第一篇：北大精英企業家演講力班開課

又是一年春風暖，演講課堂百花香

——北大精英企業家演講力班開課

春風送暖百花香，正是一年好時節。2012年4月13日，北京大學精英企業家演講力研修班學員們在上期課程結束兩個月后，迎來了龍年春天里的再次聚首。20多名精英企業家們在這春回大地、春意盎然、春暖花開的美好時節，在北京大學英杰交流中心四會教室，開始了為期三天的演講力訓練、提升個人軟實力的學習之旅。

本次課程針對企業家學員實際，安排了企業家常見各種工作、生活場景講話訓練，比如企業慶典致辭、生日宴會、婚禮慶典致辭等，以及提升企業家個人形象的商務禮儀課。

本次課程由中國著名演講力訓練專家、北京大學公眾演講與管理溝通課題組組長、本站首席講師文若河授課演講力訓練課。另外還邀請到了資深禮儀培訓專家金英姬老師教授學員們商務禮儀課。

文若河老師正在授課

企業家學員們在課堂上

在企業慶典致辭訓練環節中，來自遼寧的學員宋總說，課程真的很實用，再過一個多月，自己的分公司就要成立，馬上就可以現學現賣，所以這次得好好跟著文老師學學，回去再多加練習，到時就可以一顯身手了。每期課程之后，回去都會發現又進步了很多，對于企業總裁來說，當眾講話的場景的確很多，學會文老師的“演講一陽指”方法之后，只要一套用就可以了，很多場合都可以信手捻來，越用越活。當你獲得一次演講成功之后，你會對自己越來越有自信，演講力就像企業總裁的一雙翅膀，助我們在事業上飛得更高。

第一次參加課程的新學員曹總上臺演講時說，自己雖然是企業總裁，但是一直很害怕當眾講話，尤其是在陌生人多的時候更是緊張不知所云。本來只是想來體驗一下，看看課程是不是適合，所以上午被老師叫上臺時非常緊張，連一段完整的話也講不出來。文老師給予了有針對性的輔導，包括如何得體亮相，如何讓聲音更有感染力，如何迅速組織語言這些演講的基礎知識，讓自己迅速調整狀態，不再慌亂。通過有效的方法學習加上不斷上臺演練之后，終于有了自信，進步明顯。他說，沒想到演講是有方法的，學到這些方法，演講就變得如此簡單。曹總最后說，很感謝介紹我到這個課堂上的藺老師，這么好的課，我一定要抓緊學習，不再放過機會了。相信通過企業家演講力班一年半的學習，一定會有一個更大的提高。

在第一天的場景演講力訓練課上，學員們在文老師的指導下邊學邊上臺練習，進步非常快。尤其是之前上過三期課程的學員有了一些演講基礎，上臺表現得更是鎮定自若，時常妙語連珠，逗得大家直樂，師生們的感情也隨著時間的推移不斷升溫。企業家演講力課堂上充滿了春天的氣息，猶如春天里的百花香。

第二篇：“張嘴就來”演講力訓練營開課

“張嘴就來”第172期演講力訓練營開課

金秋九月，丹桂飄香。2012年9月14日，第172期“張嘴就來”演講力訓練營在上海復旦大學隆重開課。20名來自全國各地的學員早早來到復旦大學燕園商務中心教室做好聽課準備，在這收獲的金秋好時節，為演講力充電，提升自己的職場軟實力。

本次課程為期三天，第一天和第二天的課程由北京大學公眾演講與管理溝通課題組組長、中國著名演講力訓練專家文若河老師講授，包括心理素質訓練、態勢語、演講技巧、如何組織語言、如何控場等演講基礎訓練，第三天由傳媒大學播音主持老師、本站資深講師王金玲老師教授科學發聲訓練。

本期訓練營的學員大部分都是職場中高層管理。在學員們上臺做自我介紹的環節中，大部分學員都說到了自己在口才方面的問題和困惑，也講到了自己在口才方面的尷尬經歷。對于一名中高層管理者，口才能力自是不可忽視的，解釋、說服，推銷、激勵??無論身處何職，幾乎所有的工作都離不開“說”，“會說”與否決定了管理行為的有效與否。越來越多的職場人走進課堂，尋求專業的輔導與訓練。

