第一篇：經貿英語寫作 教案. doc

Unit 5 Part 1 Placing Orders(訂貨)

● General Introduction An order may result from the buyer’s acceptance of an offer made by the sellers or from the sellers’ acceptance of a counter-offer made by the buyers.An order can either be a letter or a printed form or both.Compared with the offer/quotation, the order is a more common form of correspondence(通信)of obtaining equipment, services, supplies(供貨).So besides a letter or memorandum(備忘錄), or a printed form, it can be given by faxes, or e-mails, or even orally the phone or at the meeting.The essential quality of an order is clarity and accuracy.An order should include: 1)Name and specification or

description of the commodity 2)Quality 3)Quantity 4)Prices(unit price and total value)and price terms 5)Terms of payment 6)Port of shipment and port of destination(裝運港和目的港)7)Date and method of shipping 8)Package The following structures are recommended in placing an order: 1)Use direct language in the first paragraph to refer the seller to the previous contact acknowledging that you have received the offer and have the intention to place an order.2)Describe what is being ordered in great detail.Indicate the catalogue numbers, sizes, colors, prices, specifications and all other relevant information.Two paragraphs will be

needed to fulfill this part.The first paragraph is to give the detailed description of your order.The second one is to state the terms of payment and the anticipated(預期的)date of delivery and the mode(模式)of transportation.3)Close the letter by expressing willingness to cooperate.● Sample Reading Sample 1

體育用品公司確認某公司初次訂購 Dear Sirs，We want to say how pleased we were to receive your order of 25 March for our sport supplies and welcome you as one of our customers.We confirm supply of the goods at the prices stated in(以…中標明的價格)your letter and are arranging for

dispatch next week by sea.When the goods reach you we feel confident you will be completely satisfied with them at the prices offered(以所報價格), for they represent exceptional(特別的)value.As you may not be aware of the wide range of(種類廣泛的)goods we are dealing in(從事), we are enclosing a copy of our catalogue and hope that our handling of your first order with us will lead to further business between us and

2mark the beginning of a happy working relationship.Yours faithfully, XXX Notes: 1.dispatch: v.發送, 派遣, 迅速處理 e.g., If the buyers failed to ~ the vessel

in time, the sellers shall have the right to claim compensation for their losses.1如買方不能及時派遣運送船只，賣方有權要求賠償損失。

We are anxious to ~ a business in hand.我們急于辦完手頭一項業務。

~ your order when we have stock.一有貨，馬上發送。

2.mark the beginning of:標志…的開端

Sample 2

桌布生產廠對買方1萬打桌布訂單的確認函

Dear Sirs，We are pleased to receive your order of th19 January for tablecloths and welcome as one of our customers.We confirm(確認)10,000 dozen tablecloths at the prices stated in your letter and will arrange for delivery(安排

1發貨)by the first available steamer upon receipt of(一收到)your L/C.We

feel confident that when the goods 2reach you, you will be completely satisfied with them at the prices offered.34The draft contract is being drawn up

5and will be submitted to you for approval(為…批準)as soon as it is ready.We hope the conclusion(成交)of this deal will pave the way for(為…鋪平道路)further friendly cooperation between us and mark the beginning of a good working relationship.Yours faithfully, XXX Notes: 1.the first available steamer:第一艘(可得的)輪船

2.reach: v.到達;達成

We’re taking all necessary steps for the opening of the L/C and hope it will reach you in a week or so.我們正采取一切措施開立信用證，希望一周左右抵達你處。

reach an agreement 達成協議 3.draft contract: 合同草案 draft: n.草稿, 草案

e.g., She asked me to check the ~ of the contract.她要我審查一下合同的初稿。v.起草, 草擬

e.g., draft a proposal for the project.請為該計劃草擬一個方案。4.draw up: 準備, 起草

e.g., We will have the contract drawn up for signature tomorrow.我們將把合同擬好，以便明天簽字。5.submit: v.提交, 提供

e.g., Please ~ specifications, preferably with illustrations.請提供規格，最好有插圖

● Useful Expressions: 1.Thank you for your offer of June 5.Your prices and quality are

satisfactory and we are sending you an order as follows.感謝貴方6月5日的報盤，產品價格及質量都令我方滿意，現隨附如下訂單。

2.We’re glad to have closed(finished/ put-through/concluded/finalized/rea--lized)this transaction with you.我們很高興和貴方達成這筆交易。3.If you can execute the order to our full satisfaction, we will place further orders with you.如果你方對此次訂單的處理能夠完全令我方滿意，我方將會有更多的訂單。4.To get things started, we would like to make a trial purchase.為使交易起步，我們愿意試購買。5.We’re very sorry that we’re not in a position to accept your order but hope that you will understand our situation.我們非常抱歉不能接受此訂單，但希望貴方能理解我們的處境。

