第一篇：新視野大學(xué)英語1讀寫教程課后完形翻譯

(1)I, for one, am far from ready to use online courses for my learning.Don’t get me wrong I am very happy about all the communication and learning opportunities the courses have give us.But for me those opportunities should not be used to replace classroom activities.In other words, they are only tools to help me learn what has already been offered in the classroom.(1)我是一個遠(yuǎn)離準(zhǔn)備使用在線課程的學(xué)習(xí)。別誤會我,我很高興所有的交流和學(xué)習(xí)的機會給我們的課程。但對我來說這些機會不應(yīng)該用來取代課堂活動。換句話說,他們是唯一的工具來幫助我學(xué)習(xí)已經(jīng)提供了在 教室里。I love the classroom.I love having classmates.There are forty students in my class right now, and I think it’s great.I even love having classmates who are better than me.And, Let’s not forget the smell of ink on paper, the sound of chalk on a blackboard, the hardness of a wooden bench or heat inside the classroom in early September.I love it all.But most of all, I love having a teacher—a ―real live‖ teacher.I get excited when I am in the classroom with a good teacher.I learn in a way that has been proven to work.I am given insight not only into a certain subject, but also into the world.我愛教室。我愛擁有的同學(xué)。有 40 個學(xué)生現(xiàn)在我班上,我覺得很好。我甚至喜歡擁有同學(xué)是比我更好。還有,我們不忘記紙上的墨跡的氣味,聲音的粉筆在黑板上,硬度木質(zhì)長凳或熱在 9 月初在教室里。我愛這 一切。但最重要的是,我喜歡有一個 teacher-a“真正的生活”的老師。我激動當(dāng)我在教室,一個好老師。我學(xué)習(xí)的方式已經(jīng)被證明可行。我有洞察力不僅投入到一個特定的主題,但也變成了世界。What makes having a classroom teacher so special? A good teacher pushes me to succeed.A good teacher rewards me with praise when I have done well and stays positive and gives me hope when I am down.I don’t believe that a teacher using a virtual classroom can reach out to in the same way.A teacher communicating through the Internet cannot share the same type of relationship a classroom teacher and student share.是什么讓擁有一個教室的老師如此特別?一個好老師逼迫我成功。一個好老師我報酬與贊美時,我做得很 好,保持積極和帶給我希望當(dāng)我失落的時候。我不相信一個老師用虛擬教室也能接觸到的相同的方式。一 個老師在通過因特網(wǎng)不能共享同一類型的關(guān)系一個教室的老師和學(xué)生分享。I guess that I am lucky to have had situation to so many excellent classroom teachers.I will never forget the kindness and commitment that those teachers have shown me Their examples make it hard for me to accept a way of learning that does not include them.You can me ―old-fashioned‖, but as long as there is a classroom, that’s where I will be learning.我猜,我很幸運有許多優(yōu)秀的狀況任課教師。我永遠(yuǎn)都不會忘記的仁慈與承諾,那些教師們告訴我他們的 例子使我很難接受的方法來學(xué)習(xí),不包括他們。你可以我“老式的”,但只要有一個教室,這就是我將學(xué)習(xí)。

(2)I’m not sure whether a ―generation gap‖ exists, but if it does, I hope I’m still standing on the youth’s side of the gap.I may be 50 and then some, but I still like to rock.When I was younger, I listened to all of the new rock and roll music , and I really got into it.But, listening to as well as rocking to new and unique music.I have to admin that rock and roll has changed since I was a teenager, but it is still about using rhythm to express feeling.(2)我不確定是否存在“代溝”,但如果這樣做,我希望我還站在青年方面的差距。我可能是 50,然后是有一 些,但我仍然喜歡搖滾。當(dāng)我年輕的時候,我聽了所有的新?lián)u滾音樂,我真的進(jìn)入它。但是,聽以及新的和獨 特的音樂震撼。我不得不管理那個搖滾已經(jīng)改變了因為我是一個十幾歲的少年,但它仍然是關(guān)于使用節(jié)奏 表達(dá)的感覺。Some of the changes have been very positive.Advances in technology made personal recording simple and given us access to music on the Internet Nowadays you can’t throw a stone without hitting someone that has made their own CD.You don’t have to just listen to music made and sold by big record companies.Many groups send their music straight to community radio stations This allows for truly new music to be heard that record companies have never even touched I play drums for one such group myself.一些非常積極的變化。技術(shù)上的進(jìn)步使個人記錄簡單和給我們訪問互聯(lián)網(wǎng)音樂現(xiàn)在你不能把一塊石頭扔 不打人,使得自己的 CD。你不必僅僅聽音樂的生產(chǎn)和銷售的大型唱片公司。許多團(tuán)體發(fā)送他們的音樂直 接向社區(qū)廣播站這允許真正全新的音樂是聽說唱片公司從來沒有被我打鼓為自己這樣的一個組織。My daughter is an actual teenager and she is thoroughly disgusted by my listening to and playing , as she puts it, ‖those awful tunes.‖ Classical music and playing the piano appeal to her.She pretends to show concern by making comments like ,‖You should turn that stuff down or you will hurt your ears, ‖but I know what she is really trying to say is upset ,though.And I don’t worry about my music having a(n)negative influence on her In any case ,she is probably right about my ears;I likely have lost some hearing from going to too many loud concert as I have.I can’t stay that it wasn’t worth it, though.If I had to it all over again I would do it all the same except I would protect my ears better 我的女兒是一個實際的十幾歲的孩子和她是徹底的反感,我聽和玩耍,正如她所說的,“那些可怕的曲調(diào)。“古典音樂和彈奏鋼琴吸引她。她假裝關(guān)心通過評論,像是“你應(yīng)該把這些東西下來或者你會傷害到你的 耳朵,“但我知道她是真正想說的是沮喪,雖然。和我不擔(dān)心我的音樂有一個(n)負(fù)面的影響在任何情況下, 她可能是對關(guān)于我的耳朵,我可能失去一些聽到要太多的響亮的演唱會是我。我不能留在不值得,雖然。如果我必須重新來過,我還會這么做相同的除了我將保護(hù)我的耳朵好

(3)Do not put off until tomorrow the good you can do today.There are so many possibilities that can get in the way of a good or great deed Examples of people who missed out on good opportunities are everywhere , and when it is too late, they regret missing the chance to have been of service.Saying ―tomorrow‖ just once instead of doing some good may lead to a habit of saying ―tomorrow‖.and tomorrow may never come.One delay is followed by another , and matters get out of hand quickly ,even when attempts are made to correct them.(3)不拖到明天你今天能夠做的好。有如此多的可能性,可以得到一個好或大好事的例子錯過了好機會到 處都是,當(dāng)它是太遲了,他們后悔錯過了機會,的服務(wù)。說“明天”只是一次而不是做一些好事可能導(dǎo)致一 個習(xí)慣:說“明天”。而明天也許永遠(yuǎn)不會再來。緊接著是另一次延遲,問題失控的快,甚至當(dāng)努力改正。Therefore , we must take things on as soon as we see them.This is the secret to progress and success One good deed can awaken us to new and greater opportunities to help those around us ,and thus, make our life richer.One good turn leads to another , and thus, the good is made larger.Once something great has been achieved,we are free to set our sights on the next opportunity to help that arise Each new opportunity may be bigger and better than the last And so ,I urge you to use all your efforts to do what good you can today instead of tomorrow.因此,我們必須把東西只要我們看到它們。這是進(jìn)步和成功的秘訣一件好事可以使我們意識到新的和更大 的機會來幫助周圍的人,并因此,讓我們的生活變得更豐富。一個好的將導(dǎo)致另一個,因此,好消息是做出更 大。一旦一些偉大已經(jīng)實現(xiàn),我們可以將我們的視野在接下來的機會幫助出現(xiàn)的每一個新的機會可能會比 去年更大更好,因此,我建議你使用你的努力去做什么好你可以今天而不是明天。Do not spend your time with thing that are neither good nor valuable.This will save you from mistake.If you are given a task that you do not believe is helpful ,delay it.Time will wash it away for you.At the same time, the beginnings of something positive will have built up.Do it at once!A kind word ,or a(n)service to others is never a waste of your time ,and you will reap the benefits of doing good and enjoy peace of mind.不要把你的時間和件既不好也不有價值的。這將會節(jié)省你的錯誤。如果你得到的是一個任務(wù),你不相信是 有幫助的,推遲。時間將會為你沖洗。同時,一些積極的開端就已經(jīng)建立了。馬上去做吧!一個親切的話語, 或一個(n)服務(wù)于他人是從不浪費你的時間,你將會收獲的益處好和享受平和的心態(tài)。

(4)Standing in the door of Mr Murphy’s office ,I could see he was learned on something he was reading.He had both elbow on his desk, his head was resting on one hand and his other hand was cupped about his mouth.I knew that he was keeping his office hours and that student participation was encouraged ,but all the same , I was afraid to approach.Then ,as I turned to leave , my foot banged against the bottom of the door ,startling me and causing the professor to look up.His eyes had simply moved from the desk to me, but the rest of his physical body remained the same.He invited me in without gesture, just a ―Come in.What is it that you need? ‖ There was little if any warmth or tone in his voice;it wasn’t exactly encouragement Despite being intimidated, I made a conscious effort to relax and persuaded myself to smile and enter the room.―Mr.Murphy ,‖ the pitch of my voice rose as I begin my introduction I am sorry to interrupt.my name is Peter.I am in your second-period English class.(4)站在門口的墨菲先生的辦公室,我能看到他從他讀的東西。他有兩肘放在他的桌子上,他的頭靠著一只 手和他的另一只手被捧他口中約。我知道他是把他的辦公時間,學(xué)生參與深受鼓舞,但同樣,我害怕的方法。然后,當(dāng)我轉(zhuǎn)身離開時,我的腳撞在門的底部,驚人的我,導(dǎo)致教授來查找。他的眼睛也只是簡單地從桌子搬 到我,但是他的身體其余部分保持不變。他邀請我在沒有動作,只是一個“進(jìn)來的。你需要什么?“幾乎沒 有如果任何溫暖或音調(diào)在他的聲音;這并不完全是鼓勵盡管受到恐嚇,我做了一個有意識放松和說服自己 微笑,進(jìn)入這個房間。“奧。墨菲,”我的聲音的音調(diào)玫瑰,我開始了我的介紹我抱歉打斷了。我的名字叫彼 得。我在你的十指關(guān)英語課。“Peter did you say it was? ‖ he replied.His reaction disappointed me.It was apparent that I had not made much of an impression with the presentation I made in class last week.he said my name as if he would not have remembered it without my having stated it for him first –as though he were no more impressed than if he had encountered a beggar on the street He continued ,‖Do you have something you want to discuss with me , or do you just stop by to visit ? “彼德你說,這是?“他回答說。他的反應(yīng)讓我很失望。很明顯,我并沒有產(chǎn)生多大的印象與演示我上周在 教室做的。他說我的名字,他沒有記得它沒有我對他有表示,盡管他沒有第一——更加印象深刻,比起如果 在街上遇到一個乞丐,他繼續(xù)說,“你有什么你想和我商量,或者你只是順道參觀嗎? In fact, I had stopped by to visit,but I was no longer feeling up to it and was looking for a fast exit.It seemed that the invitation he had extend in class ,‖ Drop by my office for a visit anytime.My door is always open.‖ was just a(n)empty gesture probably required by the school.I reach inside my bag and pulled out my English language textbook.I figured I can ask him a quick question rather than try to have a meaningful conversation.事實上,我順道去拜訪,但是我不再感覺它,正在尋找一個快速退出。情況似乎是這樣的,他在課堂上邀請擴 展,“掉到我辦公室隨時訪問。我的大門永遠(yuǎn)是敞開的。“只是一個(n)空的姿態(tài)可能要求的學(xué)校。我進(jìn)入 我的袋子,拿出我的英語教材。我想我可以問他一個簡單的問題,而不是試圖展開有意義的對話。

