第一篇：英語廣告語篇的會話含義分析

英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費參考

最新英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，都是近期寫作 中西方婚禮習(xí)俗的差異 《黃鶴樓》五個英譯本的語義等值研究 3 試析《弗蘭肯斯坦》中的哥特風(fēng)格 Comparison of Chinese Lunar New Year and Western Christmas Day—from the Perspective of the Ways of Celebrations 5 An Analysis of the Ambivalent Character of Frederick Winterbourne in Daisy Miller 6 淺析《兒子與情人》中的戀母情結(jié) 7 論關(guān)聯(lián)理論對旅游資料英譯的指導(dǎo)意義 8 從文化視角下看中美家庭教育的差異 初中英語閱讀教學(xué)中存在的問題及對策研究 A Study on the Cross-Cultural Management in the Sino-American Joint-Venture Enterprises－－With Special Reference to Changan & Ford Motor Company 11 從文化角度談旅游翻譯 從跨文化交際中的語用失誤看中西文化差異 13 淺談跨文化視角下的英漢習(xí)語互譯 14 標(biāo)記信息結(jié)構(gòu)在字幕翻譯中的應(yīng)用 15 詩歌《飛鳥集》的意象評析 16 漢英“龍”文化淺析 Psychological Portrayal in an Epistolary Novel－－－－On Samuel Richardson’s Pamela 18 從生態(tài)女性主義視角解析托尼? 莫里森的《寵兒》 19 新聞英語標(biāo)題的特點和翻譯 20 析《苔絲》中的象征意義 英漢動物習(xí)語中隱喻用法的對比分析 22 英語專業(yè)學(xué)生課外網(wǎng)絡(luò)自主學(xué)習(xí)問題研究 23 丹尼爾·笛福的社會地位和魯濱遜漂流記 24 英語廣告的語言特點 Women in the Roaring Twenties– A Comparative Study of Female Characters in The Great Gatsby and The Sun Also Rises 26 口譯中的簡化與增補 伍爾夫的《到燈塔去》中的女性主義 On Symbolism in Fitzgerald’s “Winter Dreams”（開題報告+論文+文獻(xiàn)綜述）29 游戲在小學(xué)英語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)中的運用 《呼嘯山莊》和《遠(yuǎn)離塵囂》中女主人公的女性意識的對比 31 Etiquette and Protocol on Intercultural Business Negotiation 32 《時時刻刻》中女性自我構(gòu)建的研究 33 論中學(xué)英語互動教學(xué)

淺析《傲慢與偏見》中伊麗莎白的性格和婚姻觀 35 反思任務(wù)型教學(xué)在高中教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用 36 全身反應(yīng)教學(xué)法在兒童英語教學(xué)中的運用 37 從文體風(fēng)格談培根散文《論美》的翻譯 38 中國英語初探

女性的自我迷失與回歸—從女性主義視角解讀《蒂凡尼的早餐》(開題報告+論文)英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費參考

淺析美國俚語及其折射出的美國亞文化現(xiàn)象 漢語中英語借詞及其語言文化影響 商務(wù)演講中的跨文化障礙

影響大學(xué)生英語自主學(xué)習(xí)的因素研究 xx大學(xué)翻譯方向?qū)W生發(fā)展規(guī)劃

Effects of First Person Narration on Thematic Expression in Araby “同一性危機”——淺析漢娜的悲劇人生 從《嘉莉妹妹》看美國夢與道德觀

關(guān)聯(lián)理論視角下的文化負(fù)載詞翻譯研究——以《豐乳肥臀》英譯本個案為例 辯證論視域下神似與形似的相互關(guān)系研究 網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲?qū)η嗌倌甑挠绊?/p>

《希臘古甕頌》中的藝術(shù)和永恒之美

南方時代變遷中的勝利者與失敗者——《飄》中主要角色的性格與命運對比 “上”和“下”的意象圖式及概念映射 《達(dá)洛維夫人》死亡意識解讀

美中傳統(tǒng)文化對于其家庭教育的影響 從《蝴蝶夫人》到《蝴蝶君》的蛻變 英文電影中俚語的翻譯策略 《飄》中斯嘉麗人物性格分析

(日語系畢業(yè)論文)關(guān)于中日贊賞語的比較研究 漢英數(shù)字文化比較及其翻譯

An Embodiment of Virtue－－-A Moral Insight into the Image of Tess 論《雙城記》中卡登形象的塑造及其意義 從功能翻譯理論淺談公示語翻譯

艾麗絲?沃克《日用家當(dāng)》中的人物解讀 電影《阿甘正傳》影視分析

目的論指導(dǎo)下《頁巖》英譯漢中的詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯現(xiàn)象 外語學(xué)習(xí)中的個體差異

論簡?奧斯丁《理智與情感》中兩姐妹的成長 跨文化交際中英漢成語翻譯初探

The Interpretation to Captain Ahab in Moby Dick through Abnormal Psychology 旅游景點名翻譯的異化與歸化 中美婚姻價值觀對比

英漢“拉”類動詞的語義成分和詞化模式的對比分析 新聞英語標(biāo)題的特點和翻譯

論《亞瑟王之死》中的騎士精神

論教師的非語言行為在課堂教學(xué)中的作用

A Contrast of Two Chinese Versions of The Scarlet Letter The Linguistic Features of American Inaugural Address 廣告翻譯中的模因傳播 談電影片名漢譯的不忠

模糊語在國際商務(wù)談判中的語用功能研究 從跨文化角度對商標(biāo)名稱的研究 Cultural Differences and Translation 英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費參考

淺議英語語言中的委婉及其應(yīng)用

《基督山伯爵》與亞歷山大?大仲馬的金錢觀 86 淺談當(dāng)代大學(xué)生炫耀性消費文化 87 簡愛性格研究

On Sister Carrie’s Broken American Dream from the Perspective of Psychology 89 相同的追求，不同的命運——《紅樓夢》中的林黛玉和《傲慢與偏見》中的伊麗莎白比較

禮貌原則與中西文化的差異 91 仿擬在商業(yè)廣告中的應(yīng)用 92 英漢情感隱喻認(rèn)知對比分析

對《傲慢與偏見》中的婚姻觀重新解讀 94 影響中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的因素 95 中英身勢語中的文化差異

An Application of Schema Theory in Interpreting 97 語用模糊及語用功能

淺談中西方非言語交際中身勢語差異

論原聲電影對提高大學(xué)生英語聽說能力的作用 100 A Study of Nonverbal Communication 101 分析內(nèi)戰(zhàn)對《飄》中斯佳麗的影響 102 顏色詞的中英對比翻譯

Analysis on Moon Image in Lawrence’s Novels－－－－－－Industrialism and Chauvinism 104 扼殺在萌芽中的期許— “一小時里故事”中的女權(quán)渴望 105

An Analysis on Teacher Talk in EFL Classroom Context 107 解析電影《黑暗騎士》中的美國個人英雄主義 108 從狼人電影解析狼文學(xué)

從功能對等角度分析英文電影片名漢譯

美國猶太文化與傳統(tǒng)猶太文化的沖突——淺析《再見吧，哥倫布》 111 法律英語中的情態(tài)動詞shall的翻譯 112 論《飄》中思嘉麗的性格特征 113 英語中的漢語外來詞

An Analysis of Feminism in The Scarlet Letter 115 英語基本味覺詞“甜/苦”的隱喻機制 116 The Study of Symbolism in Moby Dick 117 從美學(xué)角度評張培基先生所譯散文“巷” 118 中西方商務(wù)禮儀的差異

Semantic Analysis of the Chinese Word of Bai and Its Translation Strategies 120 看翻譯中的文化因素 121 中美地下電影之比較研究

歸化與異化翻譯策略在英譯漢語菜名中的應(yīng)用 123 中西禮貌用語的語用對比研究 124 論瘋女人形象對小說簡愛所作貢獻(xiàn) 125 英語財經(jīng)報道中的詞匯銜接研究

Pragmatic Consciousness in College English Teaching 英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費參考

127

批評與重新解讀《日瓦戈醫(yī)生》

Error Analysis on English Writing by Senior High School Students 130 Approaching English Vocabulary Teaching—a Lexicological Perspective 131 Consumerism in The Great Gatsby 132 從懶和熵的視角論《去十九號房間》中蘇珊的罪 133 商務(wù)英語函電的語言特征及翻譯策略

東西方飲食文化差異之餐具比較——筷子和刀叉 135 Feasibility of Popularizing Bilingual Teaching 136 淺析中西價值觀差異對跨文化交際的影響及其解決方法 137 論《呼嘯山莊》中兩代人愛情模式的異同 138 《勸導(dǎo)》中安妮?艾略特的道德判斷

A Comparative Study on the Two Chinese Versions of Sense and Sensibility from the Perspective of Foreignization and Domestication 140 《傲慢與偏見》中的女性意識分析

非英語專業(yè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的動機和策略調(diào)查

An Analysis on Feminism from the Perspective of Music in Little Women 143 中西方災(zāi)難新聞差異性研究-文化與傳媒

A Paralysed Wilderness—The Appreciation and Analysis of Symbols in Araby 145 論英漢翻譯過程

商務(wù)合同英語的語言特征

高中英語寫作前口語活動設(shè)計與實施建議

The Impact of Loan Words on English Vocabulary 149 英語委婉語的特點及運用

漢英諺語中關(guān)于文化價值觀的比較

151 A Brief Study of Anti-female Bias in English 152 論《呼嘯山莊》中希斯克利夫的矛盾情感 153 從功能對等角度看公示語的翻譯 154 論英語稱謂語中的性別歧視

155 An Analysis of Humor and Satire in Mark Twain's The Million Pound Note 156 哥倫布和鄭和航海的對比研究——兩次航海所反映出的中西方文化差異 157 論《小婦人》中的美國清教思想

158 從《魯賓遜漂流記》看創(chuàng)新精神和知足長樂

159 《基督山伯爵》中大仲馬性格的顯現(xiàn)及其對主人公言語行為的影響 160 試析英語委婉語中的隱喻

161 Effects of First Person Narration on Thematic Expression in Araby 162 爵士時代美國東西部的差距在蓋茨比的人生悲劇中所扮演的角色 163 從心理分析的角度探索《馬販子的女兒》中主要人物的心理現(xiàn)象

164 A Comparative Study of American and Chinese Spatial Language in Business Negotiation 165 The Dilemma of Career Woman in The Millstone 166 英漢被動結(jié)構(gòu)對比研究

167 The Influences of the Bible on Some American Movies 168 淺談《傲慢與偏見》中奧斯汀的婚姻觀

169 東方主義視角下康拉德《黑暗的心臟》中西方殖民話語分析 英語專業(yè)全英原創(chuàng)畢業(yè)論文，是近期寫作，公布的題目可以用于免費參考

170 試析《到燈塔去》中的女性主義 171 《傲慢與偏見》中的婚姻觀

172 電影片段在中學(xué)英語教學(xué)中的運用 173 中英征婚廣告對比分析研究

174 The Strategies in C-E translation of Chinese Culturally-loaded Words 175 從《傲慢與偏見》的婚姻看婦女的社會地位 176 電影英文片名漢譯的原則

177 The Death of Willy Loman and the destruction of the American Dream 178 Cultural Elements in Chinese Film Subtitles and Their Translation Strategies 179 Saussure’s Five Contributions to Linguistic Study and Its Modern Applications 180 淺析簡?愛的反抗性格及其形成過程

181 Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening的三中譯本－－－－各譯作對原作忠實度的對比評析

182 和諧與沖突：弗羅斯特和陶淵明田園詩的比較研究 183 從追求走向幻滅與死亡——談馬丁?伊登的美國夢 184 苔絲形象淺析

185 Roberta’s Role in An American Tragedy

186 從歷屆美國總統(tǒng)訪華演說探討其對中國所傳遞的價值觀 187 從“動態(tài)對等”看品牌名的翻譯 188 論翻譯過程中的譯者主體性 189 從桑提亞哥看海明威的奮斗人生 190 淺析伍爾夫意識流小說中的敘事時間

191 談《傲慢與偏見》中伊麗莎白的女性主體意識

192 論英語被動語態(tài)的語篇功能及其翻譯策略—以《高級英語》第二冊為例 193 從《喜福會》透視中美文化沖突與融合

194 A Comparative Study of the Auspicious Culture in Wedding Custom between China and the West 195 Dickens’ Humanitarianism in The Two Cities 196 論苔絲悲劇命運的根源

197 英語廣告語篇的會話含義分析

198 An Analysis of Racism in Of Mice and Men 199 世紀(jì)美國男權(quán)社會下女性的成長——解讀《覺醒》中埃德娜的覺醒過程和原因 200 英語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)策略探析

第二篇：運用會話含義理論提高商務(wù)交際

論文摘要:根據(jù)格賴斯的“會話含義”理論,商務(wù)會話中常會出現(xiàn)違反“合作原則”的四條準(zhǔn)則的現(xiàn)象,在教學(xué)過程中運用會話含義理論是提高商務(wù)交際能力的有效途徑。

隨著國際經(jīng)濟文化交流日益頻繁,社會對商務(wù)英語人才的需求迅速增長。目前我國已有幾百所高校開設(shè)了商務(wù)英語專業(yè)或課程,對商務(wù)英語的教學(xué)研究已成為一項重要課題。

一、會話含義理論在商務(wù)英語教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用

商務(wù)英語作為專門用途英語,即ESP的一個分支,其快速發(fā)展是從20世紀(jì)50年代末、60年代初開始的,此時的西方語言學(xué)界正發(fā)生著深刻的變化。1967年美國著名的語言哲學(xué)家格賴斯(H.P.Grice)在哈佛大學(xué)作的三次學(xué)術(shù)報告中指出:在所有的語言交際活動中為了達(dá)到特定的目標(biāo),說話人和聽話人之間存在著一種默契,一種雙方都應(yīng)該遵守的原則,即會話的合作原則(cooperative principle)。他認(rèn)為,言語交際雙方都有相互合作、求得成功的愿望。為此,人們都遵守著某些合作原則,以求實現(xiàn)這個愿望,從而使談話得以順利進(jìn)行,使談話目標(biāo)得以實現(xiàn)。合作原則是由四條準(zhǔn)則構(gòu)成的:量準(zhǔn)則(quantity maxim)—所說的話應(yīng)包含交談目的所需要的信息;所說的話不應(yīng)超出所需要的信息。質(zhì)準(zhǔn)則(quality maxim)—不要說自知是虛假的話;不要說缺乏足夠證據(jù)的話。關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則(relevantmaxim)——要有關(guān)聯(lián),即話語要切題。方式準(zhǔn)則(man-ner maxim)——避免晦澀;避免歧義;簡練;井井有條。合作原則的四條準(zhǔn)則是人們在交談中大多遵守的規(guī)則。然而在實際交際中人們并不都嚴(yán)格遵守這些原則。如果在言語交際中說話人一方的話語在表面上違反了合作原則,那么,他可能是故意這樣做的,聽話人一方就要根據(jù)當(dāng)時的語境,推斷出說話人表面違反合作原則的目的,也就是要明白他表面違反合作原則的隱含意義。格賴斯把這種在言語交際中推導(dǎo)出來的隱含意義稱作“會話含義”(conversational implicature)。請看下面的例子:

A:What do you intend to do today?

B:I have a terrible headache.B沒有直接回答A的問題,而是說了一句表面上同A的問話毫無關(guān)系的話作為回應(yīng)。這是B故意違反了關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則,只說她頭痛,從而讓A明白,她今天不打算做任何事情。只要略加留意,我們便會發(fā)現(xiàn)會話含義是人們?nèi)粘捴幸粋€很普遍的現(xiàn)象。通常人們在口語交往過程中所表達(dá)的意義有兩種:一是說話人所說句子的字面意義;一是超越字面意義的隱含意義,即會話含義。如果談話的參與者都有把話繼續(xù)下去的愿望,那么聽話人就得借助談話人的常識、共有知識及推理能力來作語用分析,以理解對方的弦外之音。商務(wù)活動的最終目的是為了與他人成功地進(jìn)行交易,為達(dá)此目的談判者在會話過程中必然遵循合作的原則。在商務(wù)口語交際中,由于受當(dāng)時的交際環(huán)境、交際心態(tài)、交際對象以及交際語言等多種因素的影響,說話人常常會用違反合作原則的話語進(jìn)行交流。如果商務(wù)人員能夠運用一定的會話含義方面的理論,就可以透過對方話語的字里行間推導(dǎo)出其“會話含義”,以領(lǐng)會對方言外之意,使商務(wù)交際活動得以順利進(jìn)行。以下擬就商務(wù)英語會話中違反合作原則的現(xiàn)象予以探討,以期對商務(wù)英語教學(xué)及商務(wù)談判的順利進(jìn)行有所幫助。

(一)違反數(shù)量準(zhǔn)則

請看以下對話:

A:That’s our proposal.Please give your idea in de-tail·

B:I’m afraid that the proposal you put forward just now isn’t up too much·

在上述的對話中,B的答話顯然違反“量”方面的“所說的話應(yīng)包含交談所需的信息”這一準(zhǔn)則,因為B只是用少量而含糊的信息——“你剛才提到的方案不怎么樣”來回答A的提問。從而,可以推導(dǎo)出回答的含義:A的方案并不是最佳方案。在商務(wù)會話中,出于利益與禮貌等方面的考慮,談話者經(jīng)常用較少或含糊不清的信息來傳遞足夠的信息,并能對復(fù)雜的事物做出高效處理。

同樣的,在商務(wù)會話中,也有違反“量”方面的另一準(zhǔn)則“所說的話不應(yīng)超出所需的信息”。其特點是故意向?qū)Ψ教峁岸嘤唷钡男畔?使對方從多方位、多角度了解我方情況,以增強與我方進(jìn)行交易的信心。例如:

A:If your prices are favorable and if l can get thecommission I want,I will place the order right away·

B:I’m sure you’ll find our prices most favorable.Elsewhere prices for hardware have gone up tremendous-ly in recent years.Our prices haven’t changed much·

這里B的第一句話已提供了足夠的信息:從下面多余的話里中,我們可以推導(dǎo)出其含義:通過與其他地方的小五金價格比較,你肯定會發(fā)現(xiàn)我方的價格是很優(yōu)惠的,從而說服對方馬上定貨。

(二)違反質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則

違反質(zhì)的準(zhǔn)則就是言過其實。除了說謊,說話人多半會使用隱喻、反語、夸張等語用修辭手段來讓聽話人從中推導(dǎo)出他的隱含意義。在下列對話中,A公司代表團訪問B公司,A公司總經(jīng)理與B公司總經(jīng)理進(jìn)行了友好會談。會談后,A公司總經(jīng)理說:I am of theopinion that our meeting is fruitful,but there is only onepoint that I feel disappointed,what I feel disappointed isthat there is no single issue at all that needs debating be-tween our two companies·

A公司總經(jīng)理的表述不僅說到一半,戛然而止,而且正話反說,把兩公司之間“沒有任何分歧,看法完全一致”說成“而我只對一點感到失望”,這無疑是對“說真實的話”,“不說自知虛假的話”的“質(zhì)量”準(zhǔn)則是一種違反。然而,正是這種違反才產(chǎn)生了“會話含意”——會談成果豐碩,因此也更加烘托了兩公司會談友好融洽的氣氛。我們再來看一個商務(wù)口語教材中關(guān)于價格磋商方面的例子。

A:It’s not our price which as you said is low,butit’s your price which is too high·We’re climbing thehill,you know: and we’re doing that in a very difficultway;and we have made it.But you are just standingthere high up on the top not willing to descend.B:We’ve tried to get closer to you several times,and we’re halfway down the hill waiting for you already·

很顯然,雙方在這段會話中都采用了隱喻的修辭格,都是說話人有意違反會話的質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。由于對隱喻的使用和理解都牽涉到語境與背景知識等因素,即雙方曾就價格問題進(jìn)行過磋商,但都認(rèn)為對方的價格不合理:同時隱喻的使用是基于兩類事物間的類同之處——在價格上讓步就好比是上下山,因此,我們可以從話語的字面意義推導(dǎo)出會話含義,即為了成交合作,A曾很艱難地提高價格并希望B降價,而B也據(jù)理力爭,表示已幾度讓價并希望A接受目前的價格。由此可見,使用修辭格可以通過較含蓄的語言以達(dá)到更加強烈的語氣、更加生動的表達(dá)。

(三)違反關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則

在商務(wù)會話中,違反關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則是較為常見的現(xiàn)象。談話的一方常常通過說一些不相關(guān)的話題表達(dá)其語用含義,聽話的一方就要透過字面意思加以推測。如:

A:How do you find our offer?

B:I’m afraid you’re facing a stiff competition fromother suppliers·

對話中,A就其報價向B提出詢問,但B故意違背這一準(zhǔn)則,轉(zhuǎn)移話題說“恐怕你們正面臨與其他供應(yīng)商的激烈競爭”。這一違反的會話含義功能在于:避免直接問答A的問題,用一句幾乎無關(guān)聯(lián)的語言來表達(dá)他的言外之意:你們的報價太高了令人難以接受。再看下面的例子: A:How about the quality of your goods?

B:Well , We have exported our goods to over 4 0countries·

對話中,B并不直接回答A的問題,而是有意違反關(guān)聯(lián)準(zhǔn)則,其目的是為了讓A通過他所提供的事實去推導(dǎo)出“質(zhì)量好”的結(jié)論來。這樣的回答比直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f好更具有說服力,能更好地刺激客戶的購買欲。

(四)違反方式準(zhǔn)則

方式準(zhǔn)則要求說話要清楚明白,避免模糊和歧義。而在實際交談中,由于某些原因,人們常常會違反該準(zhǔn)則,使輸出的信息模糊化,做出富有彈性的回答。如:

A:When would you 1ike to visit our company?