● Writing Practice: I.Translate(on class)Dear Mr.Johnson，Thank you for your letter of July 15 enclosing your order for 8000 meters of 100 cm wide watered silk.Unfortunately, we no longer supply this silk.Fashions constantly change and in recent years the demand for watered silk has fallen to such an extent that we have ceased to produce it.Our satin silk is selling very well in many countries for its extra smoothness and softness.It has more patterns and agrees with the latest fashion of returning to the ancients(復古).I am sending you a full range of(各種各樣的)patterns by parcel post.If you decide to place an order(訂購)we can supply

them promptly.We look forward to your reply.Sincerely yours，(Signature)

Larry Sun

Key to Above: Johnson先生：

您好。感謝您7月15日隨函附上的8000米100厘米寬幅水洗絲訂單。但是我們現已不供應這種絲綢了。近年時尚經常變化，水洗絲需求量過小，以至于我們不得不停止生產這種產品。

我們的絲綢軟緞因其非?；彳浽诤芏鄧覠徜N，而且它有更多的花色，并符合目前的復古潮流。我給您寄去全套花色樣品。若您決定訂貨我們能夠很快供貨。請回復。

此致敬禮

II.You’ve received your customer’s

initial order No.023 for wool and made out your Sales Confirmation No.123.Now you’re asked to write a letter sending the S/C(Sales Confirmation).The following points should be covered in your letter.(after class)1.銷售確認書已寄出，請收到后簽退一份。

2.對對方首批交易的成功表示祝賀并保證對方會滿意。

3.渴望了解對方的銷售計劃，歡迎任何這方面的建議。

4.保證能滿足對方的各種特定需求

● More Sample on Placing Order Dear Sirs，Thank you very much for your letter of September 6 together with(attached所附的)patterns(樣式)and price lists.We have chosen four qualities(types)for which we enclose Order No.465.The goods are urgently required, so prompt delivery will be most appreciated.(被動)

Order No.465 Messrs.Johnson & Kemp Ltd, 78 Madison Street London, England

Please supply the following goods: Quantity Article Price

Delivery 800 doz.510

$2 per doz.December 500 doz.512

$4 per doz.do 300 doz.514

$6 per doz.do 200 doz.516

$7 per doz.do

Packing: Each dozen to be packed in a tin-lined(帶有內襯的)carton, with 10 dozen cartons in a wooden case.Insurance: W.A.(水漬險)for 10%

over the invoice amount(發票金額).Marks(包裝、運輸標記): As usual with our previous orders.Payment terms: Draft at sight under an irrevocable L/C.We have instructed(指示)our bank to open a letter of credit for the amount of this order.You will soon hear from your bank.Yours faithfully, 該訂單詳細羅列擬購商品的數量、價格、交貨期、包裝、保險、嘜頭(運輸標志：收貨人英文縮寫+目的港或目的地名稱+運單號/訂單號/發票號+貨物件數)、支付條件。Note: W.A.: With(Particular)Average(水漬險，單獨海損險)自然災害、意外事故導致貨

物被淹(直接原因)。

Draft at sight:(即期匯票)要求立即在規定日或在將來規定日對某人或持票人支付一定金額的無條件書面支付憑證(分為即期、遠期)。

Part 2 Making Payments(付款)● General Introduction In international trade, the buyer is concerned(關心)if he can get the goods as ordered while the seller wants the security of payment.Terms of payment reflect the extent to which the seller requires a guarantee of payment before he/she loses control of the goods.(付款方式對于賣方是否安全)Writing strategy: 1.State your accepted payment terms clearly.2.The buyers adopt the following 3 steps to negotiate the terms of payment.★ Mention the contract, goods, etc.★ Suggest the terms of payment and

give out the reason ★ Wish the reader to accept The sellers also adopt 3 steps to complete the letter: ★ State you’ve received the letter ★ Give the reply of agreeing or refusing and the reason ★ State your wish to do business with the reader 3.Negotiate for changes

If the expected terms of payment can’t be accepted, make a polite request and give the reason for a change.As far as the other party is concerned, if they have to give a negative reply, use the reader-sensitive “you” attitude and emphasize the positive.● Sample Reading Sample 1 某公司欲試訂150輛摩托車，要求買方能按付款交單的支付方式結算。

Dear Sirs，Order for 150 Motorbikes

We would like to place a trial order of 150 Motorbikes, model MS500 at the price quoted in your offer which reached us on July 15, 2008.As for the terms of payment, would you

1please give us some special treatment to pay by D/P(付款交單)instead of Confirmed Irrevocable L/C as required in your offer? Because issuing an L/C(開證行開立信用證)will tie-up(占用)our capital and increase the cost, leaving

2us a much narrower profit margin.We would be most grateful if you could extend(grant)this favor to us.You can rest assured that once we receive the

3shipping document for the captioned goods we will pay immediately the full

amount of the purchase.4This is just an initial order.If the transaction goes well(smoothly)(交易進展良好), large orders will follow(大筆訂單隨之而來).We are looking forward to your favorable reply(好消息).Yours faithfully, XXX Notes: 1.special treatment: 特別待遇

2.profit margin: 利潤率, 利潤幅度 e.g., But if sales go as well as they should, that’s still within our ~.不過假如銷售狀況有應有的表現，那就仍在我們的獲利范圍內。

We’ve had many problems recently, and the recession has really cut into our ~.我們最近有很多問題，尤其經濟蕭條 更使得我們的利潤下降。

