第一篇：河南省鄭州市2018年高中畢業年級第二次質量預測理科綜合生物部分(word含答案)

河南省鄭州市2018年高中畢業年級第二次質量預測

理科綜合試題卷（生物部分）

一、選擇題：共36分。

1.下列有關DNA和RNA的敘述正確的是

A.細菌的遺傳物質是DNA和RNA，病毒的遺傳物質是DNA或RNA B.轉錄過程遵循堿基互補配對原則，形成的RNA分子中則無堿基互補配對現象 C.同一種tRNA分子在不同細胞中轉運的氨基酸不同 D.相同的DNA分子轉錄產物可能不同

2.下列關于人體內成熟紅細胞的描述，正確的是

A.可以通過無絲分裂進行增殖

B.能產生ATP的場所有細胞質基質和線粒體

C.紅細胞中血紅蛋白的形成是細胞核內基因選擇性表達的結果 D.在蒸餾水中，其吸水能力逐漸增強，以致于發生破裂

3.紅細胞膜中的Na+/K+-APTase(ATP水解酶)的功能是水解ATP吸收K+。用一定的技術手段將紅細胞細胞質置換成高濃度的K+溶液，并將其置于極高濃度Na+的環境中，就發生了如下圖所示的生理過程。下列相關敘述錯誤的是

A.實驗過程Na+、K+離子跨膜運輸應該屬于主動運輸 B.上述生理過程還需要ADP和Pi C.該實驗過程中離子濃度梯度驅動了ATP的形成

D.該實驗證明了，不同環境條件下，同一種酶既可以催化ATP的水解，也可以催化ATP的合成 4.下圖為神經骨骼肌接頭亞顯微結構圖(相當于突觸)，下列分析錯誤的是

A.興奮在神經骨骼肌接頭處單向傳遞 B.神經遞質的釋放屬于胞吐

C.神經遞質在突觸間隙中的移動消耗ATP D.突觸小體是由軸突末梢經過多次分支，最后每個分支末端膨大形成的結構

5.下列有關植物體內生長素的敘述，錯誤的是

A.其合成的前體物質為色氨酸

B.既能防止落花落果，也能疏花疏果，這是其生理作用兩重性的表現

C.光照能影響胚芽鞘尖端生長素的分布，但不能影響瓊脂塊中生長素的分布

D.其含量增高時，會促進乙烯的合成，二者通過協同作用共同調節植物的生長

6.玉米的某一性狀有野生型和突變型，由一對基因B、b控制，雜合子中有87.5%的個體表現為突變型。某一個玉米群體自交，F1中出現兩種表現型。下列有關分析錯誤的是

A.F1的基因頻率與親本相比不會發生改變 B.親本可均為突變型

C.F1中的雜合子自交后代突變型︰野生型=11︰5 D.F1自由交配產生的F2中，突變型與野生型的比例不會發生改變

二、非選擇題：(一)必考題：共39分。29.(9分)下圖為線粒體中蛋白質來源示意圖，據此回答下列問題：

(1)基因指導蛋白質合成過程中，在線粒 1 體與細胞核中均可以發生的過程是＿＿＿＿＿，核糖體蛋白質合成場所是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。(2)由圖可知，氨酰一tRNA合成酶的作用是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。線粒體DNA缺陷會導致某些疾病這些疾病只能通過＿＿＿＿＿傳給后代。人們常將線粒體、葉綠體稱為半自主性遺傳的細胞器，結合上圖，分析其原因是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。(3)以下圖中的兩個氨基酸(分別稱為R1和R2)合成二肽時，脫水縮合會形成＿＿＿種二肽化合物，因此在人工合成蛋白質時，需要先對相應氨基酸的氨基或羧基采取保護，再讓“正確”的氨基和羧基之間發生脫水縮合，最后去掉第一步的保護得到所需的產物。

每條肽鏈的一端有1個游離的氨基(稱為多肽鏈的N端)，另一端有1個游離的羧基(稱為多肽鏈的C端)。如果想讓R1成為二肽的N端需要先對R1的＿＿＿＿＿(填“氨基”或“羧基”)進行保護，再讓R1與R2進行反應。

30.(7分)某菠菜兩個品種葉綠素含量、RuBP羧化酶(催化C5固定CO2)的活性關系如下表。下圖顯示表示兩者在不同光照強度下的O2釋放速率。由此回答下列問題：

(1)在測量葉綠素相對含量之前需要對色素進行提取，其原理是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

(2)有同學提出品種2葉綠素含量約是品種1的2倍故品種2光合作用速率應該強于品種1。這種說法對嗎?請你說明理由：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

(3)光照強度低于P時，品種1光反應強度＿＿＿＿＿（“大于”或“等于”或者“小于”)品種2，光照強度高于P時，限制品種1光合速率的主要環境因素是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

31.(11分)動物進食時胰液的分泌受神經和體液雙重調節，請回答下列問題。

(1)食物的形象、氣味等對口腔食管、胃和小腸的刺激，都可通過反射引起胰液分泌，其中咀嚼食物引起的胰液分泌屬于＿＿＿＿＿(填“條件”或“非條件”)反射。該反射的神經中樞＿＿＿＿＿(填“是”或“不是”)位于大腦皮層。

(2)當酸性食糜進入小腸后，可引起小腸上皮細胞分泌＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，運輸至＿＿＿＿＿胰腺，作用于胰腺細胞。

(3)研究人員為了研究某種藥物(PPI)對胰液分泌的影響，選取若干健康成年犬進行了相關的實驗。請補充完善實驗步驟，并對結果進行分析(PPI用生理鹽水配置，給藥方式為靜脈注射，劑量為50mL，每12h一次)。①將這些健康成年犬＿＿＿＿＿＿＿分為兩組并編號，A為對照組，B為實驗組。②＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。③各組每12h收集胰液一次，并測量胰液的分泌量，胰液中的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、總蛋白含量和pH值，結果如下表所示。

④實驗結果表明：PP對正常犬的胰腺外分泌功能有明顯的＿＿＿＿＿作用，主要表現為減少了胰液的分泌量，降低了胰液中的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、總蛋白的濃度和pH值。推測其作用機制可能是通過抑制胃內＿＿＿＿＿的分泌，從而間接地抑制了胰腺的外分泌功能。

32.(12分)果蠅的灰身(B)和黑身(b)、紅眼(R)和白眼(r)分別受一對等位基因控制。B、b基因位于常染色體上，R、r基因位于X染色體上。下表是雜交實驗結果：

(1)F1隨機交配，試推斷F2中紅眼、白眼果蠅的性別分別是＿＿＿＿＿和＿＿＿＿＿。

(2)現用純合的灰身紅眼雌果蠅與黑身白眼雄果蠅雜交，再讓F1個體間雜交得到F2。預期F2可能出現的基因型有＿＿＿＿＿種，雄性中黑身白眼的概率是＿＿＿＿＿。

(3)自然界中的果蠅雌雄個體中都有一些個體為黃翅，一些個體為灰翅，不知道黃翅和灰翅的顯隱關系，但已知該對性狀受一對等位基因控制。請你設計一個通過兩組雜交實驗(提示：一組為正交，一組反交)來判斷這對等位基因是位于常染色體上還是X染色體上的方案。

正反交實驗：正交＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿；反交＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ 實驗結果和結論：

