第一篇：2017考研英語閱讀逐句翻譯：2003年第2篇第3句
凱程考研集訓營，為學生引路，為學員服務！
2017考研英語閱讀逐句翻譯：2003年第2篇第3句
考研英語閱讀和翻譯是分不開的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章內涵，必須要有一定的翻譯能力，尤其是面對長難句時，模糊帶過往往不能解決問題。凱程在線帶領大家逐句翻譯閱讀真題，希望大家能夠先打好基礎，攻克長難句便指日可待。
2003年第2篇第3句
Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.詞匯：
respond//v.回答;回應，反應
advocate//n.支持者，擁護者
結構：
Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates(主句), //whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care(whose定語從句，其中and并列的是位于動詞confusing和threatening).譯文：
科學家需要對動物權利倡導者做出有力的回應，因為他們的言論混淆了公眾的視聽，從而威脅到健康知識和醫療保健等方面的發展。
今天的作業：
考研閱讀逐句翻譯2003年第2篇第4句 Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical researchbecause it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process ofhealth care research.
第二篇：2017考研英語閱讀逐句翻譯：2003年第2篇第18句
凱程考研集訓營，為學生引路，為學員服務！
2017考研英語閱讀逐句翻譯：2003年第2篇第18句
考研英語閱讀和翻譯是分不開的，要掌握文章主旨，理解文章內涵，必須要有一定的翻譯能力，尤其是面對長難句時，模糊帶過往往不能解決問題。凱程在線帶 領大家逐句翻譯閱讀真題，希望大家能夠先打好基礎，攻克長難句便指日可待。下面我們來看2003年第2篇第18句的翻譯。
2003年第2篇第18句Finally,because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research,but all who receive medical treatment.詞匯：
ultimate //adj.最終的，終極的;基本的，根本的 stakeholder //n.股票持有人，股東
recruit //v.吸收，招募
結構：
Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients(because原因狀語從句), //the health research community should actively recruit to its cause(主句，謂語動詞是recruit，其賓語是not onlywell-known personalities?but all?，因為這個賓語太長，所以后置了，謂語的基本結構是recruit?to its cause)//not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper(not only并列的第一個賓語), /who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research(who定語從句修飾Cooper), //but all who receive medical treatment(but并列的第二個賓語，其中who定語從句修飾all).譯文：
最后，因為最終的受益者是病人，醫療研究機構不僅應該積極爭取斯蒂芬?庫柏這樣的名人的支持——他對動物實驗的價值勇敢地進行了肯定——而且應該爭取所有接受治療的病人的支持。
翻譯思路：stakeholder不是“股東”了
stakeholder本義是股東，這里借“股東”中“持有公司股票，享受公司利益”這一層含義。病人，是醫院的“受益者”。
這個句子還有一個謂語結構recruit?to its cause，意思是“招募?到自己的事業中”。意思是“醫院要吸納?來成為自己事業的支持者”。
第三篇：考研英語萬能句總結
在英語一大作文的寫作過程中，多數同學都會遵循這樣的原則，一般將整個作文分為3部分，首部：拋出一個話題，泛泛的敘述一下整體，且第一段不宜過長，20～30個單詞即可。這一部分內容同學們可以采用以下萬能句式：
1.This picture does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon。
2.The message conveyed in the picture seems to be that people tend to underestimate their abilities and magnify difficulties when confronted with challenges.But in fact , it is not the case。
3.The picture describes the scene of a very typical family workshop which we might find in every neighborhood in china。
中部：對所引出的話題做詳細的議論或解釋。這部分內容相對較多，并且占整個作文整體的重點部分，同學們可以采用以下這些句式：
1.The artist uses this unique metaphor in order to endow us with the concept that to habitually exercise is like to deposit money bit by bit in the bank。
2.The phenomenon reflected in the picture is both immoral and illegal.it is well known that caring the old is not only a traditional virtue cherished by Chinese ,but also a duty laid down in the constitution.in order to prevent such mistreatment typified in the picture, we should make efforts to promote moral education , and at the same time strengthen the regulations and laws。