3.Shipping document: 貨運單據 e.g., We usually accept payment by ir-revocable L/C payable against shipping document.我們采用不可撤銷的信用證，憑裝運單據結匯付款方式。4.initial order: 首批訂貨

5.release a L/C: 將信用證交給受益人

issue a L/C: 開證行開立信用證 6.D/P: Documents against Payment 付款交單(分為即期、遠期)，我們發貨后準備好我們的議付單據，通過我方銀行交單至客戶方銀行，客戶銀行提示客戶單據已到，客戶付款后銀行交單。

Negotiable(可議付的): 可流通、可轉讓的。通過背書(在單據后面簽名同意轉讓)或單純交付可將一切載明權利轉讓給他人。

Negotiable L/C：被授權議付的銀行“對匯票或單據支付對價”的行為，并強調“僅僅對單據審核，卻未支付對價”不構成議付。國際商會（ICC）對議付進一

步解釋為“立即付款”(如通過現金、支票、清算系統匯款支付或貸記賬戶)，或“承 擔付款責任”(undertaking an obligation to make payment)(不同于承擔延期付款責任)。

D/A(Documents against Acceptance):承兌交單，也是通過我方銀行交單給客戶銀行，不同的是客人只需承兌我方單據，就可以拿走正本單據，到期后再付款。

T/T是電匯(以外匯現金方式結算)（單據一般是我方直接郵寄給客戶，無需通過銀行）。如果我們跟客戶用T/T付款方式，一般的做法是客戶先要給我們30%的預付款，剩余70%一般保險的方法是，貨裝船后，客人憑我們傳真的提單正本付款，等款到帳后再郵寄整套正本單據給客人。

L/C信用證付款方式屬于銀行信用，很保險的一種付款方式，但開證行信譽一

定要好，單證人員審單要認真仔細，公司業務、儲運、單證部門要協調一致，避免單據出現不符點。

Sample 2 這是一封要求延后信用證中裝運日期的信函。信中賣方提出由于趕不上當月船期，所以發貨期不得不延后，希望對方能給與理解并盡量對信用證裝運日期條款做出修改。Dear sirs, We regret to learn from your letter of thJuly 5 that you are unable to extend L/C No.5436.(延期信用證)

1As you know, there is only one vessel sailing for your port each month.But

2the only vessel available this month will be leaving here in a day or two and the deadline for booking(訂)shipping space is a long past.Therefore it is impossible for us to ship the goods this month.We

would be obliged if you do your best to extend the L/C as requested in our letter thof June 26.Please give the matter immediate attention and let us have your reply by return airmail.Truly yours, Notes: 1.vessel: n.船艦, 血管, 容器

2.available: adj有效的,可得的,空閑的 ● Useful Expressions 1.With reference to your letter dated… agreeing to establish the L/C concerning the order No.…

貴方…月…日來函曾答應開立有關第…號訂貨單貸款的信用證。

2.We regret having received no news from you up to now.但遺憾的是，我方至今未收到任何相關 消息。

3.As you have failed to establish the L/C in time, we regret being unable to effect shipment within the stipulated time limit.很遺憾，由于貴方未及時開出信用證，我方無法在規定日期發貨。

4.Owing to …, we would appreciate your extending the shipment date and the validity of your L/C No.… to … 由于…, 若貴方將發貨期及第……號信用證有效期延期至……, 我方將不勝感激。

5.We regret to say that the payment terms stipulated in your order are unacceptable to us.很抱歉，貴方訂單中規定的付款條款不能為我方所接受?！?Writing Practice I.Translate(on class)Dear Sirs，We are in possession of your letter of October 8 and have noted your request

for payment T/T(以外匯現金方式結算Telegraphic Transfer)for contract No.339 and No.340.We regret that we are unable to consider your request for payment on T/T terms, according to our usual practice(慣常做法), we ask for payment by L/C.But in view of the amount of 2 transactions being very small, as an exceptional case, we are prepared to accept payment for contract No.339 and No.340 on D/P at sight basis.But we think it advisable to make it clear that D/P will only be applicable if the amount involved(涉及到的)for each contract is less than GBP(英鎊)1,000.We hope that the above payment will be acceptable to you and look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours.XXX

Key to Above

敬啟者：

我們已經收到你方10月8日的來信，注意到你方用電匯支付339號、340號合同的要求。

很遺憾地告訴你方，我們不能接受你方電匯付款的要求。作為慣例，我們要求用信用證支付。但考慮到這兩筆交易的金額很小，作為一個例外，對于合同339號和340號，我們打算接受即期付款交單方式。但我們覺得有必要明確，只有每筆合同金額少于1000英鎊時才能采用付款交單方式。

我們希望你們將接受上述付款條件，并盡快收到你們的回復。

謹啟

II.Write a letter to Simpson and Sons at 54 Madison Street, Sydney, Australia requesting them to amend(修訂)L/C No.5058 covering(有關)3000 dozen of Poplin Shirts as follows:(after class)