在第一天的課程中，文老師給大家揭開了演講的神秘面紗，帶領大家走進演講的大門，從文老師信手捻來、環環相扣的講授中，學員們心中的疑慮終于消散，課堂氣氛越來越熱烈，課堂氣氛越來越熱烈，大家在我國著名演講力專家文若河老師的的指導下，在演講中享受緊張，在演講中體驗快樂，在演講中提升能力，在演講中找到自信!相信這三天“張嘴就來”的訓練將是人生中又一次華麗轉身！

第三篇：北大演講

克林頓在北京大學的英文演講稿

PRESIDENT CLINTON:

Thank you.Thank you, President Chen, Chairmen Ren, Vice President Chi, Vice Minister Wei.We are delighted to be here today with a very large American delegation, including the First Lady and our daughter, who is a student at Stanford, one of the schools with which Beijing University has a relationship.We have six members of the United States Congress;the Secretary of State;Secretary of Commerce;the Secretary of Agriculture;the Chairman of our Council of Economic Advisors;Senator Sasser, our Ambassador;the National Security Advisor and my Chief of Staff, among others.I say that to illustrate the importance that the United States places on our relationship with China.I would like to begin by congratulating all of you, the students, the faculty, the administrators, on celebrating the centennial year of your university.Gongxi, Beida.(Applause.)As I'm sure all of you know, this campus was once home to Yenching University which was founded by American missionaries.Many of its wonderful buildings were designed by an American architect.Thousands of Americans students and professors have come here to study and teach.We feel a special kinship with you.I am, however, grateful that this day is different in one important respect from another important occasion 79 years ago.In June of 1919, the first president of Yenching University, John Leighton Stuart, was set to deliver the very first commencement address on these very grounds.At the appointed hour, he appeared, but no students appeared.They were all out leading the May 4th Movement for China's political and cultural renewal.When I read this, I hoped that when I walked into the auditorium today, someone would be sitting here.And I thank you for being here, very much.(Applause.)Over the last 100 years, this university has grown to more than 20,000 students.Your graduates are spread throughout China and around the world.You have built the largest university library in all of Asia.Last year, 20 percent of your graduates went abroad to study, including half of your math and science majors.And in this anniversary year, more than a million people in China, Asia, and beyond have logged on to your web site.At the dawn of a new century, this university is leading China into the future.I come here today to talk to you, the next generation of China's leaders, about the critical importance to your future of building a strong partnership between China and the United States.The American people deeply admire China for its thousands of years of contributions to culture and religion, to philosophy and the arts, to science and technology.We remember well our strong partnership in World War II.Now we see China at a moment in history when your glorious past is matched by your present sweeping transformation and the even greater promise of your future.Just three decades ago, China was virtually shut off from the world.Now, China is a member of more than 1,000 international organizations--enterprises that affect everything from air travel to agricultural development.You have opened your nation to trade and investment on a large scale.Today, 40,000 young Chinese study in the United States, with hundreds of thousands more learning in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Latin America.Your social and economic transformation has been even more remarkable, moving from a closed command economic system to a driving, increasingly market-based and driven economy, generating two decades of unprecedented growth, giving people greater freedom to travel within and outside China, to vote in village elections, to own a home, choose a job, attend a better school.As a result you have lifted literally hundreds of millions of people from poverty.Per capita income has more than doubled in the last decade.Most Chinese people are leading lives they could not have imagined just 20 years ago.Of course, these changes have also brought disruptions in settled patterns of life and work, and have imposed enormous strains on your environment.Once every urban Chinese was guaranteed employment in a state enterprise.Now you must compete in a job market.Once a Chinese worker had only to meet the demands of a central planner in Beijing.Now the global economy means all must match the quality and creativity of the rest of the world.For those who lack the right training and skills and support, this new world can be daunting.In the short-term, good, hardworking people--some, at least will find themselves unemployed.And, as all of you can see, there have been enormous environmental and economic and health care costs to the development pattern and the energy use pattern of the last 20 years--from air pollution to deforestation to acid rain and water shortage.In the face of these challenges new systems of training and social security will have to be devised, and new environmental policies and technologies will have to be introduced with the goal of growing your economy while improving the environment.Everything I know about the intelligence, the ingenuity, the enterprise of the Chinese people and everything I have heard these last few days in my discussions with President Jiang, Prime Minister Zhu and others give me confidence that you will succeed.As you build a new China, America wants to build a new relationship with you.We want China to be successful, secure and open, working with us for a more peaceful and prosperous world.I know there are those in China and the United States who question whether closer relations between our countries is a good thing.But everything all of us know about the way the world is changing and the challenges your generation will face tell us that our two nations will be far better off working together than apart.The late Deng Xiaoping counseled us to seek truth from facts.At the dawn of the new century, the facts are clear.The distance between our two nations, indeed, between any nations, is shrinking.Where once an American clipper ship took months to cross from China to the United States.Today, technology has made us all virtual neighbors.From laptops to lasers, from microchips to megabytes, an information revolution is lighting the landscape of human knowledge, bringing us all closer together.Ideas, information, and money cross the planet at the stroke of a computer key, bringing with them extraordinary opportunities to create wealth, to prevent and conquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different cultures.But we also know that this greater openness and faster change mean that problems which start beyond one nations borders can quickly move inside them--the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the threats of organized crime and drug trafficking, of environmental degradation, and severe economic dislocation.No nation can isolate itself from these problems, and no nation can solve them alone.We, especially the younger generations of China and the United States, must make common cause of our common challenges, so that we can, together, shape a new century of brilliant possibilities.In the 21st century--your century--China and the United States will face the challenge of security in Asia.On the Korean Peninsula, where once we were adversaries, today we are working together for a permanent peace and a future free of nuclear weapons.On the Indian subcontinent, just as most of the rest of the world is moving away from nuclear danger, India and Pakistan risk sparking a new arms race.We are now pursuing a common strategy to move India and Pakistan away from further testing and toward a dialogue to resolve their differences.In the 21st century, your generation must face the challenge of stopping the spread of deadlier nuclear,chemical, and biological weapons.In the wrong hands or the wrong places, these weapons can threaten the peace of nations large and small.Increasingly, China and the United States agree on the importance of stopping proliferation.That is why we are beginning to act in concert to control the worlds most dangerous weapons.In the 21st century, your generation will have to reverse the international tide of crime and drugs.Around the world, organized crime robs people of billions of dollars every year and undermines trust in government.America knows all about the devastation and despair that drugs can bring to schools and neighborhoods.With borders on more than a dozen countries, China has become a crossroad for smugglers of all kinds.Last year, President Jiang and I asked senior Chinese and American law enforcement officials to step up our cooperation against these predators, to stop money from being laundered, to stop aliens from being cruelly smuggled, to stop currencies from being undermined by counterfeiting.Just this month, our drug enforcement agency opened an office in Beijing, and soon Chinese counternarcotics experts will be working out of Washington.In the 21st century, your generation must make it your mission to ensure that today's progress does not come at tomorrow's