第一篇：高中英語語法權(quán)威解析一---名詞性從句(附練習(xí)題)

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

一． 主語從句

主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1.It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較

It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。例如：

a)It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.你不去看那場電影真可惜。

b)It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我對(duì)你成功與否不感興趣。

c)It is in the morning that the murder took place.謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）

d)It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗戶。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）

2.用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1)It is ＋ 名詞 ＋ 從句

It is a fact that …

事實(shí)是…

It is an honor that

…非常榮幸

It is common knowledge that

…是常識(shí)(2)It is ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 從句

It is natural that…

很自然…

It is strange that…

奇怪的是…(3)It is ＋ 不及物動(dòng)詞 ＋ 從句

It seems that…

似乎…

It happened that…

碰巧…

It appears that…

似乎…(4)It ＋ 過去分詞 ＋ 從句

It is reported that…

據(jù)報(bào)道…

It has been proved that…

已證實(shí)…

It is said that…

據(jù)說…

3.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：

（1）if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。

（2）It is said /reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達(dá)：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.（3）It happens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達(dá)：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達(dá)：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.（5）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如：

正確表達(dá)：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Is that will rain in the evening likely?

4.what 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別

what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that 則不然。例如：

a)What you said yesterday is right.b)That she is still alive is a consolation

二．賓語從句

賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。

1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語

(1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：

I heard that be joined the army.我聽說他參軍了。

(2)由what, whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：

a)She did not know what had happened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。

b)I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。

(3)動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。例如：

She told me that she would accept my invitation.她對(duì)我說她會(huì)接受我的邀請(qǐng)。

2.作介詞的賓語，例如：

Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。

3.作形容詞的賓語，例如：

I am afraid(that)I’ve made a mistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

注意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。

4.it 可以作為形式賓語

it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。例如：

We heard it that she would get married next month.我聽說她下個(gè)朋就會(huì)結(jié)婚了。

5.后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動(dòng)詞

這類動(dòng)詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如：

正確表達(dá)：I admire their winning the match.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：I admire that they won the match.6.不可用that從句作直接賓語的動(dòng)詞

有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：

正確表達(dá)：He impressed the manager as an honest man.錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移

若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：

I don’t think this dress fits you well.我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。

三.表語從句

表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that常可省略。另外，常用的還有the reason is that… 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

1)The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3)But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4)The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四.同位語從句

同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。

1.同位語從句的功能

同位語從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：

1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2.同位語在句子中的位置

同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：

He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。

(2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如： 1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）

名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1．____he does has nothing to do with me.A.whatever B.No matter what C.That D.If 2.The manager came over and asked the customer how____

A.did the quarrel came about

B.the quarrel had come about

C.had the quarrel come about

D.had the quarrel come about 3.Energy is ____makes thing work..A.what B.something C.anything

D.that 4.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 5.This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A.there

B.in which

C.where

D.when 6.They have no idea at all____.A.where he has gone

B.where did he go C.which place has he gone

D.where has he gone

7.The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.A.that

B.which

C.of which

D.of that

8.The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.A.that;had to leave

B.that;should leave

C./;must leave

D.when;should leave 9.___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that

B.It;that

C.there;whether D.It;whether 10.The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our

research.A.that

B.which

C.whether

D.if 11.Is _____he said really true?

A.that B.what C.why

D.whether 12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.A.That B.Whether C.If

D.Where 13.It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.A.while

B.if

C.that D.for

14.???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A.Whether

B.This

C.who

D.If

15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A.What B.That

C.Whether

D.If 16.____you don’t like him is none of my business.A.What B.That

C.Who

D.How 17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A.What;what B.That;that

C.what;that D.That;what 18.____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A.What

B.It

C.All that

D.That 19.It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.A.believed

B.think

C.say

D.hoped 20.____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A.What

B.That

C.How

D.Where

Keys:

1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA

第二篇：高中英語語法權(quán)威解析七---定語從句(附練習(xí)題)

第七章 定語從句

定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，有時(shí)也可以修飾部分或整個(gè)句子。

被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why, how。

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作用，同時(shí)又可做定語從句的一個(gè)成分。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞做賓語時(shí)可以省略。

定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須在人稱上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。

定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。1、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在從句中作主語）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.（whom/that在從句中作賓語）2)whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換），例如：

Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is green.3)which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.（which / that在句中作賓語）

The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.(which / that在句中作賓語)

關(guān)系代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法區(qū)別：

不用that的情況：

a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)

(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b)介詞后不能用

We depend on the land from which we get our food.c)多用who 的情況

①關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語

A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.②先行詞為those, people 時(shí)

Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.③先行詞為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時(shí)

One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.④在There be句型中

There is a stranger who wants to see you.⑤在被分隔的定語從句中

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.⑥在有兩個(gè)定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個(gè)以上的并列定語從句時(shí)，后一個(gè)必須重復(fù)前一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。

The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.2)只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。

All that is needed is a supply of oil.Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時(shí)，只用that。

He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.c)先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。

The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin.d)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。

He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.e)當(dāng)主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時(shí)，用that 以避免重復(fù)。Who is the person that is standing at the gate.f)關(guān)系代詞在從句中做表語

He is not the man that he used to be.2、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when(on which)one must yield.Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?

I'm surprised the way how(by which)he works out the problem.注意：

①在非限制性定語從句中，“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。

如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.②含有介詞短語的動(dòng)詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動(dòng)詞后面。Is this the book which(that)she was looking for?

