第一篇：2017考研英語閱讀理解題材詳解之能源企業的失敗算計

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2017考研英語閱讀理解題材詳解之能源

企業的失敗算計

能源企業的失敗算計

每年考研英語閱讀篇章很多都取材于經濟學人，因此年考研復習之初，一定要從基礎打好，穩扎穩打?？佳蓄l道分享《經濟學人》文章，希望大家能夠多看、多練，提升閱讀能力！

考研英語閱讀題源經濟學人文章：能源企業的失敗“算計”

Gas prices

燃氣價格

Fuel on the fire

能源產業之爭

Another cheap shot at energy firms misses the mark

又一次對能源企業的失敗“算計”

GIVEN the parlous state of Britain's energy system,it is hard to think that Ed Davey, the energysecretary, would want more publicity.Yet on February 10th newspapers published a letter hehad written to regulators who are reviewing the market.He urged them to investigate whetherenergy companies are making excessive profits from selling gas, which he said earns highermargins than flogging electricity.He singled out British Gas, which in 2012 supplied gas toabout 40% of Britain's households at a profit margin of more than 11%.難以想象，在英國能源系統受到威脅的情況下，能源大臣艾德·戴維還想要更多的公眾影響力。然而2月10日的報紙刊登了他寫給市場監察機構的一封信。他敦促他們去調查能源企業是否通過售賣天然氣攫取暴利，按他所說，這比出售電力能獲得更多利潤。他單獨指出了“英國燃氣”，該公司在2012年為大約40%的英國家庭提供燃氣，并且獲得了超過11%的利潤率。

Energy buffs have long moaned about the strong position British Gas—owned by Centrica, a bigenergy firm—enjoys in the domestic gas market.It inherited a huge number of customers fromits days as a state monopoly, some of whom could be paying over the odds because they havenever looked for a better deal.But by focusing narrowly on gas, Mr Davey overstates Centrica'ssuccess.In 2012 the firm lost money selling electricity, bringing the margin across itsdomestic supply business down to 6.6%.熱衷能源業的人早就抱怨英國天然氣公司的強勢地位—森特理克麾下的大能源企業，占領了國內天然氣市場。該公司從作為國家壟斷企業時便繼承了一批龐大的客戶數量，其中一些客戶甚至能出高價支付而從來不尋找更實惠交易。但僅將目光鎖定在天然氣市場方面，戴維先生夸大了森特理克的功績。2012年，該企業賠了錢售賣電力，使其國內供應業務的毛利率降低到6.6%。

This figure is high;but it is not extraordinary, or certain to be sustained.Nor do Centrica'scompetitors seem to be banking exuberant rents.The “Big Six” retailers earned an averagemargin on domestic energy sales of 4.3% in 2012.Three of them did better supplyingelectricity than gas.British households continue to pay less for energy than many Europeans.該數據是驚人的，但情況并非特殊也不一定會持續。且森特理克的競爭對手們似乎也沒

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受益多少。六大零售商在2012年獲得了4.3%的國內能源銷售的平均利潤率。其中三家零售商的電力銷售額都優于天然氣。英國家庭仍然在能源支付上少與許多歐洲人。

The simplest way to erode Centrica's grip on the gas market is to encourage long-standingcustomers to move elsewhere.The number of households switching supplier has fallen sharplysince 2008, in part because regulators have curbed doorstep selling.The government enthusesabout community switching schemes, in which neighbours find new suppliers together;Ofgem,the regulator, now requires energy firms to contact customers who are paying more than theyshould.打破森特理克集團對天然氣市場控制的最簡單方式是鼓勵老客戶轉移他處。變更供應商的家庭數量自2008年大幅下滑，部分原因是監管機構遏制了上門銷售。政府熱衷于新的社區轉換方案，該方案倡導住戶們一起尋找新的供應商;監管者Ofgem如今要求能源企業去聯系那些“冤大頭”客戶。