1.受益人應為“太平洋貿易有限公司”，而不是“東方貿易有限公司”。

2.憑即期信用證付款而不是60天期信用證付款。

3.價格術語應為CFRC3Marseille.4.總金額應為30萬美元，而不是30萬英鎊。

Part 3 葛洲壩信函案例

Correction on Our Letter(糾正以前的信

件)XXXX Joint Venture

Date: 29 May 2004 XXXX Site office

XXX Regional State

Our Ref: 1.H-C/3.100/ft/457-04

Attention: Mr.XXXX Project Manager

Subject: XXXX Hydropower Project, Contract Lot 1B/2/3 Correction to be made in one of our letter

Reference: 1)Your Letter CX/HX/366/04 dated 22 May 2004

2)Our Letter 1.H-C/3.342/dp/415-04

dated 17 May 2004

3)Your Letter CX/HX/326/04 dated 07 May 2004

Dear Sir，We apologize for the printing error that was shown on our letter 2)above.We confirm your findings about those printing errors and appreciated the action you have taken to correct them.Yours faithfully，Mr.XXXX

Resident Engineer XXXX Engineering Company International L.P.

第二篇：經貿英語

專有名詞

金融市場：financial market收入分配：the distribution of income

政府(支出、政策、債券)：government(spending、policy、bond)

預算赤字：budget deficit貿易模式：the patterns of trade

發展中國家：developing country市場機制：the market mechanism

經濟周期：business cycle經濟擴張：business expansion

大蕭條：the Great Depression零和博弈：zero-sum game

后此謬誤：The Post Hoc Fallacy合成繆誤：The Fallacy of Composition

國民生產總值(GNP)：the gross national product

名義和實際：nominal and real可支配收入：disposable income

留存盈余：retained earning需求總供給：the aggregate demand and supply

轉移支付：transfer outlay宏觀政策手段：Macroeconomic Policy Levers

自由貿易：free trade貨幣政策財政政策：monetary policy and fiscal policy公開市場操作：open market operation法定準備金率：reserve requirement

再貼現率：discount rates通貨膨脹：actual inflation

充分就業：full employment經濟增長：rapid growth of output

價格穩定：price stability(移動、固定)匯率：(free、fixed)exchange rate

絕對優勢：absolute advantage比較優勢理論：the principle of comparative advantage

機會成本：opportunity cost生產可能邊界：production possibility

不兌現紙幣：fiat money聯邦儲存系統：The Federal Reserve system

聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)：The Federal Open Market Committee

短期交替: a short-run tradeoff活期存款：demand deposit

資產負債表：T-account百分百儲存銀行：100-Percent-Reserve Banking

貨幣乘數：the money multiplier超額準備金：excess reserve

法律合同：a legal contract邀約和接受：offer and acceptance

人事保險：life insurance投機風險：speculative risk

單邊過程：a one-sided process最大限度利用：make the most of

不可再生資源：nonrenewable energy工業革命：the Industrial Revolution

限定價格：price fix內幕交易：inside trade

常識：common sense公益機構：a nonprofit organization

飽受損失：exposure to loss藝術博物館：art museum

會計事務所：accounting firm年報：annual report

租賃服務：rental service經驗和直覺：experience and intuition

市場細分：market segment目標市場：target market

品牌忠誠度：brand loyalty以收入水平為基礎：on the basis of income level

肯接受的準確性：acceptable accuracy市場潛力：market potential

操作系統：operating system臨床研究：clinical study

馬斯諾的需要層次論：Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory

自然災害：natural disaster有的放矢：plunge right in

第三篇：經貿英語

倫敦人民幣交易量大幅上升

金融時報2013-10-09

London has strengthened its position as a global hub for offshore renminbi, as new market players drive a rapid rise in international trading of the Chinese currency.倫敦強化了其作為離岸人民幣全球中心的地位。新的市場參與者推動人民幣國際交易快速增長。

The UK capital, the world’s dominant centre for foreign exchange

transactions, accounts for per cent of renminbi trading conducted outside China and Hong Kong.That 62 compares with 54 per cent in January, the data from payments group Swift show.支付集團Swift的數據顯示，作為世界上首屈一指的外匯交易中心，英國首都目前在中國內地和香港以外的人民幣交易中占了62%的比重，高于1月份的54%。London’s increased market share came largely at the expense of Singapore, although the US, France and Switzerland all lost ground.Analysts said the city’s standing as the main global centre for trading the US dollar and the euro makes it the natural home for renminbi trading outside Hong Kong.倫敦新增的市場份額主要是從新加坡奪取的，而美國、法國和瑞士也都失去了一些份額。分析師們表示，倫敦作為全球美元和歐元交易主要中心的地位，使其自然成為香港以外人民幣交易的首選場所。

Volumes in London are about $5bn a day, up from about $2.5bn at this time last year.Renminbi trading in Hong Kong has also continued to rise rapidly, from about $8bn in daily volume at the end of 2012 to as much as $13bn, says HSBC.倫敦的人民幣日交易量目前達到大約50億美元，而去年此時只有25億美元左右。匯豐(HSBC)表示，香港的人民幣交易也在繼續快速增長，日交易量從2012年底的大約80億美元增至130億美元左右。

