第一篇：科技英語翻譯理論與技巧的心得體會

學(xué)習(xí)《科技英語翻譯理論與技巧》課程后的幾點體會和收獲

學(xué)院： 專業(yè)：

班級： 姓名： 學(xué)號：

英語翻譯，是具有邏輯思維、科學(xué)理論和藝術(shù)色彩三者集中亮相的一種語言學(xué)問。

但是，在學(xué)習(xí)《科技英語翻譯理論》之前，我對翻譯的看法卻不是這樣認(rèn)為的，對它的態(tài)度卻是那么的不恭，那么的不敬，只認(rèn)為它是語言的奴隸，是一種枯燥乏味的、低俗的賺錢工具，根本談不上“學(xué)問”這一個崇高的詞語，更是談不上它具有科學(xué)理論、藝術(shù)色彩、邏輯思維這些完美的名詞。事實總是存在與主觀想法互相不吻合的時刻，慶幸的是，在這個不該延長下去的時刻，我恰恰結(jié)束了它的延長時間——我開始學(xué)習(xí)《科技英語翻譯理論》。

現(xiàn)在，在我的腦海中，翻譯不再是語言的奴隸，而是語言的靈魂。語言是人與人之間交流的重要工具，如果沒有了翻譯，那么人與人之間的交流在很大程度上就會受到阻礙，世界的文化交流歷史將要重新編寫。

翻譯不是一個單詞一個詞語地翻譯，而是要擁有邏輯性的翻譯。

在學(xué)習(xí)《科技英語翻譯理論》之前，每當(dāng)翻譯句子時，我并沒有考慮到譯文的邏輯性以及通順性，直接按照原語言的單詞順序非常死板地翻譯成譯文，使譯文讀起來非常生硬，不通順，不僅大大改變了原語言的韻味，而且大大降低了譯文的可讀性。但是，自從學(xué)習(xí)了《科技英語翻譯理論》之后，回想起自己以前所翻譯的句子，感覺自己跟那些沒有學(xué)過英語的人沒有什么兩樣。

在翻譯時，我們必須考慮譯文的邏輯性和通順性，最起碼讓譯文讀起來不會出現(xiàn)拗口以及很亂的感覺。在翻譯之前，必須仔細(xì)地推敲原語言，把原語言的每一個單詞都弄懂，然后再運用譯文的邏輯性把這些已經(jīng)翻譯成譯文的單詞組合在一起，最后理清一下句子的通順性，經(jīng)過了這一番程序過程之后，一句很通順的句子就這樣精彩地誕生了。句子通順暢達(dá)，讀者讀起來朗朗上口，這才體現(xiàn)出翻譯的魅力以及美麗。

翻譯應(yīng)該是科學(xué)地翻譯。

翻譯不是精通一門外語，借助于詞典和工具書就能為之的事，缺少對原語文化的深入研究，是很難保證翻譯的水平和質(zhì)量，而且是一種枯燥乏味的語言翻譯。翻譯要熟悉兩種語言，悟出語言所具有的無比威力，還要透過語言所傳達(dá)的信息，了解其背后的文化和精神，從而體會到兩種語言文化的差異。語言不僅僅是信息的載體，還是文化的載體。不同民族由于不同的生存環(huán)境，對世界的不同認(rèn)識，往往形成各自獨特的文化背景和文化模式。人類對信息形式和內(nèi)容的理解在一定程度上依賴于本民族的文化背景和文化模式。原文讀者與原文作者一般具有共同的文化背景，因此原文讀者能按作者所期望的那樣，透過詞匯的表面形式去理解原文的全部文化內(nèi)涵，而譯者根據(jù)自己的語言和文化背景來傳達(dá)信息、表達(dá)感情，他所面對的則是難以理解甚至是更容易誤解的文化材料，因此“翻譯者必須是一個真正意義上的文化人”。譯者不僅應(yīng)該精通原語和譯人語這兩種語言，而且應(yīng)該通過各種信息渠道了解這兩種語言所反映的文化，諳熟它們的差異，才能找到契合點，最大限度地縮小原作和譯者之間的距離，準(zhǔn)確地捕捉原文中的文化信息，進(jìn)行有效的傳播。

翻譯應(yīng)該具有藝術(shù)色彩。

在精通原語與譯語的前提下，翻譯時應(yīng)該在某個恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢煤颓‘?dāng)?shù)臅r刻，巧妙地引進(jìn)一些恰當(dāng)?shù)母星檎Z氣，或者引進(jìn)一些富含幽默性的語氣，使聽者或讀者能夠輕松愉快地、而不是枯燥乏味地領(lǐng)略文化的魅力、見識原語言文化背景以及風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。同時在翻譯時附加性地加入一些恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言修辭手法，使譯文在不失原語言文化的前提下宛如一幅美麗動人的圖畫展現(xiàn)在聽者或讀者面前，使人心曠神怡。這樣的翻譯，要求譯者應(yīng)該具有豐富的知識和廣闊的見識面。擁有語言的廣闊認(rèn)識面以及對藝術(shù)有較深入的認(rèn)識。擁有了這些知識之后，翻譯者才能快速地翻譯出原語言，使譯語栩栩如生。

其實在翻譯中也是有種類區(qū)別的。在文稿紙上，一個單詞的翻譯、一個句子的翻譯、一篇文章的翻譯，這是書面翻譯；在交談中，一個語氣的翻譯、一句口語的翻譯、一段對話的翻譯，這是口語翻譯。書面翻譯在一般情況下，它允許你擁有長時間的思考過程，你可以慢慢地琢磨推敲，也可以無數(shù)次地修改，直到一個完美的句子出現(xiàn)在讀者面前為止。但是，口語性的翻譯不允許擁有大量時間的思考過程，也不允許不斷地修改，它要求翻譯者必須擁有快速的語言組織能力、流利的表達(dá)能力以及豐富的表情傳達(dá)能力。偶爾也要求翻譯者擁有幽默性的翻譯語氣，使彼此之間的交談?chuàng)碛幸环N舒適快活的氛圍，達(dá)到快樂交談，不會丟失你所想表達(dá)的東西。

