第一篇：科技英語翻譯 課后答案

科技英語翻譯

1.1 翻譯的標準 第1節 翻譯練習1 The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.動力裝置是船舶的心臟。

驅動這些機器的動力裝置是一臺50馬力的感應電動機。

第1節 翻譯練習2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半導體裝置也稱為晶體管，在許多場合替代電子管。

我們知道，所有的物體都有重量并占據空間。

空間狹窄，旅客的兩腿就不能自由活動。

第1節 翻譯練習3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中的礦物質叫做軟化。

雙子葉植物典型的營養葉由兩個主要部分組成：葉片和葉柄。

1.2 對譯者的要求 第4節 翻譯練習1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.All four(outer planets)probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.愛因斯坦的相對論是能解釋這種現象的唯一理論。（直譯）

這四顆外層行星的內核可能都由金屬、硅酸鹽和水構成。（意譯）The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs.Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product.設計師必須備有所使用材料的儲備表。（意譯）

要使印刷品的質量達到要求，部件調試及修理就必須定期進行。（意譯）

第4節 翻譯練習2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water.The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia.The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生長的各因素中最重要的是水的供應。（合譯）

太陽的大小看起來有變化，這是由于靠近地平線的空氣中有塵粒而引起的。（分譯）醫生對血樣作了分析，看是不是貧血癥。（分譯）

These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.這些石塊和鐵塊的碎片大小不等，大的直徑有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分譯）制造過程可以分為單件生產和大量生產。前者指的是生產少量的零件，后者則是指生產大量相同的零件。（分譯）第4節 翻譯練習3 Cartography is the science of making maps.Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes.制圖學是研究繪制地圖的科學。（增譯）

人們發現，自然界里許多元素，都是各種不同的同位素的混合物。（增譯）

The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current.That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity.電學上最常用的兩個單位是安培和伏特：后者是電壓的單位，前者是電流的單位。（增譯）同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸是電學的一個基本規律。（省譯）

第4節 翻譯練習4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge.The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity.The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation.幾乎任何一種絕緣體都多少具有保留電荷一段時間的能力。向心推力軸承有較大的軸向承載能力。通過改變晶粒的方向可以改變焊縫的性能。2.1 詞義的選擇 第1節 翻譯練習1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other.The earth isn’t completely round;it is slightly flattened at the poles.In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field.錠子同時繞兩個互相垂直的軸旋轉。（介詞）

粒子每運轉一周都從振蕩電場獲取新的能量。（名詞）地球并非完全是圓的，它的兩極略扁平。（形容詞）

An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom.Her waist measures forty inches round.電子是繞原子核轉動且帶有負電荷的極其微小的粒子。（動詞）她腰圍40英寸。（副詞）

第1節 翻譯練習2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool.Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data.To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width.Certain isotopes are not found in nature.人們發現鉆孔速度與工具所受的凈壓力成正比。

求一正方形或長方形的面積，你只需將其長度乘以寬度。科學家們總是力求找到快速而簡便的方法獲得定量數據。有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。

New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry.Kangaroos are found in Australia.This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers.Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors.Plastics find wide application in our daily life.大袋鼠產于澳大利亞。

這種植物生長在近河口的海中。

新發明的纖維在工程和工業領域得到越來越廣泛的應用。微型計算機已經應用于智能傳感器的生產中。塑料在我們的日常生活中得到廣泛應用。第2節 翻譯練習1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls.Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands being contained on a punched tape.The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen.滾動阻力的起因在于滾動體的配合面和它滾動的滾道的變形。（技術性引申）

通常，數控機床的編程是脫機完成的，指令載于穿孔帶上。（技術性引申）大片大片漂浮的藻類的出現導致很多魚因缺氧而死亡。（修辭引申）

The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy.The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor.The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions.Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors.元件技術中起主要作用的是半導體元件。（具體化引申）兩板之間的距離相對于其寬度和長度而言比較小。（具體化引申）

隨著鈾核和钚核的裂變，會有極其巨大的能量釋放處理。（修辭性引申）正像不同的固體和液體的密度不同一樣，不同的氣體和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具體化引申）The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation.Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure.At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant.The facts have been set down in black and white.顯然，其結構還有較大的改進余地。（抽象化引申）目前，煤是火電廠最常用的能源。（抽象化引申）

居里夫婦堅信，自然界中有一種物質能放出輻射能。（具體化引申）這些事實已經清清楚楚地記錄下來了。（抽象化引申）2.3 詞類的轉換 第3節 翻譯練習1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination.What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf.We should get familiar with different systems of units.每次取一個標本測定顏色。

可以肯定，這場石油泄漏事件對波斯灣的生態是個慘重的打擊。我們應該熟悉各種（計量）單位制。

These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design---not just to mechanical engineering design.Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators.When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons.常以氫氣代替空氣來冷卻大型汽輪發電機。

第二次世界大戰結束后，人們發現德國人在研制核武器方面離成功還很遠。

這些判定過程可以應用于工程設計的整個領域，而不僅僅限于機械工程設計。Various precautions have been taken against leakage.Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F.Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost.This new model should appeal to potential buyers.一旦進入烘干爐，板材就處于365華氏度的溫度條件下。價值的定義是功能或性能與成本的數值比。

已采取了各種措施防止滲漏。

這種新式樣對潛在的買主肯定有吸引力。

Galileo’s experiments are not difficult, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill.Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird;sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time.Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions.有時科學家觀察一物體及其特征，例如一顆星或一只鳥；有時科學家觀察某一事件，即在一特定時間所發生的事。

地震對于生命的破壞通常大于火山爆發。

伽利略的實驗并不難，也沒有證據表明他是以非凡的技能來做實驗的。Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating.How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air.This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor.一種燃料燃燒的速度有多快，取決于它與氧氣或空氣混合的均勻程度。這就是線圈常被叫做電感器的原因。

應當慢慢加熱，以避免發生局部過熱現象。第3節 翻譯練習2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure.The metal casts well.A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic;the plastic is insulation round the wire.幾乎材料的一切有用特性都與其內部的結構有密切的關系。這種金屬有良好的鑄造性能。

傳導電流的導線包有塑料，該塑料便是導線周圍的絕緣材料。

There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet.Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged.Safety in a power plant is of great importance.Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits.安全在電廠是非常重要的。現代發報機大多采用固體電路。有許多方法來確定磁場周圍的磁力分布狀況。潤滑良好可保護軸承不受損傷。

E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce.These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior.Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886.這些概念常常夸大了機器人與人類在形體和行為方面的相似之處。《電子化工商務》目前主要提供兩個層次的有關化學、塑料和能源電子商務的在線商務信息服務。

直到1886年人們發現電解法還原鋁之前，鋁一直是一種昂貴的珍品。

Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts.由于有些材料不像另一些那樣容易被損壞，所以有可能研制出防輻射的零件。2.4 詞的增譯

第4節 翻譯練習2 第4節 翻譯練習1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor.Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affected by still another problem---weightlessness.By minimizing the microscopic imperfections scientists are making far stronger ceramics.這一作用從外表上看來像電容器的放電現象。

一旦離開了地球的引力范圍，宇航員又遇到了另一個問題——失重。科學家們正通過最大限度地減小微觀缺陷來制造強度高得多的陶瓷。Atomic cells are small and very light, as compared to ordinary dry ones.Transistors can make previously large equipment much smaller.Astronomers have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as companions.天文學家有證據表明，還有其他一些恒星也可能有黑洞作為伴星。和普通電池相比，原子電池體積小、重量輕。晶體管能使原先體積大的設備變得小得多。

The key to the new materials is researchers’ increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.The largest and most expensive products cannot, because of their size, be testable in the factory.Cold rolling enables the operators to produce rolls of accuracy and uniformity, and with a better surface finish.最大最貴的產品，因為體積大，在該工廠里是不能檢驗的。

開發新材料的關鍵在于研究人員不斷提高在分子一級上處理物質的能力。

冷軋可使操作工生產出精確度高、均勻度好的軋制件，并具有更好的表面光潔度。All these factors play a key role in formulation of the model.PCs are not the most stable, and with video editing you have to be extra careful.This method makes it easy to identify the various components.在擬訂模型時，所有這些因素都將起到關鍵性的作用。這個方法使人們很容易識別各種不同的構成成分。

個人電腦一般并不太穩定，所以，進行視頻編輯時需要加倍小心。第4節 翻譯練習2 It was estimated that the power of an average horse is equal to 500 feet-pounds per second.Panel patch is one gauge heavier than thickness of original skin.Studies have shown that information can be communicated to people many times faster in a graphic form than in written form.據估計，一匹普通馬的功率等于500英尺-磅力/秒。

補塊比原板的厚度大一號。

眾多研究表明，以圖形表示的信息被人們接受的速度比以文字表示的快許多倍。The chemist is making an analysis of the poison.It appears that the construction of the dam has had a considerable effect on the ecology of the region.The receiver will operate reliably no matter what happens.無論發生什么情況，這臺接收機都將可靠地工作。藥劑師正對毒性進行分析。

看來，建造水壩對這一地區的生態已經有相當大的影響。

Radiant, electrical and chemical energies can all be turned into heat.The frequency, wave length and speed of sound are closely related.Noise figure is minimized by parametric amplifier.頻率、波長和聲速三者是密切相關的。

輻射能、電能和化學能這三種能均可轉變為熱能。采用參量放大器即可將噪音系數減小至最低限度。

In the absence of sufficient knowledge confusion exists in classifying a specimen as a butterfly or a moth.Lead can be hammered into very thin sheets without being broken.There are a number of devices that give an electric current when light falls on them, without any chemical changes taking place.如果沒有足夠的知識，就分不清標本是屬蝶類還是蛾類。

有許多器件在受光照射時能產生電流，但不發生任何化學變化。鉛能被錘成很薄的薄片而不破裂。2.5 詞的省譯

第5節 翻譯練習1 The fact that the concrete is slow in setting is no sign that it is of poor quality.Such an engine is called an internal combustion engine.The symptoms of hepatitis are similar no matter which virus is involved.混凝土凝固得慢并不表示其質量差。這種發動機成為內燃機。

肝炎不管是由何種病毒引起的，其癥狀均大同小異。

This critical deficiency was itself due to three factors which interacted with each other over the entire period.The properties change in going from carbon to graphite.The design choices hinge upon considerations of gain, noise figure, and so forth.設計選擇的關鍵在于考慮增益、噪音系數等等。

這個關鍵性的逆差來源于三個始終互相影響的因素。碳轉變成石墨時，其性質也發生了變化。Temperatures may reach 700°C and surface oxidation becomes critical.If the atomic nucleus of a heavy element is split, a large amount of energy is released.The discovery of enzymes is very important because it gave impetus to a series of experiments.分裂一重元素的原子核，會釋放出很大的能量。溫度高達700攝氏度，表面氧化便成為關鍵問題。酶的發現很重要，因為它推動了一系列試驗的進行。

Apart from the fact that it may become hot, no apparent change occurs in a metal when it is carrying a current.This equipment forms an integral part of many advanced systems.There was a rise in temperature, and as a result, the component failed.金屬有電流通過時，除了金屬可能變熱外沒有什么顯著變化。溫度升高了，結果元件出了故障。

這個設備是許多先進系統不可缺少的一部分。

If there is little cooling water available, a diesel engine makes an excellent prime mover for generation below 10,000 kVA.There was a block in the pipe and the water could not flow away.如果能利用的冷卻水不多，則柴油發動機可以成為極好的發電10000千伏安以下的原動機。水管被東西堵住，水流不出去。2.6 重復法

第6節 翻譯練習1 The properties of gas are quite different from those of liquid.The electric resistance of copper is not so large as that of iron.The three gas laws are true of all gases, as well as of air.氣體的性質與液體的性質大不相同。（重復名詞）氣體三定律不但適用于空氣，也適用于所有氣體。（重復動詞）銅的電阻不像鐵的電阻那樣大。（重復名詞）Matter changes not only in state but also in volume.Continuous data can be expressed in either fractions or whole numbers.物質不僅形態改變而且體積也改變。（重復動詞）連續資料可以用分數表示，也可以用整數表示。（重復動詞）3.1 名詞的譯法 第1節 翻譯練習1 In an unusual application, this organization uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and goings of its residents.A capacitor is used to eliminate sparking when a circuit containing inductance is suddenly opened.一個不同尋常的用途是：這個機構使用指紋掃描器監視居住人員的進出。當含有電感的電路突然斷開時，可用電容器消除火花。第1節 翻譯練習2 The comparison reveals that the error is due to aliasing.The scans confirmed that the subjects’ brains dealt with words in ways that contradict one hoary old idea.The latest research with radioactive isotopes has shown that this assumption is quite wrong.比較結果表明，誤差是由于名稱不同而造成的。

掃描結果證實，受試者的大腦處理詞的方式同一種古老的舊觀念不一致。對放射性同位素的最新研究結果表明，這種設想是完全錯誤的。Metals differ in the ease with which they give up electrons and enter into chemical combination.Internal-shoe drum brakes provide better protection from water and dust.People on earth are protected from the dangerous ultraviolet radiation of the sun by a layer or ozone that spans the planet and absorbs the radiation.各種金屬放出電子和參與化學反應的難易程度不一。內蹄式鼓形制動器的防水、防塵性能比較好。

地球上的人們受到包圍著地球并能吸收輻射的一層臭氧層的保護，從而免受危險的太陽紫外線輻射的傷害。

According to the molecular theory the temperature of an object depends on the average speed of its molecules.Effectiveness of temperature control depends upon the amount of lubricant supplied, the ambient temperature, and the external cooling.根據分子理論的原理，物體的溫度取決于其分子的平均速度。

溫度控制的效果取決于潤滑劑的用量、環境溫度以及外部的冷卻設施。第1節 翻譯練習3 Particular attention should be given to hoses to ensure that chafing does not occur.The primary concern of electrical engineering is the doing of work by the delivery of energy.Gene piracy is not new.All plants and animals need carbon for growth.要特別注意軟管，保證沒有擦傷。竊取基因不是新鮮事。

電工學主要關注的是通過輸送能量做功的情況。所有動植物均需要碳才能生長。第1節 翻譯練習4 The experiment was a success.Semiconductor devices can perform a variety of control function in electronic equipment.這個試驗是成功的。

半導體在電子設備中能起各種各樣的控制作用。3.2 冠詞的譯法 第2節 翻譯練習1 A polymer is a substance of high molecular weight.Being a good insulator, rubber is often used in cables.The patient was administered the mixture twice a week.These machines may be oiled once or twice a month.聚合物是一種高分子的物質。這種混合劑病人每周服用兩次。

橡膠是一種良好的絕緣體，所以經常使用在電纜上。這些機器每個月可以加一次或兩次油。第2節 翻譯練習2 A bearing can be defined as a member specifically designed to support moving machine components.Use a transformer and power at low voltage can be changed into power at high voltage.An object at rest has no kinetic energy, its velocity being zero.軸承可以定義為一種專門用于支撐運動著的機器零件的構件。靜止的物體沒有動能，因為它的速度為零。使用變壓器可將低壓電轉變為高壓電。第2節 翻譯練習3 作為固定詞組時的省譯： on a large scale a majority of a wealth of as a result 結果，因此 大規模地 大多數的 大量的

第2節 翻譯練習4 The machine is intended for grinding the top and bottom surfaces of tungsten carbide tips.The mechanism has been termed cumulative feedback inhibition.該機床是供磨削硬質合金刀片上下表面用的。這種機制就叫做累加反饋抑制。第2節 翻譯練習5 The basic job of the computer is the processing of information.The main effect is to raise the fundamental slosh mode frequency.計算機的基本任務是處理信息。主要作用在于提高基本的晃動頻率。第3章 總復習題

Other factors affect the configuration of the total system.In normal flight the hatch doors fair into the fuselage.Energy can neither be created, nor destroyed by any means known to man.另一些因素則將影響整個系統的結構。飛行正常時，艙門與機身平整貼合。

用人們已知的方法，既不能創造能量也不能消滅能量。

It is customary to refer to design levels as high or low on component complexity.The main economy of the system stems from the ability to move cars in a continuous train without uncoupling.He is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.他對電子計算機的操作是陌生的。

習慣上根據部件的復雜程度把設計級稱為高設計級和低設計級。

此系統的主要經濟之處在于它能移動列車的車廂而不必將它們脫鉤分開。A key element in system capacity planning is the financial cost of performance.The assembler can expand the key words in the assembly code into their full instruction set.The flame does not touch the flask directly.這種匯編程序能把匯編碼中的關鍵字擴展成完整的指令集。系統能力計劃中關鍵因素是性能的金融成本。火焰沒有直接接觸燒瓶。

The study of the strength of solids involves the study of the defects in the crystalline structure.The problem was solved by the provision of a compensating jet.The rusting of iron is the slow chemical combination of the elements iron and oxygen in moist atmosphere.研究固體的強度，就必須研究晶體結構中的缺陷。鐵生銹是鐵元素和氧元素在濕空氣中緩慢化合的現象。通過安裝一個補償噴嘴，解決了這個問題。

The decay of organic matter is a slow oxidation by oxygen in the air.In order to improve a certain kind of battery, Edison spent almost ten years and made nearly 50,000 experiments.有機物的腐爛是空氣中的氧引起的一種緩慢氧化過程。

為了改善一種電池的性能，愛迪生花了差不多十年時間，做了近50000次試驗。4.1 代詞的一般譯法 第1節 翻譯練習1 In this cell the light incident on the sensitive surface of the cell causes the photo-electric emission of electrons from the surface, and these electrons are attracted to the other electrode.The owl can hear a mouse chewing and fly down on it, even though it is hidden from sight under a pile of leaves.在這種電池中，照在電池光敏表面光電效應而發射電子，而這些電子被吸引到另一電極。即使老鼠躲藏在一堆葉子下看不見的地方，貓頭鷹也能聽見老鼠咀嚼的聲音而飛下來襲擊它。

This might be compared with the mumble of wavelengths of sound that go to make up ordinary noise.這可以與雜亂的聲波相比，一般的噪音就是由這種雜亂的聲波組成的。

第1節 翻譯練習2 Drawing electrons away from the atom causes it to have a net positive electric charge.Each crystal should have a shape as much like that of the other crystals as possible.將電子與原子分離會使原子帶上純凈正電荷。每一結晶的形狀應與其他結晶的形狀盡可能相似。第1節 翻譯練習3 Every element retains its identity no matter how it is finely divided.Astronomers can estimate the size and brightness of a star by its color.每種元素不論分得怎樣細小，它仍保持其特征。