B:I’ll certainly visit your company at an appropriatetime·

上例中,B的回答十分含糊,實際上是起了一種間接否定的作用。但同時又留有一定的余地,這顯然比直接拒絕顯得更為禮貌、得體。再如當(dāng)談到產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量時,我方談判人員認(rèn)為對方的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量不怎么樣,但又不好意思直說,便說道:Well,we know where you are a-bout the quality of your product.這里運用了“where youare”模糊性的語言,表面上是違反了方式準(zhǔn)則,實際上是避免把話說得太死,為談判留下必要的回旋余地。

二、在商務(wù)英語教學(xué)中運用會話含義理論提高商務(wù)交際能力

交際能力(communicative competence)是社會語言學(xué)家海姆斯(D.H.Hymes)于20世紀(jì)70年代針對喬姆斯基(Noam Chomsky)的“語言能力”(1inguistic compe-tence)這一概念的缺陷首次提出的。喬氏的語言能力指一個理想的操本族語者所內(nèi)在化了的語法規(guī)則。海姆斯認(rèn)為這一概念抽出了語言的社會文化特點,舍棄了語言的交際功能。因此,他采用了交際能力這一術(shù)語,把如何在社會環(huán)境中有效地、恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂谜Z言的能力包括了進(jìn)去。用海姆斯自己的話說,交際能力是“何時說,何時不說,以及關(guān)于何時、何地、以何方式與何人談何內(nèi)容”。具體地講,交際能力應(yīng)由四個部分組成:形式上的可能性、實施手段上的可行性、語境適應(yīng)性和現(xiàn)實中的實施情況。其中第一部分相當(dāng)于喬氏的“語言能力”,體現(xiàn)為語言形式上的準(zhǔn)確性,后三部分體現(xiàn)為具體情境中語言運用的得體性,常被通稱為語用能力。海姆斯的交際能力概念顯然是既包括喬氏的語言能力又包括語用能力,它對語言教學(xué)有著重要的啟示。

外語教學(xué)的過程應(yīng)是個培養(yǎng)語言交際能力的過程,尤其是培養(yǎng)語用能力的過程。這一點在商務(wù)英語教學(xué)中體現(xiàn)得尤為明顯。作為一種特殊用途英語,商務(wù)英語的教學(xué)目的不是單純的語言知識傳授,而是更側(cè)重語言實踐和交際技能培訓(xùn)。這就是說,商務(wù)英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生在掌握語音、詞匯、語法等關(guān)于語言系統(tǒng)方面知識的同時,更要學(xué)會在特定目標(biāo)語境中恰當(dāng)?shù)貙嵤└鞣N言語行為以獲得有效交際的能力。作為一門專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課,商務(wù)口語課的目的是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的口語能力——無論在商務(wù)會議、產(chǎn)品交易會或社交活動及商務(wù)談判中都能準(zhǔn)確傳遞有關(guān)參與各方的意思。口語教學(xué)不僅要求學(xué)生說得流暢,還要求掌握外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)知識,并在各種場合中恰如其分地應(yīng)用。經(jīng)貿(mào)口語的運用能力與談判的成功與否有著緊密的關(guān)系。從這些論述中,我們可以看到在商務(wù)口語教學(xué)中培養(yǎng)語用能力的必要性和重要性。

作為交際能力的一個主要組成部分,不少學(xué)者都認(rèn)為語用能力是指運用語言進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)、得體、準(zhǔn)確的交際能力,包括語言表達(dá)能力、語言理解能力和語境駕馭能力,而這三者是相互聯(lián)系,相互作用的。語言表達(dá)能力包括語言表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確性與得體性兩方面,在外語教學(xué)中廣后者比前者具有更為重大的意義。語言的理解是一個復(fù)雜的認(rèn)知心理過程,這種復(fù)雜性體現(xiàn)在言語交際受制于交際語境和社會、文化、人文因素,也體現(xiàn)在話語組織和選擇依賴于交際對象在特定交際環(huán)境中的語境假設(shè)能力和推理能力。同時,在言語交際中,交際雙方都不能缺乏駕馭語境的能力以及依賴語境進(jìn)行語用推理的能力。交際者必須準(zhǔn)確把握話語的承上啟下話輪關(guān)系和邏輯關(guān)系,分析交際雙方的身份、地位、社會文化背景和相互關(guān)系,了解雙方的不同認(rèn)知條件和前提等,才能對話語乃至整個交際作出準(zhǔn)確的理解,也只有這樣才能使交際雙方采取相應(yīng)的話語策略。

在商務(wù)會話中,聽話人應(yīng)在掌握合作原則及其準(zhǔn)則的前提下,根據(jù)說話時特定的商務(wù)語境以及雙方所共有某些知識,才能正確推斷出會話含義,以達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確理解所說話語的規(guī)約性內(nèi)容的目的。比如上文我們所舉的談話雙方運用隱喻等修辭手法違反質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則的例子,為使對方理解這些話語所表達(dá)的語用意義,交際雙方應(yīng)具有一定的背景知識,并能靈活駕馭和準(zhǔn)確把握語境。由此可見,語言理解能力是建立在對語境的語用駕馭能力之上的,而語言理解能力又會反過來促進(jìn)語言表達(dá)能力,使話語表達(dá)既合乎語法的一般規(guī)則,又合乎語用原則和語境需求。實際上,運用語用推理以正確理解會話對方話語中的交際意圖并能準(zhǔn)確、得體地傳達(dá)我方的商務(wù)信息,正是商務(wù)口語課程的教學(xué)目的所在。

綜上所述,在商務(wù)會話中,談判者若能運用會話含義理論去指導(dǎo)、判斷對方的“潛語言”,去領(lǐng)會、推導(dǎo)言外之意,就能使自己立于不敗之地,從而促使談判與交易的成功。由此可見,掌握一定的語用知識并能靈活地用于指導(dǎo)商務(wù)會話實踐活動是提高學(xué)生交際能力的有效途徑,也是成功地進(jìn)行商務(wù)活動的必備條件。

參考文獻(xiàn):

[1]胡庚申·國際科技商務(wù)談判:語言特點與言語技巧[J]·現(xiàn)代外語,1990(4):5-7·

[2]何自然·語用學(xué)與英語學(xué)習(xí)[M].上海:上海外語教育出版杜,1997·

[3]何自然,陳新仁.當(dāng)代語用學(xué)[M].北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2004·

[4]何兆熊·新編語用學(xué)概要[M].上海:上海外語教育出版杜,2000·

[5]林添湖·國際商務(wù)英語研究在中國[M]·廈門:廈門大學(xué)出版杜,1999·

[6]劉醒吾,陳 堅·經(jīng)貿(mào)英語口語[M]·北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版杜,1994·

第三篇：英語廣告語

篇一：英語廣告語譯文集錦 英語廣告語譯文集錦

1.time is what you make of it.(swatch)天長地久。（斯沃奇手表）& nbsp;2.make yourself heard.(ericsson)理解就是溝通。(愛立信）

3.engineered to move the human spirit.(mercedes-benz)人類精神的動力。（梅塞德斯-奔馳）

4.start ahead.(rejoice)成功之路，從頭開始。（飄柔）

5.a diamond lasts forever.(de bierres)鉆石恒久遠(yuǎn)，一顆永流傳。（第比爾斯）6.fresh-up with seven-up.(seven-up)提神醒腦，喝七喜。（七喜）7.intel inside.(intel pentium)給電腦一顆奔騰的“芯”。（英特爾 奔騰）8.connecting people.(nokia)科技以人為本。（諾基亞）9.for the road ahead.(honda)康莊大道。（本田）

10.let us make things better.(philips)讓我們做的更好。（飛利浦）11.enjoy coca-cola.(coca-cola)請喝可口可樂。（可口可樂）12.generation next.(pepsi)新的一代。（百事）

13.the relentless pursuit of perfection.(lexus)追求完美永無止境。（凌志汽車）15.feast your eyes.（pond?s cucumber eye treatment)滋潤心靈的窗戶。（龐氏眼貼片）16.focus on life.(olympus)瞄準(zhǔn)生活。（奧林巴斯）

17.behind that healthy smile,there ?s a crest kid.(crest toothpaste)健康笑容來自佳潔士。（佳潔士牙膏）

18.good to the last drop． 滴滴香濃，意猶未盡。（麥斯威爾咖啡）19.obey your thirst． 服從你的渴望。（雪碧）20.the new digital era． 數(shù)碼新時代。（索尼影碟機）21.we lead． others copy． 我們領(lǐng)先，他人仿效。（理光復(fù)印機）22.impossible made possible． 使不可能變?yōu)榭赡堋＃涯艽蛴C）23.take time to indulge． 盡情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌）

24.poetry in motion, dancing close to me． 動態(tài)的詩，向我舞近。（豐田汽車）

26.to me, the past is black and white，but the future is always color．....對我而言，過去平淡無奇；而未來，卻多姿多彩（軒尼詩酒）27.just do it.只管去做。（耐克運動鞋）28.ask for more.渴望無限。（百事流行鞋）29.the taste is great.味道好極了。（雀巢咖啡）30.feel the new space.感受新境界。（三星電子）31.iintelligence everywhere.智慧演繹，無處不在。（摩托羅拉手機）32.the choice of a new generation.新一代的選擇。（百事可樂）34.take toshiba, take the world.擁有東芝，擁有世界。（東芝電子）

35.no business too small, no problem too big.....沒有不做的小生意，沒有解決不了的大問題。（ibm公司）

36.good to the last drop． 滴滴香濃，意猶未盡。（麥斯威爾咖啡）37.obey your thirst． 服從你的渴望。（雪碧）38.the new digital era． 數(shù)碼新時代。（索尼影碟機）39.we lead．others copy． 我們領(lǐng)先，他人仿效。（理光復(fù)印機）40.impossible made possible． 使不可能變?yōu)榭赡堋＃涯艽蛴C）41.take time to indulge． 盡情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌）42.the relentless pursuit of perfection． 不懈追求完美。（凌志轎車）43.poetry in motion，dancing close to me． 動態(tài)的詩，向我舞近。（豐田汽車）

45.to me，the past is black and white，but the future is always color． 對我而言，過去平淡無奇；而未來，卻是絢爛繽紛。（軒尼詩酒）46.just do it.只管去做。（耐克運動鞋）47.ask for more.渴望無限。（百事流行鞋）48.the taste is great.味道好極了。（雀巢咖啡）49.feel the new space.感受新境界。（三星電子）50.intelligence everywhere.智慧演繹，無處不在。（摩托羅拉手機）51.the choice of a new generation.新一代的選擇。（百事可樂）54.let?s make things better.讓我們做得更好。（飛利浦電子）

55.no business too small, no problem too big.沒有不做的小生意，沒有解決不了的大問題。

56.life is a journey.enjoy the ride.生活就是一次旅行，祝您旅途愉快。（nissan 汽車）

57.life is a sport，drink it up.生活就是一場運動，喝下它。（gatorade 飲料）58.life is harsh，your tequila shouldn?t be.生活是苦澀的，而您的tequila 酒卻不是。（tequila 酒）

59.there?s life after sex.在性之外還有生活。（防止艾滋病公益廣告）

60.life is discovery.and we have directions to get you there.生活就是發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓我們?nèi)グl(fā)現(xiàn)吧。（wolderness 系統(tǒng)）

61.five feet nine inches in his socks.ten feet tall in his shoes.光腳身高五英尺九英寸。穿上“銳步”身高10英尺。（“銳步”運動鞋）

63.trying to do it all yourself doesn?t always make you look like a hero.所有重?fù)?dān)一肩挑并不會總使你像英雄一般。（金科專業(yè)辦公服務(wù)）

64.feel like a million for $970,000 less.it cost less than breakfast at the white house.少付了97萬美元，卻得道百萬美元的享受。它比白宮的一頓早餐還便宜。（梅塞德茲—奔馳汽車）

65.with our new e-ticket, all you have to bring is yourself.選用我們的e號機票，閣下不需攜帶任何東西，只要帶著自己。（british airways）

66.with our line，you detect the fish before the fish detects you.用我們的釣線，你可以在魚兒發(fā)現(xiàn)你之前先找到它。（約翰遜的釣具）67.make yourself heard.傾聽自我。（ericsson移動電話）68.just do it.跟著感覺走。(耐克運動鞋)69.ask for more.渴望無限。(百事流行鞋)70.obey your thirst.服從你的渴望。(雪碧)71.feel the new space.感受新境界。(三星電子)72.focus on life.瞄準(zhǔn)生活。(奧林巴斯相機)73.good to the last drop.滴滴香濃,意猶未盡。(麥?zhǔn)峡Х?74.a kodak moment.就在柯達(dá)一刻。(柯達(dá)膠卷)75.started ahead.成功之路,從頭開始。(飄柔洗發(fā)水)76.make yourself heard.理解就是溝通。(愛立信手機)77.intelligence everywhere.智慧演繹,無處不在。(摩托羅拉手機)78.the choice of a new generation.新一代的選擇。(百事可樂)80.the relentless pursuit of perfection.不懈追求完美。(凌志轎車)81.poetry in motion, dancing close to me.動態(tài)的詩,向我舞近。(豐田汽車)82.where there is a way, there is a toyota.有路就有豐田車.(豐田汽車)83.lets make things better.讓我們做得更好。(飛利浦電器)84.good teeth, good health.牙齒好,身體就好。(高露潔牙膏)85.cant beat the real thing.擋不住的誘惑。(可口可樂)86.things go better with coco-cola.(coco-cola)飲可口可樂，萬事如意。(可口可樂)87.tides in, dirts out.汰漬到,污垢逃。(汰漬洗衣粉)88.apple thinks different.蘋果電腦,不同凡“想”。(蘋果電腦)89.not all cars are created equal.并非所有的汽車都有相同的品質(zhì)。(三菱汽車)90.anything is possible.沒有不可能的事。(東芝電子)91.take toshiba, take the world.擁有東芝，擁有世界。（東芝電子）92.our wheels are always turning.我們的車輪常轉(zhuǎn)不停。(五十鈴汽車)93.the world smiles with readers digest.《讀者文摘》給全世界帶來歡笑。(《讀者文摘》)94.nobody is perfect.沒有一個人的身材是十全十美的。(苗條健身器材)95.the globe brings you the world in a single copy.一冊在手,縱覽全球。(《環(huán)球》雜志)96.live well, snack well.美好生活離不開香脆的餅干。(斯耐克威爾士餅干)98.the new digital era.數(shù)碼新時代。(索尼影碟機)99.money is not everything.there?s mastercard & visa.鈔票不是萬能的，有時還需要信用卡。

100.one should love animals.they are so tasty.每個人都應(yīng)該熱愛動物，因為它們很好吃。

101.love the neighbor.but don?t get caught.要用心去愛你的鄰居，不過不要讓她的老公知道。

102.behind every successful man，there is a woman.and behind every unsuccessful man，there are two.每個成功男人的背后都有一個女人，每個不成功男人的背后都有兩個女人。

103.every man should marry.after all，happiness is not the only thing in life.再快樂的單身漢遲早也會結(jié)婚，幸福不是永久的嘛。

105.success is a relative term.it brings so many relatives.成功是一個相關(guān)名詞，他會給你帶來很多不相關(guān)的親戚(聯(lián)系)。

106.never put off the work till tomorrow what you can put off today.不要等明天交不上差再找借口，今天就要找好。

107.love is photogenic.it needs darkness to develop.愛情就象照片，需要大量的暗房時間來培養(yǎng)。

108.children in backseats cause accidents.accidents in backseats cause children.后排座位上的小孩會生出意外，后排座位上的意外會生出小孩。

109.“your future depends on your dreams.” so go to sleep.“現(xiàn)在的夢想決定著你的將來”，所以還是再睡一會吧。

110.there should be a better way to start a day than waking up every morning.應(yīng)該有更好的方式開始新一天，而不是千篇一律的在每個上午都醒來。

111.“hard work never kills anybody.but why take the risk？” 努力工作不會導(dǎo)致死亡！不過我不會用自己去證明。

112.“work fascinates me.” i can look at it for hours！工作好有意思耶！尤其是看著別人工作。

113.god made relatives；thank god we can choose our friends.神決定了誰是你的親戚，幸運的是在選擇朋友方面他給了你留了余地。篇二：著名英語廣告語 著名的英語廣告語

1． good to the last drop． 滴滴香濃，意猶未盡。（麥斯威爾咖啡）2． obey your thirst． 服從你的渴望。（雪碧）

3． poetry in motion，dancing close to me． 動態(tài)的詩，向我舞近。（豐田汽車）4.just do it.只管去做。（耐克運動鞋）5.feel the new space.感受新境界。（三星電子）6.intelligence everywhere.智慧演繹，無處不在。（摩托羅拉手機）7.the choice of a new generation.新一代的選擇。（百事可樂）我們集大成，您聯(lián)絡(luò)世界。（三菱電工）9.take toshiba, take the world.擁有東芝，擁有世界。（東芝電子）

10.no business too small, no problem too big.沒有不做的小生意，沒有解決不了的大問題。（ibm公司）

11.join ｗorldenglish，enjoy ｅnglishworld.(新世界國際英語)國際英語, 歡樂無限。

12.impossible is nothing(adidas)一切皆有可能！

物有其本，事有其源。

14.buy australia, buy you a job.(澳大利亞)買澳大利亞貨，給你買份工作．

15.one world, one dream.(北京奧運會)同一個世界,同一個夢想.16.we lead． others copy． 我們領(lǐng)先，他人仿效。（理光復(fù)印機）17.impossible made possible． 使不可能變?yōu)榭赡堋＃涯埽?8.take time to indulge． 盡情享受吧！（雀巢）

19.the relentless pursuit of perfection． 不懈追求完美。（凌志轎車）光臨風(fēng)韻之境——萬寶路世界。（萬寶路）

21.to me，the past is black and white，but the future is always color． 對我而言，過去平淡無奇；而未來，卻一直是彩色的（軒尼詩酒）22.ask for more.渴望無限。（百事）

23.lets make things better.讓我們做得更好。（飛利浦電子）

24.time is what you make of it.(swatch)天長地久。（斯沃奇手表）

25.make yourself heard.(ericsson)理解就是溝通。(愛立信）

26.engineered to move the human spirit.(mercedes-benz)人類精神的動力。（梅塞德斯-奔馳）

27.fresh-up with seven-up.(seven-up)提神醒腦，喝七喜。

28.connecting people.(nokia)科技以人為本。（諾基亞）

29.for the road ahead.(honda)康莊大道。

30.the relentless pursuit of perfection.(lexus)追求完美永無止境。（凌志汽車）32.focus on life.(olympus)瞄準(zhǔn)生活。（奧林巴斯）

33.the new digital era.數(shù)碼新時代。

34.a diamond is forever.鉆石恒久遠(yuǎn),一顆永流傳.35.every time a good time 更多歡笑更多歡樂就在麥當(dāng)勞

36.man always remember love because of romantic only！（marlboro）男人只記住浪漫的愛情！（萬寶路）

37.seeing is not believing(hollywood)視覺創(chuàng)新影（好萊塢）

38.world in hand , soul in cyber.(microsoft)掌中乾坤, 夢之靈魂。（微軟）

39.english means science, english means peace.（english）英語意味著科技, 英語意味著和諧。40.intelligence everywhere.智慧演繹，無處不在。（摩托羅拉手機）

著名的英語愛情廣告語 new love is brightest, long love is greatest, short love is harmest, revived love is tenderest, ture love is purest.(love)新戀的愛情最興高采烈，長久的愛情最崇高偉大,強迫的愛情最骯臟不堪,短暫的愛情最刻骨銘心,復(fù)蘇的愛情最嬌嫩鮮艷,真正的愛情最純潔無暇。（愛情）think different.另類思考／不同凡想(apple電腦)in search of excellence.(buick)志在千里!(別克轎車)obey your thirst． 服從你的渴望。（雪碧）

painting is silent poetry,and poetry is a speaking picture.畫是無聲的詩，詩是有聲的畫。（詩畫）better than the best.絕世佳品（萬能英語廣告語）

construction is solidified art, art is flowing construction.建筑是凝固的藝術(shù)，藝術(shù)是流動的建筑。（藝術(shù)建筑）

it`s not enough that we do our best, we have to do what`s required.人盡其力，力盡其能。（榮威轎車）give up to give-up.永不言敗。（有志者）

the proof of gold is fire；the proof of woman ,gold;the proof of man , a woman.檢驗黃金者 爐火，檢驗女人者 黃金，檢驗?zāi)腥苏?女人。（富蘭克林）one boy is boy,two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一子養(yǎng)老,二子分擔(dān),三子無子。(計劃生育)connecting people ,nokia.---匯聚你我，諾基亞．

give me somewhere to stand, and ill move the earth.（archimedes）一個支點，成功起點。（阿基米德）

尊貴人生 大師隨行(奧迪a8)a light heart lives long.心寬壽長。（王國棟）delighting you always.——canon 1 % inspiration is bigger than 99 % perspiration.(genius)靈感一閃勝于勞碌一生。（天才）

where there is marriage without love, there is love without marriage.有姻無愛，就會愛無姻（情人）lover）（篇三：著名產(chǎn)品英文廣告詞 經(jīng)典英文廣告詞（1）

1．good to the last drop.滴滴香濃，意猶未盡。（麥斯威爾咖啡）2．obey your thirst.服從你的渴望。（雪碧）3．the new digital era.數(shù)碼新時代。（索尼影碟機）4．we lead others copy.我們領(lǐng)先，他人仿效。（理光復(fù)印機）5．impossible made possible.使不可能變?yōu)榭赡堋＃涯艽蛴C）6．take time to indulge.盡情享受吧！（雀巢冰激凌）

7．the relentless pursuit of perfection.不懈追求完美。（凌志轎車）8．poetry in motion, dancing close to me.動態(tài)的詩，向我舞近。（豐田汽車）10．to me, the past is black and white, but the future is always color.對我而言，過去平淡無奇；而未來，卻是絢爛繽紛。（軒尼詩酒）11．just do it.只管去做。（耐克運動鞋）12．a(chǎn)sk for more.渴望無限。（百事流行鞋）13．the taste is great.味道好極了。（雀巢咖啡）14．feel the new space.感受新境界。（三星電子）15．intelligence everywhere.智慧演繹，無處不在。（摩托羅拉手機）16．the choice of a new generation.新一代的選擇。（百事可樂）18．take toshiba, take the world.擁有東芝，擁有世界。（東芝電子）19．lets make things better.讓我們做得更好。（飛利浦電子）