上面所寫的文字，都是我在學(xué)習(xí)《科技英語翻譯理論》之后的體會以及收獲。但是我還是要總結(jié)一下所有的體會以及收獲。

翻譯，是一門語言學(xué)，同時也是一門邏輯、科學(xué)、藝術(shù)三方面兼?zhèn)涞恼Z言學(xué)。它要求翻譯者應(yīng)該具備多方面的知識，翻譯出具有邏輯性、可讀性、通順暢達(dá)的譯文，讓原語言文化不失習(xí)俗韻味，同時也體現(xiàn)出譯文語言文化的獨特性，讓讀者同時陶冶在兩種不同文化之中，體會兩種不同文化的語言韻味。

第二篇：科技英語翻譯

形合和意合

1.昨天看電影我沒有買到好票。

I did not buy good seat for movie last day.2.這個車間既做來料加工，又做來樣加工。

This workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well.3.她在中國留學(xué)服務(wù)中心工作。

She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange.4.烤煙，蘋果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，年產(chǎn)量3.12億元，占農(nóng)業(yè)總產(chǎn)值的52.5%。

Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values.5.可以預(yù)言，鈦材在飛機(jī)或各種飛行器上的應(yīng)用將會與日俱增，并且在其他工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用也會擴(kuò)大。It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries.6.If rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension.某種與其他疾病伴發(fā)的高血壓，稱為繼發(fā)性高血壓

7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book.本節(jié)內(nèi)容如有更改，均見本書末附錄。

8.一種微生物能夠破壞另一種微生物，這種現(xiàn)象最早是巴斯德發(fā)現(xiàn)的，他指出這可以用到醫(yī)療上去。

That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use.英漢句子中心的差異

1.他們培育出的細(xì)胞看上去像胚胎干細(xì)胞，這的確令人驚訝。

It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells.2.1968年12月阿波羅8號宇宙飛船上那些想家的宇航員們在太空拍下了整個地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出現(xiàn)了第一個地球日，這絕非是歷史的偶然。

It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon December 1968.3.你們已經(jīng)取得了進(jìn)步，對此我毫不懷疑。

There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved.4.由于貴國政府的提議，才得以這樣快的重新實現(xiàn)訪問，這使我感到特別高興。

I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.5.由于現(xiàn)代世界的發(fā)展和近年來在單門學(xué)科狹窄前沿上的研究進(jìn)展，出現(xiàn)一些極其復(fù)雜的難題，單憑一兩人的力量是無法對它們進(jìn)行透徹研究的。

One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.6.這種小型熱帶魚由于具有自行修復(fù)受損和患病的眼部細(xì)胞的獨特能力，長期以來一直為科學(xué)家所關(guān)注。The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes.7.不努力就不會成功。

One can never succeed without making great efforts.8.想到要出國深造，他激動不已。

He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.9.如蒙早日寄來樣品或產(chǎn)品冊，將不勝感激。

I would appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon forward to us.10.如能盡早回復(fù)，我將非常感謝。

I would appreciated it if you can reply as soon as possible.11.他本來在天津開會，會議一結(jié)束，他就上北京去度假了，昨天才坐飛機(jī)回來。

He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vocation after finishing the meeting he had taken part in Tianjing.12.In practice, the selected interval thickness is usually a compromise between the need for a thin interval to maximize the resolution and a thick interval to minimize the error.為保證最大的分辨率必須選用薄層，為使誤差最小必須選用厚層，實際上要權(quán)衡一下來選擇厚度。

13.在自然界找不到處于游離狀態(tài)的鋁，因為這種金屬總是和其他元素結(jié)合在一起，最普遍是跟氧結(jié)合（鋁和氧都有很強(qiáng)的親和力）。所以，鋁直到十九世紀(jì)才被人類發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Aluminum remained unknown until 19th century, because no free aluminum can be found in the nature, due to the metal can connected with other elements, most commonly with oxygen for aluminum and oxygen having strong affinity.14.It was to test the effect of mercury on the heart that the two new studies compared the mercury levels in clipping from toenails, where heavy metal tend to be deposited.重金屬通常是富集在指甲內(nèi)，于是兩項新的研究比較了腳趾甲剪取物中的汞水平，以此來考察對比心臟的影響。

英漢語序差異

1.人體T細(xì)胞白血病病毒：human T-cell leukemia virus 2.國際經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序：a new international economic order 3.第五屆全國化學(xué)生物學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會議：The 5th National Conference on Chemical Biology 4.Nation Academy of Sciences：國家科學(xué)院

5.Overview of GMP, Quality System and Compliance in the US：美國的GMP和質(zhì)量體系合規(guī)性概觀

6.common side effect of the chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer：治療癌癥的化療藥的一般副作用 7.這個通信衛(wèi)星可以在任何時間向任何地點有效的傳遞語音信號和數(shù)據(jù)信號。

The communications satellite can send voice signal and data signal to any place at anytime.8.昨天在真空中進(jìn)行了這個反應(yīng)。

The reaction is carried out in a vacuum yesterday.9.中國南京江寧區(qū)龍眠大道639號。

639 Longmian Avenue, jiangning district, Nanjing, China 10.When the gene is activated, mice exhibit symptoms that mimic depression.基因被激活，小鼠表現(xiàn)出抑郁的癥狀。