Overall trading volumes in the renminbi have risen 113 per cent this year, according to Swift, overtaking the Swedish krona, the South Korean won and the Russian rouble in the global league table.據Swift介紹，今年人民幣總交易量已增長113%，在全球榜單上超越瑞典克朗、韓元和俄羅斯盧布。

Ju Wang, Asian currency strategist at HSBC, said the expansion in renminbi trading had been driven by a wave of deregulation, the emergence of trading centres and fresh sources of demand.匯豐亞洲外匯策略師王菊表示，推動人民幣交易量擴大的因素包括：一連串放松管制的措施、若干交易中心的形成，以及新的需求來源。

“We see a lot of new players, like hedge funds, as well as corporates, who use the renminbi for hedging purposes,” said Ms Wang, who added that central banks and private bank clients had also shown strong interest.“我們看到很多新的參與者，比如對沖基金，還有企業，他們將人民幣用于對沖

目的，”王菊表示。她補充稱，各國央行和私人銀行客戶也表現出極大興趣。The rise in trading chimes with the long-term goal of Chinese policy makers to internationalise their currency.Taiwan this year became the second place outside mainland China where renminbi transactions could be settled directly, with Singapore following soon after.The People’s Bank of China has signed currency swap agreements, including with the Bank of England.人民幣交易量的增長與中國政策制定者推動人民幣國際化的長遠目標是一致的。今年，臺灣成為中國大陸以外第二個能夠直接結算人民幣交易的地方，新加坡也在不久后做到這一點。中國央行已簽署多項貨幣互換(互惠外匯信貸)協議，包括與英國央行(Bank of England)達成的此類協議。

The loosening of investment restrictions has widened the options for those holding renminbi as part of broader financial reforms.In March,regulators gave international money managers the freedom to choose how to invest renminbi holdings onshore.放松投資限制作為整體金融改革的一部分，拓寬了人民幣持有者的選擇范圍。今年3月，監管機構讓國際基金管理公司自由選擇如何投資在岸人民幣。

Ms Wang said that the recently opened Shanghai free-trade zone would likely lead to a pick-up in trading, although what would be possible inside the zone has yet to be made clear.匯豐的王菊表示，最近成立的上海自貿區有望推動人民幣交易量進一步增長，盡管官方尚未闡明自貿區內具體能夠從事哪些活動。

The data back up trends seen in a Bank of International Settlements survey that showed that the renminbi’s share of trading volume jumped from 0.9 per cent in 2010 to 2.2 per cent in 2013.Swift’s numbers suggest much of that increase occurred this year.交易量數據與國際清算銀行(BIS)一項調查所顯示的趨勢吻合。該調查發現，人民幣在外匯交易量中所占比重已從2010年的0.9%躍升至2013年的2.2%。Swift的數據似乎表明，相當大一部分增長發生在今年。

Although renminbi volumes remain small compared with the US dollar and the euro, it is fast gaining ground on the Canadian dollar and the Swiss franc.雖然人民幣交易量與美元和歐元相比仍很小，但它正在快速趕上加拿大元和瑞士法郎。

第四篇：經貿英語求職信參考

經貿英語求職信參考,關鍵詞是求職信,經貿英語,

尊敬的領導：

您好!

感謝您在百忙之中審閱我的求職申請，給予我毛遂自薦的機會。

我是太原理工大學外語系08經貿英語專業的一名學生，即將于明年七月完成學業，真正地步入社會，開始人生的新一段征程。

上大學后，我最鄭重的告訴自己的一句話是：學通你的專業，利用它為你的人生開辟道路。于是我以交際英語為方向，首先側重于打好基礎，從聽，說，讀，寫幾方面訓練基本技能，在達到自如地運用英語的基礎上，我學習了英美概況，英美文學，英語語法等相關專業知識，同時，我還學習了部分經貿英語知識，這些努力不僅使我的專業水平每年都有相應提高，而且拓展了視野，豐富了經驗，并使我于大二時以良好的成績通過了國家英語四級和六級考試。

大學三年里，有收獲也有遺憾，但欣慰的是這些經歷使我學會了冷靜，執著，使我變的愈加獨立，堅韌;教會我學會在人生的坐標上尋找適合自己的位置，并不斷調整和完善自我;更讓我意識到要勇于在人生的不同階段迎接新的挑戰。所以當又一次走到人生的十字路口時，我誠摯地希望能加入你們這群充滿生命力，競爭力和挑戰力的精英隊伍中，在各方英才的領導和幫助下，為公司的再度發展和騰飛推波助瀾!

祝貴公司事業蒸蒸日上，屢創佳績!祝您的事業百尺竿頭，更進一步!殷切地盼望您的佳音，謝謝!

