第一篇：2010年考研英語應(yīng)用文小作文題型解析與

2010年考研英語應(yīng)用文小作文

應(yīng)用文寫作(小作文)

第一節(jié)命題分析

應(yīng)用文寫作是2005年大綱修訂之后出現(xiàn)的新題型，主要考查學(xué)生在某些特定的日常情境中英文的實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力。相對(duì)于大作文來說，應(yīng)用文的寫作還是比較容易完成的。但是在大約15分鐘內(nèi)按照題意寫出100詞的短文，考生不僅要能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)馗鶕?jù)給定情境迅速成文，而且也要有較高的語言能力。因此，在平時(shí)的準(zhǔn)備過程中，考生應(yīng)全面了解和掌握各種常見應(yīng)用文體的寫作格式、方法和特點(diǎn)，尤其是要熟悉各類文體的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型。

大綱中規(guī)定的應(yīng)用文文體的種類包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、摘要、報(bào)告等。鑒于考試的要求和實(shí)際情況，文章的長度以及文體應(yīng)用的廣泛程度，我們認(rèn)為應(yīng)用文寫作主要分為兩大類：信函類應(yīng)用文和告示類應(yīng)用文。其中信函類應(yīng)用文種類繁多、應(yīng)用廣泛，因此比較重要;告示類應(yīng)用文雖然寫法不同，但總體上的格式和要求是一致的，不能忽略其重要性。另外，應(yīng)用文寫作也有可能出現(xiàn)在平時(shí)的生活中，考生也要學(xué)會(huì)實(shí)際運(yùn)用。

應(yīng)用文的實(shí)際用途決定了其語言應(yīng)簡潔明了，但并不要求復(fù)雜多變、詞藻華麗。應(yīng)用文一般需要開門見山，一開始就明確地表達(dá)主要意思或目的;文章要求思路清晰，目標(biāo)明確，語氣恰當(dāng);尤其是公文信函中，一定要注意語言的正式和禮貌，遵循交際原則;最后還要注意細(xì)節(jié)，確保事件、數(shù)字、日期等信息的準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的正確使用。

第二節(jié)題型解析

信函類應(yīng)用文

書信是我們用以交涉事務(wù)、增進(jìn)了解、交流思想、聯(lián)絡(luò)感情的一個(gè)重要工具。就其文體可分為正式和非正式的文體;就其種類可分為私人信件、社交信件、商務(wù)信件和公務(wù)信件;就其用途可分為求職信、咨詢信、感謝信、投訴信、建議信、邀請(qǐng)信、推薦信等。這里先就書信的一般寫作格式加以介紹。

一封正規(guī)的英文書信的結(jié)構(gòu)或框架由以下五部分組成：

1.The Heading 信端 2.The Salutation 稱謂 3.The Body 正文 4.The Close 結(jié)尾

5.The Signature 簽名

下面分別對(duì)這五個(gè)部分進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析：

1.信端(或信頭)

信端是寫信是最先要寫的，也就是你的地址和寫信日期。當(dāng)然，如果你的長期通信地址收信人已知道，信端只寫日期也行。

寫信端時(shí)至少要離紙的邊緣三、四行開始寫，信端寫在信紙右上角。先寫發(fā)信人地址，第一行寫門牌號(hào)碼和街道名稱;第二行寫區(qū)名、市(縣)名、省(州)名;寄往國外的信，還要加上國家的名稱;第三行寫發(fā)信日期。

日期的寫法應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

(1)年份應(yīng)寫完整，不能以09代替2009;

(2)月份通常用縮寫形式(May, June, July除外);

(3)日期最好用基數(shù)詞，這樣簡單明了;

(4)如果都用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，一般順序是：日、月、年。

整個(gè)日期可用下列幾種表達(dá)方式：

Oct.15, 2009

15th Oct.2009 Oct.2009

注意：日期與年份之間總要用逗號(hào)隔開，但月份與日期之間不用逗號(hào)(全用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字除外)。

2.稱謂

信的稱謂是對(duì)收信人的尊稱語。一般在信紙的左邊頂格開始書寫，低于信內(nèi)地址一、二行;如果沒有信內(nèi)地址，就低與信端一、二行。

不管寫給何人的信都首先寫上Dear。給一般朋友的信，Dear 后跟名字，如Dear Mary;給母親的信，Dear 后跟稱謂，如 Dear Mother;給長輩親戚的信，Dear 后跟稱謂，如 Dear Uncle John;給不太相識(shí)的人寫信，Dear后跟先生、夫人、小姐等稱呼，再跟姓，如 Dear Mr.Brown, Dear Miss Jenny;如果不知對(duì)方姓名，可直接寫 Dear Sir或 Dear Madam，如連對(duì)方的性別都不知道，就寫 Dear Sir/Madam。

千萬不要根據(jù)漢語的習(xí)慣用下列稱呼，如 Dear Friend, Mr.Frank Smith等。

稱呼后一般用逗號(hào)，但美國和加拿大英語常用冒號(hào)。

3.正文

信的正文是一封信最重要的部分，它包含你要說的話或你的個(gè)人信息等。

信的正文在稱呼的下面一行，一般在信紙左邊五六個(gè)字母的空隙后開始寫。寫正文時(shí)，如果涉及的事務(wù)較多，可以分段敘述。每段開頭都要留空格，每句第一個(gè)字母都應(yīng)大寫。信的正文應(yīng)簡明扼要，條理清楚，語言通俗易懂。信的開頭語和結(jié)束語多種多樣。

常見的開頭語有：

I was so pleased to receive your letter...Thank you for your kind letter...Sorry for delaying this letter so long...常見的結(jié)束語有：

Best wishes to you.Take good care of yourself and write often.Our warm regards to your parents.4.結(jié)尾

信的結(jié)尾即在簽名前再一次表示敬意和問候。信的結(jié)尾寫在低于正文兩、三行的地方，大都從信紙中間偏右的位置寫起，只第一個(gè)字母大寫，句末應(yīng)用逗號(hào)。確切的措辭取決于書信的種類以及與收信人的友誼深淺和親昵程度。如果寫給一般相識(shí)，就不應(yīng)用“Devoutly yours，”或者“With deepest affection,”也不要用冷漠和正式的 “Very truly yours,”寫給一位很喜歡的老相識(shí)，結(jié)尾既不要過分使用華麗辭藻，也不可粗魯無禮，而是要恰到好處的用詞。

寫給專業(yè)人士的商務(wù)信函，一般用正式的社交語言結(jié)尾。如：“Very truly yours.”