3、名詞/數(shù)詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級(jí) + 介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句 She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.4、as, which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句的差別 由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.用法區(qū)別：

(1)as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。As we all know, he never smokes.(2)as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。

(3)非限定性定語從句中出現(xiàn)expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測、想象、預(yù)料等時(shí)。She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.(4)As 的用法 the same? as;such?as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和??一樣??。I should like to use the same tool as is used here.We should have such a dictionary as he is using.定語從句語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)習(xí)題精選

用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空：

1.I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.2.I'll never forget the day________

we met each other last week.3.Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.4.I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.5.I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.6.This is the school ______I used to study.7.Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week? 8.Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9.Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 10.Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 11.Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.12.I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.13.There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.14.It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.15.It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.16.It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17.The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(認(rèn)出)you.18.This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.19.This is the way____he did it.20.Who is the student _____was late for school today? 21.Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him? 22.What else was there in my brother____you didn't like? 23.He lives in the room____window faces to the south.24.He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.25.This is Mr.John for____son I brought a book yesterday.26.This is Mr.John for_____I bought a book yesterday.27.This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.28.And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.29.Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.30.I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.KEYS:

1.when

2.when 3.which

4.that/which

5.that 6.where

7.that/which 8.where 9.which

10.where 11.where

12.which 13.when

14.that

15.that

16.that

17.(that)

18.which

19.(that/in which)

20.that 21.that that

23.whose

24.of which

25.whose 26.whom

27.when

28.that

29.that

30.where

第三篇：高考英語語法：名詞性從句

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名詞性從句

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句。名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。17.1 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

連接詞： that, whether ,if（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）

連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 連接副詞：when, where, how, why 不可省略的連詞：

1.介詞后的連詞

2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。例如：

That she was chosen made us very happy.她被選上了，我們很高興。

We heard the news that our team had won.我們聽到消息說我們隊(duì)贏了。

比較：whether與if 均為“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：

1.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首

2.引導(dǎo)表語從句

3.whether從句作介詞賓語

4.從句后有“or not”

大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當(dāng)形式主語。例如：

It is not important who will go.誰去，這不重要。

It is still unknown which team will win the match.到底誰贏呢，形勢尚不明朗。17.2 名詞性that-從句 www.tmdps.cn 解決高考問題，就上高考圈

1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語。例如：

主語：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。

賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近來誰也沒有見過他，這一情況令辦公室所有的人不安。

形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你對(duì)工作滿意我感到很高興。2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末。例如：

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。

It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：

a.It + be +形容詞+ that-從句

It is necessary that…

有必要……

It is important that…

重要的是……

It is obvious that…

很明顯…… b.It + be +-ed 分詞+ that-從句

It is believed that…

人們相信……

It is known to all that…

從所周知……

It has been decided that…

已決定…… c.It + be +名詞+ that-從句

It is common knowledge that…

……是常識(shí)

www.tmdps.cn 解決高考問題，就上高考圈

It is a surprise that…

令人驚奇的是……

It is a fact that…

事實(shí)是…… d.It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-分句

It appears that…

似乎……

It happens that…

碰巧……

It occurred to me that…

我突然想起…… 17.3 名詞性wh-從句

1）由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。

Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等。例如：

主語： How the book will sell depends on its author.書銷售如何取決于作者本人。直接賓語：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。

間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize.獲勝者俱樂部將頒獎(jiǎng)。

表語： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的問題是誰將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。

賓語補(bǔ)足語：She will name him whatever she wants to.她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。

同位語：

I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。

形容詞賓語：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。

介詞賓語： That depends on where we shall go.那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?）Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置于句末。例如：

It is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒決定誰做這項(xiàng)工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。17.4 if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句

1）yes-no型疑問從句 www.tmdps.cn 解決高考問題，就上高考圈

從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同。例如：

主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。

賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。

表語：The point is whether we should lend him the money.問題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。

同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。

形容詞賓語： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。

介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我擔(dān)心他是否能度過疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。

2）選擇性疑問從句

選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whethe…or not構(gòu)成。例如：

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.請(qǐng)告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。

I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。17.5 否定轉(zhuǎn)移

1）將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。例如：

I don't think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。

I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。

注意：若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：

I hope you weren't ill.我想你沒有生病吧。

2）將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。例如：

It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看來他們不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看來我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。www.tmdps.cn 解決高考問題，就上高考圈

3）有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的否定。例如：

I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我記得從未見過這樣一個(gè)人。（not否定動(dòng)名詞短語 having…）

It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在這里，人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。（anyone 作主語，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式。）

4）有時(shí)狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動(dòng)詞前。例如：

The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定狀語）螞蟻不只是為自己采食。

He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.（否定because狀語）

他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何，就輕信此事。

She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struckby her beauty.（否定狀語many weeks）她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月，這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見她了，并對(duì)她的美貌著了迷。

第四篇：高中二輪英語語法復(fù)習(xí)講解-名詞性從句

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高中英語語法之名詞性從句

在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞

引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

連詞：that（無任何詞意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分

連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, whichever,whomever 連接副詞：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often 不可省略的連詞： 1.介詞后的連詞

2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比較：whether與if 均為“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下，只可用whether：

1.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首2.引導(dǎo)表語從句 3.whether從句作介詞賓語4.從句后有“or not”

Whether he will come is not clear.大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當(dāng)形式主語。

It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二.主語從句

1、作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：

What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。

It is known to us how he became a writer.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。

有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：

（1）It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句

另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that …

It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…

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（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）Who the watch belongs to was lost is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.小結(jié):（1)引導(dǎo)主語從句連詞有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)連詞位于句首不能省略（3)主語從句大多數(shù)情況下視為三單,但也有例外,如例9

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(3)It happens…, It occurs… 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.(5)含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如：

Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?

4.What 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別

What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that 則不然。例如： What you said yesterday is right.三、賓語從句

名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。1.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí), 嘉興英語教學(xué)網(wǎng) www.tmdps.cn 收集整理 歡迎使用

現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America．

5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ健＜磳木渲械姆穸ㄐ问揭频街骶渲小＠纾?We don’t think you are here.我們認(rèn)為你不在這。I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。

6.時(shí)態(tài)：1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。2.主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。3.主句用過去時(shí)，從句是客觀真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。7.賓語從句的連接詞

從屬連詞：連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句.He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車.Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.沒人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試.連接代詞：連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報(bào)的游戲？

The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎? 連接副詞：連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面.Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.8.動(dòng)詞的賓語從句

大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句

We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告訴我們?cè)谡麄€(gè)工作中,他都會(huì)幫忙的.部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句

I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會(huì)的所有票都賣光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎? 動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句

常見的這些詞有:make sure確保 make up one’s mind下決心 keep in mind牢記 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤.可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句

①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的.嘉興英語教學(xué)網(wǎng) www.tmdps.cn 收集整理 歡迎使用

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.我沒去聚會(huì),感覺非常遺憾.I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣.We all find it important that we(should)make a quick decision about this mater.我們都認(rèn)為對(duì)這件事馬上做出決定很重要.②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it 這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話.He will have it that our plan is really practical.他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的.When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí), 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置.③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.9.介詞的賓語從句