天文學家根據恒星的顏色可以估計它的大小和亮度。第1節 翻譯練習4 Many processes have already been proposed, and one possible future process is a smelting reduction.It is possible to work backward from the known strength and determine what factor of safety was used.Each is a solid sphere with a metallic core surrounded by silicate shells.我們能夠由已知的強度反過來求出所用的安全系數。

它們每一顆都是由硅酸鹽外殼包圍著金屬內核的固態球體。

人們已經提出了很多方法，未來可能的選擇之一就是熔融還原法。第1節 翻譯練習5 In this chapter our task is to find out what the air is made of.Today we have a fairly clear idea of what goes on inside of atom.Practically all of the heat energy received by the earth comes from the sun.現在我們對原子內部的情況已相當清楚了。地球所得到的熱能幾乎都來自于太陽。

在這一章中，我們的任務是弄清空氣的構成成分。4.2 人稱代詞的譯法 第2節 翻譯練習1 You can decide what resolution and compression level is best for your output.We’ll do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity.You can find the density of a body providing you know its mass and volume.We must be very careful to avoid trying to express energy in terms of power units.我們將盡一切努力來改善電力供應。

只要知道物體的質量和體積，就可求出物體的密度。你可以決定哪種溶解和壓縮程度對成品最好。必須注意避免用功率單位表示能量。第2節 翻譯練習2 It may require the taking of a large sample as in macro analysis.If an atom contains three protons, it must have three electrons to be electrically neutral.如果一個原子有三個質子，這個原子必然有三個電子來使其呈電中性。它可能要求像宏觀分析中那樣采用大的樣本。4.3 形容詞性物主代詞的譯法 第3節 翻譯練習1 The density of anything is its mass per unit volume.Each substance shows an individual structure of its own.One of the drawbacks of the early lasers was their inability to operate continuously.每一種物質都顯示出它自己的獨特結構。任何物體的密度是它的每單位體積的質量。早期激光器的缺點之一是它們不能連續地工作。第3節 翻譯練習2 In their workshop there is no one who understands how a computer uses its tubes.Transistors are more advantageous to vacuum tubes for their being small and light.The transformer cannot be called a machine because of its having no moving parts.晶體管優于真空管，因為它尺寸小、重量輕。

在他們車間，無人能理解計算機是怎樣使用其電子管的。變壓器不能稱為機器，因為它沒有轉動的部件。第3節 翻譯練習3 According to their ability to conduct electric current, all materials may be classified into three major categories: conductors, semiconductors and insulators.You shouldn’t have touched the wire with your wet hands.你不該用濕手觸摸導線。

根據導電的性能不同，所有的材料可分為三大類：導體、半導體和絕緣體。第3節 翻譯練習4 Heating semiconductors means increasing their conductivity.Triangles can be classified according to their angles or the relative lengths of their sides.According to their composition, these raw materials may be separated into three groups.The brain has its managing system.三角形可按照其角度或其相對邊長來分類。

根據這些原材料的構成成分，它們可以分為三種類型。加熱半導體就會增加其導電率。大腦有自己的管理系統。4.4 指示代詞的譯法 第4節 翻譯練習1 All atoms, except those of hydrogen, contain one or more neutrons in the nucleus.The speed of the object approaches that of light.The geometry of the test specimens differs from the geometry of those used in tension tests.所用試件的形狀和尺寸與拉伸試驗的試件不同。除了氫原子外，所有的原子都有一個或幾個中子。該物體的速度接近光速。第4節 翻譯練習2 It diffracts the diffracted beam and this means that it generates an inverse transform.Heat is a form of energy and that is known to all of us.They used the transformers of poor quality, and this caused the whole power supply system break down.他們用了一批劣質的變壓器，使得整個供電系統陷于癱瘓。熱是能的一種形式，這是大家都知道的。

它對衍射光束發生衍射，這意味著它產生了一個逆變換。第4節 翻譯練習3 This is a simple criterion that guarantees the existence of such a representation.The percentage of such cases among surgical patients can be determined in the following manner.在接受手術的病人中，這樣的病例所占的百分比可用下述方法確定。這是確保這種等值表達式存在的一個簡單標準。第4節 翻譯練習4 As a rule solids and liquids expand when heated, water does the same except near its freezing point.The same is true when an alternating voltage is applied to a resistance.按照固體和液體遇熱膨脹的原理，水除了接近其冰點的情況之外也是如此。當交流電壓加在電阻上時，情況也是一樣的。

第4節 翻譯練習5 All motion in this universe is the form of successively rising and falling.Series do have the advantage of increasing resistance to reduce current when this is desirable.串聯電路的確有這樣的優點：在需要時可以增加電阻來減少電流。宇宙內的一切運動，均處在連續上升和下降的狀態中。4.5 不定代詞的譯法 第5節 翻譯練習1 All these elements can be used in semiconductor manufacture.All transformers and electric machinery use magnetic material.All the shafts were cut from heavy planks of wood.所有的變壓器和電機都使用磁性材料。在半導體生產中，所有這些元件都能用上。箭桿都是用厚木板削制而成的。

Almost all who die of AIDS actually die of starvation.All the currents at node were not to add up to zero.Not all the energy from an antenna is radiated in the main beam.Not all people who test positive for the AIDS antibody get the disease AIDS.幾乎所有喪命愛滋病的患者都是死于饑餓。并非所有節點上的電流總和為零。天線能量并不都是由主波束輻射的。

并不是所有的愛滋病抗體試驗為陽性的人都患有愛滋病。第5節 翻譯練習2 The equipment will compensate for any dimensional variations caused by wheel wear.Any portion of the flight control system may be readily removed in any sequence by the removal of attaching bolts and nuts.Which, if any, of the three statements below are false? 拆卸了原裝的螺釘及螺母，便可很快地按任意順序拆除飛機控制系統的任何部分。該裝置對砂輪磨損引起的任何尺寸誤差給予補償。下面三種說法中如果有錯，那么是其中的哪一種？

What, if any, effect do you feel the imports of Canadian gas will have on the American producer? There are few, if any, of them know the construction of the transformer.你覺得進口加拿大的天然氣對美國的生產者可能產生什么影響嗎？ 他們當中幾乎沒人懂得變壓器的結構。第5節 翻譯練習3 Both alternatives are presented on the screen.Velocity is a vector quantity involving both magnitude and direction.速度是一種矢量，既有大小，又有方向。兩種選擇都在屏幕上顯示出來了。第5節 翻譯練習4 Each of the bits has a different optimum cutting speed.There are many types of efficient water pumps, each designed to meet a specific need.Every element, no matter how it is finely divided, retains its identity.效率高的水泵有多種類型，每一種都用來滿足某個特定的需要。每個鉆頭都有一個不同的最佳切割速度。

每種元素不論分得怎樣細小，仍保持該元素的特征。One half of the medium was renewed every three days.It has an error rate of one or two words in every hundred.Not every minute difference is noted.每三天更換一半溶劑。

誤差率是每百字有一兩個錯誤。

并非每一個細微的差別都被注意到了。第5節 翻譯練習5 Without electricity neither machine could be stared.I believe either method will do.我看兩種方法中的任何一種都行。沒有電，這兩臺機器都開動不了。第5節 翻譯練習6 Sometimes one finds in fossil stones the imprint of a leaf.The last sound to reach the receiving ship is the one that hits the basement.Neutrinos from a subsidiary decay process are the ones to be detected.傳到接收船上的最后的聲音就是碰到底層的聲音。有時人們能在化石里發現一片樹葉的痕跡。有待探測的中微子來自次要的衰變過程。

Driving machines are always the opposite of driven ones.One of the most successful methods of achieving this depends on the use of fluidization.One of the uses of the triode is that it can amplify.主動機和從動機總是相反的。

達到這一目的的最成功的方法之一就是采用流化技術。三極管的用途之一是放大。

Ones who make the decisions on what went into the system are programmers.Ones who claim ECT is both effective and safe, in fact, cannot prove it.There are two 300MW thermal power units in this power plant.One is made in China;the other is imported from Germany.決定要把什么寫進系統的人是專業編程人員。

那些宣稱電痙攣療法既有效又安全的人，實際上并無法證明他們的觀點。

這家電廠有兩臺30千瓦火力發電機組，一臺是國產的，另一臺是從德國進口的。

There are two kinds of electric currents.One is the direct current;the other is the alternating current.電流有兩種，一種是直流電流，另一種是交流電流。第5節 翻譯練習7 This chemical is poisonous.Others are poisonous, too.Some parts require a hard, tough metal and others may be made of softer metals.The coolant serves no other purpose than to remove excess heat.Some atomic nuclei undergo spontaneous disintegration while others do not.冷卻劑除了排除多余的熱以外沒有任何其他用處。這些化學制品有毒，別的化學制品也有毒。

有些零件需要由硬的韌性金屬制成，而有些則可由軟的金屬制成。有的原子核會同時裂變，而另外一些卻不會。第5節 翻譯練習8 Another method is available to increase the system capacity.Heat is always being transferred in one way or another, where there is any difference in temperature.凡有溫差的地方，熱都會以這樣或那樣的方式傳輸。還有另一種可增加系統容量的方法。第5節 翻譯練習9 Some metals burn more readily than others.To specify a distance, we must use some unit of length.When an object is warmer than the surrounding region, it loses some of its heat by radiation.The particles require some a day to reach the earth.為了確定距離，我們必須使用某種長度單位。有些金屬比另一些金屬更容易燃燒。

當一個物體比周圍環境熱時，該物體會通過輻射失去它的一些熱量。這些粒子大約需要一天的時間才能到達地球。4.6 it及其句型的譯法 第6節 翻譯練習1 It moves or rotates by a fixed amount each time an electrical pulse is applied to it.To help avoid information overload, it(virtual convergence)will do this intelligently.The earth rotates as it travels through space.As current flows through a conductor, it sets up a magnetic field.為了避免信息過載，它（虛擬連接）將會智能化地進行操作。對它每加一個電脈沖，它就移動或旋轉一個固定的量。地球在空間運行時，它還要自轉。電流通過導體，便產生磁場。第6節 翻譯練習2 It is a $12-billion industry whose factories, numbering in the hundreds, are found all over the world.It is twenty meters in height.那個行業資金達120億美元，工廠有上千家，遍布世界各地。高度為20米。第6節 翻譯練習3 It is very far to the airport.It is raining hard.到機場很遠。雨下得很大。

第6節 翻譯練習4 It is recommended that the screw be used to increase accuracy of measurement.By using a laser, it is possible to throw very large and very clear television pictures on to a screen.It was pointed out that while the lead obtained from the disintegration of radium possessed all the characteristics of ordinary lead, it differed from it in atomic weight.使用激光器，可以將很大很清晰的電視圖像投射到屏幕上。建議使用螺桿調節，以提高測量的精確度。

前已指出，雖然由鐳蛻變而獲得的鉛具有普通鉛的一切特性，但其原子量與普通鉛不同。第6節 翻譯練習5 It necessitates careful design of the apparatus to get rid of the heat.It is unknown when to begin to make transportable transformers.It is interesting to compare the energy needed to place a satellite in orbit with the energy that would be required to cause it to escape.什么時候開始制造移動式變壓器還不知道。除熱需要對設備進行仔細設計。

把一顆衛星送入軌道所需的能量和使衛星脫離地球所需要的能量進行比較是很有意思的。第6節 翻譯練習6 It used to be thought that when you see a word and speak it, several stages of processing are involved.It must be remembered that the condition may be silent until haematemesis, melaena or perforation occurs.It is known that electronic computers play an important part in science and technology.大家必須記住，在嘔血、黑便，或穿孔發生之前，該病可能無癥狀。過去人們常常認為一個詞從看見到念出來包括好幾個處理階段。我們知道，電子計算機在科學和技術方面起著重要作用。第6節 翻譯練習7 It follows that any form of preheat adds to the welder’s difficulties and causes discomfort, particularly when welding at high preheat temperature levels inside vessels.It can be concluded that temperatures on the surface of Venus is too hot for life as known on earth.It had been calculated that actual error probability for the value was of the order of 0.5 percent.由此可見，任何形式的預熱都會增加焊工的困難，使他們身感不適，在容器內高溫預熱下施焊時尤其如此。

可以斷定，金星表面的溫度過熱，地球上的生物是不能適應的。據計算，這個數值的實際誤差概率約為0.5%。第6節 翻譯練習8 It makes no difference when inducing an e.m.f., which moves, the coil or the magnet.It is essential that the body of the machine is effectively earthed.在感應出電動勢時，是線圈運動還是磁鐵運動，這沒有區別。這機器的機身必須有效接地，這一點十分重要。第6節 翻譯練習9 The heating effect makes it possible to produce the light.We find it possible to transform a.c.into d.c.by using a rectifier.We think it true that the human body is also a good conductor.熱效應使產生光成為可能。

我們發現能用整流器將交流電變成直流電。

人體也是一種良好的導體，我們認為這點是正確的。第6節 翻譯練習10 It is the voltmeter which we use to measure the voltage.It is through this interface that the substation operator must control and monitor the entire substation.It was not until I came in that he began to repair the old generator.我們用來測量電壓的就是伏特計。

變電站運行人員正是通過這個界面控制和監視整個變電站的。直到我進來，他才開始修理那臺老式發電機。

It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy.直到19世紀，熱才被認為是能的一種形式。第4章 總復習題

The rise in temperature could not have happened of itself.Be the shape of a body complicated, it is possible to find out its volume.The more energy we desire to send, the higher we make the voltage.The most typical humanlike characteristic of a robot is its arm.溫度上升不可能是出于自身的原因。

不論物體的形狀如何復雜，人們均可求出它的體積。要求輸送的電能越多，就得使電壓升得越高。機器人最具人性化的特點就是它的機械臂。

In our studies of the implications for the First Law, we were able to see the importance of the distinction between state and path functions.The first job of an electron tube is to get the electrons apart from their nuclei.That type of turbine usually rotates at a very low speed.那種汽輪機通常以非常低的速度運轉。

我們研究第一定律時，可以明白區分狀態函數和路徑函數的重要性。電子管的第一項工作就是使電子與其原子核分開。

Small objects such as dust particles and water droplets fall only small distances before losing most of their acceleration.The same has happened to the central control system.There’s hardly any room for any impurities in such a microfiber.中心控制系統也發生過同樣的事故。

小物體，比如塵粒和水珠，僅僅下落了一小段距離后便失去了其大部分的加速度。在這種微纖維中，雜質幾乎沒有存在的可能。

His instances were Lennard and Stark, both of them were Nobel laureates but later became fervent followers of Hitler.The primacy function of a regulator is to supply constant pressure to each device.The best use of these equations is in checking the theoretical analyses using the other approaches.他舉出勒納德及史塔克為例子。這兩個人都得過諾貝爾獎，但后來卻成了狂熱的希特勒信徒。這些方程式最大的用處是可對采用了其他方法的理論分析進行檢驗。調節器的基本功能是給每個裝置提供穩定的電壓。

It is desirable to characterize electrical noise as accurately as possible.It is known that local weather can be affected within a few days by meteorological conditions thousands of miles away from here.需要盡可能準確地表征電噪音。

我們知道，當地的天氣在幾天內會受到幾千英里以外地區氣象狀況的影響。5.1 數詞的譯法 第1節 翻譯練習1 Liquid bromine boils at 58°C at which temperature it changes into a reddish-brown gas.Move to the next operation after the voltage reaches 150V.Tests have shown that the energy saving can rise about 40 percent.液態溴在58攝氏度時沸騰，在這個溫度它變成紅褐色的氣體。等電壓到了150伏時，進行下一個操作。試驗證明，能量節約可增加40%左右。第1節 翻譯練習2 Of many thousands spare parts does not come up to the standard but one.A lot of counties have set up power stations, chemical fertilizer plants and a hundred and one other factories.The periodic table contains more than one hundred chemical elements belonging to eight families.在幾千個備件中，只有一個不合格。

許多縣已建立了發電站、化肥廠以及許多別的工廠。元素周期表由屬于8個族的100多個化學元素組成。These materials become quite soft and flexible below 150°C.An increase in the oxygen content of coal by 1% reduces that calorific value by some 1.7%.Nearly 25 neurotransmitters have been found so far.這些材料在150攝氏度以下變得十分柔軟、易于彎曲。煤的含氧量每增加1%，其熱值就下降約1.7%。迄今為止，已經發現了大約25種神經傳遞素。第1節 翻譯練習3 With the result of automation, productivity has increased by 5 times in that factory.The sales of industrial electronic products have increased to six times.The output of the machine tools has multiplied four times.The current has increased by a factor of three.由于自動化的結果，那個工廠的生產率提高到5倍。工業電子產品的銷售額增加了5倍。機床產量增加了3倍。電流增加了2倍。第1節 翻譯練習4 This type of furnace uses 4 times more electricity than that type does.This rod is 4 times longer than that one.The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen atom.這種爐的耗電量是那種爐耗電量的4倍。這根桿比那根長3倍。

氧原子的原子量幾乎是氫原子量的16倍。

The atomic weight of helium is four times heavier than that of hydrogen.In rolling bearing the starting friction is about twice the running friction.氦原子量比氫原子量重3倍。

滾動軸承的啟動摩擦大概是轉動摩擦的2倍。第1節 翻譯練習5 The leads of the new condenser are shortened by six times.The operation of cost decreased by five times.The loss of electricity was reduced by a factor of four.The pipe is four times lighter than that one.新型電容器的引線縮短了5/6。成本運行降至1/5。

這根管子重量是那根的1/4。電損減少了3/4。第1節 翻譯練習6 Weld strength can be increased by 45 percent.Tests have shown that the energy consuming can be reduced by 30 percent.The loss of energy has been reduced to less than 10 percent.焊接強度可增加45%。

試驗證明，能量消耗可減低30%。能量損耗可減至不足10%。

Its grain output was 18 percent higher than that in 1998.The steel output is 30 percent higher than that of last year.其糧食產量比1998年高出18%。鋼產比去年增加了30%。第1節 翻譯練習7 Ten to one, the experiment is unlikely to produce good results.These figures show that the improvement of molecular refraction is within a factor of ten.十有八九，這項試驗不可能得出好的結果。

這些數字表明分子折射度的改進值為一個數量級。5.2 形容詞的譯法 第2節 翻譯練習1 Suitable treatment shall be given as soon as possible to avoid hydrogen embrittlement.Complex computer systems are prone to software hitches.The parts must be very strong so that they may not break in use.This kind of steel becomes very hard and very brittle when hardened.盡快予以適當的處理，以免氫蝕脆化。復雜的計算機系統容易出現軟件故障。零件必須十分堅固，才不會在使用中破損。這種鋼淬火后就變得很硬很脆。第2節 翻譯練習2 Hydrogen is about one-fourteenth as dense as air.Helium is a very light gas, only twice as heavy as hydrogen.Ice floats because it is not as dense as water.氫的密度大約是空氣密度的1/14。