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

(二)選考題：共15分。

37.[生物—選修1：生物技術實踐](15分)某些細菌能夠合成纖維素——細菌纖維素(一種新型生物材料)。為了獲得高產菌種，研究小組以木醋桿菌(一種好氧菌)為原始材料，擬通過紫外誘變的手段，篩選獲得高產菌株A。請回答下列問題

(1)與酵母菌相比，木醋桿菌在結構上的最大不同是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

(2)培養木醋桿菌的培養基中需要含有＿＿＿＿＿(填單糖名稱)，所起到的作用有＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。(3)用紫外線可誘導木醋桿菌發生＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，由于該變異＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，所以在篩選之前需要對誘變后的菌液進行富集培養(將特定微生物的數量比例不斷增高的一種培養方法)(4)從富集好的菌液中分離并計數所需菌種常用的方法是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿，木醋桿菌產生纖維素的同時還會產生葡萄糖酸，葡萄糖酸會和培養基中的碳酸鈣反應使培養基變透明，所以在加了碳酸鈣的固體培養基上，需要挑選菌落直徑/透明圈＿＿＿＿＿(填“較大”或“較小”)的菌落進行進一步的篩選。(5)可以用＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿方法對上一步挑選出來的菌落進行進一步的純化。該方法中，每次劃線前都要對接種環進行＿＿＿＿＿，冷卻后再從＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿開始劃線。

38.[生物——選修3：現代生物科技專題](15分)抗體的結構如右圖所示它有兩條H鏈和兩條L鏈組成。同一物種C區氨基酸序列恒定，不同抗體結合抗原的V區氨基酸序列有差異。(1)在生物體內，抗體是由＿＿＿＿＿細胞分泌的，該細胞可以來自于＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿增殖分化。

(2)傳統方法獲取抗體時，需要將相應的抗原反復注射到動物體內，從動物的＿＿＿＿＿中分離抗體。顯然，這種方法產生的抗體產量和純度等都很低，特異性差，單克隆抗體的出現，克服了傳統抗體的不足，單克隆抗體是指＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。(3)天然的抗體左右兩個V區結構完全相同，只能結合相同的抗原。通過一定技術手段可以得到雙功能抗體(又叫雙特異性抗體)，它的兩個V區能結合不同的抗原。制備雙功能抗體的基本方法如下：將能分泌抗體1的雜交瘤細胞(A細胞)與能分泌抗體2的淋巴細胞(B細胞)進行融合，形成可分泌兩種親代抗體和雜種抗體的雜種一雜交瘤細胞(A-B)。細胞融合時需要用＿＿＿＿＿＿＿、＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿或電刺激等方法誘導，融合后總共應該有＿＿＿＿＿種細胞(最多考慮兩兩融合)，用A、B字母表示出這些細胞組合＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。

(4)雙功能抗體在癌癥治療中可作為“生物導彈”：用其中一個V區識別癌細胞表面＿＿＿＿＿，用另一個V區將T細胞等殺傷細胞定向帶到癌細胞所在的位置，這里，T細胞對癌細胞的攻擊屬于＿＿＿＿＿免疫。(5)細胞融合方法得到的雙功能抗體，只是將兩個不同抗體的V區集中到了一個抗體上，人們無法改變V區的結構。通過＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿技術，可以對雙功能抗體的V區進行設計改造，使其更適合人類的需要。這種改造，最終還必須通過對＿＿＿＿＿分子的改造來完成。

第二篇：河南省鄭州市2018年高中畢業年級第二次質量預測理科綜合生物部分(word,含答案)

河南省鄭州市2018年高中畢業年級第二次質量預測

理科綜合試題卷（生物部分）

一、選擇題：本大題共13小題，每小題6分。在每小題給出的四個選項中，只有一項是符合題目要求的

1.下列有關DNA和RNA的敘述正確的是

A.細菌的遺傳物質是DNA和RNA，病毒的遺傳物質是DNA或RNA B.轉錄過程遵循堿基互補配對原則，形成的RNA分子中則無堿基互補配對現象 C.同一種tRNA分子在不同細胞中轉運的氨基酸不同 D.相同的DNA分子轉錄產物可能不同

2.下列關于人體內成熟紅細胞的描述，正確的是

A.可以通過無絲分裂進行增殖

B.能產生ATP的場所有細胞質基質和線粒體

C.紅細胞中血紅蛋白的形成是細胞核內基因選擇性表達的結果 D.在蒸餾水中，其吸水能力逐漸增強，以致于發生破裂

3.紅細胞膜中的Na+/K+-APTase(ATP水解酶)的功能是水解ATP吸收K+。用一定的技術手段將紅細胞細胞質置換成高濃度的K+溶液，并將其置于極高濃度Na+的環境中，就發生了如下圖所示的生理過程。下列相關敘述錯誤的是

A.實驗過程Na、K離子跨膜運輸應該屬于主動運輸 B.上述生理過程還需要ADP和Pi C.該實驗過程中離子濃度梯度驅動了ATP的形成

D.該實驗證明了，不同環境條件下，同一種酶既可以催化ATP的水解，也可以催化ATP的合成

4.下圖為神經骨骼肌接頭亞顯微結構圖(相當于突觸)，下列分析錯誤的是 ++

A.興奮在神經骨骼肌接頭處單向傳遞 B.神經遞質的釋放屬于胞吐

C.神經遞質在突觸間隙中的移動消耗ATP D.突觸小體是由軸突末梢經過多次分支，最后每個分支末端膨大形成的結構 5.下列有關植物體內生長素的敘述，錯誤的是

A.其合成的前體物質為色氨酸

B.既能防止落花落果，也能疏花疏果，這是其生理作用兩重性的表現

C.光照能影響胚芽鞘尖端生長素的分布，但不能影響瓊脂塊中生長素的分布 D.其含量增高時，會促進乙烯的合成，二者通過協同作用共同調節植物的生長

6.玉米的某一性狀有野生型和突變型，由一對基因B、b控制，雜合子中有87.5%的個體表現為突變型。某一個玉米群體自交，F1中出現兩種表現型。下列有關分析錯誤的是

A.F1的基因頻率與親本相比不會發生改變 B.親本可均為突變型

C.F1中的雜合子自交后代突變型︰野生型=11︰5 D.F1自由交配產生的F2中，突變型與野生型的比例不會發生改變

三、非選擇題：包括必考題和選考題兩部分。第22題~第32題為必考題，每個試題考生都必須做答。第33題~第38題為選考題，考生根據要求做答。(一)必考題：共129分。

29.(9分)下圖為線粒體中蛋白質來源示意圖，據此回答下列問題

(1)基因指導蛋白質合成過程中，在線粒體與細胞核中均可以發生的過程是_________，核糖體蛋白質合成場所是________。

(2)由圖可知，氨酰一tRNA合成酶的作用是_______。線粒體DNA缺陷會導致某些疾病這些疾病只能通過_________傳給后代。人們常將線粒體、葉綠體稱為半自主性遺傳的細胞器，結合上圖，分析其原因是________。

(3)以下圖中的兩個氨基酸(分別稱為R1和R2)合成二肽時，脫水縮合會形成_______種二肽化合物，因此在人工合成蛋白質時，需要先對相應氨基酸的氨基或羧基采取保護，再讓“正確”的氨基和羧基之間發生脫水縮合，最后去掉第一步的保護得到所需的產物