用wh-類的介詞賓語從句

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句

有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.10.形容詞的賓語從句

常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會(huì)通過考試.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.11.if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別

① if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if② 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether.③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.④ 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。）⑤ 避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.12.哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that 1.當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí);2.當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí);3.當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時(shí);4.當(dāng)主語謂語動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語動(dòng)詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí);5.當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),此時(shí) 嘉興英語教學(xué)網(wǎng) www.tmdps.cn 收集整理 歡迎使用

主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是 嘉興英語教學(xué)網(wǎng) www.tmdps.cn 收集整理 歡迎使用

定義：A 表語從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么[1]樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。The problem is puzzling.這問題令人困惑 主語 連系動(dòng)詞 形容詞作表語

The problem is when we can get a pay rise.問題是什么時(shí)候我們可以得到加薪.主語 連系動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作表語---表語從句

B 連接表語從句的連接詞有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether,how.He has become a teacher.他已經(jīng)成為一名教師。

He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago.他已經(jīng)成為了他10年前想成為的。She has remained there for an hour.她曾在那里停留了一個(gè)小時(shí)。

She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour.她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一個(gè)小時(shí)。His suggestion is good.他的建議是好的。

His suggestion is that we should stay calm.他的建議是，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。The question is confusing.這個(gè)問題令人困惑.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.問題是，他什么時(shí)候可以到達(dá)酒店。

who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.誰與我明天將前往北京。

why he cried yesterday.昨天他為什么哭。

how I can persuade her to join us in the party.我怎么能說服她加入我們的派對(duì)。

whether the enemy is marching towards us.是否敵人正向我們行進(jìn).注意：

A 表語從句一定要用陳述語序。

False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B 不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語從句(as if 例外）。

引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以互換if/whether 位于介詞后要用whether 位于句首時(shí)要用whether

引導(dǎo)表語從句，主語從句，同位語從句時(shí)要用whether False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.C 不像賓語從句，在有表語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.D that在表語從句中不可以省掉。

3、基本用法

表語從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞。名詞性從句在be等系動(dòng)詞后作表語時(shí)被稱為表語從句，例如： The problem is how we can get the things we need.問題是我們?cè)鯓幽芘轿覀冃枰臇|西。(how 在表語從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語)// The scissors are not what I need.這把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what 在表語從句中充當(dāng)賓語)// What I told him was that I would find him a good play.我告訴他的是我會(huì)給他找個(gè)好劇本。(what在主語從句中作直接賓語，that作為表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，不能省略)// That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要對(duì)你講的。(what在表語從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語)// That is why she failed to pass the exam.那就是她考試不及格的原因。(why 在表語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語)

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注意： “That is why...”是常用句型，意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語，該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說明過的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)，又如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.珍妮，這就是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對(duì)老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異，說話人對(duì)她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來進(jìn)行概括)。// That is why I came.這就是我來的原因。

下面是兩個(gè)與“That is why...”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu)，它們與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚：

(1)“That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義，只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講，“That is the reason why...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定語從句，將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，例如： That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.這就是我不能同意的理由。

(2)“That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語，這也是個(gè)常用句型，意為“這就是為什么……/因?yàn)椤薄！癟hat is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果，例如： He did not see the film last night.That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他沒有去看電影，那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(嘉興英語教學(xué)網(wǎng) www.tmdps.cn 收集整理 歡迎使用

l have no idea when he will be back．我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個(gè)問題。

四、有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。如：

Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．

幾年以后，有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視 察他們。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．

他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。

六、名詞性that-從句

1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：

主語：That she is still alive is her luck.他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。

賓語：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去。表語：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。同位語：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.近來誰也沒有見過他，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。

形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.你對(duì)工作滿意我感到很高興。2）That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末，例如：

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系： a.It + be +形容詞+ that-從句

It is necessary that… 有必要……

It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明顯…… b.It + be +-ed 分詞+ that-從句

It is believed that… 人們相信……

It is known to all that… 眾所周知…… It has been decided that… 已決定…… c.It + be +名詞+ that-從句

It is common knowledge that… ……是常識(shí)

It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事實(shí)是…… d.It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-從句

It appears that… 似乎……

It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……

七、名詞性wh-從句 1）由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等，例如： 主語： How the book will sell depends on its author.書銷售如何取決于作者本人。直接賓語：In one's own home one can do what one likes.在自己家里可以隨心所欲。間接賓語：The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱樂部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。表語： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.我的問題是誰將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。

賓語補(bǔ)足語：She will name him whatever she wants to.她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。

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同位語： I have no idea when he will return.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。

形容詞賓語：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。

介詞賓語： That depends on where we shall go.那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?/p>

2）Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將wh-從句置于句末，例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒決定誰做這項(xiàng)工作。

It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。

八、if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句 1）yes-no型疑問從句

從屬連詞if, whether引導(dǎo)的名詞從句是由一般疑問句或選擇疑問轉(zhuǎn)化而來的，因此也分別被稱為yes-no型疑問句從句和選擇型疑問從句，其功能和wh-從句的功能相同，例如： 主語：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.這一計(jì)劃是否可行還有等證實(shí)。賓語：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章寫完。

表語：The point is whether we should lend him the money.問題在于我們是否應(yīng)該借錢給他。同位語：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他們調(diào)查他是否值得信賴。

形容詞賓語： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come.她懷疑我們是否能夠前來。介詞賓語： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.我擔(dān)心他是否能度過疾病的危險(xiǎn)期。2）選擇性疑問從句

選擇性疑問從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞if/whether…or或whether…or not構(gòu)成，例如：

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.請(qǐng)告訴我他們是瑞典人還是丹麥人。I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜歡該計(jì)劃。if和whether的區(qū)別：

1、在動(dòng)詞不定式之前只能用whether。如：

例8 I can’t decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。

2、在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如：

例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not.我想知道是否是好消息。、在介詞后，只能用whether。如：

例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父親擔(dān)心是否會(huì)失去工作。

4、賓語從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，只能用whether。如：

Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know.這是否真的，我真的不知道。

（例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作還是個(gè)問題。－－此例為主語從句，有誤，感謝指出）