氦氣是一種很輕的氣體，重量僅為氫氣的2倍。冰浮起是因為它的密度比水的密度小。第2節 翻譯練習3 In the thermosciences area, the mechanical engineer is concerned with thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer.This in a large measure is responsible for the high accuracy obtainable from such systems.The transmission ratio is dependent upon the ratio of the number of teeth of the meshing gear wheels.在熱學領域，機械工程師關心的是熱力學、流體力學和傳熱學。在很大程度上，這是從這類系統中獲得高精度的原因。傳動比取決于兩個嚙合齒輪的齒數比。

Once the engine is underway, these auxiliaries are turned off.發動機一旦啟動，這些輔助設備就關閉了。第2節 翻譯練習4 Recent discoveries have been made concerning the peculiar properties of certain semiconductors.Research and development is of particular importance to aerospace industry.In copper and most pure metals there is an appreciable increase in resistance with an increase in temperature.最近，對于某些半導體的奇怪特性有一些發現。研究和發展對航空航天工業非常重要。

在銅和大部分純金屬中，隨著溫度的升高，電阻也會明顯增大。

One of the drawbacks of the early lasers was their inability of continuous operation.These metal ions interfere with electron flow and cause a great decrease in electron motion.Lubricating oils are used to ensure the smooth running of the machine.早期激光器的缺點之一是它不能連續工作。

這些金屬離子阻礙電子流動，引起電子運動大幅減弱。使用潤滑油是為了確保機器正常運轉。第2節 翻譯練習5 The most common application for bearing is the support of a rotating shaft that is transmitting power from one location to another.The World Wide Web is a unique medium for communication and for publishing.軸承最常見的應用是支撐旋轉軸將功率從一處傳至另一處。萬維網是一個獨特的通訊和出版媒體。第2節 翻譯練習6 A practical means of transferring geothermal energy is to convert it to electric power.An electron, if moving, produces a magnetic field.將地熱能轉變成電能是輸送這種能量的一種切實可行的辦法。電子如果運動，就會產生磁場。第2節 翻譯練習7 Needle bearings have a high load capacity.Considerable effort must be expended to ensure consistent blast volume, humidity and temperature.滾針軸承的承載能力大。

還要在確保風量、濕度和溫度穩定方面做出相當大的努力。第2節 翻譯練習8 The gear teeth should have the strength sufficient to operate.We’ll do everything possible to improve the supply of electricity.We hope everything ready for the operation.Scientists have found a method of measurement suitable for most island waters and coastal areas.齒輪的齒必須具備足夠的運轉強度。我們將盡一切努力來改善電力供應。我們希望一切在開工之前就緒。

科學家們已經找到了一種適合大多數島嶼的近海和沿海地區的測量方法。Coal is a kind of fuel suitable for power generation.The only transformer available is produced in Shanghai.煤是一種適合發電的燃料。

唯一可用的變壓器是上海產的。

第2節 翻譯練習9 The resistance of the load is too high for the amplifier.For this reason the switching signal should be no steeper or larger than necessary.The capacity to store water in their leaves is typical of desert plant.He is quite familiar with state function.負載的電阻對于放大器來說太高。

因此激勵信號的斜率及寬度不應超過所要求的數值。在葉子中儲存水的能力是沙漠植物的特性。他非常熟悉狀態函數。第3節 翻譯練習1 Deserted soils are sparsely covered with shrubs and grass.The relationships used are briefly outlined.荒漠上稀疏地覆蓋著灌木叢和雜草。這些用到了的關系已簡要地概括出來了。5.3 副詞的譯法 第3節 翻譯練習2 The resulting flux is confined essentially to the ring.Actually, and metal or alloy can be cast by precision casting.Normally the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.所產生的磁通基本上被限制在環內。

實際上，任何金屬或合金都可以進行精密鑄造。

在正常情況下，原子的整個質量都集中在原子核里。第3節 翻譯練習3 Admittedly, the term temporal coherence seems to imply an effect which is exclusively temporal.The most important advantages of rolling bearings over sliding bearings is the most complete elimination of friction.不可否認，時間相干性這個術語似乎意味著一種只屬于時間的效應。滾動軸承優于滑動軸承的最重要的優點在于幾乎完全消除了摩擦。第3節 翻譯練習4 We are certain that neutrons act differently from protons.To detect gases, a sample of air can be analyzed chemically.Slopes orientated differently receive direct solar radiation in different amounts.我們確信中子的作用和質子的是不同的。

為了檢測各種氣體，可以對空氣試樣進行化學分析。朝向不相同的山坡，直接接收到的太陽輻射量是不同的。第3節 翻譯練習5 The salts should be heated electrically, if possible.The methods of controlling pests chemically often have undesirable side effects;for this reason it is likely that the methods of controlling biologically will be applied increasingly in the future.Evaporation takes place only at the surface of a liquid;boiling takes place throughout the liquid.如果可能的話，這些鹽應該用電來加熱。

用化學品控制害蟲的方法常有不良的副作用，因此將來會越來越多地采用生物學方法。蒸發只是發生在液體表面，沸騰發生在液體各處。第3節 翻譯練習6 The CPU also controls the flow of data to and from the peripheral devices.It is also possible to check the temperature distribution at the top of the burden, although the burden at the top of the furnace is not evenly distributed.There is also an increased excretion of nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, and sodium chloride(salt).CPU還控制著流向和來自外部設備的數據流。

盡管爐頂爐料的分布方式是不均勻的，但爐頂爐料的溫度分布也還是可以檢測的。推拿還促進氮、無機磷和氯化鈉（鹽）的排放。第3節 翻譯練習7 A relatively small explosion would be enough to send a ship off at a very fast rate.When the core of this cloud became dense enough, gravity triggered the collapse of its inner layers.Satellites---some large enough to be planets in their own right---either formed along with the giants or were captured later.一次較小的爆炸就足以將飛船以極快的速度發射出去。

當這個分子團的核心變得十分稠密時，重力引起分子團的內層崩潰。

至于衛星，有些大的足以稱得上行星，它們或是與這些巨大的行星同時形成，或是后來被獵獲的。

第3節 翻譯練習8 The watt is a small unit of power, so we use the kilowatt instead.Instead of working with the space variable for electric field intensity we can work directly with voltage.瓦特是一個很小的功率單位，因此我們就改用千瓦代之。我們可以直接用電壓來代替電場強度這個空間變量。第3節 翻譯練習9 The experimental result was just the opposite of what I had expected.The introduction of laser into industry has only just begun.實驗結果與我預料的剛好相反。激光用于工業還僅僅剛開始。第3節 翻譯練習10 Never lay tools or workpieces on the ways of a lathe.Man has never made a machine that, of itself, will continue in a state of uniform motion.Up to now, atomic energy has never been used for aircraft propulsion.絕不要把工具或工件放在車床的導軌上。

人類從未制成過一臺能自行永久保持勻速運動狀態的機器。到目前為止，原子能從來沒有被用于飛機的推進。第3節 翻譯練習11 An electric current is only a shifting of electricity.What we call mass is only another manifestation of energy.Only when an object moves, is work done.電流僅僅是電的移動。

我們所說的質量只是能的另一種表現形式。物體只有移動時才做功。第3節 翻譯練習12 Gravity keeps the satellite in orbit.Otherwise, it would drift off into space.His inspection of the transmission lines revealed some possible faults that might otherwise have been overlooked.引力使衛星保持在軌道上，否則衛星就會偏離而進入太空。

他對輸電線路進行檢查，查出了一些故障，否則這些潛在的故障就會被忽視。第3節 翻譯練習13 In a mathematical sense the impulse response is a rather sophisticated concept.Process depends on identifying radio stars with some kind of object emitting visible light---but radio astronomers can give their optical colleagues only rather imprecise directions as to where to look.The operation of our generating unit was no better but rather worse.從數學意義上講，沖量反應是個相當微妙的概念。

進一步的進展取決于能否確定射電星是一種能發射可見光的天體，然而射電天文學家只能給光學天文學家提供很不精確的觀測方向。我們機組運行的情況沒有見好，相反更糟了。

The temperature did not go up, as one had expected, but rather went down.They are encouraged in designing a turbine rather than repairing it.In deciding where an airplane actually is in the sky, we believe our eyes rather than our ears.溫度沒有像人們預料的那樣上升，反而下降了。他們從事渦輪機的設計工作，而不是修理渦輪機。

要判斷飛機在空中的確切位置，我們與其相信自己的耳朵不如相信自己的眼睛。第3節 翻譯練習14 Just as the feed-water supply system can be controlled, so the coal handling equipment can also be computer-controlled.It is for this reason that so much care has to be given to the burden preparation by sintering and by the blending of fluxes and coke.So many devices have utilized these processes.正如給水系統可由計算機控制那樣，輸煤設備也可以這樣做。

正因為如此，必須通過優良燒結以及助熔劑和焦炭來精心準備高爐的爐料。如此之多的裝置現已采用了這些工藝。第3節 翻譯練習15 Attention is given to the transformer, too.Too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in.Such particles are far too tiny to be seen with the strongest microscope.Hardened steel is too hard and too brittle for many tools.同時也注意變壓器。

太多的女性忽視了自己攝入的鐵離子含量。

這種粒子太小，即使用最高倍的顯微鏡也看不見。硬化鋼太硬、太脆，對許多工具的制作都不適宜。第3節 翻譯練習16 Many natural phenomena yet remain to be investigated.The cause of this wear have not yet been established.If the temperature is high, the resistance of a wire becomes yet greater.尚有許多自然現象有待研究。這種磨損的原因尚未查明。

如果溫度升高，導線的電阻會更大。

This could turn out to be our biggest mistake yet.This is the biggest underground lake yet discovered.這是我們到目前為止所犯的最大錯誤。這是迄今已發現的最大的底下湖。5.4 形容詞和副詞比較級的譯法 第4節 翻譯練習1 The roads in our power plant are with a new kind of material, the strength of which is as great as that of concrete.Metals do not change their form as easily as plastic bodies do.我們電廠的道路是一種新材料鋪設的，這種新材料的強度與水泥的強度一樣高。金屬不像塑料物體那樣容易變形。第4節 翻譯練習2 This material can withstand higher stresses under repeated loading.Given a higher capital cost for electric buses, the cash grant payable would be higher for a conventional vehicle.If one has an attitude of respect for the equipment, the end product will be more satisfactory.這種材料在交變載荷下可以承受較高的應力。

即使電瓶巴士投資成本高于傳統車輛，傳統車輛應支付的現金補貼也會更高。如果人們對生產設備持尊重態度，那么其生產出的成品也會更加令人滿意。第4節 翻譯練習3 The right genetic material, weight for weight, can be more valuable than precious metals and jewels.Three of the giant planets radiate more heat back into space than they absorb from the sun.恰當的遺傳物質，就其重要性來說，要比貴金屬和珠寶更有價值。

巨大的外層行星中有三顆射向太空的熱量超過它們從太陽那里吸收的能量。第4節 翻譯練習4 Even quite small amounts of some impurities can make copper a much poorer conductor of electricity.Aluminum and copper are far more corrosion-resistant than ordinary steel.甚至很少量的雜質都可能會使銅成為性能差得多的導電體。鋁和銅的抗腐蝕能力比普通鋼高得多。第4節 翻譯練習5 Nuclear energy is being used more and more widely.More and more nuclear power stations are built up.核能用得越來越廣泛了。建設了越來越多的核電站。第4節 翻譯練習6 The greater the bearing load, the shorter will be the life of the bearing in revolutions.The farther out the line of the momentum extends, the greater the angular momentum.The greater the cross-sectional area, the greater the strength will be.軸承的載荷越大，其以轉數為單位的壽命就越短。動量作用線伸展得越遠，角動量就越大。截面越大，強度越大。

5.5 形容詞和副詞最高級的譯法 第5節 翻譯練習1: Polyacetylene is the simplest possible conjugated polymer.Pain is the most prominent symptom of surgical disease.聚乙炔可能是最簡單的共軛聚合物。疼痛是外科疾病最突出的癥狀。第5章 總復習題

This seems to indicate that further research would be necessary.An a.c.motor is similar in construction to a d.c.motor.Natural environment can be easily ruined by inappropriate exploration.Negative charges are moving counterclockwise.這似乎表明進一步研究的必要性。交流電動機與直流電動機結構相似。開發不當容易毀壞自然資源。負電荷按逆時針方向流動。

The average value of voltage can be measured point by point.The problem of materials is eased by the lower boiling point.As a result, although there is minimal friction present, a lubricant is still absolutely essential.Removal procedure for left-hand and right-hand cyclic cylinders is essentially the same.因此，雖然有很小的摩擦，但潤滑劑仍舊是非常必要的。電壓的平均值可以逐點測量。

由于沸點較低，材料問題容易解決。

左右兩邊循環氣缸的拆卸步驟基本上相同。

Substantially, anthecyanin, the pigment that turns leaves---and apples---red, is produced by sugars that remain after the nutrients are choked off.Massage will affect muscles throughout the body.In this test the major part is backed off electrically.It is also good for shock and impact loads.The term minimum life is also used to mean rating life.在此項實驗中，主要部分被電補償。

本質上，使樹葉和蘋果變紅的色素——花色素苷是營養去除后剩余的糖分產生的。它還適用于振動和沖擊載荷。

推拿將會對全身的肌肉組織產生影響。最小壽命這個術語也指額定壽命。

Usually, a 2cm adjustment of the machine is enough to bring the pressure back to normal.Statistics is a rather modern branch of mathematics.Computers provide the means for greater speed and accuracy in working with ideas than had previously been possible.Less than a quarter of the energy of a human engine is converted into mechanical energy.Hydrogen is the lightest gas, its density being 0.0894 g/l.統計學是一門相當新的數學分支。

人體發出的不到1/4的能量轉變為機械能。

計算機處理意念時所提供方法的速度和精確度都超過了以往所能達到的水平。氫是最輕的氣體，其密度為0.0894克/升。

通常，把機器調整2厘米就足以使壓力恢復正常。6.1 介詞的一般譯法 第1節 翻譯練習1 In general, man serves as the source of infection while animals act as such only occasionally.An industrial robot shares many attributes in common with a numerical control machine tool.一般來說，人可作為感染源，而動物只是偶然如此。工業用機器人與數控機床有許多共同的特性。第1節 翻譯練習2 With non-changeover control both the boiler plant and the chiller plant operate to provide simultaneous heating and cooling throughout the year.The online service delivers substantially more value to our global audience of e-business professionals in the chemical, plastics and allied industries.This device can mimic photosynthesis to produce usable energy from sunlight.采用非轉換控制，鍋爐設備和制冷裝置都在運行，全年可同時供暖和制冷。

該網絡服務主要向全球從事化學、塑料及相關工業的專業電子商務用戶提供更有價值的服務。

這種裝置能夠模擬光合作用，利用陽光產生可用的能源。第1節 翻譯練習3 The longitudinal axis of the turbine generator is perpendicular to the axis of the steam generator.In the right conditions, membranes are self-assembling.Winding of the spring induces residual stresses through bending.汽輪發電機的縱軸與鍋爐軸線垂直。當條件適宜時，細胞膜會自行聚集。卷繞彈簧時因為彎曲引起了殘余應力。第1節 翻譯練習4 If leakage occurs around output shaft, replace seal and packing.So they give off a stronger signal to sensitive radiation detectors mounted over the subject’s head.如輸出軸周圍漏油，應更換密封件及填料。

因而它向安裝在受試者頭部上方的靈敏的輻射探測器發出的信號比較強。第1節 翻譯練習5 It is customary to use electromagnets rather than permanent magnets for the field.This flat screen technology eliminates curvature on the screen surface.All the charge on a conductor lies on its surface.通常磁場用的都是電磁鐵而不是永久磁鐵。這種純平面技術可以消除屏幕表面的彎曲。導體的全部電荷都在其表面。6.2 介詞短語的譯法 第2節 翻譯練習1 For ease of assembly and removal of the wheels, the outer races are press-fitted in the wheel hubs.With the length much greater than its width, the coil is called solenoid.With only about half as many moving parts as a conventional engine, a Wankel is only half the size and weight, and almost completely vibrationless.為了便于車輪安裝和拆卸，把外套圈壓入配合到輪轂里。如果長度遠遠超過了寬度，這種線圈就稱為螺線管。由于其運動機件數幾乎僅為一般發動機的一半，汪克爾發動機只有一般發動機的一半大、一半重，而且幾乎完全沒有振動。

Without an electric field applied, a dielectric atom is symmetrical.Despite changes in the load, the voltage applied to it remains fairly constant.For more information on the improvements we’ve made, scroll down to New Features & Functionality.如果沒有外加電場，電介質原子是對稱的。

不管負載如何變化，加在負載上的電壓都仍然相當穩定。

要想對我們的改進有更多的了解，請往下看“新特點與新功能”。第2節 翻譯練習2 Singularity functions do not occur in physical systems.A fair amount of theoretical and experimental work has been devoted at this agency to a better understanding of non-stationary aerodynmics.物理系統不存在奇異函數。

該機構為更好地了解非定常氣體動力學作了大量的理論研究和試驗工作。第2節 翻譯練習3 Animals are always losing carbon by respiration as against plants always gaining carbon.The most effective method of reducing friction is to use rolling friction instead of sliding friction.動物通過呼吸排除碳，而植物卻吸收碳。

減少摩擦力的最有效的方法是采用滾動摩擦，而不是采用滑動摩擦。第2節 翻譯練習4 The shape of the electron spectrum in beta decay is not dominated by properties of the matrix element.Pressure in a liquid is at right angles to the walls of container.β衰變的電子譜的形狀不取決于矩陣元的性質。液體的壓力與容器壁垂直。第2節 翻譯練習5 Hysteresis energy is a useful basis for the establishment of failure criteria in fatigue.Physical chemistry applies the methods of physics to the study of chemical systems.在建立疲勞破壞準則時，遲滯能量是一個有用的依據。物理化學是應用物理學的方法研究化學體系。6.3 常用介詞的譯法 第3節 翻譯練習1 Little information is given about the origin of life.A basic change in thinking about force and mass is required.Fluoride damage is generally restricted to areas about manufacturing plants.The vacuum was created about the exit.關于生命起源方面的資料極少。

對于力和質量的看法需要做根本的改變。氟化物的危害一般僅限于制造廠附近。在出口附近產生真空。第3節 翻譯練習2 All of its circuit elements are bonded together after being manufactured.Line reams new bushings after installation.After all logic events have been completed, the automatic control unit initiates the machine after the instruction.將所有的電路元件在制成之后都連結在一起。安裝后對新軸套絞同心孔。