每條肽鏈的一端有1個游離的氨基(稱為多肽鏈的N端)，另一端有1個游離的羧基(稱為多肽鏈的C端)。如果想讓R1成為二肽的N端需要先對R1的____________(填“氨基”或“羧基”)進行保護，再讓R1與R2進行反應。

30.(7分)某菠菜兩個品種葉綠素含量、RuBP羧化酶(催化C5固定CO2)的活性關系如下表。下圖顯示表示兩者在不同光照強度下的O2釋放速率。由此回答下列問題：

(1)在測量葉綠素相對含量之前需要對色素進行提取，其原理是____________。

(2)有同學提出品種2葉綠素含量約是品種1的2倍故品種2光合作用速率應該強于品種1。這種說法對嗎?請你說明理由：________________________________________。(3)光照強度低于P時，品種1光反應強度________(“大于”或“等于”或者“小于”)品種2，光照強度高于P時，限制品種1光合速率的主要環境因素是____________。31.(11分)動物進食時胰液的分泌受神經和體液雙重調節，請回答下列問題。

(1)食物的形象、氣味等對口腔食管、胃和小腸的刺激，都可通過反射引起胰液分泌，其中咀嚼食物引起的胰液分泌屬于___________(填“條件”或“非條件”)反射。該反射的神經中樞__________(填“是”或“不是”)位于大腦皮層。

(2)當酸性食糜進入小腸后，可引起小腸上皮細胞分泌__________，運輸至__________胰腺，作用于胰腺細胞。

(3)研究人員為了研究某種藥物(PPI)對胰液分泌的影響，選取若干健康成年犬進行了相關的實驗。請補充完善實驗步驟，并對結果進行分析(PPI用生理鹽水配置，給藥方式為靜脈注射，劑量為50mL，每12h一次)。

①將這些健康成年犬____________分為兩組并編號，A為對照組，B為實驗組。②________________________。

③各組每12h收集胰液一次，并測量胰液的分泌量，胰液中的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、總蛋白含量和pH值，結果如下表所示。

④實驗結果表明：PP對正常犬的胰腺外分泌功能有明顯的__________作用，主要表現為減少了胰液的分泌量，降低了胰液中的淀粉酶、脂肪酶、總蛋白的濃度和pH值。推測其作用機制可能是通過抑制胃內________的分泌，從而間接地抑制了胰腺的外分泌功能 32.(12分)果蠅的灰身(B)和黑身(b)、紅眼(R)和白眼(r)分別受一對等位基因控制。B、b基因位于常染色體上，R、r基因位于X染色體上。下表是雜交實驗結果：

(1)F1隨機交配，試推斷F2中紅眼、白眼果蠅的性別分別是_________和_________。(2)現用純合的灰身紅眼雌果蠅與黑身白眼雄果蠅雜交，再讓F1個體間雜交得到F2。預期F2可能出現的基因型有_________種，雄性中黑身白眼的概率是________。

(3)自然界中的果蠅雌雄個體中都有一些個體為黃翅，一些個體為灰翅，不知道黃翅和灰翅的顯隱關系，但已知該對性狀受一對等位基因控制。請你設計一個通過兩組雜交實驗(提示：一組為正交，一組反交)來判斷這對等位基因是位于常染色體上還是X染色體上的方案。

正反交實驗：正交__________________；反交__________________ 實驗結果和結論：

________________________________________________________________________。(二)選考題：共45分。請考生從給出的2道物理題、2道化學題、2道生物題中每科任選一題作答，井用2B鉛筆在答題卡上把所選題目的題號涂黑，注意所做題目的題號必須與所涂題目的題號一致，在答題卡選答區域指定位置答題，如果多做，則每科按所做的第一題計分。

37.[生物—選修1：生物技術實踐](15分)某些細菌能夠合成纖維素——細菌纖維素(一種新型生物材料)。為了獲得高產菌種，研究小組以木醋桿菌(一種好氧菌)為原始材料，擬通過紫外誘變的手段，篩選獲得高產菌株A。請回答下列問題

(1)與酵母菌相比，木醋桿菌在結構上的最大不同是_________________。

(2)培養木醋桿菌的培養基中需要含有__________(填單糖名稱)，所起到的作用有__________。

(3)用紫外線可誘導木醋桿菌發生________，由于該變異_________，所以在篩選之前需要對誘變后的菌液進行富集培養(將特定微生物的數量比例不斷增高的一種培養方法)(4)從富集好的菌液中分離并計數所需菌種常用的方法是________，木醋桿菌產生纖維素的同時還會產生葡萄糖酸，葡萄糖酸會和培養基中的碳酸鈣反應使培養基變透明，所以在加了碳酸鈣的固體培養基上，需要挑選菌落直徑/透明圈________(填“較大”或“較小”)的菌落進行進一步的篩選。

(5)可以用_______方法對上一步挑選出來的菌落進行進一步的純化。該方法中，每次劃線前都要對接種環進行_______，冷卻后再從________開始劃線。38.[生物——選修3：現代生物科技專題](15分)抗體的結構如右圖所示它有兩條H鏈和兩條L鏈組成。同一物種C區氨基酸序列恒定，不同抗體結合抗原的V區氨基酸序列有差異。

(1)在生物體內，抗體是由____________細胞分泌的，該細胞可以來自于___________增殖分化。

(2)傳統方法獲取抗體時，需要將相應的抗原反復注射到動物體內，從動物的___________中分離抗體。顯然，這種方法產生的抗體產量和純度等都很低，特異性差，單克隆抗體的出現，克服了傳統抗體的不足，單克隆抗體是指___________。

(3)天然的抗體左右兩個V區結構完全相同，只能結合相同的抗原。通過一定技術手段可以得到雙功能抗體(又叫雙特異性抗體)，它的兩個V區能結合不同的抗原。制備雙功能抗體的基本方法如下：將能分泌抗體1的雜交瘤細胞(A細胞)與能分泌抗體2的淋巴細胞(B細胞)進行融合，形成可分泌兩種親代抗體和雜種抗體的雜種一雜交瘤細胞(A-B)。細胞融合時需要用__________、__________或電刺激等方法誘導，融合后總共應該有__________細胞(最多考慮兩兩融合)，用A、B字母表示出這些細胞組合_________。

(4)雙功能抗體在癌癥治療中可作為“生物導彈”：用其中一個V區識別癌細胞表面_________，用另一個V區將T細胞等殺傷細胞定向帶到癌細胞所在的位置，這里，T細胞對癌細胞的攻擊屬于__________免疫。

(5)細胞融合方法得到的雙功能抗體，只是將兩個不同抗體的V區集中到了一個抗體上，人們無法改變V區的結構。通過__________技術，可以對雙功能抗體的V區進行設計改造，使其更適合人類的需要。這種改造，最終還必須通過對__________分子的改造來完成。

第三篇：2015屆河南省鄭州市高中畢業年級第二次質量預測理科語文試卷F

1.古詩文名句填空積累（8分）

【小題1】春潮帶雨晚來急，________________。【小題2】______________，崔九堂前幾度聞。【小題3】當窗理云鬢，__________________。【小題4】________________，各領風騷數百年。【小題5】“________________，________________”《逢入京使》中的這兩句形象地寫出了詩人離開家鄉時對親人的難舍之情。【小題6】朋友對你的進步表現出吃驚的神情，你可以用《孫權勸學》中的“_______________，________________”來回應他。