20．no business too small, no problem too big.沒有不做的小生意，沒有解決不了的大問題。（ibm公司）經(jīng)典英文廣告詞（2）

1.just do it.跟著感覺走。(耐克運動鞋)2.ask for more.渴望無限。(百事流行鞋)3.obey your thirst.服從你的渴望。(雪碧)4.feel the new space.感受新境界。(三星電子)5.focus on life.瞄準(zhǔn)生活。(奧林巴斯相機)6.good to the last drop.滴滴香濃,意猶未盡。(麥?zhǔn)峡Х?7.a kodak moment.就在柯達(dá)一刻。(柯達(dá)相紙 / 膠卷)8.started ahead.成功之路,從頭開始。(飄柔洗發(fā)水)9.make yourself heard.理解就是溝通。(愛立信手機)10.intelligence everywhere.智慧演繹,無處不在。(摩托羅拉手機)11.the choice of a new generation.新一代的選擇。(百事可樂)13.the relentless pursuit of perfection.不懈追求完美。(凌志轎車)14.poetry in motion, dancing close to me.動態(tài)的詩,向我舞近。(豐田汽車)15.lets make things better.讓我們做得更好。(飛利浦電器)16.good teeth, good health.牙齒好,身體就好。(高露潔牙膏)17.cant beat the real thing.擋不住的誘惑。(可口可樂)18.tides in, dirts out.汰漬到,污垢逃。(汰漬洗衣粉)19.apple thinks different.蘋果電腦,不同凡“想”。(蘋果電腦)20.not all cars are created equal.并非所有的汽車都有相同的品質(zhì)。(三菱汽車)22.our wheels are always turning.我們的車輪常轉(zhuǎn)不停。(五十鈴汽車)23.the world smiles with readers digest.《讀者文摘》給全世界帶來歡笑。(《讀者文摘》)24.nobody is perfect.沒有一個人的身材是十全十美的。(苗條健身器材)25.the globe brings you the world in a single copy.一冊在手,縱覽全球。(《環(huán)球》雜志)26.live well, snack well.美好生活離不開香脆的餅干。(斯耐克威爾士餅干)28.no business too small, no problem too big.沒有不做的小生意,沒有解決不了的大問題。(ibm公司)廣告英語詞匯匯總 a advertising廣告 廣告活動 ads 廣告物

account executive 客戶主管 account 客戶項目

account planning 客戶策劃 account services 客戶部 account service 客戶服務(wù) art director美術(shù)指導(dǎo)

advertising campaign 廣告活動 advertising agency 廣告代理商

4a(american association of advertising agencies)美國廣告代理商協(xié)會

above-the-line advertising 線上廣告。廣告代理商能從媒介獲得代理費的廣告 regulatory matters廣告規(guī)章和法規(guī) agency profit management利潤管理 advertising department 廣告部 airport advertising 機場廣告 appeal 訴求

area sampling 區(qū)域抽樣

audience 受眾。接受廣告的公眾，也就是廣告的對象 audience share 受眾份額

audio-visual advertising 視聽廣告

audit bureau of circulation 銷數(shù)審計局。1914年始創(chuàng)于美國（簡稱abc）animation 動畫

advertising letter 或 sales letter廣告函 b bid廣告競標(biāo)

target market目標(biāo)市場 brand image品牌印象

below-the-line advertising 線下廣告

除線上廣告以外的各種廣告形式。如促銷廣告(sales promotion advertising)購物點廣告(p.o.p advertising)，直接郵遞廣告(direct mail advertising)，還包括舉辦展覽會(exhibition)和發(fā)起某項活動(sponsorship)等。billboard advertising 路牌廣告 brand advertising 品牌廣告 brand loyalty品牌忠誠度 brand preference 品牌偏好 brand insistence 品牌堅持 brand name 產(chǎn)品名稱

buyer’s market 買方市場 banner 橫幅廣告

brand share 品牌占有率，亦稱為市場份額（market share）budget 廣告預(yù)算

銷售額百分率法（percentage of sales method）目標(biāo)和任務(wù)法（objective and task method）

dagmar理論（define advertising goals for measured advertising results）bus stop pillar advertising 站牌廣告

bus stop shelter advertising 候車停廣告 button按鈕

bulk discount數(shù)量折扣 booklet 或brochure小冊子（dm）banner or streamer橫幅 c chief executive officer首席執(zhí)行官 client客戶copywriter廣告文案 creative department創(chuàng)意部 creative director創(chuàng)意總監(jiān) catalog目錄（dm）clicks 點擊次數(shù)

click rate廣告被點擊的次數(shù)與廣告收視次數(shù)的比率。即click/impression.如果這個頁面出現(xiàn)了一萬次，而網(wǎng)頁上的廣告的點擊次數(shù)為五百次，那么點擊率即為 5%.目前，亞太區(qū)的點擊率平均為 1.5%。點擊率可以精確地反映廣告效果，也是網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣告吸引力的一個標(biāo)志 closing date媒介截稿日期 closing time截稿時間

cpm(cost per thousand impression)千人成本：即廣告主購買1000個廣告收視次數(shù)的費用或者是廣告被1000人次看到所需的費用。比如說一個廣告 banner 的單價是/cpm的話，意味著每一千個人次看到這個banner的話就收，如此類推，10，000 人次訪問的主頁就是。coordination內(nèi)部協(xié)調(diào) cash discount現(xiàn)金折扣 d demands 需求

demonstration 演示

diary survey 日記本調(diào)查 direct mail(dm)直接郵遞 如信件（letter）、傳單（leaflet）、訂購單（orderform），郵寄品junk mail direct mail(dm)advertising 直接郵遞廣告

direct-response advertising 直接反應(yīng)廣告

direct response advertising agency直接反應(yīng)（直效）廣告代理商 off-the-page offer設(shè)計報紙夾頁廣告 discount 折扣

頻度折扣（frequencydiscount）domestic market 國內(nèi)市場

duplicated audience 重復(fù)受眾，或稱“重迭受眾”（overlapping audience）e exchange advertising 交換廣告

兩種或兩種以上的廣告媒介，互為對方發(fā)布廣告而不產(chǎn)生廣告費用的往來的廣告。廣告刊登地位要平等互換。如在期刊中刊登報刊上的廣告，同時在報刊上刊登期刊中的廣告，雙方按各自廣告價目確定廣告地位，不再支付廣告費。export advertising 出口廣告

為出口商品所作的廣告宣傳，刊登在商品進(jìn)口國的廣告媒介中刊登。出口廣告前必須進(jìn)行市場和媒介的調(diào)查，了解有關(guān)國家的廣告管理條例和廣告業(yè)的慣例以及當(dāng)?shù)孛褡宓奈幕瘋鹘y(tǒng)和風(fēng)俗。這類廣告的文稿撰寫要符合當(dāng)?shù)厝说恼Z言習(xí)慣和心理特征。f frequency 一個瀏覽者看到同一個廣告的次數(shù) frequency 頻率。在一段時間內(nèi)廣告播出的次數(shù)

full service advertising agency 全面服務(wù)廣告代理商 fixed day 指定日期。指定的發(fā)布廣告的日期或時間 free advertising 免費廣告

free-standing insert advertisement 夾頁廣告 g gift advertising 贈品廣告

以贈品為號召促進(jìn)產(chǎn)品銷售的廣告。贈送樣品（sample）的廣告，也可以歸入這個范疇。global brand 全球品牌

在世界各處使用同一名稱、同一商標(biāo)設(shè)計的商品，如美國的可口可樂等。h hard-sell advertising 硬銷售廣告

以銷售服務(wù)為中心的廣告，明確闡述自己的立場，宣傳內(nèi)容為產(chǎn)品本身及促銷努力，意在激發(fā)消費者的購買欲望，并使這種欲望付諸實施。i image advertising 形象廣告

impact advertising 有沖擊力的廣告 inadequate advertising 不適當(dāng)廣告

impression 廣告的收視次數(shù)。counter(計數(shù)器)上的統(tǒng)計數(shù)字即該網(wǎng)頁的impression inflight advertising 飛行中廣告

在飛行時向乘客提供的各種娛樂及服務(wù)項目發(fā)布的廣告，如廣播、電視新聞短片及贈送廣告

第四篇：廣告語篇的態(tài)度理論分析

廣告語篇的態(tài)度理論分析

摘 要：廣告語篇是一種特殊的語體，是由可識別的出資人通過各種媒介進(jìn)行的有關(guān)商品的，通常是有償?shù)摹⒕C合的和勸服性的人員信息傳播活動，旨在推銷和宣?髕洳?品。評價理論是研究語篇人際意義的一個理論框架。它的建立和發(fā)展使系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)對人際意義的研究更加系統(tǒng)和全面。本文將評價理論應(yīng)用于廣告語篇分析，揭示廣告語篇的語言特點和規(guī)律，以期給予廣告商一定的啟發(fā)，從而創(chuàng)作出更吸引消費者的廣告語。

關(guān)鍵詞：廣告語篇；評價理論；協(xié)商態(tài)度

一、概念介紹

近些年，語言學(xué)家越來越關(guān)注語言的人際意義，在《功能語法入門》中，韓禮德按語篇、人際和概念意義的順序展開論述，并把對人際意義的討論集中在語氣和情態(tài)方面。馬丁對于評價理論的定義是語篇中所協(xié)商的各種態(tài)度、所涉及的情感強度，以及表明價值和聯(lián)盟讀者的各種方式。廣告就是一種面向公眾介紹商品、服務(wù)內(nèi)容或文體娛樂節(jié)目等內(nèi)容的宣傳方式。廣告的主要媒介是電視、廣播、網(wǎng)絡(luò)和廣告牌等。廣告的目的是推銷產(chǎn)品，所以它的語言具有鼓動性，并帶有很強的說服力。人的價值觀念和生活方式都會受到廣告的影響，因此廣告語篇集合了多種語篇功能特點，它具有各種特征，如人際功能、態(tài)度功能、協(xié)商功能等。廣告的目的和特點決定了廣告語言的特點，廣告商會選取新穎和褒義的詞匯、簡潔巧妙的語句和生動的修辭來吸引消費者，從而拉攏消費者，使消費者產(chǎn)生購買欲望，從而達(dá)到營銷目的。

二、語料選取

隨著中國經(jīng)濟的快速增長和汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，汽車家庭化的步伐越來越快。越來越多的國外汽車生產(chǎn)商都很看重中國巨大的潛在市場。為了搶占中國市場，國內(nèi)外汽車生產(chǎn)商都使出了渾身解數(shù)。廣告無疑是營銷環(huán)節(jié)最重要的一個部分。因此，如何能夠更快更直接地吸引消費者成為了他們的重要任務(wù)。基于這樣的背景本文選取了一則汽車廣告作為分析語料，從而挖掘出廣告商推銷自己產(chǎn)品的方式。語料如下。

“The best car built in America just got better… A Lot Better”

The New Camry Better Than Ever.Three years ago Automobile Magazine Called Camry “the best car built in America.” The all new Camry has just improved on the accomplishment.Starting with a choice of more powerful engines and a refined suspension，the new Camry is even more responsive.Advanced sound-absorbing composites are strategically placed in more locations to help reduced noise and make it even quieter.A reinforced passenger cabin is designed to help disperse the energy of an impact and combines with dual air bags to help protect and reassure.While available traction control and anti-lock Brake System help in avoiding the unforeseen.All which are just some of the hundreds of improvements and refinements that make the new Camry even smoother，quieter and more powerful.“美國最好的汽車又有突破”

最好的全新凱美瑞

三年前，汽車雜志把凱美瑞稱為“美國最好的汽車”。全新凱美瑞在此基礎(chǔ)上又有突破。首先是強勁的動力和完善的懸掛系統(tǒng)，全新凱美瑞無可挑剔。先進(jìn)的隔音材料最大限度的降噪。全新的駕駛室設(shè)計，以及雙安全氣囊既可以減少沖擊，又能保證安全。傳動控制以及防抱死系統(tǒng)可以減少意外的發(fā)生。這些僅僅是數(shù)以百計改進(jìn)中的幾點，但足以讓全新凱美瑞更加舒適、安靜和強勁。

三、態(tài)度分析

（一）理論介紹

功能語法中已經(jīng)有關(guān)于人際功能的詞匯語法手段的詳細(xì)描述，其中包括言語功能的論述、信息與物品和服務(wù)的區(qū)分，主語和限定詞的人際功能、歸一度和情態(tài)、人際隱喻、評論型附加語、態(tài)度修飾詞等。但評價理論將韓禮德功能語法中關(guān)于態(tài)度的零散討論更加系統(tǒng)化，提出了新的理論框架。在湯普森看來，評價是任何語篇意義的一個核心部分，同時任何一個語篇的人際意義分析都離不開評價。

評價理論討論的是語篇或說話人表達(dá)、協(xié)商、自然化特定主體間的關(guān)系，以及意識形態(tài)的語言資源。評價理論可以被劃分為三大范疇：態(tài)度、介入和極差。態(tài)度包含的是各種價值，是說話者用來判斷，以及把情緒和情感反應(yīng)與參與者和過程練習(xí)起來的紐帶。態(tài)度系統(tǒng)又可以進(jìn)一步被細(xì)化為：情感、判定和鑒別。介入是用來衡量說話人對于所說問題或者語篇中各種命題和主張的關(guān)系。說話者通過介入來表達(dá)自己對所述話題的立場。分級就是對于所述話題或者語篇的強度加強或者減弱，它是一個強度分級，是高與低的連續(xù)體，因此，分級貫穿著整個評價系統(tǒng)，同時也是對人際意義的潤色。

（二）態(tài)度分析

從結(jié)構(gòu)上來看，這兩則汽車廣告符合廣告語篇的特點：簡潔精煉，并沒有使用比較復(fù)雜的句式。從句式角度，廣告中沒有以人做主語的句子，從而避免了讓消費者覺得是某人的主觀描述在影響和左右著他們對車的判斷。同時廣告中的句子大部分都是被動語態(tài)，給消費者留下了一個以客觀描述為主的印象，以此來拉攏消費者。此廣告的目的旨在說明凱美瑞汽車如何在質(zhì)量上更上一層樓。

首先，我們從態(tài)度系統(tǒng)中的情感角度來分析。情感子系統(tǒng)關(guān)注的是情緒的表達(dá)。而廣告語篇應(yīng)力爭避免讓消費者感知到廣告商或者生產(chǎn)商是在用自己的情緒來影響消費者。所以在廣告語篇中，我們很少會發(fā)現(xiàn)會有廣告商和生產(chǎn)商個人情感色彩的詞，如happy，sad，joyful等詞匯。在這則廣告中，只出現(xiàn)了一個詞“determined”，用以描述廣告商和生產(chǎn)商對產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的重視程度，以此來獲取消費者的信任。其次，我們來關(guān)注判定子系統(tǒng)，它關(guān)注的是對人類行為的肯定或否定的評價意義。在這則廣告中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一些描述汽車零件或者性能的詞匯，如：“improved，accomplishment，responsive，advanced，reinforced，help，improvements”。這些詞匯都積極、正面地肯定了該汽車的設(shè)計、零部件和性能等方面的提升和改進(jìn)。通過這些詞匯，廣告商和生產(chǎn)商試圖塑造一個質(zhì)量上乘的產(chǎn)品品質(zhì)形象。態(tài)度系統(tǒng)中第三個子系統(tǒng)是鑒別，它包含了屬于美學(xué)范疇的價值。在這則廣告中，我們找到了積極評價詞匯，如“best，better，new，refined，refinements，smoother，quieter and more powerful”。從這些詞匯中，消費者可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該品牌汽車質(zhì)量的提升，為購買打下了基礎(chǔ)。

四、結(jié)語

通過分析我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，廣告商的目的是要把汽車推銷出去（說服消費者購買），所以采取了一定的廣告策略。文中引用的?V告把重點放在產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量上，所以使用了較多的鑒賞類詞匯，以積極正面地描述汽車的設(shè)計、零部件和性能，來吸引消費者。

評價系統(tǒng)作為人際意義的重要組成部分，可以應(yīng)用于各種類型的語篇分析中。評價理論關(guān)注的是語篇中各種可以協(xié)商的態(tài)度，這一點在廣告語篇中表現(xiàn)得尤為突出。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]Halliday，M.A K.An Introduction to Functional Grammar[M].北京：外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，2000.[2]胡壯麟，朱永生，張德祿，李戰(zhàn)子.系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)概論[M].北京：北京大學(xué)出版社，2005.[3]黃國文.語篇分析的理論與實踐[M].上海：上海外語教育出版社，2001.[4]李戰(zhàn)子.評價理論：在話語分析中中的應(yīng)用和問題[J].外語研究，2004（5）.[5]楊信章.語篇中的評價性手段[J].外語與外語教學(xué)，2003（1）.

第五篇：石油工程英語現(xiàn)場會話

石油工程英語現(xiàn)場會話 內(nèi)容提要

隨著國內(nèi)、外鉆井市場的不斷拓展，國外鉆井和國內(nèi)反承包鉆井服務(wù)對既懂專業(yè)技術(shù)又會專業(yè)英語的工程技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人的需求不斷增加，而目前我國石油工程技術(shù)人員專業(yè)英語的對話能力存在不足，在實施鉆井作業(yè)過程中常常由于語言障礙，使得甲、乙雙方工程技術(shù)人員；技術(shù)工人和當(dāng)?shù)毓凸こ霈F(xiàn)交流困難，導(dǎo)致作業(yè)施工不暢，雙方合作難盡人意。鑒于上述原因，本書作者借助在國外鉆井隊、項目組從事多年現(xiàn)場翻譯的工作經(jīng)驗，特別是同甲方現(xiàn)場監(jiān)督和當(dāng)?shù)毓凸さ膮f(xié)同工作經(jīng)驗，精心編寫了以鉆井作業(yè)現(xiàn)場為背景的石油工程英語情景會話。本書約40萬字，分9個場景分別對鉆井作業(yè)的施工過程進(jìn)行全方位的描述，包括基礎(chǔ)英語、鉆前工程、井間搬遷、甲方HSE官員和監(jiān)督的開鉆驗收、鉆井施工作業(yè)、固井施工作業(yè)、完井施工作業(yè)、錄井施工作業(yè)、井控作業(yè)（理論）等情景會話（90%為對話），具有很強的針對性及實用性，對已在國外工作的、即將赴國外工作的或在國內(nèi)反承包鉆井作業(yè)中的工程技術(shù)人員和技術(shù)工人均有幫助。通過對本書的學(xué)習(xí)，掌握書中對話，能夠較好地、很快地適應(yīng)現(xiàn)場作業(yè)工作。

本書對石油院校的在校生也大有幫助，通過學(xué)習(xí)、了解書中對石油工程生產(chǎn)過程的描述，可以全面地、系統(tǒng)地了解石油工程的日常工作流程，從而獲得石油、天然氣生產(chǎn)工藝流程中鉆井施工作業(yè)全過程和整體概念，為畢業(yè)后盡快溶入生產(chǎn)第一線打下牢固的基礎(chǔ)。Petroleum Engineering English At Well-site CONTENTS I.Meeting at First Time & Greeting……………..1 初次見面及問候

II.Inspection of Site Construction………………..16 鉆前工程

III.Rig Move And Equipment Installation…………..2鉆井搬遷及設(shè)備安裝

IV.Equipment(Spudding)Inspection………………32 設(shè)備（開鉆）驗收

V.Drilling Operation…………………………………51

鉆井作業(yè)

VI.Cement Job………………………………………103 固井作業(yè)

VII.Completion Job…………………………………..121

完井作業(yè)

VIII.Mud Logging Operation…………………………136 錄井作業(yè)

IX.Well Control & Drill Procedures………………..189

井控措施及防噴演習(xí)程序

X.Reading Material—Drilling Program…………..286

閱讀材料—鉆井作業(yè)程序

Chapter I.Meeting at First Time & Greeting 初次見面及問候

Wang Xiao-yu just graduated from the South-west Petroleum Institute, and was assigned to be the practice technician of No.17 Great Wall Drilling Crew.王小雨剛從西南石油學(xué)院畢業(yè)，分配到長城17鉆井隊當(dāng)實習(xí)技術(shù)員。

It was the first day that he reported to GW17 today.今天是他到長城17隊報到的第一天。

He met Mr.Chen Ming, the driller who came from the rig floor, at the well-site.在井場,他遇到了從鉆臺走下來的司鉆陳明。

He went to him and asked: “Excuse me, Sir.My name’s Wang Xiao-yu, a new practice technician of this Crew.”

于是他走了過去，詢問道：“你好！我是剛分來的實習(xí)技術(shù)員，我叫王小雨。”

“How do you do？ Welcome to our Crew.My name’s Chen Ming, the driller of No.3 Shift.May I help you?”

“你好！歡迎到隊上來。我是三班司鉆陳明。要幫忙嗎？

“Can you tell me where I can find the Rig Manager?” “告訴我哪里能找到平臺經(jīng)理？”

“Maybe he is in the Rig Manager Office, I think.Let me lead you there.” “我想他可能在平臺經(jīng)理辦公室里。我領(lǐng)你去吧！”

“Thank you.” “謝謝。”

The driller fervidly gave him a hand to carry his luggages to the office.司鉆陳明熱情地拎著王小雨的行李，領(lǐng)著他走向平臺經(jīng)理辦公室。

In the office, the Rig Manager, Mr.Peng Yuan-chun, was discussing the Operation Program to run 9 5/8” casing with his drilling engineer and Toolpushers.辦公室里，平臺經(jīng)理正在同鉆井工程師、帶班隊長商量下9 5/8”套管事項。

The driller knocked at the door, shouting: “Manager, the new practice technician is coming?” 陳明敲門，道：“彭經(jīng)理，隊上分來的實習(xí)技術(shù)員到了！”

“Come in, please.” “請進(jìn)，”

“Welcome to our Crew!” The Rig Manager met Wang Xiao-yu, who was a little nerval at the door, offering his hands and saying friendly: “My name’s Pen Yuan-chun, everyone calls me ‘A Chun’ or ‘George’.”