在所有的邏輯事件完成之后，自動控制器按照指令再次啟動該機器。Those machines are made after the model.After all its changeable forms, energy can never be destroyed.那些機器是按該模型制成的。

盡管能的形式是可以改變的，但絕不會消失。第3節 翻譯練習3 Working instruments are verified for calibration against reference instruments.The current in a transmitting antenna when plotted against time is usually a sine wave.The process was against any basic laws of physics.Force is necessary to drive an electric current against a resistance.工業用的儀表要根據基準儀表來校驗其刻度。

將發射天線中的電流相對于時間來描述出來，常是一正弦波。該過程違背了物理學的基本原理。驅動電流克服電阻需要有電動勢。

One of the chief uses of zinc is to protect the surface of iron against rust.Lightening rods are used to protect electrical devices against lightening.It is necessary to prevent induction motors against overload and undervoltage.The advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm have to be weighted against each other in the light of the particular application.鋅的主要用途之一是防止鐵表面生銹。避雷針用來保護電器設備不受雷擊。必須保護感應電動機，防止過載及欠壓。

每一種算法都必須根據具體應用相互對比才能權衡其優劣。第3節 翻譯練習4 The second phase of the restoration project will be to lay down a stabilization ring around the tower’s foundation.The separating force on the mill was calculated to be around 10 million 1b.The arch dam is economical in narrow canyons where the top chord length is around two to three times the height of the dam.修復工程的第二階段是在塔基周圍建造一環形穩固基。此軋機的軋制力量估計大約一千萬磅左右。截面越大，強度越大。第3節 翻譯練習5 Each observation could be weighted inversely as the distance or as the square root of the frequency.If the electric lines are parallel to the earth, the wave is referred to as horizontally polarized.每次觀測可以倒過來加權，作為距離或頻率的平方根。如果電力線與地面平行，其電波就稱為水平極化電波。第3節 翻譯練習6 At the beginning of its operation, this turbine is only about 50 percent efficient.It is usual to provide a flowmeter at the column outlet.A small hole is provided at the lock ring groove to facilitate removal of the lock ring.在開始運行的時候，這臺渦輪機的效率只有50%。在柱子出口處常常要安裝一個流量器。

為使鎖定環拆卸方便，可在其溝槽內開一小孔。The shunt motor operates nearly at constant speed.Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss.并勵電動機差不多恒速運行。

育齡女性危險最大，因為月經是鐵流失重要原因之一。第3節 翻譯練習7 And offshore drilling is made possible by using huge quantities of gaseous nitrogen and oxygen to provide a livable atmosphere deep under water.Every metal possesses certain properties, or characteristics or qualities which we can find by experiment.All materials are deformed to some extent by the application of an external force.用大量的氮氣和氧氣形成在深水中能夠生活的環境，才有可能進行海底石油鉆探。每一種金屬都具有某些性能，或特性、性質，而這些我們可以通過實驗檢驗出來。所有材料多少都會由于外力而變形。（練習8用法）Nd

By the Law of Universal Gravitation, all bodies attract each other.By this theory we can explain the phenomenon for which the old view of matter did not account.按照萬有引力定律，一切物體都相互吸引。

根據這一學說，我們就能解釋舊的物質觀沒有說明的現象。第3節 翻譯練習8 The machine tool is directly driven by the main drive motor.The pituitary gland is constituted by two lobes.The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion is called kinetic energy, or energy of motion.The production capacity has greatly increased by the development of the control of manufacturing processes by computers.機床由主電機直接啟動。

物體由于運動而獲得的能量稱為動能，或稱為運動能量。由于采用了計算機控制制造過程，因而生產能力大大提高。垂腺體由兩個葉組成。第3節 翻譯練習9 We may not have eliminated cigarette smoking completely by the end of this century.The faculty line must be repaired by the time of the summer harvest.The current in an inductor lags the voltage by 90° or, what is the same thing, the voltage leads the current by 90 °.The experts calculate that this will straighten up the tower by several centimeters.到本世紀末我們或許還不能完全消除吸煙現象。夏收之前，故障線路必須修好。

根據專家們的計算，這將使斜塔取直幾厘米。電感器中的電流落后于電壓90°，或者說，電壓超前于電流90 °。第3節 翻譯練習10 By hPa we mean an international standardized pressure unit.By conductivity we mean the ability to conduct an electric current.所謂百帕，是國際上通用的表示氣壓的單位。所謂導電率，是指傳導電流的能力。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習11 The electric drive system is made detachable for ease of transportation and installation.CFCs and other ozone-depleting chemicals were first mass-produced in the 1950s for use as refrigerants, industrial solvents, cleaning fluids and agents in making foam products.These data are the basis for important decisions.They will build two power plants here, which can meet the demands for power supply.為了便于運輸和安裝，電力驅動系統做成可拆式。

20世紀50年代，氟里昂和其他消耗臭氧的化工產品首次批量生產，它們主要用作制冷劑、工業溶劑、清洗液以及制造泡沫產品的制劑。這些數據上做出重要決策的依據。

他們將在這里建兩座電廠，這樣便可以滿足對電力的需求。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習12 The temperature was too high for the boiler to withstand.A visual inspection must be done carefully for the materials, especially for those to be used in fabrication of pressure vessels.For this reason, be very careful when you take antibiotics.The first passengers came to ground, none the worse for their experience, 3,000 meters from their standing point.溫度提高，致使鍋爐承受不了。

必須對材料仔細進行外觀檢查，對制造壓力容器所用材料尤需如此。由于這個原因，當你用抗生素時務必非常小心。

第一批乘客在離出發點3000米處著陸，并沒有因這一 遭遇而發生不良反應。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習13 Make water do duty for alcohol as a solvent.They succeeded in substituting a synthetic rubber for the natural rubber.Electricity compensates for barometric pressure as well as system pressure variations.用水代替酒精當溶劑用。

他們在用合成橡膠代替天然橡膠方面取得了成功。用電補償大氣壓力和系統壓力的變化。Nd

The disease raged through the city for months.The mixture was cured at room temperature for 8-14 days.這種疾病在這座城市猖獗了幾個月。混合物在室溫下需熟化8-14天。第3節 翻譯練習14 For all their great stableness under ordinary circumstances, insulating materials may change radically in characteristics under extreme conditions of voltage stress or temperature or under the action of certain chemicals.For all its invisible shield, the ozone layer can be measured in a number of ways.For all our advice, he insists on carrying out ignition experiment.盡管在正常的情形下絕緣材料的性能很穩定，但在極端情況下，比如電壓過高、高溫或在某種化學物質作用下，絕緣材料的性能會遭到完全破壞。

盡管臭氧層是一種不可見的保護層，但還是有多種測量它的方法。盡管我們勸阻他，他仍然堅持要進行點火實驗。Nd 第3節 翻譯練習15 This reduces the resistance to current flowing from the wire through the rubber to copper strips below the tubes.A user may jump from one document to another in a nonlinear, associative way.From the information in this table, we can easily compute an estimate of the value of the mean of this grouped data.Having no compass, he got his bearings from the sun.軸承的載荷越大，其以轉數為單位的壽命就越短。動量作用線伸展得越遠，角動量就越大。截面越大，強度越大。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習16 Fabricate a shield from 12cm aluminum alloy to the dimensions shown on Figure 11.The electronic device is made from semiconductor.Dead time is the time a worker losses from lack of materials or equipment breakdown.A similar error arises from neglect of multiple causes.按圖11所示，用12厘米厚的鋁合金制造防護罩。這只電子器件是用半導體做的。

無效時間是指工人因無原料或設備故障而失去的時間。類似的錯誤可能由于忽視了多種原因而產生。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習17 The hardened washer shall be prevented from turning during locknut tightening.Washers shall be from burrs and sharp edges.The triggering circuit is immune from noise.The mixture are distinct from compounds.Data is often distinguished from information and from programs.當自鎖螺母擰緊時應防止淬火墊圈轉動。這個觸發電路不受雜音影響。混合物不同于化合物。墊圈不應帶有毛刺和尖角。數據通常有別于信息和程序。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習18 Highly poisonous insecticides should be kept from ordinary insecticides.Electrolysis is the liberation of free elements from a liquid by passing an electric current through it.Place these parts in a plastic bag, and keep separate from other bearing assemblies.劇毒農藥和普通農藥要嚴格分開置放。

電解就是讓電流通過液體，從而使游離元素從液體中分離出來的過程。將這些零件裝進塑料袋中，和其他軸承部件分開置放。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習19 Canadian scientists looked for ozone thinning in the Arctic.31 In Canada, governments are also starting programs to recycle and recover CFCs.The uses of industrial gases in our high-tech world are numerous and varied.加拿大科學家在北極區尋找臭氧層變薄的跡象。

在加拿大，政府正在開展工作回收和循環使用氟里昂。

在我們這個技術高度發達的社會中工業氣體的用途是多種多樣的。Nd

The hummingbird has the highest metabolic rate per unit of body weight in the avian world.Although in recent years the liquid state has been the subject of intense study, the several books treat mainly the physics of this state.In the 1970s, the focus of designing hardware was the creation of circuitry.在鳥類世界中，單位體重的新陳代謝以蜂鳥為最高。

雖然近年來液態已成為努力研究的課題，但是這些書主要是談論液態的物理特征。在20世紀70年代，硬件設計的焦點是生成電路。第3節 翻譯練習20 The decision to repair is not easy, especially in borderline cases.All molecules are in constant motion.In the study of lubrication and journal bearings, additional fundamental knowledge must be utilized.In order to prevent any damage or injury to human eyes in training, a laser energy attenuator may be mounted on the laser exit window.做出返修的決定不是容易的，在可修可不修的情況下尤其如此。在研究潤滑和滑動軸承時，尚需用到另外的基礎知識。

在訓練時，為防止誤傷人眼，可在激光輸出窗口上裝上激光能量衰減器。一切分子都處在永恒的運動狀態之中。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習21 The electric power which is consumed in an electric circuit is measured in watts or kilowatts.Energy and work are both measured in joules.Power, being the amount of work done per second, is measured in watts(joules/sec).電路中消耗的電力是以瓦或千瓦計量的。

能和功都用焦耳計量。功率是每秒鐘所做的功，所以用瓦特（焦耳/秒）計量。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習22 Objects sink down into fluids until the upthrust equals the weight of the object.If a permanent magnets is plunged into the coil the meter registers a momentary current.It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.物體沉入流體，直到向上的推力與物體的重量相等。如果把永久磁鐵插入線圈，電表會記錄到一次瞬間電流。只是在最近，天文學家才開始對黑洞進行具體的研究。Nd

Physics gives us power to adventure into the unknown.Heat transforms ice into water and water into steam.The process converts iron and steel scraps into metal powder.物理學給予我們探索未知世界的能力。

熱使冰變成水，使水變成蒸汽。此法可把鋼鐵切屑變成金屬粉末。第3節 翻譯練習23 Considerable literature has grown up relating to experimental confirmation of elastohydrodynamic theory.The successful launching of space rockets has added much to man’s knowledge of the upper strata of the atmosphere.The processor is in over-all control of the system.關于彈性流體動力潤滑理論的實驗證明，已涌現出大量文獻。宇宙火箭發射的成功大大增加了人類對大氣上層的知識。處理器對系統實施全面控制。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習24 These compounds are of the same family of organic materials.All the types of memory we have discussed are of “random access”.It might be thought that these two effects would be of the same order of magnitude.Today of the four only Earth is known to be tectonically active.這些化合物屬于同族有機物。

上述的各類儲存期都屬于“隨機存取”類型。

人們可能會以為這兩個效力的大小屬于同一個數量級。

今天，在這四顆行星中，據人們所知只有地球的地殼構造仍在活動。Nd

Of all forms of energy electricity is the most important.在所有形式的能量中，電能是最重要的。第3節 翻譯練習25 A magnetic system is made of wrought iron arranged as in Fig.8-16.Flat belts are usually made of either oak-tanned leather or a fabric, such as cotton or rayon, which has been impregnated with rubber.The motor consists of two parts, the stator and the rotor.磁系統是由熟鐵制成，如圖8-16所示。

平型帶通常用橡樹皮鞣革或浸漬過橡膠的棉織品或人造纖維織品制成。電動機由定子和轉子兩部分構成。Nd

Each stage requires a different set of tools and sometimes requires different equipment and skills.每一步都要求有一套不同的工具，有時還要求有不同的設備和技術。第3節 翻譯練習26 This chart may be plotted on semilog paper or on log-log paper.Apply a small amount of the adhesive liquid on the face of the gasket.Final composition of the Theater List is normally decided by the surgeon on the day prior to operation.On freezing, water does not contract, but instead it expands.此曲線圖可繪于半對數圖紙或對數圖紙上。在密封墊表面上涂少許粘著劑。

接受手術人員的最后名單一般由外科大夫在手術前一天做出決定。

水結冰時，并不收縮，而是膨脹。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習27 Further research on this subject may suggest ways in which earthquakes can be predicted and prevented.A good example of the local effects of pollution on weather is the increase in rainfall found in regions adjacent to a large paper mill.The design of structures and drainage systems are not based on these adverse site conditions.在這方面作進一步研究也許能提供預報和預防地震的方法。

污染對天氣有局部影響，一個很好的實例就是在大型造紙廠附近地區降雨量有所增加。工廠的建筑物和排水系統沒有根據這些不利的廠址條件進行設計。

Relationships between voltages and currents in a circuit have been established on the experiments.On Bohr atomic theory and wave amplification theory, laser has been developed by scientists.電路中電壓與電流的關系已根據實驗確定。

根據玻爾的原子理論以及波的放大理論，科學家們研制了激光。第3節 翻譯練習28 It relies heavily on digital processing.On these observations, a hypothesis may be formulated.The motor is on the operation.He developed pneumonia caused by blood clots in the lungs after traveling to Asia on an economy-class ticket.這在很大程度上要依靠數字處理。電動機在運行。

他在一次乘經濟艙飛往亞洲之后，由于肺里產生血塊而得了肺炎。通過這些觀察，可以作出一個假設。Nd

第3節 翻譯練習29 The prereduced or raw fine ore is injected into the smelting reduction furnace through the upper tuyeres.Gases readily diffuse through porous solids.The radiation could penetrate through layers of different materials.經過預還原的礦粉或者原始的礦粉都是通過上部的風口送入熔融還原爐的。氣體很容易通過多孔固體滲出。該輻射可以穿透多層不同的材料。

Through the combustion of the fuel, chemical energy is converted into heat energy.The range and variety of work that can be done on a lathe are greatly increased through the use of various work-holding attachments.Atomic energy has arrived in time to save civilization from dying through lack of power.Silicon, chiefly through its better temperature characteristics, quickly replaced germanium in the power diode.通過使用各種工件夾具，可大大擴大車床所進行的作業范圍和種類。由于硅有較好的溫度特性，在功率二極管中，硅很快取代了鍺。通過燃料的燃燒，化學能轉變為熱能。

原子能已及時出現，從而拯救文明使其免于因能源短缺而滅亡。

第3節 翻譯練習30 Magmas in transit to the surface will further supplement this heat.The makeup water pipeline conveys the makeup water from the makeup water intake structure to the cooling tower basin.A fresh cutter can be loaded to the spindle in a similar manner.向地表移動的巖漿進一步補償這種熱量。

補給水管道把補給水從取水建筑物輸送到冷卻塔水池。用同樣的方法可將新刀具裝在主軸上。

The function of the computer is not limited to providing support in solving mathematical problems.The system is restricted to examining the surface only.Needed is a method of timing accurate to millionths of a second.Cultivation can be mechanized to the largest degree.該系統僅限于檢驗金屬表面。耕作可在最大程度上實行機械化。

計算機的作用不能只限于幫助解決數學問題上。

需要有一種精確度達到幾百萬分之一秒的計時方法。第3節 翻譯練習31 Computers have as yet contributed little to pure mathematical theory.Air pressure is inversely proportional to altitude.Thus, Fig.5 is similar to Fig.4b insofar as the same recombination and filters have been applied to both.An electric motor is similar to a generator in construction.迄今為止，計算機對純數學理論的貢獻不大。氣壓與高度成反比。

電動機和發電機在結構上類似。第3節 翻譯練習32 Water enters the cylinder and fills the space under the piston.When a vehicle passes over a road, its weight is transmitted through the wheel on to the pavement under it.But how can bouncing sound waves help oceanographers to see the sea floor and the mud, soil, and rocks under it? 水進入泵筒，并注滿活塞下面的空間。

當一輛車駛過馬路時，其重量通過車輪傳至車下的路面上。

而反射波怎樣幫助海洋學家去考察海底以及下面的泥、土和巖石呢？

Under certain conditions, heat energy may be changed into mechanical energy, and mechanical energy(may be changed)into heat energy.There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of forces.Water vapor in the air breaks down under the intense heat.在力的作用下，一切材料無不變形。

在一定條件下，熱能可以轉換成機械能，機械能也可以轉換成熱能。空氣中的水蒸氣在高溫下發生分解。第3節 翻譯練習33 Under some trade terms, the buyer might undertake to clear the goods for export in the seller’s

country.The books are categorized under the Dewey Decimal System.The agreement for the trade and cooperation is still under a draft.Lianyungang Nuclear Power Station is still under construction.根據某些貿易條款規定，買方須負責在賣方所在國的出口清關。這些圖書是按照杜威十進制編目的。貿易合作的協定仍在草擬中。連云港核電站仍在建設中。第3節 翻譯練習34 It has no connection with the automatic positioning facilities.Oxygen is a gas that can unite with many substances.The resistance usually varies with temperature.它與自動定位裝置沒有關系。

氧是一種能與許多物質化合的氣體。電阻常常隨溫度變化。

With the invention of the transistor, electronics entered a new phase.With the advance of science and technology, some scientific problems become less complicated than they were thought.隨著晶體管的發明，電子技術進入了一個新的階段。

隨著科技進步，有些科學問題沒有原先認為的那么復雜了。第3節 翻譯練習35 The machining center is provided with an automatic tool changer.Bricks are also produced in many different colors and with various finishes.Most of the machining we do in a machine shop is done with cutting tools.Unix marketers have looked with some envy at these applications.加工中心備有自動換刀裝置。

磚也可以燒成不同的顏色，具有不同的光潔度。

我們在機械加工車間所做的大部分機加工是用刀具來進行的。“UNIX”的銷售者以很大的熱情關注著這些應用程序。第3節 翻譯練習36 With the advent of modern methods of communication the whole world has been transformed into a single mechanism.The machines may get heated with overload.Computers perform particular operations with the information they are given.由于近代通信方法的出現，整個世界已轉變為一個統一的機體。機器可因過載而發熱。