It will be some time before that has an effect.Yet what most vexes critics of the market is nothefty retail margins but fear that energy firms are making outsized profits elsewhere, forexample in power generation.This is difficult to prove, which is why the government last yearasked regulators to carry out a broad assessment of the market.Their report, due nextmonth, could lead to a more thorough investigation by the Competition Commission.市場調控取得成效將需要一段時間。然而最引發市場批評的并非豐厚的零售利潤，而是對能源企業在別處—例如在發電領域攫取過多利潤的擔心。難以證明為什么政府去年要求監管機構開展對市場的廣泛評估。他們下月的評估報告可能會導致競爭委員會組織一個更徹底的調查。

That is starting to look like an attractive outcome to some energy executives, who haverepeatedly been battered by politicians.Shares in Centrica dipped 3.5% following publication ofMr Davey's letter;they are a quarter lower than in September, when Ed Miliband, leader of theLabour Party, promised to freeze energy bills if elected.The regulators' report, and any inquirythat follows, may give Mr Davey reason to set the market ablaze.Until then he should resistpoking the coals.對于一些不斷被政客抨擊的能源部行政人員來說，這似乎開始看上去是一個很有吸引力的結果。戴維的信被公開之后森特里克的股價下跌了3.5%;相比9月下降了四分之一，當時工黨領袖——艾德·米利班德承諾一旦當選將凍結能源賬單。監管機構報告及之后的任意詢問，也許會給戴維先生刺激市場的理由。但在那之前，他須抵制壟斷煤炭。

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例句:They also carry out experiments.他們還進行實驗。

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第二篇：2018年考研英語閱讀資料之能源定價

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2018年考研英語閱讀資料之能源定價

Pricing energy

能源定價

Remote controls

遠程控制

Smart meters promise another reason to resentenergy firms.智能電表成為人們抱怨能源公司的又一理由。

GOOD neighbours avoid doing laundry in the small hours.Yet householders in the north eastof England are growing keener on late-night loads.Watched by academics at DurhamUniversity, volunteers are testing a tariff that makes power more expensive when demand ishigh.Some use washing machines that run only when energy is cheap.好鄰居不在凌晨洗衣服。然而在英格蘭東北部的居民們越來越熱衷于在午夜干家務。英國杜倫大學的學者觀察發現，志愿者接受了一項測試：稅費調整后，電力在需求高峰期變得更貴。有的居民只有在電價便宜時才會用洗衣機。

Britons are used to paying variable prices for hotel rooms, train tickets and telephone calls.Now some hope that smart electricity meters, which the government wants installed in everyhome by 2020, will help energy suppliers charge in a similar way.Boosters say dynamic pricingcan hold down bills and help save the planet.It is also likely to make power firms even lesspopular than they already are.英國人習慣于為賓館、火車票和話費的浮動費用掏錢。如今，更有人希望智能電表可以幫助能源供應商以也以同樣的方式收費。支持者們表示動態電價可以降低賬單，并有益于節約地球資源。這樣很有可能使電力公司更加不受歡迎。

Flexible pricing is supposed to discourage power use at peak times, thereby bringing downthe overall cost of generation by cutting the need for power stations that run only a few hourseach day.Controlling energy use would also help network operators handle fluctuations inrenewable power, which rises and falls depending on how windy or sunny it is.These problemswill get more serious as Britain decarbonises: using more green electricity to power things suchas cars and heating will make demand spikes bigger—and thus more costly—just as growth inrenewables makes supply less dependable.彈性價格有望降低高峰期的用電，從而通過減少每天運行幾小時的發電站數量來降低發電總成本。通過電力控制使用可以幫助網絡操作者來處理可再生能源諸如由于風能或者太陽能造成的波動。這些問題將變得和英國降低碳含量計劃同等嚴峻：使用更多綠色電力來驅動像車或者加熱器的東西，將使得需求峰值更大——而且代價更昂貴——正如可再生能源使用的增長降低了供給的可靠性。

Some Britons have been using cheaper off-peak power since the late 1970s, when “Economy 7”tariffs were created to encourage overnight demand for juice from nuclear power stations.Smart meters, which will add about ￡12 billion($20 billion)to energy bills as they are rolled outover