一般非正式的社交信函，通常使用下列結(jié)尾：Sincerely yours, Yours very sincerely, Always sincerely yours, Yours cordially, Most cordially yours, Faithfully yours 等。

對(duì)于密友或親戚可以用這些結(jié)尾：Yours affectionately, Always affectionately yours, Lovingly yours, Yours Loving sister, With love 等。

至于情書，那要看愛情的深厚程度如何，可以用一般性的結(jié)尾“Fondly yours,” 也可用沖動(dòng)的 “Yours with the utmost devotion,”。

我們中國人用英語寫信，往往受漢語書信格式和語言的影響，所以要注意不要用中國式的結(jié)尾如 “I salute to you,” “Salute,”等。

5.簽名

寫信人將自己的名字簽在結(jié)尾的下面，偏向信紙的右邊，名字簽完一般要靠近右邊邊緣。簽名時(shí)要注意名字的拼法：一是不要帶有任何頭銜，二是中國人的姓名若是兩個(gè)漢字的名字，其拼音的首字母都要大寫，如 “Li Ming”(而現(xiàn)在最流行的寫法是姓氏的字母全都要大寫，如LI Ming, 以便讓人區(qū)別姓氏與名字);若是三個(gè)字的名字則第一、二個(gè)拼音字母大寫，第三個(gè)與第二個(gè)無間隔首字母小寫，如：“Liu Xiaoming”。

考研作文中沒有對(duì)英文信封的考查要求，故在此只作簡單介紹，作為考生的知識(shí)擴(kuò)充。英文信封的寫法與中文信封的寫法不同。發(fā)信人的地址應(yīng)寫在信封左上角，收信人的地址應(yīng)寫在信封中間。

以上是一般書信的寫作格式，下面我們列出一些具體信箋及其所需包含的內(nèi)容，以提供考生參照。1.投訴信(Letter of Complaints)

投訴信是針對(duì)某件不快樂的事情向責(zé)任人提出的投訴、抱怨等的信件，其寫作要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)首段開門見山指明所投訴的具體事件。

(2)接著將問題清晰、簡潔、公正地描述出來，指出事件給你帶來的不便。

(3)感謝對(duì)方關(guān)注你的投訴，清楚地表明你想如何得到解決，并期待對(duì)方盡早解決問題。

【例文1】

Directions:

Suppose you have been cheated by an advertisement in a magazine;write a letter of about 100 words to the government officer complaining about the bad effort the ad brought to you.Dear Gentlemen，Enclosed is an ad which appeared in a magazine for a device which support to cure back problems.Four months ago I mailed the money that ordered and soon received the device and instruction for its use.My mother followed these instructions to the letter.Not only did her back pain persist, but in soon began to worsen.After a month she stopped using the device and made an appointment with her doctor.“These devices are worthless,” he said, told the conpany of my experience, and asked for a refund.They didnt even respond.I wrote to the company, and told them of my mothers great pain to learn my lesson.I would hope that you could do something to put a stop to these deceptive ads and the continuing exploitation of other backache sufferers.Sincerely yours，F(xiàn)rank Smith

【例文2】

Directions:

Suppose you met a rude salesperson in a supermarket.Write to the sales manager of the supermarket to show your complaints.Dear Sales Manager，This letter is a complaint concerning the actions of your salespersons.On Thursday, May 2, 2004, around 3 p.m., I went to your store to look for an outfit.When I asked an available salesperson, Ms.Maria Johnson, for help in finding my size, she informed me that she was busy and that I would have to find it myself.I explained that the reason I came to her was because I couldnt find it.She then said in a rude tone that if I couldnt find it, it means that the store did not have it, and that I needed to look somewhere else.I felt that Ms.Johnson was rude and unnecessarily curt with me.If she could have simply and politely told me that she would be able to help me in moment.I hope that you will confront Ms.Johnson about her behavior.I shop frequently at your store and I look forward to a more pleasurable shopping experience next time.Sincerely Yours，Julia Taylor

I am writing to you because I need to complain to you about...寫這封信是想向你投訴??

I am sorry to point out the defect in the...對(duì)不起我得指出??的毛病。

We wish to make the following complaint to you and hope you can do something about it.我們想向你們投訴以下問題，希望你們能予以解決。

I was shocked to find...purchased on...at...by us didnt function well.我驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們??日在??地購買的??不好用。

I would appreciate it very much if you could give me the refund.如能退款，不勝感激。

I strongly insist that you change...as soon as possible.我強(qiáng)烈要求盡快換?? I am most reluctant to complain, but...我非常不愿意投訴，但??

One annoying aspect of your service is...你們的服務(wù)項(xiàng)目中一個(gè)令人不滿的地方是??

I have been pleased with your services for years, but now I feel very disappointed.多年來我一直很滿意你們的服務(wù)，但現(xiàn)在我非常失望。

I would like to draw your attention to the problem/fault...我想讓您知道這個(gè)問題/錯(cuò)誤??