3.Nevertheless,given the pessimistic statistics at the present, we can still predict optimistically that tobacco consumption will decline based on several emerging tendencies.in the first place , there is an extensive public awareness of the negative impact of smoking, and as a result ,more people resist the temptation of cigarettes.In the second place, governments are setting more regulations to limit tobacco
production.the effectiveness of such policy was testified by the prompt drop of the tobacco production from A to B ,as see in the picture。
4.What the drawing is trying to express is very conspicuous ,it shows people who are ??，moreover ,at the bottom of the picture are four huge characters, meaning “sports” and “health” ,which targets reminding us that sorts and health are intrinsically connected。
5.The harm caused by tobacco consumption is experiencing a similar upwardtrend-statistics indicates that 3000000 people die of smoking and related diseases every year。
6.The situation is rather depressing because intellectuals in fact contribute greatly to our country’s development, and it is largely owing to their painstaking efforts that pave the way for advancement and prosperity.to solve this problem , I think there should be a thieving social trend of showing respect to knowledge and intellects。
7.The picture is thought-provoking in that it endeavors to convince its audience that we can actually exercise anywhere , as long as wu have the awareness of preserving heath by exercise。
8.The sanitation problem of family workshops in the food industry has existed for a long time.it can be mainly attributed to two factors.the first and perhaps key factor is ignorance toward sanitation.the other reason lies on some businessmen’s short of occupational disciplines。
9.Such stimulating stories are not rare in our daily life.the most persuasive example is madam curies ,a world-reknowned female scientist.She was awarded twice the nobel prize for physics and for chemistry, within less than 10years.It is rather a uniquething in history of science in the whole world。
尾部：對上述話題就個人意見發表看法或提出觀點。這一部分字數也不易太多，適當即可，同學們在寫的時候盡量突出自己所寫的觀點，這時候可以采用這樣句式作為收尾部分：
1.It is apparent that the author of the drawing tries to reveal to us: a finishing line always leads to another starting point。
2.As a result , the integration of poor living conditions and work pressure leads naturally to their poor health and short life-span ,just as the picture shows us。
3.The tremendous contrast presented by the drawing alarmingly reminds us of the detrimental deterioration of oceanic ecosystem by the greediness of mankind。
4.Judging form the analysis above , we may safely come to the conclusion that the daunting problem demands effective countermeasures.Most importantly, the government needs to implement inspection.In addition,??
5.All in all , I firmly believe that sports are not the business of a small group of athletes, but a life-long pursuit that every person should bear in mind and endeavor to put it into practice.not only do sports benefit individuals , the improvement of nation’s health would be a huge contribution to our country’s development。
6.I maintain that effective measures must be taken to put an end to this phenomenon.firstly, we need to advocate social responsibility and professional ethics in each field.secondly, strict regulations should be enacted and enforced to create a harmonious and orderly society.only through the combined efforts of government and society can we forcefully and completely climinate this “tumor”。