5、用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，只用whether。如：

例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 這句話有兩種意思：“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎？”或“如果你知道答案，請(qǐng)告訴我，好嗎？”。如用whether可避免歧義.九、否定轉(zhuǎn)移

1)將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。I don't think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。

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I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。

注意：若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。I hope you weren't ill.我想你沒有生病吧。

2)將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前面。

It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看來他們不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看來我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。3)有時(shí)將動(dòng)名詞，介詞短語或整個(gè)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)謂語動(dòng)詞的否定。I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我記得從未見過這樣一個(gè)人。(not否定動(dòng)名詞短語 having…)

It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.在這里，人們不會(huì)想到在街上會(huì)碰上陌生的人。(anyone 作主語，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞不能用否定形式。)4)有時(shí)狀語或狀語從句中否定可以轉(zhuǎn)移到謂語動(dòng)詞前。

The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.(否定狀語)螞蟻不只是為自己采食。

He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.(否定because狀語)他并不因亞里斯多德說過如何如何，就輕信此事。

She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.(否定狀語many weeks)她結(jié)婚還不到幾個(gè)月，這個(gè)人的弟弟就看見她了，并對(duì)她的美貌著了迷。

十、高考熱點(diǎn)透視

1.___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET 1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It 答案D。當(dāng)名詞從句在句中作主語時(shí)，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語從句放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無實(shí)義。此句也可以改寫為：That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．（NMET2001）

A．how B．a(chǎn)fter C．what D．when

答案C。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的空白處應(yīng)該填引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞，做主句謂語動(dòng)詞do的賓語，同時(shí)該連接詞還是從句中的do的賓語，因此，此處的連接詞應(yīng)該用what。3.He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）

A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 答案：D。賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，句子語序要用陳述語序。

4.What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）

A.when B.how C.whether D.why

答案C。這是一個(gè)表語從句。根據(jù) doubt一詞可知，所懷疑的應(yīng)是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過來。” 5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 答案B。根據(jù)句意“一般認(rèn)為孩子要什么就給什么是不好的。”可以看出后面的從句應(yīng)是一個(gè)賓語從句，而從句中wants缺少賓語，A.however 和D.whenever是不能作賓語的；排除A和D，whichever表示“無論哪一個(gè)，無論哪些”，應(yīng)表示一定范圍內(nèi)的人或物，此處沒有涉及事物的范圍，所以應(yīng)選 B．whatever，表示“無論什么”。

6.______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)

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A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who 答案C。本題句子的意思是：無論誰最后離開房間一定要把燈關(guān)掉。本題考查連接代詞whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，連接代詞whoever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，并在從句中作主語，相當(dāng)于any person who或The person who, 意為“一切……的人”。而anyone和the person均非連詞，不能引導(dǎo)從句，況who leaves the room last意為“某個(gè)最后離開房間的人”，與題意不符，如果要選A.Anyone或B.The person，都必須在它們后面再加上引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞who。如果要選D.Who就體現(xiàn)不出“無論誰”的含義了。

7.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests.(Shanghai1995)A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 答案為C。本題句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同愛好的人交朋友。疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是：前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。首先排除A和D，從句中需要的是主語，所以whomever也不行。

8.----I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.----Is that ______ you had a few days off ?(NMET1999)A.why B.what C.when D.where

答案A。根據(jù)語境，甲說上周驅(qū)車去珠海觀看航模展覽。乙據(jù)此來詢問甲這是否是請(qǐng)幾天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C, D均與該題語境不符。根據(jù)上句提供的語境，下句應(yīng)該問“那就是你為什么離開幾天的原因嗎？”

9.I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village.(NMET1993)A.when B.how C.where D.what

答案A。根據(jù)從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語，排除D．what，而答案C, D均與題意不符，所以應(yīng)選A．when。used to be表示一種過去存在的狀態(tài)，本句的意思是“我仍然記得這里在什么時(shí)候是個(gè)寧靜的地方。”

10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ it was？（2001春季招生）

A．where B．what C．how D．which

答案D。這是一個(gè)主語從句。主語從句中缺少表語。從上句的意思分析，應(yīng)是哪本書，所以要填which，這句話的意思是“我在某本書中讀到過有關(guān)這方面的內(nèi)容，是哪一本書重要嗎？”。

11.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C when D.as(2001年上海)答案B。該題考查that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，接在fact, news, promise, possibility, information, doubt, message名詞后，用來解釋或說明名詞的內(nèi)容。12.—I think it is going to be a big problem.—Yes, it could be.—I wonder ______ we can do about it.(北京 2002春季)A、if B、how C、what D、that 答案C。本題考察名詞性從句的連接詞的用法。wonder后面應(yīng)跟賓語從句，而從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞do是及物動(dòng)詞，可見從句缺少一個(gè)代替賓語的成分，我們可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引導(dǎo)方式狀語的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我們能就此做些什么”。

十一、專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)

1.________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.A.It is said B.They are said C.It said D.It says 答案A：句型It is said that+主語從句。類似的還有It is believed that……etc 2._____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.嘉興英語教學(xué)網(wǎng) www.tmdps.cn 收集整理 歡迎使用

A.What B.That C.How D.Where

答案A：觀察此從句中缺少主語，而能在主語從句中即充當(dāng)主語成分又引導(dǎo)的就只有what了 3.It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination.A.whether B.if C.that D.how

4.Shanghai has taken on a new look.It isn’t like _____ it used to be.A.what B.how C.that D.which

5.____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize in the match.A.There, that B.It, that C.There, whether D.It, whether

6.Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he had done the day before.A.that B.how C.what D.where

7.The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be during the past few years.A.had his daughter grown B.would his daughter grow C.his daughter would grow D.his daughter had grown

8.Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.A.how she is getting along B.how is she getting along C.what she is getting along D.what is she getting along 9.____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.A.That;what B.What;that C.That;that D.What;what 10.These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can to save them.A.whatever B.which C.that D.whichever 11._____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.Anyone C.Whoever D.The person

12.Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes in late.A.any;who B.every;whoever C.whichever;whoever D.either;whoever