2.古詩文名句默寫。（8分）【小題1】子在川上曰：“___________，不舍晝夜。”（《論語子罕》）【小題2】日月之行，若出其中；_________________，若出其里。（曹操《觀滄海》）【小題3】_______________，風正一帆懸。（王灣《次北固山下》）【小題4】_______________，禪房花木深。（常建《題破山寺后禪院》）【小題5】無可奈何花落去，__________________。（晏殊《浣溪沙》）【小題6】問渠那得清如許？________________（朱熹《觀書有感》）【小題7】李白《聞王昌齡左遷標遙有此寄》中的“________________，_________________”表達了作者對遠方朋友的思念。

1.大風 莫言

我家后面有一條彎彎曲曲的膠河，沿著高高的河堤向東北方向走七里左右路，就到了一片方圓數千畝的荒草甸子。每年夏天，爺爺都去那兒割草。我爺爺的鐮刀磨得快，割草技術高，割下來的草干凈，不拖泥帶水。

最早跟爺爺去荒草甸子割草，是剛過了七歲生日不久的一天。堤頂是一條灰白的小路，路的兩邊長滿野草，行人的腳壓迫得它們很瑟縮，但依然是生氣勃勃的。爺爺的步子輕悄悄的，走得不緊不慢，聽不到腳步聲。田野里絲線流蘇般的玉米纓兒，刀劍般的玉米葉兒，剛秀出的高粱穗兒，很結實的谷子尾巴，都在霧中時隱時現。河堤上的綠草葉兒上掛著亮晶晶 的露水珠兒，微微顫抖著，對我打著招呼。

田野里很寂靜，爺爺漫不經心地哼起歌子來： 一匹馬踏破了鐵甲連環 一桿槍殺敗了天下好漢 一碗酒消解了三代的冤情 一文錢難住了蓋世的英雄??

坦蕩蕩的曠野上緩慢地爬行著爺爺悲壯蒼涼的歌聲。聽著歌聲，我感到陡然間長大了不少，童年似乎就消逝在這條灰白的鑲著野草的河堤上。

他帶著我去找老茅草，老茅草含水少，干得快，牲口也愛吃。爺爺提著一把大鐮刀，我提著一柄小鐮刀，在一片茅草前蹲下來。“看我怎么割。”爺爺示范給我看。他并不認真教我，比畫了幾下子就低頭割他的草去了。他割草的姿勢很美，動作富有節奏。我試著割了幾下，很累，厭煩了，扔下鐮刀，追鳥捉螞蚱去了。不知何時，天上布滿了大塊的黑云

我幫著爺爺把草裝上車，小車像座小山包一樣。大堤彎彎曲曲，剛走出里把路，黑云就把太陽完全遮住了。天地之間沒有了界限，我竟然感到一種莫名的恐懼。回頭看爺爺，爺爺的臉木木的，一點表情也沒有。

河堤下的莊稼葉子忽然動了起來，但沒有聲音。河里也有平滑的波浪涌起，同樣沒有聲音。很高很遠的地方似乎傳來了世上沒有的聲音，天地之間變成紫色，還有撲鼻的干草氣息、野蒿子的苦味和野菊花幽幽的香氣。

在我們的前方，出現了一個黑色的、頂天立地的圓柱。圓柱飛速旋轉著，向我們逼過來，緊接著傳來沉悶如雷鳴的呼嚕聲。“爺爺，那是什么？” “風。”

爺爺淡淡地說：“使勁拉車吧，孩子。”說著，他彎下了腰。我們鉆進了風里，聽不到什么聲音，只感到有兩個大巴掌在使勁扇著耳門子，鼓膜嗡嗡地響。堤下的莊稼像接到命令的士兵，一齊倒伏下去。

爺爺雙手攥著車把，脊背繃得像一張弓。他的雙腿像釘子一樣釘在堤上，腿上的肌肉像樹根一樣條條棱棱地凸起來。風把車上半干不濕的茅草揪出來，揚起來，小車在哆嗦。爺爺的雙腿開始顫抖了，汗水從他背上流下來。

夕陽不動聲色地露出來，河里通紅通紅，像流動著冷冷的鐵水。莊稼慢慢地直起腰。爺爺像一尊青銅塑像一樣保持著用力的姿勢。我高呼著：“爺爺，風過去了。”

他慢慢地放下車子，費勁地直起腰，我看到他的手指都蜷曲著不能伸直了。風把我們車上的草全卷走了，不、還有一棵草夾在車梁的榫縫里。我把那棵草舉著給爺爺看，一根普通的老茅草，也不知是紅色還是綠色。“爺爺，就剩下一棵草了。”我有點懊喪地說． “天黑了，走吧。”爺爺說著，彎腰推起了小車。

我舉著那棵草，跟著爺爺走了一會兒，就把它隨手扔在堤下淡黃色的暮色中了。【小題1】莫言說：“我是一個講故事的人”，請用簡潔的語言分點概括本文的主要故事情節 【小題2】根據要求回答問題。

(1)“坦蕩蕩的曠野上緩慢地爬行著爺爺悲壯蒼涼的歌聲”一句中，“爬行”一詞表達上有什么作用？

（2）品味“我們鉆進了風里”一句中“鉆”的妙處。

【小題3】閱讀文中畫波浪線文字，結合全文說說爺爺是個怎樣的人。【小題4】文中畫直線的段落描寫了大風降臨前的情形，請簡要賞析。【小題5】小說中“我”這個人物形象有哪些作用？

2.讓文明素養追上現代化的腳步 李浩燃

①“海星被摸死！模型巨蜥的腳趾也被摸斷了！”最近一則微信廣泛傳播，從一個側面表明，開館不足一個月的上海自然博物館，陷入了喜憂參半的處境。博物館受公眾熱捧令人欣喜，但觀展過程中暴露出的不文明行為，又引人憂慮。②事實上，“海星被摸死”只是網上持續熱議的文明話題的一個新注腳。從埃及盧克索神廟浮雕到成都武侯祠《前出師表》石刻，“路培國”們的“到此一游”刻字，至今沒有絕跡；向空服人員潑面、攀爬紅軍雕塑照相，種種劣行仍然在各種場合上演。而一波未平一波又起的“成都女司機被打”事件，一些地方出現的當街暴打婦孺現象，更引來群情激憤。③無論是出境旅游的不良行為被媒體打“差評”，還是公路上的違章駕駛、危險飆車等，許多不文明現象，可說是腰包“鼓起來”、生活“闊起來”后遭遇的社會發展新課題。搭乘著城鎮化、現代化的時代快車，許多人逐步遠離了物質匱乏的窘迫，又渾然不覺地陷入了另一種窘境。“發展的列車匆匆駛過精神的站臺，現實的變化把心靈的地圖拋在身外。”充滿詩意的語言，道出了一些人“腦袋”輕于“口袋”、靈魂跟不上身體的尷尬狀態。如果從社會層面來思考，公民文明素養如何與現代化同步，精神文明如何與物質文明比翼齊飛，已經成為亟待破解的現實課題。④恩格斯說，“國家是文明社會的概括”。作為社會主義核心價值觀的一個關鍵詞匯，“文明”折射國家發展的境界、社會進步的狀態，是凝聚當代中國價值公約數的重要平臺。應當看到，文明不僅僅需要被喚醒，更應在制度設計層面體現軟硬結合、標本兼治。日前，繼《游客不文明行為記錄管理暫行辦法》正式施行近一個月后，國家旅游局公布首批全國游客不文明行為記錄。大鬧亞航、強行打開飛機應急艙門、攀爬紅軍雕塑照相等不文明事件的四個當事人被列入“黑名單”，便是一種積極的嘗試。懲惡揚善、久久為功，以不斷加大的外力強化約束，讓放縱自我、妨礙他人、侵害公序良俗的行為付出代價，方能防止“破窗效應”，變壓力為動力，促使文明變成公民的行為自覺與生活方式。