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the next five years, are meant to save suppliers money by wirelessly transmitting meterreadings, and to provide households with information that can help them to use less power.What excites energy experts is that, by recording full details of energy consumption, theycould also make it easier for suppliers to create several peak and off-peak periods during eachday, or even let prices float freely depending on the weather.Last month Ofgem, the energyregulator, said it was mulling reforms that could enable rates to change every half-hour.一些英國人自二十世紀七十年代晚期就開始錯開高峰期使用低價電力，當時建立“經濟七號”稅費的目的就是為鼓勵使用來自核電廠的通宵供電。智能電表通過無線傳輸儀表讀數，這意味著可以為供應商節約費用，并且為居民們提供相應的信息來幫助他們節約用電，這項計劃在未來五年內推出后將增加一百二十億英鎊的電費收入。讓能源專家們感到興奮的是，通過能源消費的所有詳細記錄，他們可以讓能源供應商很輕松的在每天建立多個高峰或者非高峰期，甚至可以讓電價隨著天氣的變化過渡平穩。上個月，作為能源調節者的天然氣電力市場辦公室表示，正在考慮這樣一些改革——這可以讓電價在每半小時內變化。

The problem is that a proliferation of complex tariffs risks making it more difficult for bill-payersto identify the cheapest ones, even as regulators battle to simplify the market.Critics also saythat punitive charges at peak times could affect the poorest families disproportionately,because they already use power only when it is essential.And some fear that, without strongercompetition, energy firms would use dynamic tariffs to raise prices, not just to even outdemand.出現的問題是，這種復雜的收費方式所冒的風險在于，支付者辨別最便宜的收費區間更為困難，雖則電力調配部門志在簡化市場，正如電力調配部門志在簡化市場一樣。評論家們也聲稱，用電高峰期的懲罰性的收費會給最貧困的家庭造成影響更為巨大，因為他們只有在必要時才會使用電能。時一些人也擔心到，沒有強有力的競爭，能源公司只是利用動態電價來變向漲價而并非平衡需求。

The biggest worry is that people will not be persuaded to change their routines.Many alreadypay too much for their energy because they have never bothered to switch supplier.A studyin 2012 by Consumer Focus—now part of the Citizens Advice Bureau—found that 38% ofhouseholds with Economy 7 or similar tariffs did not use enough off-peak power to make itcheaper than a standard rate.Trials of more dynamic tariffs report mixed success—and almostall of those have involved green-minded volunteers, not busy families.最大的擔心是，勸服人們調整日常生活習慣很難。很多人嫌麻煩從不更換供應商，導致他們已經支付了太多的電力。由聚焦消費(現在是公民建議局的下屬單位)在2012年出示的調查顯示，百分之三十八的“經濟七”或者與之相似收費的住戶沒有使用錯開高峰用電來降低電費。而這其中更為動態稅費適用成功的報道顯得復雜——這其中多數是綠色理念的志愿者，而不是那些忙碌的家庭。

Enthusiasts say variable pricing will work best when people can set gear such as freezers,boilers and air-conditioners to respond automatically to pricing signals broadcast to theirsmart meter, in exchange for a discount from their supplier.Fridges need not runconstantly to keep their contents fresh, for example;clever ones might perhaps turnthemselves off during peak demand periods.狂熱支持者表示，當人們可以通過智能電表的價格廣播來自動設置諸如冰箱，熱水器和空調速率，可使得可變定價完美運行，以此從供應商那里獲得折扣。例如，冰箱無需一直工作來維持里面東西的新鮮;聰明人也許會錯開高峰階段。

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Yet bill-payers will probably find it creepy to hand outsiders control of their appliances.Ahousehold full of smart devices would delight hackers.And it will bring chewy legal problems,such as working out who to blame should faulty appliances churn through premium-pricedpower.As Britain’s smart grid expands, rumbling washing machines may not be the only thingkeeping people awake.然而，用戶們肯定會發現把他們的家用電器交由外部控制是很恐怖的一件事。一個家里滿是智能電器的用戶會使黑客感到異常興奮。而且這樣會帶來一系列耐人尋味的法律問題，例如，因為電流的變動導致電器發生缺陷時無法確定誰該為此負責。隨著英國智能電網的不斷擴大，也許不只是隆隆的洗衣機聲吵得人無法入睡。

1.use to 過去常常

例句:The contents of this booklet should be of useto all students.這本小冊子的內容應該會對所有的學生都有用處。

2.likely to 傾向于;可能要

例句:The fires are likely to permanently deforestthe land.這些火災很可能會徹底毀掉這片土地上的森林。

3.suppose to 想做

例句:I don't suppose you thought to turn over the tape, did you?