11.The temperature is between 20-25℃ in the lab no matter when it is measured.無論什么時候測量，實驗室的溫度都保持在20-25度之間。12.無論出于固態(tài)，液態(tài)或氣態(tài)，水的化學(xué)成分都保持不變。

The chemical constituents of water remains constant whether it is in solid, liquid or gaseous state.13.SELDL-TOF-MS is a rapid and sensitive proteomic technique that has been applied to identify biomarkers in various diseases.14.由于甜椒中的親脂性成分，用極性洗脫液洗脫的甜椒樣品表現(xiàn)出更高的生物活性。

The sweet pepper samples eluted with polar eluents exerted high bioactivity due to their lipophilic component.15.該項準(zhǔn)則隨后成為了全球公認(rèn)的評價口服固體劑型均勻度的非藥典測量方法。

動態(tài)，靜態(tài)及名詞化

1． 地球繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)，引起晝夜變化。

The rotation of earth its axis causes the change from day to night.2． 采用這種新裝置可以大大降低廢品率。

The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.3． 為使物體克服慣性而運動，就需要一個力。A force is needed to move an object against inertia.4． 許多學(xué)貫中西的大師的經(jīng)歷證明，學(xué)不好母語的人，也不可能真正學(xué)好外語。

The experience of many great master well versed in the learning of both Chinese and Western cultures have shown that without a mastery of his native language, it is impossible for one to be truly at home with a foreign language.增詞減詞 增詞

1.After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.2.He said he’d come to the discussion.3.Her job was sweeping, scratching, cleaning.4.I could knit when I was seven.5.This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.6.Because of its reliability and simplicity evaporation is often applied on a large scale, normally using steam as the heat source.7.Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.8.During an EL Nino the pressures over Australia, Indonesia and the Philippines are higher than normal, which results in dry conditions or even droughts.9.Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth.10.The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.11.The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related.12.Human beings have not yet been able to make an element by combining protons, neutrons and electrons.13.Air is a mixture of gases.14.Things in the universe are changing all the time.15.Plastic bowls marked microwavable are probably safer than those that aren’t.16.Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter.17.The earth’s population is doubling, the environment is being damaged.18.The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemical effects.減詞

1.由于失業(yè)率增高，美元幣值下降，股票市場處于困境之中，經(jīng)濟(jì)問題將是總統(tǒng)所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的考驗。With high unemployment, the low dollar and the distr stock market, the economy will be the president’s trail.2.你參加過花樣滑冰項目的比賽嗎？

3.陽光會破壞牛奶一類食品的維生素成分。

4.我們已經(jīng)從其他國家有計劃有選擇的進(jìn)口了一些成套的設(shè)備。5.應(yīng)探索各種途徑和手段促進(jìn)兒童語言的發(fā)展。

Various channels and ways should be explored to promote the language development of children.6.這家航空公司需要加強(qiáng)改進(jìn)和完善運行機(jī)制。

The airline company should make intensive effort to change and improve.7.回顧過去病史，未發(fā)現(xiàn)感染反復(fù)發(fā)作。

8.今年我們在引進(jìn)工作方面又取得了重大成績。9.我們積極支持生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)。

10.肯德基出了新品種的香辣雞翅。

11.抗氧化劑是某種存在于食品中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。Antioxidant is a chemical in food.12.這臺較復(fù)雜的電腦又能設(shè)計出一臺更為復(fù)雜的電腦，而且還可以一代代更加復(fù)雜精密的開發(fā)，研制下去。This more complex computer could design one still more complex and soon…

句意反譯 肯定譯為否定

1． 這份說明書不夠詳盡。The specification lacks details.2． 我們不應(yīng)該再把海洋當(dāng)成人類的生活污水和工業(yè)污水的垃圾場了。We should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent.3． 精密儀器必須保持無塵。

Precise instrument must be keep free from the dust.4． 鐵箱能使地球磁場影響不了指南針。

An iron case will keep the Earth’s magnetic field away from the compass.5． 我們無權(quán)簽此合同。

It’s beyond our power to sign the contract.6． 他們公司在產(chǎn)品的包裝和宣傳上明顯比不上競爭對手。

Their company is obviously inferior to their rival in product packing and davertisement.7.There are many other energy source in store.有很多能源尚未開發(fā)。

8.In the high altitude snow and ice remain all year.高海拔處冰雪常年不化。

9.As rubber prevents electricity from passing through it, it is used as insulating material.由于橡膠不導(dǎo)電，所以可以用作絕緣材料。

10.We have found your terms and conditions agreeable.我們對你的章程和條款沒有異議。

否定譯為肯定

1.The study of genetics will never be so all encompassing as to gobble up every subject from medicine to sociology.遺傳學(xué)幾乎包含了從藥學(xué)到社會學(xué)的所有學(xué)科。

2.The advantages of nano-structured materials do no end here.納米材料的優(yōu)點一言難盡。

3.Until recently geneticists were not interested in particular gene.基因?qū)W家最近才開始對特定基因感興趣。4.Don’t lose time in posting this letter.請及時送達(dá)這封信。

5.No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced.憑票退押金。

6.It was suggested that such devices should be designed and produced without delay.這意味著這個設(shè)施需要按時設(shè)計和生產(chǎn)。

7.Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats.冰的密度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。

8.These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 100℃ 100℃可以殺滅細(xì)菌。

9.Its importance can’t be stressed too strongly.它的重要性怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)也不為過。

10.We don’t consider melting to be chemical changes.我們認(rèn)為熔化不改變化學(xué)成分。

11.The doctor do not expect that the patient with breast cancer will recover.醫(yī)生認(rèn)為乳腺癌患者康復(fù)機(jī)率小。

12.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.搬到一個新住處要越小心越好。

物稱與人稱

1.Pork has priced itself out of his dish.豬肉太貴，他吃不起。

2.Space does not allow us to further analyze this problem here.限于篇幅，我們不能在此對這個問題做進(jìn)一步分析。3.By now optimism had given way to doubt.至此，人們不再盲目樂觀，而是疑惑重重。

4.Aminophylline does not share the usual objection to vasodilators.人們通常反對使用血管擴(kuò)張劑但并不反對使用氨茶堿。5.The exigency of the case admitted of no alternative.情況緊急，別無選擇。

6.It never occurred to me that she was dishonest.我從來沒想過她不老實。

7.There was a strike participated in by five thousand workers.五千個工人參加了罷工。

8.“There is an increased level of anxiety disproportionate to the actual risk,” says Jerrold Bushberg, who directs programs in health physics at the University of California at Davis.“It’s the dose that makes the poison.It’s not a binary thing.”

