Web前端開發培訓中es5與es6語法知識點總結 時間:2019-05-12 15:20:44 收藏本文下載本文作者:會員上傳 簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關的《Web前端開發培訓中es5與es6語法知識點總結》,但愿對你工作學習有幫助,當然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《Web前端開發培訓中es5與es6語法知識點總結》。 第一篇:Web前端開發培訓中es5與es6語法知識點總結 Web前端開發培訓中es5與es6語法知識點總結(百讀易萊勝)熱點:web前端開發培訓百讀易萊勝官網前端開發易萊勝官網#es6的寫法:1.利用import...form....代替require()方式一:導入一個js模塊并且要接收一個對象require寫法: var calc = require(“ calc.js ”)import寫法: import calc form “calc.js”方式二: 導入一個css文件,不接收對象require寫法: require(“site.css”)import寫法:import “site.css”2.對象的寫法導出一個模塊對象es5的寫法:module.exports = {add:add,substrict:substrict}導出一個模塊對象es6的寫法:module.exports = {add,substrict}注意:這種寫法必須是屬性名和屬性值變量是同一個,否則要分開寫module.exports = {addFn:add,substrict}一個對象中方法的寫法導出一個模塊對象es5的寫法:module.exports = {addFun:function(x,y){return x+ y;}}導出一個模塊對象es6的寫法:module.exports = {addFun(x,y){return x+ y;}} 導出對象的寫法 function add(){} function substrict(){} 方法一es5導出寫法:module.exports.add = add;module.exports.substrict = substrict;導入寫法:var calc = require(“./calc.js”);es6導出寫法:export function add(){} export function substrict(){} 方法二es5導出寫法:module.exports = { add:add, substrict:substrict} es6導出寫法: export default{add,substrict }es6導入寫法//表示取得calc.js中所有顯示出來的對象 import calc from “./calc.js”//只獲取到calc.js中的add方法(按需獲?。﹊mport {add} from ”./calc.js"第二篇:web前端開發知識點總結HTML知識總結span行級元素,多個同行塊級元素,獨占一行塊級元素,前后保留一行標題標簽,h1~h6表6個等級,加粗,前后保留一行width:設置寬度height:設置高度alt:圖片加載失敗顯示的文本div文本類ph圖片標簽imgcolor:顏色水平線常用標簽hrsize:高度(粗細)width:寬度(長度)herf:超鏈接轉到的地址超鏈接atarget_self:默認值,在當前頁面打開_blank:在新窗口打開帶標題的框fieldsetlegend設置標題disc:實心圓無序列表列表標簽有序列表ulsquare:小方塊olcircle:空心圓tr表示行th表示標題單元格,居中、加粗td表格標簽caption表示一個單元格表示標題,定義在第一行,居中rowspan設置單元格占的行數colspan設置單元格占的列數action表單提交地址get:顯示提交參數,將參數用?和&拼接到url上帶到服務器端methodpost:隱式提交參數optgroup 表示分組,分組不能選,只能選分組中的option下拉菜單selected默認選中multiple 設置下拉菜單為多選模式表單項rows: 顯示文本的行數(高度)文本域cols: 顯示文本的列數(寬度)name:參數名size:顯示字符長度(控制文本框長度)maxlength:最大可輸入字符數input文本框type=“text”placeholder:提示內容disabled:不會被提交到服務器readonly:只讀(會被提交到服務器)value:默認值密碼框type=“password”單選按鈕type=“radio”復選框type=“checkbox”文件選擇框type=“file”按鈕type=“button”提交type=“submit”checked:默認選中input按鈕重置type=“reset”noresize:不能改變框架大小frame:表示框架scolling:是否顯示滾動條(yes、no、auto)設置框架集在縱向上的拆分策略設置框架集在橫向上的拆分策略rowscolsborder框架集框架邊框的寬度borderColor框架邊框顏色frameBorder設置框架是否有邊框(yes|no)_blank:新窗口中打開_self:在當前窗口打開框架集中的超鏈接打開方式target_parent:父窗口中打開_top在最頂層窗口中打開frameName:在對應name框架打開ifame在頁面中嵌入框架dl、dt、dd其他標簽數碼 手機 marquee:滾動標簽shape=“circle”coords=“309,257,20”target=“_blank”href=“http://5新標簽number:數字輸入date picker:日期選擇datalist:自動提示sichuanchongqingguangzhoushanghaibeijingtianjinvideo:動畫媒體radio:音頻autocomplete:是否關閉自動提示(off |on)html5新標簽autofocus: 自動獲得焦點required: 表示控件必須輸入內容controls : 播放控制條autoplay :自動播放loop :循環播放preload :預加載,如果設置了autoplay,就可以不用設置preloadCSS知識點總結內聯:直接在標簽的style屬性上編寫樣式樣式定義方式樣式塊:在style標簽中編寫樣式塊,并通過一定規則(選擇器)應用到對應的那些標簽上(通常寫在head中)外部樣式文件:將樣式塊編寫在外部的css文件中(不用寫style標簽)* 在需要使用樣式的頁面通過link標簽引入樣式文件(通常寫在head中)id選擇器#xxx 針對id為xxx的標簽類選擇器.xxx 針對class屬性為xxx的標簽標簽選擇xxx 針對標簽名為xxx的標簽*選擇器選擇所有元素選擇器后代元素關系選擇selector1 selector2 {...