第五篇：經貿英語 chapter1

今年全國“兩會”已經開始了，那兩會用英語怎么說呢？

Air pollution, corruption and the wealth gap are the three issues of most concern to the public ahead of the annual parliamentary sessions of China, dubbed as “two sessions”, according to an online survey.一項網絡調查顯示，在一年一度的“兩會”召開之際，大家最關注的三大問題分別為：大氣污染、腐敗問題以及貧富差距。

The issue of pollution has grown in importance for people since last year's survey which then showed the top three issues as being the cost of living, the environment and employment.與去年相比，污染問題對于人們的重要程度有所提高。去年的調查顯示，人們最關注的三大問題為：生活成本、環境和就業。

The majority of respondents said air pollution is the most urgent issue which needs to be addressed and they expect the “two sessions” to put forward practical measures to tackle the problem.大多數調查對象表示，大氣污染是當務之急，需予以解決，他們期待“兩會”能提出一些切實可行的措施來解決該問題?！局v解】

文中的two sessions就是“兩會”的意思，其中session是名詞，意為“會議”，一般指定期正式召開的會議，如：

The Congress ended its first session on January 4.代表大會第一次會議在1月4日結束。

而meeting是普通用詞，指一般性的會議，可用于任何場合，如：departmental meeting（部門會議），sports meeting（運動會）1.養老保險 pension insurance system 2.反腐倡廉 anti-corruption bid 3.依法拆遷 lawful housing demolition and relocation 4.調控房價 housing prices control 5.貧富差距 gap between the rich and the poor(wealth gap)6.就業問題 employment 7.醫療改革 medical reform下崗再就業 Re-employment after being laid off 登記失業率 registered unemployment rate 分組討論 panel discussion 城鄉差距 rural-urban divide 基本醫療保險 basic medical insurance 家電下鄉Home appliances going to the countryside 中小型企業 SMEs 教育公平Equal Access to Education 8.司法公正 judicial justice 9.民主監督 democratic supervision 10.教育公平equal access to education opening speech 開幕式致辭

small-and medium-sized enterprises 中小型企業crops' minimum purchase prices糧食最低收購價

per-capita income人均收入

window guidance窗口指導(監管機構利用其在金融體系中特殊的地位和影響，引導金融機構主動采取措施防范風險，進而實現監管目標的監管行為。)propel/expand domestic deman擴大內需 proactive fiscal policy積極的財政政策

moderately easy monetary policy適度寬松的貨幣政策 rural-urban development divide 城鄉差距 government work report政府工作報告 dairy product standards乳制品標準

scattered production model分散生產模式(Such a scattered production model is the fundamental reason that there have been so many food safety incidents.這種分散生產模式是諸多食品安全問題的根源。)administrative transparency政務透明

bridging loan過渡性貸款(Bridging, or a bridging loan, is short-term financing made available pending arrangement of intermediate or long-term financing.過渡性貸款是一種在中期或長期融資安排確定前的短期融資。

comfortable Housing Project安居工程 careers guidance就業指導 three Direct Links“大三通”(通郵、通航、通商)healthcare reform.package醫改方案 basic medicine system基本醫療體制 home appliances going to the countryside家電下鄉 equal Access to Education教育公平

golden September and silver October金九銀十 rural left-behind population 農村留守人口

issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area三農問題

three insurances and one fund “三險一金”(養老保險、失業保險、醫療保險和住房公積金)administrative accountability行政問責制(是指一級政府對現任該級政府負責人、該級政府所屬各工作部門和下級政府主要負責人在所管轄的部門和工作范圍內由于故意或者過失，不履行或者正確履行法定職責，以致影響行政秩序和行政效率，貽誤行政工作，或者損害行政管理相對人的合法權益，給行政機關造成不良影響和后果的行為，進行內部監督和責任追究的制度)。

defense budget 國防預算

National People's Congress 全國人民代表大會

Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中國人民政治協商會議 11th Five-year Development Program 十一五發展規劃 Innovation-oriented Society 創新型社會 Scientific Concept of Development 科學發展觀 Township Health Service 城鄉醫療服務 Rural Compulsory Education 農村義務教育

Building New Socialist Countryside 建設社會主義新農村 Cross-straits peace and stability 兩岸和平與穩定

Increase the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate 增加人民幣匯率的靈活性 President of the People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國主席 Central Military Commission 中央軍事委員會 Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院

Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民檢察院 Presidium 主席團

Standing Committee 常務委員會 General Office 辦公廳

Secretariat 秘書處

Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 內務司法委員會 Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 華僑委員會 Commission of Legislative Affairs 法制工作委員會 Committee for Revision of the Constitution 憲法修改委員會 Credentials Committee 代表資格審查委員會 Motions Examination Committee 提案審查委員會 Ethnic Affairs Committee 民族委員會 Law Committee 法律委員會

Finance and Economy Committee 財政經濟委員會 Foreign Affairs Committee 外事委員會

Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 特定問題調查委員會

Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 教育、科學、文化衛生委員會 disaster relief賑災

defense expenditure國防開支

safeguarding our sovereignty and territory保衛主權和領土完整 top legislative body最高立法機關 social welfare system 社會福利制度 minimum living standard最低生活標準

the imbalance between urban and rural areas城鄉發展不平衡 farmer-turned-entrepreneur 農民企業家 basic medical insurance 基本醫療保

window guidance 窗口指導（監管機構利用其在金融體系中特殊的地位和影響，引導金融機構主動采取措施防范風險，進而實現監管目標的監管行為。equal Access to Education 教育公平disaster relief 賑災

defense expenditure 國防開支

safeguarding our sovereignty and territory 保衛主權和領土完整 top legislative body 最高立法機關 social welfare system 社會福利制度 minimum living standard 最低生活標準

the imbalance between urban and rural areas 城鄉發展不平衡 state-run/owned company/enterprise 國有企業