I am writing to inform you that I find...unsatisfactory.我寫信是為了告訴你我發(fā)現(xiàn)??令人非常不滿意。I wish to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about...我想表達(dá)我對(duì)??的不滿/失望。

It would be highly appreciated if you could...如果你能??我將萬分感謝。

I trust you will take my complaints seriously and...我相信你會(huì)認(rèn)真對(duì)待我的投訴，并且?? I hope you will give due attention to this matter.希望對(duì)此事你能給予足夠的重視。

I would like to get this matter settled by the end of this month.我希望能在月底解決這事。

I could not be more satisfied if you can kindly...如果你能??我將會(huì)非常滿意。I would appreciate it very much if you could...如果你能??我將非常感謝。

2.咨詢信(Letter of Inquiry)

咨詢信的主要目的是尋求所需的信息或幫助，其寫作要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)首先要表明寫作意圖，說明寫這封信是為了尋求什么樣的信息或幫助。

(2)接著提出所咨詢的具體問題，強(qiáng)調(diào)獲得這個(gè)信息對(duì)自己的重要性。

(3)向?qū)Ψ奖硎菊嬲\的感激，表達(dá)獲取信息的強(qiáng)烈愿望，提供聯(lián)系方式。

【例文1】

Directions:

Suppose you are a store holder and want to purchase goods for Christmas sales.Write to a wholesaler to ask the detailed information of the available goods.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “George O.Justin” instead.Dear sir/Madam，Your advertisement in the latest edition of Buy Now caught my attention.I am particularly interested in your new line of gift merchandise.Since the Christmas season is near, we need to stock our inventory with items that will make appropriate gifts.Please send me your current holiday catalog of gift ideas, we are usually asked to stock items that worth $ 50 and under.We will also need to know your terms of payment, quantity prices, discount options and any special offers.We are also interested in how items will be shipped and the speed with which they can be delivered.Thank you for your assistance.Sincerely yours，George O.Justin

I am writing to you because I need to inquire you about...寫這封信是想向你咨詢??

I am sorry to bother you to inquire about...對(duì)不起打擾你向你詢問??

Your advertisement in...caught my attention.貴方刊登在??上的廣告吸引了我的注意。

I am particularly interested in...我對(duì)??十分感興趣。

It would be highly appreciated if you could...如果你能??我將萬分感謝。

I hope you will give due attention to this matter.希望對(duì)此事你能給予足夠的重視。3.道歉信(Letter of Apology)

道歉信是因某事向某人致歉的信件。其寫作要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)首先點(diǎn)明對(duì)因何事向收信人致歉。

(2)說明道歉的具體原因，表明自己對(duì)待該事的態(tài)度，及深刻的歉意。

(3)最后再次請(qǐng)求收信人的原諒。

【例文1】

Directions:

Suppose that a friend of yours, Wei Fang, came to visit you from Shanghai business yesterday when you were out.Now you are required to write a letter:

1)give your apology to her;

2)indicate the reason why you broke the appointment;

3)make another appointment with her.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Zhang Hong” instead.Dear Wei Fang，I am very sorry that I was out when you came to see me yesterday afternoon.The fact is that I had an engagement with some friends and, ignorant of your visit, accompanied them to the cinema.Since those friends and I havent met each other for quite a long time, we went to a friends home after the film was over and talked a lot.Therefore I didnt come back until nine oclock in the evening.You must have been disappointed by my absence.I hope you will not leave the city this week.I will call on you on Friday afternoon at four oclock.As this is the first time you come to Beijing, I will take you to some places of interest that may interest you if possible.Please wait for me in your hotel at the appointed time.Truly yours，Zhang Hong I would like to give you my apology for...對(duì)于??

我向你道歉。

Please accept my sincere apology for...請(qǐng)接受我關(guān)于??的真誠道歉。

I am indeed very sorry for what I said/did, but believe I had no intention to hurt you.對(duì)于我說過的話、做過的事，我確實(shí)感到很抱歉。但請(qǐng)相信，我并非要故意傷害你。

Lets not put a little misunderstanding between us.可別讓我們之間存在哪怕一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的誤解。

Please forgive me for a stupid choice of words.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业挠迷~不當(dāng)。

I feel badly sorry about it and want you to know what happened.我為此感到非常內(nèi)疚，所以想讓你知道實(shí)情。

Please allow me to say sorry again.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我再次表示歉意。

Please accept my apologies for my oversight.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业氖韬觥?/p>

I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.我真心希望你能理解我的處境，并接受我的道歉。

Once again, Im sorry for any inconvenience caused.再一次，我為所有的不便表示歉意。

4.感謝信(Letter of Thanks)

感謝信的主要目的是向收信人表明感激之情，其寫作要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)首先要表明寫作意圖，向?qū)Ψ奖硎菊\摯的謝意;

(2)簡要說明感謝的原因，語言要誠摯;

(3)官方感謝信須行文得體，非官方感謝信較隨意;

(4)結(jié)尾再次表明感激之情。

【例文1】

Directions:

Suppose youre a customer.After your shopping, you found yourself in trouble.The salesperson came and helped you.Write a letter to the manager to express your gratitude in about 100 words.Dear Mr.Wells，Our family has shopped at your supermarket for several years.The quality of the food has been consistently good, the prices reasonable, and the staff friendly and helpful.One of your employees is particularly outstanding, and I thought Id drop you a line and say a word on his behalf.Freddy, who bags groceries and brings them out to the car, frequently goes out of his way to help.Yesterday he had finished loading my car and was heading back to the store.I tried to pull out but found myself stuck in the snow.When he heard my wheels spinning, Freddy came back and gave me a push.That certainly beat calling a tow truck!

Its nice to find someone these days whos willing to go that extra mile to please a customer.That young man will go far in life.Truly yours，F(xiàn)rank Smith

I am writing to express my thanks for...我寫這封信是為了表達(dá)我對(duì)??的謝意。

Many thanks for your kind invitation.感謝你的邀請(qǐng)。

Thanks a lot for your nice present.非常感謝你精美的禮物。

Thank you ever so much for your warm wishes/greetings/compliments.非常感謝你溫馨的祝福/問候/祝賀。

It's very kind of you to have us over.謝謝你邀請(qǐng)我們過去。

We are indebted to you for your help.對(duì)于你們的幫助，我們表示深深的謝意。

Thank you so much for the gift you sent me.Its one of the most wonderful gifts I have ever got.非常感謝你給我寄來的禮物，這是我收到的最好的禮物之一。

I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely help and assistance.我謹(jǐn)借此機(jī)會(huì)感謝您給予我們的及時(shí)幫助和支持。