} 針對selector1下的所有的selector2子元素關系選擇selector1 > selector2 {...} 只針對selector1的selector2子元素(如果有后代selector2元素則不會應用)緊鄰兄弟關系選擇selector1 + selector2 {...} 只針對緊接在selector1后的selector2元素所有隨后的兄弟關系selector1 ~ selector2 {...} 針對selector1后的所有的selector2兄弟元素color:字體顏色font-size:字體大小font-family:字體樣式字體font-weight: bolder(加粗)| normal(不加粗)font-style: 設置字體傾斜(normal | italic | oblique)*italic和oblique實際顯示效果幾乎一致font-variant: 設置字體顯示為小型大寫字母text-align: 水平對齊方式(left | center | right)常用屬性vertical-align: 垂直對齊方式(top | middle |bottom)line-height: 設置行高(通常用于設置文本居中)white-space: nowrap 不換行, pre 當做pre標簽border: 邊框(1px solidred)文本width: 寬度underline 下劃線height: 高度overline 上劃線text-decoration: 文本裝飾line-through 貫穿線(刪除線)blink 閃爍none 無dtext-shadow: 3px 3px 5px red;第一個參數: 陰影水平位置(x軸上的偏移量)text-shadow: 文本陰影第二個參數: 陰影垂直位置(y軸上的偏移量)第三個參數: 模糊程度第四個參數: 陰影顏色padding:內邊距padding: xxpx;padding: xxpx xxpx;padding: xxpx xxpx xxpx;padding: xxpx xxpx xxpx xxpx;padding: auto;padding: xxpx auto;padding-toppadding-leftpadding-rightpadding-bottom盒子模型margin:外邊距margin: xxpx;margin: xxpx xxpx;margin: xxpx xxpx xxpx;margin: xxpx xxpx xxpx xxpx;margin: auto;margin: xxpx auto;margin-topmargin-leftmargin-rightmargin-bottomborder:邊框color:顏色;width:寬度;style:outset|inset|solid|double|dottedborder-radius: 10px;/* 同時設置4個角*/background-color: 背景顏色background-image: 背景圖片background-repeat: no-repeat | repeat-x |repeat-y | repeat背景background-position: xxxpx xxpx | xx%xx%;(可以為負數)background-size: xxxpx xxpx | xx% xx% |cover | contain;(不能為負數)cover: 拉伸,可以超出contain: 拉伸不能超出background-attachment: scroll(隨著內容一起滾動)| fixed(不滾動)hidden:隱藏scroll:滾動overflow:當內容溢出時的處理方式visible:直接顯示auto:如果溢出就滾動,否則不顯示滾動條visible 顯示visibility:設置元素是否顯示hidden 隱藏,保留占位none:隱藏,不保留占位block:設置為塊級元素display:設置元素是否顯示inline:設置為行級元素布局inline-block:設置為行內塊元素left 左浮動float: 浮動right 右浮動none 不浮動left 不允許左邊有浮動clear: 清除浮動right 不允許右邊有浮動both 不允許兩邊有浮動ul或ol 自帶樣式:列表樣式list-style-type: 列表項的樣式margin: 16px 0px;padding: 0px 0px 0px40px;absolute:如果有父元素被定位按照父元素的原點進行定位,否則按照瀏覽器原點進行定位position定位z-index: 設置z軸的值,越大越在最前relative:相對定位參照元素本身的位置fixed:固定位置,不會滾動link 超鏈接默認樣式hover 鼠標懸停樣式active 鼠標點擊樣式visited 訪問之后的樣式(主要控制顏色)偽類focus 獲得輸入焦點的樣式first-child 第一個元素last-child 最后一個元素:not 不包含指定的選擇器:noly-child 是父元素的唯一子元素cursor 鼠標樣式其他樣式box-shadow 陰影translate:平移rotate:旋轉transform:變換scale:縮放skew:扭曲matrix:以變換矩陣變換第一個值表示需要過渡的樣式屬性transition 過渡transition:transform2s,background-color.5s;第二個值表示整個過渡過程需要的時間第三個值表示過渡時的貝塞爾曲線第四個值表示延遲多久才開始過渡animation 動畫@keyfarmes 關鍵幀用于定義動畫的細節(每一幀如何顯示)@keyframes myanimation {0% { background-color: #cfc;}30% {background-color: #ccf;border-radius: 50px;}80% {width: 300px;background-color: #fcc;}100% {width: 300px;height: 300px;background-color: #000;}}@-o-keyframes myanimation {}@-ms-keyframes myanimation {}@-moz-keyframes myanimation {}@-webkit-keyframes myanimation {}需要顯示動畫的地方通過animation屬性來使用聲明的關鍵幀.ac:active {animation: myanimation 5s;-o-animation: myanimation 5s;-ms-animation: myanimation 5s;-moz-animation: myanimation 5s;-webkit-animation: myanimation 5s;}opacity透明度從0.0 ~ 1.0 0.0完全透明,1.0 完全不透明瀏覽器兼容前綴-webkit-chrome,safari, opera-o-opera-moz-firefox-ms-ie(ie9以上)JavaScriptjavascript代碼必須包含在標簽中也可以書寫到外部的.js文件中,通過來引入script標簽只能同時做一件事情.