第一篇：舊材料作文與新材料作文的區別

舊材料作文與新材料作文的區別

新材料作文（也叫題意作文、命意作文、后話題作文），作文提供材料或圖畫，但不提供話題，要求考生閱讀材料或圖畫，根據自己對材料或圖畫的感悟、理解，自定立意、自選文體、自擬標題進行作文。要求“全面理解材料，但可以選擇一個側面、一個角度構思”的作文, 它不同于以往根據材料寫議論文的材料作文，也有別于有明確話題的話題作文，是介于材料作文和話題作文之間的一種新的作文形式。

2、與話題作文的區別：不直接提供話題，其話題就是考生對材料的感悟或聯想。

話題作文命題的基本格式為：“材料語”+“話題語”+“要求語” 新材料作文命題的基本格式為：“材料語”+“要求語”

有無“話題語”是話題作文命題和新材料作文命題的根本區別。

3、舊材料作文與新材料作文的區別

（1）舊材料作文的命題表述一般是：請自選角度，自擬題目，聯系實際，寫一篇不少于800字的議論文；

新材料作文的命題表述一般是：要求全面理解材料，但可以選擇一個側面、一個角度構思作文。自主確定立意，確定文體，確定標題，不要脫離材料的含意作文，不要套作，不得抄襲；以上文字可以讓人產生不同的聯想或感悟。請根據材料，自選角度，自定文體，自定立意，自擬題目，寫一篇不少于800字的文章。

（2）在文體要求上：

舊材料作文一般只要求寫成議論文，新材料作文則要求“自主確立文體”。

（3）在“對待”材料的態度上：

舊材料作文要求必須引述材料，新材料作文則要求可引可不引；

（4）舊材料作文立意必須是在對材料進行整體感知與全面觀照的基礎上準確、全面地立意； 新材料作文立意立足于材料的整體含意或局部含意皆可，以不脫離材料的含意為底線。

4、新材料作文此類試題關鍵在審題。審題時要抓住材料的關鍵詞、句，抓住材料的核心意思立意。

二如何審題立意？

1、抓對象——材料中有哪幾個對象？

2、分主次——幾個對象間孰輕孰重，材料重點寫哪個對象，這是立意的根本點。

3、抓關鍵——關于這一重點對象，材料中有哪些關鍵語句？

4、辨是非——這些關鍵語句是對是錯、是善是惡、是肯定還是否定，亦即命題者意圖。

5、查原因——造成材料中的這種現象的原因。

第二篇：人力資源新與舊的區別

隨著經濟體制改革的深入,各級人事部門、人事干部的工作內容在不斷調整,不斷變化,傳統的人事管理工作逐漸被現代人力資源管理取代。歸納一下,二者的區別主要表現在以下幾個方面:

在管理內容上,傳統的人事管理以事為中心,主要工作就是管理檔案、人員調配、職務職稱變動、工資調整等具體的事務性工作。而現代人力資源管理則以人為中心,將人作為一種重要資源加以開發、利用和管理,重點是開發人的潛能、激發人的活力,使員工能積極主動創造性地開展工作。在管理形式上,傳統的人事管理屬于靜態管理,也就是說,當一名員工進入一個單位,經過人事部門必要的培訓后,安排到一個崗位,完全由員工被動性地工作,自然發展;而現代人力資源管理屬于動態管理,強調整體開發。也就是說,對員工不僅安排工作,還要根據組織目標和個人狀況,為其做好職業生涯設計,不斷培訓,不斷進行橫向及縱向的崗位或職位調整,充分發揮個人才能,量才使用,人盡其才。

在管理方式上,傳統的人事管理主要采取制度控制和物質刺激手段;現代人力資源管理采取人性化管理,考慮人的情感、自尊與價值,以人為本,多激勵,少處罰,多表揚,少批評,多授權少命令,發揮每個人的特長,體現每個人的價值。

在管理策略上,傳統的人事管理側重于近期或當前人事工作,就事論事,只顧眼前,缺乏長遠,屬于戰術性管理;現代人力資源管理,不僅注重近期或當前具體事宜的解決,更注重人力資源的整體開發、預測與規劃。根據組織的長遠目標,制定人力資源的開發戰略措施,屬于戰術與戰略性相結合的管理。