人們的焦慮情緒日益強(qiáng)烈，但實際上人們并不需要如此擔(dān)憂，只有劑量夠大，才會把人毒死，并不是非此即彼。

9.The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are know.已知電壓和電流可以確定電阻。

10.Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.有人在此講了不該講的話

11.It is said that the rhythm of tides is affected by moon.月亮影響潮汐規(guī)律。

12.突然間我想到了一個主意。

Suddenly I got an idea./Suddenly an idea struck me.13.不同的人對食物持不同的態(tài)度。

Different people have different attitude towards food./Attitudes toward food vary from person to person.14.人們一致認(rèn)為植物病毒不會感染動物，反之亦然。

It has always been assumed that plant virus cannot infect animals and vice versa.15.Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22000-student University of Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor, where the Chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria inn for lunch and later played an exhibition match.中國乒乓球隊在星期五早上參觀了坐落于安娜堡附近，擁有2200名學(xué)生的密歇根大學(xué)的現(xiàn)代化校園，并在學(xué)校自助餐廳與學(xué)生一起進(jìn)餐，然后進(jìn)行了一場表演賽。

16.There has been a striking continuous, but unexplained decline in the reported death rate of gastric carcinoma in the United States from 34 per 1,000,000 population in 1930 to 8 per 100,000 currently.據(jù)報道，美國的胃癌死亡率一直在明顯地持續(xù)下降，從1930年的0.034%到目前的0.008%，但原因不明。17.The journey from embryonated egg to the ligase chain reaction has embraced an enormous amount of work involving tissue cell culture ,enzyme immunoassay, fluorescence ,and molecular techniques.從最早的雞胚（中分離得到衣原體）發(fā)展到用連接酶鏈鎖反應(yīng)（診斷衣原體感染），醫(yī)學(xué)專家們進(jìn)行了組織細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)、酶免疫測定、熒光反應(yīng)和分子技術(shù)等大量工作。

被動語態(tài)

1.Qinghao has been used to treat malaria in China for over 2000 years.在中國使用青蒿治療瘧疾已經(jīng)有2000多年歷史了。2.There problems must be solved before the tests start.考試開始之前必須解決這些問題。

3.Pain may be treated with drugs, physical measures or surgery.藥物，物理治療，外科手術(shù)可以治療疼痛。

4.The patient is questioned by a doctor about his present complaint and the date of the onset of the disease.醫(yī)生詢問病人現(xiàn)在的情況以及疾病開始的時間。

5.Several elements and compounds may be extracted directly from seawater.一些元素和化合物可以從海水中直接提取出來。

6.While a current is flowing through a wire, the latter is being heated.電線有電流通過后會發(fā)熱。

7.Weak magnetic field are know to come from the human body.已知人體會產(chǎn)生一定的微弱的磁場。

8.Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the missile is to be designed.導(dǎo)彈設(shè)計時要特別注意空氣阻力問題。

9.It is claimed that soap powders polluted the water we drink.有人聲稱肥皂粉污染了我們的飲用水源。10.心臟往往被看作是人體最重要的器官。

The heart is often regarded as the most important human organ.11.雄性Wistar大鼠20只隨機(jī)分成對照組和糖尿病組。male Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly :control group and diabetes group.12.本文以前沒有發(fā)表過，目前也沒有考慮投寄其他雜志發(fā)表。

This paper has not been previously published, also not been considered in other journal at present.13.Replication is normally carried out by the A, B, or C family polymerases with high fidelity and high processivity.復(fù)制過程通常是由具有高保真性和高持續(xù)合成性的聚合酶家族A，B或C實施的。

14.The conflict between the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents against resistance bacteria in clinic and less development of new antibiotics should be resolved by the cooperations among enterprises , government and institutions.企業(yè)、政府和科研機(jī)構(gòu)之間的合作將是解決臨床對于治療耐藥菌感染的新型藥物的迫切需求與抗菌藥研發(fā)處于低谷之間矛盾的方法。or耐藥菌感染治療急需新型抗菌藥物，而抗菌藥物的研究開發(fā)處于相對低谷,由此所產(chǎn)生的矛盾應(yīng)該由企業(yè)、政府與科研機(jī)構(gòu)合作解決。

15.Although an association between migraine and chest pain has been described, an association between migraine and coronary events has not been firmly established.雖然先前已有過關(guān)于偏頭痛和胸痛之間關(guān)聯(lián)的描述，但是偏頭痛和冠心病之間的關(guān)聯(lián)尚未確立。

漢語無主語句的英譯

1.弄不好，就會前功盡棄。

If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.2.要了解中國，可以有很多視角。

There are different angles to approach China.3.學(xué)習(xí)先進(jìn)，才有可能趕超先進(jìn)。

Only by learning from the advances is it possible for one to catch up with and surpass them.4.與其說海洋把陸地分開，不如說海洋把陸地連在一起。The ocean do not so much divide the world as unite it.5.從他家到公園很近。

It is only a stone’s throw from his house to the park.6.我的家鄉(xiāng)冬天很少下雪。It seldom snows in my hometown.7.可以采用各種方法使溫度下降。