如果既有src屬性也包含代碼則只會執行外部文件的代碼通過alert來彈出提示框通過document.write來輸入文本到頁面上(可以輸入標簽)Number: 數值型整數和小數Boolean: 布爾型(true |false)String: 字符串字符串必須被”“或''包含必須對稱如果字符串中包含引號可以單引號中包含雙引號或者是雙引號中包含單引號也可以使用'來表示一個單引號”來表示一個雙引號n 表示換行數據類型t 表示制表符表示書寫方式NaN: Not A Number 當使用非數字來進行運算時的值undefied: 未定義null: 空值substring 截取子串, 從start到end-1處,如果沒指定end則取到最后一個字符toUpperCase 將所有字符變成大寫toLowerCase 將所有字符變成小寫indexOf 查找子串首次出現的位置, 如果找不到則返回-1字符串處理lastIndexOf 查找子串最后一次出現的位置, 如果找不到則返回-1charAt 取指定位置上的字符slice 也是取子串,效果和substring一樣可以用-1,-2,-3...從末尾開始計數split 將字符串按照指定的字符進行拆分成為數組獲取當前時間var now = new Date()獲取指定時間的日期對象var date = new Date(yyyy,MM,dd,HH,mm,ss)設置指定時間(將時間對象設置為一個指定時間)now.setFullYear(yyyy,MM,dd,HH,mm,ss)now.setMonth日期Datenow.setDatenow.setHours...獲取指定時間信息now.getFullYear()// 年只能取出年份,如: 2015now.getMonth // 月0-11月now.getDate // 日now.getDay // 星期0-6(0表示星期天)now.getHours // 時24小時制now.getMinutes // 分now.getSeconds // 秒now.getMilliseconds// 毫秒通過new Array()來創建數組var names = new Array();var names = new Array(“小王”, “大王”, “炸彈”);// 創建時給數組設置默認值//用json格式表示數組var names = [];var names = [“小王”, “大王”, “炸彈”];數組Array可以通過length來設置或獲取數組的長度push : 往數組末尾添加元素pop: 刪除并返回數組的最后一個元素unshift: 往數組的開頭添加元素shift: 刪除并返回數組的第一個元素reverse: 顛倒數組順序sort: 按“字符串”的自然排序規則進行升序splice: 刪除指定位置處的指定個數元素并將第三個參數之后的參數添加到被刪除位置(設置第二個參數為0則實現只添加不刪除, 之傳入兩個參數實現只刪除不添加)slice: 獲取start到end處的子數組join: 將數組元素以指定分隔符進行連接成為字符串function xxx(....){聲明函數....}var xxx = function(...){...函數變量}var ooo = xxx;ooo();函數function fn(fx){fx();將函數作為參數}fn(function(){...});(function(...){立即執行函數....})(...);getElementById 根據id獲取唯一的元素var xx = document.getElementById(“xx”);DOM(Document Object Model)文檔對象模型獲取元素getElementsByTagName 根據標簽名獲取元素數組onclick 鼠標點擊事件getElementsByClassName 根據類獲取元素數組(如果元素被改變了class值將會從數組中刪除)onmouseover 鼠標進入事件onmouseout 鼠標離開事件onmousemove 鼠標被移動onmousedown 鼠標按鈕被按下事件機制onmouseup 鼠標按鈕被松開onkeydown 某個鍵盤按鍵被按下onkeyup某個鍵盤按鍵被松開onload 一張頁面或圖像被完成加載onchange 域的內容被改變onfocus 元素獲得焦點onblur 元素失去焦點setTimeout: 延遲執行(只會執行一次)var xx = setTimeout(xxx, 1000);setTimeout(“fn();”, 3000);BOM(Browser Object Model)window清除使用clearTimeout(xx);setInterval: 定時執行(間隔指定時間循環執行)xx.offsetLeft獲取元素的位置和尺寸(只讀)xx.offsetTopxx.offsetWidthxx.offsetHeightvar xx = setInterval(xxx,1000);清除使用clearInterval(xx);[] 表示[]中的字符任意取一個在[] 中的^ 表示非不包含該字符()表示將多個表達式合并為一個表達式在()中的|表示將兩個匹配條件進行邏輯“或”(Or)運算。+ 前一個表達式出現至少一次1~n {1,}* 前一個表達式出現任意次0~n {0,}? 前一個表達式出現0~1次{0,1}{n} 前一個表達式出現n次{n,} 前一個表達式出現至少n次{n,m} 前一個表達式出現n~m次.任意字符(不包含rn)正則表達式^ 匹配字符串的開頭$ 匹配字符串的結尾w 表示一個任意的單詞字符包括_ [a-zA-Z0-9_] * 不包含破折號W 對w取反(不包含單詞字符)[^a-zA-Z0-9_]d 表示一個數字字符[0-9]D 對d取反[^0-9]s 表示一個任意空白字符空格中文狀態的空格制表符全角空格S 對s取反非空格n 換行符b 單詞邊界B 不是單詞邊界(對b取反)eval執行字符串形式的代碼。