在管理技術上,傳統的人事管理照章辦事,機械呆板;而現代人力資源管理追求科學性和藝術性,不斷采用新的技術和方法,完善考核系統、測評系統等科學手段。

在管理體制上,傳統的人事管理多為被動反應型,按部就班,強調按領導意圖辦事;現代人力資源多為主動開發型,根據組織的現狀、未來,有計劃有目標地開展工作。

在管理手段上,傳統的人事管理手段單一,以人工為主,日常的信息檢索、報表制作、統計分析多為人工進行,很難保證及時、準確,并浪費人力、物力和財力;現代人力資源管理的軟件系統、信息檢索、報表制作、核算、測評、招聘等均由計算機自動生成結果,及時準確地提供決策依據。在管理層次上,傳統的人事管理部門往往只是上級的執行部門,很少參與決策;現代人力資源管理部門則處于決策層,直接參與單位的計劃與決策,為單位的最重要的高層決策部門之一。

第三篇：新民主主義與舊民主主義的區別

新民主主義與舊民主主義的區別：

一、是革命領導權不同。五四運動以前，中國民主革命的領導者是資產階級，工人階級只是追隨資產階級參加革命；五四運動以后，工人階級作為獨立的政治力量登上歷史舞臺，其政黨——中國共產黨擔負起領導中國民主革命的重任。

二、是革命的時代條件不同，新民主主義革命發生在十月革命以后，不再屬于世界資產階級革命的范疇，而是屬于世界無產階級革命的范疇。

三、是革命指導思想不同。舊民主主義革命的指導思想是西方的資產階級民主主義思想，而新民主主義革命則是以馬克思列寧主義為指導思想，以馬克思列寧主義與中國革命實際結合的毛澤東思想為指導思想。

四、是革命的前途不同。舊民主主義革命是要在中國建立資本主義專政的國家，以建立資本主義社會制度為目的；新民主主義革命則要在中國建立以工人階級領導的，以工農聯盟為基礎的幾個革命階級的聯合專政，即人民民主專政的國家，然后建立社會主義制度，最終目標是在中國實現共產主義。

第四篇：新作文與結尾句

明星代言問題

On the Celebrity Spokesperson

Currently, we could hardly live a single day without seeing a celebrity spokesperson promoting a product or a social campaign on TV, net or other media.This is an intensely popular trend that we cannot fail to notice.There is no doubt that the celebrity spokespeople could boost the sale of a product.A host of celebrity spokespersons, however, have emerged as the marketing tool of some companies, even companies producing and selling fake and inferior items.This kind of behavior has produced negative impacts on consumers and whole society, which should be severely criticized and penalized.Of course, as is known to all, everything has both bright and dark sides.Some stars’ endorsement of social activities and public campaigns

raises public awareness, giving rise to changes in public behavior.In this case, they serve as positive role models of the general public.To name only one case: Pu CX, a household figure, acting as the celebrity spokesman of the China AIDS Foundation, contributes greatly to the cause of AIDS prevention and cure in China.關于選秀節目

Over the past couple of years, a variety of talent shows have emerged on TV channels across the nation, from Super Girls to Happy Boys and so forth.This type of entertainment program is intensely popular, especially among young adults and has produced profound impacts on their studies and life.There are a couple of reasons behind the tide.To start with, young folks need role models to learn from.So many of them are crazy for contestants participating in these programs.This gives rise to the increasing emergence of these shows because TV networks naturally need to cater to young audiences.Plus, thanks to economic and political reforms carried out by the government, this crop of young generation have more freedom and desire to express and showcase themselves.Therefore, a growing number of young people desire to get involved in these shows.This is a divisive topic.On my personal level, the talent show is a superb means of relaxing and amusing and can hugely relieve our strains.As college students, however, we could not afford to indulge in them and should be aware of the utmost importance of studies.食品安全問題

On the Food Security

Over the past couple of years, several cases of the food scandal have been disclosed on various media.The problem of food security has become a hot button across society.The prevalence of food insecurity has greatly impacted public health, which the government could not afford to ignore, according to the online edition of the People Daily.There are a couple of driving forces, I would argue, behind this

undesirable tide.First, in the course of the rapid economic evolution, we ignore moral education, giving rise to the rising rate of the problem.More importantly, the lack of adequate regulation and punishment on those illegal producers enforces the trend.As Confucius instructed, it is better late than never.Prompt and strict

measures should be taken to turn back this evil trend.The government should launch a massive moral campaign to educate all citizens and draw up tougher laws to crack down on those irresponsible corporations and prohibit them from entering the food industry again.I am firmly convinced that through our combined efforts we are bound to enjoy more risk-free foods in the days ahead.社會不文明現象