我認為你并沒想過要把磁帶換一面，是嗎?

4.such as 例如;諸如

例句:We dislike people such as him.我們不喜歡像他這號人。

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第三篇：2012考研英語閱讀理解

2012考研英語閱讀理解：讀外刊擴大詞匯量

2011年10月24日 11:38來源：萬學海文

英語二閱讀理解A部分題型為多項選擇題，總共有4篇文章，總長度為1500詞左右，要求考生閱讀文章并回答每篇文章后面的問題。每篇文章后設有5個問題，共20題，每小題2分，總計40分。對于中國的英語學習者說，不管是英語四、六級，專

四、專八考試，還是考研、考博考試，閱讀始終是一項最為重要的技能，所占的分數比例大，“得閱讀者得天下”，閱讀能力并不僅僅體現在閱讀理解一項當中，很大程度上，閱讀理解能力是綜合素質的體現，閱讀能力也和英語知識運用、新題型、寫作等題型相互關聯，這樣題型的解決需要通過閱讀獲取相關的信息，如果閱讀能力不好，這些題型的做題質量會受到大大地影響。

依據最新的大綱，萬學海文(微博)英語考研輔導老師們對閱讀A部分做了一個詳細地分析，通過和考研英語一閱讀理解A部分的對比，我們可以獲知以下的信息，英語二閱讀量減小，英語一是1600詞，英語二是1500，而且沒有說生詞量不超過總共的3%，考查生詞的可能性降到最低，大綱中并沒有提到超綱詞匯，這給了考生一個定心丸，即不必擔心超綱詞匯。且英語二明確規定了考察的體裁和題材。題材是經濟、管理、社會、文化、科普。這方面的題材與專業碩士的特點休戚相關，且英語一中的八大閱讀能力的要求減為6條。少了“理解文中的概念性含義”和“區分論點和論據”這兩個難度較大的要求，“進行有關的判斷、推理和引申”去掉了引申，而除去的以上兩點對閱讀有非常高的要求。英語二閱讀部分所要掌握的六大能力是：1，理解文章的要義，2，理解文中的具體信息，3，理解作者的意圖、觀點或態度，4，進行有關的判斷、推理和引申，5，根據上下文推測生詞的詞義，6，理解文章的總體結構以及上下文之間的關系。

綜上所述，英語二對閱讀能力的考查大為降低了，明確規定了所要考查的范圍，考生在復習的時候，可以有的放矢，對所考查的題型進行精心復習。2012年在考題的難度上和題型的設計上相比2011年很有可能沒有大的改變，這是一個可喜的消息，還有，萬學海文英語考研輔導老師們建議2012年的考生在復習閱讀題型時，可以讀一些外刊，因為據我們的統計，很多閱讀來源于外刊，比如，經濟學人，時代周刊，紐約時報，讀這樣的文章不但可以使我們擴充詞匯量，了解有關的題材，而且還可以獲取背景知識，藉此，在了解了相關知識后，然后輔以適當的解題技巧，這樣在答題的時候一定會游刃有余。

萬學海文建議考生在復習的時候，應該定期做題，勤于思考，總結方法，除此外，還要夯實基礎，平時在做題的過程中，把篇章中一些好的句子(特別是長難句)、短語、以及一些高頻?？荚~匯抄錄下來，日積月累，做題的正確率定會提高，得高分的可能性就會增大，考取理想院校就會