13.____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A.What;why B.That;why C.What;because D.Why;that 14.It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.A.What;that B.That;that C.What;what D.That;what 15.It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.A.should send B.must be sent C.should be sent D.must go 16.The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.A.which we get;what give we B.what we get;what we give C.which do we get;what do we give D.how we get;that we give 17.We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.A.be put off B.was put off C.should put off D.is to be put off 18.Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．

A.where B.there C.here where D.where there

19.Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who

20.You can’t imagine ______ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.they were how excited

Keys:1---5 A A A A A 6---10 C D A B A 11----15 C C A A C 16---20 B A A C B

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名詞性從句練習(xí)(一)1.His success was because of ________ he had been working hard.A.that B.the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact 2.“Is Mary from New York City ” “I don't know _______.” A.from what city does she come from

B.from what city she come C.what city does she come from

D.what city she comes from 3.________ makes mistakes must correct them.A.What B.That C.Whoever D.Whatever 4.The reason why I didn't go to Shanghai was ________ a new job.A.because I got B.because of getting C.I got D.that I got 5.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.A.while

B.that

C.if

D.for 6.Henry killed the dog.I'll ask him why ________.A.did he do that

B.he did that C.he did

D.he has done so 7.Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know ________.A.how he is getting along

B.how is he getting along C.what he is getting along

D.what is he getting along 8.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 9.He asked me ________ with me.A.what is the trouble B.what wrong was C.what was the matter D.what trouble it is 10.I am sure ________ he said is true.A.that B.about that C.of that D.that what 11.When and why he came here ________ yet.A.is not known B.are not known C.has not known D.have not bee 12.I wonder how much ________.A.does the watch cost B.did the watch cost

C.the watch costed D.the watch costs 13.Mary is ________ someone might recognize her.A.afraid of B.afraid about C.afraid that D.afraid for 14.________ is no reason for dismissing her.A.Because she was a few minutes late

B.Owing to a few minutes late C.The fact that she was a few minutes late

D.Being a few minutes late 15.They came to the conclusion ________ by a computer.A.that not all things can be done

B.because of not all things be done C.being not all things can be done D.because not all things can be done 16.Why the explosion occurred was ________ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A.for B.because C.since D.that 17.I don't doubt ________ he'll come.A.that

B.if

C.what

D.whether 18.“Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr.Wang ”

“Well, I forget _______ I was supposed to go to.”

A.which the room B.which room C.what was the room D.what room was it 19.Output is now six times ________ it was before liberation.A.that B.which C.what D.of which 20.Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet she's now buying a big house.Carol: Yes.Because she's always saved ________.A.what little she earns B.how little she earns C.for little she earns D.with little she earns 21._______ surprised me most was ________ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A.That...what B.What...that C.That...which D.What...which

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22.We gave him ________ help we could.A.which B.what C.that D.this 23.She is pleased with what you have given him and ________ you have told him.A.that

B.which

C.all what

D.all that 24.Excuse me would you please tell me ________

A.when the sports meet is taken place

B.when is the sports meet going to be held C.when is the sports meet to begin

D.when the sports meet is to take place 25.Do you happen to know ________

A.what size shoes he wears

B.how big shoes he wears C.what is the size of his shoes D.what number shoes are his 26.This book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.A.how you have observed

B.how what you have observed C.that you have observed

D.how that you have observed 27.Where do you think ________

A.has he gone

B.has he been

C.he's gone

D.was he 28.Do you know ________

A.how many populations there are in the world B.how much population there is in the world C.how many the population of the world is

D.what the population of the world is 29.Would you go and see ________ outside

A.what to take place B.what Tom has happened C.what is happening D.what the matter had been 30.The subject of “What is interesting is that I do not even know him.” is_______.A.what B.interesting C.What is interesting D.I 31.________ I think he is Charles.A.Who do you think he is

B.Do you think who he is

C.Whom do you think he is D.Do you think who he is 32.He didn't know which room ________.A.they lived B.they lived in C.did they live D.did they live in 33.The little boy ate ________ his mother gave him.A.that B.which C.whatever D.no matter what 34.The city is no longer ________.A.what it is B.that it used to be C.which it was D.what it used to be 35.My parents used ________ they had to get a new car for me.A.which B.that C.what D.all what 36.______ we go swimming every day _____ us a lot of good.A.If...do B.That...do C.If...does D.That...does 37.________ was the idea _______ the wife thought of A.What...that B.That...what C.How...why D.Why...how 38._______ did he tell his wife ________ he wished to do

A.That...what B.What...that C.Where...which D.Which...where 39.One of the men held the view ________ the book said was right.A.what that B.that what C.that which D.which that 40.I have no idea ________ or not he has finished the work.A.if B.that C.whether D.which 41.“Do you know ________ ” “His father is a doctor.” A.what is his father B.who is his father

C.what his father is D.who his father is 42.Is this ________ we met each other two years ago

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A.place B.place in which C.where D.place which 43.It ________ Bob drives badly.A.thinks that B.is thought what C.thought that D.is thought that 44.We all know the truth ________ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A.where B.wherever C.that D.that wherever

45.They discussed _______ they could settle the problem without others' help.A.if B.that C.what D.whether 46.She asked ________.A.what I was doing when she rang me up

B.what was I doing when she rang me up C.when she rang me up what I was doing

D.when did she ring me up what I was doing 47.161718192021-頁 共 21 頁

第五篇：高中英語語法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(形容詞性從句和名詞性從句)

高中英語語法 名詞性從句部分

表語從句：主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語從句1定義：用作表語的從句叫做表語從句。2構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句3.引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的種類：

(1)從屬連詞that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address.(2)從屬連詞whether, as, as if。如：

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來還與十年前一樣。

The question is whether they will be able to help us.注：從屬連詞if一般不用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，但as if卻可引導(dǎo)表語從句，如：

All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday.這都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一樣。

能跟表語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般為系動(dòng)詞be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain.看起來天要下雨了。

(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。

如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.問題是我們能找到誰去替換她呢。The question is how he did it.問題是他是如何做此事的。

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了閣樓干的。1．連詞because可引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：

I think it is because you are doing too much.我想這是因?yàn)槟阕龅锰唷?/p>

2． 在一些表示“建議、勸說、命令”的名詞后面的表語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。should+動(dòng)詞原形表示，should可省略。如：