7.I reckon that the consciousness of maintaining health is
significant for both individuals and the whole society.On the individual level, it is vividly evidenced by the man in the picture that his wxercise improves his health and mood as well.On the social level, the improvement in quality of life contributes vastly to a harmonious society。
對于以上所英語作文各部分對應所需的考研英語萬能句式，同學們需要做到極其熟練，背N遍，寫N遍，熟練到想到第一個詞可以不加思索的背出整個一句話為止。只有同學們真正做到對萬能句特別熟悉，才能靈活運用，寫出來的文章才真正屬于自己。運用這些萬能句，同學們幾乎可以寫出任何一篇想寫的作文，考研英語實現魚躍龍門將不在話下。
最后跨考教育教研室楊老師提醒廣大考研學子：每句套用字數一定不要少，至少20個以上，一般可套用 4～5句，便差不多100個詞了，作文框架也差不多搭建完整了。另外，萬能句套用時一般替換原句中的名詞即可，切忌避免犯語法錯誤，且字跡一定要工整，只要書寫足夠好，基本上就能覆蓋個別錯誤。
第四篇：翻譯 第2頁
層粘連蛋白整合素Dll4 /缺口軸在視網膜血管生成的過程中是如何起作用的呢？Gerhardt小組通過使用大鼠的突變性分析對此進行了綜合研究。內皮細胞需要α2,α3 和α6整合素相互作用，粘連到層粘連蛋白，并且α2或者α6的存在使得層粘連蛋白介質感應Dll4。而在視網膜，研究人員在小鼠中未見超萌芽表型，這是因為基因缺乏整合素α2,α3或β3.那么整合素是如何發生作用的呢？β1整合素內皮特異性、α2配體和α6亞基的缺失減弱了視網膜Dll4的表達和突變視網膜的超萌芽?？紤]到先前的結果會預示一些根尖細胞表型層黏連蛋白，這個極度有益的結果會帶來模型充分循環。
因此，在超萌芽狀態期間，根尖細胞能產生層粘連蛋白，層粘連蛋白可以通過整合素反過來調控切口信號通道。鼠科動物層粘連蛋白411會特異誘導產生Vegfr-2和Dll4，他們能夠激活內皮細胞的切口信號（如圖1）。在體外，內皮細胞中Dll4的誘導作用需要整合素β1的參與，在體內則依賴于整合素α2或者α6。總體而言，Dll4通過層粘連蛋白411產生調控作用可能同時需要α2β1和α6β1.因此，根尖細胞會對動態微環境產生影響和反應。動態微環境會決定他們是否能夠維持內皮莖細胞的主要特點或區分他們的轉換狀態。整個反應過程中涉及到的成分有特異性的膜組成，整合素，VEGF受體，切口配體和切口靶基因。
我們從根尖細胞微環境學到了什么？巨噬細胞——因影響膜組成而長期為人所知，能夠對專門激活巨噬細胞切口蛋白的根尖細胞信號做出反應，并且有可能影響根尖細胞的表型。此外，神經元能夠影響Dll4/切口通道。Gu和他的同事們已經發文指出VEGF控制從狀蛋白D1的表達和壁板蛋白3E受體。（Sema3E ；Kimet al,2011）.在小鼠視網膜中，叢狀蛋白D1基本上是在正在生長的血管前端內皮中表達。Sema3E是視網膜神經元分泌用以在內皮細胞中產生Sema3E-plexin D1信號的。這目前是另一個影響Dll4表達的調控通道，因為Sema3E和plexin D1的“得到和缺失”功能會阻斷視網膜脈管系統中正常Dll4的表達，切口活性，根尖/莖細胞的分配。
有著如此多的指揮機制作用于初期萌芽狀態，指揮機制包括基本膜，巨噬細胞和神經元，還有其它一些內皮細胞，根尖細胞是如何保持整個過程是連貫的呢？這是自然界的奇跡之一。
第五篇：大學英語第課后翻譯答案
1.她砰地關上門，一聲不吭地走了，他們之間那場爭執就此結束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人對那個美國人威嚴的語氣感到有點意外。The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.約翰尼已長大成熟，不再害怕獨自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.5.這封信必須交給威爾遜博士本人。The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希雖然很想參加辯論，但靦腆得不敢開口。While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你覺得什么時候最有可能在家里找到他？What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 1)會上有人建議任命一個十一人委員會來制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)這些青年科學家通過現場觀察，獲得了研究工作所需的第一手資料。By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work….3)他很可能會因視力不好而被拒收入伍。It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight…….4)委員會成員在新機場最佳選址(location)這一問題上持有不同意見。The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利創作的藝術品在許多方面比他兄弟的要好。Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's……….1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在當地一家銀行找到一份出納員的工作，但不久因不稱職而被解雇了。2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明顯是他的年輕助手在經營這家書店。3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.這項建議在會上一宣布，她就站起來提出異議。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏資金，他們正在想辦法吸引外資。6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.這個房間有股霉味，一定是好久沒人住了。1)那小女孩跑得太快，身體一下失去平衡，跌倒了。3)千萬別說可能會被人誤解的話。4)我被他們互相矛盾的意見搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。6)體育代表團團長在少先隊員向他獻上一束鮮花時愉快地笑了。8)我相信比較高級的|(higher)|動物是由比較低級的|（lower）|動物進化而來|（develop from）|的這一學說。3)吉姆的朋友說，他們那個城市的噪音污染十分嚴重，但是他們只好忍著。4)湯姆起初認為，憑他的知識、技術和經驗，一定能夠找到一份稱心如意的工作。5)冷靜耐心地處理這個微妙(delicate)問題是明智的。6)迪克以為，如果他拆不開那臺機器，那么很可能廠里別的工人也拆不開。7)你是否認為公共汽車司機應對乘客的安全負完全的責任？ 1)在當地政府的領導下，村民們奮起應付由水災造成的嚴重糧食危機。2)這個展覽會很受歡迎，吸引著源源而至的參觀者。3)媽媽上樓來查看我們這些孩子時，我轉過身假裝睡著了