On behalf of my whole family, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for...我謹(jǐn)代表我全家對(duì)??表示真誠的感激之情。

Thanks again for your kind help.對(duì)你的幫助再次表示感謝。

Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories, we will remember them forever.沒什么能抹掉我們美好的記憶，我們會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)銘記在心。

Please accept my thanks, now and always.請(qǐng)永遠(yuǎn)記住我的謝意。

Your help is very much appreciated by each of us.我們每一個(gè)人都非常感謝你。

My true gratitude is beyond any words description.任何語言都不能表達(dá)我的真摯謝意。

Thank you again from the bottom of my heart.再次由衷地表示感謝。

5.邀請(qǐng)信(Invitation Letter)

邀請(qǐng)信是邀請(qǐng)某人參加某種儀式、會(huì)議等的應(yīng)用文，其寫作要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)開頭首先表明寫作意圖，向某人發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)，指明地點(diǎn)、日期、時(shí)間等要素。

(2)表達(dá)你渴望見到對(duì)方。如果是商務(wù)性質(zhì)的，注明時(shí)間、會(huì)議地點(diǎn)、發(fā)信主題、組織者、出席者等。留下聯(lián)系人的姓名、地址和電話號(hào)碼。

(3)表達(dá)你對(duì)被邀者能應(yīng)邀的愉快心情，并希望盡快得到回復(fù)。

【例文1】

Directions:

Write a letter to your former roommate in your university and invite him/her to visit your city during the summer vacation.You should write about 100 words.You dont need to write your own address.Dear Xiaobing，How are you getting on recently? I am wondering if you have made a definite plan for the coming summer holidays.If not, I wish you could come here and visit my city.My family are also glad to receive you as a popular guest in my home.My hometown is a very beautiful seashore city.There are many places of interest worthy of sightseeing.Besides, the local style food here is also wellknown.Dont you tell me in the letter that you have been dreaming of the sea? The place where I live is located near the sea.Every day you can walk on the seashore, pick up seashells and even enjoy swimming in the sea.Hoping to see you in my hometown as soon as possible.Yours，Li Ming I am writing to invite you to...我寫信是想邀請(qǐng)你?? I wonder if you can come...我在想你是否能來參加??

I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in...我想如果你能參加??將是一個(gè)非常好的主意。

Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to...你可以打電話通知我你是否能來??

Be sure to let me know if you can come.My whole family is very eager awaiting your arrival.請(qǐng)通知我你是否能來，我們?nèi)叶挤浅Ｅ瓮愕牡絹怼?/p>

We would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.我們非常高興地期待著你的到來。

I am looking forward to seeing you.我非常期待見到你。

My family and I would feel much honored if you would come.如果你能來，我們?nèi)叶紝⒏械讲粍贅s幸。

Please accept my invitation and let me know at your convenience as soon as possible.請(qǐng)接受我的邀請(qǐng)并盡早通知我。

6.求職信(Cover Letter)

求職信是向某一企業(yè)或事業(yè)單位發(fā)出的申請(qǐng)某一工作崗位的信件，其寫作要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)開門見山指出對(duì)自己所應(yīng)聘的職業(yè)崗位和技能的關(guān)注的興趣。要求包含與工作有關(guān)的恰當(dāng)信息。有時(shí)要指出招聘信息獲取的渠道。

(2)指出自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)和特長，以及與該崗位的關(guān)聯(lián)。所述情況要符合事實(shí)，態(tài)度切忌過冷或過熱。

(3)將自己的詳細(xì)聯(lián)系方式在信中說明。稱呼一定要用人名，而非職位。

(4)表明你渴望接受面試，以及表示愿意服從公司的工作分配安排。

【例文】

Directions:

Suppose you are a college student and you intend to work parttime during your vacation.In your letter, you are supposed to include the post you would like to apply for, your experience and your hobbies, etc.Dear Sir or Madam，I wish to apply for the position for a parttime assistant you advertised in Beijing Daily during the coming summer vacation.I am a student at Beijing University, which is only fiveminute walk from your firm.I feel that my qualifications and work experience make me a suitable candidate for the job, which, according to the advertisement, demands a multi lingual person with some experience.Chinese is my mother tongue, and I have a fair mastery of English.As a keen traveler, I have learned some Japanese and French, and I have acquired an understanding of the cultures of Japan and French.As for experience, I worked parttime as a waiter at a shop of Pizza Hut.Therefore, I am confident that you will find my service satisfactory.Incidentally, could you please inform me of the rate of payment?

I hope you will take my application into consideration favorably and entitle me to an interview at your convenience.I can be reached at 45268934.Thank you for your consideration of my application.I am looking forward to your reply and, eventually, meeting you.Sincerely Yours，John Gordon Your advertisement in...caught my attention.貴方刊登在??上的廣告吸引了我的注意。I am particularly interested in...我對(duì)??十分感興趣。

Please consider me for...請(qǐng)考慮我做??

I am sure to be as successful in...as I am in my college endeavors.由于我在大學(xué)期間的努力，我確信能夠成功地做??

It would be highly appreciated if you could...如果你能??我將萬分感謝。7.推薦信(Recommendation Letter)

推薦信是將某人向第三方做出介紹的信件，其寫作要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)推薦信的主要目的是寫信人向收信人推薦第三人做某事。

(2)開頭先寫明寫信意圖，并說明推薦人與被推薦人的關(guān)系。

(3)接著列舉推薦原因，介紹推薦人與被推薦人的關(guān)系，寫出被推薦人的專長和人格魅力。

(4)表明推薦人的態(tài)度，并表示感謝和期待。

【例文】

Directions:

William Black was your classmate and best friend.Please write to William Blacks new college and recommend him as a good student.Write about 100 words.Dear Madam，F(xiàn)or two years William Black was in my Sunday School class and during that time we became good friends.William is all boy on the baseball diamond and the soccer field, but also a serious student while in class.His attentive behavior in class and good sportsmanship at play are vital evidence of the loving home he comes from.He receives a lot of support balanced with prudent discipline.As the oldest of four children, he handles responsibility well.I'm certain William will adapt to his new school and make friends quickly.My only regret is that he and his family have moved so far away, I will miss the opportunity to watch him growing up to be the fine young man.Sincerely yours，F(xiàn)rank Smith