“歡迎到隊上來！”平臺經(jīng)理熱情道,向在門邊有點緊張的王小雨伸出雙手：“我叫彭遠(yuǎn)春，大家都叫我‘阿春’或‘George’！”

“How do you do!My name’s Wang Xiao-yu, the new practice technician of your Crew.” “你好！我叫王小雨，你隊的實習(xí)技術(shù)員，請多關(guān)照。

“Wang, let me introduce them to you.” “小王，我給你介紹介紹。”

“Thank you.” “謝謝！”

“This is Mr.Zhou Hua, the drilling engineer of our Crew.” “這位是我隊的鉆井工程師，周華。”

“How do you do!” “你好！”

“Hi!Welcome to join us.”

“你好！歡迎你加入我們的行列！”

“The two guys are Toolpushers, Lao Yang and Lao Zhang.” “這兩位是帶班隊長，老楊,老張。”

“How do you do!” “你們好！”

“Hello.Welcome.” “歡迎！”

After greeting, Wang Xiao-yu asked the Rig Manager urgently: “Manager, what shall I do now?” 寒暄之后，王小雨迫不及待地向平臺經(jīng)理道：“彭經(jīng)理，現(xiàn)在我該干什么？”

“Don’t worry, there are a lot of jobs for you to do in future.Now, Mr.Zhou will lead you to your caravan for a rest.He’ll be your master and he is in charge of arranging your work later.”

“別著急，以后有你工作干的。現(xiàn)在由周工領(lǐng)你去宿舍，他將是你的師傅，今后的工作由他安排。”

On the way to the caravan, Wang Xiao-yu said to Zhou in fear and trembling: “Mr.Zhou, I just came here and haven’t any drilling experiences, I am afraid…”

在去宿舍的路上，王小雨忐忑地對周工說：“周工，我剛到井隊，沒任何鉆井經(jīng)驗，我心里 沒底??？”

“Don’t worry, young fellow.After completing a well, everything you’ll obtain.” “小伙子，別擔(dān)心。當(dāng)你打完一口井后什么底你都有了。”

“Really?” “是嗎？”

“Yeah.I remembered when I came to the Drilling Crew for the first time, I had the same feelings as yours, full of anxieties.”

“當(dāng)然。記得我剛到井隊時，跟你心情一樣，充滿了焦慮和忐忑。”

“So, how many years have you been in the Drilling Crew?” “劉工，你在井隊干了幾年了？”

“Ten years.” “10年了。”

“How many years to be a drilling engineer?” “當(dāng)了幾年工程師？”

“Five years.” “5年。”

“And how many wells have you completed?” “打了多少口井？”

“Let me think.Eight, at least.” “我想一想，至少有8口吧！”

“Including this one?” “包括這一口井嗎？”

“No.”

“不包括這口井。”

“Oh!You must have accumulated rich drilling experiences.I’d learn from you more.” “啊！那你肯定積累了豐富的鉆井經(jīng)驗，我得多向你學(xué)著點。”

“Learn from each other.” “互相學(xué)習(xí)吧！”

“How are about the depth in this region?” “這地區(qū)打的井深不深？”

“Normally are deep wells.The TD(total depth)is usually over 4500m.The design depth of this well is 5015m.”

“一般都是深井。井深都在4500米以上。這口井的設(shè)計井深是5015米。”

“So deep.When was it spud in?” “這么深呀。什么時候開的鉆？”

“March 18, 2002.Now the depth is 2985m.We are preparing for running 9 5/8” casing.” “2002年3月18日。現(xiàn)在的井深是2985米，正準(zhǔn)備下9 5/8”套管。”

“When will it be completed, you estimate?” “預(yù)計什么時候完鉆？”

“In four months, I estimate, according to the present progress, if everything is normal.” “如果正常的話，按目前進(jìn)度，估計4個月后完井。”

“ROP(rate of penetration)is high?”

“這口井的機械鉆速（鉆速）高嗎？”

“Just so-so, 1.2m per hour in average.Maybe you don’t know how difficult to drill in this area.The geological conditions are very complex.It has the features of high pressure, high H2S, high dip angle, more faults, loss circulation formations and poor drillability.”

“還行，平均1.2米/小時。你不知道在這地區(qū)鉆井有多難，其地質(zhì)情況十分復(fù)雜，具有高壓、高含硫、高傾角、斷層、漏層多、可鉆性差的特點。”

They arrived at Mr.Wang Xiao-yu’s caravan during their conversation.交談中，他們到了分配給王小雨的臥室前。

“Here we are.Xiao Wang, take a good rest first.See you at the rig-site tomorrow.Good-bye.” “到了，小王，你先休息，我們明天井場上見。再見！”

“Bye-bye.”

明天井場上見。再見！”

When the first sun rayed in the next morning, Wang Xiao-yu, who was excited a whole night, got up very early, putting on his new working uniforms and going to the rig-site.He wanted himself to be familiar with the working circumstances as soon as possible.天剛放亮，激動一宿的王小雨早早起床，穿上嶄新的工裝來到井場。他想盡快地熟悉新的工作環(huán)境。He climbed up the rig floor first.首先，他登上鉆臺。

“Good morning, Mr.Chen?” he greeted the driller who was holding the brake handle.“早上好，陳明？”他向扶剎把的司鉆問候道。

“Morning, Wang.You got up so early!” “早上好，王技術(shù)員。你起得真早。”

“I’d like to have a look first,” said he, smiling, “How about the well condition?” “我想先看看。”他笑道；“井況如何？”

“Normal Drilling.” “正常鉆進(jìn)。”

“The depth now?”

“現(xiàn)在的井深是多少？”

“2993 meters.” “2993米。”

“The level(horizon)now?” “現(xiàn)在的鉆進(jìn)層位？” “Jialingjiang.” “嘉陵江”

“Tell me the present drilling parameters, OK?” “告訴我目前的鉆井參數(shù),好嗎？”

“No problem.” “好的。”

“We are using 8 1/2” bit to drill now,” said the driller as he watched the gauges on the driller’s control console: “Rotary speed, 63rpm;Pump pressure, 17.5 to 18.5Mpa;WOB(Weight on bit), 14 tons;Torque, 5000ft.lb;Displacement, 364gpm;(NO.1);Pump stroke, 60 to 70spm.” “現(xiàn)在使用8 1/2”鉆頭鉆進(jìn)，”司鉆邊說邊看著司控臺上的儀表，道：“轉(zhuǎn)速63rpm，泵壓17.5-18.5Mpa，鉆壓14噸，扭矩5000ft.lb，排量23l/s，泵沖（1號泵）60-70spm。”

“Why drilling with single pump?” “為何只用單泵鉆進(jìn)?”

“Small size hole(slim hole), single pump can completely satisfy the needs of drilling.” “小井眼,單泵就能滿足鉆井需要”

“In which condition, two pumps are to be used?” “什么情況下使用雙泵呢？”

“To drill big size hole.”

“大尺寸井眼就需要雙泵。”

“Oh, I see.”

“哦，我明白了。”

At this moment, the machinist stepped on the floor.Chen Ming introduced Wang Xiao-yu to him.They two greeted each other.這時，機械大班走上鉆臺，陳明把王小雨介紹給他。他們相互問候。

“Mr.Hu, how about the rated drawworks horsepower of ZJ70D rig?” “胡大班，ZJ70D鉆機的絞車額定功率是多少？”

“2000 horsepower.” “2000馬力。”

“Drilling Capacity?” “鉆深能力呢？”

“If drilling with 4 1/2” drill pipe, 7000m.If with 5” drill pipe, 6000m at least.” “用4 1/2”鉆桿能鉆7000米井深。用5”鉆桿能鉆6000米井深。”

“Oh, 6000 meters with 5” drill pipe.” Wang exclaimed in surprise, then he continued, “So the open diameter of the rotary table must be 37 1/2”?” “哇，5”鉆桿可以鉆6000米。”王小雨發(fā)出一聲驚嘆，繼續(xù)道：“轉(zhuǎn)盤的開口直徑是37 1/2”的嗎？”

“You’re right.The model is ZP-37.5.”” “是的，型號是ZP-37.5”。”

“How many gears of the rotary table?” “轉(zhuǎn)盤有幾個擋？”

“No gears.The electric rig has no gears.It’s a stepless speed regulation.” “沒有擋。電動鉆機是無極調(diào)速的。”

“But I heard that the rig has four forward and two reverse gears before.” “可我以前聽說鉆機有四個正擋兩個倒擋呀。”

“Really? That means the mechanical rig.” “是嗎？四正兩倒是指機械鉆機。”

“Oh, I see.” Wang nodded, asking:“How about the height? I mean the derrick and the substructure.”

“哦，明白了。”王小雨點點頭，問道“井架和底座高度？”

“The derrick is 43.5 meters in height and the substructure is 9 meters high.” “井架43.5米，底座9米。”

“ How about the setback capacity?” Wang asked curiously.“能排多少柱鉆鋌、鉆桿？”王小雨好奇地問。

“220 stands of drill collar and drill pipe.” “220柱的鉆鋌、鉆桿”

“Wind load capacity?” “井架的風(fēng)載能力？”

“With drill string, 120km per hour.” “帶鉆具，132公里/小時。”

“Mr.Hu, you know I am a new guy.Show me around, Ok?” “胡大班，我是新人，帶我各處走走，好嗎？”

“It’s my pleasure.” “那可是給我賞臉了。”

They came to the pump house, Mr.Hu pointed to the mud pumps, introducing: “These two 3NB-1600 triplex single-action pumps were manufactured by Baoji Petroleum Mechanical Works.”

他們來到泵房，胡大班指著泥漿泵，介紹道：“這兩臺泵是寶雞產(chǎn)3NB-1600三缸單作用泥漿泵。”

“Which size of the liner is available?” “適用哪種缸套？”

“150、160、170，180、190mm all are available.We normally use two sizes, 170mm and 180mm liner.”

“150、160、170，180、190mm幾種尺寸的缸套。我們常用170、180mm兩種尺寸。”

“Usually, who is in charge of the two pumps in the Crew.” “隊上一般由誰負(fù)責(zé)管理泥漿泵？”

“The assistant driller of each Shift.” “每班的副司鉆。” “Does he only do this on tour?” “副司鉆上班就管泵嗎？。”

“Oh, no.With the exception of having a special responsibility for mud pumps, he is also in charge of maintenances of the wellhead, the circulation & solid control system.”

“哦，不。副司鉆除了專門負(fù)責(zé)泥漿泵以外，還要負(fù)責(zé)井口，循環(huán)、固控系統(tǒng)的維護(hù)保養(yǎng)。”

“Any more?” “還有嗎？”

“Sometimes, he also operates the handle and manages the roughnecks instead of the driller.” 有時還要替司鉆扶鉆，管理班上鉆工。”

“What does a roughneck do as usual, do you know?” “知道鉆工一般干些什么？”

“As I know, a roughneck does a lot of jobs，such as: operating the cathead, tongs, elevators, setting slips, makeup and breakout during a trip, unloading materials and supplies, cleaning equipment and maintenance, etc.”

“據(jù)我所知，鉆工干的活挺多的，比如拉貓頭，提卡瓦，打吊鉗，上扣，卸扣，搞起、下鉆，裝卸材料，清潔、保養(yǎng)設(shè)備等。”

“So, the derrickman?” “那井架工呢？”

“He mainly operates on the Monkey-board.During the normal drilling operation, he’ll give a hand to the assistant driller.”

“主要負(fù)責(zé)二層臺的作業(yè)。正常鉆進(jìn)時，協(xié)助副司鉆工作。”

In generator house, several CAT3512 diesel-generator sets, which were manufactured in USA, were roaring.機房里，幾臺美國產(chǎn)CAT3512柴油發(fā)電機組發(fā)出巨大轟鳴聲。

Wang asked the motorman beside the generator loudly: “How many horsepower of one CAT3512?”

王小雨大聲問發(fā)電機旁柴油司機：“多大的馬力？”

“What?” the man hesitated, shaking his head and pointing to his ears.“什么？”柴油司機搖搖頭，指了指耳朵，疑惑道。

“Horsepower?” Wang repeated loudly.“多大的馬力？”王小雨指著發(fā)電機，又大聲問。

“1500hp.”

“1500馬力。”

“Tell me the oil temperature, oil pressure and rotation speed at present?”

“現(xiàn)在的油溫、油壓、轉(zhuǎn)速是多少？”

“Temperature, 800C;oil pressure, 0.8Mpa;rotation speed, 1200rpm(1200 rounds per minute).” “溫度800C，油壓0.8Mpa，轉(zhuǎn)速1200r/m。”

“What do you usually do during the normal drilling?” “正常打鉆時你們一般干些什么？”

“Check, maintain and clean the diesel-engine generator sets, compressor, oil and water supply equipment, etc.and keep them in work condition.”

“檢查、維保和清潔柴油發(fā)電機組、壓縮機、供水供油設(shè)備，保證其良好的工作狀況。”

“I found only 2 CATs were running.Something is wrong with the other two?” “我發(fā)現(xiàn)只有兩臺機子在運轉(zhuǎn)，另外那兩臺壞了嗎？”

“Oh, no.“ the motorman smiled, saying, “2 CATs can provide enough power for the rig.The other ones are used as back-up.”

“沒有，”柴油司機笑了笑，說：“兩臺發(fā)電機組就可以給鉆機提供足夠的動力了。另兩臺留作備用。”

“Sorry, I don’t know.” Wang’s face went red immediately;he felt a little ashamed for his innocence.“And thank you for telling me.”

“對不起，我不知道！”王小雨瞬時臉色緋紅，為自己的無知感到有點害臊，“謝謝你告訴我這些。”

“You’re welcome.”

“不用謝。”

Leaving the generator house, it was easier to talk away from the noise.走出機房，噪音小了，交談起來容易多了。

As soon as they stepped on the circulation sytem nearby, Wang Xiao-yu questioned the mechanist again.“Mr.Hu, how many mud tanks in circulating system, and the total capacities?” 一登上毗鄰的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)，王小雨又問道：“胡大班，循環(huán)系統(tǒng)有幾個泥漿罐，總?cè)莘e是多少？” “5 circulating tanks, 4 reserve tanks and 1 trip tank.The total capacity is 425 m2.” “5個循環(huán)罐，四個儲備灌和一個尖底罐，總?cè)莘e425m3。”

“What type of the shale shaker?” “振動篩是什么類型的？”

“Derrick linearity shale shaker manufactured in the USA.” “美國產(chǎn)Derrick線性振動篩？”

“What’s the mesh of the screen cloth in use?” “現(xiàn)在用的多少目的篩布。”

“180 mesh.” “180目。”

Wang Xiao-yu was curious about everything at the rig-site, and wanted to ask whatever he saw.He longed for knowing everything, so that he could get himself into the drilling operation as soon as possible.王小雨對井場的一切都感到好奇，什么都想問，他渴望解這一切以便盡快地投入到鉆井作業(yè)中去。

While he was thinking about his work, Zhou Hua, the drilling engineer, came to him, saying: “There you are, Xiao Wang!we are waiting for you to attend the safety meeting now.”

就在他興趣正濃的時候，鉆井工程師周華來了，對他說道：“小王別再問了，大家現(xiàn)在正等你開班前會呢。”

“Sorry.I don’t know about the safety meeting before my tour,” Xiao Wang was embarrassed again for not listening.“對不起，我不知道要開班前會。”小王為自己再次感到局促不安。

“Oh, it’s my fault, I forgot to tell you yesterday,” Zhou regretted, “昨天忘了告訴你，這不怪你，”周工抱歉道。

“When is the safety meeting usually held?” “一般什么時候開班前會？”

“Before each Shift exchange.” “每次交班前。”

On the way to the meeting room, Zhou Hua explained Wang about the safety meeting.在去會議室的路上，周華向王小雨講了有關(guān)班前會的事。

“The employees perform a post check half an hour before a tour at the site ahead of each Shift exchange.Then they attend a safety meeting conducted by the Rig Manager.The manager issues the day’s drilling program at the meeting.After that the drilling engineer, toolpusher, machinist, electrician or the driller will emphasize the important matters about safety around the rig equipment during drilling operation..”

“每次換班，工人提前半小時進(jìn)場，進(jìn)行交接班崗位檢查。然后，開班前會，由平臺經(jīng)理傳達(dá)當(dāng)天的作業(yè)指令，分配要干的工作。鉆井工程師、帶班隊長、機械技師、電器技師或司鉆強調(diào)有關(guān)安全和設(shè)備的注意事項。”

“I see.” “明白了。”

“By the way, tell you a(piece of)good news.” “小王，順便告訴你一個好消息。”

“Good news, what good news?” “好消息,什么好消息？”

“Our Crew will go abroad to perform drilling service.” “我們隊馬上要出國打井了。”

“Really? Which country?” Wand excitedly.“真的嗎？哪個國家？”小王激動了。

“Iran,” Zhou said, “Details, the Rig Manager will announce in the meeting.” “伊朗。”周工道，“詳情，平臺經(jīng)理會在會上宣布。”

“Really? That’s wonderful.” Wang cheered up, “I am the luckiest guy in the world.” “噢，太妙了。”小王歡呼著跳了起來，“我是世界上最幸運的人。”

“You are, indeed.” “確實是。

Vocabulary practice technician 實習(xí)技術(shù)員

small size hole(slim hole)小井眼 drilling crew 鉆井隊

big size hole 大尺寸井眼 drill floor,rig floor,floor 鉆臺

drawworks 絞車

drawworks horsepower 絞車功率

drawworks sensor 絞車(上的進(jìn)尺)傳感器 well-site, rig-site 井場

drilling capacity 鉆深能力 rig manager平臺經(jīng)理

DC(drill collar)鉆鋌 drilling engineer 鉆井工程師

DP(drill pipe)鉆桿

assistant engineer 助理工程師

knock at an open door 多此一舉 toolpusher 帶班隊長

rotary table 轉(zhuǎn)盤

driller 司鉆

open diameter 開口直徑 assistant driller 副司鉆

gear, shift gear 擋位,排擋 derrickman, monkeyman 井架工

setback capacity 排管能力 roughneck, floorman 鉆工

single-action 單作用 roustabout場地工

liner 缸套

motor fireman 司機

wellhead 井口

motorman 司助

circulation & solid system 循環(huán)固控系統(tǒng) machinist 機械師,機工,機械大班

forward gear 正擋 electrician 電器師,電工,電器大班

reverse gear 倒擋 operation program 作業(yè)程序(指令)

cathead 貓頭 caravan 營房，大篷車

tong 大鉗 drilling experience 鉆井經(jīng)驗

elevator 吊卡 well depth 井深

slip 卡瓦

slip area 卡瓦卡緊面

slip back-up 卡瓦支撐(套)slip bowl 卡瓦座,卡盤

slip bushing 卡瓦補心 slip dog 卡瓦牙塊, 卡瓦牙板

slip-elevator 卡瓦式吊卡 slip grip 卡瓦打撈爪, 卡瓦夾持器

slip groove 卡瓦槽

slipper joint pliers鯉魚鉗

slip load 卡瓦負(fù)載[卡瓦懸吊的鉆柱重量] slip insert 卡瓦牙

slip joint 套筒連接,伸縮連接,滑動接頭 slip-off(焊點)脫開

slip-on flange 松套法蘭;滑套凸緣

stepless gear 無級變速傳動

stepless speed change device無級變速裝置 stepless speed change 有[無]級變速

stepless speed regulating 無級調(diào)速 stepless speed regulation無級調(diào)速

level [horizon] 層位,層段 design depth 設(shè)計井深

makeup 上扣 spud in 開鉆

breakout 卸扣 ROP(rate of penetration),drilling speed penetration rate 鉆速

trip 起下鉆

wind load 風(fēng)載荷

wind load capacity(井架的)風(fēng)載能力

wind load rating 額定風(fēng)載(荷)geological condition 地質(zhì)情況(條件)

diesel-engine 柴油機

high pressure 高壓

diesel-generator set柴油發(fā)電機組 high H2S 高含硫

horsepower 馬力 high dip angle 高傾角

oil temperature 油溫 fault 斷層

oil pressure 油壓

loss circulation 井漏，循環(huán)漏失

rotary(rotation)speed 轉(zhuǎn)速 drillability 可鉆性

compressor 壓縮機 working uniform 工作服

oil supply 供油 brake handle, brake bar 剎把

water supply 供水

well condition 井況

circulating tank, circulation tank 循環(huán)罐 normal drilling 正常鉆井

reserve tank 儲備罐

parameter 參數(shù)

trip tank 補給罐，尖底罐 rotary speed 轉(zhuǎn)盤轉(zhuǎn)速

shale shaker 振動篩 pump pressure 泵壓

linearity 線性

WOB(weight on bit)鉆壓

mesh 目,網(wǎng)孔;嚙合,編織 torque 扭矩

screen cloth 篩布 displacement 排量

safety meeting 班前會 pump stroke 泵沖

shift exchange 交班 mud pump 泥漿泵

drilling service 鉆井服務(wù) master 師傅,主人;征服,控制,精通

in charge of 負(fù)全責(zé),經(jīng)營,照顧 arrange 安排,排列,協(xié)商

assign 分配,指派

obtain 獲得,得到

remember 記得;回憶起,紀(jì)念 according to 根據(jù),依照

prepare for 準(zhǔn)備,使有準(zhǔn)備 normal 正常的,正規(guī)的,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的just so-so 馬馬乎乎 introduce 介紹,傳入,引進(jìn),提出

satisfy 滿足,使?jié)M意,說明

Chapter II Inspection of Site Construction 鉆前工程驗收

The Rig Manager Office at the well-site.The Rig Manager, George, was reading a completion report.Suddenly，the telephone rang, he picked it up.井場，平臺經(jīng)理辦公室。平臺經(jīng)理彭遠(yuǎn)春（George）正在閱讀一份完井報告，電話鈴?fù)蝗豁懥耍崞鹆穗娫挕?/p>

“Hello.This is Email speaking.I’d like to talk with George.“你好！我是監(jiān)督Email，我要同George講話！”

“Hi, Email.How nice to hear you!What’s the matter?” “你好，Email, 聽到你的聲音真高興！什么事？”

“I just got the information from the Site Construction Company, the new location TBK-3 is ready.”