expense.China's remarkable growth in the last two decades has come with a toxic cost, pollutants that foul the water you drink and the air you breathe--the cost is not only environmental, it is also serious in terms of the health consequences of your people and in terms of the drag on economic growth.Environmental problems are also increasingly global as well as national.For example, in the near future, if present energy use patterns persist, China will overtake the United States as the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the gases which are the principal cause of global warming.If the nations of the world do not reduce the gases which are causing global warming, sometime in the next century there is a serious risk of dramatic changes in climate which will change the way we live and the way we work, which could literally bury some island nations under mountains of water and undermine the economic and social fabric of nations.We must work together.We Americans know from our own experience that it is possible to grow an economy while improving the environment.We must do that together for ourselves and for the world.Building on the work that our Vice President, Al Gore, has done previously with the Chinese government, President Jiang and I are working together on ways to bring American clean energy technology to help improve air quality and grow the Chinese economy at the same time.But I will say this again--this is not on my remarks--your generation must do more about this.This is a huge challenge for you, for the American people and for the future of the world.And it must be addressed at the university level, because political leaders will never be willing to adopt environmental measures if they believe it will lead to large-scale unemployment or more poverty.The evidence is clear that does not have to happen.You will actually have more rapid economic growth and better paying jobs, leading to higher levels of education and technology if we do this in the proper way.But you and the university, communities in China, the United States and throughout the world will have to lead the way.(Applause.)In the 21st century your generation must also lead the challenge of an international financial system that has no respect for national borders.When stock markets fall in Hong Kong or Jakarta, the effects are no longer local;they are global.The vibrant growth of your own economy is tied closely, therefore, to the restoration of stability and growth in the Asia Pacific region.China has steadfastly shouldered its responsibilities to the region and the world in this latest financial crisis--helping to prevent another cycle of dangerous devaluations.We must continue to work together to counter this threat to the global financial system and to the growth and prosperity which should be embracing all of this region.In the 21st century, your generation will have a remarkable opportunity to bring together the talents of our scientists, doctors, engineers into a shared quest for progress.Already the breakthroughs we have achieved in our areas of joint cooperation--in challenges from dealing with spina bifida to dealing with extreme weather conditions and earthquakes--have proved what we can do together to change the lives of millions of people in China and the United States and around the world.Expanding our cooperation in science and technology can be one of our greatest gifts to the future.In each of these vital areas that I have mentioned, we can clearly accomplish so much more by walking together rather than standing apart.That is why we should work to see that the productive relationship we now enjoy blossoms into a fuller partnership in the new century.If that is to happen, it is very important that we understand each other better, that we understand both our common interest and our shared aspirations and our honest differences.I believe the kind of open, direct exchange that President Jiang and I had on Saturday at our press conference--which I know many of you watched on television--can both clarify and narrow our differences, and, more important, by allowing people to understand and debate and discuss these things can give a greater sense of confidence to our people that we can make a better future.From the windows of the White House, where I live in Washington, D.C., the monument to our first President, George Washington, dominates the skyline.It is a very tall obelisk.But very near this large monument there is a small stone which contains these words: The United States neither established titles of nobility and royalty, nor created a hereditary system.State affairs are put to the vote of public opinion.This created a new political situation, unprecedented from ancient times to the present.How wonderful it is.Those words were not written by an American.They were written by XuJiyu, governor of Fujian Province, inscribed as a gift from the government of China to our nation in 1853.I am very grateful for that gift from China.It goes to the heart of who we are as a people--the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the freedom to debate, to dissent, to associate, to worship without interference from the state.These are the ideals that were at the core of our founding over 220 years ago.These are the ideas that led us across our continent and onto the world stage.These are the ideals that Americans cherish today.As I said in my press conference with President Jiang, we have an ongoing quest ourselves to live up to those ideals.The people who framed our Constitution understood that we would never achieve perfection.They said that the mission of America would always be “to form a more perfect union”--in other words, that we would never be perfect, but we had to keep trying to do better.The darkest moments in our history have come when we abandoned the effort to do better, when we denied freedom to our people because of their race or their religion, because there were new immigrants or because they held unpopular opinions.The best moments in our history have come when we protected the freedom of people who held unpopular opinion, or extended rights enjoyed by the many to the few who had previously been denied them, making, therefore, the promises of our Declaration of Independence and Constitution more than faded words on old parchment.Today we do not seek to impose our vision on others, but we are convinced that certain rights are universal--not American rights or European rights or rights for developed nations, but the birthrights of people everywhere, now enshrined in the United Nations Declaration on Human Rights--the right to be treated with dignity;the right to express one's opinions, to choose one's own leaders, to associate freely with others, and to worship, or not, freely, however one chooses.In the last letter of his life, the author of our Declaration of Independence and our third President, Thomas Jefferson, said then that “all eyes are opening to the rights of man.” I believe that in this time, at long last, 172 years after Jefferson wrote those words, all eyes are opening to the rights of men and women everywhere.Over the past two decades, a rising tide of freedom has lifted the lives of millions around the world, sweeping away failed dictatorial systems in the Former Soviet Union, throughout Central Europe;ending a vicious cycle of military coups and civil wars in Latin America;giving more people in Africa the chance to make the most of their hard-won independence.And from the Philippines to South Korea, from Thailand to Mongolia, freedom has reached Asia's shores, powering a surge of growth and productivity.Economic security also can be an essential element of freedom.It is recognized in the United Nations Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.In China, you have made extraordinary strides in nurturing that liberty, and spreading freedom from want, to be a source of strength to your people.Incomes are up, poverty is down;people do have more choices of jobs, and the ability to travel--the ability to make a better life.But true freedom includes more than economic freedom.In America, we believe it is a concept which is indivisible.Over the past four days, I have seen freedom in many manifestations in China.I have seen the fresh shoots of democracy growing in the villages of your heartland.I have visited a village that chose its own leaders in free elections.I have also seen the cell phones, the video players, the fax machines carrying ideas, information and images from all over the world.I've heard people speak their minds and I have joined people in prayer in the faith of my own choosing.In all these ways I felt a steady breeze of freedom.The question is, where do we go from here? How do we work together to be on the right side of history together? More than 50 years ago, Hu Shi, one of your great political thinkers and a teacher at this university, said these words: “Now some people say to me you must sacrifice your individual freedom so that the nation may be free.But I reply, the struggle for individual freedom is the struggle for the nation's freedom.The struggle for your own character is the struggle for the nation's character.”