I am writing this letter to recommend...to your department.我寫這封信的目的是推薦??到貴部門。

This will introduce Mr....a good friend of mine who...I would be grateful for anything you could do for him to...這封信的目的是推薦我的好朋友??先生，他是??。為你對(duì)他所做的任何幫助，我將不勝感激。

My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond my words.對(duì)您慷慨的幫助我不勝感激。

I am very glad to recommend to you a student of mine, Mr./ Ms...., to be an ideal candidate for...If any further information about him / her is required, please let me know.我很高興推薦我的一位學(xué)生，??先生/女士，作為??職位的理想候選人。如果需要關(guān)于他/她的任何進(jìn)一步信息，請(qǐng)告知于我。

I am very glad to have this chance to write to you...很高興能有機(jī)會(huì)給您寫信??

The bearer of this is Mr.Wang whom I personally know to be a most deserving person for your position.這里介紹的王先生，我個(gè)人認(rèn)為是這個(gè)職位最理想的人選。

I take the pleasure in introducing Mr.Li to you.很高興能向您介紹李先生。

Thanks for your attention and hope to receive your reply.謝謝你的關(guān)注，希望能收到你的回復(fù)。

It would be appreciated if you can give her some help.如能蒙您幫忙將不勝感激。

I would be most grateful if you could lend due attention to this letter and contact me at...如您能對(duì)此信給予一定的關(guān)注并用??和我聯(lián)系，我將非常感激。

In addition, I want to express my sincere thanks for your attention.另外，真誠地感謝您的關(guān)注。

I have no hesitation in recommending sb.for the position of...毫不猶豫地推薦某人任??職位。

8.申請(qǐng)信(Application Letter)

申請(qǐng)信是向機(jī)構(gòu)、團(tuán)體或個(gè)人申請(qǐng)幫助、資金等的信件。其寫作要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)開門見山指出自己要申請(qǐng)的職位、學(xué)位或其他特別的要求。

(2)指出自己要申請(qǐng)的理由，并簡要介紹自己的學(xué)歷和工作經(jīng)歷等。(3)向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x，說明自己盼望所申請(qǐng)之事能夠得到允許的心情。【例文】

Directions:

Suppose you are a university student, write a letter to apply for a visa for the winter quarter, and want to get much more financial aid for your study.1)Describe your reason for the application.2)Explain why you are so eager to the financial funds.3)Show your appreciation to the admittance.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Mei Yang” instead.Dear sir，Thank you for your email and kind offer!Definitely, I would like to try to apply for a visa for the winter quarter.I understand that both you and Professor Black have tried very hard to help me with my situation and I appreciate your efforts.As it is true that nobody really knows why the visa officers refuse certain applicants and allow others, I have been told by several successful visa reapplicants that reapplying with a new I20 with a slightly different offer from the US schools would help.For example, a slight increase in financial aid and so on.I dont know whether this is something possible for you to consider for my situation.But I would really appreciate if you could consider some possibilities.I know that I have given you enough trouble and please ignore my request if it is too difficult for you to do.I will simply try my best to get my visa and come to your school.Sincerely yours，Mei Yang

I would like to try to apply for...我想要申請(qǐng)??

I understand that both you and Professor Black have tried very hard to help me with my situation and I appreciate your efforts.我知道你和布萊克教授已經(jīng)竭盡全力地幫助我，對(duì)此我十分感激。

I know that I have given you enough trouble and please ignore my request if it is too difficult for you to do.我知道我給你帶來了很多麻煩，如果這件事情對(duì)于你來說太困難，請(qǐng)忽略我的申請(qǐng)。9.建議信(Suggestion Letter)

建議信的目的是向人提出解決某事的建議，其寫作要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)開門見山指出要建議的事情。

(2)主題段落首先肯定對(duì)方的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，隨后指出不足和需要改進(jìn)之處。最后是針對(duì)不足之處提出具體建議或忠告，并指出這樣做的必要性。

(3)向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x，希望接受你的建議。如果需要，提供你的聯(lián)系方式。

【例文】

Directions:

Suppose one of your friends will go to Dalian for a visit.You now write to her/him and tell her/him your own opinions and give some advice in about 100 words.Do not use your own name, and use“Xiao Tong” instead.Dear Mary，I am very glad to hear that you are going to pay a visit to Dalian.Since you have onlyday stay here, I specially suggest you head for three scenic spots: they are Sun Asia Ocean World, the Coastal Road or Binhai Road and the Poles Aquarium.In the morning, you can take 15minute ride from Jiuzhou Holiday Inn to the Sun Asia Ocean World, the longest undersea tunnel aquarium in Asia, where you may feel as if you are among schools of various fish and enjoy the pleasure of dancing with them.There is a restaurant in the sea world where you can have a westernstyle snack, if you feel like it.Out of the Ocean World, the natural scenery of Binhai Road will extend its greetings to you.Along the road, you will come to Tiger Beach where the Poles Aquarium is located.There you will see the Poles animal world and will want to keep close to the animals.By the way, it is midautumn in Dalian and sometimes, it is nice and cool here, bring suitable clothes with you.Let me know the flight number, I will meet you at the airport.Looking forward to seeing you.Truly Yours，Xiao Tong

I am writing to express my views concerning...我寫信來是要表達(dá)有關(guān)??我的看法。

I feel that it would be beneficial if...我想如果你能??，可能會(huì)更好。

I would like to suggest that...我想建議??

You have asked for my advice with regard to...and I will try to make some suggestions.你問我有關(guān)??的事情，我會(huì)嘗試著提出一些建議。

It seems to me that you could...我認(rèn)為你可以??

