第一篇：轉(zhuǎn)基因——英語(yǔ)演講稿

Good afternoon, everyone!I am very glad to have a speech here.My name is ……, and my major is …….…….is my hometown, a famous city in the Three Kingdoms, and it is rich in rice and fish.I graduated from …….University in ……., and now, I am studying in ……..In my spare time, I like to play computer games, surf on line, or travel with friends and sometimes I like being alone and doing nothing.My topic is GMF and Health, before my topic, I want to ask you some questions: do you know what the GMF is? Do you ever eat in KFC or McDonald's? You may be surprised at what is the relationship between them.It is said that the most foods in KFC and McDonald's are GMF.This chicken with six legs and six wings is made for food in McDonald's.The topic of GMF is becoming more and more popular recently.Scientists embed the special gene into plants to get the genetically-modified crops which usually have higher yield and look more attractive than the common crops by genetic engineering technology.Besides, the GM crops are more resistant to diseases and insects.In the other words, they can reduce the cost to some extent.As a result, the GM crops become popular with famers and businessmen, and then the GMF emerges in the market.Such as beans, corn, rice, chili(辣椒), and so on.What is more, the supporters think that it is hopeful to solve the food crisis, and the GMF is healthier than common food.However, the GM crops are not natural plants, and they are forced to change themselves by human.What is worse, the development of GM technology is immature, and no one knows what the result it will cause.So a great number of people object to the GMF.For example, they think the new strange creatures which made by GM may disturb the food chain, and even will change the world which we are living now and threaten the survival of human beings.For another thing, the GMF may pose health risk to consumers.First of all, it may cause unpredictable mutation(突變)in the GMF, and then produce new and stronger poison.Besides, the special gene with resistant to diseases may make the drug-resistant bacteria and cause new diseases.Thirdly, the allergies may become more frequently.For example, a man who has a shrimp(蝦)allergy rather than fish.It may be very unfortunately for him to eat a fish and get allergy because the fish which he eats is modified with a special gene in shrimp.Lastly, the nutritive value of GMF will be reduced because of the remove of some substances which we do not know whether they are necessary to our bodies.In my opinion, the GMF may be an effective way to solve the food crisis in the future, but before extent and commercialize it we should ensure it is safe enough, rather than apply it with so much unpredictable.Just as what Yuan Longping said: “We should hold a scientific and cautious attitude to GMF, and try to bring the advantages of GM technology into full play, reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the GM technology and enjoy a better-off life, rather than refuse it absolutely.”

That is all my speech, thank you!

第二篇：轉(zhuǎn)基因英語(yǔ)演講稿

China has rejected more than one million metric tons of United States corn since last November.The Chinese Government says it is not accepting shipments that include Agrisure Viptera made by the seed company Syngenta.China says it has not approved importing this genetically-modified kind of corn seed.A GMO food has had gens from other plants or animals added to its natural genetic content.America's National Grain and Feed Association says the rejection is costly.It says the Chinese action is responsible for almost $3 billion in losses to the U.S.agricultural industry.It's perhaps the most controversial pick in the history of a respected award.Three pioneers in the science of genetically modified crops are receiving this year's prestigious World Food Prize, Thursday, Oct.17 in Iowa.According to the prize citation, 17 million farmers worldwide grew these 'GMO' crops in 2012, more than 90 percent of them small-scale farmers in developing countries.It says the technology increased yields, reduced harmful pesticide use, and will be a key tool to feed the 9 billion people expected on Earth by 2050.But critics of the technology question the role of genetically modified organisms in fighting world hunger.When Mary Dell Chilton started her scientific career in the 1970s, she believed that a microscopic bacterium and a stalk of corn were much too different to be able to exchange genetic code.Every plant’s DNA is like hundreds of books’ worth of information: genes for productivity...flavor...heat tolerance...even harmful or toxic traits.Conventional breeding produces offspring with a random assortment of those bookssay, instructions for a protein that kills insect pests but is safe for people.“That means that you don’t have to put insecticides on those corn plants to protect them and enhance the yield that you get.That’s a good thing,“ said Chilton