On Uncivilized Behaviors

We cannot fail to notice that countless uncivilized behaviors exist in our daily lives, such as spitting, talking loudly, littering, saying nasty words in public places and so forth.All these are bad manners that we should not lose sight of.As an ancient land enjoying a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years, China is witnessing a surge in improper acts that every Chinese citizen should feel ashamed of.Uncivilized behaviors by a host of Chinese both at home and abroad have seriously affected China’s image, according to an editorial posted on People Daily’s official website.As Chinese, we should not get offended when others point out our

weaknesses but should focus more attention on improving ourselves.We should strive to identify the causes of those improper behaviors and find ways to eliminate them.There are a host of causes, I would argue, behind this trend.To name only one: the lack of moral education.The government should wage a massive moral campaign to fight against this trend and we ourselves should endeavor to behave decently in our daily lives.As college students of the new age, we should take the leading role.感恩

On Cultivating the Sense of Gratitude

On college campuses across the nation, there is a noticeable

phenomenon that we cannot afford to ignore: far too many young college

students lack the sense of gratitude, one of the countless traditional virtues of this ancient land with a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years.These young adults were not and are not aware of the huge importance of expressing gratitude to those who once helped them, from teachers to parents and so forth.Personally, I deem that the root cause of students without a graceful heart is that they receive an education not valuing the moral sphere.I strongly

believe that joint efforts from folks across society are the final remedy for this

social headache.As young university students of the new era, we should make our own contributions to this cause.Imagine a world without the sense of gratitude.This kind of world is doomed to failure.Simply put, we should join our hands to heighten our awareness of fostering a graceful heart.Only in this way can we build our society into a harmonious one.My fellow students, I beg you to act from now on.大學生使用信用卡現象

On Credit Card

At present, a wide vareity of credit cards issued by major banks and

shopping malls are thriving in colleges and universities across the nation, with a multitude of college students making up a growing population of card holders.Indeed, one out of five students is estimated to be in possession of at least one credit card, and the figure is expected to be on the steady increse, the latest data published by Yangtze Evening Post suggests.Like anything prior to the emergence of this small piece of plastic, the increasing popularity of credit card on campus has both bright and dark sides.On the one hand, young adults in college, free from the trouble of pocketing a considerable sum of cash, could enjoy the convenience of credit cards and purchase expensive goods by installments.On the other hand, however, the irresponsible and excessive use of the cards by these youngsters, the majority of whom are fresh out of middle school incapable of budgeting their money, can make them heavily in debt which will take them years to pay off.On my personal level, while enjoying a host of conveniences the credit card may bring, we couldn’t afford to ignore a conspicious fact: in most cases, parents are our sole financial sources.Instead of spending without any restrict, we are supposed to put studies on the top of our agenda and move ourselves beyond heavy dependence upon our parents