for(var i in array){var item = array[i];}for(var key in obj){var value = obj[key];}迭代數組迭代出的值為數組的下標for...in迭代對象迭代出的值為對象的屬性名其他with設置以某個對象為代碼塊作用域對象delete attribute刪除屬性isNaN如果被判斷值不是一個數字則返回true,否則為false第三篇:前端開發中一些常用技巧總結前端開發中一些常用技巧總結自己前端開發中常用到的一些技巧及問題解決方法,會常更新,希望對前端路上的朋友有幫助.1.文章標題列表中日期居右顯示的兩種方法,方法A相對方法B省資源,但比方法B要多寫兩句代碼,使用時請視情況而定: 方法A(經典論壇ariesjia提供的思路.感謝~): @Mr.Think這是文章標題2010-10-10 然后定義p和span的樣式: p{position:relative}p span{position:absolute;right:0} 方法B: 2010-10-10@Mr.Think這是文章標題 然后定義span右浮動: p span{float:right}其實這兩種方法可以延伸到很多情況下,很實用的一種寫法;2.web標準中,同一頁面中只能有一個h1標簽.很多人知道這個概念,但做到的卻很少;3.空白外邊距互相疊加的問題:一般通過添加透明邊框或者1px的內邊距避免.詳細解讀:http://mrthink.net/css-margin-overlying-way/;4.ie6下max/min-width/height實現,_width: expression(this.width >600 ? “600px” : true);,height同理.5.html/class/id,最好統一以小寫書寫,這樣更嚴謹(符合xhtml標準);6.不推薦用下面代碼兼容IE8: 如果是非短期性頁面,盡量避免使用,頁面應盡可能保證向后兼容.更多兼容方法請詳細閱讀: http://mrthink.net/cssandhtml-hack-mainbrower/7.空div在IE(FF中沒有)是有默認高度的,可以用定義:div { witdh:100%;background:#9c0;font-size:0}的方式去掉默認高度;8.在使用table標簽時應該盡可能的利用它本身的屬性,最大限度的分離結構與樣式.詳細解讀:http://mrthink.net/csshtml-colgroup-col-style/;9.充分利用表單中label標簽提升用戶體驗;這一點對于頁面中那些小的選項框,以及對殘障人士閱讀網站都有好處.細節是用戶體驗的第一步;10.fieldset, legend標簽, 鮮為人知,卻很實用的一組標簽;它可以很明了的把一組元素框起來,主要用于表單;11.optgroup標簽,鮮為人知,它對提升選擇表單用戶體驗很有幫助.作用? 就是可以在有很多選項時,對這些選項分組: one select two select three select four select 效果演示:12.表單都要加name值,name值是一個標示,不同于id,據我所發現,若是未定義name值,非IE瀏覽器下是無法通過document.formid獲取到表單元素的.請看如下代碼及注釋: ......第四篇:英語知識點與語法總結英語知識點與語法總結 必修1 核心單詞 1.add vt.& vi.增加;加;加起來;補充說; 又說 常用結構:add to增添;增加;增進add...to...把……增添到…… add up合計,相加add up to總數為;總計為He added some wood to increase the fire.他添了一些木柴,使火更旺些。If you add 4 to 3 you get 7.四加三得七。Unit 1 Friendship Page No.11 Page No.12 ①解析:選C??疾閯釉~辨析。句意為:我要說的就是這些,約翰你還有什么要補充的嗎? ②解析:選D。add to的意思是―添加到‖。2.upset adj.心煩意亂的;不安的;不適的vt.(upset, upset)使不安;使心煩;打翻;打亂 聯想拓展be upset by...被…… 打亂upset oneself about sth.為某事煩惱Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.她一來把我們周末的安排給打亂了。Don‘t upset yourself — no harm has been done.不要難過——并沒有造成任何傷害。He was horribly upset over her illness.他為她的病而憂心忡忡。The students really upset her.學生們著實讓她煩惱。高手過招用upset的適當形式填空(原創)①The foodmy stomach.②She felt ratheron hearing the news.③Is it anmessage? ④Don‘t be.It will be OK.①upset ②upset ③upsetting ④upset 3.ignore vt.不理睬;忽視I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼,可是她根本不理我。He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.他不顧時速限制,把車開得飛快。聯想拓展ignorant adj.(對某事物)不了解的;無知的;無學識的 be ignorant of/about sth.不知道;沒有意識到 ignorance n.無知;愚昧;不知道be in ignorance of/about sth.不知道某事易混辨析ignore/neglect/overlook ignore 通常指有意不顧,或不理會顯而易見的事物。neglect 側重指有意的忽略或忽視,也可指粗心與疏忽。overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或視而不見。高手過招(1)用ignore/neglect/overlook的適當形式填空(原創)①We could not afford tosuch a serious offence.②He utterlymy warnings and met with an accident.③Don‘tto pay him a visit now and then.(1)①overlook ②ignored ③neglect(2)單項填空—So you didn‘t say hello to him last night?—Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but heme and walked on.模)A.IgnoredB.refusedC.deniedD.missed Page No.15(2)解析:選A。