We Americans believe Hu Shi was right.We believe and our experience demonstrates that freedom strengthens stability and helps nations to change.One of our founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin, once said, “Our critics are our friends, for they show us our faults.” Now, if that is true, there are many days in the United States when the President has more friends than anyone else in America.(Laughter.)But it is so.In the world we live in, this global information age, constant improvement and change is necessary to economic opportunity and to national strength.Therefore, the freest possible flow of information, ideas, and opinions, and a greater respect for divergent political and religious convictions will actually breed strength and stability going forward.It is, therefore, profoundly in your interest, and the world's, that young Chinese minds be free to reach the fullness of their potential.That is the message of our time and the mandate of the new century and the new millennium.I hope China will more fully embrace this mandate.For all the grandeur of your history, I believe your greatest days are still ahead.Against great odds in the 20th century China has not only survived, it is moving forward dramatically.Other ancient cultures failed because they failed to change.China has constantly proven the capacity to change and grow.Now, you must re-imagine China again for a new century, and your generation must be at the heart of China's regeneration.The new century is upon us.All our sights are turned toward the future.Now your country has known more millennia than the United States has known centuries.Today, however, China is as young as any nation on Earth.This new century can be the dawn of a new China, proud of your ancient greatness, proud of what you are doing, prouder still of the tomorrows to come.It can be a time when the world again looks to China for the vigor of its culture, the freshness of its thinking, the elevation of human dignity that is apparent in its works.It can be a time when the oldest of nations helps to make a new world.The United States wants to work with you to make that time a reality.Thank you very much.(Applause.)