⑤看得見的硬傷容易修復，看不見的短板卻難補齊。羅馬不是一天建成的，文明也不可能一蹴而就。從不文明到文明，從文明的較低層次向較高層次遞進，自然需要一個“進化”的過程。從這個角度出發，我們也不應一味批評公民素質參差不齊，更當以每一次問題暴露為契機，優化管理方式、加強機制構建，真正從治理現代化的高度推進文明建設，依靠“制度文明”穩步提升“公民文明”，不斷推高全社會的文明水位。

⑥文明不是空洞浮泛的口號，仰賴一點一滴的踐行去成全。因此，與其做一個對不文明現象義憤填膺的“鍵盤俠”，莫如邁出堅實步伐，用雙手書寫文明的筆畫。你的文明，或許就存在于銀行ATM機的一米線旁，展現于人潮涌動的公交車站牌下，閃耀在川流不息的行車道中。如果說，遵守公共空間的秩序與規則是底線要求，那么，主動為別人著想、做社會關系的潤滑劑，則是更高境界。從這個意義出發，知行合一，做一個更加文明的公民，其實也是在打造一個更好的自己，過一種更值得過的生活。⑦一位西班牙作家說過，“禮貌是人類共處的金鑰匙”。文明是世間最動人的語言，一個視文明為陽光的國家、一個視德行如生命的民族，讓文明素養追趕上現代化的腳步，必將更富有魅力，也必能贏得真誠的尊重。【小題1】選文的中心論點是什么？

【小題2】選文前三段例舉眾多不文明現象有何目的？ 【小題3】文章第⑤段運用了哪種論證方法？有什么作用？

【小題4】在下邊橫線處按例句的結構樣式仿寫一組句子，使其上下文連貫。

你的文明，或許就存在于銀行ATM機的一米線旁，展現于人潮涌動的公交車站牌下，閃耀在川流不息的行車道中。你的文明，或許__________，__________。

【小題5】下列對文章內容的理解與分析不正確的一項是（）A．文章最后一段西班牙作家的話，強調了文明是公民交際中必須具備的素養。B．文章第⑤段加點的詞語呼應緊密，既對公民有寬容的心態，又從制度建設的高度指出了提高公民素養的路徑。C．“看得見的硬傷容易修復，看不見的短板卻難補齊。”這里的“短板”指的是公民素養的嚴重缺失。D．為了制止游客不文明行為，國家旅游局制定了《游客不文明行為記錄管理暫行辦法》，有了這個管理辦法，就能從根本上杜絕游客種種不文明現象。

1.閱讀下文，完成下題。

余幼好書，家貧難致。有張氏藏書甚富。往借，不與，歸而形諸夢。其切如是。故有所覽輒省記。通籍后，俸去書來，落落大滿，素蟫灰絲時蒙卷軸。然后嘆借者之用心專，而少時之歲月為可惜也!今黃生貧類予，其借書亦類予；惟予之公書與張氏之吝書若不相類。然則予固不幸而遇張乎，生固幸而遇予乎?知幸與不幸，則其讀書也必專，而其歸書也必速。【小題1】《黃生借書說》的作者是朝的（人名）。【小題2】用現代漢語翻譯下面的句子。往借，不與，歸而形諸夢。

【小題3】下列理解不正確的一項是（）A．選文表述了“知幸與不幸，則其讀書也必專，而其歸書也必速。”的觀點。B．作者感嘆“可惜”是因為在那段少時歲月，借書讀反而促使自己認真讀書。C．“若不相類”體現了“予之公書”與“張氏之吝書”的確是不一樣的。D．“固”解釋為“本來”，表明“幸”與“不幸”在一定條件下可以轉化。

2.閱讀文言文，完成第下題。

屈原至于江濱，被發行吟澤畔，顏色憔悴，形容枯槁。漁父見而問之曰：“子非三閭大夫歟？何故而至此？”屈原曰：“舉世混濁而我獨清，眾人皆醉而我獨醒，是以見放。”漁父曰：“夫圣人者，不凝滯于物而能與世推移。舉世混濁，何不隨其流而揚其波？眾人皆醉，何不哺其糟①而啜其醨②？何故懷瑾握瑜而自令見放為？”屈原曰：“吾聞之，新沐者必彈冠，新浴者必振衣。人又誰能以身之察察③，受物之汶汶④者乎？寧赴常流而葬乎江魚腹中耳，又安能以皓皓之白而蒙世之溫蠖⑤乎！” 乃作《懷沙》之賦。

于是懷石遂自投汨羅以死。屈原既死之后，楚有宋玉、唐勒、景差之徒者，皆好辭而以賦見稱。然皆祖屈原之從容辭令，終莫敢直諫。其后楚日以削，數十年竟為秦所滅。——《史記·屈原列傳》（節選）注釋：①糟：酒渣。②醨（lí）：薄酒。③察察：潔白的樣子。④汶（mén）汶：渾濁的樣子。⑤溫蠖（huò）：塵滓重積的樣子。【小題1】解釋下列句中加點的詞。（1）被發行吟澤畔（）（2）舉世混濁而我獨清（）（3）屈原既死之后（）（4）其后楚日以削（）

【小題2】下列加點詞的意義和用法都相同的一組是（）A．漁父見而問之曰輟耕之壟上（《陳涉世家》）B．眾人皆醉而我獨醒而吾以捕蛇獨存（《捕蛇者說》）C．皆好辭而以賦見稱不以物喜（《岳陽樓記》）D．數十年竟為秦所滅不足為外人道也（《桃花源記》）【小題3】翻譯下列句子。

（1）然皆祖屈原之從容辭令，終莫敢直諫。（2）一鼓作氣，再而衰，三而竭。（《曹劌論戰》）（3）退而甘食其土之有，以盡吾齒。（《捕蛇者說》）【小題4】屈原被流放的原因是（用原句回答）。屈原投江的原因是（用自己的話回答）。

1.閱讀下面古詩詞，完成小題。甘露寺多景樓① 曾鞏②

欲收嘉景此樓中，徙倚闌干四望通。云亂水光浮紫翠，天含山氣入青紅。一鐘唄③淮南月，萬里帆檣海外風。老去衣襟塵土在，只將心目羨冥鴻?。

【注釋】①多景樓：在今江蘇鎮江北固山甘露寺內。曾鞏中年后離鄉宦游，曾登臨此樓，寫下了這首詩。②曾鞏：北宋散文家，江西南豐人，嘉祐年間進士。③鐘唄：梵音的歌詠。?冥鴻：指飛入遠天的鴻雁。【小題1】下列對詩歌表達的感情分析，正確的一項是（）A．抒發不安于現狀、不甘于平庸的遠大抱負。B．感嘆時光流逝，抒發懷念故鄉的情感。C．抒發對官場黑暗現實的不滿，向往隱居的生活。D．抒發對祖國大好河山的熱愛之情。【小題2】下列對詩歌賞析不正確的一項是（）A．首聯總寫多景樓的形勝，提挈全篇，突出了多景樓居高臨下、視野開闊的特點。B．“云亂水光浮紫翠”，著重一個“浮”字，寫波光云影的迷離掩不住巍峨的碧瓦紅樓，寫出了動態美。C．“天含山氣入青紅”，用一“入”字，刻畫出霞光山色的濃彩浸染了黃昏的遠天，化動為靜。D．詩人抓住了富有特色的景物，使之構成一副色彩明麗、山川掩映的壯闊畫面，給人美的享受。