Nearly all the corn and cotton grown in the U.S.contain this type of gene, reducing insecticide use by at least 50 million kilograms per year.Critics, however, note that another modificationhas increased the use of weed killers.Hans Herren won the prize in 1995 for using natural methods to control a devastating insect pest outbreak in Africa.He says genetically modified organisms are not the best way to fight hunger.“Because I think the cause of the food shortages in some places have nothing to do or can’t be fixed with GMOs,” he said.Herren sees GMOs as just the latest version of the water-, fertilizer-and pesticide-intensive form of agriculture that he says is a dead end.“We need to change the paradigm because we are running out of fertilizer.Fertilizer production produces a lot of CO2.Water is limited, and will be even more limited in the future.So, again, we have to find better solutions,“ he said.And Herren says more research is needed on the health, environmental and social impacts of GMO crops that are rapidly spreading around the world.Opposition to them is also spreading rapidly.In the Philippines, protesters have uprooted test fields of rice modified to produce vitamin A.But, Mary Dell Chilton is confident GMO technology will help feed the world.”We need it.There are too many people in this world and we need to feed them in order to keep them from fighting with each other," she said.

第三篇：轉(zhuǎn)基因食品之爭(zhēng)演講稿（范文）

毛概課程報(bào)告

小組成員及分工：

潘奔（演講稿）2012310200212 陳博文（PPT）：2012310200205 許航（查閱文獻(xiàn)）：2012310200218 班級(jí)：應(yīng)化1202班

指導(dǎo)老師：彭慧蓉

轉(zhuǎn)基因食品之爭(zhēng)演講稿

近年來(lái)，隨著人們生活水平的提高，綠色、健康消費(fèi)成為很

多市民購(gòu)物時(shí)的首選。新概念食品的層出不窮，讓消費(fèi)者有些目不暇

接，其中的轉(zhuǎn)基因食品更是人們熱議的重點(diǎn)，“它”真的安全嗎？“它”

真的能夠放心食用嗎？

轉(zhuǎn)基因食物已經(jīng)在不知不覺(jué)間進(jìn)入我們的生活。而對(duì)“轉(zhuǎn)基

因”這個(gè)概念，我們卻知之甚少，于是，各種爭(zhēng)論和抵制一直在出現(xiàn)，從沒(méi)有停止。讓我們來(lái)看幾幅圖片。

那么，轉(zhuǎn)基因食物，究竟是天使還是魔鬼呢？首先，讓我們

來(lái)了解何為轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。

轉(zhuǎn)基因食品是利用現(xiàn)代分子生物技術(shù)，將某些生物的基因

轉(zhuǎn)移到其他物種中去，改造生物的遺傳物質(zhì)，使其在形狀、營(yíng)養(yǎng)

品質(zhì)、消費(fèi)品質(zhì)等方面向人們所需要的目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)變。

以轉(zhuǎn)基因生物為直接食品或?yàn)樵霞庸どa(chǎn)的食品就是“轉(zhuǎn)基因

食品”。（人們怕吃轉(zhuǎn)基因食品，為什么，作說(shuō)明）

一件事物，既然它出現(xiàn)了，那么它一定是有用的，有存在的必要性。轉(zhuǎn)基因食品它有什么優(yōu)點(diǎn)呢？

可增加作物單位面積產(chǎn)量；

可以降低生產(chǎn)成本；

通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)可增強(qiáng)作物抗蟲害、抗病毒等的能力；提高農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的耐貯性，延長(zhǎng)保鮮期，滿足人民生活水平日益提高的需求；

可使農(nóng)作物開發(fā)的時(shí)間大為縮短；

可以擺脫季節(jié)、氣候的影響，四季低成本供應(yīng)；

打破物種界限，不斷培植新物種，生產(chǎn)出有利于人類健康的食品。

我國(guó)歷代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也對(duì)這種先進(jìn)的技術(shù)十分重視，歷年的中央一號(hào)文件也對(duì)此大力支持，它功能強(qiáng)，而且受官方支持，為什么會(huì)受到