“我剛從鉆前公司得到消息，新井場TBK-3出來了。”

“Really?That’s terrific.” “是嗎？太好了！”

“Bring some guys to go there with me for inspection, OK?” “能帶幾個人同我一道去看看嗎？”

“Ok.In five minutes, the drilling engineer, toolpushers, drillers, machinist and I will leave to meet you at the well-site.”

“行，5分鐘后，我?guī)е业拇嚓犻L、司鉆、機械技師與你在井場匯合。”

“Ok.See you later.” “好的，一會兒見。” “See you later.” “一會兒見。”

One hour later, they arrived at the new location, called TBK-3, in two Petrols.一小時后，他們分乘兩輛Petrol來到了新井場TBK-3。

At the new location, the workers were performing a final leveling off with earthmovers and road rollers.In the waste pit, the grab was digging and widening it out.新井場上，土建工人們正用推土機、壓路機對前場作最后的平整工作，挖掘機還在對廢水池加寬、加深。

As soon as George and his fellows got off the Petrol, Email came and asked: “George, do you find some places where the slope is too steep and the radius of turn is too short on the road to the new location? I’m afraid that the trailer loaded with SCR won’t be able to maneuver the road as it is now.”

George和他的伙伴們剛下車，監(jiān)督Email走來問道：“George, 有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)通往井場的公路有的地方坡太陡，轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑太小，搬家時恐怕拉SCR的大拖車無法通過？”

“You’re right, sir.” George agreed.“If it rains, I’m afraid that it will even be dangerous for the trucks.” “是的。” George 贊同道：“如果是下雨天，恐怕連拉設(shè)備的大車通過也很危險。”

“How many places need to be modified, you think?” “你覺得有幾處地方整改？”

“There are two places where the grade needs to be lessened and the one turn should be opened more.I also found that the two kilometer water supply line hasn’t been connected to the location.”

“有兩處地方需要降坡度，一處彎道需加寬。另外，供水管線也差兩公里才接到井場。”

“Well, George.Now, send your guys to inspect the new location referring to the Site Construction Drawing, checking where it needs to be modified and perfected.After that, we work out a report together to submit to the Site Construction Company, ordering them to complete the modification in a limit time, so that we can carry out the final inspection.”

“好吧，George。現(xiàn)在安排你的人帶上井場施工圖按圖全面檢查井場，看看哪些地方需要整改和完善，然后我們共同作份報告提交鉆前公司。限期他們整改完成，我們作最后的驗收。”

According to the Supervisor’s order, George sent his guys respectively to check the front site, the rear site, the cellar, the base of the substructure, the mud pump and the solid system, the waste pit, and the drainages, etc.George根據(jù)甲方監(jiān)督要求安排他的人員分別對井場的前場、后場、方井、底座基礎(chǔ)、泥漿泵基礎(chǔ)、固控系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)、廢水池、排污溝等進(jìn)行檢查。

George and Email stood in the middle of the site, discussing how to arrange and collocate the rig equipment in the new location.George和Email就這口井的井場布置、設(shè)備擺放展開了討論。

“Email, have any suggestions about the collocation of the equipment?” “Email, 對這口井的設(shè)備擺放有何建議？”

“I think we’d better move the Air Drilling Package from the rear site to the front site this time.It’s easier for installation and dismantling.”

“我想這次最好將空氣鉆井設(shè)備從后場擺在前場，便于空鉆設(shè)備的安裝和拆遷。”

“So, the drill pipe boxes, material houses, tool house, machining house and casing tool house will be put on the left side of the front site, in their old location?”

“鉆干盒、材料房、工具房、加工房、套管工具房還是照老樣子擺放在前場嗎？”

“Only a small change.Put drill pipe boxes, the casing tool house on the front site, the rest on the rear site.The house used for the Top Drive engineer on duty should be put on the front site.” “有點小改變，鉆桿盒、套管工具房放前場。這次要把頂驅(qū)值班工程師的值班房放前場。”

“Why?”

“為什么？”

“You know, last well, the Top Drive brought us a lot of troubles.This time, if something’s wrong with it during drilling operation, I can be in touch with the Top Drive engineers in time.” “大家都知道上口井頂驅(qū)可給我們找了不少麻煩。這次如果在鉆井作業(yè)中，一旦頂驅(qū)出現(xiàn)故障，便于我及時同他們的聯(lián)絡(luò)。”

“No problem.So, about the site caravans, have any changes?” “沒問題。那么，井場人員住房有變動嗎？”

“Yeah, put your office and mine together for easy communication.The radio room and the clinic should be in your neighbors this time.I think it is more convenient for you to report to your Project Department.”

“這次你的辦公室要與我的在一起，便于交流。通訊室和醫(yī)務(wù)室緊靠你的辦公室，便于你隨時向你的項目部匯報。”

“I see.You are scared that the shouting from the radio room will bother you, right?” “我明白了。你怕通訊室的匯報聲打攪你，對嗎？”

“You’re smart.Tell you the truth, I can’t bear the Toolpusher’s shouting at 6:30 every morning any more, ‘Qidi, qidi’.” Email copied the Chinese pronunciation incorrectly, causing George to laugh loudly.“真聰明。我確實受不了每天早上 6: 30 帶班隊長的吼叫聲，‘基地基地’”。Email模仿中國人發(fā)音的漢語，引起George一陣大笑。

Just then, the fellows who had finished inspecting the new location returned and reported to them.這時，看完井場的人員回到他們身邊進(jìn)行匯報。

“George, Email,” said the machinist, “we also need 3 parallel cement bases beside the solid system.Each should be 1m in width, 20m in length and 30cm in depth.The space between each base should be 1.5m.” 機械技師道：“George、Email，在固控系統(tǒng)旁邊，我們還需要三條平行水泥基礎(chǔ)。每條基礎(chǔ)要 1 米寬、20 米長、30 公分厚。每條基礎(chǔ)的間距為1.5米”。

“What’s it for?” Email asked.Email問: “干什么用？”

“As the base for three water tanks.” “作為三個高架水罐的基礎(chǔ)呀”。

“No the bases on the drawing?” asked Email, feeling a little strange.“施工圖上沒有這幾條基礎(chǔ)嗎？”Email問,覺得有點奇怪。

“No.” “沒有。”

“However, they built the new site according to the 70D Rig Drawing provided by you?” “人家可是照你們提供的70D鉆機圖施工的呀！”

“Yeah, but the locations for the three water tanks turned out to be all clay, the groundsill is not steady.”

“可擺放高架水罐地方全是泥土，地基不穩(wěn)。”

“Ok, I remember.Anything else need to be modified?” “好的，我記下了。另外還有什么地方需要整改？”

“I checked the cellar,” said the toolspusher, “finding the inlet of the drainage plugged seriously.It needs to be cleaned completely.The flat bottom of cellar should be sloped to the inlet for draining waste water easily, but the outlet is too close to the junk slot and it could be covered by the cuttings after the first spudding.” “我檢查了方井，”帶班隊長道，“方井下面的排污口堵塞嚴(yán)重，需要徹底清理。方井底平面應(yīng)向排污口傾斜便于污水排放，而排出口距排砂槽太近，可能在一開后沙子就掩埋了出口。”

“There are some workers in the cellar.You did not tell them how to modify it, did you?” George asked.“方井里有些工人，難道沒告訴他們怎樣整改嗎？”George 問道。

“Yes.I did.But I don’t know whether they understood or not.They are Iranian laborers.” “告訴他們了。不知道他們聽懂了沒有。他們都是伊朗民工。”

“Oh, I see.” “哦，明白了。” Without saying any more, George knew that the ordinary Iranian laborers did not know English at all.George 不再問了。他知道普通伊朗勞工根本就不懂英語。

“Have any problems about the drainages around the solid control system? Need to be modified?” asked Email.“固控系統(tǒng)的排污溝有問題嗎？需不需要整改？”Email問。

“Perfect.” answered a driller.“沒問題。”一司鉆回答道。

“Well, our present status is that 90% of the site construction has been completed.Tomorrow, your guys will form two parts.Some come here to prophase jobs for moving, such as clean the site and draw lines for equipment installation.The rest dismantle the derrick, substructure, drawworks, etc, and pack all the equipment.Everything should be ready for moving in three days.The entire move to the new location will be completed within 10 days.For details, you’ll get my written order in the evening.”

“那好，就目前的情況來看，整個鉆前工程已完成90%。George, 從明天開始，你的人將分為兩批，一部分人到新井場清理井場、劃線作鉆機搬遷的前期工作，剩下的倒放鉆機，設(shè)備打包作好搬遷準(zhǔn)備。整個搬遷工作我給你們10天時間。今晚你們會收到我的書面作業(yè)指令。”

“Yes, sir.” “是，頭兒。”

Vocabulary completion report 完井報告

carry out 執(zhí)行,實施,完成,慣切 emphaisize 著重,強調(diào)

progress 前進(jìn),行進(jìn),進(jìn)展 in progress 在行進(jìn)中,在舉行

make progress 取得進(jìn)步 site construction 鉆前工程

supervisor 監(jiān)督 location 井場,井位

front site 前場 inspection 檢查,考察,驗收

rear site 后場 earthmover 推土機

cellar 方井

road roller 壓路機

soild(control)system 固控系統(tǒng)

grab 挖掘機

drainage 排泄;排水系統(tǒng),排水區(qū)域 drainage pump 排油泵,排水泵

drainage pipeline 排放(油、水)管線 drainage water 排出水，污水

drain away 流盡,排盡 drain hole 排泄孔,放出口

drain pressure 排泄壓力

drain pump 排空泵,排油泵,排水泵

drain sample 排放液體(油、水)試樣 drain valve 排泄閥,放出閥

drain time 排放時間

waste pit 污水池、廢水池

air drilling package 空鉆設(shè)備、空鉆包 slope 坡、坡度

dismantle 拆除、拆卸 steep 陡峭的、險峻的drill pipe box 鉆桿盒

radiu of turn 轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑

casing tool house 套管工具房

turn 轉(zhuǎn)彎

Top Drive(Drilling System)頂(部)驅(qū)(動)鉆井系統(tǒng)

trailer 拖車、平板車

Project Department 項目部 water(supply)line(供)水管線

on duty 值班

refer to 參照,涉及,提到,查閱

radio room 通訊室 modify 整改、修改

clinic 醫(yī)務(wù)室

perfect 使完善,修改,使熟練

water tank 水罐、高架水罐 work out 設(shè)計出,作出,計算出

groundsill 地基、基礎(chǔ)橫木 submit 提交,遞交;（使）服從

inlet 進(jìn)口、入口 in a limit time 限時

outlet 出口、出路 waste water 廢水、污水

junk slot 排砂槽

Chapter III

Rig Move And Equipment Installation 鉆機搬遷及設(shè)備安裝

In the location of TBK-2, the derrick and substructure had been laid down;the drawworks had been disconnected and all the connecting cables, pipelines had been furled and put together.In accordance with the Rig Manager’s order, the personnel of each shift of Rig17 were packing the components of ZJ70D Electric Rig and making ready for loading and moving.TBK-2井場上。井架、底座已經(jīng)放倒，絞車已經(jīng)拆開，各種連接電纜、管線已經(jīng)收攏歸位。鉆17隊的各班人員按平臺經(jīng)理布置的任務(wù)，正在給拆散的ZJ70D鉆機部件打包，作好裝車準(zhǔn)備。

Suddenly, the Rig Manager went to the driller of No.3 Shift and asked: “Chen Ming, where’s the machinist?”

這時，平臺經(jīng)理向三班司鉆走過來，問道：“陳明，胡技師在哪里？”

“He was here a moment ago.Maybe he’s in the pump house to conduct how to pack now, I think.”

“剛才還在這里，現(xiàn)在恐怕到泵房指導(dǎo)打包去了。”

“Go and tell him the Supervisor wants to talk with him.” “去。告訴他，監(jiān)督Email有事要同他談。”

“Ok.” Chen Ming ran to the pump house immediately.“好的。”陳明立即跑向泵房。

Few minutes later, the machinist appeared in the Supervisor’s caravan.幾分鐘后，胡大班出現(xiàn)在監(jiān)督的房子里。

“Have a seat, Mr.Hu.” Email said: “Coffee or tea?” “請坐，胡大班。”Email 道：“喝茶還是咖啡？”

“No.Thank you.” “不，謝謝。”

The machinist had a little nervous, he didn’t know why the Supervisor himself wanted to talk with him.胡大班有點緊張，他不知監(jiān)督有何要親自同他談。

“The headquarters just asked me to provide a schedule of the lorries for this moving operation, including the size, weight of each component.The Transport Company will dispatch trucks according to this information.You are the guy who answers for the equipment.About the rig, I think you know more than I do.”

“總部剛才通知我，要我提供這次搬家安裝需要的車次，每件設(shè)備的尺寸、重量。運輸公司將根據(jù)這些信息安排車輛。你是主管設(shè)備的機械工程師，我想應(yīng)該比我更清楚這臺鉆機！”

“Sure.” said Hu, feeling relieved, “According to your instruction, I’ll give you a detailed report as soon as possible.”

“是的，”胡大班釋然道：“根據(jù)你的指令，我會盡快提交一份詳細(xì)報告。”

“Ok, see you later.” “那好，一會兒見。”

“See you later.” “一會兒見。”

Back at the rig-site, Hu began to list the rig equipment and estimated the size and weight of huge components, such as: the SCR house, the MCC house, the Mud Pumps, the Diesel Generator Sets, the front & rear part of the Drawworks, the Top Drive and the Air Drilling Packages, etc.After that, he worked out a Schedule Of Lorry Requirements for this moving operation and submitted it to the Supervisor.胡大班回到井場著手清點設(shè)備的件數(shù)、估算如SCR房、MCC房、泥漿泵、柴油發(fā)電機組、絞車前部及絞車后部、頂驅(qū)和空鉆設(shè)備等大件設(shè)備重量、尺寸。然后，根據(jù)手中掌握的資料制作了這次鉆機搬遷所需車輛一覽表，提交甲方監(jiān)督。

“Email, here you are.I’ve finished the task.” Hu handed the Schedule to him.“Email，你交代的任務(wù)完成了，這給你，”胡大班將一覽表交給他。

“Thank you.Did you include the kinds of truck we need and how many moving operations there will be?” Email asked as he read the schedule.“謝謝！含車型了嗎，這次搬遷要多少車次？”Email邊看邊問。“200 trips in total.We’ll need two 40T cranes and two trailers for the large equipment.” “總共200車次。需要2臺40T吊車和兩輛60T拖車?yán)蠹O(shè)備。”

“Are there the size and weight in the Schedule?” “大件設(shè)備的尺寸、重量表里都有嗎？”

“Very clearly.” “清清楚楚。”

“That’s great.I’ll get the exact answer from the Transport Company tomorrow.Thanks again.” “很好，明天我就會得到運輸公司的確切答復(fù)。再次感謝。”

“You’re welcome.It’s my job.” “份內(nèi)之事，不客氣。”

At night, the Toolpushers, Machinist, Electrician, Drillers and Assistant Drillers got together in the Rig Manager Office, reporting to the Rig Manager on the daytime’s work of rig dismantling and packing.是夜，平臺經(jīng)理辦公室。帶班隊長、機械大班、電器大班、正、副司鉆正在向平臺經(jīng)理匯報今天鉆機的拆卸、包裝情況。

“Well done.” affirmed the Rig Manager, “But, Mr.Ran, do you think there might be something wrong with the modules of No.3, No.4 cubicle in the SCR house? Do you remember, we had some problems with them during the 5th spudding.I think you should take the opportunity of this move to check them.”

“干得不錯。”平臺經(jīng)理肯定道：“不過，冉技，SCR房的3、4號柜的模塊在上口井打5開的時候，老是出現(xiàn)故障，趁這次搬遷檢查一下。”

“I did this afternoon.I disconnected them and found a foul-up had occurred on the circuit plate of No.3 module.I also found that the parameters of No.4 module appeared changed from the original ones.The parameters need to be revised.”

“今下午我已把3、4號柜的模塊拆下來進(jìn)行了檢查。3號柜模塊電路板出現(xiàn)紊亂，4號柜模塊的參數(shù)與原參數(shù)發(fā)生飄移，需要校正參數(shù)。”

“When will that be done?” “何時搞定？”

“Tomorrow..I’ll replace a new circuit plate for No.3 module and revise the parameters on No.4 module,.”

“明天吧。3號柜模塊換新電路板，4號柜模塊校正參數(shù)。”

“Brake shoes on the drawworks are worn very seriously.They need to be changed for new ones.” George turned to the machinist and asked, “ Mr.Hu, have you arranged a man to do it?”“絞車剎車片磨損嚴(yán)重，要換新的。胡大班，安排人換了嗎？”平臺經(jīng)理向機械技師問道。

“Shift 2 has already done it.” “安排鉆2班換了。”

“Tomorrow, you’ll take the responsibility for packing the instruments on the Floor.Take special care.”

“明天，鉆臺上的儀器儀表包裝由你親自負(fù)責(zé)，需特別小心。”

“What I do, you can rest asssumed.” “我辦事，你放心。”

“We are moving soon.Here I emphasize again.Safety is our first priority.Never make the next step without considering all aspects of the safety of the operation.”

“馬上就要搬家了，我再次強調(diào)安全第一，千萬不要單求工作進(jìn)度，而忽視了安全。”

At this moment, there was a knock on the door, and the Drilling Supervisor entered.這時，鉆井監(jiān)督敲門進(jìn)來。

“Sorry to bother you.” Email said to the Rig Manager: “Here’s the Fax from the Transport Company, saying their moving trucks will arrive at the location on time, at 8:00 tomorrow morning.” “對不起，打攪一下。”Email說道：“運輸公司發(fā)來傳真，明天早上8:00搬遷車輛準(zhǔn)時進(jìn)場。”

“How many trucks?” asked George.“他們派了多少臺車輛？”George問。

“Nine 15 ton trucks, four 20 ton trucks, two 60 ton trailers, one 40 ton crane and two 15 ton cranes.”

“9輛15噸卡車、4輛20噸卡車、2輛60噸拖車。1臺40噸吊車、2臺15噸吊車。”

“Email, one 40T crane is not enough for moving and installation of ZJ70D rig.It’ll influence the whole progress of moving.You know loading, unloading or installing the large equipment, like the drawworks and the mud pump need at least two 40T cranes to operate together.We requested two, not one.” Said George, very concerned.“Email，70D鉆機搬遷、安裝，1臺40噸吊車不夠，會影響整個搬遷進(jìn)度。你知道，像絞車、泥漿泵這些大件物品要用2臺40噸吊車裝卸和安裝。而且我們要求提供的是2臺40噸吊車,不是一臺。”George不悅道。

“You have a 40T crane, don’t you?” asked Email.“你們自己不是有1臺40噸吊車嗎？”Email問。

“Yeah.But in order to ensure the completion our moving the entire rig within 10 days, we need to work at two locations at the same time.That means two 40T cranes will load at the old location.As the local crane drivers are not familiar with rig installation, our crane must be at the new location for unloading and installation.”

“是的，為了確保10天內(nèi)完成整臺鉆機的搬遷，我們需要在兩個井場同時作業(yè)，也就是2臺40噸吊車在老井場裝車。我們的吊車主要負(fù)責(zé)新井場的鉆機安裝，因為地方上的吊車司機不熟悉安裝作業(yè)！”

“Well, I’ll consult with the Transport Company soon and require them to send another one.” “那好，我同運輸公司協(xié)商一下，要他們增派1臺40噸吊車。”

“I appreciate your help.” “這樣最好。”

Email left in a hurry.Email匆匆離去。

“Brothers, everyone has heard the news.Tomorrow morning, 8:00 o’clock, we’ll begin to move.It is 30 kilometers from here to the new location.If it doesn’t rain in the following days, each truck can move 4 or 5 trips per day.It’ll take us at least 3 days to complete moving the rig.” “弟兄們，大家都聽到了，明天8:00正式搬遷。從這里到新井場的搬遷距離是30公里，如果以后幾天不下雨，每輛卡車每天可以跑4-5趟，最多3天就能完成設(shè)備搬遷。”

“If it rains, I’m afraid we may need 4 or 5 days.” the machinist added.“如果下雨，恐怕要4天或5天。”胡大班補充道。

“If things happen like that, it’ll be very difficult to complete the move and installation within 10 days.”

“要是這樣，要在10天內(nèi)完成搬家、安裝就難了。”

“I have a suggestion, but I don’t whether it works or not.” Hu hesitated.“我有個建議，不知行不行。”胡大班試著說。

“Go ahead.” George encouraged him.“說說看。”平臺經(jīng)理鼓勵道。

“During this move, we should only leave one Shift at the old location to do the loading.The rest of the Shifts should be sent to the new location to unload and install.Loading and moving equipment should be arranged so each piece arrives at the new site just before it is scheduled to be installed.In this way we can save on the total installation time.” “這次搬遷只留一個班在老井場負(fù)責(zé)裝車，其余的人全部到新井場安裝。而且設(shè)備運輸按現(xiàn)場安裝的實際需要裝車，這樣就可以節(jié)省整個安裝時間。”

“Good idea.” George agreed with him: “So, you draft out a Schedule of Moving & Installing Progress to illustrate which equipment to be loaded on the first day, and which on the second day.”