1.The most effective means to solve this problem is that ______________.In that case, ______________.2.Everything has its own two sides, no exception with AAA.For one thing, ______________.for another, ______________.3.My experience tells me that to ______________ needs a thorough and persevering process, and in this process you had better abide by the principles mentioned above.4.On the whole, it is high time that we recognized the significance of ______________.5.As a result, we should take some effective methods to ______________.6.Judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that ______________.7.In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______________.Only in this way can ______________ in the future.8.In my opinion, we should place much emphasis on the importance of ______________.9.But ______________ and ______________ have their own advantages.For example, ______________, while ______________.Comparing those two, however, I prefer to ______________.10.In my opinion, ______________ is just as common as ______________.If ______________, it may be very useful.Whatever ______________, the key point lies in ______________.11.Are their opinions correct? To my mind, the first idea seems ______________.As for the second idea, ______________.12.As a popular saying goes, ______________.In my opinion what really counts is not ______________, but ______________.I believer that as long as ______________, we will ______________.So I am for the opinion that ______________.13.In my opinion, both sides are partly right.When we ______________, we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems, and then make the right decision.14.Personally, I believe that ______________.Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ______________.15.In my opinion, all of the people should be brave enough to show our disapproval and criticism when confronted with ______________.16.People are coming to realize the importance of ______________.They have begun to try their best to ______________.We believe that ______________.17.All in all, we cannot live without ______________.But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with problems that would arise.18.Whatever you do, please remember the saying-______________.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll definitely benefit a lot from it.19.With the development of society, ______________.So it’s urgent and necessary to ______________.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.20.It is difficult to say whether ______________ is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of ______________.However, from a personal point of view I find ______________.21.It is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation.22.It is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of ______________.23.But both ______________ and ______________ have disadvantages.For example, ______________.Which to choose, ______________ or ______________? Careful consideration is necessary before you make your own choice.24.From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ______________.25.We must search for a quick action, because the present situation of ______________ is grievous, if allowed to proceed, will certainly lead to ______________.26.No doubt, if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that ______________ will be put in danger.27.We need to take a second look at the matter from a wider standpoint, otherwise, we won’t ______________.28.It is high time that ______________.Here are some of the measures that might be taken immediately.29.In conclusion, we should know about the problem of ______________, and object to ______________.Only in this way ______________.30.Although it is affected by many factors, still there are certain ways that can make the situation better.The most import is ______________.Another way is ______________.Still another one is ______________.31.Many solutions are offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough.The problem should be studied in depth.32.No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ______________.But the common recognition of the importance of ______________ might be the first step on the right way.33.It is clear, therefore, that the task of ______________ demands great attention.34.We may have a long way to go before we reach the final goal.But once we are on the way, the chance to reach it is greater.35.But for me, I would rather think of the matter in an optimistic way.Because I believe ______________.36.We all know the story of ______________.this lesson tells us that ______________, we should ______________.37.My own point of view is that ______________ is a normal behavior in our society.There is no doubt that ______________.As an old saying goes, ______________.38.If we can’t take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is ______________.39.However, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future.I believe ______________.40.From the graph it is evident that ______________.41.From all the reasons above, we know that great changes had taken place in ______________.And I believe that ______________.42.Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ______________.43.For the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that ______________.44.Given the factors I have just outlined, I believe that ______________.45.Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.46.Recognizing the fact that ______________ should lead us to conclude that ______________.47.In short, I support the statement that it is better to ______________ because ______________.48.After pondering this question on many occasions, I have finally reached the conclusion that ______________ is something I truly want to do and it is worthwhile.49.My point of view in ______________ largely results from the fact that ______________.50.Now after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.51.From what has been discussed above, you can get your preference.Personally, I think ______________ has more advantages.52.On the one hand, it has helped china ______________.On the other hand, it has increased china’s ______________, and at the same time, made great contributions to our national development.53.In my opinion, to solve this problem there might be two ways.One way to tackle this question is ______________.Another way that is worth adopting is ______________.54.As far as I am concerned, I trust the advantages mentioned above exceed the disadvantages.55.For me, ______________ is a glory and it is the most important thing I have to take into feasible consideration.56.As regards me, I tend to pick ______________, for ______________.What’s more, ______________.57.If I were given a choice between ______________ and ______________, I would certainly prefer ______________.For me, ______________.

第五篇：新作文,作文寶囊

讓你的作文飛騰起來

張恒

作文，應該是生活之樹綻開的奇葩。其根也深，其果也甜。

生活是什么？

你的閱歷是生活，你的見聞是生活，你親身體驗和積累的大千世界浮沉起落的一切一切，都是生活。

但是，也請你不要忘記——你感受別人的閱歷，你品悟別人的見聞，你聆聽別人講述的大千世界的浮沉起落，當然也是生活。

這種感受、品悟、聆聽，就是間接知識的汲取，就是第二經驗的吸納，就是對于文字信息的不斷掌握，書面資料的不斷占有。這種借助于他人之手的對于生活的積累，就是閱讀。

如此，你的作文照樣可以飛騰起來，翱翔起來。

一條精妙文字信息，能立刻使你的作文意趣盎然，一段精美的書面資料，能立刻使你的作文情采煥然，倘若你參加高考、中考或者其他需要亮相作文的考試，更能使你文思暢達，筆下生花，成績斐然。

實際上，中學生的作文，絕大多數是根植于這樣的生活之樹，也只能根植于生活之樹。

也許，你學業繁忙、時間緊張，你根本無暇去尋索、去搜集、去網羅這些文字信息。那些書面資料，而你又格外希望、特別需要這一切。

這里，就是我為你盡微薄之力的地方啦。

議臨場應試論述類作文快速寫作技法

一、臨場應試胸有成竹，模式定位至關重要

論述類作文要想快速成文，具備一定的語言基礎、占有想相當的資料無疑是基本的前提。而在臨場應試中，如何以最短的時間理順思路，安排好結構，則是更為關鍵的一環。不少考生的作文所以失誤，其中很重要的原因是，拿到考題后心中無數，頭緒茫然，苦思冥想也無法設定一個理想的構局。為避免此類情況，平時就需要熟悉一定的模式，臨場時才能快速地進行構思定位。

模式，從思維學的角度看，是“一種反復出現的、以一定的格式排列的事物”，是“以特定方式組合的有規律的系統”。其實，模式就是一篇作文的基本輪廓、初步框架，一篇作文層次與層次的組合安排。中學生平時習見的一些常規結構類型，諸如所謂的平列論述、總分論述、遞進論述等等，實際上就是作文的定位 模式。如能熟練地掌握，臨場考試肯定會有好處。但人人都用，又可能落入俗套，影響得分。