爭(zhēng)議呢？因?yàn)槲覀冞€不能完全控制它！自從沃森和克里克發(fā)現(xiàn)了

DNA的雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)，人類就從與各生物平等的角色上升到了造物主的層次！我們變得可以創(chuàng)造物種，然而我們卻不能完全控制我們所創(chuàng)

造的東西，我們需要對(duì)大自然有所敬畏。譬如美國(guó)的超級(jí)雜草，新疆的棉花爆發(fā)蟲害。一些本不可能出現(xiàn)的基因片段卻在人類的操縱下插

入某些生物造成危害。（在此做大量說(shuō)明）

與轉(zhuǎn)基因食品一樣飽受爭(zhēng)議的生物技術(shù)，克隆技術(shù)（簡(jiǎn)單介紹，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)肉牛，器官移植），它的出現(xiàn)一樣飽受爭(zhēng)議，但是更

多的卻是倫理問(wèn)題，美國(guó)政府就這個(gè)問(wèn)題專門撥款3億美元成立倫理

研究協(xié)會(huì)，專門研究倫理問(wèn)題。

這或許對(duì)我們研究的問(wèn)題有所啟發(fā)，我們需要對(duì)大自然保持敬

畏，需要一批負(fù)責(zé)任的科學(xué)家，而不是急功近利的政客。當(dāng)然，隨著

現(xiàn)代生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展及應(yīng)用，尤其是轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)品越來(lái)越多地涌入到人

們的日常生活，人們的生物技術(shù)恐懼感在日益增加。其中，社會(huì)文化

因素增強(qiáng)了這種恐懼心理。我們有必要從文化視角審視正在蔓延的生

物技術(shù)恐懼心理，分析此種心理的來(lái)源與擴(kuò)散，撫慰人們的脆弱心靈，做好生物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的防范工作，促使生物技術(shù)與社會(huì)的協(xié)同發(fā)展。

第四篇：轉(zhuǎn)基因食品安全會(huì)議流程(英語(yǔ))

Student A:prepare and deliver a short speech announcing the meeting open.Good morning, ladies and gentlemen:

My name is xuyin.First of all, please allow me to express the most heartful welcome to all of the conference participants.It is well acknowledged that transgenic technology has been applied in food industry.Actually, genetically modified food, GMF, in short, has been widely sold in certain countries.Regardless ofthe benefits, there exist some problems that cannot be ignored.Recently, the public has aroused concern of the genetically modified food’s safety.Here, we get together to rediscover the pros and cons of GMF and its future prospect.Student B: Introduce four speakers who are going to make presentations in different ways

In this meeting，we have invited four famous scholars in different fields to share their opinions in the genetically modified food.So please let me have a short introduction about them.Firstly welcome the Doctor john,who is a scientist and focusing his research on the food whether is good for people’ health.Then we can applaud for Jim,he has devoted himself for protecting the environment and his achievements are highly esteemed in the world.He will make a short speech to talk about the influence of GMF on the environment.After that,I have the pleasure of

introducing Dr.Cart who is working for the Yale university,Last year I visited his national key laboratory, and was impressed by his excellent work.Now welcome Dr.Cart to share his opinions.Now I believe that we can get much better insight into the effects of GMF,maybe we would know more about the GMF’s influence on the balance of ecology,so I should like to call upon professor Wade, who would like to make a presentation on his recent survey.Student C: Thank the keynote speakers for their presentations

Thank you, Dr Xu and Dr Zhang, for your excellent paper presentations.Now,let us clap our hands for them.It is a great honor for us to have all you to attend this conference.On behalf of the organizing committee, I am delighted to thank all of you to come all the way for this conference.Meanwhile,I hope you will enjoy your stay in here and thank you very much again.Student D: Prepare and deliver a short speech adjourning the meeting Okay,ladies and gentlemen,we will take a break for lunch in the hall.Time will range from 12:00 to 1:00 pm.Enioy yourself and remind to get back before 2 o’clock pm and continue our discussion.