第四篇：主持人精英班

培訓項目：司儀主持班

學習周期：15天

十幾年前，中國興起了一個新的行業——婚禮慶典，隨之婚禮司儀、婚禮策劃職業便應運而生了，這也是當前真正的朝陽行業。然而，在中國卻沒有任何院校及技能培訓學校提供這一領域的專業技能培訓，從業者多為“自悟”成才的，老一套的主持風格和方法已經不能適應現代人對婚禮要求的需要，甜蜜產業正亟待做得更“甜”。

2005年12月，中國勞動和社會保障部頒布了一個新職業：禮儀主持人。即現在的婚禮司儀，也叫婚禮主持人。今天，時代為我們創造了一個熱愛舞臺的普通人就可以從事的職業、一個可以改變普通人命運的職業、一個靠嘴就能賺錢的職業正在等待著你的選擇。一:專業婚禮主持人（婚慶司儀）職業特點：

1.可以專（兼）職從事且倍受人尊重的新職業；

2.是目前發現的最容易操作、最節約時間、短時間里有最大回報、最普通的人都可以從事的“專、兼職職業”；

3.短時間及少量資金投入且無任何投資經營風險的終身可從事的職業；

4.每天送給別人幸福而自己也更快樂的工作；

5.行善積德的同時令自己風光無限；

6.積極的生活心態，每天開開心心，其樂無窮。

二:專業婚禮主持人（婚慶司儀）職業適宜的人群：

1.年齡在18——45歲之間，高中以上文化學歷；

2.性格開朗、熱愛舞臺主持事業；

3.形象好，氣質佳；

4.普通話標準（地方主持允許略帶口音）；

5.有改善目前生活狀態之強烈愿望者。

三:專業婚禮主持人（婚慶司儀）培訓班學習內容:

憑借多年從事成人職業教學獲得的經驗告訴我們：能夠登上舞臺的“主持能力”是訓練出來的，而不是聽理論課聽出來的。要想成為一名優秀的專業主持人，作為學生的您必須在短期內接受多項專業的訓練，內容如下：