有鑒于此，再熟悉一些更加別致、更有特色也并不難掌握的模式定位，臨場應試就更可能從容不迫、應付自如，獲得滿意的分數。

對于中等水平的考生，對于特別發愁作文的考生，掌握這些模式定位，更是助其闖過難關的技巧法寶，增其必勝信念的心靈支柱。

現在，就針對800字左右的短論、漫談、雜感一類論述作文，介紹四種可以立竿見影的實用模式及其基本定位形態。

1、聯想式定位

這類作文的構思模式為“概括——聯想——解析”三步定位

第一步，概括——這是一個由具體到抽象的過程。即首先推出可以論述命題的感性材料，然后通過挖掘材料蘊，概括出理性判斷，表達作文的基本觀點。

第二步，聯想——這是一個由抽象到具體的過程。即在表達過基本觀點的前提下，進入聯想，通過聯想推出與第一步中的感性材料相關的另外一類或者幾類感性材料。這實際上是為論述作文的基本觀點提供了新的依據，從而使第一步中概括的理性判斷獲得更加清晰的證明。

第三步，解析——這是一個由具體再到抽象的過程。即在聯想之后，推出對作文所運用的感性材料的更進一步的剖析，做出整體闡釋和更高層次的揭示，指出最后結論。

如作文《從羅思舉驅猴所想到的??》——

其第一步定位是:

我國清代筆記《清稗類鈔》中，講過一個很有意思的故事：四川某地多猴，不斷糟害莊稼而久趕不去，青年羅思舉就自告奮勇為民驅猴。他首先網住一只大猴，然后捆住腳爪，把猴毛剃了個一干二凈，又將猴身涂上五顏六色的漆，并在尾部捆了一串鞭炮。次日猴群再來時，點燃鞭炮，放開了大猴。大猴急于歸隊，向著同伙狂奔，群猴卻以為是什么妖怪追來，剎那間逃得無影無蹤，再不敢來此騷擾。

這個故事在宋人洪邁的《夷堅志》中就有記述，羅思舉或許只是照搬罷了。但畢竟告訴我們，人在處理問題時，一定要勤于思考，聰明運籌，學會用點智謀。

【論述命題的感性材料，從中概括出的理性材料，表達出基本觀點】

其第二步定位是：

類似驅猴的故事，在歷史和現實中都是很多的，宋人沈括《夢溪筆談補》中記敘的丁謂修宮就是一例。

北宋真宗時，皇宮失火被毀，大臣丁謂受命重建。當時，建筑材料只能由水路運到汴河，距皇宮尚遠，而建筑用土也要從很遠處拉來，燒毀的瓦礫又須拉到郊外。針對此種情況，丁謂首先下令順著皇宮前的大道開了一條長渠，將開渠的土用于建筑；而這條長渠又把汴河一直引到工地，運料船只就可以直接到達；皇宮修好后，再把瓦礫等回填到渠中，恢復了原來的大道。如此“一舉而三役濟，計省費以億萬計”。

【通過聯想推出另一類相關感性材料，為論述基本觀點提供了新的論據】

其第三步定位是：

一個善待動物的趣話，一件巧妙策劃的絕招，難道不是很能給人一些啟迪嗎？

如今的社會，是一個五光十色的多彩世界。面對難以回避的一系列人生課題，光憑勇顯然是不夠的。就是說，有勇還必須有智、有謀。

智謀，是人成為高素質人才的首要條件，是競爭角逐中獲勝求強的心靈財富。

智謀，常常意味著對常規認識的突破，對思維定勢的超越；意味著視野的多向，探究的別致，遭遇困難、面臨險境時的變通應對、靈活決策、異類求解和出人意料的奇招巧思。

所以，運用智謀，常常能夠以弱制強，以少勝多，事半而功倍；運用智謀，常?？梢员苊獠槐匾臓奚鼡p耗，少碰釘子少走彎路，迅速化不利為有利，變被動為主動，更順利地達到目標。

我國古代的“兵圣”孫武子說過：“善出奇者，無窮如天地，不竭如江河?！狈▏纸苣闷苼稣f過：“世上只有兩種威力，劍與智慧；從長遠看，劍總是被智慧制服。”讓我們通過不懈努力，多學會點運用智謀，為自己的美好人生開辟一片新天地吧！

【聯想之后進行更進一步剖析，做出整體闡釋和更高層次的揭示】

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