第四篇：2018年考研英語閱讀理解之教育類練習題

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2018年考研英語閱讀理解之教育類練習

題

暑期集訓來了，如何在暑期兩個月創造出雙倍的價值是每個考生想要達到的目標。這就需要加倍的努力和科學的規劃了。英語方面的復習，大家要持續性背單詞，閱讀、寫作及翻譯要多加練習，總結方法技巧，活學活用。下面凱程在線和大家分享教育類的閱讀模擬題，大家不妨集中練習，提升閱讀速度和做題技巧。

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s.Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent.The extent of the loss was，however，largely a matter of expert guessing.Last week a well-rounded study was published.It was published.It was based on 22，000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent，and in most cases the dropouts，while not completing the Ph.D.requirement，went on to productive work.They are not only doing well financially，but，according to the report，are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.Discussing the study last week，Dr.Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D.programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree.Attrition at the Ph.D.level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity.Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D.’

“The results of our research” Dr.Tucker concluded，“did not support these opinions.”

1.Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.2.Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.3.Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision，but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination，uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams.Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D.program，lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing，a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20，000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D.‘s with that background reached this figure.The Ph.D.’s shone in the $ 7，500 to $ 15，000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts.This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields，where Ph.D.‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries，are still lagging behind other fields.凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus，the outlook was glum.The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.1.The author states that many educators feel that

[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.[C] the Ph.D.holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.2.Research has shown that

[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph.D.‘s in financial attainment.[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D.studies.[C] The Ph.D.candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.[D] about one-third of those who start Ph.D.work do not complete the work to earn the degree.3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph.D.[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.[C] is an essential part of many Ph.D.programs.[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.4.After reading the article，one would refrain from concluding that

[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D.dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.[B] a Ph.D.dropout，by and large，does not have what it takes to learn the degree.[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D.dropouts.[D] Ph.D.‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in

[A] salary for Ph.D.too low.[B] academic requirement too high.[C] salary for dropouts too high.[D] 1000 positions.答案詳解

1.A.許多教育工作者感到應采取步驟讓輟學者回校學習，特別是有些學科。這在

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50%?！?B.在博士學習中刺激因素較小。C.博士預備生如果中途退學很可能改變其專業領域。

3.C.博士生應達到外語要求的水平是許多博士生課程的一個基本組成部分。這在

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

encourages.Boys don‘t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures – airy goddesses，more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale，than human beings.Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes.Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind.There are no goddesses with freckles，pigtails，piercing voices and inky fingers.There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees，dirty fingernails and unkempt hair.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment.Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation.This is hardly possible under a co-educational system.When the time comes for the pupils to leave school，they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults.They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.1.What is the best title for this passage?

[A] only co-education can be in harmony with society.[B] people are in great need of co-education.[C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.[D] co-education has many features.2.what does co-education offer to children?

[A] A society.[B] A true small model of society.[C] A real life.[D] True version of social condition.3.According to the passage，what is one of the chief aims of education?

[A] It is for students to acquire knowledge.[B] It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.[C] It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.[D] It is for students to get academic achievements.4.Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?

[A] They live together and know each other too well.[B] Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.[C] co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.[D] They are familiar with each other‘s problems.Vocabulary

1.to be in for = receive 接受

2.He is in for punishment.他受到懲罰。

3.miniature 縮樣，雛形，微型畫

4.freckle 雀斑

5.pigtail 鞭子

6.knobbly = knobby 多節的 7.unkempt 亂七八糟，蓬亂的 8.sharp focus = clear view

9.bring into focus 使集中在焦點上，對光

10.bring into sharp focus 這里的意義是：一目了然，明顯突出

11.deviation 越軌，偏離，入歧途

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12.all the more 越發，格外

難句譯注

1.a co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature.【參考譯文】男女合校至少給孩子提供了一個社會真正縮影。

2.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.【參考譯文】棘手的青春期把成長過程中出現的某些身體上合感情上的問題清晰地擺出來。