第二篇：新視野大學(xué)英語第三版讀寫教程1課后翻譯

Unit 1 蘇格拉底是古希臘哲學(xué)家，被譽為現(xiàn)代西方哲學(xué)的奠基人。他是一個謎一般的人物，人們主要通過后期的一些古典作家的敘述，尤其是他最著名的學(xué)生柏拉圖的作品去了解他。蘇格拉底以他對倫理學(xué)的貢獻(xiàn)而聞名。他的教學(xué)法亦稱為蘇格拉底法，即通過提問和回答來激發(fā)批判性思維以及闡述觀點。該方法在各種討論中仍被普遍使用。他還在認(rèn)識論和邏輯領(lǐng)域作出了重大而深遠(yuǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)。他的思想和方法所帶來的影響一直是后來的西方哲學(xué)的堅實基礎(chǔ)。蘇格拉底是古代哲學(xué)史上最豐富多彩的人物。他在他那個時代已威名遠(yuǎn)揚。雖然他未曾建立什么哲學(xué)體系，未曾設(shè)立什么學(xué)派，也未曾創(chuàng)立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就變得家喻戶曉了。Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals(基礎(chǔ))of modern Western philosophy.He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato.Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics.His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions.He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology(認(rèn)識論)and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed.Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy.His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical system, established no school, and founded no sect(宗派).孔子是中國歷史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家學(xué)派（Confucianism）的創(chuàng)始人，被尊稱為古代的“圣人”（sage）。他的言論和生平活動記錄在《論語》（The Analects）一書中。《論語》是中國古代文化的經(jīng)典著作，對后來歷代的思想家、文學(xué)家、政治家產(chǎn)生了很大影響。不研究《論語》，就不能真正把握中國幾千年的傳統(tǒng)文化。孔子的很多思想，尤其是其教育思想，對中國社會產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。在21世紀(jì)的今天，孔子的學(xué)說不僅受到中國人的重視，而且也越來越受到整個國際社會的重視。

Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history.He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient “sage”.His words and life story were recorded in The Analects.An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analects has had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius.Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years' traditional Chinese culture.Much of Confucius' thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society.In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.Unit 2 圣誕節(jié)是一個被廣泛慶祝的文化節(jié)日，全世界有許許多多的人在1 2月2 5日慶祝這一節(jié)日。它是為了紀(jì)念耶穌基督的誕辰。該節(jié)日最早可追溯到公元3 3 6年。漸漸地，這一節(jié)日演變?yōu)橐粋€既是宗教又是非宗教的節(jié)日，越來越多的非基督徒也慶祝圣誕節(jié)。如今，圣誕節(jié)在全球被作為一個重大的節(jié)日和公共假日來慶祝。不同國家的圣誕節(jié)風(fēng)俗也各不相同。現(xiàn)代流行的圣誕節(jié)風(fēng)俗包括交換圣誕賀卡和圣誕禮物、唱圣誕歌曲、參加教堂活動、擺放各種圣誕裝飾品和圣誕樹、舉行家庭聚會以及準(zhǔn)備一頓特別的大餐。對小孩子們來說，這個節(jié)日充滿了幻想和驚喜。據(jù)傳說，圣誕老人會在圣誕夜從煙囪進(jìn)入每戶人家，給乖巧聽話的孩子帶來禮物。由于圣誕節(jié)送禮物以及許多其他方面推動了基督徒和非基督徒的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動，圣誕節(jié)也因此成為商家的一個重大活動和主要銷售季。

Christmas is a widely observed cultural holiday, celebrated on December 25 by millions of people around the world.It commemorates(紀(jì)念)the birth of Jesus Christ.The festival dated from as early as 336 AD.Gradually it evolved into a religious as well as secular(非宗教的)celebration, celebrated by an increasing number of non-Christians.Today Christmas is observed as an important festival and public holiday around the world.Christmas customs differ in different countries.Popular modern customs of the holiday include an exchange of Christmas cards and gifts, Christmas singing, church attendance, the display of various Christmas decorations and trees, family gatherings, and a special meal preparation.To small children, the festival is full of fantasy and surprise.Legend(傳說)has it that Santa Claus will enter each house through the chimney and bring gifts to well-behaved children on Christmas Eve.Because gift-giving and many other aspects of the Christmas festival heighten economic activity among both Christians and non-Christians, the holiday has also become a significant event and a key sales period for businesses.每 年 農(nóng) 歷（Chinese lunar calendar）八 月 十 五 是我 國 的 傳 統(tǒng) 節(jié) 日 —— 中 秋 節(jié)（the Mid-Autumn Festival）。這時是一年秋季的中期，所以被稱為中秋。中秋節(jié)的一項重要活動是賞月。夜晚，人們賞明月、吃月餅，共慶中秋佳節(jié)。中秋節(jié)也是家庭團(tuán)圓的時刻，遠(yuǎn)在他鄉(xiāng)的游子，會借此寄托自己對故鄉(xiāng)和親人的思念之情。中秋節(jié)的習(xí)俗很多，都寄托著人們對美好生活的熱愛和向往。自2008年起，中秋節(jié)成為中國的法定節(jié)假日。

According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival — the Mid-Autumn Festival.This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn.One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon.On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes.The festival is also a time for family reunion.People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival.There are many customs to celebrate the festival, all expressing people's love and hope for a happy life.Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China.Unit 3 倫敦地鐵是英國的一個快速交通運輸系統(tǒng)，服務(wù)于大倫敦的大部分地區(qū)。地鐵系統(tǒng)因其地鐵隧道的典型形狀也被稱為地下管道。倫敦地鐵始建于19 世紀(jì)中期，是世界上最早的地下鐵路系統(tǒng)。它的第一段地鐵于1863 年開始運營。自此，倫敦地鐵不斷延伸，發(fā)展成為一個包括12條線路、275個車站、鐵軌總長超過250 英里的地鐵杰作，其中有45％在地下運行。就路線長度而言，它是世界上第四大地鐵系統(tǒng)，也是車站數(shù)量最多的地鐵系統(tǒng)之一。作為一個走遍倫敦的經(jīng)濟(jì)便捷的途徑，倫敦地鐵一向是每天數(shù)百萬通勤者以及在節(jié)假日游歷倫敦的游客的首選。倫敦地鐵已成為倫敦的一個國際標(biāo)志。2013 年倫敦舉辦了各種各樣的活動，慶祝地鐵運營150 周年，紀(jì)念這一里程碑。

The London Underground is a rapid transit(交通運輸系統(tǒng))system in the United Kingdom, serving a large part of Greater London.The underground system is also known as the Tube, due to the characteristic shape of the subway tunnels.It all started in the mid-1800s.The Tube was the world's first underground train system, with the first section opening in 1863.Since then it has grown to an underground masterpiece(杰作)of 12 lines, 275 stations, and over 250 miles of rail track, 45% of which is underground.It is the fourth largest metro system in the world in terms of route miles.It also has one of the largest numbers of stations.As an affordable and easy way to get around London, the Tube remains the first choice for millions of commuters each day, as well as tourists visiting the city on holidays.The Tube has been an international icon for London.The London Underground celebrated its 150 years of operation in 2013, with various events marking the milestone(里程碑).中國航天業(yè)開創(chuàng)于1956年。幾十年來，中國航天事業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一個又一個奇跡。1970年，中國成功發(fā)射了第一顆人造地球衛(wèi)星，成為世界上第五個獨立自主研制和發(fā)射人造地球衛(wèi)星的國家。1992年，中國開始實施載人航天飛行工程（manned spaceflight program）。2003年，中國成功發(fā)射了“神舟五號”載人飛船，使中國成為第三個發(fā)射載人飛船的國家。2007年發(fā)射了“嫦娥一號”，即第一顆繞月球飛行（lunar-orbiting）的人造衛(wèi)星。2013年，第五艘載人飛船“神舟十號”發(fā)射成功，為中國空間站的建設(shè)打下了基礎(chǔ)。

China's space industry was launched in 1956.Over the past decades, China's space industry has created one miracle after another.In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites.In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program.In 2003 China launched Shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship.The successful launch made China the third country to launch manned spaceships.In 2007 Chang'e-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite, was sent to space.In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station.Unit 4 作為通過中國游歷亞洲的首批歐洲人之一，馬可?波羅可能是中國人最熟知的外國商人和航海家。從1271 年到1295 年，他和他的家人游歷廣泛，遍及歐洲和亞洲。期間，他在中國留居了17 年。他的著作《馬可?波羅游記》描述了他游歷亞洲的旅程，讓歐洲人首次全面領(lǐng)略了包括中國、印度和日本在內(nèi)的遠(yuǎn)東地區(qū)的情況。從他的文字?jǐn)⑹鲋校鞣饺说谝淮瘟私獾酱善鳌⒚禾俊⒒鹚帯⒂∷⑿g(shù)、紙幣以及絲綢。在15 世紀(jì)末和16 世紀(jì)歐洲發(fā)現(xiàn)與征服的大航海時代，馬可?波羅所記錄的大量新的地理信息得到了廣泛使用。在他去世后的這幾個世紀(jì)里，馬可?波羅獲得了他在有生之年未曾獲得的贊譽。馬可?波羅的故事鼓舞了其他無數(shù)的探險者去踏上征程，發(fā)現(xiàn)世界。

As one of the first Europeans to travel across Asia through China, Marco Polo is perhaps the most well-known foreign merchant and voyager to the Chinese people.He traveled extensively(廣泛地)with his family, journeying from Europe to Asia from 1271 to 1295.He remained in China for 17 of those years.His book The Travels of Marco Polo depicts his journeys throughout Asia, giving Europeans their first comprehensive look into the Far East, including China, India, and Japan.From his written accounts the Westerners learned of porcelain, coal, gunpowder, printing, paper money, and silk for the first time.The wealth of new geographic information recorded by Polo was widely used in the late 15th and the 16th centuries during the age of the European voyages of discovery and conquest(征服).In the centuries since his death, Marco Polo has received the recognition that failed to come his way during his lifetime.Marco Polo's story has inspired countless other adventurers to set off and see the world.鄭和是中國歷史上最著名的航海家（maritime explorer）。公元1405 年，明朝的統(tǒng)治者為了穩(wěn)固邊防（border defense）和開展海上貿(mào)易，派鄭和下西洋（the Western Seas）。在此后的28 年里，鄭和帶領(lǐng)船隊七下西洋，前后出海的人員有10 多萬人，訪問了30 多個國家和地區(qū)。船隊縱橫南亞、西亞，一直到非洲大陸。鄭和下西洋是世界航海（navigation）史上的壯舉，它展現(xiàn)了鄭和卓越的航海和組織才能，同時展現(xiàn)了明朝的國力和國威（national strength and prestige），加強了明朝和海外各國之間的關(guān)系。

Zheng He was the most famous maritime explorer in Chinese history.In 1405 AD, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He on a voyage to the Western Seas in order to strengthen border defense and develop trade by sea.In the following 28 years, Zheng He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the Western Seas with over 100,000 crew members in total, and visited more than 30 countries and regions.The fleet traveled far into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to the continent of Africa.Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas were a great feat in the world's navigation history.It showed Zheng He's outstanding navigation and organization talents;meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the Ming Dynasty and the overseas countries.Unit 5 有關(guān)古代奧林匹克運動會的最早文字記載可追溯至公元前776年。古代奧運會每4年舉辦一次，在8月6日與9月19日之間的一個紀(jì)念宙斯的宗教節(jié)日期間舉行。第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運會于1896年在希臘雅典舉辦。奧運會的標(biāo)志由五個大小相同的套環(huán)組成，代表著五大洲的聯(lián)合和來自世界各地運動員的大聚會。奧運會真正騰飛、成為一項國際體育盛會是在1924年之后，即第8屆奧運會在巴黎舉辦之后。這一年，來自44個國家約3,000名運動員同場競技，并且第一次在奧運會上增加了閉幕式這一儀式。同年，冬季奧運會首次亮相，比賽項目包括花樣滑冰、冰球、雪橇和冬季兩項運動。80年后，2004年夏季奧運會在相隔一個多世紀(jì)后再次在雅典舉辦，來自201個國家的近11,000名運動員展開競技，創(chuàng)下參賽國數(shù)量之最。

The first written records of the ancient Olympic Games date to 776 BC.The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honoring Zeus(宙斯).The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896.The Olympic symbol consists of five interlaced rings of equal dimensions, representing the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from throughout the world at the Olympic Games.The Olympics truly took off as an international sporting event after 1924, when the 8th Olympic Games were held in Paris.Some 3,000 athletes from 44 nations competed that year, and for the first time the Games featured a closing ceremony.The Winter Olympics debuted(問世)that year, including such events as figure skating, ice hockey, bobsledding and the biathlon.Eighty years later, when the 2004 Summer Olympics returned to Athens for the first time in more than a century, nearly 11,000 athletes from 201 countries competed, breaking the then record of participating countries.太極拳（Tai Chi）是一種武術(shù)（martial arts）項目，也是一種健身運動，在中國有著悠久的歷史。太極拳動作緩慢而柔和，適合任何年齡、性別、體型的人練習(xí)。太極拳既可防身，又能強身健體，因而深受中國人的喜愛。太極拳在發(fā)展的過程中，借鑒并吸收了中國傳統(tǒng)哲學(xué)、醫(yī)術(shù)、武術(shù)的合理內(nèi)容（element），成為特色鮮明的一項運動。作為中國特有的一種運動形式，太極拳也越來越受到眾多外國朋友的喜愛。