1《婚慶行業的現狀分析》；

2《主持人必備的播音基礎科學發聲氣息訓練課程》；

3《語音、語調、誦讀能力訓練》；

4《舞臺表演藝術》；

5《克服膽怯心理的解放天性訓練》；

6《主持人臺風臺型訓練》；

7《主持方法和技巧訓練》；

8《主持現場應變能力訓練》；

9《喜慶、熱鬧等主持風格的訓練》；

10《溫馨浪漫或者高雅、活潑等各種主持風格的訓練》；

11《中國婚禮習俗的掌握》；

12《與新人面談、策劃、溝通的技巧及表達能力的訓練》；

13《制作婚禮流程方案及如何做好現場督導的訓練》；

14《不同主題、不同風格婚禮音樂的選擇和制作》；

15《生日祝壽、開業慶典、文藝晚會等商務慶典活動簡概主持技巧》；

16《婚禮現場觀摩實習》；

17《課堂上的真實情景模擬主持》；

18《中國婚俗專家座談會》。

學會了以上系列科目，才算完成了我們培養結業后即能完全獨立登臺主持的培訓目標。四:專業婚禮主持人（婚慶司儀）培訓班教學模式：

專業婚禮主持人（婚慶司儀）培訓班采取定期開班，絕對保證每個學員的訓練時間，同時秉承因材施教，有針對性的一對一輔導的原則，整個教學均能享受到學校獨家創意的體驗式情景教學模式給您帶來的巨變。同時可以獲得經常到婚禮現場實習及觀摩的機會。本校鄭重承諾：包教包會，學會為止，本期學不會下期可免費重學。

五:專業婚禮主持人（婚慶司儀）培訓班結業證書：

專業婚禮主持人（婚慶司儀）畢業分筆試和現場模擬主持考試兩種，考試合格后頒發博思花藝婚慶管理培訓學校《結業證書》，另可申請考取河南省婚慶協會加蓋鋼印的《主持人職業資格證書》。

六:參加司儀培訓流程：

網上咨詢（電話）——預約試聽——來校試聽（可免費試聽一節的課程）——熟悉學校環境——辦理報名手續——領取教材資料——食宿安排——參加培訓

七:畢業及就業：

1.各地婚慶、商務主持人才奇缺，畢業就可以就業；

2.可做自由或者兼職職業人士；

3.擇優錄用為本公司及全國各地加盟店簽約婚禮主持人；

4.推薦到其他簽約的婚慶公司兼職就業。

溫馨提示

婚禮主持人班學員入學時請攜帶以下物品：

1.兩寸免冠照片6張與身份證

2.洗漱用品、睡衣拖鞋

3.照相機（觀摩和實習時使用）

4.換洗衣物（男士可帶一套正裝，女士可帶一套禮服，

第五篇：北大校長演講

北大校長演講.txt33學會寬容，意味著成長，秀木出木可吸納更多的日月風華，舒展茁壯而更具成熟的力量。耐力，是一種不顯山石露水的執著；是一種不懼風不畏雨的堅忍；是一種不圖名不圖利的忠誠。《就任北京大學校長之演說》教案

1【積累?整合】

關于演說

演說在某種意義上，可以說是語言的藝術，它的歷史與人類文明的歷史一樣，源遠而流長。兩千年前，古希臘哲學家、美學家亞里士多德寫了具有劃時代意義的經典著作《修辭學》一書，詳細地闡述了修辭的藝術，告訴我們如何運用語言的魅力影響聽眾的思想，進而影響其行為。演說以其撼人的感召力，世代沿襲，風靡于世界，不僅成為文明的一種標志，也成為現代政治角逐、商業競爭甚至于日常生活中不可或缺少的一個組成部分。二戰時期坐輪椅的美國總統羅斯福曾拖著殘疾的身體巡回演說，讓美國人民了解了他的思想。

演說是面對觀眾，這就使演說的內容即演說詞受到些限制。首先，內容上要有針對性，要注意聽眾的身分，研究聽眾的愿望，講大家最關心和迫切需要解決的問題，做到有地放矢。其次，中心要突出，因為聽眾是聽，而不是看，演說詞要便于聽眾理清演說的思路，抓住演說的中心，理解演說的思想。再次，演說詞要富于感情，這是與聽眾直接交流的一種方式，感情應是真摯的，不能張口訓人，也不能眾取寵，要打動聽眾的心靈，引起聽眾的共鳴。演說詞還要在事例的選取、語言的加工上下一番功夫。