答句句意為:我看到他就停下來沖他微笑,但是 他沒理我就走了。ignore不理睬,忽視;refuse拒絕;deny否認,拒絕給予;miss懷念,錯過。4.concern n.[U]關心,擔心,擔憂;[C]有利害關系的事vt.涉及,關系到,參與;使擔心 聯想拓展concerningprep.關于concernedadj.有關的;擔心的 concern sb.與某人有關be concerned with sth.牽涉,與……有關;參與 concern oneself with 關心be concerned about/for/over sth.擔心;關心某事as/so far as...be concerned關于;至于;就……而言 As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want.就我而言,你什么時候走都行。We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.我們讀了關于天外來客的故事。I was very concerned about my mother‘s illness.我很擔心母親的病情。2010·杭州一(高手過招(1)單項填空The meeting was concernedreforms and everyone present was concernedtheir own interests.(2010·福建廈門雙十中學檢測)A.with;for B.for;which C.for;aboutD.about;with(2)用concern的適當形式填空(原創)①There is an article thatthe rise of the prices.②The children are ratherabout their mother‘s health.③Officials shouldthemselvespublic affairs.(1)解析:選A。句意為:這次會議牽涉到改革,在場的每個人都很擔心自己的利益。be concerned with 牽涉到,和……有關;be concerned for/about擔心;關心。(2)①concerns ②concerned ③concern;with 5.settle vi.安家;定居;停留 vt.使定居;安排;解決Both wanted to settle their scores.雙方都愿意盡棄前嫌。常用結構:settle down 鎮定下來 settle in 在……定居He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.他把孩子安頓在車廂的一個角落里。The family has settled in Canada.這家人已定居加拿大。Page No.18 高手過招 單項填空 ①—Do you know anyone in Paris? —No.I‘ll make friends once.(2010·福建廈門六中檢測)A.I‘m settledB.I have settled C.I‘ll be settledD.I‘m settling ②The brake of your bicycle has come loose.You‘d better it.(2010·陜西西安交大附中)A.settleB.fix C.pickD.correct ①解析:選A。settle作―安家‖講時,既可用settle,也可用be settled。本題是由once(一旦)引起的時間狀語從句,故用一般現在時表將來。②解析:選B。由句意可知,因為自行車的車閘壞了,因此要―修理‖。Page No.19 6.suffer vt.遭受;忍受;蒙受vi.后接from/for意為―受……之苦‖,―患……疾病‖ 常用結構:suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains 遭受打擊/失敗/損失/痛苦 He suffered hard pains from the accident.他忍受著事故帶來的痛苦。Do you suffer from headaches? 你經常頭痛嗎?She‘s suffering from loss of memory.她患有遺忘癥。聯想拓展sufferer n.受苦者,受難者 suffering n.痛苦,苦難Page No.20 高手過招(1)單項填空In the countryside there are many dropouts(輟學者).I think the poor economic conditions.(2010·浙江嘉興一輪檢測)A.lies inB.result in C.leads toD.suffers from(2)翻譯句子我們在金融危機中損失慘重。(1)解析:選A??疾槎陶Z辨析。lie in在這里相當于because of。(2)We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.Page No.21 重點短語 7.go through 經歷;經受;檢查;瀏覽;用完;做完 The country has gone through too many wars.這個國家經歷了太多的戰爭。She‘s gone through a bad patch recently.她最近經歷了一段困難時期。Have you gone through all your money already? 你把所有的錢都花完了嗎?I went through the students‘ papers last night.昨晚我仔細閱讀了學生的試卷。聯想拓展go after追求;追趕go ahead 前進;請說(做)吧 go by走過;(時間)過去 go along with向前;(與......)一起去 go in for愛好;從事 Page No.22 go out 外出;(燈,火)熄滅 go over 越過;復習go through with 做完;完成go up 爬上;(價格等)上升 高手過招 單項填空 ①We‘d better try towith the experiment, I think.Now let‘sthe difficultywith it.(2010·河南許昌一模)A.go through;go onB.go on;go over C.go over;go throughD.go on;go through ②If a person has taken too much medicine by mistake, you should make the person.(2010·平頂山一中月考)A.go upB.rise up C.throw upD.set up Page No.23 ①解析:選A。