Tai Chi is a kind of martial arts, and a fitness exercise as well.It has a long history in China.With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable for people of any age, sex, or body type to practice.It can be used to provide self-defense as well as build the body.Therefore, it has become very popular among Chinese people.During its development, Tai Chi borrowed and absorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and martial arts, and it has developed into a sport with unique features.As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends.Unit 6 間隔年指的是學(xué)生休假不去上學(xué)而去旅游或工作等的一段時間，但不一定是一年。間隔年通常選在高中畢業(yè)和進(jìn)入大學(xué)之前的一段時間。在這段時間里，學(xué)生可以旅游、參加志愿者工作或者在國外邊打工邊度假。一種新潮流是參加集語言學(xué)習(xí)、住家、文化交流、社區(qū)服務(wù)和自主學(xué)習(xí)于一體的國際教育活動。間隔年的做法于20世紀(jì)60年代興起于英國。它在英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭和加拿大已經(jīng)變得非常流行。但是在美國，間隔年的做法仍然只是個別現(xiàn)象。不過近年來，間隔年對美國人來說變得稍微普遍起來。2013年有大約四萬美國學(xué)生參加了間隔年活動，比2006年增加了近20%。普林斯頓大學(xué)、哈佛大學(xué)、麻省理工學(xué)院等大學(xué)都有明文規(guī)定允許學(xué)生延遲入學(xué)。

Gap year(間隔年)refers to a period of time —not necessarily a year — in which students take time off and do something other than schooling, such as travel or work.The year out is most commonly taken after high school and before going to university.During this time, a student might travel, engage in volunteer work or undertake(承擔(dān))a working holiday abroad.A new trend is to participate in international education programs that combine language study, home stays, cultural exchange, community service, and independent study.The practice of taking a year out developed in the United Kingdom in the 1960s.It has grown very popular among students in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.In the United States, however, the practice of taking a year off remains the exception(例外).But in recent years, taking a year out has become slightly more common for Americans.Some 40,000 American students participated in 2013 in gap year programs, an increase of almost 20% since 2006.Universities such as Princeton University, Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology have formal policies allowing students to defer(延期)admission.改革開放以來，中國的教育事業(yè)得到了快速發(fā)展，取得了引人矚目的成就。中國政府把教育擺在優(yōu)先發(fā)展的地位，堅持科教興國（revitalize the country），全面提倡素質(zhì)教育(quality-oriented education)。同時，積極推進(jìn)教育公平，保障人人有受教育的機會。中國的教育成就反映在兩個不同的層面：一個是全面普及了九年義務(wù)教育（nine-year compulsory education），另一個是實現(xiàn)了高等教育大眾化（mass higher education）。教育的發(fā)展為中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會進(jìn)步作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。近年來，為適應(yīng)社會、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要，中國政府不斷加快培養(yǎng)各領(lǐng)域的急需人才。

Since its economic reform and opening-up to the world, China's education has gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements.The Chinese government gives top priority to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates quality-oriented education.Meanwhile, it actively promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to education.China's achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers: One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education;the other is the realization of mass higher education.The development of education has made significant contributions to China's economic development and social progress.In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economic development, the Chinese government has sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed in various fields.Unit 7 在所有美國人的信念中，最基本、最強烈的信念可能就是崇尚個人自由。要理解美國人，最重要的也許就是了解他們對“個人主義”的熱愛。生活中他們很早就開始受到教育，把自己看成獨立的個體，對人生中自己的處境以及自己的前途命運負(fù)責(zé)。美國人認(rèn)為自己的思想和行為高度個性化。他們不愿被視為任何同質(zhì)群體的代表。如果確實加入了群體，他們也認(rèn)為自己有特別之處，與同一個群體中的其他成員有著些許的差別。與美國人對個人主義賦予的價值緊密相關(guān)的是他們對個人隱私的重視。美國人認(rèn)為，人“需要有自己的時間”或者“有時間獨處”，用來思考事情，或者恢復(fù)他們所消耗的心理能量。美國人很難理解那些總想與人結(jié)伴、不愛獨處的外國人。

The belief in the freedom of the individual is probably the most basic and most strongly held of all American beliefs.The most important thing to understand Americans is probably their devotion(深愛)to “individualism”.They have been trained since very early in their lives to consider themselves as separate individuals who are responsible for their own situations in life and their own destiny.Americans view themselves as highly individualistic in their thoughts and actions.They resist being thought of as representatives of any homogeneous(由同類組成的)group.When they do join groups, they believe they are special, just a little different from other members of the same group.Closely associated with the value they place on individualism is the importance Americans assign privacy.Americans assume people “need some time to themselves” or “some time alone” to think about things or recover their spent psychological energy.Americans have great difficulty understanding foreigners who always want to be with another person and who dislike being alone.為人誠信，以和為貴是中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德。“和”的思想體現(xiàn)在很多方面。在處理人與人的關(guān)系上，中國傳統(tǒng)思想主張“和為貴”以及“家和萬事興”，從而創(chuàng)造一個和諧的社會環(huán)境。在人與自然的關(guān)系上，人類應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會認(rèn)識自然，尊重自然，保護(hù)自然。人與人、人與社會、人與自然都需要“和諧”。如今，和諧發(fā)展依然是我們的治國之本和管理人才之道。隨著我國社會經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的發(fā)展，“和”的思想更加深入人心。中國正在向構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。

Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese virtues.“Harmony” is demonstrated in various aspects.In regard to interpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that “Harmony is most precious” and “A family that lives in harmony will prosper”.A harmonious social environment can be created based on these principles.As for relations between human beings and nature, people should learn to understand, respect and protect nature.Harmony is essential to interpersonal relations, relations between human beings and society, as well as between human beings and nature.Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing talented personnel.With the development of China's society, economy and culture, the idea of “harmony” goes even deeper into people's hearts.China is on its way toward the goal of building a harmonious socialist society.Unit 8 作為世界上唯一一個真正具有普遍性的世界組織，聯(lián)合國已經(jīng)成為處理超越國界、而且任何一個國家都無法獨立解決的問題的首要論壇。聯(lián)合國最初的宗旨是維護(hù)和平、保護(hù)人權(quán)、建立國際公平正義的框架以及促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會進(jìn)步。近年來，聯(lián)合國又面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)，諸如氣候變化、國際恐怖主義和艾滋病等。現(xiàn)在，解決爭端及維護(hù)和平仍然是聯(lián)合國最主要的任務(wù)。除此之外，聯(lián)合國及其專門機構(gòu)還致力于各種旨在改進(jìn)世界人民生活的活動，從賑災(zāi)到教育和婦女進(jìn)步，再到原子能的和平使用。聯(lián)合國及其專門機構(gòu)推動世界成為一個更加友好、更加宜居的地方，為全世界人民帶來了福祉。

As the world's only truly universal global organization, the United Nations(UN)has become the foremost forum to address issues that transcend(超越)national boundaries and cannot be resolved by any one country acting alone.The initial goals of the UN are safeguarding(保護(hù))peace, protecting human rights, establishing the framework for international justice and promoting economic and social progress.In recent years, the UN has been faced with new challenges, such as climate change, international terrorism and AIDS.While conflict resolution and peacekeeping continue to be among its primary efforts, the UN, along with its specialized agencies, is also engaged in a wide range of activities to improve people's lives around the world — from disaster relief, through education and advancement of women, to peaceful uses of atomic energy.The UN and its specialized agencies have helped the world become a more hospitable(熱情友好的)and livable place and brought great benefits to people around the world.新中國成立后，中國堅持（persist in）獨立自主的和平外交政策，在外交領(lǐng)域取得了巨大成就。截至2011年，中國已與172個國家建立了外交關(guān)系（diplomatic relations）。近年來，隨著中國綜合國力的提升（enhancement），中國在國際事務(wù)中的作用越來越重要，中國的國際地位得到進(jìn)一步提升。在地區(qū)性事務(wù)中，中國積極推動各種區(qū)域合作，為維護(hù)地區(qū)和平、促進(jìn)地區(qū)發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。中國外交（diplomacy）將高舉“和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏”的旗幟（banner），在和平共處五項原則的基礎(chǔ)上，通過全面發(fā)展同各國的友好合作，為建設(shè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界作出不懈的努力（make unremitting efforts）。

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, China has persisted in the independent foreign policy of peace, and made tremendous progress in foreign affairs.By 2011, China had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries.Over recent years, with the enhancement of its comprehensive national strength, China has been playing an increasingly important role in international affairs, and China's international status has been further enhanced.In regional affairs, China actively promotes all kinds of regional cooperation.It has made important contributions in maintaining regional peace and promoting regional development.China's diplomacy will hold high the banner of “peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit”.On the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and through all-round and friendly cooperation with various countries, China will make unremitting efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

第三篇：新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程4課后翻譯

這種植物只有在培育它的土壤中才能很好地成長。The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.研究結(jié)果表明，無論我們白天做了什么事情，晚上都會做大約兩個小時的夢。Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.有些人往往責(zé)怪別人沒有盡最大努力，以此來為自己的失敗辯護(hù)。Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.我們忠于我們的承諾：凡是答應(yīng)做的，我們都會做到。We remain true to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do, we would do it.連貝多芬的父親都不相信自己兒子日后有一天可能成為世界上最偉大的音樂家。愛迪生也同樣如此，他的老師覺得他似乎過于遲鈍。Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.當(dāng)局控告他們威脅國家安全。They were accused by the authorities of threatening the state security.要是這部喜劇中的人物更幽默些的話，就會吸引更多的觀眾。If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.她從未對自己的能力失去信心，因此她有可能成為一名成功的演員。要成為一名駕駛員，視覺上分辨紅色與綠色的能力是必不可少的。

The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a driver.這個組由七個人組成，他們經(jīng)常見面，分享彼此的信息。

The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each other.這些科學(xué)家在創(chuàng)建基因圖譜的過程中體會到：合作不僅僅是一種有吸引力的選擇，它還是一種責(zé)任。In the process of creating the genetic map, these scientists realized that cooperation was more than an attractive option;it was a responsibility.他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)簡直就是一個奇跡。由于他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們對人類基因的歷史有了新的了解。Their research findings were nothing less than a miracle.As a result of their findings, new light has been shed on the history of human genes.事實上，只有勤奮加方法得當(dāng)才能使你在學(xué)習(xí)上比他人有優(yōu)勢。

In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage over others.法官說這種懲罰將起到殺一儆百的作用。The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to others.感染的危險只限于那些與病人有親密接觸的人。The risk of infection is She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.我just learned as I went along.從未受過正式培訓(xùn)，我只是

邊干邊學(xué)。I never had formal training, I 隨products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining 著產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國際市場，他 們的品牌知名度越來越高了。As their in popularity.她自己是否能可以編造一

she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, 讓這個故事，故事聽起說自己被竊來可信。賊 She could make up a story by saying 打昏，所有的錢都沒了，但她懷疑but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.誰評都不清楚他是否故意推遲了這次訪問，可是這引起了對 他更多的批

brought more criticism of him.。No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this 據(jù)Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has 報道有七八位官員收受賄賂，市長決定親自出馬調(diào)查這件事。

decided to look into the affair in person.這

臨些工人后悔and going back to work.Now they are again faced with the threat of losing 失業(yè)的危險當(dāng)時了。These workers regret yielding to the management's advice 接受管理部門的意見重新回去工作。現(xiàn)在他們再次面their jobs.你折的只需填寫一

張表格就可取得會員資格，它可以使你在買東西時entitles you to a discount on goods.優(yōu)惠。You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which 享受打不知 時為什么他們的汽車在半路壞掉了，結(jié)果他們比原three hours later than they had planned.。Their car broke down halfway for no reason.As a result they arrived 計劃晚到了三個小那位官a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.員卷入了一場丑聞，數(shù)周后被迫 辭職。這個The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a 靠救濟(jì)過日子的人開始慢慢地建立起自己的市The official got involved in

場，生意日漸興隆。time and his business is thriving.我父母不是invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.對我的教育投資，而是把

錢花在了買新住房上。Rather than 如今，人spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the 們用于休閑娛樂的開支是過去的兩倍。Today, people arepast.一家公司要成功，business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.它必須跟上市場的發(fā)展。In order to be successful, a 與in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.申請這個職位的其他女孩相比，她流利的英語是個優(yōu)勢。Her fluency 對