蔡元培先生一生著作等身，為海內外學人所敬仰；演說無數，演說詞也成為極具閱讀價值的文本。《蔡元培講演集（NEW）》（馬燕編）收集他的演講詞九十篇。作為一個革命家、思想家，他在演說中的教育思想正體現了中國近現代社會轉型期的時代特色，他的演說可謂高屋建瓴。通過閱讀，我們可以體會到他在教育、美學、文學、藝術、音樂等方面的廣博知識。教育方面的演說詞占很大比重，除了《就任北京大學校長之演說》外，還為北大寫了《北大二十周年紀念會演說詞》、《北大校役夜班開學式演說詞》、《北大新聞學研究會成立演說詞等》。在演說錄集中我們看到，蔡元培先生對中國教育的貢獻并不僅僅停留在思想的層面上，更在于他提出并實施了許多具有深遠意義的主張和措施。從他的演說詞中，我們感受到一名學者和思想家的包容性的襟懷及坦蕩無私的崇高境界。

橋邊紅藥 18:56:59

【感受?鑒賞】

《就任北京大學校長之演說》是一篇淺易的文言演說詞。它具有優秀的演說詞的特點，同時又能體現出蔡元培先生先進的教學思想。

1．作為演說詞的特點

本文在行文結構上開門見山，接觸正題，以校長的身份，提出對學生約法三章，層層深入，說明了演說的意圖，都直接關系到學生以至于學校的前途，有針對性，能抓住聽眾的心理。每天段的開頭句都是該段的中心句，不旁逸斜出，便于聽眾把握演說的要領，并能引發聽眾的思考。演說的內容做到了中心明確，主張什么．反對什么，講得清楚明白，有一定的感召力，能給聽眾留下深刻的印象，引起強烈的反響。在語言上，沒有生僻詞語，雖是淺易文言文，但由于多用短句，并不覺得晦澀，相反對于北大學生這樣的聽眾來說，更是言簡意賅，令人回味；，有些口語富有表現力，能引起聽眾的興趣。嚴肅中還有體帖，可謂語重心長。

2．內容上的特點

在行文過程中，作者不避矛盾，雖寥寥幾語，可對現實的分析卻精辟透徹。可見作者對北京及北京大學的了解程度，并在任職伊始，就指出了北京大學的發展方面。作者在接任校長的職位之前，就向湯爾和先生，了解了北京大學的情況，所以確定第一要改革的，是學生的觀

念，要求學生學實際知識，放開學生的思想，讓其自由健康地成長。為了達到這一目標，在不到十天的日子里，就聘語積學而熱心的陳獨秀先生，解聘不稱職教師，讓學生乃至于社會看到了改革他改革的決心和力度。作者針對北京社會的“風俗日偷，道德淪喪”的現狀，對學生提出了德育的新要求，做到了有的放矢。希望學生在污濁的社會環境中能夠修心養性，能以天下為己任，經身作責，擔當起撥亂反正的歷史使命。對敬愛師友的要求，可以看作是品德教育的另一側面。顯然只有這樣，才會在北京大學形成一個良好的求學環境，才能形成良好的校風。

3．關于圖書一事。

蔡元培先生一貫對圖書和圖書館有著深厚的感情。他曾在中國科學社明復圖書館開幕及中國版本展覽會開幕典禮上致詞，強調科學家對于圖書的重視。在他的心目中，圖書館是學校之外的最重要的教育機構。在任職演說上，他就把充實圖書館做為一項重要的工作納入改革的日程中。且在書籍的內容上也做了說明，這和他推行的著名的“思想自由、兼容并包”的治校原則是分不開的。學生可以通過具有先進思想的新出的書籍更新舊的觀念，也利于學生對知識的深入研究。在任職后，他曾親自為圖書館籌募資金，開源節流，以購圖書，還曾向社會倡導圖書館向社會開放。可見，蔡元培先生對圖書館的一往情深。