We can take all sorts of measures to bring the temperature down.Various methods can be adopted to keep the temperature down.8.首先要保證產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。

The quality of the products must be guaranteed.9.操縱這些機(jī)器時必須小心。

Be careful when operating these machines.10.要著力解決經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展中的突出矛盾。

Efforts must be made to resolve the prominent conflicts in economic and social development.11.使用電子顯微鏡，能獲得大得多的放大倍數(shù)。

Much greater magnification can be obtained when electronic microscope is used.12.該項實驗中肯定困難很多。

There must be many difficulties in the experiment.13.沒有順利，無所謂困難；沒有困難，也無所謂順利。Without facility, there would be no difficulty, and vice versa.14.對母語是英語的人來說，根本不可能4個星期就學(xué)會漢語。

It is impossible for native English speakers to master Chinese in just four weeks.15.已經(jīng)決定幾個月后進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。

It has been decided that production should begin in a few months.16.建議采用中國生產(chǎn)的設(shè)備。

It is suggested that the equipment made in China be adopted.17.隨信附上我們新開發(fā)產(chǎn)品的樣品。

Enclosed are samples of our newly developed products.定語從句

1.Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科學(xué)家們努力探索的新領(lǐng)域。

2.Fever is a condition in which the body temperature is higher than normal.發(fā)燒是提問高于正常的情況。

3.Essential hypertension is the name given to the type of hypertension for which no cause can be found.原因不明的高血壓成為原發(fā)性高血壓。

4.The chemicals that make metabolism possible come from the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat.使新陳代謝成為可能的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來自我們呼吸的空氣、所飲的水和所吃的食物。

5.The body consists of a large number of organs, each of which has its own particular function to perform.人體由大量器官構(gòu)成，每種器官都有特殊的功能。

6.Glycogen is stored in the liver, which is released as needed in the form of glucose.糖原儲存于肝，需要時以葡萄糖的形式釋放出。

7.Operation can be performed with acupuncture analgesia, which is a great contribution to the development of medical science.手術(shù)可用針刺痛法進(jìn)行，這對醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展是一大貢獻(xiàn)。

8.The blood flows from the small arteries into the capillaries in which it gives up oxygen to the body cells and removes wastes from the tissues.血流由小動脈流入血管，在毛細(xì)血管血液把氧釋放給身體的細(xì)胞并從組織中排除廢物。

9.We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我們知道由于貓的眼睛比人的眼睛能吸收更多的光線，所以可以在夜間看的清楚。10.The disease, which may occur at any age, is most frequent in early adult life.此病可發(fā)生于任何年齡，但以年輕的成年人常見。

11.Cancer should be suspected in persons who have any of these symptoms and signs for unaccountable causes and for an unreasonable period of time.如果病人具有任何這些癥狀和體征，病因又難以說明，而且持續(xù)時間長，就應(yīng)懷疑癌癥。

12.Third world countries export their mineral deposit and tropical agriculture products, which bring them desired foreign exchange.第三世界國家出口礦物和熱帶農(nóng)作物以換取所需的外匯。13.The purpose for which electricity is used is numerous.電的用途是很多的。

14.Fortunately, there are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.幸好，有些化學(xué)燃料是潔凈無煙的。

英語長句

1.It was believed that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixed on the sound of the heart beat;if this is so, then the discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frightening new world outside.據(jù)說，在母體發(fā)育期間，胎兒的注意力可能會集中于心跳的節(jié)律；如果是這樣，那么外界相似的聲音可能會對出生后的嬰兒產(chǎn)生鎮(zhèn)靜作用，特別是剛來到這陌生又可怕的新世界的嬰兒。

2.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition , and that informing them risking destroying their hope , so that they may recover more slowly , or deteriorate faster , perhaps even commit suicide.研究表明，大多數(shù)醫(yī)生深信重病患者并不想知道他們的真實病情，冒著會毀滅他們希望的風(fēng)險告知他們事實，會使他們恢復(fù)得更慢，或者會加速惡化，甚至導(dǎo)致自殺。

3.He had cleared up those confusions which arose from different medicines that had been given a same name and different names that had been given to the same substance.同名不同藥，同藥不同名，由此造成的混淆，他都一一予以澄清。

4.It was to test the effects of mercury on the heart that two new studies compared the mercury levels in clippings from toenails,(where heavy metals tend to be deposited).因為重金屬容易在腳趾甲富集，為了測試汞對心臟的影響，所以兩項新的研究比對了從腳趾甲上剪下的碎片中的汞水平。

5.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? 比如說一個46歲的男子----在與家人外出度假之前進(jìn)行常規(guī)身體檢查---盡管他自己感覺很好，但醫(yī)生發(fā)現(xiàn)他患有某種癌癥，6個月內(nèi)會死亡，這時醫(yī)生該怎么對他講呢？

6.There is no more difference, but there is the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person ,as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales , and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.科學(xué)家的思維活動和普通人的思維活動之間存在著差別。這種差別就跟面包師或賣肉的人與化學(xué)家在操作方法上的差別一樣——前者用普通的秤稱商品的重量，后者則用天平和精密的砝碼進(jìn)行艱難復(fù)雜的定量分析。其差別不過如此而已。

7.This hope of “early discovery” of lung cancer followed by surgical cure, which currently seems to be the most effective form of therapy, is often thwarted by diverse biology behaviors in the rate and direction of growth of cancer.肺癌早期發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨后進(jìn)行外科治療，這可能是目前最有效的治療辦法，但這個希望由于肺癌生長速度和方向等生物學(xué)特征不相同而破滅。

8.Over the periods the snakes’ saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.在演化的過程中，蛇的唾液——一種溫和、助消化的像人類唾液一樣的液體——變成了甚至在今天也難以分析的毒液。