2.閱讀下面的古詩，完成兩小題。秋夜山居 唐·施肩吾

去雁聲遙人語絕，誰家素機①織新雪，秋山野客②醉醒時，百尺老松銜半月。【注釋】①素機：織布機②野客：離鄉在外的游客

【小題1】詩歌首句“ __________ ”一詞點明了時令屬“秋”。【小題2】詩中“銜”字向來為人稱道，請你說說它好在哪里。

1.天下大事，必作于細。一個善意的微笑，能讓人感覺到你的善良；一句平淡的問候，能讓人感受到溫暖的友情；一份工整的作業，能體現你認真的學習態度；一次不經意的禮讓，能顯示你寬容大度的胸懷?? 請以“于細微處見”為題，在空格內填入合適的詞語后寫一篇文章，體裁自定，立意自選，600字左右，不能出現真實校名、地名、人名。

第四篇：鄭州市2014年高中畢業年級第二次質量預測題生物答案

2014年高中畢業年級第二次質量預測

生物參考答案

一、選擇題

1．B2．C3．D4．D5．D6．C

二、非選擇題（除注明的外，每空1分）

29．（10分）

（1）空間結構大豆

（2）亞硫酸氫鈉濃度和不同農作物（2分）排除無關變量的干擾

（3）C3的還原類囊體結構的薄膜上否

（4）在200~300 ppm之間進行多組亞硫酸氫鈉溶液濃度梯度平行實驗（2分）

30．（10分）

（1）淋巴因子記憶B（淋巴）細胞自身免疫病

（2）Ⅰ．①抗體②胸腺③向A、B組小鼠各注射適量且等量的H7N9禽流感病毒疫苗Ⅱ．①抗體含量不變抗體含量增加②抗體含量增加抗體含量增加

31．（11分）

Ⅰ．（1）兩者在雜交過程中都保持完整性和獨立性；兩者都是在體細胞中成對存在，生殖細胞中減半；成對存在的基因或染色體都是一個來自父方，一個來自母方；在形成配子時，非同源染色體以及非等位基因都表現出自由組合。（寫出任意兩項即可，每項1分，計2分）

（2）類比推理果蠅的白眼基因

Ⅱ．（1）控制酶的合成控制代謝過程

（2）BbXAXa（2分）BbXaY（2分）

（3）深紅眼雌蠅∶猩紅眼雌蠅∶深紅眼雄蠅∶猩紅眼雄蠅∶無色雄蠅=6∶2∶3∶4∶1（2分）

32．（8分）

（1）食物鏈

（2）捕食者（植食性魚類）增多競爭者（浮游藻類）大量繁殖

（3）餌料中的能量生產者固定的太陽能

（4）減少

（5）凌晨水中的溶解氧含量最低

39．（15分）

（1）酵母菌20培養液的缺氧環境及酵母菌產生大量酒精能抑制絕大多數微生物的生長繁殖（2分）

（2）過程③所用酵母菌是兼性厭氧型，過程④所用醋酸菌是好氧型（2分）

酶 C2H5OH+O2CH3COOH+H2O（2分）

（3）芳香油含量較高壓榨壓榨

（4）焦糊水解

（5）植物組織培養高壓蒸汽滅菌

40．（15分）

（1）基因組文庫PCR熱穩定DNA聚合酶（Taq酶）顯微注射滋養層

（2）核移植胚胎移植（3）體外受精

（4）相同胚胎分割將內細胞團均等分割（2分）

（5）胰蛋白酶飼養層（6）（動物）血清

第五篇：2018年鄭州市高中畢業年級第二次質量預測 英語

2018年鄭州市高中畢業年級第二次質量預測英語

二、閱讀理解 第一節

A Chinese movie theaters are never running short on youth films.Youth(芳華)，directed by Feng Xiaogang, was released in December, 2017 and hit the screen.But this one is different: It is dedicated to the youth of our parents’ generation.Set in the 1970s, the story begins in a military art troupe(部隊文工團)，in which the soldiers’ duties are to sing, dance and promote culture.He Xiaoping, a newcomer, is a talented dancer.With a painful childhood, she wants to make a fresh start in the troupe, yet her family background makes her the laughing stock(笑柄)among the other girls.The only person who is nice to her is Liu Feng, a kind and unselfish man.In most youth films, the characters’ life paths are only influenced by their own choices.However, the young people in Youth are also a part of “the whirlwind(旋風)of historical changes”, as film critic Justin Chang wrote in the Los Angeles Times.In a period of more than 30 years, they have to experience the Cultural Revolution and the Sino-Vietnamese Conflict, during which Liu Feng loses one arm and He Xiaoping suffers from a mental illness.The disbandment(解散)of the troupe also tears them away from the life and people they are so familiar with, throwing them into a new life they know nothing about.They all have to learn “to make peace with the past and make the most of the present”, wrote reporter Giovanna Fulvi on the website Tiff.net.But there’s still something that never changes about youth.No matter what time of history it is, people share the same longing for love and beauty.Sunshine, laughter and swimming pools—these typical images of youth are all well kept in Mr.Feng’s new films.According to ifeng News, Youth is actually a nostalgic(懷舊的)and personal work that Mr.Feng dedicates to his own experiences of working in a troupe.“When I look back in time, everything in my life seems to be black and white,” he said, “The days in the troupe are the only part of my memory that always remains colorful.”