“好主意。”平臺經(jīng)理肯定道；“那么就由你來編排安裝進(jìn)度表。第一天裝那些設(shè)備，第二天 裝那些設(shè)備。”

“Yes, sir.” “是，頭兒。”

“One thing I should remind you is that the offices, the radio room and the site caravans must be moved and put into their new location on the first day.” “有一點我要提醒你，辦公室、通訊室和大班人員的井場住房在搬遷的第一天要在新井場就位。”

“I’ll take that into account.” “我會考慮進(jìn)去的。”

The machinist is a smart guy, but it was not until 23:30 that he finished drafting the Schedule and handed it to the Rig Manager.The schedule was as follows: 機械技師胡大班是個動作麻利之人，23:30分左右，他把編好的搬遷進(jìn)度表交給平臺經(jīng)理。進(jìn)程安排如下：

The 1st Day:

Move and install derrick base with its slope braces and cross braces;move and install the drawworks base;the rig floor, floor sill, the rotary beam and rotary table.Move and put the site caravans into their positions.搬遷、安裝井架底座及橫拉筋、斜拉筋、絞車底座、鉆臺、底梁、轉(zhuǎn)盤大梁及轉(zhuǎn)盤，井場人員住房到位；

The 2nd Day: Move and install the drawworks, the SCR house, the MCC house, the CAT3512 diesel generator sets.Move and put the camp caravans and the radio system into position.Move and install the Volvo diesel-generator so that it is ready to begin transmitting power.搬遷、安裝絞車，SCR房，MCC房，CAT3512柴油發(fā)電機組，營地住房搬遷到位，通訊設(shè)施安裝到位、Volvo發(fā)電機送電；

The 3rd Day:

Connect each section of mast into one on the site.Connect the standpipe and the rotary hose.Install the mud pumps and the solid control system.Connect drainage pipelines for the site and the campsite.連接井架、立管、水龍帶、安裝泥漿泵，循環(huán)系統(tǒng)；接井場、營地住房下水管線；

The 4th Day: Commission the power and the transmission systems.Move and install the crownblock and the derrick ladders.Sink a metal stake to support the traveling block.Reeve the guide line for the drilling wireline and the drilling wireline.調(diào)試動力系統(tǒng)、傳動系統(tǒng)，安裝天車、井架梯子、擺放游車墩子及游車，穿引繩、穿鋼絲繩； The 5th Day:

Raise the derrick.Move and install the extension table on the rig floor, the dog-house and prepare for raising the substructure.Raise the substructure.Complete the auxiliary jobs and put the floor tools in order.起井架、安裝鉆臺加寬臺、司鉆休息室等起底座準(zhǔn)備工作，起底座。輔助工作及整理鉆臺工具。

The 6th Day: Connect the Kelly and make up the turbine(screw)drill for the rat hole(mouse hole).接方鉆桿，配螺桿鉆具打鼠洞。The 7th Day: …

“Well done.” praised the Rig Manager, “If we carry out moving and the installation according to this Schedule, we can save on two days.Even if it rains, we can still complete on schedule.“很好,”平臺經(jīng)理評價道，“按照這個進(jìn)度表實施搬家安裝，我們至少能節(jié)省兩天的時間。即使遇到下雨，我們也能按期完成。”

Having been carefully organized and planned by the Rig Manager, the moving operation went smoothly.What Email, the Drilling Supervisor, saw made him appreciate in his mind: “ They are really a group of high quality oilmen.”

在平臺經(jīng)理的精心組織下，搬遷、安裝工作有紊不亂地進(jìn)行著。鉆井監(jiān)督Email看在眼里，心中暗暗贊道：“真是一批高素質(zhì)的石油工人。”

“Hi, Email.Are you satisfied with the pace of installation?” George asked the Drilling Supervisor who was standing in the middle of the site.“你好, Email, 對我們的安裝進(jìn)度滿意嗎？”George站在井場中監(jiān)督問道。

“Not bad.According to the present rate of installation, I think I should give you only 8 days for the next well.” said Email, smiling.“不錯，按這個進(jìn)展速度，我想下口井的搬遷時間只能給8天。”Email笑著說。

“Oh, no.” George debated immediately, “We did this in such a hurry so that we would have more time to commission the rig.”

“不要，”George趕緊申辯道：“我們抓緊時間是為了留下更多的時間調(diào)式鉆機。”

“I know.It was only kidding.” “我知道，開玩笑的。”

“Don’t scare me.I am just a sheep.” said George: “By the way, as per the Schedule, we’ll raise the derrick and the substructure half a day ahead of time.I would estimate the raising time at 4:30 pm.Will you attend?” “別嚇我，我膽小。”George說：“順便說一下，按計劃我們將提前半天起升井架、底座。估計起井架時間是下午4:30。要不要參加？”

“Sure.And I’ll bring my hand camera to shoot the whole scene.” Email said in high spirits: “You know, the last move and installation, I was back at home on vacation.” “當(dāng)然參加。而且我還要帶上我的攝像機把整個場面拍攝下來。”Email興致勃勃到；“你知道，上次安裝，我正好回國休假。”

“Well.I’ll inform you on time by then.” Finishing the conversation, George turned to do his business.“好的，到時我準(zhǔn)時通知你。”George說完，又忙事去了。

At 4:30pm, the Toolpusher disposedly held the brake handle on the floor to run the drawworks.The mast and the substructure both rose up, while the workers cheered, Email shot a group of costful pictures.下午4:30，鉆臺上帶班隊長手握剎把，威風(fēng)冽冽。隨著絞車的轉(zhuǎn)動，井架豎起來了，底座升起來了，工人們歡笑起來。監(jiān)督Email拍下了這一組珍貴鏡頭。

In the safety meeting, everyone waited for the Rig Manager’s report on the move and installation.班前會上,大家期待著平臺經(jīng)理有關(guān)搬家、安裝的總結(jié)。

“Until now, we’ve completed rig installation three days earlier than the original schedule.” The Rig Manager praised the crew, and he could hardly control his own innermost happiness: “Congratulation to all of you!”

“就目前而言，我們比原定計劃提前三天完成設(shè)備安裝，”平臺經(jīng)理道，掩飾不住內(nèi)心的喜悅: “祝獲大家!”

“Hooray!” The employees cheered.“烏拉!”員工們發(fā)出一陣歡呼聲。

“Tomorrow, Mr.Zhou will conduct Shift.3 in commissioning the rig, connect the Kelly and make up the screw drill for rat holing.The rests get the site in order for the inspection by the Company HSE Officer and the Drilling Supervisor for the first spudding.”

“明天由周隊長帶領(lǐng)三班對鉆機進(jìn)行運轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)式，接方鉆桿、配螺桿鉆具打鼠洞。其余的收拾井場。迎接甲方HSE官員和監(jiān)督的開鉆驗收。”

Vocabulary electic rig 電動鉆機

mechanic rig 機械鉆機

disconnect 拆開,分離,斷開

connecting cable 連接電纜 pipeline 管線

furl 卷收、疊、收攏

spool 線軸,雙端凸緣管,(鉆井)四通

spooler 盤繩器,(卷繩)滾筒 spooler device 盤纜器

spooling 卷,纏,繞 spooling capacity 纏繞鋼絲繩能力,纏繞盤容量

spool piece 卷筒,短管,雙法蘭短節(jié)

spool valve 滑閥

order 指令,命令,順序

pack 包裹,捆扎,塞滿 Company 公司,甲方

Operator 業(yè)主,甲方

Contractor 承包商,乙方

Subcontractor 分包商, 子承包商 pump house 泵房

headquarter 總部

lorry 卡車

transport Company運輸公司 schedule 時間表,進(jìn)度表

component 零部件,成分 size 尺寸,大小,尺碼

weight 重量,負(fù)擔(dān),砝碼 information 通知,信息,資料

equipment 設(shè)備,裝備,器材 instruction 指令,指示,說明書

huge 巨大的,極大的,無限的 front part 前部

rear part 后部 draft out 起草,制訂,設(shè)計

crane 吊車

SCR house 可控硅房

MCC house 電控房 foul-up 混亂,紊亂

circuit plate 電路板

replace 更換,替換,代替

revise 修訂,校對,修正,修改 brake shoe 剎車塊

wear out 磨損

instrument 儀表,器械,工具

emphasize 強調(diào),著重 safety 安全,保險,安全設(shè)備

operation 運轉(zhuǎn),操作,作業(yè) aspect外表,(問題等的)方面

bother 打擾,煩擾

fax 傳真

influence 影響,改變,感化 load 裝載,裝填,裝貨

unload 卸貨,擺脫,卸 be familiar with 熟悉

consult with 協(xié)商,商量

kilometer 千米,公里

suggestion 提議,意見,暗示 save 節(jié)省,保存,保全

in order 整齊,適宜,狀況良好 take into account 考慮,重視

guy 家伙,人

slope brace 斜拉筋

cross brace 橫拉筋 floor sill 底梁

rotary beam轉(zhuǎn)盤大梁 transmit power 送電,發(fā)電

standpipe 立管

rotary hose(旋轉(zhuǎn))水龍帶

drainage pipeline 排污管線

Campsite 營地

commissioning 試運轉(zhuǎn)、試車、調(diào)試 crownblock 天車

derrick ladder 井架扶梯 metal stake 游車墩子

traveling block 游車

guide line 引繩

drilling wireline 鉆井鋼絲繩 extension table(鉆臺)加寬臺

dog-house 司鉆休息室 auxiliary job 輔助工作

floor tools 鉆臺工具

kelly 方鉆桿

turbine(screw)drill 螺桿鉆具 rat hole 大鼠洞

mouse hole小鼠洞 rat holing 鉆鼠洞、鉆井底口袋

ahead of time 提前 high quality 高素質(zhì)

make up 配(鉆具)

Chapter IV Equipment(Spudding)Inspection By Company HSE Officer And Drilling Supervisor HSE官員及甲方鉆井監(jiān)督 設(shè)備（開鉆）驗收

At the entrance of the site, 8:00 a.m, the Rig Manager, the machinist and the electrician were waiting for the Company HSE officer and the Drilling Supervisor for equipment(spudding)inspection.早上8:00，井場入口處。平臺經(jīng)理、機械技師、電器技師正在等待甲方鉆井監(jiān)督和HSE官員的到來，進(jìn)行設(shè)備驗收（開鉆驗收）。

“Good morning, gentlemen,” the HSE officer greeted them.“早上好，先生們。”HSE官員向他們問候道。“Morning, Marsood.Morning, Email.” “早上好，Marsood。早上好，Email。”

“George, today’s inspection will be strictly performed depending on HSE principls and the regulations of Company.” Email said to the Rig Manager, very seriously: “This morning we’ll inspect the rig site and afternoon we’ll inspect the campsite.”

“George, 今天的開鉆驗收將嚴(yán)格按照HSE管理條例和甲方的條例要求執(zhí)行。”Email對平臺經(jīng)理道，神情很嚴(yán)肅。“上午驗收井場，下午驗收營地。”

“And I’ll fill in this Inspection Report in practice,” the HSE officer added, waving the paper in his hand.“我將根據(jù)驗收的實際情況填寫這份‘驗收報告’,”HSE官員揮舞著手中的開鉆驗收報告補充道。

“Take it easy, Email, Marsood.This is not our first time to take in Spudduing Inspection.We are full of confidences.”

“放心好了。Email，Marsood，開鉆驗收不是第一次，我們有信心。”

“Very good!” said the HSE officer: “There are 36 items to be filled in the report.If each item is filled in ‘Yes’, you’ll be OK.”

“有信心就好。”HSE官員道：“這份報告要填寫36項,只要這份報告的每一項都填上‘Yes’，你們就O.K了。”

“Mr.Hu, Mr.Ran, did you hear? Any equipment and anywhere pointed out by the HSE officer or the Supervisor need to be modified, you must organize people to complete the modification as soon as possible, never influence the spudding date due to delaying.” George instructed the two guys beside him.“胡技、冉技，對HSE官員和監(jiān)督指正的地方或需要整改的地方，立即組織人員加班加點的完成，決不能影響開鉆計劃。”平臺經(jīng)理對身邊的兩位技師吩咐道。

“I bring my notebook,” said the machinist.“我?guī)еP記本呢。”胡技道。

“Ok.Let’s begin, my Lord.” George posed himself for invitation.“開始吧，大人。”George對HSE官員、鉆井監(jiān)督做出請的姿勢。

There was a desk used to register for visitor at the entrance of the site.The HSE officer began to fill in the Spudding Record.在井場入口處有一張來訪者填寫來訪登記用的桌子。HSE官員開始在桌上填寫他的開鉆記錄。

“Site warning line, ‘Yes’;Emergence gathering point, ‘Yes’;Caution Board, ‘Yes’;Sign Boards for putting on safety hat, uniform, shoes, ‘Yes’.” The HSE officer soliloquized while he filled.“井場警戒線，有。緊急集合點，有。警示牌，有。戴安全帽、穿工裝、工鞋的標(biāo)志牌，有。”HSE官員邊填邊自語道。

“Where’s the Record of Site Entry Register?” asked the HSE officer.“入場登記記錄呢？”HSE官員問。

“In the drawer of the desk.” “在桌子抽屜里。”

Hu picked it out from the drawer and handed it to the HSE officer for checking.胡技師從抽屜里拿出來，遞給HSE官員檢查。

“The rest? Such as: Vehicle Pass In & Out Register;Fire Permit At Site Hazardous Area;Waste Treatment Records;Fire Emergency Program;Blowout Emergency Program etc.”

“其它哪些記錄呢？如：車輛出入登記、井場危險區(qū)動火許可證、廢物處理記錄、火災(zāi)應(yīng)急程序、井噴應(yīng)急程序等等在哪里？”

“Oh, they are in the meeting room,” Hu answered.“Shall I bring them for you to check now?” “我們都有，在會議室里。要不要現(xiàn)在拿來檢查？”胡技師問。

“No, thanks.I’ll check them later.” “不用。等會兒再去檢查。”

The HSE officer patrolled around the site to check whether the base of the site was level or not, whether the runway, the ramp and the casing frame were fixed well.HSE官員繞場巡視一周查看井場基礎(chǔ)是否平整, 跑道、坡道、套管架是否安裝好。

“All the surface casings and casing accessories for 26” hole have arrived?” “固26”井眼的表層套管及附件都到齊了嗎？”

“Not yet.BMC promised to send the rest 20 joints of 26”casing prior to the first spudding.” “只差20根20”套管，BMC公司答應(yīng)在一開前保證送到。”

“Email, help George to hasten BMC to send the rest casings as soon as possible.” HSE officer said to Email.“Email, 你幫他們催促一下。”HSE 官員對監(jiān)督道。

“OK, no problem.” “行，沒問題。”

“How many tons of cement have been delivered now?” “水泥到了多少噸？”

“There are 200t in four cement tanks.Enough for the first spudding,” answered George.“四個灰罐里還有200噸。完全夠一開固井用了。”George 回答道。

On the way to the substructure, the HSE officer inspected the workers, who were busy on the site, whether their dresses met with the requirements of HSE.在走向鉆機底座的路上，HSE官員檢查了場地上干活的工人們的著裝是否符合HSE的要求。

In the cellar, HSE officer asked the electrician: “Are the plug and the receptacle of immersible pump explosion-proof?”

在方井里，HSE官員問電器技師；“排污用潛水泵的插頭、插座都是防暴的嗎？”

“Yes.” “是的。”

“Turn on the lights, I am going to check the illuminating system of the substructure.” “打開底座照明燈，我要檢查底座的照明系統(tǒng)。”

The HSE officer climbed up the substructure to check the head-lamp one by one, meanwhile he also checked the connecting pins, safety pins and split pins that used to connect and fix the substructure.HSE官員爬上底座對每盞照明燈逐一進(jìn)行檢查, 同時檢查底座連接銷、安全銷、開口銷等。

Email checked the diverting device(poor boy), trip tank and drainage ditch, etc.beside the substructure.Email卻在檢查底座旁的分流器、補給灌、排污溝。

A moment later, they gathered by the cellar again.一會兒后，他們又聚集在方井旁。

“The lampshade threads of a light in the right substructure have been damaged.Need to change a new one.” The HSE officer found out the problem and filled it in the report.“右底座照明燈護(hù)罩絲扣損壞，需要更換，”HSE官員說著，將發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題填寫在驗收報告里。

“The drainage ditch around the substructure need to be dredged,” said Email, “Maybe it was plugged while installation.”

“底座四周的排污溝需要再疏通，”Email說：“可能是安裝時造成的堵塞。”

“Mr.Hu, Mr.Ran send guys to modify it right now.” George ordered.“胡技、冉技馬上派人整改。”

“And you haven’t laid off the wellhead hazard area.” added the HSE officer.“而且還沒劃出井口危險區(qū)域。” HSE官員補充道。

“We’ll do it soon.Ok?”

“我們立即劃出井口危險區(qū)域，行嗎？”

Prior to climbing up the drill floor, they came to the sand pit in front of the survival passage to check whether the pit depth and sand quantity meet to the requirement.上鉆臺前，他們來到逃身滑道前的沙坑,查看沙坑的深度和堆沙量是否符合要求。

On the ladder to the floor, the HSE officer shook the handrail and touched it with the gloves on his hands.The handrail was fixed and the gloves were very clean, no any smear.在通往鉆臺的扶梯上，HSE官員用戴著手套的手搖了搖扶手，又在上面摸了一下。扶手很牢固，手套也很干凈、沒污跡。

“All the handrails on the ladders are fixed, safety and very clean.Look, I also added the safety ropes for the ladders.” the Rig Manager felt proud, “I often tell my guys whenever they are free they must keep the equipment clean, including the handrails.”

“所有樓梯扶手都牢固、安全，而且還挺干凈！你看，我還為這些梯子加了安全繩呢，”平臺經(jīng)理很得意，“我常常告誡我的人隨時隨地要保持設(shè)備清潔，包括扶手在內(nèi)。”

“Just so-so.I hope you can keep it during the whole drilling operation.” “還行。希望整個鉆井過程中也能保持這樣。”

On the floor, the HSE officer squatted down to check whether the floor flat and the extended table were fixed well.After entering into the doghouse, he carefully checked the quick-connectors of switchboards, cables, explosion-proof air-conditioner and telephone.Then he counted the quantities of oxygen breathers and fire extinguishers configured for the floor, and checked whether the stretcher equipped for the First Aid.鉆臺上，HSE官員蹲下來檢查鉆臺面及加寬臺是否固定好，然后走進(jìn)入鉆臺司鉆休息室，對電閘、電纜的快速接頭、防暴空調(diào)、防暴電話進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)檢查。清點了氧氣呼吸器和滅火器的數(shù)量，是否配備緊急救護(hù)用的擔(dān)架。

Email stood in front of Martin.TOTOC, asking: “Has it been debugged ?” Email卻停留在馬丁.代克儀表前，問道：“儀表調(diào)試過了嗎？”

“Sure.No problem.” answered the electrician.“調(diào)式過了，沒問題。”電器技師回答道。

“Remember? During last 5th spud, Martin.TOTOC couldn’t print out log often while drilling.What was the problem?”

“記得嗎？上口井五開的時候，馬丁儀表經(jīng)常打不出隨鉆記錄報告，是什么原因？。”

“Oh, an element in the control board damaged.We purchased but failed at that time.Now it has been replaced.”

“哦，控制板有個元件壞了，當(dāng)時買不到，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)換了。”

“Remember.Company requires no intermission in log while drilling during operation, otherwise your day rate will be deducted.Last well, I held back a lot for you and didn’t report the

headquarters about this.”

“記住，甲方要求隨鉆記錄在鉆井過程中不能間斷，否則要扣日費。上口井多虧我?guī)湍銈冸[瞞了，沒向總部報告。”

“Thanks.This will never happen again.” “謝謝，這次不會了。”

Out of the doghouse, they began to check the equipment on the floor.The Rig Manager knew that the floor was the keystone to be checked.走出司鉆休息室，HSE官員、Email開始對鉆臺上設(shè)備進(jìn)行檢查。平臺經(jīng)理知道鉆臺是他們檢查的重點。

The HSE officer was in charge of inspecting circuit and air connections of mechanical units.HSE官員負(fù)責(zé)檢查機械設(shè)備的電路連接和氣路連接；

Email was in charge of inspecting the running condition of mechanical units — Weight Indicator, Pressure Gauge, Rotary Torque Indicator, DC Torque Gauge, Stroke Counter, Standpipe Pressure Gauge, Drawworks, DC Drilling Motor, Driller’s Control Console, Control Console of Top Drive, Air Hoist, whether the snub line, slings of balance hammer and deadline anchor were fixed and reliable or not.Email負(fù)責(zé)檢查機械設(shè)備及儀表—指重表、壓力表、轉(zhuǎn)盤扭矩表、鉆鋌上扣扭矩表、泵沖記數(shù)儀、立管壓力表、絞車，DC鉆井馬達(dá)、司控臺、頂驅(qū)控制臺、風(fēng)動絞車的運行情況，吊鉗尾繩、平衡錘吊繩、死繩固定器是否牢固、可靠。

“Start the drawworks,” the HSE officer ordered the driller, “Start ‘A’ motor first, then ‘B’ motor, at last parallel them.I’ll check whether the motors run in good order.” “啟動絞車，”HSE官員對司鉆道，“先開A馬達(dá)，再開B馬達(dá)，最后并車運行。我要檢查直流馬達(dá)是否工作正常。”

“Yes, sir.” The driller ran the drawworks in accordance with the HSE officer’s instruction.“是。”司鉆按照HSE官員的指令逐步啟動絞車。

Meanwhile, Email was checking the sensitivity of the brake system of the drawworks—testing main brake band, electromagnetic eddy brake, air brake and crownblock protector;the arrangement and perfection of the drilling line on the drum;the power to makeup and breakout.與此同時, Email卻在檢查絞車剎車系統(tǒng)的靈敏度—測試主剎帶、電磁渦流剎車、氣剎和防碰天車；滾筒鋼絲繩的排列和完好性；貓頭上、卸扣的力度。

The drawworks ran smoothly and no abnormal condition occurred.15 minutes later, the HSE officer moved his hand to the driller to stop.絞車運轉(zhuǎn)十分正常，沒發(fā)現(xiàn)任何異常情況。15分鐘后，HSE官員揮手叫司鉆把絞車停下來。

“Operate the 1#, 2# mud pumps at rated power of 120spm right now.Each pump runs for 5 minutes.”