go through with sth.意思是―做完,完成‖;go on with 意思是―繼續‖。②解析:選C。throw up的意思是―嘔吐;吐出‖。8.get sth.done 讓別人做某事/使得某事被做done是過去分詞作賓語補足語,與have sth.done句型的用法一樣。get sb./sth.doing使某人/某事物……起來 get sb.to do sth.使/讓某人做某事get done(狀態的改變)get作系動詞,相當于be get away逃脫;離開 get back回來;取回 get by維持生活;通過get down to sth./doing sth.開始認真做某事 get in進站;到達;收集 get off下來;下車get on上車;進展;進步 Page No.24 get cross(對……)生氣,發脾氣 get in one‘s way擋路,妨礙 get used to doing sth.習慣做某事 get involved in涉及get in touch with和……取得聯系 get it了解,懂得,明白 高手過招(1)單項填空The final examination is coming up soon.It‘s time for us toour studies.焦作一中月考)A.get down toB.get out C.get back forD.get over(2)完成句子(原創)①講解后,老師讓我們思考起問題來。Shortly after the explanation the teacher got us.Page No.25 ②我們將很快為你訂制一套新衣服。We will get a new suitfor you.③她試圖使他說話。She tried to get him.2010·河南((1)解析:選A。該題根據交際情景考查短語動詞的用法。根據題意,此處指開始認真學習,故選A。get down to開始認真考慮,符合題意。get out出去,離開,逃脫,泄露;get back for回來,恢復;get over爬過;克服,熬過;恢復,原諒。故B、C、D三項均不符合題意。(2)①thinking ②made ③to talk 9.set down 放下;記下;登記Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式車站方可上下車。Page No.26 聯想拓展set about(doing sth.)著手(做某事)set out(to do sth.)開始,著手(做某事)set aside留出;不顧set back(把鐘等)往回撥;推遲 set free釋放;解放set off動身,出發(去某地);使爆炸 set out動身,出發;安排,組織 set up開辦;建立;設立 set an example to樹立榜樣set fire to...= set...on fire縱火燒 be set in以……為背景The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.由于天氣惡劣,建筑計劃延誤了好幾個星期。We need to set about finding a solution.我們得著手尋找一個解決辦法。Page No.27 溫馨提示set about 和set out都可作―開始/著手做某事‖講,但set about 后加doing sth.,加 to do sth.。高手過招 單項填空As soon as he got to the office, he the students‘ papers.(2010·山東濟南一中月考)A.got down to correct B.got down to correcting C.set down to correcting D.sit down to correcting解析:選B。get down to意思是―著手做某事‖,其中to是介詞,后跟名詞或動名詞。Page No.28 10.on purpose 故意The boy broke Jack‘s window on purpose.He wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的,他想嚇一下杰克。而set out后 聯想拓展purpose n.目的,用途;目標;重要意義 for the purpose of 為了……to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒勞The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.這本書的目的是全面介紹這所大學。高手過招用purpose的適當形式或短語填空(原創)①He didn‘t do it.②What was your? ①on purpose ②purpose Page No.29 11.join in 參加;加入They didn‘t have enough time to join in the activity.他們沒有足夠的時間來參加這個活動。聯想拓展join sb.in sth.與某人一起做某事 join up入伍;參軍join up with sb.與某人聯合;會合join hands with sb.與某人拉起手來;合伙;聯合Will you join me in a walk? 你愿意和我一起散步嗎? Let us join hands in friendship.讓我們攜手共建友誼吧。Page No.30 易混辨析join in/join/take part in/attend join in 參加正在進行著的活動。如游戲、討論、辯論、談話等。join ①參加某組織或團體,并成為其中一員;②來和某人待在一起。take part in 參加會議或有組織的群眾性活動,并在其中發揮一定的作用。attend 正式用語,指參加會議、儀式、婚禮、葬禮、上課、上學、聽報告等,句子的主語是去聽去看,自己不一定起積極作用,相當于be present。高手過招用join/join in/take part in/attend的適當形式填空(原創)①I decided tothe club to have dance training.②Would you like meto the game? ③Ia meeting last month.④I will have tohis funeral next week.①join ②join in ③took part in/attended ④attend Page No.31 重點句型12....but your friend can‘t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.