21.What influenced He Xiaoping’s and Liu Feng’s lives most? A.Historical changes B.Their own personalities C.Their family backgrounds D.Their longing for love and beauty 22.Why did Feng Xiaogang direct the film Youth? A.To show the cruelty of the war.B.To urge people to value their youth.C.To recall the days when he worked in the troupe.D.To describe the life during the Cultural Revolution.23.What do we know about the youth in different generations according to the text? A.They all treat sunshine and laughter as the typical images of themselves.B.In our parents’ generation, they don’t love beauty due to political reasons.C.They long for totally different things varying from generation to generation.D.Though they live in different times, they still have something in common.B Eight years before his death in 1986, Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary(訃告)in the local newspaper.This was a strange obituary, for it told Alfred Nobel, the man who was reading it, that he was dead.The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother, Ludwig, who had recently died.Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away, and he was even more annoyed by the title of the obituary: The Merchant of Death Is Dead.Alfred was a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer.(武器制造商)。This incident got him thinking about his reputation.What would people think of him after his real death? Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”? It was this thought that led him to leave his money---a huge amount of it---for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes.His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest(追求)for excellence in the sciences and literature, and the ideal of peace.Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901.The awards let the world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives.However, the prizes are controversial sometimes.There is often protest(抗議)at the award of the peace prize when not everyone thinks that the award-winners deserve the award.Even the award for literature has sometimes been criticized because the award committee often neglects important writers.The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust, for example, were never honored by the Swedish Academy.Still, for the most part of the awards don’t cause many complaints.Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize those who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind” and few would disagree that most of the prizewinners---among them.Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King---have made contribution that deserve to be honored and remembered.24.How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper? A.Sad and worried B.Shocked and upset.C.Surprised and confused D.Amused and puzzled.25.What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary? A.Seek excellence in the sciences.B.Donate all his money to the charity.C.Stop producing any killing weapons.D.Set up the Nobel prizes with his money.26.Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust? A.To show the controversy of some Nobel prizes.B.To give examples of influential Nobel prizes.C.To explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes.D.To prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on literature.27.What does the author think of the Nobel prizes? A.There should be more female winners.B.There are too many controversial winners.C.They have honored many worthy winners.D.The committee should be more selective.C Though not as much as in the past, grandparents are the teachers of the Navajo(納瓦霍人)youth.They make young people aware of life at an early age.The parents allow them the privilege of teaching the children, and the grandparents take great pride in raising them.Young children often stay with their grandparents for years at a time, developing a close and trusting relationship.The grandparents teach them Navajo legends and the principle of life, emphasizing both new culture trends and the preservation of traditions.The grandparents are also the leading figure in teaching the youth the arts of weaving, caring for the livestock, using herbal medicine, and other arts and crafts.The children are taught to respect their elders, care for them, help them and learn from them.Young people are urged to listen with care to the words of their elders and keep as much wisdom as possible.Grandparents often go to social gatherings and traditional events, and young people have opportunities to learn more about their culture and traditions.I lived with my grandmother for thirteen years, and she raised me in the old ways of our people.Although I was going to school, she taught me as much as she could about our traditions.If I had a chance, I would listen again to her wise teachings, expressed with kindness in a soft voice that touched my heart.We used to plant corn and pumpkin every summer.They never grew big enough to feed us, but we planted them anyway.I asked my grandmother why.She said, “Grandson, our plants will be far more beautiful than the flowers outside the fence.” I didn’t understand until one day I saw their beauty as I was coming over the hill with her.She said, “Anything that is a part of you is always far more beautiful than the things which you pass by.” We had some beautiful years together.I’m glad she is a part of me and I’m a part of her.Children used to be well disciplined, possessing more respect for culture, traditions and beliefs than they do now.The world of the Navajo has been influenced by the western world, and the grandparents have less control and influence than they used to.But the young people who have been touched by their teachings have glimpsed a way of life beyond what most people know today.28.What can be inferred from the first paragraph? A.Grandparents are the source of traditional culture.B.Parents hate to take the trouble to raise their children.C.Early schooling isn’t very popular with the young Navajo.D.Children learn about the meaning of life from their grandparents.29.The underlined word “figure” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ” A.persons B.pioneers C.examples D.representatives 30.Why did the author’s grandmother plant corn and pumpkin? A.She had to feed her family members.B.She tried to make full use of her garden.C.She wanted her grandson to learn a life lesson.D.She expected her grandson to learn about farming.31.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A.To honor his beloved grandmother.B.To stress the greatness of the Navajo.C.To share with readers a Navajo culture.D.To show the influence of Navajo traditions.D Many years ago, people relied on the sun, the moon and stars to find their way around.Later, the compass was introduced.And now, we have satnav(衛星導航)systems to guide us.A satnav system uses groups of satellites to show the user’s location.They send information to a receiver, such as a smart phone, to show us where we are.The earliest built satnav system is the Global Positioning System, which belongs to the US.Then there is Russia’s Global Navigation(導航)Satellite System, the European Union’s Galileo and China’s own satellite navigation system, BeiDou.On October 14, 2017, an ARJ21-700 plane, which was the first domestically-produced jet equipped with the BeiDou navigation system, successfully completed a test flight.The results showed the performance of the system developed by China matches that of similar systems produced aboard, according to the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China.Since its introduction in 2000, the Beidou navigation system has seen increasing numbers of applications linked to everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.When it comes to shared bikes, smart locks that support BeiDou chips offer more accurate positioning than others, making it easier to find a bike.Farmers can use BeiDou-enabled tractors to plow(犁)the soil and use unmanned aircraft with BeiDou to sow seeds, which can improve efficiency and make better use of resources.BeiDou’s farming applications have spread from Heilongjiang province to Beijing, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei and other regions across China.With its many uses, the Beidou navigation system is even playing a big role in the Belt and Road Initiative(一帶一路).“To date, the BeiDou system has covered most parts of the Asia-Pacific region, as well as counties along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road” said Yang Changfeng, Chief designer of the BeiDou system.Today, there are more than 20 BeiDou satellites above our heads, and China plans to launch even more this year to expand the BeiDou network to better serve the Belt and Road Initiative.“As BeiDou expands its overseas reach, it well be increasingly popular in the logistics(物流)industry,” said Miao Qianjun, secretary-general of the navigation services association.“Ships, for example, can use it to position themselves while sailing across oceans to European countries, no longer limited to Southeast Asian regions in the near future.”

32.What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs? A.To compare some modern satnav systems.B.To describe the benefits of satnav systems.C.To tell us how satnav systems were created.D.To introduce some satnav systems and their functions.33.What can we know about the Bei Dou navigation system according to the article? A.It was used successfully in a new jet plane.B.It is more powerful than other satnav systems.C.It was introduced to China on October 14, 2017.D.It wasn’t used in our everyday life until recently.34.According to the article, the BeiDou navigation system is already widely used for.A.plowing the soil and sowing seeds B.improving the efficiency of networks.C.producing more smart locks for shared bikes.D.navigating ships across oceans to European countries.35.What is Miao Qianjun’s attitude toward the future of the BeiDou system? A.worried B.casual C.positive D.doubtful

第二節（共5小題，每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Whether they're for a teenager or not, all great stories have certain elements： they have interesting characters we enjoy reading about;they show these characters in a world we can recognize and understand.36The main character faces a problem, usually quite a serious one.The thing that most draws us into reading the story is the way the character deals with the problem--whether they get the better of it, or it gets the better of them.Characters in a book for young adults are generally young adults themselves.37 On the one hand, they’re not children anymore.They’re growing up and want to stretch their wings.On the other hand, they're not yet adults.They can’t do certain things, they're not yet able to do them or because the world tells them that they can't.To make things even more complicated, almost all young adults feel at some point that the whole growing-up process is happening too quickly.38 This year, TEENS has selected seven of the ten books nominated(提名)for the US 2017 National Book Awards in the categories of Young people's literature.Some stories are specifically written for teenagers or young adults, meaning that their authors are very sensitive to the “in-between” nature of teenage life.They're about problems that appear for young people because of tensions between them and their parents and teachers, their siblings(兄弟姐妹), or wider society.Often, these problems are presented very seriously by writers.39 At the same time, fiction isn't supposed to be just about the challenges people face in life, but also about how people overcome those problems.40 They discover something about themselves that they never knew before, and which enables them to succeed.And the solution that they find opens the future up to them, setting them on the path to adulthood.A.And they are in a challenging period of life.B.But most importantly, great stories have a central drama.C.To some degree, a challenge brings out the best in a character.D.But that's what teenagers want in fiction: to be taken seriously.E.They want to hold back a little and remain a child a little longer.F.These are stories that someone of any age could pick up and enjoy.G.When closing a good book, we feel we’ve learned something about ourselves.第二部分 語言知識運用（共兩節，滿分45分）第一節完形填空