I believe you will take my advice into account.我相信你會(huì)認(rèn)真考慮我的建議的。

I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.如果這方面有所改善我會(huì)非常開心的。

I will be ready for further discussing this matter into details.我時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著就此事進(jìn)行更詳盡的討論。If I were you，I would...如果我是你，我將??

I would recommend that...我想推薦??

It seems to me that you could...我認(rèn)為你可以??

I hope that you take my suggestions into serious consideration.我希望您能仔細(xì)考慮我的建議。

第二篇：考研英語應(yīng)用文(小作文)題型解析(五)感謝信

考研英語應(yīng)用文(小作文)題型解析(五)

感謝信(Letter of Thanks)

感謝信的主要目的是向收信人表明感激之情，其寫作要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)首先要表明寫作意圖，向?qū)Ψ奖硎菊\摯的謝意;

(2)簡要說明感謝的原因，語言要誠摯;

(3)官方感謝信須行文得體，非官方感謝信較隨意;

(4)結(jié)尾再次表明感激之情。

【例文1】

Directions:

Suppose youre a customer.After your shopping, you found yourself in trouble.The salesperson came and helped you.Write a letter to the manager to express your gratitude in about 100 words.Dear Mr.Wells,Our family has shopped at your supermarket for several years.The quality of the food has been consistently good, the prices reasonable, and the staff friendly and helpful.One of your employees is particularly outstanding, and I thought Id drop you a line and say a word on his behalf.Freddy, who bags groceries and brings them out to the car, frequently goes out of his way to help.Yesterday he had finished loading my car and was heading back to the store.I tried to pull out but found myself stuck in the snow.When he heard my wheels spinning, Freddy came back and gave me a push.That certainly beat calling a tow truck!

Its nice to find someone these days whos willing to go that extra mile to please a customer.That young man will go far in life.Truly yours,Frank Smith

I am writing to express my thanks for...我寫這封信是為了表達(dá)我對(duì)……的謝意。

Many thanks for your kind invitation.感謝你的邀請(qǐng)。

Thanks a lot for your nice present.非常感謝你精美的禮物。

Thank you ever so much for your warm wishes/greetings/compliments.非常感謝你溫馨的祝福/問候/祝賀。

It's very kind of you to have us over.謝謝你邀請(qǐng)我們過去。

We are indebted to you for your help.對(duì)于你們的幫助，我們表示深深的謝意。

Thank you so much for the gift you sent me.Its one of the most wonderful gifts I have ever got.非常感謝你給我寄來的禮物，這是我收到的最好的禮物之一。

I would like to take this opportunity to express my great appreciation for your timely help and assistance.我謹(jǐn)借此機(jī)會(huì)感謝您給予我們的及時(shí)幫助和支持。

On behalf of my whole family, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for...我謹(jǐn)代表我全家對(duì)……表示真誠的感激之情。

Thanks again for your kind help.對(duì)你的幫助再次表示感謝。

Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories, we will remember them forever.沒什么能抹掉我們美好的記憶，我們會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)銘記在心。

Please accept my thanks, now and always.請(qǐng)永遠(yuǎn)記住我的謝意。

Your help is very much appreciated by each of us.我們每一個(gè)人都非常感謝你。

My true gratitude is beyond any words description.任何語言都不能表達(dá)我的真摯謝意。

Thank you again from the bottom of my heart.再次由衷地表示感謝。

第三篇：考研英語應(yīng)用文(小作文)題型解析(四)道歉信

考研英語應(yīng)用文(小作文)題型解析(四)

道歉信(Letter of Apology)

道歉信是因某事向某人致歉的信件。其寫作要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)首先點(diǎn)明對(duì)因何事向收信人致歉。

(2)說明道歉的具體原因，表明自己對(duì)待該事的態(tài)度，及深刻的歉意。

(3)最后再次請(qǐng)求收信人的原諒。

【例文1】

Directions:

Suppose that a friend of yours, Wei Fang, came to visit you from Shanghai business yesterday when you were out.Now you are required to write a letter:

1)give your apology to her;

2)indicate the reason why you broke the appointment;

3)make another appointment with her.You should write about 100 words.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Zhang Hong” instead.Dear Wei Fang,I am very sorry that I was out when you came to see me yesterday afternoon.The fact is that I had an engagement with some friends and, ignorant of your visit, accompanied them to the cinema.Since those friends and I havent met each other for quite a long time, we went to a friends home after the film was over and talked a lot.Therefore I didnt come back until nine oclock in the evening.You must have been disappointed by my absence.I hope you will not leave the city this week.I will call on you on Friday afternoon at four oclock.As this is the first time you come to Beijing, I will take you to some places of interest that may interest you if possible.Please wait for me in your hotel at the appointed time.Truly yours,Zhang Hong

I would like to give you my apology for...對(duì)于??我向你道歉。

Please accept my sincere apology for...請(qǐng)接受我關(guān)于??的真誠道歉。

I am indeed very sorry for what I said/did, but believe I had no intention to hurt you.對(duì)于我說過的話、做過的事，我確實(shí)感到很抱歉。但請(qǐng)相信，我并非要故意傷害你。Lets not put a little misunderstanding between us.可別讓我們之間存在哪怕一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的誤解。

Please forgive me for a stupid choice of words.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业挠迷~不當(dāng)。

I feel badly sorry about it and want you to know what happened.我為此感到非常內(nèi)疚，所以想讓你知道實(shí)情。

Please allow me to say sorry again.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我再次表示歉意。

Please accept my apologies for my oversight.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫业氖韬觥?/p>

I sincerely hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.我真心希望你能理解我的處境，并接受我的道歉。

Once again, Im sorry for any inconvenience caused.再一次，我為所有的不便表示歉意。

第四篇：考研英語應(yīng)用文(小作文)題型解析(一)書信寫作格式

考研英語應(yīng)用文(小作文)題型解析(一)

應(yīng)用文寫作(小作文)