由他于學(xué)生而言，沒有任何地方比圖書館更好了，在那里所有的books are at their disposal.們使用。For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the 圖書都任我We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, 們要充分利用好這個平臺，加強交流，拓展合作領(lǐng)域，共謀發(fā)展大計。expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint efforts.這innocent as he appears.位小個子男子

并不如他看上去那么單純。對這個問題nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor 我已束手無策了，所以

This little man is not so 你不妨去求助于王教授吧。There's Wang for help.雙Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, 方高度評價了在不同

領(lǐng)域合作取得的成果，并希望合作進(jìn)一步加深。and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.一方面，直言之路，親民形象能使新政策更易于被民people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will 啟進(jìn)善之門”。On the one hand, an image of being close to the 眾接受，另一方面，它也能“廣“encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions”.他孤His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length 獨的感覺時

起時落，他有時會對自己、對寵物、對電視機嘮叨不休。to himself and his pets and the television.畢is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.竟，金錢不是萬能的，最富有的人不一定是最幸福的。After all, money

假found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it? 設(shè)你發(fā)現(xiàn)了你自己的同事受賄，你會不會無動于衷呢？Suppose 他如此固 you We've 執(zhí)，我們已對他失望了。跟他爭論一點意義都沒有。

with him.given up on him because he is so stubborn.It is pointless to argue 他突然想到了一

一。個加速實驗進(jìn)程的好辦法，但組里的成員卻對此意見不but opinions differed among members of the group on it.He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, 今天我能 Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able 夠使自己的職業(yè)與興趣相符，之前我是做不到的。

to do before.confined to those who have close contact with the patients.從這From 一分析中我happened and what to do about it.such an analysis 們可以更好地知道we are in a 發(fā)better 生了什position 么以及要做些什

to understand 么。

what has 只要他守out so late as long as he behaves himself.規(guī)矩，我倒不在乎他晚上在外呆得

這么晚。I don't mind his staying 與的其他計劃相比，我更喜歡他的計劃，因

practical than his.計劃更實際。I prefer his plan to others 為in 我that 覺得I 沒think 有任何一no plan 個計劃is 比他more 他已們與huge losses in the last fiscal year and went bankrupt.經(jīng)破那家公司中產(chǎn)了。They broke off business relations with that company as it suffered 斷

了生意來往，因為那家公司上一個財政損失慘重，既you don't like him, why did you invite him to your birthday party in the first 然你不喜歡他，當(dāng)初為什么還要邀請他參加你的生日

晚會呢？Now that place?

雖Though we knew our chances to win were slim, we were more or less depressed 然知道獲勝的可能性不大，但比賽失敗后，我們多少還是有點沮喪。when we lost in the game.也to be paid for progress許這是為進(jìn)步而付出的代價，誰

知道呢? Perhaps this was the price that has 盡很少。管他們做出了巨大的努力，但目前—who knows? 為 止，博物

館每天的參觀者仍然還是been very low.For all their great efforts, the museum's daily attendance has so far still 作規(guī)為對政府檢查員批

評的回應(yīng)，公司改變了一些做法，而不是放棄自己的some of its practices rather than gave up its rules.定。In response to criticism by government inspectors, the company changed 警方提醒乘客，不要warned 將錢和貴重物品放在提包里，以防被

盜。they should be stolen.the passengers against putting money and precious things in bags The police lest 調(diào)查應(yīng)Surveys ought to focus on how parents and children perceive the ways in which 集中于父母和孩子

們?nèi)绾慰创龑W(xué)校滿足他們需求的那些辦法。the school satisfies their needs.一瞬的女子。間，特斯（well-educated woman.In a flash, Tess）由一Tess changed 個天真的女孩from 變an 成了一innocent 個成熟、受girl to a 過mature 良好教育我能I can confirm that 200 new trains are being manufactured and that the first of 證實200列新火車正在制造中，第一批

and 將在今年五月投入運營。those trains will come into service in May this year.無 他人有用的論你的智商有多高，你的看法都受到個人經(jīng)歷的局限，因此要

學(xué)會吸納experience perspectives of others.you 觀點。have No matter how high your IQ is, your view is limited by the had and so you should learn to incorporate the useful 這個game that none of them took note of the passage of time.游戲非常有趣，他們誰也沒有注意到時間的流逝。So interesting was the 我一直在整理through these old documents to see which are 這些舊文件，看看哪些有用，哪些需要扔掉。I've been sorting useful and which can be thrown away.隨reflect on future plans.著年齡越來越大，你應(yīng)該考慮未來的計劃。As you get older you should 他在演出中的亮相l(xiāng)ess than a sensation.簡直是個轟動。His appearance in the show was nothing 他set 們每個月都從工資kid's education in the future.aside a particular 中留出一amount of 筆錢money，用于孩子from their 將來salary 的教育。for Every month they the sake of their

第四篇：新視野大學(xué)英語第三版讀寫教程3課后翻譯

NNCE Book3課后翻譯參考答案

Unit1 英譯中原文：Global citizen is someone who identifies with being part of an emerging world community and whose actions contribute to building this community's values and practices.Global citizenship believes that humankind is essentially on and each individual has the power to change things.In our interdependent world, global citizenship encourages usto recognize our responsibilities toward each other and learn from each other.Global citizens care about education, disease, poverty, and environmental issues around the world.Today, the forces of global engagement are helping some people identify themselves as global citizens who have a sense of belonging to a world community.This growing global identity in large part is made possible by the forces of modern information, communications and transportation technologies.Global citizenship aims to empower people to lead their own action.Along with the knowledge and values that they have gained from learning about global issues, people need to be equipped with the necessary skills to give themselves the ability and confidence to be pro-active in making a positive difference in the world.Keys：世界公民是指一個人承認(rèn)自己是新興的全球社區(qū)的一分子，而且其行動對全球社區(qū)的價值打造和實踐活動有所貢獻(xiàn)。世界公民相信人類從本質(zhì)上來說是一個整體，任何個人都有改變事物的能力。在我們這樣一個相互依賴的世界中，世界公民意識鼓勵我們認(rèn)識到對彼此的責(zé)任，并從對方身上學(xué)習(xí)。世界公民關(guān)心全球的教育、疾病、貧窮和環(huán)境問題。在當(dāng)今，全球合作的力量在使一些人萌發(fā)世界公民的意識，讓他們擁有對全球社區(qū)的歸屬感。這種不斷發(fā)展的世界公民意識在很大程度上來講，要歸功于現(xiàn)代信息、通信和交通技術(shù)的力量世界公民意識致力于給予人們力量，讓他們付諸行動，世界公民除了要從世界問題中學(xué)習(xí)知識和價值觀，還要擁有必需的技能，使他們擁有能力和自信，積極推動世界的發(fā)展。

漢譯英原文：如今，很多年輕人不再選擇“ 穩(wěn)定” 的工作，他們更愿意自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，依靠自己的智慧和奮斗去實現(xiàn)自我價值。青年創(chuàng)業(yè)（young entrepreneurship）是未來國家經(jīng)濟(jì)活力的來源，創(chuàng)業(yè)者的成功不但會創(chuàng)造財富、增加就業(yè)機會、改善大家的生活，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，對于國家更是一件好事，創(chuàng)業(yè)者正是讓中國經(jīng)濟(jì)升級換代的力量。尤其是在當(dāng)前，國家鼓勵大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新，在政策上給予中小企業(yè)支持，這更加激發(fā)了年輕人的創(chuàng)業(yè)熱情。

Keys：Nowadays, many young people no longer choose “stable” jobs.Instead, they prefer to start their own businesses and realize their self-value through their own wisdom and efforts.Young entrepreneurship is the source of national economic vitality in the future.The success of entrepreneurs not only creates fortune, increases job opportunities, improves people's life, but it is also good for the country in the long term.Entrepreneurs are a driving force in upgrading China's economy.Especially for the time being, our country is encouraging people to start their own businesses and make innovations and giving policy support for medium and small businesses.This further arouses young people's enthusiasm to start their own businesses.Unit 2 英譯中原文：The American Dream is a national ethos(精神特質(zhì))of the United States.The term is used in many ways, but it essentially is an idea that suggests that anyone in the US can succeed through hard work and has the potential to lead a happy, successful life.Many people have expanded upon or refined the definition to include things such as freedom, fulfillment and meaningful relationships.The idea of an American Dream is older than the US, dating back to the 1600s, when people began to have all sorts of hopes and aspirations for what was a new and largely unexplored continent to European immigrants.And the meaning of the Dream has changed over the course of history, including both personal components and a global vision.But not everybody thinks the American Dream is a positive thing.Some people believe that the structure of society in the US prevents such an idealistic goal for everyone.Critics often point to examples of inequality rooted in class, race, religion and ethnicity that suggest that the American Dream is not attainable for everyone.Keys：美國夢是美利堅合眾國的民族精神。該詞有各種各樣的用法，但其根本含義是，在美國任何人都可以通過努力獲得成功，都有可能過上幸福而成功的生活口許多人對美國夢的概念加以拓展和提煉，涵蓋了像自由，自我實現(xiàn)和深厚的人際關(guān)系等方面的內(nèi)容。美國夢的思想比美國本身更為久遠(yuǎn)，可以追溯到17世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時的歐洲移民面對這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)的、未經(jīng)開發(fā)的廣裹大陸，開始紛紛懷揣希望，追逐夢想。隨著歷史的發(fā)展，美國夢的含義也已改變，既包含了個人元素，也包含了全局視野。但并不是每個人都對美國夢持肯定態(tài)度。一些人認(rèn)為美國的社會結(jié)構(gòu)決定了不是每個人都能擁有這樣的理想目標(biāo)。批評者常常舉以實例，揭露植根于階級、種族、宗教和民族的不平等現(xiàn)象，指出美國夢并非每個人都可企及。

漢譯英原文：實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興（rejuvenation）是近代以來中國人民最偉大的夢想，我們稱之為“中國夢”，其基本內(nèi)涵是實現(xiàn)國家富強、民族振興、人民幸福。中國夢，是讓每一個積極進(jìn)取的中國人形成世世代代的信念：只要經(jīng)過不懈的奮斗便能獲得更好的生活。人們必須通過自己的勤奮、勇氣、創(chuàng)意和決心邁向繁榮，而不是依賴于社會和他人的援助。每個中國人都是中國夢的參與者和創(chuàng)造者。中國夢是民族的夢，也是每個中國人的夢。

Keys：Realizing the great national rejuvenation, which we define as the Chinese Dream, has been the greatest Chinese expectation since modem times.It basically means achieving prosperity for the country, renewal of the nation and happiness for the people, thus ensuring that every enterprising Chinese carries, generation after generation, the firm conviction that a better life is accomplished through persistent effort.People should achieve their prosperity through diligence, courage, creativity and determination instead of aid from society or other people.Each individual is a participant and a designer in the cause of realizing the Chinese Dream, for it is a dream not only for the entire nation but also for every Chinese.Unit 3 英譯中原文：Leonardo da Vinci, one of the greatest minds of the Italian Renaissance, is perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived.A painter, sculptor, architect, mathematician, engineer, and inventor, he is famous for a wide range of accomplishments.His natural genius, which crossed multiple disciplines, won him the title of“Renaissance Master”.Leonardo is renowned primarily as a painter.Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the best known and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time.What make Leonardo's drawings unique are mainly his innovative techniques and acute scientific mind.Perhaps only 15 of his paintingshave survived, partly because his constant experimentation with new techniquesmade his total output quite small.Although not a prolific(多產(chǎn)的)painter, Leonardo was a mostproductive draftsman, keeping journals full of sketches, drawings, and diagrams.These notebooks, often referred to as da Vinci's manuscripts, recorded his inventions, observations, and theories about everything that captured his attention.Leonard's genius made him a pioneer in almost every field of study he undertook.His paintings, together with his notebooks, havecontributed significantly to the history of art.Keys：萊奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇是意大利文藝復(fù)興時期最偉大的思想家之一，也許也是迄今最多才多藝的人。他是畫家、雕刻家、建筑家、數(shù)學(xué)家、工程師和發(fā)明家，因成就廣泛而聞名。他的天賦跨越多個領(lǐng)域，為其贏得了“文藝復(fù)興大師的稱號”。萊奧納多主要作為畫家而著名。在其所有作品中，《蒙娜麗莎》最為有名，而《最后的晚餐》則是歷來復(fù)制最多的宗教畫作。萊奧納多作品的獨特之處主要在于其創(chuàng)新性的技巧和敏銳的科學(xué)思維。他的畫作大約只有15幅流傳了下來，其部分原因是他不斷試驗新的技巧，所以作品總量很小。萊奧納多雖然不是多產(chǎn)畫家，卻是一位最高產(chǎn)的繪圖家，他在日記中畫滿了各種草圖、圖畫和圖表。這此筆記通常被稱為達(dá).芬奇手稿，記錄了他的各種發(fā)明、觀察，以及他對自己感興趣的事物提出的理論。萊奧納多的天賦使他幾乎在涉足的每一領(lǐng)域都成了先驅(qū)。他的畫作，連同他的筆記，在藝術(shù)史上貢獻(xiàn)斐然。