One autumn morning, I spotted a pair of wild geese on our pond.The beautiful sight caught me by 41 because I’d never seen geese there before.Thinking they would soon leave, I 42 the chance to get close to them.I wondered where they came from and why they had chosen our pond.The next morning, the geese were still my 43.I walked round to the mailbox, showing them I meant to no harm.44 , I couldn't resist getting a 45 look.I hid behind some trees and 46 the handsome pair quietly through the branches.I was surprised to see they were staring at me, too!As days passed, I started 47 to them on my trips to the mailbox.They craned(伸長)their necks and raised their heads 48 , but seemed to realize I was their friend.By then, my curiosity about 49 they were staying so long at the pond changed to 50.As they were feeding in the grass the other day, I discovered the reason for their 51 : the male had a broken left wing.He couldn’t 52 , and his faithful mate wouldn’t leave him behind.I asked a biologist what to do.He explained that sometimes a 53 wing will heal by itself and suggested letting nature take its course.On the first day of November, I was working in the neighborhood of the geese with my tractor.As I bent to fasten a chain from the tractor, I 54 some movement from the corner of my eye.Both geese were running towards the pond.Their wings were 55 like crazy, struggling for takeoff.Gradually, they flew over the pond.They 56 enough altitude to fly past a neighbor’s house, and then circled back towards me, flying no more than 50 feet over my head as if to say goodbye.Then they were out of my 57.The season’s first snowflakes fell the very next day.The birds must have 58 that winter was coming, and it was time to go.I became fond of them during their 59 visit to our pond, and now I miss them.I’ll never forget their 60 to each other.41.A.accident B.surprise C.nature D.fortune 42.A.increased B.created C.deserved D.valued 43.A.guests B.puzzles C.fellows D.friends 44.A.Instead B.Therefore C.Still D.Anyhow 45.A.closer B.quicker C.quieter D.broader 46.A.approached B.calmed C.observed D.protected 47.A.turning B.attending C.driving D.talking 48.A.firmly B.cautiously C.warmly D.proudly 49.A.why B.when C.how D.whether 50.A.sympathy B.rescue C.pleasure D.concern 51.A.companion B.visit C.settlement D.care 52.A.recover B.survive C.fly D.return 53.A.weak B.folded C.broken D.flightless 54.A.held B.caught C.directed D.made 55.A.spreading B.sweeping C.trembling D.beating 56.A.gained B.set C.discovered D.lost 57.A.reach B.sight C.control D.help 58.A.concluded B.indicated C.sensed D.confirmed 59.A.unexpected B.casual C.regular D.short 60.A.contribution B.promise C.treat D.devotion

第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式，并將答案填寫在答題卡響應的位置上。

Like all big cities, Paris has a traffic problem: lots of cars, traffic jams and pollution from exhaust fumes(廢氣).So since 2007, the City__ 61___(begin)a plan to improve the situation.Under the Velib scheme(公共自行車計劃), people can take a bicycle ,use it as long as they want, and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station.The first half-hour is free,___ 62___if you don’t return it after 30minutes, you have to pay.It’s ￠1 a day or 29 a year.The bicycles are as heavy as 25kilograms, and they are all grey ,and have___63___(basket).There are a large number of them in the city ,and the bicycle stations are more than the subway stations。

Paris isn't the first city_64__(operate)a scheme like this.Not everybody thinks it' s a great idea.One Parisian(巴黎人)said，“These bicycles are only suitable ___65___ short journeys.If people want to travel across the city, they won’t use a bicycle-they'll still use the cars.A city spokesman said, “The bicycle scheme won't solve all our trafficproblems, but it might work in__66___(reduce)air pollution.Traffic, together with factory fumes, ___67___(be)a big problem.Everyone knows about global warming and dramatic climate changes---we know this is partly because rainforests are ___68___（gradual）disappearing.And it's also because there's so much pollution.There aren't any simple answers to traffic problems and pollution in cities, but the bicycles might help people lead a healthier life.___(69)__we do something now, there'll be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems in our environment will get even___(70)___(bad).第三部分 寫作（共兩節，滿分35分）

第一節（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其正下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（╲）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞正下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均限一詞，請嚴格按照要求格式修改。

只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

Last year my class went on the skiing trip to the mountains.We have already been to the same place the year before and it had been a wonderfully experience.When we arrived at there, It had snowed heavily the day before and there were terrible storm.At breakfast the next day，everyone there told us not to go skiing because of the bad weather, but we decide to go anyway.When we got to the mountain top, that started snowing again.The hotel had given us some sandwiches to take along, so we ate them since we were waiting for the weather to improve.But it didn’t and soon we really felt very frightening.Luckily, I had my cell phone in my bag.I called the emergency services, at last they sent a helicopter to save us.第二節書面表達(滿分25分)假定你是李華，你的加拿大筆友Cindy來信說她想了解你的家鄉的情況，請 你用英語給她回復,簡要介紹你的家鄉的地理位置、氣候特點、著名景點、主要 物產以及近年來的變化等，并邀請她來做客。注意: 1．詞數100左右；

2．可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。

21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.D 26.A 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.C 31.C 32.D 33.A 34.A 35.C 36.B 37.A 38.E 39.D 40.C 41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.A 46.C 47.D 48.B 49.A 50.D 51.B 52.C 53.C 54.B 55.D 56.A 57.B 58.C 59.A 60.D 61.has begun 62.but / yet 63.baskets 64.to operate 65.for 66.reducing 67.is 68.gradually 69.Unless 70.worse

三、短文改錯：

Last year my class went on the skiing trip to the mountains.We have already been to the 71.a 72.had same place the year before and it had been a wonderfully experience.73.wonderful When we arrived at there, it had snowed heavily the day before and there were terrible 74 storm.At breakfast the next day, everyone there told us not to go skiing because of the bad 75.storms weather, but we decide to go anyway.When we got to the mountain top, that started snowing 76.decided 77.it again.The hotel had given us some sandwiches to take along, so we ate them since we were

78.while/as/when waiting for the weather to improve.But it didn’t and soon we really felt very frightening.Luckily，79.frightened I had my cell phone in my bag.I called the emergency services, ∧ at last they sent a helicopter

80.and to save us.書面表達

Possible Version I Hi Cindy, I’m happy to receive your letter.Now I’m gladto tell you something about my hometown,Zhengzhou.Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henanprovince, is located in the middle of China.We feel comfortable all year around with a pleasant climate.There are many places of interest here, such asZhengzhouErqiMemorialTower and ShaolinTemple.Also, there issome famous local produce, including garlic, watermelons and Chinese dates.Many highways, flyovers and subway lines have been built in recent years, making it more convenient for us to travel.Everyone’s efforts have paid off, so we havea more enjoyable environment now.Hope one day you can come to my city and I’llshow you around it then.Best wishes，Li Hua Possible Version II Hi Cindy, I’m glad you’re interested in my hometown, and I’m proud to share with you its brief introduction.Zhengzhou, located in Central China, is the capital of Henanprovince.It has four distinct seasons, which bring us beautiful natural scenery and rich agricultural produce, such as dates, garlic and watermelons.As an ancient capital city, Zhengzhou has a long history, making it full of historical scenic spots, ShaolinTemple, for example.It is well-known around the world for its Kung Fu and Buddhism.In recent years, my hometown has greatly developed, becoming a modern busy metropolis, and a trade and transportation center.Welcome to my city and enjoy the special local produce.I believe you’ll love it.Best wishes，Li Hua