計算機根據所收到的信息進行特定的運算。

Assemble bearing inner and outer races with serial numbers indexed.An interrupt is allowed to occur in accordance with specified priorities.根據特定的優先權允許發生中斷。根據序號組裝軸承內外座圈。第3節 翻譯練習37 With its many advantages, wood is not without its drawbacks as a fuel.With its complex structure, it is liable to install.36 With no discovery, many laws of nature actually exist in nature.With slight repair, the old type of engine can be used.盡管木材有許多優點，但作為燃料仍有缺陷。雖然結構復雜，但容易安裝。

許多自然規律雖然尚未被發現，但它們確實存在于自然界之中。只要稍加修理，這臺老式發動機就可使用。第3節 翻譯練習38 Petrol is a mixture of the lower-boiling hydrocarbons, with boiling temperatures ranging from 100°C to 400°C.Never operate the engine with the water temperature in the radiator exceeding 100°C.The field-effect transistor consists of a single crystal of doped semiconductor material in the shape of a bar with leads connected to both ends.在散熱器中的水溫超過100°C的情況下決不要開發動機。

場效應晶體管是一個棒狀的摻雜半導體材料的單晶，兩端連有引出線。汽油是低沸點的碳氫化合物混合體，其沸點范圍在100°C to 400°C之間。With the cause of the fault removed at once, the generator kept working.One kind of switch is inside a metal box called a switch box, with a handle on the outside.The pressure of a gas varies inversely as its volume, with temperature constant.With the switch open, there is no current flowing in the load.有一種開關是放在一個稱作開關箱的金屬箱內，而柄留在外面。由于即使排除了故障，發電機繼續工作。溫度不變時，氣體壓強和體積成反比。打開開關，沒有電流通過負載。第3節 翻譯練習39 Magnetic induction can take place without contact between the magnet and the iron.Without dust, there would be no clouds and no rain.Thin plates are joined by melting their edges together without the addition of filling metal.磁鐵和鐵塊相互不接觸便可發生磁感應。若沒有灰塵，就不會形成云和雨。

薄鋼板是靠熔化其邊緣而焊接在一起的，不需要填料金屬。A body cannot be moved without having a force act upon it.He finished the stress experiment without difficulty.他輕松地完成了這個應力實驗。

若沒有力作用于物體上，物體就不能移動。第6章 總復習題

The conductivity of polyacetylene drops rapidly in contact with air.There is a brighter future for intelligent devices in the home.The scientists found that the blood vessels in the leg cannot swell.Once upon a time, bold claims were made about computers, the future and the “paperless office”.聚乙炔一接觸空氣，其導電性就迅速下降。家庭智能裝置仍有著更加光明的前景。（省譯）科學家們發現腿內的血管不會腫脹。

曾幾何時，有人就有關計算機、未來和“無紙化辦公”做過大膽的預測。The doctor advised against the use of the new treatment.37 If a good base cannot be found at a reasonable depth, then a so-called deep foundation must be provided.Magnetic lines of force cannot be seen, but we know they exist by what they do.磁力線是看不見的，但是我們按照它們的作用即知它們的存在。醫生建議不要使用新的治療方法。

若在合理的深度內找不到堅實的地基層，那就要采用所謂的深基礎。We may process directly with Kirchoff’s voltage law for the circuit.The proper values of a and b are determined from two conditions.Optional communications are free from electromagnetic interference.This type of discrepancy could have resulted from differences in kinetics.a和b的值由兩個條件決定。

對于電路，我們可直接從克希荷夫電壓定律講起。光電通信不受電磁的干擾。

這種差異可能是由動力的不同而造成的。

The visual image of the letters making up the word is converted into its spoken equivalent.Primitive man made weapons, tools, and utensils of copper, brass, and bronze.The longer wavelengths of radio signals pass through the atmosphere relatively undisturbed.將組成詞的各字母的視覺形象轉換成該詞對應的發音。相對來說，波長較長的射電訊號通過大氣時沒有受到干擾。原始人類用銅、黃銅和青銅制作成各種武器、工具和器皿。

Most hardness-testing systems employ a standard load which is applied to a ball or pyramid in contact with the material to be tested.All metals are corrodible under the proper circumstances.The design of the rocket nozzle also has much to do with the behavior of the exhaust and the resulting velocity of the vehicle itself.多數的硬度實驗系統使用一標準載荷加在與實驗金屬相接觸的小球或棱錐上。所有金屬在一定情況下都是可腐蝕的。

火箭噴管的設計與排氣的性能及飛行器本身的有效速度有很大關系。

Peripheral milling operations are usually performed on milling machines with the spindle positioned horizontally;however, they can also be performed with end mills on vertical-spindle machines.Copper and aluminum are the best conductors of electric current only after silver.From various experiments we cannot but think the theory still holds good.周銑作業通常在帶有水平定位主軸的銑床上進行，但也可以在帶有端面銑刀的主軸銑床上進行。

銅和鋁是僅次于銀的最好的導電體。

根據各種實驗，我們不得不承認這個理論依然是行之有效的。Hydrogen is generated from zinc and sulfuric acid.The sort of fish cannot live in the temperate zone, let alone in the frigid zone.The locomotive developed some new problems on its line-test.Gases can be chemisorbed or physically absorbed on solids.氫由鋅和硫酸所產生。

這種魚不適合在溫帶生活，更不必說在寒帶了。這臺機車在試運行時出現了一些新問題。

氣體能化學吸附或物理吸附在固體上。

Under ideal conditions the fatigue failure will consist of a spotting of the load-carrying surfaces.Oxidation implies the combination of other elements with oxygen to form compounds.在理想條件下，疲勞失效將是承載表面的點蝕。氧化意味著其他元素與氧形成化合物。7.1 連詞的一般譯法 第1節 翻譯練習1 Carbon steel contains only iron and carbon, while alloy steel contains some other alloying metals.Because this current continually reverses in direction, it is called an alternating current.Liquid and vapor phases cannot coexist in equilibrium.碳鋼只含有鐵和碳，而合金鋼含有一些別的合金金屬。由于這種電流不斷地改變方向，故稱為交流電。液相和氣相不能在平衡中并存。第1節 翻譯練習2 Some companies replace certain parts regularly, determining the effective life of a part and then replacing it just before it would wear out.The cost of making these tests is very low when it is divided by the total number of parts manufactured.一些公司定期更換某些零部件，先推定零部件的有效壽命，以便在零部件即將磨損之前予以更換。

如果以生產零件的總數來劃分，這些實驗的成本會非常低。Why use metal when you can use plastic? A brief description of how transistors are manufactured is given here.That is why surfactants are so widely used in industry.既然能用塑料為什么你卻使用金屬呢？ 這里對晶體管的是生產方法作一簡略敘述。這就是在工業上廣泛使用表面活性劑的原因。第1節 翻譯練習3 Sometimes it is necessary to drill to a depth of 1,000 meters or more, before water is found in sufficient quantity.It is stated that the positioning system has an accuracy of repeatability within 0.0002 inch.When short waves are sent out and meet an obstacle they are reflected.有時必須鉆到1000米或更深的深度，才能找到足夠量的水。據稱，該定位系統的重復精度在0.0002英寸。短波發送出去，遇到障礙就反射回來。7.2 常用并列連詞的譯法 第2節 翻譯練習1 Computers cope with negative numbers and fractions in binary arithmetic.Oxygen is chemically active and takes part in many reactions.計算機采用二進制算法來處理負數與小數。氧的化學性能活潑，能參與許多反應。（省譯）

Modern electronic computers and other devices will be made smaller by the development of LSI.Some electrical engineers design and maintain power plants, transmission lines and home and factory electrical installations.39 大規模的集成電路的發展將使現代化電子計算機以及其他裝置越來越小。

有些電氣工程師設計和保養發電廠、輸電線、以及各種家用和工業用電器設備。第2節 翻譯練習2 The induced electromotive force lags and the current leads.Like charges repel and unlike charges attract.感應電動勢滯后，而電流導前。同性電荷相斥，異性電荷相吸。（省譯）

Transformers are commonly used in radio receivers and electrical communication circuits, and they are generally much smaller than those for power transmission.Analyzing the dynamics of the way a person signs his or her name, and not just how the signature looks, is one basis of a biometric verifier.變壓器通常用于無線電收音機和電信電路中，可是這些變壓器一般比用于輸電的變壓器小得多。

分析一個人簽名時書法的筆力，而不只是分析簽名的字形如何，這是生物統計學核實器的一個基本點。

第2節 翻譯練習3 It is important to know that different types of control circuits may be used in one control system, and a completed control loop may consist of a combination of electric, pneumatic, or hydraulic elements.重要的是要知道，在一個控制系統中可使用不同類型的控制電路，而且一個完整的控制回路可由電力、氣動或液壓配合組成。

The synchronous motor is even more expensive and requires a source of d.c.excitation, as well as special synchronizing control to apply the d.c.power at the correct instant.Telephone communication is now widespread and efficient.The machine is old and heavy.同步電動機則更貴，而且需要直接勵磁電源和專門的同步控制器以便在適當的瞬間接入直流電源。

現在的電話通訊既廣泛又有效。這臺機器又舊又笨重。第2節 翻譯練習4 We have to replace some of its parts and make this machine more efficient.To make the balloon descend, the “pilot” opened a valve and allowed some of the gas escape.我們必須調換某些零件，以使這臺機器效率更高。

為使氣球降落，“飛行員”打開閥門，以使部分氣體逸出。

Change one or more steps and we will improve the quality of the finished products.Use a transformer and we can transform power at low voltage into power at high voltage and vice versa.若改變一個或幾個步驟，我們就有可能提高成品的質量。

用了變壓器，我們就可以把低電壓變為高電壓，也可把高電壓變為低電壓。第2節 翻譯練習5 Uncap openings in indicators and connect lines.Install aluminum washers nest to pump, steel washers next, and install nuts.Lead lacks tensile strength and it cannot be drawn out in the form of fine wire.取下儀表開口處的蓋子，再接上管路。

鉛的張力差，因此不能制成細絲狀。

緊貼泵處安上鋁墊片，然后加鋼墊片，再安上螺栓。

For LP turbine there is no residual axial thrust caused from blading because of the turbine’s double-flow arrangement of blading and thus no balancing piston is needed.至于低壓汽輪機，并沒有殘存的軸力，因為汽輪機的葉柵作雙流配置，因而也無需采用平衡輪。

第2節 翻譯練習6 The plan is very complicated technically, but the general idea is quite simple.Now the electrons which have been driven onto the negative plate are trying to get back to the positive plate, but cannot do so because of the e.m.f which is applied to the plates.這一計劃在技術上十分復雜，但總的想法卻相當簡單。

現在已被趕到負極上的電子力圖返回正極，可是由于極板上施加有電動勢的緣故而辦不到。There are already a number of modern vehicles which are not yet in common use, but which may become a usual means of transport in the future.現在已有一些現代化的運載工具，它們目前尚未被普遍使用，但將來可能成為一種日常的交通工具。

第2節 翻譯練習7 But that he prevented me, I might have kept the machine parts in the damp place.But that the checking up of the experimental data had taken so much time, we should have completed our work long ago.若不是他阻止，我可能就會把那些機器零件保存在潮濕的地方。假若檢驗這些實驗數據不花那么多時間，我們早就完成了這項工作。But for air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.But for the laws of motion as a basis, thousands of discoveries and inventions would have been out of the question.要是沒有空氣，地球溫度就會發生劇變。

如果沒有運動定律作為基礎，就不可能有成千上萬的發現和發明。第2節 翻譯練習8 The positive and negative ions become separated or dissociated.No electric charges have been observed of smaller magnitude than the charge of protons or electrons.Foods quick-frozen in liquid nitrogen or carbon dioxide have transformed the way we eat.正負離子彼此分解或電離。

還沒有觀察到比質子或電子的電量更小的電荷。

用液態氮或二氧化碳速凍的食物已改變了我們的飲食習慣。

We will start with a cubic inch of hydrogen at atmosphere pressure(or the air pressure at the earth’s surface).Scientists have shown that certain chemicals are slowly eroding the ozone layer.The main culprits are chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs.Fire is a chemical action, or an action taking place between different chemical substances.我們從大氣壓力（即地球表面的空氣壓力）下的一立方英寸氫氣開始。

科學家們已經證明，某些化工產品會慢慢破壞臭氧層。主要誘因就是氯氟甲烷，即氟里昂。火是一種化學反應，也就是發生在不同化學物質間的一種作用。第2節 翻譯練習9

Right or wrong, his theory is the most influential.All methods, simple or complicated, are employed in the tension-test.You have to open the switch right away or else the fuse will be burned off.無論對錯，他的理論無疑是最有影響力的。

在拉伸試驗中，所有方法不論簡單還是復雜，都用過了。你必須把開關立即斷開，否則保險絲就會燒斷。A body must move, or no work is done.These old transformers have been used for ten or twenty years.The newly-installed generating set will be put in operation a month or so.物體必須移動，否則就沒有做功。

這些舊變壓器已經使用大約一二十年了。新機組再有一個月左右就投入運行。第2節 翻譯練習10 The central computer’s job is to run through the maps in its database as well as details on road works, weather, etc.Boiling point elevations, as well as the variation of the heat capacities and latent heats with temperature, are negligible.中心計算機的任務是查閱儲存在數據庫中的地圖以及修路工程、天氣等詳細情況。沸點升高以及熱容和潛熱隨溫度的變化而忽略不計。

He discovered that he could send the sound of music as well as the dot-and-dash sounds of Morse Code through the coil.The physics students study chemistry as well as physics.他發現不僅能使線圈傳送莫爾斯電碼的點劃音，而且也能是線圈傳送音樂。（倒譯法）物理系學生不僅學物理，而且要學化學。（倒譯）

Experimental data can be used to illustrate the application techniques as well as to demonstrate the validity of the approach.In order to get various vitamins a person should eat a diet including vegetables as well as meat.實驗數據既能用來說明應用技術，也能用來驗證方法的有效性。（順譯）為了攝取多種維生素，一個人既應該吃些素食，也該吃葷食。（順譯）第2節 翻譯練習11 When light strikes an opaque object, the light is either absorbed or reflected.The oxygen contained in the rocket is either in the liquid or in the solid form.When astronomers look at the sky, they expect to see either a star or a galaxy.當光照在不透明的物體上時，光或是被吸引或是被反射。火箭內儲存的氧或是液態的，或是固態的。

每次天文學家觀測天空，他們期望看到的不外乎是一個恒星或一個星系。第2節 翻譯練習12 There are materials which are neither good conductors nor good insulators.It is neither possible nor practical to make many parts to an exact size.Neither glass nor porcelain is a conductor.有些材料既非良好的導體也非良好的絕緣體。

要使許多零件加工尺寸絲毫不差，既不可能，也不切實際。玻璃和陶瓷都不是導體。第2節 翻譯練習13

Not only does air exert pressure, but it also has buoyancy.This method not only simplifies analysis but also facilitates measurements.空氣不僅產生壓力，而且有浮力。

這種方法不僅簡化了分析，而且也便于測量。7.3 常用主從連接詞的譯法 第3節 翻譯練習1 The loop oscillator frequency can be the same as, or a multiple of , the reference frequency.Because a d.c.motor is the same physical machine as a d.c.generator, its equivalent circuit is exactly the same as that of a generator except for the direction of current flow.環路振蕩器可以和參考頻率相同，也可以是參考頻率的倍數。由于直流電機與直流發電機的物理結構是一樣的，其等效電路除了電流方向外也與直流發電機相同。

R2, as is shown in Fig.3, has been split in halves to enable the feedback to be applied.Under certain conditions a body can be charged, as has been said before.如圖3所示，R2被分為兩半，使得反饋能夠加上去。在一定的條件下，物體能夠帶電，這在前面已經講到。第3節 翻譯練習2 As current is increased, the flux builds up according to Curve 2.As you are doing the experiment, write down the observations.當電流增大，磁通沿著曲線2增大。

在你做實驗的同時，把觀察到的情況記錄下來。

As the 21st century approaches, complicated digital technologies and the promise of exploding bandwidth are combining to create a third kind of convergence.As particle has no extent, its position is a point.As water is a compound, it can be decomposed.As the current was trebled abruptly, the second valve burnt out.隨著21世紀的來臨，復雜的數字技術與帶寬不斷擴大的前景相結合將會創造出第三種意義的“連通”。

由于質點沒有廣度，它的位置是一個點。因為水是化合物，所以可以分解。

由于電流突然增加了兩倍，第二個電子管燒壞了。第3節 翻譯練習3 Gravity, the force of the earth’s attraction, governs the atmosphere just as it governs solid objects.Some waves are reflected as a mirror reflects light.The large force is to the small force as the large area is to the small area.引力，即地球的吸引力，正像它影響著固體那樣影響著大氣。大的力與小的力之比就像大面積與小面積之比。有些波被反射，就像鏡子反射光一樣。

Electron tubes are not so light in weight as semiconductor devices.The tools are machined to tolerances as close as 0.0001 inch.Modern computers can store the facts as fast as they are gathered and pour them out whenever they are needed.電子管的重量不如半導體器件那么輕。

現代計算機能盡快地將收集到的資料儲存起來，并在需要時輸送出去。

工具加工的誤差接近0.0001英寸。第3節 翻譯練習4 Complicated as modern machine is, it is essentially a combination of simple machines.The various losses in a machine, great as they are, do not in any way contradict the Law of Conservative of Energy.Very large as the nuclear energy supply in the interior of the star is, it is nevertheless finite.現代化機器雖然復雜，但實質上不過是許多簡單機械的組合。雖然恒星內部的核能儲量很大，但仍是有限的。

機器中的各種損耗盡管很大，但這與能量守恒定律絲毫也不矛盾。第3節 翻譯練習5 Each of the two wires carrying currents has a magnetic field, as if it were a magnet.Water also presses on the inside of the container as though it is trying to escape.通電的兩根導線每一根都有一個磁場，好像是一塊磁鐵。水對容器的內壁也產生壓力，似乎水力圖要流出來一樣。第3節 翻譯練習6 So long as we have means of producing heat can we keep a steam engine working.It is capable of keeping its shape as long as the planet keeps spinning.只要設法產生熱，就能使蒸汽機做功。

只要恒星連續不斷地旋轉，它就能保持自己的形狀。

As far as processing power is concerned, the difference between a PC and a mainframe is closing fast.As far as the quality of transformers is concerned, the ones they produced are better.就處理能力而言，PC機和大型機之間的差異正在迅速縮小。就變壓器的質量而言，他們生產的變壓器更好。第3節 翻譯練習7 As soon as printing quality levels can be maintained and the effective life of the machine increased, a preventive maintenance program is effective.As soon as the electrons are transformed and ions formed, they are charged.The electrons create a magnetic field as soon as they begin to move.一旦印刷質量得以保證并且機器有效使用期得以延長，經常性維修保養計劃才是行之有效的。