漢譯英原文：水墨畫（ink and wash painting）是中國獨具特色的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式之一，是中國國畫的代表。它大約始于唐代，興盛于宋代和元代，距今已有一千多年的歷史，其間經(jīng)歷了不斷的發(fā)展、提高和完善。水墨畫的創(chuàng)作工具和材料是具有濃厚中國特色的毛筆、宣紙和墨，其作品特點也與此緊密相關(guān)。例如，水和墨相互調(diào)和，使作品具有干濕濃淡的層次。水墨和宣紙的交融滲透也使畫作善于表現(xiàn)豐富的意象，從而達(dá)到獨特的審美效果。水墨畫在中國繪畫史上具有很高的地位，甚至被認(rèn)為是衡量東方繪畫藝術(shù)水平的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Keys：Ink and wash painting, one of the unique traditional art forms of China, is representative of Chinese painting.It began around the time of the Tang Dynasty, and then prospered in the Song and Yuan dynasties.With a history of over one thousand years, it has experienced constant development, improvement and perfection.The tools and materials used to create ink and wash painting, i.e, brushes, rice paper, and ink, are characteristic of Chinese culture and closely related to the features of the paintings.For example, the mixing of water and ink creates different shades of dryness, wetness, thickness and thinness.The integration and infiltration of water, ink, and rice paper enables such paintings to convey rich images, and hence to achieve unique aesthetic effects.Ink and wash painting holds a high status in the history of Chinese painting, and it is even regarded as the criterion to evaluate the artistic level of Oriental paintings.Unit 4 英譯中原文：Venice is the world's famous island city in northern Italy.Founded in the 5th century, Venice became a major maritime power in the 10th century.In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Venice was a major center for commerce and trade, and became an extremely wealthy European city, a leader in political and economic affairs.After several hundred years in power, Venice began to decline in the 15th century.Nowadays, it is regarded as one of the world's most beautiful cities and one of the most important tourist destinations in the world.Venice has a rich and diverse architectural style, the most famous of which is the Gothic style.Venice is also known for several important artistic movements in history, especially the Renaissance period.The influence of Venice on the development of architecture and arts has been considerable.Today, it is still playing an important role in contemporary arts and popular cultures.In 1987, Venice was listed as a World Heritage Site.In March 1980, Venice became a sister city of China's Suzhou City.Keys：威尼斯是意大利北部一座世界聞名的島城。威尼斯建立于公元5世紀(jì)，在公元10世紀(jì)時成為一支重要的海上力量。在中世紀(jì)和文藝復(fù)興時期，威尼斯曾是重要的商貿(mào)中心，是當(dāng)時歐洲極為富裕的城市，在政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)中居領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。幾百年的興盛之后，威尼斯在15世紀(jì)開始衰落。如今，威尼斯被公認(rèn)為是全世界最美的城市之一，也是全世界最重要的旅游勝地之一。威尼斯的建筑風(fēng)格豐富多樣，其中最出名的是哥特式風(fēng)格。威尼斯還因歷史上的幾次重要的藝術(shù)運動而聞名，特別是文藝復(fù)興時期。威尼斯對建筑和藝術(shù)的發(fā)展影響巨大。至今，威尼斯仍對現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)和流行文化的發(fā)展起著重要作用。1987年，威尼斯被列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。1980年3月，威尼斯與中國蘇州結(jié)為“友好城市”。

漢譯英原文：麗江地處云南省西北部，境內(nèi)多山。麗江古城坐落在玉龍雪山腳下，是一座風(fēng)景秀麗的歷史文化名城，也是我國保存完好的少數(shù)民族古城之一。麗江古城始建于南宋，距今約有800年的歷史。麗江不僅歷史悠久，而且民族眾多，少數(shù)民族人口占全區(qū)人口的半數(shù)以上。隨著麗江旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展，到麗江古城觀光游覽的中外游客日益增多。1997年12月，麗江古城申報世界文化遺產(chǎn)獲得成功，填補了中國在世界文化遺產(chǎn)中無歷史文化名城的空白。Keys：Lijiang is a mountainous city in northwest Yunnan Province.The old town ofLijiang, located at the foot of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, is a town of scenic beauty and known for its history and culture.It’s also a well-preserved old town with features of ethnic minorities.The construction work of the old town was started from the Southern Song Dynasty about 800 years from now.Not only does Lijiang boast a long history, but also it boasts many ethnic minorities who make up over a half of the total population in the region.With the booming of Lijiang tourism, the old town of Lijiang is receiving a growing number of tourists from home and abroad.In December 1997, the old town succeeded in applying to be named a World Cultural Heritage Site, filling the gap of lacking a noted historical and cultural city in China on the World Cultural Heritage List.Unit 5 英譯中原文：The English ceremony of afternoon tea dates back to the 1840s.The tradition evolved out of the rituals and routines that surrounded tea drinking in Britain before that time.Tea was first introduced to England in the late 1650s, but for a long time, it was only consumed by the royal family and the aristocracy due to its high cost.The habit of having afternoon tea did not become established until almost 200 years later.In those days, the British ate only two daily meals:a large breakfast late in the morning and a late dinner around 8 o'clock in the evening.Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford, can be credited for creating the tradition of afternoon tea to soothe hunger pangs before supper.She invited friends to join her for an additional afternoon meal at four to five o'clock.The menu included tea and snacks such as dainty cakes and sandwiches.Fine porcelain(瓷器)was used to serve this minor feast.Afternoon tea soon became popular, and is now a symbol of the elegant British way of life.As novelist Henry James wrote, “There are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.Keys：英式下午茶的儀式可以迫溯到19世紀(jì)40年代，該傳統(tǒng)是由之前英國的茶飲儀式和習(xí)慣發(fā)展而來的。茶最初在17世紀(jì)50年代晚期被引入英國，但由于價格昂貴，所以很長一段時間里，只有皇家和貴族才能享用。直到將近200多年之后，英國人才養(yǎng)成吃下午茶的習(xí)慣。在當(dāng)時，英國人一日兩餐: 快接近中午時分的豐盛早餐和晚上八點左右的晚餐。據(jù)說第七代貝德福德公爵夫人安娜開創(chuàng)了下午茶的傳統(tǒng)，以此來緩解晚餐前的饑餓感。她邀請朋友和她一起在下午四五點鐘吃下午茶。下午茶中包括茶和一些點心，比如精致的蛋糕及三明治。這些小巧的美食用精美的瓷器盛裝。下午茶很快就流行開來，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為優(yōu)雅英國生活方式的一個象征。正如小說家亨利詹姆斯寫道的那樣:“人生鮮有比全心全意享用下午茶這一儀式更愜意的時刻了。”

漢譯英原文：中國是茶的故鄉(xiāng)，也是茶文化的發(fā)源地。自古以來，茶就被譽為中華民族的“國飲”。無論是文人墨客生活中的“琴棋書畫詩酒茶”，還是平民百姓生活中的“柴米油鹽醬醋茶”，茶都是必備品。同時，中國又是文明古國，禮儀之邦。凡是來了客人或朋友，沏茶、敬茶的禮儀必不可少。隨著中外文化交流和商業(yè)貿(mào)易的發(fā)展，中國茶及茶文化傳向了全世界。現(xiàn)在五大洲有不少國家種茶，也有很多國家從中國進(jìn)口茶。中國茶和中國的絲綢及瓷器一樣，已經(jīng)成為中國在全世界的代名詞。

Keys：China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture.Since ancient times, tea has been known as the ”national drink“ of China.In both the Chinese scholars' even daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common people's seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea.Tea is listed as one of the necessities.Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy.The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends.With the development of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China and other countries, Chinese tea and teacultural spread to the world.Today, a number of countries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import tea from China.Chinese tea like Chinese silk and Chinaware, has become synonymous with China in the world.Unit 6 英譯中原文：Homer’s epics are said to be written by an ancient Greek blind poet Homer，who is revered as the greatest of ancient Greek epic poets.The epics include two great works of Greek history: the Iliad and the Odyssey.The two epics are the earliest works of Greek literature, and are among the greatest treasures of the ancient world, regarded by Westerners as the greatest epics in history.They have had an enormous influence on the history of literature and are of great value for the study of history, geography, archeology and folklore.Both the epics are divided into 24 volumes, the Iliad containing 15, 693 lines and the Odyssey 12, 11 lines.The Iliad is the oldest surviving work of Greek literature, which tells the story of the 10-year siege of the city of Troy.The Odyssey mainly centers on the Greek hero Odysseus and his journey home after the fall of Troy.Given the concise language, vivid plots and characters, Homer’s epics are great masterpieces of literature and occupy an important position in the world literature history.Keys：《荷馬史詩》據(jù)傳是由古希臘盲詩人荷馬創(chuàng)作，他被推崇為古希臘最偉大的史詩詩人。《荷馬史詩》由反映希臘歷史的兩部巨著《伊利亞特》和《奧德賽》組成，是希臘文學(xué)最早的著作，也是古代世界最偉大的瑰寶之一，被西方人認(rèn)為是歷史上最偉大的史詩。這兩部史詩對文學(xué)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大影響，并對研究歷史、地理、考古以及民俗具有重大的價值。兩部史詩都分為24卷，《伊利亞特》有15,693行，《奧德賽》有12,110行。《伊利亞特》是現(xiàn)存希臘文學(xué)中最早的著作，講述的是特洛伊十年圍城的故事。《奧德賽》則主要講述希臘英雄奧德修斯以及他在特洛伊陷落之后回家途中發(fā)生的故事。《荷馬史詩》以其精煉的語言、生動的情節(jié)和人物形象被認(rèn)為是偉大的文學(xué)杰作，在世界文學(xué)史上享有重要地位。

漢譯英原文：《孫子兵法》（The Art of War）是我國古代著名的軍事家（strategist）孫武的著作。它既是一部經(jīng)典的軍事著作，又是一部光輝的哲學(xué)著作，是我國燦爛的古代文化中一份珍貴的遺產(chǎn)。孫武在書中揭示了一系列具有普遍意義的軍事規(guī)律，提出了一套完整的軍事理論體系。這一理論體系不僅深受戰(zhàn)國以來歷代軍事家的重視和推崇，對他們的軍事思想和實踐產(chǎn)生了重要的影響，而且在世界軍事思想領(lǐng)域也擁有廣泛的影響，享有極高的聲譽。Keys：The Art of War was written by Sun Wu, a famous ancient Chinese strategist.A classic work not only of military value but also of great philosophical significance, The Art of War is a precious heritage of brilliant ancient Chinese culture.Sun Wu disclosed in his book a series of military rules and principles, and put forward a complete system of military theory.His theory has been highly regarded by strategists since the Warring States Period and exerted strong impacts on their thought and practice.Moreover it has yielded a worldwide influence in the field of military thought, enjoying extremely high prestige.Unit 7 英譯中原文：The WTO, established on January 1,1995, intends to supervise and liberalize international trade.The organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries it provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements, and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participant's adherence(遵守)to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments and ratified(批準(zhǔn))by their parliaments.The process of becoming a WTO member is unique to each applicant country,and the terms of accession are dependent upon the country's stage of economic development and current trade regime(體制)。China became a member of the WTO on December 11，2001.The admissionof China to the WTO was preceded by a lengthy process of negotiations and required significant changes to the Chinese economy.It also meant a deeper integration of China into the world economy.The admission of China to the WTO was an enormous multilateral(多邊的)achievement which marked a clear commitment toward multilateralism from the Chinese perspective.Keys：世界貿(mào)易組織成立于1995 年1月1日，旨在監(jiān)督和促進(jìn)國際貿(mào)易自由化。該組織負(fù)責(zé)對成員國之間的貿(mào)易進(jìn)行調(diào)控，為貿(mào)易協(xié)定的談判和形成制定框架，并提供爭端解決機制以敦促成員國遵守世貿(mào)協(xié)定，而這些協(xié)定皆為各成員國政府的代表所簽署且獲得其立法機構(gòu)的批準(zhǔn)。每一個申請國加入世貿(mào)組織的過程各不相同，加入條件取決于該國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的階段和現(xiàn)行貿(mào)易體制。中國在2001年12 月11日成為世貿(mào)組織成員國，是在經(jīng)歷了漫長的談判，并按照要求對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)作出重大改變之后才得以加入的,這也意味著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)能更深入地融入到世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中。中國加入世貿(mào)組織是一項巨大的多邊成果，而對中國而言，這也標(biāo)志著其致力于多邊貿(mào)易的明確承諾。