“現(xiàn)在按泥漿泵的額定沖數(shù)120spm運轉(zhuǎn)1#、2#泥漿泵，每臺泵運行5分鐘。” minutes passed, the pumps ran very well.The HSE officer and the Drilling Supervisor had nothing to say.10分鐘過去了，兩臺泵運轉(zhuǎn)正常，HSE官員和監(jiān)督均無話可說。

“Has aligned the wellhead with 11” DC?” Email asked the driller.“用11”鉆鋌校正井口了嗎？”Email問司鉆。

“Sure, of course.” “當(dāng)然校正了。”

“Well, run the rotary table at 50, 80, 100, 120rpm, I’ll check whether it has unusual sound during rotating.”

“好，按50，80，100，120rpm轉(zhuǎn)動轉(zhuǎn)盤，我要檢查轉(zhuǎn)盤是否有異常聲音。”

The driller did according to his requirement.The HSE officer and the Supervisor listened carefully beside the table, it seemed that they wanted to hear something, but failed.5 minutes later, the rotary table was stopped.司鉆按監(jiān)督的速度要求運行轉(zhuǎn)盤, HSE官員和監(jiān)督在一旁仔細(xì)地監(jiān)聽，似乎要聽出點異常,可他們失望了。5分鐘后, 轉(zhuǎn)盤停了下來。

“Test the alert horn.” HSE officer ordered.“拉響報警器。”HSE官員道。

The horn sounded, but the distinguishability of(Hi-lo signal alarm)althorn and sackbut was not clearly.The HSE officer shook his head unsatisfiedly.警報響了，可高、低音喇叭分辨不清楚，HSE官員聽得直搖頭。

“We modify right now,” said the electrician in a hurry, “change the althorn.” “我們馬上整改，換高音喇叭。”胡技師趕緊道。

“Well.Check the illuminating system of the mast, now.” the HSE officer said to the electrician.“好的。現(xiàn)在檢查井架照明系統(tǒng)。” HSE官員對冉技道。

The electrician switched power supply for the system.The HSE officer looked up to check, and all the lights were shining.冉技合閘，接通井架照明系統(tǒng)電源。HSE官員仰頭查看，所有燈都亮著。

“Branch cable connection, lamp holder, lampshade of each lamp in the mast is safe and reliable? No problem?”

“井架上每盞燈的支線電纜的連接、燈座、護(hù)罩是不是都安全可靠，不會有問題吧？”

“Absolutely not.I did it myself.”

“井架上的照明電纜是我親自接的，絕對安全可靠。”

“I trust you.But I must climb up the mast to check them one by one.” he touched the electrician’s shoulder, “I also check whether the pins of the mast were fixed, whether inserted safety pins and split pins for them;whether the hose was tied well with safety line.You see, the stabbing board, the monkeyboard, the crownblock and the escape trolley need to be checked too.”

“相信你，但我還是要上去一一檢查。” HSE官員拍拍冉技師的肩頭。“我要檢查井架銷子是否牢固，插了安全銷沒有；水龍帶保險繩是否栓好；檢查套管對扣臺、二層臺、逃生裝置及天車的安裝情況。”

“Ok, I have to accompany you to climb up the mast.” “好吧，我陪你上去。”

While the two fellows climbed up the mast with safety belt, Email, George and the machinist went to the floor toolhouse.HSE官員、冉技系上安全帶上二層臺檢查去了。平臺經(jīng)理、機械技師和鉆井監(jiān)督走向鉆臺偏房。

As soon as entering into the toolhouse, George’s face went red immediately, feeling very embarrassed.What they saw was terrible.The floor tools—the hydraulic tongs, slips, elevator, bit breaker,and the hand tools in the tool cabinet —chain tongs, pipe tongs, wrenches, pliers(hand vice), screw driver, steel rulers, steel tape, scissors and adhesive tape, etc.were put in a complete mess.一走進(jìn)鉆臺偏房，平臺經(jīng)理的臉一下子紅了起來，極為尷尬。他們所見到的慘不忍睹。只見鉆臺工具—液氣大鉗、卡瓦、吊卡、鉆頭盒，以及工具柜里的手工具—鏈鉗、管鉗、扳手、鉗子、螺絲刀、鋼板尺、鋼卷尺、剪刀、膠粘帶等擺放得亂七八糟，一塌糊涂。

“Oh, no.” George wailed before the Supervisor complained: “Don’t fill this in the report, please.Give me an hour, I’ll get everything in apple-pie order.”

“噢，不要。”不等監(jiān)督開口，George先說道：“別記錄，給我一個小時，我把這里搞得規(guī)規(guī)矩矩、井井有條。”

“You are smart.” “算你聰明。”

“What’s wrong, Hu?” George roared to his machinist in a bad temper, “If the spudding date is influenced, you’ll lose you bonus.”

“怎么搞的，胡大班？”George對他的技師發(fā)怒道。“影響了開鉆，我要扣你的獎金。”

“Yesterday afternoon, I arranged Shift 2 to do it,” murmured the machinist, feeling very grievance.“昨天下午，我安排二班收拾的。”胡大班喃喃道，心頭受訓(xùn)感到十分委屈。

The pipeline connection from the pumps to the standpipe was also checked prior to ending the floor inspection.在結(jié)束鉆臺檢查之前，他們還檢查了泥漿泵到立管的管線連接。

In circulation & solid control system, the HSE officer firstly checked the mud and fresh water prepared for the first spudduing, then the cable slot, wiring condition of shale shaker, vacuum degasser, centrifuge and illuminating system, at last he asked to run the units as per its rated power.循環(huán)固控系統(tǒng)，HSE官員首先檢查了泥漿罐里為一開準(zhǔn)備的泥漿和清水，然后檢查泥漿罐上的電纜槽、振動篩、真空除氣器、離心機和照明系統(tǒng)的電路情況并要求按這些設(shè)備的額定功率試運行這些設(shè)備。

Email checked the connections between No.1 to No.5 mud tanks, including butterfly valves, pit level devices in the tanks and the work condition of desilters, desanders, degassers, mud guns, agitators on the tanks.Email檢查了1~5號泥漿罐各罐之間的連接，罐里的蝶閥、液位標(biāo)尺，罐上的除泥器、除砂器、除氣器、泥漿槍、攪拌器的工作狀況。

“George, the butterfly valve of No.2 tank has a little leakage.Two mud guns are rusted seriously.You didn’t maintain them, right?”

“George，2#罐蝶閥滴漏，泥漿槍有點銹蝕，沒有進(jìn)行潤滑保養(yǎng)，是吧？”

“It’s impossible, Email.Maybe it’s the reason of being used for a long time.” George explained.“不會吧，Email。可能是泥漿槍用久了的緣故吧。”George辯解到。

“I don’t care.No matter what reasons, you must send a guy to maintain them, otherwise…” “我不管，反正你得派人搞一下。否則?...”

“Yes, sir.” George interrupted him.“遵命。”George打斷他的話。

At last, the HSE officer said: “Show me the mud level records!”

最后SHE官員問：“把泥漿液面觀察記錄拿來看看？”

“Here you are.” The machinist hand in the record notebook, which was hanged beside the centrifuge.“給。”胡技師把掛在離心機旁的記錄本交給HSE官員。

In the weighting house, the HSE officer met the mud engineer who was guiding the local labors to convey barite.在配藥房HSE官員遇見了正在指揮當(dāng)?shù)孛窆ぐ徇\重晶石的泥漿工程師。

“Do you prepare eyewash for the workers?” “備有洗眼液嗎？”他問。

“Of course.It’s over there,” said the mud engineer, pointing the eyewash by the rinsing pool.“有，在哪兒。”泥漿工程師指著放在洗手池旁洗眼液說。

“You should paste a clear sign of eyewash over there so that to satisfy HSE requirements,” the HSE officer blamed, “Look, without your reminding of me, I couldn’t find it.” “應(yīng)該在那里貼上洗眼液的明顯標(biāo)志，這樣才符合HSE要求。”HSE官員責(zé)備道：“瞧，要不是你提醒，我根本找不到。”

“I see, my lord.” “明白了，大人。”

“Start the weighting pump,” the HSE officer ordered the mud Engineer, ”I’d like to check its running condition.”

“啟動加重泵，”HSE官員對泥漿工程師命令道，“我要看看它的運行情況。”

The mud engineer knew that he wanted to check whether it was connected to the hopper, whether the hopper worked normally.泥漿工程師知道他要檢查加重泵是否與漏斗連接，漏斗能否正常工作。

After inspecting the solid control system, they came to the pump house.The assistant driller and two roughnecks were busy on No.1 mud pump.檢查完固控系統(tǒng)，他們來到泵房。副司鉆和2個鉆工在1號泵上忙碌著。

“What’s wrong?” asked Email, “any troubles with the pump? It was all right a moment, right?” “怎么回事，”Email問道，“泵出現(xiàn)問題了？剛才試運行不是好好的碼？”

“Nothing.I informed them to replace the liner and the piston,” answered the machinist, “when operated the pumps, the small size liner of No.1 pump wasn’t replaced in time during moving.You know, opening the hole with 26” bit needs big displacement, so the small size liner needs to be changed into 190mm.It’ll be completed soon.” “沒什么。我通知他們換缸套活塞。”機械大班回答道：“剛才試泵的時候，1號泵還是小尺寸缸套活塞，在搬遷時沒來得急更換。你知道，26”井眼開鉆需要大排量，因此1號泵要換成190mm缸套活塞。很快就換好了。”

“After the liner replaced, try to run it again,” said the HSE officer.“換好后再試運行一下，”HSE官員道。

“Yes, Sir.” “是。”

No more questions, Email and the HSE officer began to check DC motors, power supply wiring of two pumps, valves and unions of In and Out pipelines.Email與HSE官員不再多問，開始檢查兩臺泥漿泵的DC馬達(dá)，電源連接，進(jìn)、出口管線閘

門和由壬。

“Ran, come on,” the HSE officer shouted to the electrician, pointing the cable connector of DC motor of No.2 pump, “The insulating tape winding the cable connector is aging.The cablehead will be naked out soon, I estimate.It needs to be wrapped(wind)again.”

“冉技師，過來一下，”HSE官員對電器技師喊道，指著2#泵DC馬達(dá)，說：“電纜接頭纏繞的膠布老化了，估計用不了多久線頭就會裸露出來，需要重新纏繞。”HSE官員對電器技師說。

“I’ll wind the insulating tape for the two pumps over again.” “我馬上把兩臺泵接線頭都重新纏繞一遍。”

Out from the SCR house, MCC house and entering into the Generator House, the HSE officer said to the Drilling Supervisor, “The American’s products are unquestionable indeed.I hardly find out any defects.”

從干凈、整潔的SCR和MCC房里出來進(jìn)入發(fā)電機房，SHE官員對鉆井監(jiān)督說：“美國佬的產(chǎn)品確實無可挑剔，我簡直找不出什么毛病。”

“That’s because you are not familiar with them,” said Email, “Last well, something wrong with the modules of No.3, No.4 control cubicles, it brought them a lot of troubles and almost caused a downtime.”

“那是你不太熟悉他們罷了，”Email道：“上口井，SCR房里的3#柜、4#柜里面的模塊出了問題還不是一樣的麻煩，差點造成停鉆事故。”

“Oh, I see.To me, electric is very complex.” The HSE officer shook his shoulder helplessly.“哦，對我而言，電這個東西確實太復(fù)雜了。”HSE官員無奈地聳聳肩。

“Shall I start 4 CATs for inspection?” asked the motorman while they were chatting.談話間，機房司機問要不要啟動四臺CAT 3512發(fā)動機組讓他們驗收

“Only start No.2 generator sets to check running condition.” “啟動 2#機組，我們看看運行情況就行了。”

Later, in the oil tank battery, they checked valves, pipeline connection of fuel tanks and the motor that used to transfer the fuel oil.隨后，在油罐區(qū)，他們檢查了幾個燃油罐的閥門、管線連接和高架罐的油泵馬達(dá)。

Outside of the remote control station, Email checked the valves and unions in the control manifold carefully to find out whether there is a leakage or not.在遠(yuǎn)程控制房的外面，Email仔細(xì)檢查了控制管線的閥門和由壬，查看有無泄漏。

In the station, Email and the HSE officer checked whether the independent automatic accumulator unit of the control system for BOP stacks was in good condition, whether the remote

control panel clearly showing open and close positions for preventers and the hydraulic operated kill / choke line valves.Without recharging, whether the accumulator capacity was adequate for closing and opening all preventers and closing again the annular and one ram type preventer and hold them closed against the rated BOP WP.遠(yuǎn)程控制房里，Email和 HSE官員檢查了用于防噴器組控制系統(tǒng)的獨立自動儲能裝置是否狀態(tài)良好；遙控臺上是否清楚標(biāo)識防噴器和液壓操作壓井/節(jié)流管線閥門的開位和關(guān)位。勿需再充氮，儲能量是否適合關(guān)閉和打開所有的防噴器，再關(guān)閉環(huán)空和一個閘板防噴器并針對額定的BOP工作壓力保持其關(guān)閉。

At the same time, they also checked the low pressure warning alarm and the low fluid level warning alarm equipped in the station.同時，他們還檢查了遠(yuǎn)控房里配備的低壓報警和低液位報警裝置。

“Ok, not bad.The configuration of the station completely satisfies HSE requirements.” The HSE officer gave his comment.“不錯。遠(yuǎn)控房的配置完全滿足HSE要求。”HSE官員評價道。

As soon as entering into the fire-fighting house, what stroke their eyes were the fire-fighting tools put in apple-pie order.The fire-fighting axes, shovels, buckets, fire blankets and fire hoses were hung as consistent with the layout lines on the walls.The fire extinguishers on the ground met HSE layout requirements completely.最后他們走進(jìn)消防房。只見消防工具—消防斧、消防鏟、消防桶、滅火毯、消防管線按壁上的畫線，擺放得井然有序，地上擺放的滅火器整整齊齊，完全符合SHE對消防設(shè)備的擺放要求。

“How many extinguishers equipped in total?” HSE officer asked.“一共配備了多少瓶滅火器？”SHE官員問。

“Equipped according to HSE standard.10 liters foam extinguisher, 12 bottles;10 liter powder extinguisher, 12 bottles.”

“滅火器是按SHE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配備的。10升泡沫滅火器12瓶、10升干粉滅火器12瓶。”

“Prepared fire sand?” asked Email.“防火砂準(zhǔn)備沒有？”Email問。

“Sure, at the left side of the substructure,” answered George, “Shall I show you?” “當(dāng)然準(zhǔn)備了，在底座左邊，”George回答道：“要不要帶你去看看。”

“Not necessary.” “不必了。”

The HSE officer began to check the labels, valid date and the latch of the extinguisher, whether it worked or not.SHE官員檢查這些滅火器的有效期、標(biāo)簽以及鎖銷是否工作。

“George, the powder extinguishers only have a month’s valid date.I think you should order new ones.”

“George, 干粉滅火器的有效期還有一個月，我想你們該訂購了。”

“We’ve listed it in our procurement schedule.” “這個已列在我們的采購計劃中。”

Out of the rig-site, HSE officer asked George: “How many searchlights are used to illuminate the whole site?”

走出井場，SHE官員問平臺經(jīng)理：“井場照明用了幾盞探照燈？”

“20 searchlights around the site.”

“整個井場用了20盞探照燈，分別在井場四周。”

“Install another 2 searchlights at air drilling package, make the front site lighter at night, Ok.” The HSE officer suggested.“在空鉆設(shè)備處加2盞探照燈，使前場更晚上更亮點。” HSE官員建議道。

“Good idea.” “沒問題。”

“It’s time for inspecting the clinic.” The SHE officer offered.“走，看看你們的醫(yī)務(wù)室。” HSE官員提出要對醫(yī)務(wù)室進(jìn)行檢查。

In clinic, Mr.Liu, the doctor of the Drilling Crew, was busy in assorting and registering the messed medicine and medical appliances due to moving.醫(yī)務(wù)室里，隨隊的劉醫(yī)生正在將藥品及醫(yī)療器械歸類、登記。

“Hi, Dr.Liu.” greeted the HSE officer, offering his hand.“你好，劉醫(yī)生。” HSE官員伸手問候道。

“Hi, Marsood.Welcome.” Dr.Liu held his hand.“你好，Marsood。歡迎檢查。”

Checking the medical instruments, the medicine cabinet, First Aid equipment according to HSE requirements, the HSE officer felt satisfaction with what Dr.Liu did.HSE 官員按HSE要求檢查了醫(yī)療器械、藥品柜、急救設(shè)備，感到很滿意。

“Very good.Doctor Liu,” he appreciated, “However, next month is summer, the weather will be much hotter in this region.You should prepare abundant medicine for sunstroke prevention.” “很好，劉醫(yī)生。”他稱贊道。“不過，下個月就進(jìn)入夏季了，這個地區(qū)天氣較為炎熱，應(yīng)配備充足的防暑降溫藥品。”

“Sure.This shift I bring some traditional Chinese medicines for sunstroke prevention.I think no problem.”

“那是當(dāng)然，這輪班我?guī)┓朗罱禍氐闹兴庍^來，應(yīng)該沒問題。”

“Snakes often appear in this region in summer days.Do you prepare any blood serums for emergence?”

“這地區(qū)常有毒蛇出沒，配備了應(yīng)急用的些血清沒有？”

“A little, only three serums.It’s very difficult to buy this kind of anti-toxin serum.” “有，但只有三只。這種血清在市場上很難買到。”

“I’ll try to help you.” HSE officer promised.“我給你們想想辦法。” HSE官員承諾道。

“Thank you in advance.” “那就謹(jǐn)先致謝。”

In the afternoon, accompanied by the Camp Manager, the HSE officer inspected all the camp establishments--kitchen, dining-room, storeroom, employee’s caravans, laundry and bathroom, etc.He wanted to know whether these establishments could be up to the HSE standard of sanitation.下午，HSE官員在營地經(jīng)理陪同下對營地設(shè)施—廚房、餐廳、儲藏室、員工住房、洗衣房、衛(wèi)生間進(jìn)行檢查，看衛(wèi)生條件能不能達(dá)到HSE的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。

In the laundry, HSE officer tested two washing machines and two dryers.洗衣房里，HSE官員試了二臺洗衣機和二臺干洗機。

“Look, that washing machine doesn’t work.Why not to send it to be repaired?” “瞧，那臺臺洗衣機壞了，為什么沒送去修理？”

“The laundry and its equipment are still in the guarantee period.We have touched the supplier, and he promised to send a repairman to repair it soon.”

“洗衣房及其設(shè)備還在保修期內(nèi)，我們已經(jīng)供貨商聯(lián)系過了，他們答應(yīng)很快派人來修理。”

The next door was the bathroom, the HSE officer ordered the camp manager to open all the waterlines to check the taps and the showers.洗衣房隔壁是浴室，HSE官員叫營地經(jīng)理打開所有水管線檢查水龍頭和蓬頭。

“Two showers damaged.One waterline leaked.They should have been replaced or repaired, why?” the HSE officer asked unhappily.“浴室里有兩個蓬頭壞了，水管線也漏水，為什么沒有更換和修理？” HSE官員不悅地問道。

“Sorry.We just settled down, having no time to consider this.But I’ll send a guy to modify at once.”

“對不起，我們剛安定下來，沒來得及。不過，我馬上派人整改。”

“Remember, next time, no sorry.” The HSE officer said seriously, meanwhile he filled what he had found in the report.“記住，下次可沒有對不起，”HSE官員嚴(yán)厲道，同時記錄在驗收報告里。

In this case, the Camp Manager began to be a little worried because he did not know what would happen in the next during inspection.這種情況下，營地經(jīng)理開始擔(dān)心起來因為他不知道接著會出什么事。

The HSE officer frown as he saw the flies flying all round in the dining-room, saying: “ Mr.Tang, look, so many flies, you should equip a unit for the dining-room to drive out of the flies.To have dinner in a clean and comfortable circumstance, it will be good for the employee’s health.” 在餐廳，看見四處飛舞的蒼蠅，HSE官員皺了皺眉頭說：“唐經(jīng)理，餐廳里的蒼蠅太多，應(yīng)該有一臺驅(qū)蒼蠅設(shè)備。這樣員工們在干凈的環(huán)境里就餐，會對身體有好處。”

“The unit is being purchased.I’m sure you’ll have different feelings while you come to inspect next time.”

“我們正在積極采購，下次你來檢查感覺肯定不一樣。”

“I hope so.” “但愿如此。”

At night, in the meeting room at site, HSE officer affirmed today’s inspection referring his Inspection Report, and offered his suggestions about modification according to HSE principles.晚上，井場會議室，HSE官員對今天的驗收給予了肯定，也提出了整改意見。

“Anyway, few places need to be modified.I hope that you complete the modifications as soon as possible, otherwise the spudding date will be delayed,” said the HSE officer.“總之，需要整改的地方不多，希望你們盡快完成，不影響開鉆日期。” HSE官員道。

“Set your heart at rest.I guarantee we’ll complete the modification in a day,” the Rig Manager promised, “ and spud on time.”