9.But scientists hope stem cells can be used to grow a range of tissues, from brain tissue to treat diseases such as Parkinson’s, in which brain cells are destroyed, to juvenile diabetes, in which key cells in the pancreas die off.但科學(xué)家希望干細(xì)胞能用來分化成一系列組織，如從腦組織到胰腺組織，用于治療由于腦細(xì)胞被破壞引起的疾病如帕金森病以及由胰腺關(guān)鍵細(xì)胞死亡引起的青少年糖尿病。

第三篇：科技英語翻譯

寧波工程學(xué)院簡介

（NINGBO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN PROFILE）

寧波工程學(xué)院是一所由寧波市政府舉辦的全日制普通本科院校，前身寧波高等專科學(xué)校創(chuàng)建于1983年5月。2004年5月升格更名為寧波工程學(xué)院。學(xué)校分東、西兩個校區(qū)，占地面積1400多畝（西校區(qū)（翠柏路）300畝；東校區(qū)（風(fēng)華路）規(guī)劃1100多畝，其中已建成約400畝），校舍建筑面積30萬平方米。現(xiàn)有11個二級學(xué)院，27個本科專業(yè)。有教職工825人，在校全日制學(xué)生9429人。Ningbo University of Technology is a Full-time regular undergraduate program university which financed by Ningbo Municipal Government,it was founded in May,1983 as Ningbo polytechnic college which was upgraded and redesignated in May,2004.(east campus and west campus with total area of 1400mu and building area of 0.3 million square,the west camps at 208Cuibai Road ,the 400mu east camps at the Fenghua Road to be developed.It is constituted of 11schoolos ,27 undergraduate-programs, registering a staff of 825,full-time admission of 9429.學(xué)校綜合辦學(xué)條件良好，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施齊備。現(xiàn)有教學(xué)儀器設(shè)備總值8989萬元，館藏圖書117萬余冊。目前學(xué)校專任教師511人，其中有碩士以上學(xué)位者297人，占58%，博士67人，占13%；副教授129人，教授56人，副高以上占36%，師資隊伍建設(shè)呈現(xiàn)良好發(fā)展態(tài)勢。

NBUT is well-equipped,in the value of 89890000RMB and a library of

1.17million volumes.The university registers a faculty of 511,of whom 297 have obtained master degrees and over 67 doctor degrees,(58% and 13% of the total respectively),and whom 129 associate professors and 56 professors(36% of the total respectively),the construction of teaching resource shows a favorable development trend.學(xué)校以學(xué)科建設(shè)為龍頭，以市場需求為導(dǎo)向，精心設(shè)置專業(yè)，堅持工科為主，多學(xué)科協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。學(xué)校不斷提高專業(yè)建設(shè)水平，辦好優(yōu)勢專業(yè)，扶植特色專業(yè)，全面實施“321教學(xué)質(zhì)量工程”。現(xiàn)有省級重點學(xué)科1個，重點專業(yè)2個，精品課程5門，省級示范基礎(chǔ)實驗室。

Directed to the discipline building and market demand ,NBUT attaches prime importance to program configuration with the focus upon engineering courses in cooperation with others.The “321 Teaching Quality Project” is underway,in support of advantaged and specialized.Currently rated at provincial level is a parcel of fruits,a key note program,two key note major programs and five excellent courses,model basis laboratory.學(xué)校加強(qiáng)科研基地和隊伍建設(shè)，大力開展應(yīng)用性科技研究和發(fā)展，現(xiàn)有科研機(jī)構(gòu)十余個2008年已獲國家級項目5項，省級項目14項；發(fā)表論文282篇，其中三大檢索論文48篇，CSSCI來源期刊論文14篇；實現(xiàn)專利轉(zhuǎn)讓2項。學(xué)校積極推進(jìn)產(chǎn)學(xué)研結(jié)合，科研成果的應(yīng)用轉(zhuǎn)化成效良好。

NBUT provides an impetus to the growth of research basis under personal,in view of applied R&D.Available on the campuses are over ten research basis.The 2009 saw the research proceeds in the amount of over 40million RMB,three state Natural Science Fund,5 PNSF projects ,the publication of 282 theses,of which 56 are retrieved into SCI,EI and ISTP,and 14 into CSSCI,along with the transfer of two patents.2008年，為進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)學(xué)校與地方政府、企業(yè)以及高等院校、科研院所之間的聯(lián)系與合作，啟動了“雙合作”工作，初見成效。與鎮(zhèn)海區(qū)簽訂了全面科技合作協(xié)議；與中國社會科學(xué)院合作共建國際港口與物流研究中心；與中國科學(xué)院寧波材料技術(shù)與工程研究所共建專業(yè)實驗室。

The Double coo-program/Scheme was launched in 2008 to keep in close contact with the local government and the above-mentioned institutions.Agreements were signed covering all round science and Technology Cooperation with Zhenhai district, the jointly-built international sea-ports and logistics research-canteen with China of society science, the jointly-built specialized lib with Ningbo Medical Technology and engineering institute under China of science.學(xué)校以應(yīng)用開發(fā)型高級技術(shù)人才為培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)，積極探索“知行合一，雙核協(xié)同”的人才培養(yǎng)模式。學(xué)校注重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的實踐能力，組織參加省級以上專業(yè)競賽，屢獲佳績。畢業(yè)生深受地方用人單位的歡迎，初次就業(yè)率一直保持在95%以上。