The character “duang” is so new that it does not even exist in the Chinese dictionary.But it has already spread like wildfire online in China, appearing more than 8 million times on China's micro-blogging site Weibo, where it spawned a top-trending hashtag that drew 312,000 discussions among 15,000 users.On China's biggest online search engine Baidu, it has been looked up almost 600,000 times.It's been noticed in the West too, with Foreign Policy seeing it as a “break the internet” viral meme-like a certain Kim Kardashian image, or a certain multicoloured dress.最近大熱的“duang”是一個在漢語字典中并不存在的新詞，不過這個字甫一出現就以燎原之勢在中國的網絡上迅速傳播開來。這個字在中國的社交網站微博中出現了八億多次。有15000名用戶使用了它，并引發了31.2萬次討論。在中國最大的在線搜索網站百度，這個字的搜索量達60萬余次，該現象同樣引發了西方媒體的關注，《外交政策》雜志將其稱作“引爆互聯網”的病毒式傳播事件，與之前金·卡戴珊的美臀照和著名的“白金黑藍之爭”的裙裝同等待遇。

But what does it mean? 可是這個字到底是什么意思？

“Everyone's duang-ing and I still don't know what it means!Looks like it's back to school for me,” said Weibo user Weileiweito.“每個人都在“duang”，可我連duang什么意思都不知道，這讓我仿佛又重回了校園時代。”微博用戶Weileiweito說。

Another user asked: “Have you duang-ed today? My mind is full of duang duang duang.” 而另一位用戶發問“今天你“duang”了嗎？”我現在滿腦都是“duang，duang duang?！?“To duang or not to duang, that is the question,” wrote user BaiKut automan.“Duang還是不duang，這是一個問題，”BaiKut如是說。

“Duang” seems to be an example of onomatopoeia, a word that phonetically imitates a sound.It all seems to have started with Hong Kong action star Jackie Chan, who in 2004 was featured in a shampoo commercial where he said famously defended his sleek, black hair using the rhythmical-sounding “duang”.The word resurfaced again recently after Chan posted it on his Weibo page.Thousands of users then began to flood Chan's Weibo page with comments, coining the word in reference to his infamous shampoo appearance.Duang是一個擬聲詞，用來形容一種聲音，來源于香港影星成龍在2004年時拍的一則洗發水廣告，他用了duang來形容烏黑亮麗富有動感的頭發，而最近成龍在微博上再度使用了duang這一詞匯，引得千萬網友紛紛訪問其微博頁面，在該條微博下面評論，并造了這個字來指代他拍的那個洗發水廣告。

The word appears to have many different meanings, and there's no perfect translation, but you could use it as an adjective to give emphasis to the word that follows it.A kitten might be “duang cute”, for example.Or you might be “very duang confused” by this blog.duang這個字好像有很多種意思，到目前為止并沒有一個確切對應的英文翻譯，不過，你可以把它當做形容詞用，用來強調跟在它后面的那個詞，比如你可以說一只小貓是“duang萌”，看到這里，你也許是“非常duang糊涂”了。

For readers of Chinese characters, the Jackie Chan theme is also apparent from the quirky way in which the word is written: a combination of Chan's Mandarin names.而duang對應的漢字是什么呢？這個字以一種非常離奇的方式被造出來，將“成龍”這兩個字組在一起就成了duang。

用法一：作為擬聲詞

英文例句：The sound of Mr.Skinny fell: pia!The sound of Mr.Fat fell: duang!中文：@純良大叔 “瘦子摔倒的聲音：pia！胖子摔倒的聲音：duang！”

用法二：作為名詞。特效的同義詞。和外國人解釋中文的特效怎么說，你就說DUANG~ 英文例句：You say “special effect”, in Chinese, we say “DUANG”.中文：英語“特效”這個單詞，在我們中文里的發音就是DUANG~ 用法三：作為形容詞，形容的是自己受欺騙的一種心情，表達“都是騙人的！”欲哭無淚。英文例句：“DUANG”, then the holiday is gone.I doubt seriously this is special effect;it's cheating!中文：@跳蝻P “DUANG的一下，假期就沒有了。我懷疑這是特效，是騙人的?！?用法四：作為數量形容詞。形容意想不到的很快，很多，蜂擁而至。

英文例句：“DUANG~”, thousands of netizens repost my Weibo in a short period of time……but no one could look this word up in the dictionary, because I've found it at Bilibili.中文：@蟲治先森 我的微博duang~轉發的很快、很多……而字典上跟沒就沒有這個字——因為我是在B站查到的。