寫作方法與文章大意

文章論及“男女合校制的優越性和男女分校制的缺陷?！辈捎靡蚬?、對比寫法。首先假設單一性別社會，人所不能容忍，那單一性別的學校培養的人又怎能適應社會。因為社會是男女組成的。然后分別對比合校和分校的優缺點。比較合校的優點，分校的缺點，最后得出結論：之后合校的學生，在離校進入社會，已做好一切準備，而不會感到震驚，因為他們已有好幾年的經驗，會處理面臨男女的許多問題。

答案詳解

1.C 除了男女合校，其他形式的教育簡直難以想象。答案見

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four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.Her sister，Marlin，22，attends a local community college and will soon be a certified nurse assistant.The brothers are a different story.Oscar，17，was expelled two years ago from Fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school.The youngest，Jonathan，15，is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble with the law.“The boys get sidetracked more，” says the kids' mother，Suyapa Landaverde.“The girls are more confident.”

This is no aberration.Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys，according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed，five-year study of immigrant children——the largest of its kind，including Latino，Chinese and Haitian kids——by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education.Though that trend holds for U.S.-born kids as well，the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different.The study found that immigrant girls are more adept at straddling cultures than boys.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.Consider the kids' experiences in school.The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culture——the dress，the slang，the disdain for education.They're disciplined more often and，as a result，develop more adversarial relationships with teachers——and the wider society.They may also face more debilitating prejudices.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”

Gender shapes immigrant kids' experiences outside school as well.Often hailing from traditional cultures，the girls face greater domestic obligations.They also frequently act as “cultural ambassadors，” translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world，says Carola Suarez-Orozco.An unintended consequence：“The girls get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do.” Take Christina Im，18，a junior at Fairfax who arrived from South Korea four years ago.She ranks ninth in a class of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on Saturdays at her mother's clothing shop.Her brother? “He plays computer games，” says Im.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.Oscar Herrera，Martha's dropout brother，may be realizing that.“I'm thinking of returning to school，” he recently told his mother.He ought to look to his sisters for guidance.1.In the opening paragraph，the author introduces his topic by

[A]posing a contrast

[B]justifying an assumption

[C]making a comparison

[D]explaining a phenomenon

2.The statement “they also frequently act as ‘cultural ambassadors’”(Line two，Paragraph 4)implies that 6頁共6頁

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[A]they work as a translator for their parents

[B]they help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture

[C]they encourage their parents to go into the outside world

[D]their parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambassador.3.Immigrant boys do not fare well in the outside world because of the following reasons，except that

[A]American youth culture has a bad influence on the boys

[B]people have prejudice against them

[C]their sense of responsibility is not as strong as that of the girls

[D]they do not get well along with the teachers and the outside world

4.Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco have eventually found in their study that

[A]the immigrant boys should not be allowed to go into the outside world

[B]the immigrant boys have no judgment about the youth culture

[C]the immigrant girls do a better job than the immigrant boys

[D]the immigrant boys should be severely disciplined

5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A]All the dropouts should receive good education.[B]Many immigrant boys are likely to fall into trouble in the future.[C]Schooling education has been neglected.[D]More attention should be paid to the immigrant children.詞匯注釋

sidetracked 使受牽制的，誤入歧途的 aberration 失常;偏差

outperform 勝過

preliminary 預備的，初步的 discrepancy 相差，差異，矛盾

adept at 熟練于?;擅長于?

straddle 跨坐

navigate 航行于，駕駛，操縱

adversarial 敵手的，對手的 debilitate 使衰弱，使虛弱

macho 男子的，男子氣的

hailing from 來自，在某地生長

mediate 仲裁，調停

foist 偷偷插入，使混入

phenomenally 現象上的，明白地;驚人地

irretrievably 不能挽回地，不能補救地

look to sb.for sth.以來或指望某人提供或作某事物

fare 進展;成功

難句講解

1.Last week，four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.7頁共7頁

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

[簡析] 本句話是一個并列句，其主干“Martha graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades?”。four years after she arrived from Honduras和20是插入語;while引導的斷語作狀語，表示讓步。