My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。3.“That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義，只不過從語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講，“That is the reason why...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定語從句，將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，例如：

That is(the reason)why I cannot agree.That is because...（2）主語從句1定義：用作主語的從句叫做主語從句。2構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句3引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：

(1)從屬連詞that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明顯，她們確是親姐妹，她們的臉型很相似。(2)從屬連詞whether。如：

Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否會(huì)來這里還不清楚。

(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如：

What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。

How this happened is not clear to anyone.這事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不論誰來都?xì)g迎。

Wherever you are is my home----my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。

1． 主語從句能用it作形式上的主語。常以it作形式主語的句型有：

A.It+be+形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that從句。如：

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.毫無疑問她考試成績會(huì)很好。It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告訴她了。

B.It+be+名詞詞組(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that從句。如：

It’s a pity that we can’t go.很遺憾我們不能去。

It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game.我們沒贏這場比賽真意外。C.It+be+過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that從句。如：

It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.據(jù)說格林先生已經(jīng)到了北京。It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.據(jù)報(bào)道中國又成功地發(fā)射了一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星。

D.It+seem, happen等不及物動(dòng)詞及短語+that從句。如：

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.Alice似乎不來參加晚會(huì)。It happened that I was out that day.碰巧我那天外出了。

E.It+doesn’t matter(makes no difference, etc.)+連接代詞或連接副詞引起的主語從句。如：

It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.她是否來這無關(guān)緊要。

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我們?cè)谀睦镩_會(huì)毫無區(qū)別。F.當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如：

Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 下周那位科學(xué)家將給我們作報(bào)告是真的嗎？

Does it matter much that they will not come tomorrow? 他們明天不來很要緊嗎？ G.當(dāng)主語從句出現(xiàn)在感嘆句中時(shí)，要以it作形式主語，而把主語從句后置。如： How strange it is that the children are so quiet!孩子們這么安靜真奇怪！2．注意連接代詞whoever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)主語從句的含義 Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)來的人將受到歡迎。Whatever he did was right.(whatever=the thing that)他所做的事情是正確的。Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize.(whichever=anyone of you who)你們當(dāng)中不論哪個(gè)進(jìn)來將會(huì)得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。（3）賓語從句1定義：用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。2構(gòu)成：關(guān)聯(lián)詞+簡單句3引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：(1)從屬連詞that。如：

He told us that he felt ill.他對(duì)我們說他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已經(jīng)回來了。

注： that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)也并不是任何情況下都可以省略。在以下情況下，that不能省略。

1． Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and連接兩個(gè)賓語從句，that賓語從句放在and的后面時(shí)，that不能省略。)大家都會(huì)看出所發(fā)生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

2．I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不能省略。)對(duì)他我一無所知，只知道他是南方人。

3．That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that從句位于句首時(shí)，that不可省略。)我簡直不相信他曾說過這樣的話。

4． We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句謂語動(dòng)詞與that從句之間有插入語，that不可省略。)鑒于他的特殊情況，我們決定應(yīng)允他一段試用期。(2)從屬連詞if/whether。如：

I doubt whether he will succeed.我懷疑他是否會(huì)成功。I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否幫助我。

(3)連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞 where, when, how, why。如： Who or what he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？馬丁根本不知道。

I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要給我寫信說什么事。I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我會(huì)告訴你我為什么要你來。You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。(1)介詞賓語從句

賓語從句也可用作介詞的賓語。如：

He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他對(duì)那天發(fā)生的事感到很不快。

I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要說什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。有時(shí)介詞可以省略。如：

I don’t care(for)who marries him.我不管誰跟他結(jié)婚。Be careful(as to)how you do that.你要注意做這件事的方式。

1．如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，而將賓語從句后置。如： We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我們認(rèn)為小王昨天沒來是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不會(huì)屈服。

2．作介詞的賓語：連詞that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句很少作介詞的賓語，只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介詞的賓語從句如果由連詞that引導(dǎo)，則需用it先行一步，作形式賓語。如：

He is a good student except that he is careless.他是一個(gè)好學(xué)生，只是有點(diǎn)粗心。

You may rely on it that I shall help you.你可以指望我會(huì)幫助你的。介詞賓語不可以用which來引導(dǎo)，而要用what來引導(dǎo)。如： Are you sorry for what you've done? 你為你所做的一切感到內(nèi)疚嗎？

3．某些形容詞或過去分詞后常接賓語從句，這類形容詞或過去分詞有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，連詞that可省略。如： I am not sure what I ought to do.我不能確定我該做什么。

I'm afraid you don't understand what I said.恐怕你沒領(lǐng)會(huì)我說的意思。

I'm surprised that I didn't see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前沒看到過。

Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.媽媽為她的女兒通過了考試而感到高興。4．連詞whether(…or not)或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句

if和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以互換使用，但whether常和or not連用，if一般不與or not連用。如：

I wonder whether it is true or not.我不知它是真是假。

用if引導(dǎo)賓語從句如果會(huì)引起歧義，應(yīng)避免使用if而用wheter。試比較： Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if從句可理解為賓語從句，意為“請(qǐng)告訴我你是否想去”；此句又可理解為條件狀語從句意為“如果你想去的話，請(qǐng)告訴我一聲”。5．賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，有時(shí)謂語盡管是否定意思，卻不用否定形式，而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健Ｈ纾?I don’t think you are right.我認(rèn)為你錯(cuò)了。

I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.我相信他們還未完成他們的工作。I don’t suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是嗎？ 6． 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)變化規(guī)律：

(1)當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句可根據(jù)需要用任何時(shí)態(tài)。(2)當(dāng)主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句只能使用過去范圍內(nèi)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。但客觀真理除外。如： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.7.what is / was the matter /wrong with sb作賓語從句, 不改變語序;Who knows what is the matter / wrong with him?（4）同位語從句1定義：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。

2． 用法：同位語從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如：

They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.對(duì)你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。

Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪兒聽說我不能來？

注：同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如： I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否來。1．that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別 句法功能上

that只起連接從句的作用，無意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。

that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。如在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)可省略。意義上

從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。從句起限定作用，是定語

如：The news that Mr.Li will be our new English teacher is true.(同位語從句，that不可省。)李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個(gè)消息是真的。