第一節(jié)命題分析

應(yīng)用文寫作是2005年大綱修訂之后出現(xiàn)的新題型，主要考查學(xué)生在某些特定的日常情境中英文的實(shí)際應(yīng)用能力。相對(duì)于大作文來說，應(yīng)用文的寫作還是比較容易完成的。但是在大約15分鐘內(nèi)按照題意寫出100詞的短文，考生不僅要能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)馗鶕?jù)給定情境迅速成文，而且也要有較高的語言能力。因此，在平時(shí)的準(zhǔn)備過程中，考生應(yīng)全面了解和掌握各種常見應(yīng)用文體的寫作格式、方法和特點(diǎn)，尤其是要熟悉各類文體的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和常用句型。大綱中規(guī)定的應(yīng)用文文體的種類包括私人和公務(wù)信函、備忘錄、摘要、報(bào)告等。鑒于考試的要求和實(shí)際情況，文章的長度以及文體應(yīng)用的廣泛程度，我們認(rèn)為應(yīng)用文寫作主要分為兩大類：信函類應(yīng)用文和告示類應(yīng)用文。其中信函類應(yīng)用文種類繁多、應(yīng)用廣泛，因此比較重要;告示類應(yīng)用文雖然寫法不同，但總體上的格式和要求是一致的，不能忽略其重要性。另外，應(yīng)用文寫作也有可能出現(xiàn)在平時(shí)的生活中，考生也要學(xué)會(huì)實(shí)際運(yùn)用。

應(yīng)用文的實(shí)際用途決定了其語言應(yīng)簡潔明了，但并不要求復(fù)雜多變、詞藻華麗。應(yīng)用文一般需要開門見山，一開始就明確地表達(dá)主要意思或目的;文章要求思路清晰，目標(biāo)明確，語氣恰當(dāng);尤其是公文信函中，一定要注意語言的正式和禮貌，遵循交際原則;最后還要注意細(xì)節(jié)，確保事件、數(shù)字、日期等信息的準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的正確使用。

第二節(jié)題型解析

一、信函類應(yīng)用文

書信是我們用以交涉事務(wù)、增進(jìn)了解、交流思想、聯(lián)絡(luò)感情的一個(gè)重要工具。就其文體可分為正式和非正式的文體;就其種類可分為私人信件、社交信件、商務(wù)信件和公務(wù)信件;就其用途可分為求職信、咨詢信、感謝信、投訴信、建議信、邀請(qǐng)信、推薦信等。這里先就書信的一般寫作格式加以介紹。

一封正規(guī)的英文書信的結(jié)構(gòu)或框架由以下五部分組成：

1.The Heading 信端

2.The Salutation 稱謂

3.The Body 正文

4.The Close 結(jié)尾

5.The Signature 簽名

下面分別對(duì)這五個(gè)部分進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析：

1.信端(或信頭)

信端是寫信是最先要寫的，也就是你的地址和寫信日期。當(dāng)然，如果你的長期通信地址收信人已知道，信端只寫日期也行。

寫信端時(shí)至少要離紙的邊緣三、四行開始寫，信端寫在信紙右上角。先寫發(fā)信人地址，第一行寫門牌號(hào)碼和街道名稱;第二行寫區(qū)名、市(縣)名、省(州)名;寄往國外的信，還要加上國家的名稱;第三行寫發(fā)信日期。

日期的寫法應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

(1)年份應(yīng)寫完整，不能以09代替2009;

(2)月份通常用縮寫形式(May, June, July除外);

(3)日期最好用基數(shù)詞，這樣簡單明了;

(4)如果都用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，一般順序是：日、月、年。

整個(gè)日期可用下列幾種表達(dá)方式：

Oct.15, 2009

15th Oct.2009Oct.2009

注意：日期與年份之間總要用逗號(hào)隔開，但月份與日期之間不用逗號(hào)(全用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字除外)。

2.稱謂

信的稱謂是對(duì)收信人的尊稱語。一般在信紙的左邊頂格開始書寫，低于信內(nèi)地址一、二行;如果沒有信內(nèi)地址，就低與信端一、二行。

不管寫給何人的信都首先寫上Dear。給一般朋友的信，Dear 后跟名字，如Dear Mary;給母親的信，Dear 后跟稱謂，如 Dear Mother;給長輩親戚的信，Dear 后跟稱謂，如 Dear Uncle John;給不太相識(shí)的人寫信，Dear后跟先生、夫人、小姐等稱呼，再跟姓，如 Dear Mr.Brown, Dear Miss Jenny;如果不知對(duì)方姓名，可直接寫 Dear Sir或 Dear Madam，如連對(duì)方的性別都不知道，就寫 Dear Sir/Madam。

千萬不要根據(jù)漢語的習(xí)慣用下列稱呼，如 Dear Friend, Mr.Frank Smith等。稱呼后一般用逗號(hào)，但美國和加拿大英語常用冒號(hào)。

3.正文

信的正文是一封信最重要的部分，它包含你要說的話或你的個(gè)人信息等。

信的正文在稱呼的下面一行，一般在信紙左邊五六個(gè)字母的空隙后開始寫。寫正文時(shí)，如果涉及的事務(wù)較多，可以分段敘述。每段開頭都要留空格，每句第一個(gè)字母都應(yīng)大寫。信的正文應(yīng)簡明扼要，條理清楚，語言通俗易懂。信的開頭語和結(jié)束語多種多樣。常見的開頭語有：

I was so pleased to receive your letter...Thank you for your kind letter...Sorry for delaying this letter so long...常見的結(jié)束語有：

Best wishes to you.Take good care of yourself and write often.Our warm regards to your parents.4.結(jié)尾

信的結(jié)尾即在簽名前再一次表示敬意和問候。信的結(jié)尾寫在低于正文兩、三行的地方，大都從信紙中間偏右的位置寫起，只第一個(gè)字母大寫，句末應(yīng)用逗號(hào)。確切的措辭取決于書信的種類以及與收信人的友誼深淺和親昵程度。如果寫給一般相識(shí)，就不應(yīng)用“Devoutly yours，”或者“With deepest affection,”也不要用冷漠和正式的 “Very truly yours,”寫給一位很喜歡的老相識(shí)，結(jié)尾既不要過分使用華麗辭藻，也不可粗魯無禮，而是要恰到好處的用詞。