最后為大家獻上成龍版《我的洗發液》全程英文歌詞直播~歡迎同人二次創作~歡迎拍磚~(來源：iduobo.com)“When I first learned to shoot the shampoo ad, in fact, I refuse!…… Ah …… because I think you cannot beat me to shoot right away , first , I want to try, I do not want to say …… after you shoot an ad shoot plus a lot of special effects , the other end to launch ah …… very black!very bright!very soft!outcome audience will scold me, there is no such hair!this proves that the above is false … … I said first to give me a try.Later, after I know they are medicine , but not the kind of chemical ingredients.After that wash this month ……it down this month , at least I used very comfortable.Now it …… still use every day still use it …..I gave my class used to be married to you that I try to speak with the director :！！！” When the film shoot!after the shoot , the hair is my hair , do not increase , plus stunt up, added that there is no such child!I want to give the audience to see , and then I run out of something like this , you run after , the same way son!“ 原文：“當我第一次知道要拍洗發水廣告的時候，其實我是，是拒絕的，我跟導演講，我拒絕，因為，其實我，根本沒有頭發……導演跟我講，拍完加特技，頭發很黑很亮很柔……加了一個月特技之后呢，頭發DUANG~~~后來我也知道他們是假的，是化學成分的。我現在呢，每天還是加特技，加了很多特技，頭發，DUANG~~DUANG~~DUANG~~我的頭發烏黑濃密，因為我，加特技……”

看完下面25個句子，你會覺得自己的英語學的不夠到家。這充分說明了語言是文字和文化的有機結合。也一定程度上解釋了為什么看美劇抓不住人家笑點的原因。1.Do you have a family? 【正確理解】你有孩子嗎？

2.It's a good father that knows his son.【正確理解】就算是最好的父親，也未必了解自己的兒子。3.I have no opinion of that sort of man.【正確理解】我對這類人很反感。4.The picture flattered her.【正確理解】她比較上照。5.He is a walking skeleton.【正確理解】他很瘦。

6.You don't know what you are talking about.【正確理解】你在胡說八道。

7.You don't begin to understand what they mean.【正確理解】你根本不知道他們在干嘛。（not begin to：毫不）8.They didn't praise him slightly.【正確理解】他們大大地表揚了他。9.That's all I want to hear.【正確理解】我已經聽夠了。

10.I wish I could bring you to see my point.【正確理解】你要我怎么說你才能明白呢。11.You really flatter me.【正確理解】你讓我受寵若驚。12.He made a great difference.【正確理解】他很關鍵。

13.You cannot give him too much money.【正確理解】你給他再多的錢也不算多。（not…too/over…連用表示“再…也不為過”）14.The long exhausting trip proved too much.【正確理解】這次旅行曠日持久，我們都累倒了。15.She held the little boy by the right hand.【正確理解】她抓著小男孩的右手。（這里”by“與”with“動作主語完全相反）16.Are you there? 【正確理解】你還在聽嗎？（等于Do you follow me?)17.If you think he is a good man, think again.【正確理解】如果你認為他是好人，那你就大錯特錯了。18.That took his breath away.【正確理解】他大驚失色。

19.Two is company but three is none.【正確理解】兩人成伴，三人不歡。20.Students are still arriving.【正確理解】學生還沒有到齊。

21.They went away as wise as they came.【正確理解】他們一無所獲。22.I won't do it to save my life.【正確理解】我死也不會做。

23.I don't think his painting is any better than yours.【正確理解】我認為他的畫比你好不到哪去。24.You don't want to do that.【正確理解】你不應該去做。

25.Rubber easily gives way to pressure.【正確理解】橡膠很容易變形。（give way to：向...讓步、屈服）

前央視記者柴靜自費拍攝的一部環保紀錄片《穹頂之下》通過網絡播映后，引起廣泛關注。霧霾在兩會前夕又成為人們關注的熱點。

Chai Jing, former presenter and journalist with China Central Television, presents a self-funded documentary about smog in Beijing, Feb 28, 2015.”Under the Dome", a smog documentary released by Chai Jing has been viewed more than 17 million times on Youku and has provoked national discussion after going viral online.柴靜發布的“霧霾紀錄片”《穹頂之下》在優酷上已播放超過1700萬次，在網上迅速傳播后引發了全國的熱烈討論。

霧霾（smog）我們并不陌生，“霧霾記錄片”可以用smog documentary 表示

《穹頂之下》（Under the Dome）是柴靜自費制作的霧霾紀錄片（a self-funded documentary about smog），這是一份調查性報道（investigative reporting），通過國內外實地調查（field investigations at home and abroad），采訪了官員、科學家及普通民眾，提供了大量數據。柴靜在視頻中列舉了一些受污染困擾地區（pollution-plagued areas）的現狀，調查了霧霾是什么？它從哪兒來？我們怎么辦？三個問題，也披露了部分行業的監管漏洞（regulation loopholes），呼吁保護公共利益（public interest），同時也呼吁公眾舉報非法排放（reporting illegal emitters），承擔個人責任（individual responsibility）。

柴靜的視頻受到了很多民眾，如環保倡導者（environmental advocate）的好評，環保部長陳吉寧感謝柴靜喚起公眾對環境關注，但也受到一些人的猛烈抨擊。