Aimed to cultivating the advanced technical talents in applied R&D,NBUT is seeking after about the educational mode of knowledge and practice in “Oneness” and “Double-Kernel Link” students are encouraged to take part in the specialized competition at province level with outstanding awards.Graduates are welcome to local companies.The first employment rate is kept over than 95%.學(xué)校廣泛開展對外合作，借鑒國外先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗，強(qiáng)化外向型辦學(xué)特色。1984年即與亞琛應(yīng)用科技大學(xué)結(jié)對，是全國四所中德合作研究院校之一。先后與澳大利亞、德國等多國的大學(xué)建立校際合作關(guān)系并開展合作辦學(xué)、師生交流和合作研究。學(xué)校設(shè)有寧高出國留學(xué)服務(wù)中心。

NBUT extensive corporation with the foreign university is promote.AS early as 1984,NBUT set up the sister relations with Aachen Applied Te-University ranked among colleges in China for Sino-German join educational program.Bilateral have been earlier or later established with a dozen of universities Australia、German and some other countries in regular of the degree program, exchanges of teacher and students , joint research projects.NG O-S-S is attached NBUT.學(xué)校全方位、多層次構(gòu)建高格調(diào)、高水平、高質(zhì)量的校園文化，著力塑造“知行合一”的辦學(xué)理念，積極發(fā)揮環(huán)境育人的功能，努力營造特色鮮明、文明和諧、健康向上的校園文化氛圍，全面提高學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)。

Due efforts are distributed to the educational mode” knowledge and practice in oneness,double-kernel link” in the hope of achieving a lofty advanced and harmonious campus culture and training the well-developed students.

第四篇：英語翻譯技巧

淺談英譯漢注意事項

1．總的原則（1）翻譯時既要忠實于原文，又要符合漢語的習(xí)慣（2）翻譯不可太拘泥。拘泥、刻板的翻譯因死守原文語言形式而損害了原文思想內(nèi)容。好的譯文應(yīng)該是形式與內(nèi)容的統(tǒng)一（3）能夠直譯盡量不意譯（4）翻譯的過程應(yīng)該是先理解后表達(dá)。現(xiàn)就這一點作進(jìn)一步論述。

2．結(jié)合英文寫作特點對語言進(jìn)行整體理解首先，英文段落的首句一般為topic sentence，然后展開說明。展開的寫法有多種，可分可總，可下定義，可同義重復(fù)，可以代詞復(fù)指等。利用這一技巧，先通 讀全文，便能更好的理解文章的意思，把握段與段之間的關(guān)系，在翻譯時就能在上下文中確定詞義，從而進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的翻譯.其次，具體而言：（1）對詞的理解可以從構(gòu)思法、詞的搭配關(guān)系和詞匯之間的邏輯關(guān)系等方面入手（2）對句子的理解可以從句子的內(nèi)在邏輯、成分之間的從屬關(guān)系和句子的語法組成等方面來實現(xiàn)（3）對于長句，可采用如下譯法：順譯法：按照原文順序譯逆續(xù)法：順序與原文順序相反重復(fù)法：重復(fù)前一個詞 分譯法：一個句子分成幾個部分來翻譯括號法：在譯文后加括號進(jìn)行解釋和說明等終合法：綜合運用上述各種方法

3．表達(dá) 正確理解原文后，還要通過適當(dāng)?shù)姆g技巧用規(guī)范的漢語表達(dá)出來。這些技巧有：（1）增詞法。根據(jù)需要增加一些詞語，如名詞等（2）減詞法。根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣，刪去一些詞（3）肯否表達(dá)法。原文為肯定句，譯成漢語是為增強(qiáng)修飾效果，可以譯為否定句。反之亦然（4）變換法，名詞譯成動詞或動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞等

（5）分合法。一個長句可分成若干部分來譯，或者把原文的幾個簡單句用一個句子表達(dá)出來。

（6）省略法：兩種語言由于存在差異，表達(dá)時不可能總是對等，經(jīng)常可以省略一些詞和句子成分，如英語中的冠詞漢語里沒有，譯時可以省略4．應(yīng)試中還應(yīng)注意的問題（1）詞的指代問題要搞清楚（2）漢語知識的應(yīng)用，如修辭等（3）部分否定和否定重點。部分否定，如not all;否定重點，如I don't teach because I have knowledge.(我并非因為有知識才去教書)。否定重點為because, 而不是teach。（4）虛擬語氣。這種語法現(xiàn)象有時并非只表示字面意思，它經(jīng)常有感情色彩，譯時要注意。

（5）要認(rèn)真地通讀全文，根據(jù)上下文來確定詞義、句意，切不可斷章取義，望文生義.5．核對原文 既要核對譯文是否準(zhǔn)確、通順，還要注意關(guān)鍵詞的采分點。同時不要忘記全文結(jié) 構(gòu)的表達(dá)，這部分還有0.5分呢

第五篇：推銷理論與技巧公選心得體會

《推銷理論與技巧》

心得體會

課程名稱：推銷理論與技巧 院

系：信息技術(shù)學(xué)院

班

級：2010級計算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)（1）班 姓

名： 學(xué)

號：

任課教師：馬寧老師

昆明學(xué)院 《推銷理論與技巧》心得體會

一個學(xué)期的《推銷理論與技巧》公選課程就要結(jié)束了，雖然，只是短短的十六周的課堂學(xué)習(xí)，但是，作為一門思考與實踐相結(jié)合的課程，在馬寧老師的帶領(lǐng)下，我收獲了許許多多原本課堂上學(xué)不到的東西。

什么是推銷？推銷就是在推銷中說服和誘導(dǎo)潛在購買者購買某種商品和服務(wù)，從而實現(xiàn)企業(yè)營銷目標(biāo)并滿足顧客需求的活動。推銷可以從狹義和廣義來定義，從狹義來說就是：推銷就是創(chuàng)造出人們的需求，也就是運用一切可能的方法把產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)提供給顧客，使其接受或購買。而從廣義來說就是：推銷是一種說服、暗示，也是一種溝通、要求。我們的課程內(nèi)容，大多是從推銷的廣義釋義出發(fā)的，在生活中我們無時無刻不用到推銷的技巧，在生活中的高覆蓋率和高實用性，是我傾心于這門課程的原因之一。