The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.(定語從句，that在從句中作told的賓語，可省。)他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。

2．一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣should+動(dòng)詞原形表示。should可省。如：

This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as possible.這就是我們唯一的請(qǐng)求：盡快解決這個(gè)問題。

① I won’t believe the fact that he lied to his mother.② I won’t believe the fact(that)he told me.③ The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.④ The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.⑤ We have no idea at all where he has gone.⑥ That’s the place where he was born

三、考查關(guān)聯(lián)詞的正確選用

這是近幾年高考的重中之重。解決這一問題可以從以下幾點(diǎn)入手: 1.依據(jù)“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”的原則確定正確的連詞

認(rèn)真分析句子成分,看從句中缺什么成分,再根據(jù)語境和語義,選用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。如果從句中缺少主語,指人用who,指物則用what或which;如缺賓語,指人用whom,指物用what;如缺時(shí)間狀語用when;地點(diǎn)狀語用where;原因狀語用why;方式狀語用how;定語用what或which;如果從句中什么成分都不缺,用that。例如:

I don't know who will be our English teacher next term.(缺主語,指人用who)

I know what should be done and what shouldn't be done.(缺主語,指物用what)

I'm sure that he will come tomorrow.(什么成分都不缺,用that)

Where he will go is still unknown.(缺地點(diǎn)狀語,用where)

I don't know which / what topic I should choose.(缺定語,用what或which)2.注意幾組易混連詞的使用 1)what與that 這是高考測試的一對(duì)熱點(diǎn)連詞,同學(xué)們一定要將其掌握。that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)僅起連接作用,不作句子任何成分,除在賓語從句中外一般不可省略;what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),除起連接作用外,還在句子中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語和定語等句子成分。all

that, anything that或 the thing(s)that

What we can’t get seems better than what we have.Tom thought what a beautiful girl Mary was.whether與if在引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞的賓語從句時(shí),兩者一般可以互換,但在引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句以及作介詞賓語的賓語從句或后面直接跟or not時(shí),只能用whether。高中英語語法強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練(形容詞性從句和名詞性從句)()1.Do you still remember the chicken farm______we visited three months ago? A.where

B when C that D.what()2.Mary wrote an article on _____the team had failed to win the game.A.why

B what C.who D that()3.I have many friends,_______some are businessmen.A.of them B.from which

C.who of D.of whom()4.The poor young man is ready t accept______help he can get.A.whichever

B.however C.whatever D.whenever()5.As soon as he comes back ,I’ll tell him when_______and see him.A.you will come

B.will you come C.you come

D.do you come()6.–Why does she always ask you for help?

-There is no one else______,is there?

A.Who to turn to

B.she can turn to

C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn

()7.Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ____it is rough or smooth.A./ B whether C.how D.what

()8.Last month part of Southeast was struck by floods ,from______effedts the people are still suffering A.that B.whose C.those D.what

()9._______in the regulations that not tell other people the password of your email account.A.What is required

B.What requires

C.It is required

D.It requires()10.If a shop has chairs_____women can park their men ,women will spend more time isn the shop.A.that

B.which C.when D.where（）11.Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003,_____he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Studints’Union.A.during which time

B.for which time

C.during whose time

D.by that time()12.The old lady’s hand frepuently,.She explained to her doctor____this sharking had begun half a year before, and ____,only because of this ,she had been forced to give up her job.A.when ,how B.how ,when

C.how , when D.why, why()13,Some researchers beliver that there is no doubt______a cure for AIDS will be found.A.which B that C.what D whether()14,Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes_____ people were eaten by the tiger.A.in which B.by which C.which D.that()15.Mum is coming,What present______for your birthday? A.you expect she has got B you expect has she got C.do you expect she has got D.do you expect has she got()16.-Is that the small town you often refer to?

-Right ,just the one _____you know I used to work for years.A.that B.which C.where D what()17.Frank’s dream was to have his own shop____to produce the workings of his own hands.A.that B.in which C.by which D how()18.I was surprised by her words ,which made me recognize_____silly mistakes I had made.A.what B.that C.how D.how()19.Her sister has become a lawyer,____she wanted to be.A.who B that C.what D.which()20.The schools themseves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs_____they are being trained.A.in that B for that C.in which D.for which()21.The way he did it was different_____we were used to.A.in which B in whichC from what D.from which（）22.Jim passed the drining test,____surprised everybody in the office.A.which B.that C.this D.it

()23.Danby left woud with my secretary__________ he would call again in the afternoon.A.who B that C.as D.which()24.Great changes have taken place in that school ,It is no longer _____it was 20 years ago ,_____it was so poorly equipped.A.what , when

B.that , which

C.what, which

D.which ,that()25.The place ____the bridge is supposed to be built should be _____the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A.which ,where

B.at which ,which

C.at which ,where D.which ,in which()26.-Don’t you think it necessary that he ____in Miami but to New York?

-I agree ,but the problem is ____he has refused to.A.will not be sent , that B.not be sent ,that

C.should not besent, what D.should not send ,what()27.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _____he thought was not enough.A.where B.how C.what D.which()28.He was educated at a local grammat school,______he went ont to Cambridge.A.from which

B.after that C.after which D.from this()29.I walked in our garden, ____Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.A.which

B what C where D that()30.Do you have any idea _______is actually going on in the classroom ? A.that B what C as D.which()31.A fast food restaurant is the place ____,just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.A.which

B where C.there D what()32 The other day , my brother drove his car down the street at_____I thought was a mangerous speed.A.as B which C.what D.that()33.Along with the letter was his promise_______he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which

B that C.what D.whether()34 Luckily, we’d brought a road map without_________we would have lost our way.A.a B that

C.this

D which()35 You are saying that everyone should be equal ,and this is ____I disagree.A.why B where C.what D.how()36.We cannot figure out _____quite a number of insects ,birds ,and animals are dying out.A.that

B.as C.why D when()37.____is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It

B.As

B.That

D.What（）38.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____,of course , made the others envy him.A.who

B.that C what D which

()39.A modern city has been set up in ____was a wasteland ten years ago.A.what

B which

C that D where()40.American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____they can talk frequently.A.who B as C.about which D.with whom()41.After Yang Liwei succeeded in cireling the earth, ______our astuonauts desire to do is walk in space.A, where