【思考?探究】

《就任北京大學校長之演說》的社會意義和哲學意義

蔡元培先生在就北大校長任職演說中，對學生約法三章，對他以后在北大的改革，起著舉足輕重的作用。他所創造出一系列行之有效的,迄今尚有很高現實意義的教學理念，具有長久不衰的生命力。直到現在，把這篇演說詞選到高中課本，仍有一定的現實意義，有種于高中生遠離世俗的侵擾，樹立正確的世界觀。

在現代文明高度發展的今天，人們對物質種益的追求越來越強烈。“天下熙熙，皆為利來；天下攘攘，皆為名往。”在一部分高中生的眼中，考大學還是擺脫現實的困窘升官發財的一條捷徑，花苦功夫只為考個好大學，使自己有個好前程。不僅在學生中，即使教師在對學生教育中，也會隱約流露出這樣的思想傾向。而部分大學不再把追求高深學問作為它的目標，學校里人文課程被功利主義者嗤之以鼻，不予重視。學校沒有一個好的導向，勢必會對學生誤導，使他們通過學校對社會有了一鱗半爪的了解。

自實施素質教育以來，全國各學校似乎都把對學生的德育教育放到一個重要的位置，一時之間，德育教育像是成了學校教育的一個重要課題。但事實上，很多學校對學生還是側重于知識的傳受，把升學率看做是最重要的問題，而對學生的德行教育還是流于形式，背離了使學生全面發展的教育方針。由于學校疏于管理，很多學生貪圖享樂，寬松了對自己要求。一些不法分子常常在學校附近開網吧等娛樂場所，使學生沉溺于其中，荒費了學業，甚至造成了嚴重的后果。

現在的學生多是獨生子，多是家中的小皇帝，很多學生很自私，有唯我獨尊的性格特點。在家眼里沒有父母，把父母看成是自己的奴仆。在校眼里沒有師長，在老師批評時以怒目相對，對同學，合得來的講哥們義氣，合不來的動輒以打罵解決問題。在近些天，常有校園或與學生有關的家庭惡性事件發生，造成極壞的影響。

由此看來，蔡元培先生的這篇演說詞還在為中國教育敲著警鐘。

【拓展?延伸】

1998年戊戌變法失敗，蔡元培先生看清了中國的現狀，清醒得認識到，要想變革必須先行培養人才，于是他走上了倡導教育救國的道路。他先后在多所大學從事教育工作，推行先進的教育方針政策，力圖打破封建主義堅固的落后教育堡壘，培養對社會發展有利的人才。在1916年12月蔡元培被任命為北大校長之前，北大已換過五任校長，并未能改變北大的局面，許多人勸他不要就任，以免因改造不好而于聲名有礙，但他毅然赴任，于1916－1926年任北京大

學校長（實際1923年離北大）。在任職演說中，對學生約法三章，銳意改革。他首先整頓了教師隊伍，就職不到十天，就聘請陳獨秀為文科學長，之后又積極聘請學識淵博且思想進步的劉半農、魯迅等加入北大行列。對不稱職的教師堅決辭退，不予任用。其次蔡元培先生樹立了良好校風，要求學生“以研究學術為天職”鼓勵學生多方學習，形成自己富于個性的獨特思想，形成了獨立進行專業研究的能力。再次，他還實行了開放性辦學的方式，打破“男女授受不親的古訓，接收女學生，這是男女同校的開始。

就在作者任職兩年半之后的1919看，他曾寫宣言〈〈我絕對不再做那政府任命的校長〉〉，一度要求辭職。辭職理由有三點：第一，校長的身分為半官僚性質，于是生出許多官僚的關系，有著無數的繁文縟節，受管制太多，令人痛苦；第二，無法達到思想的自由，北京大學，向來受舊思想的約束，令人窒息，對新思想如同對待“洪水猛獸”，強行干涉；第三，北京正是風俗日偷，道德淪喪的社會，將人沾染上污濁。蔡元培先生雖然態度堅決，但并未能辭去北京大學校長的職務，因為北京大學離不開他。在幾年的時間里，蔡元培先生以他先進的教學思想、廣博的學識以及個性的人格魅力，打下了北大百年的基業，得到了廣泛的認可和贊譽。在“兼容并包、思想自由”教育方針的指導下，北大形成了前所未有的一種新局面。毛澤東尊稱他為“學界泰斗，人世楷模”。