漢譯英原文：上海自貿(mào)區(qū)（Shanghai Free Trade Zone）是中國政府于2013年設(shè)立在上海的自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。上海自貿(mào)區(qū)總面積為28.78平方公里，是中國大陸境內(nèi)第一個自由貿(mào)易區(qū)，也是進(jìn)行一系列經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的“試驗田”（testing ground）。設(shè)立上海自貿(mào)區(qū)是順應(yīng)全球經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展新趨勢，實行更加積極主動開放戰(zhàn)略的一項重大舉措。其主要任務(wù)是為全面深化改革開放探索新路徑、積累新經(jīng)驗。上海自貿(mào)區(qū)作為試點（pilot project），是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的“試金石”（touchstone），將為深化改革、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)活力起到積極的推動作用。

Keys：Shanghai Free Trade Zone is a free trade zone in Shanghai that was launched in 2013 by the Chinese government.Covering an area of 28.78 square kilometers, Shanghai Free Trade Zone is the first of its kind in China' S mainland, and is regarded as a ”testing ground“ for a number of economic reforms.The establishment of the free trade zone is a significant measure taken to actively promote the opening-up strategy under the new global economic and trade situation.It undertakes a major task to explore new ways and accumulate new experience for the deepening of reform and opening up in an all-round way.As a pilot project, Shanghai Free Trade Zone will become a”touchstone" for Chinese economy.It will play an active role in deepening reforms and boosting economic vigor.Unit 8 英譯中原文：The New Year's Concert of the ViennaPhilharmonic(愛樂樂團(tuán))is a concert ofclassicalmusicthat takes place each year inthe morning of New Year's Day in Vienna,Austria.The music always includes piecesfrom the Strauss family-with occasionaladditional music from other main Austriancomposers.The demand for tickets is sohigh that people have to pre-register oneyearin advance in order to participate inthe drawing of tickets for the followingyear.The popularity of the concerts canbe attributed to the creative energy of thecompositions of the Strauss Dynasty,aswellas their authoritative interpretations.Theseconcerts not only delight the audiences in theMusikverein(金色大廳)in Vienna,butalsoenjoy great international popularity throughthe worldwide television broadcast,whichnow reaches over 90 countries.Originatingduring the darkest chapter in Austria'shistory,these concerts convey the desire of thePhilharmonic not only to provide musicallydefinitive interpretations of the masterworksof this genre,but at the same time,asmusicalambassadors of Austria,to send people allover the world a New Year' greeting in thespirit of hope,friendship and peace.Keys：維也納愛樂樂團(tuán)新年音樂會是古典音樂會，每年元旦上午在奧地利維也納舉行。音樂會通常會選取施特勞斯家族的作品，偶爾也會選取來自奧地利的其他知名作曲家的音樂。新年音樂會的門票一票難求，人們必須提前一年注冊，才能參與下一年門票的抽簽。新年音樂會大受歡迎，這不僅歸功于施特勞斯家族作品的創(chuàng)新力，還要歸功于其對音樂的權(quán)威詮釋。音樂會給維也納金色大廳中的聽眾帶來了愉悅，在全世界也廣受喜愛，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有90多個國家可以通過電視轉(zhuǎn)播收看。維也納新年音樂會始于奧地利歷史上最黑暗的時期，它表達(dá)了愛樂樂團(tuán)對古典音樂經(jīng)典作品進(jìn)行詮釋的渴望，同時，本著希望、友誼以及和平的精神，樂團(tuán)也希望音樂會能成為奧地利的音樂使者，為全球送去新年祝福。

漢譯英原文：中央電視臺春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會（簡稱“春晚”）自1983年開辦以來，已成為中國人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消費品和一個揮之不去的文化符號。雖然眾口難調(diào)，但必須承認(rèn)的是，“春晚”已成為公眾所不可缺少的“新民俗”。春晚不僅是一臺晚會，更是一種儀式與象征，一種文化與標(biāo)簽，一種情感與寄托。隨著時代發(fā)展及新媒體的出現(xiàn)，觀眾的選擇和需求日漸多樣化，“春晚”也在與時俱進(jìn)，以滿足大眾日益增長的文化需求。

Keys：The CCTV Spring Festival Gala(Spring Festival Gala for short), which was started in 1983, has becomean indispensable cultural consumer product and a cultural symbol in the cultural life of the Chinese people.Though it’s hard to satisfy the tastes of all the people, it has to be admitted that the Spring Festival Gala has become a “new custom” for the public that they can’t live without.The Spring Festival Gala is more than a gala;it is a ritual and a symbol, a culture and a label, and an emotion and a place where people entrust their hearts to.With the development of the times and the emerging of new media, the audiences are having more diversified choices and demands.Correspondingly, the Spring Festival Gala is also advancing with the time to satisfy thegrowing cultural needs of the people.

第五篇：新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第三版1課文翻譯

Unit1 奔向更加光明的未來 下午好！作為校長，我非常自豪地歡迎你們來到這所大學(xué)。你們所取得的成就是你們自己多年努力的結(jié)果，也是你們的父母和老師們多年努力的結(jié)果。在這所大學(xué)里，我們承諾將使你們學(xué)有所成。在歡迎你們到來的這一刻，我想起自己高中畢業(yè)時的情景，還有媽媽為我和爸爸拍的合影。媽媽吩咐我們：“姿勢自然點。” “等一等,”爸爸說，“把我遞給他鬧鐘的情景拍下來。” 在大學(xué)期間，那個鬧鐘每天早晨叫醒我。至今它還放在我辦公室的桌子上。讓我來告訴你們,一些你們未必預(yù)料得到的事情。你們將會懷念以前的生活習(xí)慣，懷念父母曾經(jīng)提醒你們要刻苦學(xué)習(xí)、取得佳績。你們可能因為高中生活終于結(jié)束而喜極而泣，你們的父母也可能因為終于不用再給你們洗衣服而喜極而泣！但是要記住：未來是建立在過去扎實的基礎(chǔ)上的。對你們而言，接下來的四年將會是無與倫比的一段時光。在這里，你們擁有豐富的資源：有來自全國各地的有趣的學(xué)生，有學(xué)識淵博又充滿愛心的老師，有綜合性圖書館，有完備的運動設(shè)施，還有針對不同興趣的學(xué)生社團(tuán)——從文科社團(tuán)到理科社團(tuán)、到社區(qū)服務(wù)等等。你們將自由地探索、學(xué)習(xí)新科目。你們要學(xué)著習(xí)慣點燈熬油，學(xué)著結(jié)交充滿魅力的人，學(xué)著去追求新的愛好。我想鼓勵你們充分利用這一特殊的經(jīng)歷，并用你們的干勁和熱情去收獲這一機會所帶來的豐碩成果。有這么多課程可供選擇，你可能會不知所措。你不可能選修所有的課程，但是要盡可能體驗更多的課程！大學(xué)里有很多事情可做可學(xué)，每件事情都會為你提供不同視角來審視世界。如果我只能給你們一條選課建議的話，那就是：挑戰(zhàn)自己！不要認(rèn)為你早就了解自己對什么樣的領(lǐng)域最感興趣。選擇一些你從未接觸過的領(lǐng)域的課程。這樣，你不僅會變得更加博學(xué)，而且更有可能發(fā)現(xiàn)一個你未曾想到的、能成就你未來的愛好。一個絕佳的例子就是時裝設(shè)計師王薇薇，她最初學(xué)的是藝術(shù)史。隨著時間的推移，王薇薇把藝術(shù)史研究和對時裝的熱愛結(jié)合起來，并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為對設(shè)計的熱情，從而使她成為全球聞名的設(shè)計師。6 在大學(xué)里，一下子擁有這么多新鮮體驗可能不會總是令人愉快的。在你的宿舍樓里，住在你隔壁寢室的同學(xué)可能會反復(fù)播放同一首歌，令你頭痛欲裂！你可能喜歡早起，而你的室友卻是個夜貓子！盡管如此，你和你的室友仍然可能成為最要好的朋友。如果有些新的經(jīng)歷讓你感覺不那么舒心，不要擔(dān)心。我保證快樂的經(jīng)歷會多于不快的經(jīng)歷。而且我保證幾乎所有這些經(jīng)歷都會給你帶來寶貴的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，從而使你的生活更加豐富多彩。所以，帶著熱切的目光和歡樂的心情，勇敢向前去擁抱這些新的體驗吧！我們相信，你們的自我發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅和對愛好的尋求帶給你們的將不僅僅是個人的進(jìn)步。我們相信，當(dāng)你們成為我們的學(xué)者群體中的一員時，你們很快就會認(rèn)識到，大學(xué)不僅提供大量自我充實的機會，同時也帶來了責(zé)任。一位智者說過：“教育代代相傳，它就是社會的靈魂。”你們是你們家庭辛勤勞動成果的傳承者，也是無數(shù)前輩辛勤勞動成果的傳承者。他們積累了知識，并把知識傳遞給你們，而這些知識正是你們?nèi)〉贸晒λ匦璧摹，F(xiàn)在輪到你們了。你們會獲取什么樣的知識？ 你們會發(fā)現(xiàn)什么樣的興趣愛好？ 你們怎樣做才能為你們的子孫后代創(chuàng)造一個強大昌盛的未來？ 我們很高興能為你們?nèi)松猛局?這一重大階段 開啟大門。我們很高興你們將獲得許多機會，也很高興你們將作為社區(qū)、國家乃至世界的公民 承擔(dān)起應(yīng)有的責(zé)任。歡迎你們！

UNIT2 兒時百寶箱 老大歸家夢 我看著她在車道上倒著她的新卡車。車太大，而且太貴。她就是不愿意考慮買輛開起來省油、停起來省心的實用型汽車。我想，原因在我。她買這輛車就是為了讓我看看她的能耐。“我18歲了，”她經(jīng)常這樣對我說，以至于聽得我牙都疼了。“我是成年人了！”我心想,真的嗎？ 昨天你還在看動畫片呢。今天和昨天又能有多大的變化？ 今天她走了，遠(yuǎn)離我去尋求成年人的獨立。我很高興她離開了。這意味著她成功了，而我也終于可以從18年的責(zé)任中脫身了。但是我還是擔(dān)心她能不能照顧好自己。她留下的是一片狼藉。她的衛(wèi)生間真是凌亂不堪，有沒擰干的毛巾，有生銹的剃刀片，散落在面盆里的頭發(fā)，還有幾支快擠空了的牙膏。我拿了一盒大號的黑色垃圾袋上了樓。眼影、面霜、指甲油——這些統(tǒng)統(tǒng)扔進(jìn)垃圾袋。我把抽屜清空，把架子打掃干凈，還把面盆擦洗干凈。我打掃完后，衛(wèi)生間就像酒店里的那樣井井有條，絲毫沒有人情味兒。在她的臥室里，我發(fā)現(xiàn)床下有不配對的襪子，壁櫥底板上扔著紫色的褲子。書桌的抽屜里滿是學(xué)校的卷子，按照年份和科目歸了類。我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己竟然在翻看她的詩歌和作文，欣賞著考卷上的高分，端詳著每張考卷右上角她用印刷體工工整整書寫的或是打印的她的名字。我把書桌里的東西收拾到一個盒子里。六個月，我心想。如果過了六個月她還不來拿她的東西，我就會把它們一股腦兒全扔了。這算講道理了吧。成年人存放東西是要付費的。輪到整理書的時候，我有些猶豫了。連環(huán)漫畫冊、青少年小說、言情小說、歷史小說，還有課本。閱讀是一輩子的事；每本書都是心愛之物。原本我想現(xiàn)實一點，把這些書塞進(jìn)紙袋，然后送到舊書店。但是我跟女兒一樣愛書如命，于是我把她的這些書歸置到（stack sth.Onto4）一個單獨的書架上，等日后再作處理。接下來，我著手整理（go for）她的衣服。那些她從七年級起就不再穿的裙子、毛衣和鞋子都被裝進(jìn)了垃圾袋。就像蝗蟲洗劫一樣，我清空了壁櫥。理出高高的、亂蓬蓬的兩大堆東西：一堆捐給慈善機構(gòu)，另一堆扔掉(trash)。可是還有更多的鞋子、填充動物玩具、大大小小的招貼畫、發(fā)箍和粉紅色的卷發(fā)夾。