第五篇：轉(zhuǎn)基因論文

轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)與道德倫理關(guān)系淺談

機(jī)電學(xué)院

摘 要：轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù),就是利用分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)將決定一種生物性狀的基因分離轉(zhuǎn)移到另一種不具備這種性狀的生物中去的技術(shù)。轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)被視為一種全球化的生物技術(shù)變革,它在給人類帶來(lái)巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益的同時(shí)，并不可避免地會(huì)引發(fā)很多全新的問(wèn)題。關(guān)鍵詞：轉(zhuǎn)基因;道德倫理;關(guān)系

轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)是將人工分離和修飾過(guò)的基因?qū)氲缴矬w基因組中，由于導(dǎo)入基因的表達(dá)，引起生物體的性狀的可遺傳的修飾，這一技術(shù)稱之為轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)（Transgene technology）。人們常說(shuō)的“遺傳工程”、“基因工程”、“遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化”均為轉(zhuǎn)基因的同義詞。經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)修飾的生物體在媒體上常被稱為“遺傳修飾過(guò)的生物體”（Genetically modified organism，簡(jiǎn)稱GMO）。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以把任何外源的基因,包括人、植物、動(dòng)物、微生物甚至人工合成的基因,整合到植物、動(dòng)物或微生物細(xì)胞中,使其具有人們所需要的各種性狀,來(lái)解決當(dāng)今世界所面臨的食物短缺、能源匱乏、疾病猖獗、環(huán)境污染等一系列重大的問(wèn)題。但是，與以往傳統(tǒng)科技不同，基因是控制一切生命運(yùn)動(dòng)形式的物質(zhì)，基因科技直接以生命體以及人類自身為對(duì)象。因此，關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)與道德倫理產(chǎn)生了復(fù)雜的關(guān)系，圍繞這一話題，當(dāng)代社會(huì)展開的激烈爭(zhēng)論。

一．轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的倫理爭(zhēng)論及其實(shí)質(zhì)

從某種意義上說(shuō)，一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)所帶來(lái)的利益和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都是由社會(huì)造成的。關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)是否安全的結(jié)論，取決于該項(xiàng)技術(shù)所帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在多大程度上被人們認(rèn)為是可以接受的，取決于特定社會(huì)的人們究競(jìng)把哪些價(jià)值目標(biāo)（由于社會(huì)資源的有限性，這些價(jià)值目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)往往要以暫時(shí)放棄或犧牲其他同樣皿要的價(jià)位目標(biāo)為代價(jià)）置于優(yōu)先的地位來(lái)加以考慮。而關(guān)于價(jià)值目標(biāo)的優(yōu)先性的考慮，主要是一個(gè)倫理和政治問(wèn)題，而非科學(xué)問(wèn)題。因此，關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的爭(zhēng)論，便不可避免地要與相關(guān)的倫理和政治問(wèn)題糾纏在一起。

二．轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)引發(fā)的倫理問(wèn)題

1.生態(tài)倫理觀沖擊。在這一層面,生命倫理與生態(tài)倫理交叉起來(lái)了。轉(zhuǎn)基因?qū)嶋H上是對(duì)天然的基因庫(kù)的一種人工干預(yù)或人為改造。首先，這是對(duì)人與自然以及人與其它物種關(guān)系辨證一種沖擊。在這一過(guò)程中人扮演了“上帝”的角色，在某種程度上改變了生物物種變異進(jìn)化進(jìn)程中自然選擇作用。轉(zhuǎn)而由人按照自己的意愿進(jìn)行“人造生命”。那么我們不禁要問(wèn)，人類是否有權(quán)來(lái)實(shí)施這一技術(shù)以及所涉及權(quán)限范圍？這是否符合生態(tài)倫理準(zhǔn)則？著名的天主教哲學(xué)家保羅·拉姆齊(P.Ramsey)說(shuō)過(guò)一句著名的話:“人們?cè)趯W(xué)會(huì)做人之前,不應(yīng)該去充當(dāng)上帝;而當(dāng)他們學(xué)會(huì)做人之后,則不會(huì)去充當(dāng)上帝。”美國(guó)新澤西州生殖醫(yī)學(xué)及科學(xué)研究中的業(yè)務(wù)主任賈克爾斯·科恩博士在2001 年5 月初宣稱,該中心利用一種基因改造技術(shù)成功地使多名不孕婦女懷孕生子,第一批通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)來(lái)到人世間的嬰兒已有15 名,這昭示著人從其他生物物種改造轉(zhuǎn)移到改造人類自身。這些無(wú)疑都是對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)生態(tài)倫理的一種挑戰(zhàn)。