B.what

C.that

D.how()42.A story goes _____Elicabeth I of England liked nothing more than being sur –rounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.when B.where C.what D.that()43.Anyway ,that evening,_____I’ll tell you more about later ,ended up staying at Bachel’s place.A.when

B.where C.what D which()44.I work in a business _____almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A.how B.which C.where D.that()45.I think Father would like to know _____I’ve been up to so far ,so I decide to send him him a quick note.A.which B why C what D.how

()46.What surprised me was what he said but ____he said it.A.the way B in the way that C.in the way D.the way which()47.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%____are sold abroad.A.of which B which of C.of them D.of that（）48._____is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.A.Which B When C.What D.As()49.The journey around the took the old sailor nine months, _____the sailing time was 226 days.A.of which

B.during which C.from which D for which()50There were dirty marks on her trousers_____she had wiped her hands.A.where

B.which C.when D.that()51.We living in age _______many are done on computer.A.which B.that C.whose D.when()52.______has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.A.That

B As C It

D What()53 I can think of many comes _____students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but can’t write a good essay.A.why B which C.us D.where()54.-Are you still thinking about tomorrow’s game?

-Oh, that’s ______.,A.what makes me feel excited

B whatever I feel excited about

C.how I feel about it

D.when I feel excited()55.It is pretty well understood____controls the the flow of caron dicxide in and out the almosphere today.A that

B when C what D how

()56.People have heard what the President has said ,they are waiting to see____he will do.A.how B.what C.when D.that()57.I read about it in some book or other, does it matter ___it was.A.where B what C.how D.which()58.-I think it's going to be a big problem.-Yes, it could be.-I wonder______we can do about it.A.if B how C.what D.that()59.___she couldn’t understand was _____fewer and fewer students showed interst in her lesson.A.What ,why

B.That, what

C.What , because D.Why ,that()60.There’s feeling in me ____we’ll never know a UFO is_______not ever.A.that

B.which C of which D.what()61.Perseverance is a kind of quality____and that’s ______it takes to do anything well.A.what

B.that C.which D.why()62.Information has been put forward_____more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B that C.when D.as()63.The film brought the back to me _____I was taken care of in that far-way village.A.until

B.that C.when D.where()64._____is known to everyone, the moon round the earth once every month.A.It B.As

C That D.What()65.John said he’d been workine in the for an hour ,_____was true.A.he B.this C.which D.who()66.Have you seen the film “Titanic”_____leading actor is world famous ?

A.its

B.it's

C.whose D.which

()67.He’s got himself into a dangerous situation_____he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why()68.A computer can only do _____you have instructed it to do.A.how

B.after

C.what D.when()69.He is the only one of the students who ______a winner of scholarship for three yearrs.A.is

B.are C.have been D.has been 參考答案：1-5 CADCA 6-10 BBBCD

11-15 ACBAC 16-20 CBADD 21-25 CABAC

26-30 BCCCB 31-35 BCBDB 36-40 CBDAD 41-45 BDDCC 46-50 AADAA 51-55 DBDAC 56-60 BDCAA 61-65 ABCBC 66-69 CACD

that 與what 的混用：

1.That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the

world.(錯(cuò)誤)What they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the

world.(正確)注：that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)本身沒有意義，也不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成分；而what則表示“什么”“……的東西或事情”，在從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語等。上句中的what 應(yīng)

充當(dāng)discuss的賓語。if 與whether的混用：

2.If we will visit the Great Wall tomorrow has not been decided yet.(錯(cuò)誤)Whether we will visit the Great Wall tomorrow has not been decided yet.(正確）注：if 與whether 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)往往可換，但在下面情況時(shí)常使用whether：作介詞的賓語時(shí)，見例①；在從句中提出兩種選擇時(shí)，見例②；從句提前時(shí)，見例③；引導(dǎo)主語從句，表語從句及同位語從句時(shí)，見例④。

①I worry about whether I hurt his feelings.②She wasn’t sure whether she should laugh or cry.③Whether he will come or not I don’t quite know.④What many people are worried about is whether we will be able to build a better

future.We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.that 與because 的混用: 3.(1)The reason why he was late for school was because he got up late.(錯(cuò)誤)The reason why he was late for school was that he got up late.(正確)⑵Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees

in recent years.(錯(cuò)誤)Why farmland here is being lost is because farmers have cut down too many trees in

recent years.(正確)注:reason作主語時(shí)引導(dǎo)的表語從句或why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)常用that不用

because.忽略連詞that: 4.These old languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to

the people in Britain.(錯(cuò)誤)That these old languages are now threatened and may disappear is a serious matter to the people in Britain.(正確)注：that在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)常常可省，但在下面情況時(shí)不可省去：賓語從句不止一個(gè)時(shí)，見例①；賓語從句與主句之間有插入語時(shí)，見例②；賓語從句為一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，見例③；引導(dǎo)主語從句，表語從句或同位語從句時(shí)，見例④。

①They complain(that)they have to work from morning till night, that it is hard to earn money, that they are bullied(欺負(fù))by the policemen, or that the corporation leaders are seated lazily and enjoy the fruits of others’work.②The teacher said, pleasantly and firmly , that we must overcome the difficulties.③We believe that if we work harder, I will pass the National College Entrance

Examination.④The trouble is that she has lost his address.（表語從句)Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct.15,2003.（同位語

從句）

no matter whowhatwhichhowwhere…與whoeverwhateverwhicheverhoweverwherever… 5.No matter who breaks the rules will be punished.（錯(cuò)誤)Whoever breaks the rules will be punished.（正確)注：whoever,whatever,whichever,however,wherever等連詞可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而no matter whowhatwhichhowwhere…只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從

句。例如，No matter how great the difficulty is, we ought to keep on.Or: However great the difficulty is, we ought to keep on.相似句型的混淆: 6.As is known to all that science plays an important part in the development of industry and agriculture.（錯(cuò)誤)As is known to all, science plays an important part in the development of industry and

agriculture.（正確)It is known to all that science plays an important part in the development of industry

and agriculture.（正確)注：as作為關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位于主句之前時(shí)，從句與主句之間要用逗號(hào)隔開。It作為形式主語將that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句后置時(shí)，that常常不能省