一旦電子轉移，形成離子，它們就帶電了。電子一開始運動，就產生磁場。第3節 翻譯練習8 Before you join one electric wire with another, make sure the current has been switched off.The leaves separate before the metallic board is touched.Further study is needed before the origin of the covalent bond can be considered a settle question.在你把一根電線和另一根電線連接起來之前，務必先切斷電源。在接觸金屬板以前簧片分開。

需進一步深入研究，才能解決共價鍵的起源問題。

The direction of the current was decided before electrons were discovered.She switched on the engine before we could stop her.電流方向確定了，電子才被發現。

我們還沒來得及阻止她，她就開動了發動機。

第3節 翻譯練習9 Even if one of the engines fails the plane will be able to continue its flight safely.It has undergone a chemical change since, even if cooled, it will not return to its original condition.The lathe can turn holes even if it is not a driller.即使發動機中有一臺失靈，飛機仍能安全地繼續飛行。車床盡管不是鉆床，也能鉆孔。

從那時起它已發生化學變化，即使加以冷卻，它也不會恢復原樣。第3節 翻譯練習10 If a.c.power is available, all drives requiring constant speed should use squirrel-cage induction or synchronous motors because of their ruggedness and lower cost.If the parting contacts are made of low-melting-point material such as brass or copper, the arc will go out at the first current zero as the voltage is insufficient to reestablish as cathode spot after current reversal.因為鼠籠式感應電動機或同步電動機經久耐用且成本低，若有交流電源可用，所有需要恒速驅動的裝置應使用這兩種電機。如果分段的觸點采用低熔點金屬（如黃銅、銅）等制作，則電弧會在第一個電流過零點熄滅，因為在電流極性變化后，沒有足夠的電壓再次產生陰極輝光放電。

People might have avoided many accidents if ultrasonic methods had been known.If a d.c.system were to be used, the transmission loss would be very great.If there were no air, the earth would undergo extreme changes in temperature.The question is if there are other chief sources of organic materials in addition to coal and petroleum.要是過去知道超聲波法，人們當時是可以避免許多事故的。如果沒有空氣，地球溫度就會發生劇變。若采用直流電力網，輸電損失就會很大。

問題是除了煤和石油之外是否還有別的有機物主要來源。第3節 翻譯練習11 The current flows through a conductor in case there is a difference of potential between the ends of the conductor.Ordinary movements would be impossible in case friction were unavailable.如果導體兩端有不同電位時，電流就可以通過導體流動。假如沒有摩擦力，常見的活動都不可能進行。第3節 翻譯練習12 Once formed, the depletion region acts against further diffusion.Once the melting point is reached, the temperature will not increase any further until the melting is completed.Once an object is in motion, it will continue to move.耗盡區一旦形成，便會阻礙進一步擴散。

一旦達到熔點，溫度就不再升高，直到完全熔化。物體一旦處于運動狀態，就會繼續運動下去。第3節 翻譯練習13 The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume provided its temperature is kept constant.45 The blast-furnace is expected to remain the world’s chief source of iron units steelmaking, provided adequate supplies of suitable coking coal remain available at competitive cost.如果溫度保持不變，則氣體壓力和其體積成反比。

只要有足夠的焦煤且成本低，高爐仍將是世界上主要的煉鐵設備。

All substances will permit the passage of some electric current, in the event that the potential difference is high enough.The magnetic effect does not represent a continuous expenditure of energy, supposing that the current is steady.倘若電位差足夠高時，所有的物質都將可能通過若干電流。假如電流穩定的話，磁效應不再繼續消耗能量。第3節 翻譯練習14 Since that time, especially since the introduction of the Bessemer process, the age of iron has turned into an age of steel.Electricity has found wide application since it was discovered.自從那時起，特別是自從采用貝西默煉鋼法以來，煉鐵時代轉變為煉鋼時代。自從發現電以后，電就獲得了廣泛的應用。

Since planetesimals aggregated at different distances from the sun’s heat and light, the composition of the planets varies.Since the secondary winding is normally operated into a high-impedance circuit, the secondary current is quite small.由于微星聚集的地點離太陽的熱和光遠近不同，行星的組成也不同。因為次級繞組通常被輸入高阻抗的電路，所以次級電流很小。第3節 翻譯練習15 Large accumulations of plant remains indicate that the deposits were formed in close proximity to land in a swamp, estuary, or delta.One condition for this is that the polymer consists of alternate single and double bonds, termed conjugated double bonds.若是植物遺骸大量堆積，這表明沉積物是在緊靠陸地的沼澤、港灣或三角洲中形成的。（賓從）

一種情況是，這種聚合物由單雙鍵交替構成，即所謂的共軛雙鍵。（表從）

We are all familiar with the fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving by itself.The pore space of soil that is thoroughly soaked with water does not have any air.This could result in the development of tiny, powerful computers that run for extended periods of time on little power.我們都熟知這樣一個事實：自然界沒有一個物質會自行開始運動或自行停止運動。（同位從）完全被水浸沒的土壤，其孔隙沒有絲毫空氣。（定從）這種技術可以用于開發體積微小、功能強大的計算機。而這類計算機依靠極少的電能就可以長時間地工作。（定從）第3節 翻譯練習16 Many substances such as glass and wood conduct so poorly that they may be called nonconductors or insulators.At an estimated 80 beats per second, the bee hummer’s wings move so rapidly that the naked eye cannot detect them.諸如玻璃、木材之類的物質傳導性極差，所以可稱為非導體或絕緣體。（結果狀從）

蜂鳥的翅膀估計每秒扇動80次，速度之快使肉眼看不到它的翅膀。（結果狀從）Cables are usually laid underground so that their life may be extended.Now that we have examined several areas of natural science, perhaps it would be well to attempt to define science.Lead is toxic in that it hampers brain development.電纜通常安裝在地下，為的是延長其壽命。（目的狀從）

既然我們已經仔細研究了自然科學的幾個領域，現在不妨給科學下個定義。（原因狀從）鉛有毒，因為鉛會影響大腦發育。（原因狀從）第3節 翻譯練習17 Unless the steam is superheated, higher pressure will be necessary.A copper wire is not affected unless there is electrical pressure.Usually substances can’t expand, unless they are heated.如果蒸汽不是過熱蒸汽，就需要較高的壓力。銅線不受磁鐵的影響，除非它載有電流。物質如果不受熱，一般是不會膨脹的。第3節 翻譯練習18 Until the SCR was developed, the thyratron was the only controlled rectifier available.Rubber was known only as a natural product until its synthesis was achieved in 1916.Not until the jet engine had come into use could planes travel at supersonic speeds.在研制出可控硅之前，閘流管是唯一可用的可控整流元件。

在1916年人工合成橡膠之前，人們只知道橡膠是一種天然產品。直到噴氣發動機投入使用，飛機才能做超音速飛行。

When the water temperature is increased, it vaporizes more quickly until it reaches boiling point.水溫升高時，水蒸發得越來越快，直到達到沸點為止。第3節 翻譯練習19 Precisely what happens to the atomic structure of metals at such low temperatures is still not wholly understood.Since sound travels differently through different materials, analyzing the sounds can reveal what the floor is made of.在如此低的溫度下金屬的原子結構到底發生什么變化，還不完全清楚。（主從）

因為聲音在不同的物質中傳播情況不同，分析這些聲音能夠知道海底是由什么構成的。（賓從）

A programmer must make out, in every detail, the problem to be solved in what is called machine language.These illustrations show what happens to the mixture after it enters the cylinder of the engine.The method of physics is to analyze first the simpler cases, to extract what we can from them, and to go forward to more and more complicated cases.What the image tube does is not hard to describe.程序編制人員要用所謂的機器語言把要解決的題目詳盡地編排出來。（賓從）這些插圖顯示混合物進入汽缸后會發生什么情況。（賓從）顯象管的作用不難說清。（主從）

物理學的方法是首先分析一些較簡單的事例，從中吸取我們所能吸取的知識，然后進一步分析越來越復雜的事例。（賓從）第3節 翻譯練習20

We don’t know when the best times are for seeing Mercury.We don’t know when they can give the transformers we ordered.This was the period when he began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.我們不知道觀察水星的最好時機是什么時候。（主從）我們不知道他們什么時候開始交付我們訂購的變壓器。（賓從）

就在這期間，他開始進行一項研究，通過這項研究創立了著名的相對論。（定從）

In those years when electricity had not been discovered, people knew nothing of conductors and insulators.在電還沒有被發現的年代里，人們不知道有導體和絕緣體。（定從）第3節 翻譯練習21 When a substance is dissolved in water, the freezing point of the water is lowered.The SCR will only pass current when its gate is pulsed.Newton’s first two laws hold only when they are observed in unaccelerated reference frames.當一種物質溶解于水時，水的冰點就會降低。

只有當可控硅的門電極受脈沖作用時才能讓電流通過。

牛頓的第一、第二定律，只有在非加速的參照系中作觀察時，才能成立。An electric current exists when there are charges in motion.如果有電荷運動，就存在著電流。第3節 翻譯練習22 Where the power station will be built is under discussion.Universal connectivity will bring together all the information and services you need and make them available to you regardless of where you are, what you are doing, or the kind of device you are using.電站建在什么地方正在討論中。（主從）

通用連接技術將能把你所需要的信息和服務收攏起來。而且無論你在哪里，無論你在做什么，無論你使用何種設備，它都能將這些信息和服務送到你手上。（賓從）Then arose the question where we were to buy the generators needed.Water power station must be built where there are water falls.Where the watt is too small a unit, we may use the kilowatt.這時就產生了這樣一個問題，我們到哪兒買所需要的發電機？（同位從）水電站必須建在水有落差的地方。（狀從）在用瓦作單位太小的情況下，我們可用千瓦。（狀從）第3節 翻譯練習23 Resistant and tolerant varieties can help mitigate tuber damage where nematodes are present.Most urban areas now have a TDD relay center, where operators serve as intermediaries between TDD users and standard-phone users.Surrounding every magnet there is a region where magnetic forces act.在每一塊磁鐵的周圍都有一個磁力作用的區域。（定從）抗病蟲品種可以有助于減緩線蟲對球根的損害。（定從）現在大部分城市市區都有“耳聾電信裝置”中繼中心，在那里接線員是“耳聾電信裝置”用戶和普通電話用戶的中間人。（定從）

The reducing top gas, containing 70 percent carbon monoxide plus hydrogen, flows from an outlet pipe located near the top of the DR furnace into the top-gas scrubber, where it is cooled and

scrubbed to remove dust particles.第3節 翻譯練習24 The question is whether these relays and breakers come up to the mark.We wonder whether simpler and more inclusive conservation laws exist.There is no difference whether or not the temperature is kept constant.A waterfall, whether it is man-made or natural, also possesses energy.我們不知道是否有形式更簡單、運用范圍更廣泛的守恒定律。（賓從）溫度是否保持不變，這沒有什么關系。（同位從）問題是這些繼電器和斷路器是否合乎要求。（表從）瀑布，不管它是人造的還是天然的，也具有能量。（狀從）第3節 翻譯練習25 Which of these generators is the most efficient has to be tested.The problem is which generator you repair first.As to which of these apparatuses is the best, I can’t give you any definite answer.這些發電機中哪一個最有效還有待試驗。（主從）

至于這些裝置中哪臺最好，我不能作任何肯定的回答。（賓從）問題是你先修哪一臺發電機。（表從）第3節 翻譯練習26 Technology tries to find applications for new ideas which science discovers.In order to keep the engine speed within the limits which it was designed for, a device which is known as a governor is incorporated in the engine.The basic principle which a tape recorder functions on is that of magnetism.技術力圖為科學所發現的新思想找到應用。（定從）

為了使發動機的轉速保持在所設計的范圍之內，在發動機里裝有被稱為調速器的裝置。（定從）

磁帶錄音機的基本工作原理就是磁性原理。（定從）

Molecules in turn are made up of atoms, which are smaller particles still.An experimental station has been established off the Ivory Coast of Africa, which utilizes the different temperature levels of sea water.Light has a higher frequency than radio vaves or microwaves, which gives it a greater information carrying capacity.分子本身又是由原子構成，后者是更小的粒子。（定從）在非洲象牙海岸沿海已建立起一座試驗性發電站，該發電站利用海水的溫度級差來發電。（定從）

光的頻率高于無線電波和微波，這就使它具有更大的信息運載能力。（定從）

At present, microwave technology, which includes microwave heating and microwave survey, is being widely applied to industrial and agricultural production.Many people could find that videoconferencing yields productivity gains which make it worth the investment of time and money.目前，微波技術，包括微波加熱和微波測量，正廣泛地應用于工農業生產。（定從）許多人會發現，視頻會議系統可以提高生產效率，因此它值得我們投入時間和金錢。（定從）第3節 翻譯練習27 Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.New types of computers are smaller in size, while they are simpler in operation.49 Each face is an equilateral triangle, while three faces meet at each vertex.新型計算機體積較小，而且操作也比較簡單。

每一個面是一個正三角形，而且在每一個頂點有三個面相交。運動是絕對的，而靜止是相對的。第3節 翻譯練習28 While a crystal solid melts, there is no change in temperature.While there are heat losses in a steam turbine, I cannot prove it.While a spark of life remains, it is a doctor’s duty to save the patient.當晶態固體熔化時，溫度沒有變化。

雖然渦輪機內有熱損耗，但我無法加以證明。只要病人還有一息生機，醫生就有責任挽救。第3節 翻譯練習29 It is still not clear in my mind why a generator can produce power.This is why some conjugated polymers exhibit electro-luminescence.We all know why the ground loses heat to the air.我仍然弄不明白為什么發電機能發電。（主從）

這就是為什么一些共軛聚合物具有電致發光的特點。（表從）我們都知道為何地表把熱量輸送給空氣。（賓從）

The reason why elements emit radioactive rays is that they are constantly decaying.The reason why the turbine doesn’t work is the lack of lubricant.元素射出放射線的原因是因為它們不停地在衰變。（定從）那臺汽輪機運轉不靈的原因是缺少潤滑油。（定從）第7章 總復習題

The conductivity of polyacetylene drops rapidly in contact with air.There is a brighter future for intelligent devices in the home.The scientists found that the blood vessels in the leg cannot swell.Once upon a time, bold claims were made about computers, the future and the “paperless office”.聚乙炔一接觸空氣，其導電性就迅速下降。家庭智能裝置仍有著更加光明的前景。（省譯）科學家們發現腿內的血管不會腫脹。

曾幾何時，有人就有關計算機、未來和“無紙化辦公”做過大膽的預測。The doctor advised against the use of the new treatment.If a good base cannot be found at a reasonable depth, then a so-called deep foundation must be provided.Magnetic lines of force cannot be seen, but we know they exist by what they do.磁力線是看不見的，但是我們按照它們的作用即知它們的存在。醫生建議不要使用新的治療方法。

若在合理的深度內找不到堅實的地基層，那就要采用所謂的深基礎。We may process directly with Kirchoff’s voltage law for the circuit.The proper values of a and b are determined from two conditions.Optional communications are free from electromagnetic interference.This type of discrepancy could have resulted from differences in kinetics.a和b的值由兩個條件決定。

對于電路，我們可直接從克希荷夫電壓定律講起。

第二篇：科技英語翻譯答案

新核心大學英語——科技英語

UNIT 7 1．到目前為止，還沒有一個競爭者能像iPad一樣對消費者形成如此顯著的影響。（so far）So far,none of these contenders like iPad has gained any significant influence on consumer.2．如果應當得當，新一輪全球化也許對中國這樣的發展中國家更為有利。（be favorable for）When properiy handled, the new-round globalization can be more favorable for developing countries like China.3．她通常不隨便花錢，要花也只是花她所掙的一小部分。（a fraction of）Generally, she is careful with her money, and spends only a fraction of her earning.4．演講者應當向觀眾表述一些有意義，有見解的發言，讓觀眾在思想上受益。（deliver…to）Speakers should deliver to audience a meaningful and insinghtful speech and make audience benefit from it.5．我得改掉每天晚上看電視的習慣。（wean oneself from）I have to wean myself from watching TV every night.UNIT 8 1．除了過強的北風外，此處為建設零碳環保建筑提供了理想的地理環境條件。（with the exception of）

With the exception of too-strong winds from the north, the location offers ideal geographical and environmental condition for a net-zero, environment-friendly building.2．此外，生態建筑挑戰還限制了建材到工地的運輸半徑。（in addition）

In addition, living building challenge places limits on the transportation radius from the construction site.3．為了充分利用當地的天然資源，項目小組將能源實驗室設計成沿地形逐漸降低的三部分。（to make the most of）

To make the most use of the local natural assets the project team developed the energy lab into three volumes that step down with the landscape.4．建筑管理系統在實驗室能效監控方面起到了重大作用。（play a significant role in）The building management system plays a significant role in minitoring the lab’senergy efficency.5．考慮到項目小組為滿足苛刻認證條件所作出的努力，該項目是真正的可持續建筑。（Given….）

Given all the effort involved in meeting the demanding requirement for the certification ,the project is a real sustainable building.UNIT 10 1．我們需要的一切是一些創造力和大量的時間和練習。（along with）All we need is some creativity along with plenty of time and practice.2．工廠由于未能遵守政府的安全條例而被關閉。（comply with）

The factory was closed for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.3．這個國家最終可能只是成為一個低成本的生產基地，而不是創新的發源地。（end up）This country could end up becoming simply a low-cost manufactoring base , not a source of innovation.4．為了幫助他們開拓新的市場，你有何具體計劃？（open up）Do you have any particular plan to help them open up new market? 5．中國不惜一切代價去阻止臺灣“獨立”，包括發動戰爭。（wage）

China is willing to wage war with Taiwan to prevent from declaring independence-whatever the cost.