2、轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)引發(fā)的商業(yè)利益爭(zhēng)議。轉(zhuǎn)基因研究和發(fā)展的最初主要是在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家進(jìn)行的, 轉(zhuǎn)基因?qū)＠谟韪菍?dǎo)致了發(fā)展重心的傾斜。轉(zhuǎn)基因的商業(yè)化僅僅給一小部分的國(guó)家或組織帶來(lái)利益轉(zhuǎn)基因商業(yè)化中的基因?qū)＠麑?duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家、貧困地區(qū)的沖擊很大, 不能給廣大的處于社會(huì)底層的人民帶來(lái)公共利益。由此轉(zhuǎn)基因的市場(chǎng)化和商業(yè)化引起嚴(yán)重的利益分配不公。這樣的后果是不能得到全世界人類共同的認(rèn)可, 引發(fā)爭(zhēng)議是必然的他對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因否定態(tài)度。

3.生態(tài)安全問(wèn)題影響。問(wèn)題主要集中在轉(zhuǎn)基因作物轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)物對(duì)人體健康、生態(tài)環(huán)境和生物多樣性的影響。川侯美婉在《基因工程一一美夢(mèng)還是噩夢(mèng)》一書中, 闡述了轉(zhuǎn)基因食品對(duì)人體健康和動(dòng)物健康的危害, 以及從農(nóng)業(yè)和生物多樣性的危害方面分析了其安全性問(wèn)題。2001 年9 月,墨西哥政府報(bào)告說(shuō),Oaxaca 州的玉米受到一種沒(méi)有被批準(zhǔn)在墨西哥種植的轉(zhuǎn)基因Bt 玉米的污染,該研究測(cè)定了來(lái)自O(shè)axaca 州22 個(gè)村莊的玉米樣品,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中15 個(gè)污染率在3 %-10 %。2002 年4 月23 日,墨西哥政府再次確認(rèn)了本土玉米品種受轉(zhuǎn)基因污染的事實(shí),國(guó)家生態(tài)研究所所長(zhǎng)ExequielEzcurra 指出,平均有8 %的植物受到污染,而在有些地方,污染甚至超過(guò)10 %。很顯然，轉(zhuǎn)基因很可能引發(fā)生態(tài)污染問(wèn)題。生態(tài)倫理學(xué)認(rèn)為,地球上的生命已經(jīng)存在了30多億年,簡(jiǎn)單的生命經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)的進(jìn)化過(guò)程,形成了今天地球上由千萬(wàn)種生物所組成的復(fù)雜生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)手段改造生物體,就有可能過(guò)快打亂自然界經(jīng)過(guò)漫長(zhǎng)時(shí)間進(jìn)化所形成的秩序,破壞生態(tài)平衡。轉(zhuǎn)基因生物的代謝產(chǎn)物會(huì)向外界環(huán)境擴(kuò)散,造成鏈鎖反應(yīng),憑目前的生物技術(shù)發(fā)展水平,還不能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)基因生物體及其代謝產(chǎn)物的表現(xiàn)形態(tài)和潛在危害,也難以提出針對(duì)性的防范措施。“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)像一張網(wǎng)一樣,如果每個(gè)網(wǎng)結(jié)都有幾根線與別的網(wǎng)結(jié)相聯(lián)系,它就比簡(jiǎn)單的、沒(méi)有交叉的線圈更好地避免瓦解”。但轉(zhuǎn)基因動(dòng)植物的出現(xiàn),由于沒(méi)有天敵的制約,就可能會(huì)破壞原有物種之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)協(xié)作關(guān)系,擾亂原本和諧有序的生態(tài)環(huán)境,減少本地區(qū)物種的多樣性, 甚至?xí)股鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)受到毀滅性打擊。這是人們反對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的一個(gè)最重要的理由。