2.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.[簡析]本句話的主干是“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features?”。Because引導的是原因莊宇從句;says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco是插入語;while 引導的是時間狀語從句，其中的by引導的短語作狀語，其中的it指的是new culture.3.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”

[簡析]本句話的主干是“One teacher said that?”。interviewed for the study作定語修飾teacher;that 引導的是賓語從句，其中的she received as part of her continuing education是一個省略了引導詞的定語從句，修飾cultural awareness training.4.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.[簡析]本句話的主干是“The Harvard study bears a cautionary note?”。冒號后面的句子是在解釋前面的句子;if 引導的是條件狀語從句;破折號里面的內容是在進一步說明if 引導的從句。

答案與解析

1.C 結構題。本題的問題是“在開始段落，作者通過介紹他的主題”。文章

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是移民男孩不會獲得成功的原因。[A]“美國的青少年文化對男孩有不利的影響”是針對

凱程考研，為學員服務，為學生引路！

had exposure to larger projects.If all of your experience was at no-name companies in North Dakota，then you need to tell me that the project youworked on had 15 developers and an annual budget of 3 million dollars.Otherwise I’m likely to think your prior experience was building simple ASP front ends to little Access databases.And finally，follow the directions for applying for the job.If I went to the trouble of describing how you should apply，there‘s probably a good reason for it.If I ask for a plain-text resume，don’t send a Word document or a link to your resume on your Web site.If I ask for a code sample，include it.If you can‘t follow those simple directions，how can I expect that you’ll be able to follow a spec?

I don‘t even look at those emails I get with Word attachments，no code samples，no information about availability or your location.I simply file them away in case I ever have a need to hire a developer that doesn’t know how to follow directions.Reading Comprehension

1.Why did the author suggest that don‘t put your cover letter in another attachment of your resume?

[A] It‘s a waste of time.[B] It is absurd.[C] It will make your cover letter not do its job.[D] There is no need to do so.2.Why did the author emphasize the importance of proofread?

[A] Because it is a quality that a pupil should have.[B] Proofreading can decrease errors from your cover letter.[C] It will make you avoid some simple errors and will give your reader a good impression.[D] It can make you win Pulitzer-prize.3.Why did the author say that you should let the reader know what size project you‘ve worked on?

[A] Because this will highlight your resume.[B] Because you are required to do so.[C] Because this will let your reader know you better.[D]Because it can make your reader know your ability for larger projects.4.What‘s the meaning of “went to the trouble” that mentioned in paragraph 6?

[A] To face puzzledom.[B] An amount of effort and time that is needed to do something.[C] Have some difficulties.[D] Some problems can‘t be solve.5.What‘s the meaning of the word “spec” which mentioned in paragraph 6?

[A] Rule.[B] Law.[C] A detailed instruction about how a piece of equipment should be made.[D] An direction.答案與題解

1.[C] 細節題。準確定位到原文是解題的關鍵。本題出現在原文的

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在另一個附件中則求職信將發揮不出它

的作用。

2.[C] 細節題。本題的干擾項在B項。校對的確可以減少錯誤，但這并不是本文強調的重點。本文認為避免一些低級錯誤是給審查簡歷的人留下好印象的機會。

3.[D] 細節題。請看文中的

第五篇：2017考研英語閱讀理解話題預測之迷你首相

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2017考研英語閱讀理解話題預測之迷你

首相

在考研英語中，閱讀分數可謂是占到了總分的半壁江山，正所謂“得閱讀者得考研”。對于備考考研的同學們，在平時的復習中一定要拓展閱讀思路，各類話題都要關注，這樣才能在整體上提升考研英語閱讀水平!一起來學習吧!