第三篇：商務英語翻譯課后習題答案

Unit1

1)從合同生效之日起到合同終止期間，雙方每年舉行一次正式會晤，以便討論合同執行中存在的問題，以及就技術發展與改進問題進行交流，為進一步技術合作奠定基礎。雙方的會晤輪流在兩國舉行。討論的內容和結論載入備忘錄。每方與會人員不得超過5人，費用自理。

2)如果合同一方未能在合同規定的時限內履行合同義務，并在收到未違約方通知后15天內未能消除違約或采取補救措施，而且在被允許延長期內未履行合同，在此情形下，未違約方應書面通知違約方解除合同，同時有權向違約方索賠。

1)從合同生效之日起到合同終止期間，雙方每年舉行一次正式會晤，以便討論合同執行中存在的問題，以及就技術發展與改進問題進行交流，為進一步技術合作奠定基礎。雙方的會晤輪流在兩國舉行。討論的內容和結論載入備忘錄。每方與會人員不得超過5人，費用自理。

2)如果合同一方未能在合同規定的時限內履行合同義務，并在收到未違約方通知后15天內未能消除違約或采取補救措施，而且在被允許延長期內未履行合同，在此情形下，未違約方應書面通知違約方解除合同，同時有權向違約方索賠。

1）① 僅進去年一年時間，美元升值已經超過10%，這與1997年至1998年的亞洲金融危機期間的升值幅度差不多。② 美國經濟的減速很可能更加支持人們對美元的信心。

2）① 匯率變動對于進口價格的影響取決于國內市場需求的強度。

② 事實上，今年美國的出口已經有顯著增長，長期以來首次超過了進口。

1）當事人一方不履行合同義務或者履行合同義務不符合約定的，在履行義務或者采取補救措施后，對方還有其他損失的，應當賠償損失。

2）對發行機構本身業務需要發行債券的，所籌資金必須按批準的用途使用，債券本息的償還自行負責。

3）報關手續由住所在該國的一方或其代表辦理，這通常是可取的。因此，出口商通常應辦理出口報關手續，進口商應辦理進口報關手續。

1)世界貿易組織于1995年成立，是年輕的國際組織之一。世界貿易組織的前身是關貿總協定，成立于第二次世界大戰結束時期。因此，盡管世界貿易組織很年輕，但是關貿總協定時期建立的多邊貿易體系已經有50年的歷史了。1998年5月19日多邊貿易體系在日內瓦慶祝其50周年紀念日時，許多國家和政府首腦都到場參加了慶祝活動。

2)因此，生產者和消費者都知道他們所需的成品、零部件、原材料、服務會得到充足的供應，且選擇面廣。生產者和出口商同樣明白，國外市場會對他們開放。

3)與其前身不同的是，世界貿易組織是一個正式組建的實體，它的所有規定對其成員國具有法律的約力，并且它是獨立于聯合國以外的國際組織。它為國家貿易法規提供了總的框架，同時也將關稅及貿易總協定規定的范圍擴大到服務貿易、知識產權和投資貿易。

1）對不包括在合同中的工程或業主簽訂的其他與合同工程有關的輔助合同項目，承包人按業主的要求，為業主雇傭的其他承包人及其工人，業主雇傭的工人和其他在工程現場課雇傭的機構提供合理的開展工作的機會。

2）然而，如果承包人應工程師或其代表的書面要求，讓其他承包人、業主或其他機構可以使用由他負責維護的公路或道路，或者允許他們使用施工現場的腳手架或其他設備，或提供其他任何類似的服務，則業主應向承包人支付工程師認為合理的費用。

3）所有在既是承包人又是業主的工地上發現的化石、錢幣、有價物品或古代文物、建筑物和其他具有地質或考古價值的遺跡、物品均被認為絕對屬于業主的財產。承包人應防止他人搬走或損壞這些物品，并在發現之后搬動之前，立即通知工程師的代表，按其指示處理這些物品，費用由業主承擔。

4）為了防范匯率風險，穩定進出口貿易（包括其他對外經濟活動）成本，開展即期和遠期外匯買賣業務，特制定本規定。

1）在合同簽字后12年內，買方不得全部或部分地披露按本合同所獲得的專有技術、技術資料和其他情況。但買方有權將上述內容提供給為本合同工廠工作或與本合同工廠有關的人員。對專有技術、技術資料和其他情報已經公開的部分，買方不再承擔保密義務。

2）若由賣方負責消除缺陷，買方應按賣方要求，向賣方提供必需的人員、安裝工具和吊車等。由此而產生的費用由賣方負擔。消除缺陷應盡快進行，賣方應盡最大努力使合同工廠的建設進度不受其影響。

3）安裝期間，賣方技術人員須參加全部設備安裝質量的檢查和測試。雙方各自授權一名代表，處理合同工廠從安裝到驗收期間有關合同工廠的全部技術工作。雙方代表如有分岐意見應友好地協商解決。當不能解決時，可報請雙方的上級處理

1)新公司股東應在新公司成立時，在基于本協議規定制訂的公司章程中描述其權利和義務的條款。如果新公司各股東對本工程的有關事宜不能達成協議，主要股東的意見和決定應是最終的，對新公司的其他股東具有約束力。

2)B方應確保在建造期間，C方可以免去下述稅費，即免除各種設備和材料的進口關稅、國稅及地稅，如發電設備、施工設備、車輛（包括小汽車、吉普車等）、工具、建筑材料以及其他物品和生活設施。

3)本協議中的任何規定不應被理解為對本協議所述設備的專利或版權進行轉讓，所有這些權利均完全屬于其正的合法主人，C方或新公司應保留對有關說明書、策劃案、圖紙和其他文件的所有權利，B方保證在未經C方或新公司事先書面同意的條件下不得將類似或相關內容泄露給第三國。

1、9月28日，該公司股票首次在東京證券交易所掛牌上市。

2、出售期貨合約的出售者被認為是處在市場空頭。

3、期貨交易只能在政府管理的交易所內進行。

4、清算所將每個交易所清算成員各自的凈結算額通知他們。

5、如果你賣空而期貨價格上升，你就賠錢。

6、外匯期貨是金融期貨的一種。

7、直到期貨合約到期之時，期貨價格才穩定。

8、保證金也給了交易商以極大的財務杠桿的便利。

9、多頭是指一種貨幣的流入大于流出，而空頭指一種貨幣的流出大于流入。

10、期貨市場上的套做交易實際上就是轉移風險。

1)9月17日，行人從位于紐約時代廣場的納斯達克股票市場走過，那天股市以跌幅達7%收盤，這是繼9月11日被劫持的飛機撞塌世貿中心大廈以來首次開盤。

2)上海證券交易所開張迄今15年，這個中國首家資本市場目前已覆蓋全國，并開始與國際股市接軌。上海證券交易所是一個世界股市有史以來成長最快的資本市場。從2010年至2020年，上海證券交易所將成為全球最大的股票市場之一。

3)紐約證券交易所是由21位董事會來經營，其中10位從證券業選舉產生，10位從非證券業中挑選產生，還有一位是由董事們選舉的董事會主席。紐約證券交易所不擁有證券，不買賣股票，也不影響它們的價格，它只提供一個集中的地方以供其成員買賣證券。

1）（人民幣的）匯率并軌是（中國）外貿、金融、物價改革邁出的很大一步。匯率并軌極大有利于促進出口，幫助平衡國家財政收支，刺激外商直接投資，而不會對國內經濟產生巨大的沖擊。

2）債券購買者天性謹慎。在購入債券之前，常常堅持要求掌握一份法律上可強制執行的合同。這種債券契約闡述債券持有人的權利及債券發行者的義務，尤其強調發行者本金和利息的及時支付。除此以外，債券契約通常包含若干保護性條例，如限制發放現金紅利以及不許發售新債券等。

3）債券發行之后，發行機構應根據管匯部門的要求，按季報送資金的使用情況、投資和貸款項目的經營狀況以及資金的償還情況。如果需要改變資金用途，發行機構應事先取得管匯部門的同意。

1）為了讓外國游客和商人能方便地支付在中國的費用和以及讓國民試用這種世界流行的信用工具，中國銀行一直在努力向客戶推介使用長城卡。目前已有數萬張長城卡投入使用，顯示出比傳統的現金結算更高的效率。

2）信用卡能使持卡人通過賒賬的方式獲得商品和服務。信用卡由零售商店、銀行或信用卡公司發放給經過批準的客戶。銀行或信用卡公司結清客戶的賬單，按月給客戶開列消費清單，收取欠款的利息。他們的利潤來自所收取的高額利息，持卡人支付的年費以及接受信用卡的單位交納的代理費。

3）當持卡人到已經與中國銀行訂立協議接受這種付款工具的商店、賓館、餐館購物或接受服務之時，可以用信用卡支付賬單。然后，這些供應單位再向銀行索償，銀行全額償付這些款項后，每月對客戶的賬戶結算一次。

4）除此以外，中國銀行還開辦了用外匯計值的長城金卡，它是專門為國際旅游者設計的。因為該卡已加入了萬事達和維薩兩大國際信用卡公司網絡，此卡的持卡人就可以作為這兩種外國信用卡的成員，在任何與這兩家信用卡集團有關系的國外服務機構使用它。

1、當時，銀行的規定對小額零星存款和短期存款的利率有限制。但是資金市場互助基金卻使個體投資者能夠參與國

債，大額存單，商業本票的批發或“資金”市場，這些市場的利率要高的多。

2、基金投資運作的關鍵是盡可能降低風險，同時盡最大可能獲取利潤。然而，高收益往往與高風險相伴，低風險與低收益同行。因此，資金投資運作必須正確處理好風險與收益的關系。在現代投資理論和投資實踐中，解決這一問題的基本對策是組合投資。

3、自去年以來，高利率幫助存貨急劇減少。首先，因為高利率使借款購貨變得昂貴；其次，因為當貨幣市場有高利可圖時，人們不愿再存放成本高的無利息的商品。

2）出口配額是出口國政府允許出口的某種或某類商品的數量。出口配額的目的是保護如糖，水泥和木材等這類商品在國內的供應。出口配額也可用作抬高如石油，戰略金屬等商品的國際市場的價格，以保護輸出國自然資源。配額一詞通常指進口配額。在實際操作中，配額通常指進口配額，雖然有些不夠準確。當出口方談及出口配額時，一般指進口國的進口配額。

3）法律環境對企業來說是指東道國與商業有關的法律法規。了解這些法律和法規，同時調整自己的行為以適應東道國的法律環境，對公司都非常重要。

1）所得稅建立在凈收入的基礎上，是從毛收入中扣除某些項目后所剩余的部分。可扣除的項目和使用的稅率由法律規定，個人所得稅和公司所得稅是不同的。

2）社會保險稅是聯邦政府征收的薪金稅，此項稅收為老年救濟金和失業救濟金的社會義務保險計劃提供資金。稅款來自雇員和雇主，并根據雇員的收入征稅。不能因為所得稅也是一種收益稅而將其與社會保險混淆。社會保險稅用于一種特定的目的，而所得稅則用于多種目的。

3）銷售稅是按固定的比率對商品零售價格征收的稅。在一些州或城市，食品及藥品一類的商品和服務都是免稅的，但在其他地方卻不然。聯邦政府對貨物的最終銷售不征收“普通”營業稅，然而對酒類、汽油和其他產品的制造、銷售和消費則征收特別的銷售稅，即消費稅。

4）電子商務的概念不是新出現的------商業上應用EDI進行商業交易已經多年了。EDI使企業能夠在計算機系統之間交換結構化的信息（訂單、發票等）而無須人工參與。信息通常在專用的增值網絡（VANS）上傳送，VANS為用戶提供存儲和接收郵件的服務。

第四篇：科技英語翻譯

寧波工程學院簡介

（NINGBO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN PROFILE）

寧波工程學院是一所由寧波市政府舉辦的全日制普通本科院校，前身寧波高等專科學校創建于1983年5月。2004年5月升格更名為寧波工程學院。學校分東、西兩個校區，占地面積1400多畝（西校區（翠柏路）300畝；東校區（風華路）規劃1100多畝，其中已建成約400畝），校舍建筑面積30萬平方米。現有11個二級學院，27個本科專業。有教職工825人，在校全日制學生9429人。Ningbo University of Technology is a Full-time regular undergraduate program university which financed by Ningbo Municipal Government,it was founded in May,1983 as Ningbo polytechnic college which was upgraded and redesignated in May,2004.(east campus and west campus with total area of 1400mu and building area of 0.3 million square,the west camps at 208Cuibai Road ,the 400mu east camps at the Fenghua Road to be developed.It is constituted of 11schoolos ,27 undergraduate-programs, registering a staff of 825,full-time admission of 9429.學校綜合辦學條件良好，基礎設施齊備。現有教學儀器設備總值8989萬元，館藏圖書117萬余冊。目前學校專任教師511人，其中有碩士以上學位者297人，占58%，博士67人，占13%；副教授129人，教授56人，副高以上占36%，師資隊伍建設呈現良好發展態勢。

NBUT is well-equipped,in the value of 89890000RMB and a library of

1.17million volumes.The university registers a faculty of 511,of whom 297 have obtained master degrees and over 67 doctor degrees,(58% and 13% of the total respectively),and whom 129 associate professors and 56 professors(36% of the total respectively),the construction of teaching resource shows a favorable development trend.學校以學科建設為龍頭，以市場需求為導向，精心設置專業，堅持工科為主，多學科協調發展。學校不斷提高專業建設水平，辦好優勢專業，扶植特色專業，全面實施“321教學質量工程”。現有省級重點學科1個，重點專業2個，精品課程5門，省級示范基礎實驗室。

Directed to the discipline building and market demand ,NBUT attaches prime importance to program configuration with the focus upon engineering courses in cooperation with others.The “321 Teaching Quality Project” is underway,in support of advantaged and specialized.Currently rated at provincial level is a parcel of fruits,a key note program,two key note major programs and five excellent courses,model basis laboratory.學校加強科研基地和隊伍建設，大力開展應用性科技研究和發展，現有科研機構十余個2008年已獲國家級項目5項，省級項目14項；發表論文282篇，其中三大檢索論文48篇，CSSCI來源期刊論文14篇；實現專利轉讓2項。學校積極推進產學研結合，科研成果的應用轉化成效良好。

NBUT provides an impetus to the growth of research basis under personal,in view of applied R&D.Available on the campuses are over ten research basis.The 2009 saw the research proceeds in the amount of over 40million RMB,three state Natural Science Fund,5 PNSF projects ,the publication of 282 theses,of which 56 are retrieved into SCI,EI and ISTP,and 14 into CSSCI,along with the transfer of two patents.2008年，為進一步加強學校與地方政府、企業以及高等院校、科研院所之間的聯系與合作，啟動了“雙合作”工作，初見成效。與鎮海區簽訂了全面科技合作協議；與中國社會科學院合作共建國際港口與物流研究中心；與中國科學院寧波材料技術與工程研究所共建專業實驗室。

The Double coo-program/Scheme was launched in 2008 to keep in close contact with the local government and the above-mentioned institutions.Agreements were signed covering all round science and Technology Cooperation with Zhenhai district, the jointly-built international sea-ports and logistics research-canteen with China of society science, the jointly-built specialized lib with Ningbo Medical Technology and engineering institute under China of science.學校以應用開發型高級技術人才為培養目標，積極探索“知行合一，雙核協同”的人才培養模式。學校注重培養學生的實踐能力，組織參加省級以上專業競賽，屢獲佳績。畢業生深受地方用人單位的歡迎，初次就業率一直保持在95%以上。

Aimed to cultivating the advanced technical talents in applied R&D,NBUT is seeking after about the educational mode of knowledge and practice in “Oneness” and “Double-Kernel Link” students are encouraged to take part in the specialized competition at province level with outstanding awards.Graduates are welcome to local companies.The first employment rate is kept over than 95%.學校廣泛開展對外合作，借鑒國外先進經驗，強化外向型辦學特色。1984年即與亞琛應用科技大學結對，是全國四所中德合作研究院校之一。先后與澳大利亞、德國等多國的大學建立校際合作關系并開展合作辦學、師生交流和合作研究。學校設有寧高出國留學服務中心。

NBUT extensive corporation with the foreign university is promote.AS early as 1984,NBUT set up the sister relations with Aachen Applied Te-University ranked among colleges in China for Sino-German join educational program.Bilateral have been earlier or later established with a dozen of universities Australia、German and some other countries in regular of the degree program, exchanges of teacher and students , joint research projects.NG O-S-S is attached NBUT.學校全方位、多層次構建高格調、高水平、高質量的校園文化，著力塑造“知行合一”的辦學理念，積極發揮環境育人的功能，努力營造特色鮮明、文明和諧、健康向上的校園文化氛圍，全面提高學生綜合素質。

Due efforts are distributed to the educational mode” knowledge and practice in oneness,double-kernel link” in the hope of achieving a lofty advanced and harmonious campus culture and training the well-developed students.