我越理，要理的東西就越多。一個小姑娘怎么能在短短的18年里 收集了這么多東西？我把東西往垃圾袋里塞，直到塑料袋快要被撐破了。我把垃圾袋拽(haul)下樓梯，一次拽兩個。要捐給慈善機構(gòu)的都放在我汽車的后備箱里；要扔掉的都放在路邊。我弄得渾身是汗(sweat)，肩膀酸痛(sore shoulders)。她把臥室弄得亂到匪夷所思(a ridiculous mess)的地步，蓋被(comforter)掉在地板上，床單掀到一邊(the sheets tossed aside)。我把床罩、毯子、床單和枕套都拆了下來(strip off)。等到她開始投幣洗衣的那一天，她就會感激我這些年來為她無償提供的干凈衣服了。

（*comforter：蓋被、床罩；

blanket：毯子； sheets：床單；

pillows：枕套）我打算把她的房間改作（turn into）手工室，或者改成（create）一間我一直想要的漂亮客房。我把床翻了個個兒（turn…over），只見一個棕色的大信封，上面寫著“不要扔掉”。我打開一看，又是紙。我把信封里的東西都倒在地板上。其中有家里的老照片、書信、賀卡、我們寫給她的愛心留言，還有從報紙和雜志上剪下的漫畫。信封中的每一樣?xùn)|西都是我們親手給她的。我們以前給她的東西都在這里了。剎那間，我心潮起伏。

14“不要扔掉”。我的孩子——我那愛收集小玩意兒的收藏迷——對我太了解了。我一邊翻看著卡片和留言，一邊想：也許她買那輛卡車也不算什么太糟糕的主意。也許這能讓置身于大千世界中的她 不至于感到太渺小。16 我改變了主意，把垃圾袋從車?yán)锖吐愤呌帜昧嘶貋怼Ｒ路托臃呕乇跈弧Ｖ匦落伜么玻俣焉咸畛鋭游锿婢摺Ｎ艺煞蚧丶伊耍瑢χ鴺巧虾拔摇！拔野逊块g稍微整理一下，”我告訴他。“你能找些盒子來裝她的東西嗎？” 18 他從地下室拿上來幾個盒子。

19“她弄得真亂啊，”他說。

20“我不介意，”我回答。沉默。然后他輕輕地說道：“她不會回來了。” 他傷感的語氣讓我喉頭一緊。我努力克制，不讓眼淚流下來。我的小寶貝兒，那個什么都讓我操心的孩子，不再回來了。但是有一天，我的女兒，那位獨立的女士，會回來的。家里有她童年的紀(jì)念品在等著她。我們也在等著她，張開雙臂等她回來。

Unit3互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代的大學(xué)生活 大學(xué)校園 長久以來都是學(xué)術(shù)之地，也是新技術(shù)的前沿(frontiers of new technology)。現(xiàn)在隨著手提電腦和智能手機的大量出現(xiàn)，加上每天24小時不間斷的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，大學(xué)校園正在轉(zhuǎn)而進(jìn)入電子設(shè)備(electronics)的新時代。在典型的現(xiàn)代校園(a typical modern-day campus)里，每幢建筑和大部分室外公共(common)區(qū)域都提供無線互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入, 學(xué)生可以把手提電腦帶到任何地方。課堂上，她用手提電腦記筆記，有時如果教授的課一點都沒意思，她就會給朋友發(fā)送即時信息或電子郵件。在寢室，她甚至?xí)o近在咫尺的室友發(fā)送即時信息。她離不開（is tied to）智能手機，甚至對住在樓上的朋友也要發(fā)短信；在從上一堂課去下一堂課的路上她也要用智能手機聽音樂。3 歡迎來體驗21世紀(jì)的大學(xué)生活：通過源源不斷的信息流(an ever-flowing river of information and communication.)，學(xué)生之間、師生之間以及學(xué)生和課堂作業(yè)之間建立了電子化的聯(lián)系(be electronically linked to each other)，一天24小時，一周7天，從不間斷。在許多學(xué)校，無線互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接覆蓋了校園的各個角落，大學(xué)整體上（as a group）也因此成為世界上互聯(lián)網(wǎng)最普及的地方。學(xué)生們說他們非常看重動動手指就可獲得無限的網(wǎng)上信息(boundless amount of information online)，還可以在凌晨兩點給教授發(fā)電子郵件，并能在第二天早上收到教授的回復(fù)(receive responses)。一位工程專業(yè)的學(xué)生說：“我覺得無論在課內(nèi)還是在課外，我都擁有一種交流手段。”

*Bound：有義務(wù)的，受約束的；限制，范圍 很多學(xué)生不僅使用智能手機自創(chuàng)語體(create their own dialects)發(fā)短信，而且也用智能手機來做更正經(jīng)的工作，比如練習(xí)外語、分析戲劇課的腳本等。在一所大學(xué)的有關(guān)美國廣播電臺歷史的課上，學(xué)生們用智能手機錄下他們自己的廣播節(jié)目。教授這門課的教師說：“這提高了學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)這門課的興奮感。” 學(xué)校也鼓勵教授錄下(tape)授課內(nèi)容并發(fā)布(post)到網(wǎng)上。一位一流大學(xué)的主管說：“我們意識到，像這樣一種能夠引起學(xué)生關(guān)注(get attention)、并促使他們深入思考(encourage sophisticated thinking)的工具 也許大有潛力。” 對于大多數(shù)本科生來說，永不間斷的（non-stop）互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是大學(xué)生活的動力(the fuel of college life)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具不只是玩具，而且是儲存和管理幾乎各種信息的強大工具。隨著世界上越來越多的人使用這些工具，它們已經(jīng)變得不可或缺。所以，學(xué)生應(yīng)該運用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)所創(chuàng)造的奇跡（the wonders of Internet）來完成作業(yè)、復(fù)習(xí)講座提綱（review lecture outlines）、參與課堂討論、與朋友們進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上社交（network online with their friends）。但是在做這些的同時（but in doing so），學(xué)生們必須記住，要控制和平衡好時間。上網(wǎng)時間過長 就意味著 在現(xiàn)實生活中 學(xué)習(xí)、鍛煉或和朋友敘談的時間過少。學(xué)生們不應(yīng)該讓電腦屏幕上的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)世界（the Internet world on their computer screens）使他們脫離外面的現(xiàn)實世界(take them away from the real world outside)。7 大學(xué)在20世紀(jì)90年代中期迎來互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，那時許多大學(xué)開始給學(xué)生寢室接入高速網(wǎng)絡(luò)(wire dorms with high-speed connections)。在過去的幾年中，學(xué)校率先把校園變成了被無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋的世界（bubbles of WiFi networks）。事實上，美國最近的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，信息技術(shù)的投入占高校預(yù)算的5%-8%，比20世紀(jì)80年代中期 約2%-3%的投入有所增加。有一所大學(xué)里，學(xué)生用無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)送即時信息、復(fù)習(xí)家庭作業(yè)(homework assignments)以及查看銀行賬戶余額(check their bank balances)。而就在沿公路往前九英里處，另一所大學(xué)一直有種技術(shù)不如別人的自卑感。為了彌補（compensate）這一點，該大學(xué)花了數(shù)萬美元給每一名入學(xué)新生免費贈送了一臺蘋果iPad。有些大學(xué)甚至要求所有學(xué)生擁有或租用一臺手提電腦。有人說注重(focus on)技術(shù) 可以使學(xué)生作好準(zhǔn)備面對被網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的世界。一位大學(xué)校長指出(states):“你必須與世界保持同步，學(xué)生們期望通過高帶寬(high-bandwidth)獲取信息。如果你不能提供(deliver)，你就會在競爭中處于劣勢（at a competitive disadvantage）。” 其他大學(xué)正努力(are straining to)從同行當(dāng)中脫穎而出。大學(xué)之間用最現(xiàn)代的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和最熱門的系統(tǒng)來吸引學(xué)生的競爭已經(jīng)達(dá)到狂熱的地步(reach fever pitch)。一些商科專業(yè)的學(xué)生可以領(lǐng)到免費的便攜式電腦。在永久在線模式(a always-connected mode)下，他們可以根據(jù)需要隨時隨地獲取信息。一所大學(xué)甚至為新生配備了智能手機，以豐富其大學(xué)經(jīng)歷，為他們在一個日新月異的世界（a rapidly changing world）上取得成功作好準(zhǔn)備。大學(xué)還為那些不喜歡隨身攜帶手提電腦的學(xué)生提供了若干個機房(computer lab)。而且，許多大學(xué)為那些熬夜學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生開設(shè)了24小時電腦維修店，電腦第二天就可以修好，而且在電腦送修期間，學(xué)生可以使用維修點提供的代用電腦。12 在過去10年里，世界各地的大學(xué)都在更換其計算機系統(tǒng)，主要是為了給學(xué)生提供最先進(jìn)的免費系統(tǒng)。隨時隨地的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接(the anywhere-anytime access)使教育深受裨益(has already yielded amazing benefits in education)。隨著計算機技術(shù)的廣泛應(yīng)用(with the widespread application of computer technologies)，我們將培養(yǎng)出(produce)善于解決問題和善于思考的一代人（a generation of…），這對于世界的未來是至關(guān)重要的(which is indispensible for..)。