Politics

英國政壇

Downtrodden Labour

飽受壓迫的工黨

Why Conservatives are talking up a Labour-SNPcoalition

保守黨吹捧工黨和蘇格蘭國民黨聯盟的原因

My wee prime minister

我的迷你首相

SPRING is in the air in Westminster and the Conservatives are upbeat.Having lagged behind theopposition Labour Party in polls for most of the past five years, they are now narrowly aheadtwo months before the general election.The Tories'clear messages on the economy mainlyaccount for these green shoots(see Bagehot).But an additional explanation is emerging400 miles to the north: the rise of the secessionist Scottish National Party(SNP).韋斯特敏斯特宮的春天近在眼前，保守黨也很歡樂。連續五年的民調都落在對手工黨之后，終于在大選前兩個月有了微弱的勝出。保守黨在經濟上明確引導是最近經濟萌芽的原因。(見白芝浩專欄)但在英國以北400英里的地方還有一個額外的解釋：崇尚獨立的蘇格蘭國民黨的興起。

Since the 1980s Scotland has been Labour’s granite-like electoral base.Though often run byScots, the party hardly had to think about the country north of Hadrian’s Wall.When the SNPfailed last year to win a referendum on Scottish independence, Labour expected it to fall apart,remembers one shell-shocked former staffer.Instead the opposite happened.The SNP hashoovered up the sprawling, leftish Yes(to independence)movement and turned it into acampaigning machine.The party’s membership has grown from 26,000 to 100,000 in sixmonths.Polling published by Lord Ashcroft, a Tory peer, on March 4th suggests that it is ontrack to take most of Labour’s 41 seats in Scotland, including some of its oldest strongholds.自上世紀八十年代起，蘇格蘭就是工黨堅定不移的選民基地。雖然這個黨派是由蘇格蘭人領導，但很少關注哈德良長城以北的國土。去年，蘇格蘭國民黨在蘇格蘭獨立的公投中敗北，工黨就開始期待其會分裂,將其視為已戰斗疲勞的前職員?？商K格蘭國名黨不僅沒有四分五裂，反倒吸納了周邊雜亂無序的區域，同意了左翼獨立運動，并且將其變為一個競選機器。六個月間，黨派成員從2.6萬人增長到10萬人。保守黨人阿什克羅夫特勛爵在3月4日發布的民調顯示，該黨要獲得工黨在蘇格蘭41個席位中的大多數指日可待，包括一些資歷深厚的據點。

This helps the Tories in several ways.The first is practical: Labour must divert scarcecampaigning resources north to fight for once-safe Scottish seats.The second concernselectoral arithmetic.Even if no party emerges from the election with a majority, as looks

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likely,the one with the most votes will enter coalition talks with momentum and authority.NickClegg, the leader of the centrist Liberal Democrats, says that he will speak to the biggest partyfirst—as he did in 2010, when he formed a coalition with David Cameron’s lot.The fewer seatsLabour wins, the better the Tories'chance of being in that position and thus of holding power.這點在很多方面都對保守黨頗有助益。

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可能事與愿違。蘇格蘭國民黨的要員胡扎·尤薩夫聲稱，卡梅倫的表演“只會提高我們在蘇格蘭的支持率”。他說得不無道理。去年九月，首相請求蘇格蘭人留下，他說，如果蘇格蘭脫離，他會“徹底心碎了”。但他最近對于蘇格蘭國民黨的打擊，只能加強民族獨立者對于英國蘇格蘭最好分開的宣言?？穫愐苍S會抗議道，他只是想連任。但是這對聯盟而言要消耗多少呢?

1.think about 考慮;捉摸

There were always things to think about when shewent walking.她去散步的時候總是有一些事情要考慮。

She doesn't stop to think about what she's saying.她都沒有停下來想一想自己在說些什么。

2.speak to 對?講;圍繞?談

Could I speak to you in private a moment, padre.可否私下跟您談談，牧師。

Don't speak to me like that.Don't you dare.不要那樣跟我講話。我不允許!

3.prop up 支持，資助

If you have difficulty sitting like this, prop up your back against a wall.如果這么坐著有困難，就背靠墻坐吧。

The government does not intend to prop up declining industries.政府無意扶持不景氣的企業。

4.prepare for 作準備

President Castro has warned Cubans to prepare for a profound economic emergency.卡斯特羅主席已經提醒古巴人民為嚴重的經濟危急狀況做準備。

The players are in defiant mood as they prepare for tomorrow'sgame.球員在備戰明天的比賽時帶著蔑視對手的情緒。