完形填空：
一、1、bewildered
2、impressed
3、modest
4、profound
5、displayed
6、ambition
7、singled out
8、puzzle
9、capable
10、at ease
二、1、advertised
2、local
3、slim
4、apply
5、disapproval
6、consisted
7、attached importance
8、obriously
9、incommon
10、salary
11、praspect
三、1、action
2、obtain
3、humble
4、origins
5、go out of one’s way
6、conflict
7、acted on
8、own to
9、behind
四、1、surgical
2、confident
3、dwell on
4、emergency
5、sweat
6、competent
7、at one time or another
8、relax
五、1、moved in
2、waged 3.property 4.take a stand 5.drifted 6.trageday 7.prompt 8.impact 9.took to 10.get through to 11.run into 12.fussing 1.她砰地關上門，一聲不吭地走了，他們之間那場爭執就此結束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人對那個美國人威嚴的語氣感到有點意外。The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.約翰尼已長大成熟，不再害怕獨自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.5.這封信必須交給威爾遜博士本人。The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希雖然很想參加辯論，但靦腆得不敢開口。While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你覺得什么時候最有可能在家里找到他？What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 1)會上有人建議任命一個十一人委員會來制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)這些青年科學家通過現場觀察，獲得了研究工作所需的第一手資料。By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work….3)他很可能會因視力不好而被拒收入伍。It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight…….4)委員會成員在新機場最佳選址(location)這一問題上持有不同意見。The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利創作的藝術品在許多方面比他兄弟的要好。Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's……….1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在當地一家銀行找到一份出納員的工作，但不久因不稱職而被解雇了。2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明顯是他的年輕助手在經營這家書店。3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.這項建議在會上一宣布，她就站起來提出異議。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏資金，他們正在想辦法吸引外資。6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.這個房間有股霉味，一定是好久沒人住了。
1)那小女孩跑得太快，身體一下失去平衡，跌倒了。3)千萬別說可能會被人誤解的話。4)我被他們互相矛盾的意見搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。6)體育代表團團長在少先隊員向他獻上一束鮮花時愉快地笑了。8)我相信比較高級的|(higher)|動物是由比較低級的|（lower）|動物進化而來|（develop from）|的這一學說。3)吉姆的朋友說，他們那個城市的噪音污染十分嚴重，但是他們只好忍著。4)湯姆起初認為，憑他的知識、技術和經驗，一定能夠找到一份稱心如意的工作。5)冷靜耐心地處理這個微妙(delicate)問題是明智的。6)迪克以為，如果他拆不開那臺機器，那么很可能廠里別的工人也拆不開。7)你是否認為公共汽車司機應對乘客的安全負完全的責任？ 1)在當地政府的領導下，村民們奮起應付由水災造成的嚴重糧食危機。2)這個展覽會很受歡迎，吸引著源源而至的參觀者。3)媽媽上樓來查看我們這些孩子時，我轉過身假裝睡著了 完形填空：
一、1、bewildered
2、impressed
3、modest
4、profound
5、displayed
6、ambition
7、singled out
8、puzzle
9、capable
10、at ease
二、1、advertised
2、local
3、slim
4、apply
5、disapproval
6、consisted
7、attached importance
8、obriously
9、incommon
10、salary
11、praspect
三、1、action
2、obtain
3、humble
4、origins
5、go out of one’s way
6、conflict
7、acted on
8、own to
9、behind
四、1、surgical
2、confident
3、dwell on
4、emergency
5、sweat
6、competent
7、at one time or another
8、relax
五、1、moved in
2、waged 3.property 4.take a stand 5.drifted 6.trageday 7.prompt 8.impact 9.took to 10.get through to 11.run into 12.fussing
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