“你放心，一天之內(nèi)我保證整改完畢，”平臺經(jīng)理承諾道：“保證按時開鉆。”

“Well, I’ll consign the last inspection to Email,” HSE officer said, “If he thinks OK, you’ll be OK.” “那好，最后的整改驗收，我委托Email執(zhí)行。”HSE官員道：“如果他認(rèn)為行了，你們就過關(guān)了。”

Vocabulary spudding inspection 開鉆驗收

regulation 規(guī)章,規(guī)則,調(diào)節(jié) fill in 填充

in practice實踐,實際上,熟練

take in接受,接待,吸收,理解

confidence信心

modify修改,更改,整改

instruct教導(dǎo),命令,指示,通知 register登記,注冊,記錄

caution board警示牌 sign board標(biāo)志牌

patrol出巡、巡邏 runway跑道

ramp坡道

catwalk 狹窄的過道,高空走道;高臺,天車臺

catworks 輔助(貓頭)絞車,絞車的貓頭部分 casing frame套管架

surface casing表層套管 casing accessories 套管附件

casing adapter 套管異徑接頭

casing anchor 套管錨

casing anchor packer 套管錨封隔器 casing annulus 套管環(huán)空

casing appliances 下套管工具

casing centralizer 套管扶正器

casing check valve 套管止回閥, 套管回壓凡爾 casing clamps 套管卡子

casing collapse 套管擠壞

casing collar 套管接箍

casing connecting spool 雙法蘭短節(jié) casing connection 套管連接

casing deformation 套管變形 casing dog 套管打撈矛

casing elevator 套管吊卡 casing failure 套管斷裂,套管損壞

casing fitting 套管配件 casing float collar 套管浮箍

casing float valve 套管浮閥 casing gauge 套管絲扣規(guī)

casing guide shoe 套管引鞋

casing-head spool 套管頭四通

casinghead squeeze 套管頭擠水泥 casing-head top 套管頭頂

casing hold-down ring 套管頭壓緊環(huán) attachment附件,附加裝置

hasten催促,趕緊,促進(jìn) cement水泥,注水泥,結(jié)合劑,膠結(jié)劑

cement tank灰罐 plug 插頭

receptacle插座 diving pump 潛水泵

explosion-proof防爆 illuminating system照明系數(shù)

head lamp照明燈 connecting pin連接銷

safety pin安全銷

split pin開口銷

diverting device(poor boy)分流器 drainage ditch排污溝

lampshade燈罩

dredge挖掘,疏通

wellhead hazard area井口危險區(qū)域 sand pit 沙坑

survival passage逃生滑道 handrail扶手

glove手套

smear油跡,污點,涂上,抹掉,除污

squat down蹲、蹲下 floor flat 鉆臺面

extended table加寬臺

doghouse司鉆休息室

quick-connector快速接頭 switchboards配電盤,配電板

oxygent breather氧氣呼吸器 fire extingwisher滅火器

configure配置,設(shè)定 stretcher擔(dān)架

First Aid緊急救護(hù) debug調(diào)試,調(diào)試工具;排除

print out打印 log while drilling隨鉆記錄

control board控制板 intermission間斷

hold back隱瞞

keystone重點

circuit connection電路連接 air connection氣路連接

weight indicator指重表

pressure gauge壓力表

rotary torque indicator轉(zhuǎn)盤扭矩表 DC motor直流電機

AC motor交流電機

air hoist風(fēng)動絞車

DC torque gauge鉆鋌上扣扭矩表 stroke counter泵沖記數(shù)儀

standpipe pressure gauge立管壓力表 snub line吊鉗尾繩

balance harmmer平衡錘 sling吊繩

deadline anchor死繩固定器 sensitivity敏感系數(shù)（度）,靈敏性

brake system剎車系統(tǒng) electromagnetic eddy brake電磁渦流剎車

air brake氣剎 crownblock protector(saver)防碰天車

drum滾筒

rated power額定功率

align對準(zhǔn),校正,校直 alert horn報警器

althorn高音喇叭 lampshade燈罩

lampholder燈座

safety line保險繩

stabbing board對扣臺（套管）escape trolley逃生滑車

safety belt安全帶

floor toolhouse鉆臺偏房

hydraulic tong液氣大鉗 slip卡瓦

elevator吊卡

bit breaker鉆頭盒

tool cabinet工具柜 chain tong鏈鉗

pipe tong管鉗

wrench板手

pliers鉗子、老虎鉗 steel ruler鋼圈尺

scissor剪刀

adhesive tape膠粘帶

fresh water清水

cable slot電纜槽

vacuum degasser真空除氣器 rated power額定功率

butterfly valve蝶閥 pit level device液位標(biāo)尺

desilter除泥器

desander除砂器

degasser除氣器 mud gun泥漿槍

agitator攪拌器 leakage漏,泄漏,滲漏

rust鐵銹,（使）生銹 mud volume泥漿體積

weighting house加重房 barite重晶石

eyewash洗眼液

rinsing pool洗手池

weighting pump加重泵 hopper漏斗

piston活塞

union油壬

cable connetor電纜接頭 age老化

insulating tape絕緣膠布 defect缺陷、缺點

control cubicle控制柜 downtime停鉆

oil tank battery油罐區(qū) fuel tank燃油罐、高架罐

fuel oil燃油

remote control station遠(yuǎn)控房

control manifold控制管匯 automatic accumulator unit自動儲能裝置

tap水龍頭

BOP stacks防噴器組

remote control panel遠(yuǎn)控臺 shower蓬頭

kill line 壓井管線 choke line節(jié)流管線

preventer防噴器 annular環(huán)空

ram閘板

WP（working pressure）工作壓力

low pressure低壓 low fluid level低液位

fire-fighting消防

fire blanket消防毯

fire hose 消防水龍帶

foam extinguisher泡沫滅火器

powder extinguisher干粉滅火器

fire sand防火砂

valid date 有效期 latch鎖銷

searchlight探照燈

medical instrument醫(yī)療器械

establishment設(shè)施、確定、制定 kitchen廚房

dining-room餐廳 storeroom儲藏室

laundry洗衣房

bathroom衛(wèi)生間

washing machine洗衣機 dryer干燥機、干洗機

guarantee period保修期

Chapter V Drilling Operation 鉆井作業(yè)

At midnight, George, the Rig Manager, was woken up from dream, looking at his watch beside the pillow, it was 4 a.m.before dawn.In the mist, he wanted to go asleep again, suddenly he reminded that today was the spudding date of TBK-3, so his drowsiness disappeared at once.He got up, put on his uniform and rushed to the rig-site.Only 3 hours and 18 minutes left to the spudding time, he would complete the final safety inspection prior to spudding during this period.深夜，平臺經(jīng)理George從夢中驚醒，看了看放在枕邊的手表，才凌晨4點鐘。迷糊中，他準(zhǔn)備再次入睡，可猛然想起今天是TBK-3井的開鉆日，頓時睡意全消。他趕緊起床、穿衣，奔向井場。現(xiàn)在離開鉆時間還剩3小時又18分鐘，他要在這段時間里作開鉆前的最后安全檢查。

On the rig floor, George asked the driller who was operating the brake handle: “Have you completed to make up the strings for the first spudding?”

鉆臺上，George問操作剎把的司鉆，道：“一開的鉆具配好了嗎？”

“Two hours ahead of time.” “提前兩小時就配好了。”

“The BHA of the first spudding is…?” “一開的鉆具組合是?..？”

“26” bit + 11”float valve + 11” drilling jar + 11”DC + 11” crossover sub + 9”DC + 9” crossover sub + 8”DC + 8” crossover sub + 5 1/2”DP.” “26”鉆頭+ 11”浮閥+ 11”隨鉆震擊器+ 11”鉆鋌+ 11”轉(zhuǎn)換接頭+9”鉆鋌+9”轉(zhuǎn)換接頭+8”鉆鋌+8”轉(zhuǎn)換接頭+ 5 1/2”鉆桿。”

“OK.The design depth of first spud is 893m.How many meters of drill pipe have been lifted from the drill box to the pipe rack? “

“OK，一開的設(shè)計井深為893米。從鉆桿盒里吊了多少米鉆桿到鉆桿架上？”

“Over 800 meters.” “吊了800多米。”

“Has the wellhead been aligned?” “校正井口沒有？”

“Yeah.The Toolpusher has done it.” “帶班隊長校正過了。”

“Well done.Lift another 300m drill pipe to the pipe rack, and then tell your guys to take a short rest.Use an hour to get the floor tools in tidy for saluting the spudding.”

“很好。再吊300米鉆桿到鉆桿架上，然后叫大伙兒稍作休息。用一小時的時間將鉆臺工具收拾規(guī)矩，迎接開鉆。”

“Ok, sir.”

“好的，頭兒。”

Finishing the floor inspection, he went to the circulation & solid control system along the ladder.檢查完鉆臺，George順著扶梯走向循環(huán)固控系統(tǒng)。

“Xiao Li.” George ordered the roughneck who was cleaning the mud equipment, “Start the three Derrick shale shakes, centrifuge, charge pump, and check their running condition carefully again.” “小李，將三臺Derrick振動篩、離心機、灌注泵啟動起來，再仔細(xì)檢查檢查一下它們的運行情況。”George對正在清潔設(shè)備的撈砂工命令道。

“Ok, sir.”

“好的，頭兒。”

As soon as Xiao Li switched the power on, the equipment started to run at once.George listened for a while, a smile showed on his face.小李一合上電閘，設(shè)備立即運轉(zhuǎn)起來。George聽了一會兒，臉上爬上滿意的微笑。

“You must keep them in normal operation after spudding, frequently observe outlet return during drilling.”

“開鉆后一定要保證它們的正常運轉(zhuǎn)，勤觀察出口的返出情況。”

“No problem.I guarantee.” “沒問題，我保證！”

On No.4 mud tank, George met the mud engineer, Chang Lin, on night tour, who just came out from the barite house nearby.His uniform was covered with white mud materials.在4#泥漿罐上，George遇見了上夜班的泥漿工程師常林，他剛從配藥房出來，工作服上滿是白色泥漿材料。

“Hi, Mr.Chang.Mud for the first spudding is ready?” “你好，常工。一開需要的泥漿配齊了沒有？”

“Sure.According to the Drilling Program about the drilling fluid in this well, drilling 26” hole with air/foam or foam mud, I mixed up 120 m3 foam mud with density of 65 pcf.Besides, I vacated two mud tanks for mixing up LCM(lost circulation material)mud whenever if necessary.” “配齊了。根據(jù)這口井對鉆井液的指令要求，26”井眼用空氣/泡沫或泡沫泥漿，我配了120 m3泥漿密度為65pcf（1.04g/cm3）的泡沫泥漿。另外，我還騰出兩個罐隨時調(diào)配堵漏泥漿。”

“You considered in all aspects!” appreciated George, “The drilling progress of this well will rely on your mud.”

“你想得很周到，”George贊賞道：“這口井的進(jìn)度全仰仗你們泥漿了。”

“We’ll try our best.But you must guarantee our water supply this time, otherwise…” “我們會全力以赴的！但這次一定要保證泥漿用水，否則?..”

“I’ll also try my best to guarantee that,” George interrupted him, promising solemnly.“我會想辦法保證的。”George打斷他，鄭重地承諾道。

In the pump house, he met the Toolpusher, zhou Hua, who was performing routine inspection.在泵房，他與巡回例檢的帶班隊長周華相遇。

“So, you can’t set your heart at rest and come to check?” “怎么，不放心，還要來看看？”

“Of course.You know the responsibility on my shoulders.The drilling cycle of this well was reduced.If the spud is not our day that some troubles occur, we…”

“那是當(dāng)然。你知道我肩上的責(zé)任。這口井鉆井周期減少了，如果開鉆不順，出了漏子?..”

“Stop, my manager.Don’t speak unlucky words.We’ll be successful.” “打住吧，我的經(jīng)理。我們不需要聽不吉利的話，我們會成功的！”

“Successful!” repeated George.“Has the SCR house, MCC house and the wellhead been checked?” “會成功的！”George重復(fù)道：“SCR房、MCC房還有井口都檢查了嗎？”

“Yeah.All are in normal condition.They’re waiting for your order.” “一切正常，只等你一聲令下。”

“OK.At 7 o’clock,” George issued his first order, “inform all the guys on tour to gather at the wellhead.Kill the goat to hold a memorial ceremony for the well.” “好。7點正，通知所有上班人員井口聚齊。殺羊，祭井。”

“Who’s the killer?” “殺手是誰？

“Laden, the local labor we employed(hired).For the ceremony, the Camp Manager and Laden

went down the hill to buy the goat.”

“我們雇請的當(dāng)?shù)貏诠aden。為了祭井，昨天營地管理員（營地經(jīng)理）和Laden還專門下山一趟買這只羊。”

“The Supervisor isn’t against killing, is he? He is a Christian.” “監(jiān)督不反對殺生嗎？他可是個基督徒。”

“He knows the local customs and habits, as well as Chinese habit to seek luck.Even the spudding time why we chose 7:18, the interpreter explained to him, he agreed to it completely，thinking 18 is a lucky number.”

“他知道這是當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，也知道中國人圖吉利的習(xí)慣。就連開鉆時間為什么選定7點18分，翻譯給他解釋了，他也很贊同，認(rèn)為18是個吉利數(shù)字。”

Backed to the office, George felt more sureness.回到辦公室，George感覺更踏實些。

Last night, Email, the Drilling Supervisor, came to his office to discussed the Drilling Program and Drilling Cycle issued by Company with him and emphasized the shortages existed in the last well.昨晚，監(jiān)督Email來到辦公室同他探討甲方給這口井的下達(dá)的指令書和鉆井周期，著重強調(diào)了打上口井存在的不足。

“George, the design depth is 3380m, same depth as the last well, but the drilling cycle is only given 85 days, 30 days less than the last well.”

“George, 這口井的設(shè)計井深同上口井一樣是3380多米，而鉆井周期只給了85天，比上口井的鉆井周期要少了30天。”

“I know.We have preparation in mind.” “我知道。我們有思想準(zhǔn)備。”

“In the Drilling Program, Company summarized the troubles encountered in the last well in four aspects: “鉆井指令書里，甲方對上口井所遇到的麻煩總結(jié)了四點： 1.Considerable time lost due to caving formation, losses and kicks.由于垮塌層、井漏和井涌事故損失了大量的鉆井時間；

2.Unavailability of the air drilling package in the 26” hole section and the mid

section of the 17 1/2” hole.在26”井眼和17 1/2”井眼中段未能有效使用空鉆設(shè)備；

3.Inappropriate casing setting depths.套管坐封位置不恰當(dāng)；

4.Not having a consistent water supply.”

供水不足。”

After the Supervisor finished his statement, George said: “Email, about the first point, we have studied out a set of effective schemes to deal with downhole problems, such as caving, loss, kick and shrink(tight)hole etc.and use them at corresponding intervals.在監(jiān)督陳述后，George 說：“Email，關(guān)于第一點，我已經(jīng)同我方的工程技術(shù)人員研究出一套對付垮塌、漏層、井涌、縮徑等井下事故有效方案，在這口井的相應(yīng)井段使用。”

He halted for a moment, then continued: “About air drilling package, we’ll add two air compressors to increase the displacement from 100m3/min to 165m3/min.That can completely meet the requirement of drilling operation.” 他停頓了一下，接著道：“關(guān)于空鉆設(shè)備，這口井我們將新增2臺空壓機，排量從100m3/min提高到165m3/min是完全能滿足鉆井需要的。”

“Inappropriate casing setting depths,” he thought for a while, saying: ”some were due to your supervisor’s wrong order or inappropriate measurements.To solve the problem of consistent water supply at all, I think, only through Company to assort with the local Drilling Crew.” “套管坐封不到位，”他想了想，說：“那是你們監(jiān)督的作業(yè)指令有誤或措施不當(dāng)造成的。要想根本解決水的問題，我想只有通過甲方與當(dāng)?shù)劂@井隊協(xié)調(diào)才能得到解決。”

“About water supply, I’ll urge Company to solve it.Don’t worry.” “關(guān)于生產(chǎn)用水，我會敦促甲方的，這一點盡管放心好了。”

“If it is so, we are sure to complete the well successfully.” George encouraged himself.He believed he had the ability as well as his employees did.“如果是這樣，這口井我們肯定會成功”George鼓勵著自己。他相信自己有這個能力，也相信他員工們也有這個能力。

At 7:18 in the morning, 26”bit was fed into the hole.Email, George and the Toolpusher stood behind the driller, watching him adjusting each drilling parameter: 7點18”，26”鉆頭準(zhǔn)時入井。George、Email和帶班隊長站在司鉆背后，看著他在司控臺上調(diào)整各個鉆井參數(shù)：

Rotary Speed: 50-70rpm;

轉(zhuǎn)盤轉(zhuǎn)速:

50-70轉(zhuǎn)/分;WOB(Weight on Bit): 1-2t;

鉆壓:

1-2T;Pump Pressure: 1 Mpa;

泵壓:

1Mpa;Pump Stroke(No.1): 60-70/min;

泵沖（1號泵）: 60-70/min;Pump Stroke(No.2): 60-70/min;

泵沖（2號泵）: 60-70/min;Displacement: 50-60l/s.排量:

50--60l/s。

The driller fed the bit in a moderate and justified speed;footage deepened a meter by a meter.Spudding got along smoothly.Everybody’s face showed satisfying smile.司鉆均勻、平穩(wěn)送鉆，進(jìn)尺一米一米的往下加深。開鉆順利，大家臉上爬上了滿意的笑容。

“Email, good beginning is half of success.Good spudding means an omen of success.” George said to the supervisor beside him.“Email, 良好的開端是成功的一半。鉆開得不錯, 是個好兆頭。”George對身旁的監(jiān)督說。

“I hope so.” Email was not so optimism as him, saying: “But I should remind of you to fully realize the geological condition of the first spudding interval of 893m, master the geological features of each formation described in Drilling Program: “但愿如此！”Email并不象他這樣樂觀，說：“不過，我要提醒你要充分了解一開893米井段的地質(zhì)情況，仔細(xì)閱讀作業(yè)指令里描述的每一個層段的地質(zhì)特性。

The Gashsaran Formation is approximately 167m thick and is consisted of mainly anhydrite and interbedded anhydritic limestone and red, grey marls;Gachsaran 地層167米厚，主要為硬石膏、夾層石膏灰?guī)r和紅泥灰?guī)r、灰泥灰?guī)r。

Asmart and Jahrum Formation is approximately 537m(167-704m)thick and consists primarily of a limestone and dolomite.This sequence is highly fractured and porous.In total, more loss zones in the upper 26” hole section, the lower is stress sloughing shale and tight hole interval, easy pipe sticking.”

176-704米的Asmart和Jahrum地層主要為灰?guī)r和白云巖。這個層序很容易為斷層和滲透層。總之，26”井眼段上段漏層多，下段是應(yīng)力頁巖垮塌層縮徑井段，容易卡鉆。”Email一口氣地向George陳述道。

“Don’t worry, the mud engineer can mix up LCM mud at anytime.I have told the driller whenever drilling in Asmart and Jahrum Formation, back reaming 10 meter per 1 stand of drill pipe to clean borehole wall and keep the barehole unhindered.And on the solid control system, there will be a guy to keep his eyes on the change of pit level.”

“別擔(dān)心，泥漿工程師隨時可以配制堵漏泥漿。我已告知司鉆進(jìn)入Asmart 和Jahrum地層每鉆1立柱進(jìn)尺，倒劃眼十米，清理井壁，保證井眼暢通。固控系統(tǒng)也會有人一直密切監(jiān)視液面變化。”

“That’s good.To perform deviational survey when drill to 200m.Since then, carry out a survey each trip.”

“很好！鉆至200米時測斜，以后每次起下鉆，測斜一次。”

“Ok.” “好的！”

“Oh, it’s almost 9 o’clock.Sorry, it’s time for me to report to the Headquarters about the spudding.Goodbye, gentlemen.”

“哦，都9點過了。對不起，我該向總部匯報開鉆情況了。先生們，再見。”

Email left the floor in a hurry.49 Email匆匆離開了鉆臺。

The 3rd day of spudding, the Drilling Supervisor, Email was in his office, kept his eyes on real time on-site monitor to observe each changing drilling parameter.Observing almost an hour, he found that the drilling torque increased, rotary speed fluctuated, and the drilling time reduced.He thought it was necessary for him to go to the floor for judging.開鉆第三天，辦公室里甲方鉆井監(jiān)督Email密切注視著時實監(jiān)視器上各個鉆井參數(shù)的變化。在將近1個小時的時間里，鉆井扭矩增大、轉(zhuǎn)盤轉(zhuǎn)速有波動，鉆時減慢。他想有必要上一趟鉆臺觀察一下。

When climbing up the floor, he saw the Toolpusher holding the brake handle, and George was also observing the change of drilling parameters on the driller’s console.當(dāng)他爬上鉆臺，看見帶班隊長在扶剎把，而George在觀察司鉆控制臺上鉆井參數(shù)的變化。

“Hello, Email.I am going to report you the present drilling status, as you have come.” “你好，Email。我正要向你報告目前的鉆井情況，你就來了。”

“I’ve noticed a little abnormity on the monitor.Does the table have a bouncing phenomena?” Email asked the Toolpusher.“我從監(jiān)視器上也注意到了異常。轉(zhuǎn)盤有憋跳現(xiàn)象嗎？”Email問扶剎把的帶班隊長。

“A little, not very obvious,” said the Toolpusher hesitantly, “ I guess maybe some teeth worn out or bit balling”

“有一點，不很明顯。”帶班隊長遲疑道：“我估計鉆頭牙齒有磨損或泥包鉆頭。”

“George, have any report about lithologic change of cutting samples from mud logging.” “George, 錄井方面有沒有報告砂樣有巖性變化。”

“No change.Still sandstone.” “沒有，還是砂巖。”

“How many hours is the bit in the hole?” “這只鉆頭打了多久？”

“64 hours.” “64小時。”

“Well, half an hour later,” Email gave his order, “if the drilling speed is the same or bouncing pricks up.Pull out(POOH)and replace the bit.” “那好，再鉆半個小時，如果鉆速還是這樣或憋跳加劇，起鉆，更換鉆頭。”Email發(fā)出指令。

“Ok.Email, the depth is 193m now, we’d like to perform deviation survey ahead of time prior to pulling out, so as to check the deviation orientation of the drilled interval,” suggested George.50