就像馬老師說的，善于推銷的人士通常都具備五種心態(tài)，即學(xué)習(xí)的心態(tài)、老板的心態(tài)、積極的心態(tài)、感恩的心態(tài)以及長遠(yuǎn)的心態(tài)。

學(xué)習(xí)的心態(tài)不是單純的說聽別人講，看別人的書。最重要的是要有一個空杯的心態(tài)。學(xué)習(xí)之前一定要將知識歸零，不要用自己固定的思維去學(xué)習(xí)和思考問題，如果自己還不是最優(yōu)秀的，那么，肯定是因為有出問題的地方，而自己卻沒有發(fā)覺而已，往往我們所深信的，就是桎梏我們前進(jìn)的障礙。另外，學(xué)習(xí)一定要持之以恒并且重復(fù)不斷。

老板首先是一個能夠獨立解決問題的人，其次是一個心胸開闊的人。推銷與其他工作不一樣，很需要有接受被拒絕的雅量。另外，要自律，要注重自己的個人形象。良好的形象包括內(nèi)外，首先是做人基本的素質(zhì)，遵紀(jì)守法，講求文明。外在的形象包括發(fā)型皮膚體態(tài)著裝，都必須至少能讓人看得過去。還有就是必須的強(qiáng)烈的成功欲望，只有自己強(qiáng)烈的想要，才能得到，從這個角度講，心想事成是宇宙法則。

不管發(fā)生什么事情，都要積極面對，我覺得，無論什么事情都是好事。塞翁失馬，焉知非福。還要有自信心，信心源自對產(chǎn)品、服務(wù)的了解和迅速的行動。一定要把主動積極變成一種習(xí)慣，變成我們生活中的常態(tài)，也就不會覺得難以堅持。

常懷感恩的心，對家人，對朋友。對人誠摯，懂得用真心誠意待人，只有感恩的人才會得到尊重和認(rèn)同。盡可能多的講感恩的話，當(dāng)然不是說要拍馬屁，其實，每一個人都不容易，贊美和鼓勵下的人擁有更高的工作效率和激情。珍惜身邊的親情和友情和愛情。珍惜才會擁有，感恩才會天長地久。

在日新月異的發(fā)展中的社會，我們?yōu)槿颂幨佬枰e極的心態(tài)，但是并不能理解為著急。我們需要投資，但不能理解為投機(jī)。要善于修建管道，而不要熱衷于追尋眼前利益。小聰明是戰(zhàn)術(shù)，大智慧是戰(zhàn)略，小聰明看到的是芝麻，大智慧看到的是西瓜。

有了良好的狀態(tài)和心態(tài)，要有正確的方向，做出一個正確的選擇，然后付出不亞于任何人的努力，將成功變成一種習(xí)慣。有時候會很忙碌，但是，寧愿因為夢想而無法忙碌，也不要因為忙碌而無法夢想。

推銷是一門極具技巧的學(xué)問，除了一些大的方向，可能更要注意的是一些細(xì)枝末節(jié)。在和客戶溝通的時候，一個不好的小習(xí)慣就有可能顛覆你之前辛苦維護(hù)的形象。我曾經(jīng)看過一個關(guān)于原一平的故事，這樣一位日本推銷界的傳奇人物，是憑什么能屹立不倒？有一天晚上，原一平先生洗漱完畢躺在床上準(zhǔn)備睡覺，思考總結(jié)一天的工作之后發(fā)覺還有一位客戶沒有訪問，于是，原一平先生換掉睡衣，梳好頭發(fā)穿上西裝皮鞋打好領(lǐng)帶，給客戶打了一個電話，然后，脫掉西裝皮鞋換上睡衣，睡覺！他妻子說：你瘋了，我以為你這樣是要出去，誰知道不過是打一個電話！”這就是一個頂級推銷員的素質(zhì)！注意任何可能導(dǎo)致失敗的細(xì)節(jié)，一工作就馬上有工作的狀態(tài)和激情！要想要巔峰的事業(yè)，首先必須要有巔峰的狀態(tài)。

除了給我們講解有關(guān)推銷商品產(chǎn)品、理念觀點的推銷技巧，馬老師還悉心教授了有關(guān)自我推銷的很多內(nèi)容。自我推銷，顧名思義就是講自己推銷給自己想要歸屬的公司或領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，通常在新職位的面試中占有非常大的比重。自我推銷的關(guān)鍵就是讓面試人員對自己的印象深一些、再深一些，讓面試官發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的亮點，這樣我們才有機(jī)會在條件均等、素質(zhì)無差的眾多的面試應(yīng)聘者中取得先機(jī)，最終贏得機(jī)會。但亮點的自然展示是需要自己平時對于文化素質(zhì)、肢體動作、語言技巧與個人修養(yǎng)的深刻積淀的，這就更要求我們在走上工作崗位以前要努力的完善自我，以萬全的準(zhǔn)備來迎接不可知的將來，抓住隨時可能降臨的機(jī)遇，最終取得成功。

在學(xué)期即將結(jié)束的今天，回顧一個學(xué)期的課程，我所學(xué)到的東西是令我受益終生的。感謝馬老師在我們需要學(xué)習(xí)儲備這些必要知識素質(zhì)的大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)中給我們帶來的重要的課程，我們一定不負(fù)眾望，以學(xué)習(xí)這門課程為起點，更加努力的擴(kuò)充相關(guān)知識，提升相關(guān)素質(zhì)，在不遠(yuǎn)的將來將其運用于我們的工作生活當(dāng)中，創(chuàng)造價值、創(chuàng)造幸福！