寫給專業(yè)人士的商務(wù)信函，一般用正式的社交語言結(jié)尾。如：“Very truly yours.”一般非正式的社交信函，通常使用下列結(jié)尾：Sincerely yours, Yours very sincerely, Always sincerely yours, Yours cordially, Most cordially yours, Faithfully yours 等。對(duì)于密友或親戚可以用這些結(jié)尾：Yours affectionately, Always affectionately yours, Lovingly yours, Yours Loving sister, With love 等。

至于情書，那要看愛情的深厚程度如何，可以用一般性的結(jié)尾“Fondly yours,” 也可用沖動(dòng)的 “Yours with the utmost devotion,”。

我們中國人用英語寫信，往往受漢語書信格式和語言的影響，所以要注意不要用中國式的結(jié)尾如 “I salute to you,” “Salute,”等。

5.簽名

寫信人將自己的名字簽在結(jié)尾的下面，偏向信紙的右邊，名字簽完一般要靠近右邊邊緣。簽名時(shí)要注意名字的拼法：一是不要帶有任何頭銜，二是中國人的姓名若是兩個(gè)漢字的名字，其拼音的首字母都要大寫，如 “Li Ming”(而現(xiàn)在最流行的寫法是姓氏的字母全都要大寫，如LI Ming, 以便讓人區(qū)別姓氏與名字);若是三個(gè)字的名字則第一、二個(gè)拼音字母大寫，第三個(gè)與第二個(gè)無間隔首字母小寫，如： “Liu Xiaoming”。

考研作文中沒有對(duì)英文信封的考查要求，故在此只作簡單介紹，作為考生的知識(shí)擴(kuò)充。英文信封的寫法與中文信封的寫法不同。發(fā)信人的地址應(yīng)寫在信封左上角，收信人的地址應(yīng)寫在信封中間。

第五篇：考研英語作文應(yīng)用文萬能

2011考研英語作文應(yīng)用文萬能模板：辭職信

辭職信模板1：

Dear __________.,I am writing to inform you about the decision to resign from my current position.There are a few factors involved.First and foremost, __________.Secondly, __________..Last but not last, __________..I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude for the rewarding experience that I have enjoyed during my employment.I sincerely wish you could approve of my resignation, and I apologize in advance for any inconvenience thus caused.Sincerely yours,Li Ming

辭職信模板2：

Dear__________,I am sure it will come as no surprise that I wish to resign my position as __________.Though I have enjoyed working with you and other colleagues in the company / organization, there are a few reasons that force me to give up my current work.For one thing, __________.For another, __________.Moreover / Besides / In addition, __________.I appreciate the plenty of help and encouragement from you constantly, and I am very sorry for any inconvenience thus caused.I promise that I will stay through the next month to help you find a replacement for my position.Sincerely yours,Li Ming

2011考研英語作文應(yīng)用文萬能模板：請(qǐng)求信

請(qǐng)求信模板1：

Dear _________，My name is _________, and I am _________.I have made up my mind to write to you in the hope that you can furnish me with the information regarding _________.At the present I am preparing / doing _________, and am in lack of _________that is crucial for the work / project / program.Therefore, it would be of great help if I can have your help for _________.Please get back to me at your earliest convenience as I have to _________soon.I am praying for your reply with full appreciation.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

請(qǐng)求信模板2：

Dear _________，I am _________.I’d like to ask if you have _________/ can provide me with the information of.The reasons for my urgent need of _________ are as follows: 1)_________;2)_________;3)_________Therefore, I will be much obliged if you can help me _________.Please feel free to call me at _________for further questions.Thank you for your time and patience, and I look forward to your prompt reply.2011考研英語作文應(yīng)用文萬能模板：建議信

建議信模板1：

Dear _________，I am very glad to hear that you want to seek some suggestions about_________in order to_________.From my point of view, _________.Also, to you, I highly recommend that _________.On the one hand,_________.On the other hand, _________.Besides, it is unnecessary for you to _________.Consequently, I believe that _________.I hope that my opinions are of help to you, and please feel free to contact me for more questions.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

建議信模板2：

Dear ____，I am writing to express my views concerning ________.In the first place, I would like to say thank you for the help and everything else you have been offering to us.Meanwhile, I also want to make some advice to better _________.Firstly, we have found that ________.Secondly, we want to ________.Finally, we hope that __________.I am looking forwards to your consideration about my proposals.Thanks in advance for that.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

求職信模板1：

To Whom It May Concern,I have learnt from yesterday’s newspaper that you are employing ________.I wish to be considered as an applicant for the position, and beg to state my qualifications as follows:

I am ________ years old, a ________ major student of ________ University / College.During my academic years, I have shown excellent performance and have been awarded first-class scholarship each year.In addition to my educational background, I have the rich work experience in the fields of ________.Therefore, I believe I can be of value to your company.Enclosed is my resume for your reference, and I shall be glad to call at your office if you desire an interview.Thank you.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

求職信模板1：

To Whom It May Concern,I have learnt from yesterday’s newspaper that you are employing.I wish to be considered as an applicant for the position, and beg to state my qualifications as follows:

I am ________ years old, a ________ major student of ________University / College.During my academic years, I have shown excellent performance and have been awarded first-class scholarship each year.In addition to my educational background, I have the rich work experience in the fields of________.Therefore, I believe I can be of value to your company.Enclosed is my resume for your reference, and I shall be glad to call at your office if you desire an interview.Thank you.Yours sincerely,Li Ming

求職信模板3：

Dear __________，I learned from my university BBS that there is a vacancy for __________ , a position which I am very interested in.I am a senior student from __________ University, majoring in __________.Under the influence of the courses I have taken, I develop a special interest in __________.Moreover, I have attained a fair knowledge and experience in this field due to my internship at __________.It seems to me that all these have prepared me ideally for the role of__________in such a company as yours.For further information please refer to my attached resume.I should be please to attend for an interview at your convenience.Yours sincerely,Li Ming