……但是你的朋友不把自行車弄干凈不能走。not...until 意為―直到……才‖,表示主句謂語的動作直到until狀語的時間才發生,主句的謂語動詞表示的是動作的開始。until引導從句時,如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續性動作,則主句用肯定式;如果主句中的謂語動詞是短暫性動詞,則用否定形式。―It is/was not until+被強調的部分+that...‖相當于―Not until...did(does, do, is...)+主語...‖意為―直到……才‖,是強調形式。You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal.體溫正常后,你才能起床。He didn‘t leave until the meeting was over.直到會議結束他才離開。Page No.32 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.=Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star.=I didn‘t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.直到她摘下墨鏡我才認出她是一位電影明星。高手過招 單項填空 ①Not until,settle the problem.(2010·濰坊一輪驗收)A.he returns;can weB.he returns;we canC.does he returns;we canD.does he return;we can ②It wasback home after the experiment.A.not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didn‘t go C.not until midnight that he went D.until midnight when he didn‘t go Page No.33 ①解析:選A。當not until位于句首時句子需倒裝。句意為:直到他回來我們才能解決這個問題。②解析:選C。強調句型It is/was...that對not until...進行強調時,需把not until...放到強調結構中,故選C。13.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.遛狗的時候,你太大意了,一松手,狗就被車撞了。while walking the dog是連詞while加現在分詞短語結構,強調分詞的動作正在發生,相當于while you were walking the dog。在時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句中,如果從句的主語與主句的主語一致,謂語含有系動詞be,可以省略從句的主語和系動詞be。When crossing the street, you should be careful.過馬路時,你應當小心。If heated, water can be turned into vapour.如果受熱,水會變成蒸氣。Page No.34 溫馨提示在狀語從句中,如果從句的主語為it時,也可以將it和助動詞be省略。Whenever possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的話,他們就讓他停下問他這三個問題。高手過招 單項填空 ①with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(2010·山東萊州檢測)A.ComparesB.When comparing C.ComparingD.When compared ②the two systems, little man found the latter advantageous.(原創)A.CompareB.When compared C.ComparedD.When comparing Page No.35 ①解析:選D??疾闋钫Z從句的省略用法。在狀語從句中,如果從句的主語與主句的主語相同或者主語為it時,可以將從句中的主語或者it和助動詞be省略。本句是將狀語從句―When it is compared with the size of the whole earth‖中的it is省略,因此正確答案為D。②解析:選D??键c省略。在狀語從句中,當從句中的主語與主句的主語一致,且從句中含有be動詞時,通常采用省略形式。句中的little man與compare之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系,故選D。14.I wonder if it‘s because I haven‘t been able to be outdoors for so long that I‘ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故,我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂熱。此句中的it‘s...that是強調句型。關于強調句型,我們需要掌握以下幾點: Page No.36(1)強調句型的基本結構:―It is/was+被強調的成分+that/who+其他成分‖用來強調主語、賓語和狀語等成分。that只起連接作用,不作成分,但不能省略。當被強調部分為sb.作賓語時,可用who,也可用that,其他情況一律用that。強調主語時,that后的謂語動詞必須與被強調的主語在人稱與數上保持一致。(2)特殊句式中的強調句型: ①如果強調的是特殊疑問句中的疑問詞,表示―到底‖、―究竟‖等語氣時,就用如下結構: ―特殊疑問詞+is/was+it+that/who+該句的其余部分‖,that/who后只能使用陳述語序。②在―not...until‖結構中,由until所引導的短語(或從句)作時間狀語時,要用固定的強調句型:―It+is/was+not until...+that+該句的其余部分‖,that所引導的從句中的謂語動詞用肯定式。Page No.37(3)強調句型要注意和it代表時間、距離、溫度、自然現象、具體事物或人物等時所構成的各種句型的區別。判斷是否是強調句,可采用―還原法‖。如果還原為一般句式后,句子各種成分完整,則是強調句,否則不是。