三．轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)堅(jiān)持的道德倫理原則

1.保護(hù)人類與保護(hù)環(huán)境相結(jié)合的原則。生態(tài)倫理學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)自然界是人類生存與發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)人與自然的相互協(xié)調(diào)、共同發(fā)展,倡導(dǎo)生態(tài)倫理、生態(tài)文明,要求人類在改變自然的實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中,考慮到自然的需要,從而維持或創(chuàng)造一個(gè)有利于人類存在與發(fā)展的生態(tài)環(huán)境。這是人類繼續(xù)生存和發(fā)展下去的倫理需要,也是轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用的基本道德原則。它同時(shí)把保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境與保護(hù)人類的生命健康置于人類道德關(guān)懷的庇護(hù)之下,在保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境過(guò)程中保護(hù)人類生命健康,在保護(hù)人類生命健康的過(guò)程中達(dá)到保護(hù)環(huán)境的目的。這是人類推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和環(huán)境協(xié)同發(fā)展,追求可持續(xù)發(fā)展的邏輯起點(diǎn)。

2.維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡,保護(hù)生物多樣性原則。生態(tài)倫理學(xué)認(rèn)為,自然界是一個(gè)包含著諸多對(duì)立面的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡系統(tǒng),有著自身的生物鏈。“一物降一物”,正是生物鏈的真實(shí)寫照。應(yīng)當(dāng)尊重自然的完整與穩(wěn)定,尊重生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的多樣性統(tǒng)一以及與各部分之間的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。自然對(duì)于人類的生態(tài)價(jià)值的最重要體現(xiàn),在于人類賴以棲息的地球是一個(gè)憑借生物即生命活動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)能量轉(zhuǎn)移和物質(zhì)元素循環(huán)的地球。地球上的每一自然物在維持自然之和諧中都有自己存在的理由,都同樣具有享用自然的權(quán)利,因此,人類對(duì)自然的享用不得妨礙其它生物對(duì)自然的享用,我們要尊重所有生物在自然中的生存權(quán)利,我們必須從人類的整體利益出發(fā),無(wú)條件地維護(hù)物種和生物遺傳的多樣性。“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)越復(fù)雜,就越能成功地抵抗壓力。生態(tài)系統(tǒng)像一張網(wǎng)一樣,如果每個(gè)網(wǎng)結(jié)都有幾根線與別的網(wǎng)結(jié)相聯(lián)系,它就比簡(jiǎn)單的、沒(méi)有交叉的線圈更好地避免瓦解”。但轉(zhuǎn)基因動(dòng)植物的出現(xiàn),由于沒(méi)有天敵的制約,就可能會(huì)破壞原有物種之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)協(xié)作關(guān)系,擾亂原本和諧有序的生態(tài)環(huán)境,減少本地區(qū)物種的多樣性, 甚至?xí)股鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)受到毀滅性打擊。這是人們反對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的一個(gè)最重要的理由。