Unit 4 我們身邊的英雄 Who's a hero these days? In an era of heightened heroism, the wordhero has become more common.We use hero to describe both victimsand survivors of all kinds of difficulties and tragedies.Who are the heroes among us? 1 誰是當(dāng)今的英雄？ 在一個英雄主義發(fā)揚光大的時代，“英雄”一詞已經(jīng)變得更加常見。我們把各種困難和悲劇的受害者和幸存者都稱為“英雄”。那么，我們身邊哪些人是英雄呢？In the days subsequent to a mass shooting in Tucson, Arizona, many described 20-year old political associate Daniel Hernandez as a hero.During the horrible shooting, he courageously ran through the danger to save the life of one of the victims, his boss and friend, congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords.Daniel held her head up so she could breathe and applied pressure to her wounds.He spoke tender words of sympathy, telling her that he would find her husband and her parents and that everything would be fine.And he never left her side, staying beside her in the ambulance all the way to the hospital.2 在亞利桑那州圖森市槍擊案發(fā)生后的日子里，許多人都把20歲的政界同事丹尼爾?赫爾南德茲描述為英雄。在駭人的槍擊案發(fā)生時，他勇敢地冒著危險courageously ran through the danger，去救助受害者、也是他的上司和朋友的加布里埃爾?吉福德議員。丹尼爾把她的頭托高，便于她呼吸，用力摁住她的傷口。他用溫柔體貼的話語安慰她，告訴她他會把她的丈夫和父母找來，告訴她一切都會好的。而且，他一直守護(hù)在她身邊，在去醫(yī)院的路上，他也一直在救護(hù)車?yán)锱惆樵谒砼浴nother hero from the mass shooting in Tucson was Dory Stoddard.Dory gave his life for his wife, Mavy.Dory and his wife had been friends since childhood and when Dory heard shots ring out he immediately fell on top of his wife to shield her from the hail of bullets.At the memorial service, the priest said: “Dory didn't die a hero;he lived a hero.” Long known for his remarkable spirit and love of humanity, Dory Stoddard died as he had always lived, assisting others.3 圖森槍擊事件中的另一位英雄是多利?斯托達(dá)德。多利為保護(hù)妻子梅維獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命。多利和他的妻子自小青梅竹馬。一聽到槍聲，多利馬上撲在妻子身上fell on top of his wife 為她擋住掃射過來的子彈。在葬禮儀式memorial service上，牧師priest說道：“多利一生英雄，非死才為英雄。” 多利?斯托達(dá)德一直以來 以精神高尚remarkable spirits、富有愛心love of humanity而為大家所熟知，他至死 也同他生前一樣 在幫助他人。These are civilian heroes, who acted instinctively with courage and grace when caught up in extraordinary circumstances.這些都是平民英雄civilian heroes。他們在特別危急的情況下，本能地做出勇敢而高尚的舉動act insdinctively with courage and grace 5 But what about first responders, whose job is, in the words of the widow of a fallen police officer, to “rush toward danger”? 但是，那些應(yīng)急救援人員是否也算是英雄呢？用一位已故警官遺孀的話來說，他們的工作就是“迎著危險上”。In Toronto, Canada, downtown life stopped when more than 11,000 police and other emergency responders marched solemnly through the streets to honor Sergeant Ryan Russell, a 35-year-old “good man and good cop”, who believed deeply in his commitment to protect and serve.Sgt.Russell moved quickly to protect others from harm.He tried to stop a drunk driver in a stolen snowplow with only his policeautomobile and his goodwill to help others.Sadly, Sgt.Russell was unable to stop the drunk driver and was killed in the effort.*commitment（投入、奉獻(xiàn)、忠誠）to 6 在加拿大多倫多市，11,000多名 警察和其他應(yīng)急救援人員肅穆地在大街上游行，紀(jì)念一位具有高度保護(hù)和服務(wù)意識believe deeply in his commitment to protect and serve的“好男人和好警察”、35歲的瑞安?羅素警佐。當(dāng)時整個市中心的其他活動都停止了。羅素警佐 迅速采取行動，保護(hù)他人免受傷害。他僅憑著一輛警車和一顆幫助他人的善良的心good will to help others，試圖擋住一輛醉駕司機駕駛的偷來的掃雪車。不幸的是，他沒能攔住醉駕司機，不幸犧牲。It used to be that the word hero was reserved for those who performed acts of distinct courage beyond the call of duty.A soldier who runs through gunfire to rescue other military personnel is seen as a hero.So are larger-than-life leaders such as Nelson Mandela, who emerged after 27 years of jail, confined（監(jiān)禁；使局限于）in a solitary（單獨的；唯一的）chamber（室；大廳，會議室）.He made the choice not to be bitter, and worked hard as South Africa's first black president to establish harmony and helped society reconcile（調(diào)解；使和解）its conflicted past.7.在過去，“英雄”一詞僅限于稱呼 那些做出超乎職責(zé)范圍的 特別英勇的行為的人們。一位戰(zhàn)士冒著槍林彈雨去搶救其他戰(zhàn)友，他被看作英雄。同樣，超凡卓越的 具有傳奇色彩的 領(lǐng)袖人物也是英雄，比如納爾遜?曼德拉。被囚禁于單人牢房27年后，曼德拉終于擺脫了牢獄生活。他沒有抱怨，作為南非的第一位黑人總統(tǒng)，他努力奮斗，致力于創(chuàng)建和諧國家，促使社會化解以往的矛盾。But today, our heroes are average men and women, “everyday heroes” to whom we can relate, people like us.8 但是今天，我們的英雄是平凡的男男女女，他們是我們看得見、摸得著的“平民英雄”，是和我們一樣的普通人。However, while many people honor Sgt.Russell, some people raise this question when they try to make sense of a tragedy like Sgt.Russell's: “Some first responders do not succeed in helping others and they get injured or die in their efforts.Do these people become heroes because of what happens to them as they try to help others — instead of what they actually make happen?” 9 雖然很多人尊重羅素警佐，但有些人在試圖理解像羅素警佐這樣的悲劇時提出了一個問題：“有些應(yīng)急救援人員在幫助他人時沒能獲得成功，而自己卻受傷或犧牲了。這些人不是因為他們成功幫助了別人，而是因為他們在幫助別人時所遭遇的不幸才成為英雄的嗎？” 10． I asked road safety advocate Eleanor McMahon whether she thought Sgt.Russell was a hero.Ms.McMahon's late husband, a police officer, was killed by a drunk truck driver in a 2006 off-duty bicycling accident.Through grief and rage, Ms.McMahon founded Share the Road, a cycling association, and worked tirelessly until the government established “Greg's Law”, legislation that gave authority to police to immediately seize the automobiles of drunk drivers caught on the road.10 我問道路交通安全倡導(dǎo)者埃莉諾?麥克瑪農(nóng)，她是否認(rèn)為羅素警官是位英雄。麥克瑪農(nóng)女士的已故丈夫late husband曾是一名警官，2006年的一天，他未當(dāng)班，卻在騎車時因一名醉駕卡車司機肇事而喪生。在悲傷和憤怒中，麥克瑪農(nóng)女士創(chuàng)立了“道路共享單車聯(lián)合會”，一個自行車協(xié)會。她不懈地努力，直到政府頒布了格雷格法案，授予警察在路上一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)醉駕司機就當(dāng)場予以扣留seize車輛的權(quán)力。Give authority to police to 11 Ms.McMahon replied that she thought Sgt.Russell was indeed a hero.“Just imagine, in the middle of an intense snowstorm this policeman thinks: I've got to stop this snowplow before it hurts others.” Ms.McMahon summed up why she considered many police officers to be heroes: “It's natural to be afraid of danger.It's natural for that fear to cause most people to rush toward safety and away from danger.Heroes do just the opposite.They rush toward danger to help those in need.” *intense:程度上強烈的、劇烈的

*intensive：次數(shù)上密集的，高強度的 麥克瑪農(nóng)女士回答說，她認(rèn)為羅素警官確實是英雄。“想象一下，在狂風(fēng)暴雪中，這位警官想道：我必須擋住這輛掃雪車，不讓它傷及他人。” 麥克瑪農(nóng)女士概括了為什么她認(rèn)為許多警官都是英雄的原因：“害怕危險是正常的。大多數(shù)人因害怕危險而奔向安全處躲避危險，這也是正常的。而英雄則恰恰相反do just the opposite。他們迎著危險上，為的是幫助需要幫助的人。” We count on first responders to rush toward danger, especially when it involves us or those we love.We expect nothing less.So when one of them dies doing that, we should recognize the heroic action even though we may doubt our own capacity to be heroic ourselves.12 我們指望應(yīng)急救援人員沖向危險，尤其是當(dāng)我們或我們所愛的人身處險境時。這正是我們對應(yīng)急救援人員的期望。所以，當(dāng)他們中的一位因沖向危險而遭遇不幸時，我們應(yīng)認(rèn)可他們的英勇行為，哪怕我們可能懷疑自己是否具有這樣的勇氣。

13.The inspiring stories of heroes help remind us that ordinary people can do extraordinary things, whether it is in the fulfillment of their duties or as part of everyday life.We honor the fireman, the policeman, and the average citizen by recognizing their heroism.Perhaps, even more importantly, we honor them by working to change the circumstances that led to their death.By honoring them we can be inspired by them.Will we be heroes when circumstances call on us to act heroically? Hopefully, we will!.英雄們激勵人心的事跡 有助于提醒我們，平凡ordinary的人也可以做出不平凡的事，不管是履行職責(zé)，還是在日常生活中。我們向消防員、警察和普通平民致敬，贊揚其大無畏的精神。也許，甚至更為重要的是，我們要通過改變讓他們遭遇不幸的環(huán)境circumstances來向他們致敬。通過緬懷他們，我們可以從中得到鼓舞。一旦有情況召喚我們挺身而出when circumstances call on us to act heroically時，我們會當(dāng)英雄嗎？ 但愿我們會！

Unit6 打工還是不打工 要衡量工作經(jīng)歷對學(xué)生成就的影響有許多可靠的方法。在我們的研究中，我們采用了幾種方法。我們比較了打很多工的學(xué)生和打工時間有限或者根本不打工的學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)成績。我們也對比了打工學(xué)生和不打工學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)投入程度方面的不同指征5on deferent indicators of their commitment to education。另外，我們長期跟蹤學(xué)生followed students over time，了解他們在打工時間增加或減少時的表現(xiàn)。而且，我們還評估了不同的打工模式如何改變學(xué)習(xí)成績和學(xué)習(xí)參與度。我們把數(shù)據(jù)加以簡化和歸類，得出的結(jié)論很明確：學(xué)生打工付出的代價很大。在學(xué)年中花過多精力兼職打工，比如，一周打工20個小時或更長時間，會影響undermines和嚴(yán)重干擾significantly interferes with學(xué)習(xí)成績和學(xué)習(xí)投入程度。總的來說overall，我們的研究證明，每周打工超過20 個小時的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)成績不及班上其他同學(xué)。他們的分?jǐn)?shù)更低，花在作業(yè)上的時間更少，逃課更頻繁，作弊更常見。而且據(jù)反映，他們的學(xué)習(xí)投入程度較低，學(xué)習(xí)志向也不夠遠(yuǎn)大。3 但是，我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)了另外一種不同的模式。每周打工大約10個小時或更少的時間對學(xué)習(xí)成績似乎沒有持續(xù)的影響seemingly does not take a consistent toll on。不過，鑒于given一半的大四打工學(xué)生、約三分之一的大三打工學(xué)生以及約五分之一的大二打工學(xué)生的打工時間都超過20個小時的上限，由此表明indications are that，有很多學(xué)生面臨因打工而危及學(xué)業(yè)的風(fēng)險。a large number of students are at risk of compromising their school careers with their part-time job 4 雖說whereas一開始確實是學(xué)習(xí)興趣不大的學(xué)生更容易長時間地打工，但是打工看起來會讓他們原本勉強的學(xué)習(xí)狀況變得更糟。換言之，隨著時間的推移，學(xué)生打工時間越長，他們對學(xué)習(xí)的投入就越少。但是，當(dāng)學(xué)生退出打工隊伍或者減少打工時間后，結(jié)果也引人注目：他們對學(xué)習(xí)的興趣被重新激發(fā)起來。所以，這是個好消息，即打工對學(xué)習(xí)的負(fù)面影響并非是永久性的。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了打工對學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)參與度 產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響的很多種原因。首先，由于緊張的打工日程，打工的學(xué)生用來完成學(xué)校作業(yè)的時間就減少了。面臨這樣的時間壓力，打工學(xué)生一個普遍的應(yīng)付辦法就是偷懶，比如選擇較容易的課程、抄襲其他學(xué)生的作業(yè)、逃課或者不做老師布置的作業(yè)。時間一長，當(dāng)這些變成習(xí)以為常的做法以后，學(xué)生對學(xué)習(xí)的投入也就一點一點地減少。第二，為了每周能打工20個小時或更長時間，許多學(xué)生必須要在晚上工作。晚上工作不僅影響做作業(yè)，而且影響睡眠和飲食。研究表明，與不打工的學(xué)生相比，打工學(xué)生的休息時間更少，飲食也不夠健康。熬夜讓打工的青少年在學(xué)校時感覺更疲倦。老師們經(jīng)常抱怨打工學(xué)生在課堂上睡覺。在我們的調(diào)查中，將近三分之一的學(xué)生說，他們經(jīng)常因打工太累而不做作業(yè)。第三，掙到數(shù)量可觀的零花錢所帶來的興奮感似乎讓上學(xué)顯得沒意義和乏味。雖說在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)時心不在焉是年輕人的通病，但是據(jù)反映，打工的學(xué)生比不打工的學(xué)生在這方面表現(xiàn)得更為糟糕。事實上，賺錢和花錢帶來的快感也許過于強烈，以至于有長時間打工史的學(xué)生，比如從大二開始就長時間打工的學(xué)生，實際上比其他同學(xué)面臨更大的輟學(xué)風(fēng)險。最后，長時間打工與飲酒和吸毒的增多有關(guān)。打工的學(xué)生吸毒和飲酒的概率比不打工的學(xué)生要高出大約33%。我們的長期研究顯示，長時間打工導(dǎo)致打工的學(xué)生更多地飲酒和吸毒，他們借此來娛樂和消遣。每月多收入200至300美元的青少年通常比其他同學(xué)有更多的零花錢，而且他們也常常習(xí)慣于把自己賺來的錢花在吸毒和飲酒上。我們的研究表明，飲酒和吸毒相應(yīng)地可能造成學(xué)習(xí)興趣減弱，因此很可能導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)成績下降。總而言之，長期以來的傳統(tǒng)觀念一直認(rèn)為，早期的工作經(jīng)歷能錘煉性格。而我們的研究結(jié)果表明，對于許多學(xué)生而言，每周打工20個小時或更多時間會導(dǎo)致學(xué)習(xí)成績的下滑以及吸毒和飲酒的增多。我們知道這些研究結(jié)果可能在許多人看來是有爭議的。令我們感到驚訝的是，我們的研究結(jié)果促使我們質(zhì)疑，為何長久以來我們一直堅守著那種打工有利于我們成長的傳統(tǒng)想法。現(xiàn)在是摒棄這種誘人的錯誤觀念的時候了！我們的結(jié)論是：要想學(xué)業(yè)成功，學(xué)生就應(yīng)該下決心做到每周打工不超過10個小時。