第五篇：科技英語翻譯

形合和意合

1.昨天看電影我沒有買到好票。

I did not buy good seat for movie last day.2.這個車間既做來料加工，又做來樣加工。

This workshop processes raw material on client’s demand and processes according to investor’s sample as well.3.她在中國留學服務中心工作。

She works at Chinese service center for Scholarly Exchange.4.烤煙，蘋果，羊毛和甘薯是延安的四大農產品，年產量3.12億元，占農業總產值的52.5%。

Cured tobacco, apples, wool and sweet potatoes are the four main agricultural products in Yan’an, their output values at 312 million yuan RMB, according for 5.2% of its total agricultural output values.5.可以預言，鈦材在飛機或各種飛行器上的應用將會與日俱增，并且在其他工業中的應用也會擴大。It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasing in aerospace and in other industries.6.If rise of blood pressure occurs with some other disease, it is called secondary hypertension.某種與其他疾病伴發的高血壓，稱為繼發性高血壓

7.Change of information, if any, concerning the contents of this section will be found in the appendix at the end of this book.本節內容如有更改，均見本書末附錄。

8.一種微生物能夠破壞另一種微生物，這種現象最早是巴斯德發現的，他指出這可以用到醫療上去。

That a microganism is capable of destroying one of anther species was first discovered by Pasteur, who pointed out that can be used to the therapeutic use.英漢句子中心的差異

1.他們培育出的細胞看上去像胚胎干細胞，這的確令人驚訝。

It’s truly amazing that they can produce cells that look like embryoric stem cells.2.1968年12月阿波羅8號宇宙飛船上那些想家的宇航員們在太空拍下了整個地球的彩照，此后在1970年4月很快就出現了第一個地球日，這絕非是歷史的偶然。

It’s no accident of history that the first Earth Day in April 1970 came so soon after the color photograghs of the whole earth from space were made by homesick astronauts on the Apollo 8 mission to the moon December 1968.3.你們已經取得了進步，對此我毫不懷疑。

There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved.4.由于貴國政府的提議，才得以這樣快的重新實現訪問，這使我感到特別高興。

I was all the more delighted when as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.5.由于現代世界的發展和近年來在單門學科狹窄前沿上的研究進展，出現一些極其復雜的難題，單憑一兩人的力量是無法對它們進行透徹研究的。

One cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world and by recent development in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.6.這種小型熱帶魚由于具有自行修復受損和患病的眼部細胞的獨特能力，長期以來一直為科學家所關注。The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in their own eyes.7.不努力就不會成功。

One can never succeed without making great efforts.8.想到要出國深造，他激動不已。

He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.9.如蒙早日寄來樣品或產品冊，將不勝感激。

I would appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon forward to us.10.如能盡早回復，我將非常感謝。

I would appreciated it if you can reply as soon as possible.11.他本來在天津開會，會議一結束，他就上北京去度假了，昨天才坐飛機回來。

He had flown yesterday from Beijing where he spent his vocation after finishing the meeting he had taken part in Tianjing.12.In practice, the selected interval thickness is usually a compromise between the need for a thin interval to maximize the resolution and a thick interval to minimize the error.為保證最大的分辨率必須選用薄層，為使誤差最小必須選用厚層，實際上要權衡一下來選擇厚度。

13.在自然界找不到處于游離狀態的鋁，因為這種金屬總是和其他元素結合在一起，最普遍是跟氧結合（鋁和氧都有很強的親和力）。所以，鋁直到十九世紀才被人類發現。

Aluminum remained unknown until 19th century, because no free aluminum can be found in the nature, due to the metal can connected with other elements, most commonly with oxygen for aluminum and oxygen having strong affinity.14.It was to test the effect of mercury on the heart that the two new studies compared the mercury levels in clipping from toenails, where heavy metal tend to be deposited.重金屬通常是富集在指甲內，于是兩項新的研究比較了腳趾甲剪取物中的汞水平，以此來考察對比心臟的影響。

英漢語序差異

1.人體T細胞白血病病毒：human T-cell leukemia virus 2.國際經濟新秩序：a new international economic order 3.第五屆全國化學生物學學術會議：The 5th National Conference on Chemical Biology 4.Nation Academy of Sciences：國家科學院

5.Overview of GMP, Quality System and Compliance in the US：美國的GMP和質量體系合規性概觀

6.common side effect of the chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat cancer：治療癌癥的化療藥的一般副作用 7.這個通信衛星可以在任何時間向任何地點有效的傳遞語音信號和數據信號。

The communications satellite can send voice signal and data signal to any place at anytime.8.昨天在真空中進行了這個反應。

The reaction is carried out in a vacuum yesterday.9.中國南京江寧區龍眠大道639號。

639 Longmian Avenue, jiangning district, Nanjing, China 10.When the gene is activated, mice exhibit symptoms that mimic depression.基因被激活，小鼠表現出抑郁的癥狀。

11.The temperature is between 20-25℃ in the lab no matter when it is measured.無論什么時候測量，實驗室的溫度都保持在20-25度之間。12.無論出于固態，液態或氣態，水的化學成分都保持不變。

The chemical constituents of water remains constant whether it is in solid, liquid or gaseous state.13.SELDL-TOF-MS is a rapid and sensitive proteomic technique that has been applied to identify biomarkers in various diseases.14.由于甜椒中的親脂性成分，用極性洗脫液洗脫的甜椒樣品表現出更高的生物活性。

The sweet pepper samples eluted with polar eluents exerted high bioactivity due to their lipophilic component.15.該項準則隨后成為了全球公認的評價口服固體劑型均勻度的非藥典測量方法。

動態，靜態及名詞化

1． 地球繞軸自轉，引起晝夜變化。

The rotation of earth its axis causes the change from day to night.2． 采用這種新裝置可以大大降低廢品率。

The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.3． 為使物體克服慣性而運動，就需要一個力。A force is needed to move an object against inertia.4． 許多學貫中西的大師的經歷證明，學不好母語的人，也不可能真正學好外語。

The experience of many great master well versed in the learning of both Chinese and Western cultures have shown that without a mastery of his native language, it is impossible for one to be truly at home with a foreign language.增詞減詞 增詞

1.After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.2.He said he’d come to the discussion.3.Her job was sweeping, scratching, cleaning.4.I could knit when I was seven.5.This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.6.Because of its reliability and simplicity evaporation is often applied on a large scale, normally using steam as the heat source.7.Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.8.During an EL Nino the pressures over Australia, Indonesia and the Philippines are higher than normal, which results in dry conditions or even droughts.9.Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth.10.The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.11.The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related.12.Human beings have not yet been able to make an element by combining protons, neutrons and electrons.13.Air is a mixture of gases.14.Things in the universe are changing all the time.15.Plastic bowls marked microwavable are probably safer than those that aren’t.16.Matter can be changed into energy and energy into matter.17.The earth’s population is doubling, the environment is being damaged.18.The chief effects of electric currents are the magnetic, heating and chemical effects.減詞

1.由于失業率增高，美元幣值下降，股票市場處于困境之中，經濟問題將是總統所面臨的最嚴峻的考驗。With high unemployment, the low dollar and the distr stock market, the economy will be the president’s trail.2.你參加過花樣滑冰項目的比賽嗎？

3.陽光會破壞牛奶一類食品的維生素成分。

4.我們已經從其他國家有計劃有選擇的進口了一些成套的設備。5.應探索各種途徑和手段促進兒童語言的發展。

Various channels and ways should be explored to promote the language development of children.6.這家航空公司需要加強改進和完善運行機制。

The airline company should make intensive effort to change and improve.7.回顧過去病史，未發現感染反復發作。

8.今年我們在引進工作方面又取得了重大成績。9.我們積極支持生態農業。

10.肯德基出了新品種的香辣雞翅。

11.抗氧化劑是某種存在于食品中的化學物質。Antioxidant is a chemical in food.12.這臺較復雜的電腦又能設計出一臺更為復雜的電腦，而且還可以一代代更加復雜精密的開發，研制下去。This more complex computer could design one still more complex and soon…

句意反譯 肯定譯為否定

1． 這份說明書不夠詳盡。The specification lacks details.2． 我們不應該再把海洋當成人類的生活污水和工業污水的垃圾場了。We should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent.3． 精密儀器必須保持無塵。

Precise instrument must be keep free from the dust.4． 鐵箱能使地球磁場影響不了指南針。

An iron case will keep the Earth’s magnetic field away from the compass.5． 我們無權簽此合同。

It’s beyond our power to sign the contract.6． 他們公司在產品的包裝和宣傳上明顯比不上競爭對手。

Their company is obviously inferior to their rival in product packing and davertisement.7.There are many other energy source in store.有很多能源尚未開發。

8.In the high altitude snow and ice remain all year.高海拔處冰雪常年不化。

9.As rubber prevents electricity from passing through it, it is used as insulating material.由于橡膠不導電，所以可以用作絕緣材料。

10.We have found your terms and conditions agreeable.我們對你的章程和條款沒有異議。

否定譯為肯定

1.The study of genetics will never be so all encompassing as to gobble up every subject from medicine to sociology.遺傳學幾乎包含了從藥學到社會學的所有學科。

2.The advantages of nano-structured materials do no end here.納米材料的優點一言難盡。

3.Until recently geneticists were not interested in particular gene.基因學家最近才開始對特定基因感興趣。4.Don’t lose time in posting this letter.請及時送達這封信。

5.No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced.憑票退押金。

6.It was suggested that such devices should be designed and produced without delay.這意味著這個設施需要按時設計和生產。

7.Ice is not as dense as water and it therefore floats.冰的密度比水小，因此能浮在水面上。

8.These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches 100℃ 100℃可以殺滅細菌。

9.Its importance can’t be stressed too strongly.它的重要性怎么強調也不為過。

10.We don’t consider melting to be chemical changes.我們認為熔化不改變化學成分。

11.The doctor do not expect that the patient with breast cancer will recover.醫生認為乳腺癌患者康復機率小。

12.One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood.搬到一個新住處要越小心越好。

物稱與人稱

1.Pork has priced itself out of his dish.豬肉太貴，他吃不起。

2.Space does not allow us to further analyze this problem here.限于篇幅，我們不能在此對這個問題做進一步分析。3.By now optimism had given way to doubt.至此，人們不再盲目樂觀，而是疑惑重重。

4.Aminophylline does not share the usual objection to vasodilators.人們通常反對使用血管擴張劑但并不反對使用氨茶堿。5.The exigency of the case admitted of no alternative.情況緊急，別無選擇。

6.It never occurred to me that she was dishonest.我從來沒想過她不老實。

7.There was a strike participated in by five thousand workers.五千個工人參加了罷工。

8.“There is an increased level of anxiety disproportionate to the actual risk,” says Jerrold Bushberg, who directs programs in health physics at the University of California at Davis.“It’s the dose that makes the poison.It’s not a binary thing.”

人們的焦慮情緒日益強烈，但實際上人們并不需要如此擔憂，只有劑量夠大，才會把人毒死，并不是非此即彼。

9.The resistance can be determined provided that the voltage and current are know.已知電壓和電流可以確定電阻。

10.Some things have been said here tonight that ought not to have been spoken.有人在此講了不該講的話

11.It is said that the rhythm of tides is affected by moon.月亮影響潮汐規律。

12.突然間我想到了一個主意。

Suddenly I got an idea./Suddenly an idea struck me.13.不同的人對食物持不同的態度。

Different people have different attitude towards food./Attitudes toward food vary from person to person.14.人們一致認為植物病毒不會感染動物，反之亦然。

It has always been assumed that plant virus cannot infect animals and vice versa.15.Friday started with a morning visit to the modern campus of the 22000-student University of Michigan in nearby Ann Arbor, where the Chinese table tennis team joined students in the cafeteria inn for lunch and later played an exhibition match.中國乒乓球隊在星期五早上參觀了坐落于安娜堡附近，擁有2200名學生的密歇根大學的現代化校園，并在學校自助餐廳與學生一起進餐，然后進行了一場表演賽。

16.There has been a striking continuous, but unexplained decline in the reported death rate of gastric carcinoma in the United States from 34 per 1,000,000 population in 1930 to 8 per 100,000 currently.據報道，美國的胃癌死亡率一直在明顯地持續下降，從1930年的0.034%到目前的0.008%，但原因不明。17.The journey from embryonated egg to the ligase chain reaction has embraced an enormous amount of work involving tissue cell culture ,enzyme immunoassay, fluorescence ,and molecular techniques.從最早的雞胚（中分離得到衣原體）發展到用連接酶鏈鎖反應（診斷衣原體感染），醫學專家們進行了組織細胞培養、酶免疫測定、熒光反應和分子技術等大量工作。

被動語態

1.Qinghao has been used to treat malaria in China for over 2000 years.在中國使用青蒿治療瘧疾已經有2000多年歷史了。2.There problems must be solved before the tests start.考試開始之前必須解決這些問題。

3.Pain may be treated with drugs, physical measures or surgery.藥物，物理治療，外科手術可以治療疼痛。

4.The patient is questioned by a doctor about his present complaint and the date of the onset of the disease.醫生詢問病人現在的情況以及疾病開始的時間。

5.Several elements and compounds may be extracted directly from seawater.一些元素和化合物可以從海水中直接提取出來。

6.While a current is flowing through a wire, the latter is being heated.電線有電流通過后會發熱。

7.Weak magnetic field are know to come from the human body.已知人體會產生一定的微弱的磁場。

8.Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the missile is to be designed.導彈設計時要特別注意空氣阻力問題。

9.It is claimed that soap powders polluted the water we drink.有人聲稱肥皂粉污染了我們的飲用水源。10.心臟往往被看作是人體最重要的器官。

The heart is often regarded as the most important human organ.11.雄性Wistar大鼠20只隨機分成對照組和糖尿病組。male Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly :control group and diabetes group.12.本文以前沒有發表過，目前也沒有考慮投寄其他雜志發表。

This paper has not been previously published, also not been considered in other journal at present.13.Replication is normally carried out by the A, B, or C family polymerases with high fidelity and high processivity.復制過程通常是由具有高保真性和高持續合成性的聚合酶家族A，B或C實施的。

14.The conflict between the urgent need for new antimicrobial agents against resistance bacteria in clinic and less development of new antibiotics should be resolved by the cooperations among enterprises , government and institutions.企業、政府和科研機構之間的合作將是解決臨床對于治療耐藥菌感染的新型藥物的迫切需求與抗菌藥研發處于低谷之間矛盾的方法。or耐藥菌感染治療急需新型抗菌藥物，而抗菌藥物的研究開發處于相對低谷,由此所產生的矛盾應該由企業、政府與科研機構合作解決。

15.Although an association between migraine and chest pain has been described, an association between migraine and coronary events has not been firmly established.雖然先前已有過關于偏頭痛和胸痛之間關聯的描述，但是偏頭痛和冠心病之間的關聯尚未確立。

漢語無主語句的英譯

1.弄不好，就會前功盡棄。

If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.2.要了解中國，可以有很多視角。

There are different angles to approach China.3.學習先進，才有可能趕超先進。

Only by learning from the advances is it possible for one to catch up with and surpass them.4.與其說海洋把陸地分開，不如說海洋把陸地連在一起。The ocean do not so much divide the world as unite it.5.從他家到公園很近。

It is only a stone’s throw from his house to the park.6.我的家鄉冬天很少下雪。It seldom snows in my hometown.7.可以采用各種方法使溫度下降。

We can take all sorts of measures to bring the temperature down.Various methods can be adopted to keep the temperature down.8.首先要保證產品的質量。

The quality of the products must be guaranteed.9.操縱這些機器時必須小心。

Be careful when operating these machines.10.要著力解決經濟社會發展中的突出矛盾。

Efforts must be made to resolve the prominent conflicts in economic and social development.11.使用電子顯微鏡，能獲得大得多的放大倍數。

Much greater magnification can be obtained when electronic microscope is used.12.該項實驗中肯定困難很多。

There must be many difficulties in the experiment.13.沒有順利，無所謂困難；沒有困難，也無所謂順利。Without facility, there would be no difficulty, and vice versa.14.對母語是英語的人來說，根本不可能4個星期就學會漢語。

It is impossible for native English speakers to master Chinese in just four weeks.15.已經決定幾個月后進行生產。

It has been decided that production should begin in a few months.16.建議采用中國生產的設備。

It is suggested that the equipment made in China be adopted.17.隨信附上我們新開發產品的樣品。

Enclosed are samples of our newly developed products.定語從句

1.Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore.太空和海洋是科學家們努力探索的新領域。

2.Fever is a condition in which the body temperature is higher than normal.發燒是提問高于正常的情況。

3.Essential hypertension is the name given to the type of hypertension for which no cause can be found.原因不明的高血壓成為原發性高血壓。

4.The chemicals that make metabolism possible come from the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the food we eat.使新陳代謝成為可能的化學物質來自我們呼吸的空氣、所飲的水和所吃的食物。

5.The body consists of a large number of organs, each of which has its own particular function to perform.人體由大量器官構成，每種器官都有特殊的功能。

6.Glycogen is stored in the liver, which is released as needed in the form of glucose.糖原儲存于肝，需要時以葡萄糖的形式釋放出。

7.Operation can be performed with acupuncture analgesia, which is a great contribution to the development of medical science.手術可用針刺痛法進行，這對醫學的發展是一大貢獻。

8.The blood flows from the small arteries into the capillaries in which it gives up oxygen to the body cells and removes wastes from the tissues.血流由小動脈流入血管，在毛細血管血液把氧釋放給身體的細胞并從組織中排除廢物。

9.We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly in the night.我們知道由于貓的眼睛比人的眼睛能吸收更多的光線，所以可以在夜間看的清楚。10.The disease, which may occur at any age, is most frequent in early adult life.此病可發生于任何年齡，但以年輕的成年人常見。

11.Cancer should be suspected in persons who have any of these symptoms and signs for unaccountable causes and for an unreasonable period of time.如果病人具有任何這些癥狀和體征，病因又難以說明，而且持續時間長，就應懷疑癌癥。

12.Third world countries export their mineral deposit and tropical agriculture products, which bring them desired foreign exchange.第三世界國家出口礦物和熱帶農作物以換取所需的外匯。13.The purpose for which electricity is used is numerous.電的用途是很多的。

14.Fortunately, there are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless.幸好，有些化學燃料是潔凈無煙的。

英語長句

1.It was believed that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixed on the sound of the heart beat;if this is so, then the discovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frightening new world outside.據說，在母體發育期間，胎兒的注意力可能會集中于心跳的節律；如果是這樣，那么外界相似的聲音可能會對出生后的嬰兒產生鎮靜作用，特別是剛來到這陌生又可怕的新世界的嬰兒。

2.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition , and that informing them risking destroying their hope , so that they may recover more slowly , or deteriorate faster , perhaps even commit suicide.研究表明，大多數醫生深信重病患者并不想知道他們的真實病情，冒著會毀滅他們希望的風險告知他們事實，會使他們恢復得更慢，或者會加速惡化，甚至導致自殺。

3.He had cleared up those confusions which arose from different medicines that had been given a same name and different names that had been given to the same substance.同名不同藥，同藥不同名，由此造成的混淆，他都一一予以澄清。

4.It was to test the effects of mercury on the heart that two new studies compared the mercury levels in clippings from toenails,(where heavy metals tend to be deposited).因為重金屬容易在腳趾甲富集，為了測試汞對心臟的影響，所以兩項新的研究比對了從腳趾甲上剪下的碎片中的汞水平。

5.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? 比如說一個46歲的男子----在與家人外出度假之前進行常規身體檢查---盡管他自己感覺很好，但醫生發現他患有某種癌癥，6個月內會死亡，這時醫生該怎么對他講呢？

6.There is no more difference, but there is the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person ,as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales , and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.科學家的思維活動和普通人的思維活動之間存在著差別。這種差別就跟面包師或賣肉的人與化學家在操作方法上的差別一樣——前者用普通的秤稱商品的重量，后者則用天平和精密的砝碼進行艱難復雜的定量分析。其差別不過如此而已。

7.This hope of “early discovery” of lung cancer followed by surgical cure, which currently seems to be the most effective form of therapy, is often thwarted by diverse biology behaviors in the rate and direction of growth of cancer.肺癌早期發現，隨后進行外科治療，這可能是目前最有效的治療辦法，但這個希望由于肺癌生長速度和方向等生物學特征不相同而破滅。

8.Over the periods the snakes’ saliva, a mild, digestive juice like our own, was converted into a poison that defies analysis even today.在演化的過程中，蛇的唾液——一種溫和、助消化的像人類唾液一樣的液體——變成了甚至在今天也難以分析的毒液。

9.But scientists hope stem cells can be used to grow a range of tissues, from brain tissue to treat diseases such as Parkinson’s, in which brain cells are destroyed, to juvenile diabetes, in which key cells in the pancreas die off.但科學家希望干細胞能用來分化成一系列組織，如從腦組織到胰腺組織，用于治療由于腦細胞被破壞引起的疾病如帕金森病以及由胰腺關鍵細胞死亡引起的青少年糖尿病。