3.生態(tài)效益原則。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),人們通常以經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)來(lái)涵蓋發(fā)展問(wèn)題,把經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展當(dāng)作發(fā)展的全部。20世紀(jì)80年代后期開始,人們認(rèn)識(shí)到單純的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),不能完全解決人類的生存和發(fā)展問(wèn)題,國(guó)際社會(huì)開始共同關(guān)心生態(tài)環(huán)境。按照生態(tài)倫理學(xué)的價(jià)值觀,生態(tài)環(huán)境具有使用價(jià)值,是一種有限的、稀缺的資源,因而生態(tài)環(huán)境不可能總是無(wú)限制地為人類提供原材料、容納工業(yè)所帶來(lái)的污染。如果我們無(wú)節(jié)制地使用地球上的資源,我們將毀滅人類的未來(lái)。我們必須尊重自然的限度,并采用在該限度內(nèi)行得通的生存方式和發(fā)展道路。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展必須立足于使環(huán)境資源庫(kù)得以持續(xù)和發(fā)展的政策,在尊重自然和遵循生態(tài)價(jià)值規(guī)律的前提下按照經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)律辦事,在追求經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的同時(shí)也要注重生態(tài)效益。轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)應(yīng)用的生態(tài)效益原則是指在保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)效率最大化,把環(huán)境污染和破壞控制在能夠維持生態(tài)平衡、保護(hù)人體健康和社會(huì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富及保障經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)持續(xù)發(fā)展的限度內(nèi)。而轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)為環(huán)境保護(hù)提供了新的手段。目前已通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)培養(yǎng)出能降解農(nóng)藥、除草劑、塑料、防治重金屬污染、清除石油污染的轉(zhuǎn)基因工程菌。經(jīng)基因改造的楊樹在生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中,可清除土壤、地下水中重金屬的污染,將可分解石油成分基因工程菌接種到海灘,可清除海灘的原油污染,其清除速度比天然細(xì)菌快得多。

4.可持續(xù)發(fā)展原則。生態(tài)價(jià)值觀以生態(tài)文明為社會(huì)環(huán)境倫理基礎(chǔ),主張人與自然和諧共處,認(rèn)為人類應(yīng)該同自己的生存環(huán)境共同發(fā)展和進(jìn)化,強(qiáng)調(diào)人類對(duì)后代、社會(huì)和自然的道德責(zé)任。《中國(guó)21 世紀(jì)議程》指出,“可持續(xù)發(fā)展的前提是發(fā)展”,“既能滿足當(dāng)代人的需求而又不對(duì)滿足后代人的需求的能力構(gòu)成危害”。可持續(xù)發(fā)展是一個(gè)整體,它必須由資源型發(fā)展模式逐步轉(zhuǎn)變成為技術(shù)型發(fā)展模式,即依靠科技進(jìn)步解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題和實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)能解決當(dāng)今世界所面臨的食物短缺、能源匱乏、疾病猖獗、環(huán)境污染等一系列重大的問(wèn)題。只要我們合理運(yùn)用轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù),它可以成為未來(lái)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的新模式。

四．結(jié)論

轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的道德倫理問(wèn)題是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。我們不僅要梳理出轉(zhuǎn)基因倫理問(wèn)題的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系, 而且還要依賴道德哲學(xué)、生命哲學(xué)、生物學(xué)哲學(xué)、生存哲學(xué)的研究, 以此去確立轉(zhuǎn)基因倫理問(wèn)題研究的理論基礎(chǔ), 從而進(jìn)一步分析和評(píng)價(jià)轉(zhuǎn)基因中的各種價(jià)值判斷。只有這樣, 才能使倫理問(wèn)題的研究更有理論意義和實(shí)踐價(jià)值 參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1 ] 劉湘溶.生態(tài)倫理學(xué)[M ].長(zhǎng)沙:湖南師范大學(xué)出版社, 1992.[2] 庫(kù)爾特·拜爾茨.基因倫理學(xué)[M].北京:華夏出版社,2001 :179.[3] 黃大昉.關(guān)于植物生物技術(shù)的發(fā)展與思考[ J ].中國(guó) [4]農(nóng)業(yè)科技導(dǎo)報(bào), 2002,(4): 42 [4] 劉湘溶.生態(tài)倫理學(xué)[M ].長(zhǎng)沙:湖南師范大學(xué)出版社, 1992.[5] 李建軍,倪景濤.《植物轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中的倫理問(wèn)題》[N].《 寶雞文理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》(社會(huì)科學(xué)版)，2006 年第5期.[6] 巴伯.科學(xué)與社會(huì)秩序(顧欣譯)[M ].北京:三聯(lián)書店，1991.