It was three o‘clock when I got home.我到家的時候三點。It was at three o‘clock that I got home.三點鐘我到的家。It was in his town that he was brought up.他是在鎮上被養大的。(強調句)It was this town where/in which he was brought up.這是他被撫養長大的城鎮。(定語從句)(4)英語中常用助動詞do, does或did強調謂語。He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didn‘t find you.他昨天確實去了機場,但他沒有找到你。Page No.38 It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我跟瑪麗一塊兒去度假。When is it that we will have a meeting? 我們什么時候開會? 高手過招 單項填空It is in that poor village,Mary lived and worked 15 years ago,she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.(原創)A.where;whenB.that;that C.that;whenD.where;that 解析:選D。句意為:就是在那個她生活和工作了15年的貧窮的村莊,瑪麗將要建起她的第一座學校,這一點鼓舞了人們來幫她。第一空為where引導的非限制性定語從句,第二空填that,構成強調句型,強調地點狀語。Page No.39 15.I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do...我不愿像大多數人那樣在日記中記流水賬……as引導的從句為比較狀語從句,意為―像大多數人那么做‖。as 用作連詞,可引導下列狀語從句: ①引導時間狀語從句,強調主句謂語與從句謂語的同時性; ②引導讓步狀語從句,表示―盡管,雖然,即使‖(從句需倒裝); ③引導方式狀語從句,表示―以……方式‖; ④引導原因狀語從句(=since;because),意為―由于,因為‖; ⑤引導比較狀語從句。As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.隨著他年紀越來越大,他失去了對所有事物的興趣,除了園藝。Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt.盡管天氣冷,我哥哥只穿了一件襯衫。Page No.40 Why didn't you take the medicine as I told you to? 為什么你沒有按我說的來服這種藥? As you were not there, I left a message.因為當時你不在那,所以我給你留了便條。She is as tall as you.她和你一樣高。高手過招 單項填空 ①as he is, he speaks English well.(2010·山西太原一中月考)A.Little childB.A little child C.The little childD.Child little ②In some countries,are called ―public schools‖ are not owned by the public.(2010·11·江西新余一中質量檢測)A.whichB.asC.whatD.that Page No.41 ①解析:選B。在讓步狀語從句中,作表語的名詞如果提前,該名詞常省去冠詞,但若名詞前有修飾語時,就不省略冠詞。②解析:選C??疾閣hat引導的主語從句。what在主語從句中作主語。句意為:在許多國家,所謂的公立學校并非公眾擁有。16....it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...……這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚……如果前面是―it(will be)is/this(will be)is/that(will be)is+the first/second time that...‖句式,表示―某人第幾次做某事‖。其中,that引導的是定語從句,后面句子的時態用現在完成時;如果前面是it(would be)was..., 后面則用過去完成時。It is the first time that I have come to Zhuhai.這是我第一次來珠海。It was the second time that she had visited London.那是她第二次游覽倫敦。Page No.42 溫馨提示如果time前有last修飾,此時我們一般不用完成時態。注意:the first time可起從屬連詞的作用,引導時間狀語從句;for the first time意為―第一次‖單獨用作狀語。This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.這是我最后一次給你們上課了。高手過招(1)單項填空 ①It's the third timelate this week.(原創)A.that you areB.you are C.when you arrivedD.that you have been ②It was for the first time that heto the party.A.InvitedB.had been invited C.has been invitedD.was invited(2)翻譯句子(原創)This will be the second time that I have been to the Great Wall.Page No.43(1)①解析:選D。―It is the +序數詞+time+ that從句‖為固定句型,從句謂語動詞必須用現在完成時。②解析:選D。it was...that是強調結構,句中強調狀語―for the first time‖故選D。(2)這將會是我第二次去長城。Page No.44 Unit 2 English around the world 核心單詞 1.command n.& vt.命令;指令;掌握The officer commanded his soldiers to fire.那名軍官命令士兵們開火。A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.將軍是統率眾多士兵的人。常用結構:at/ by sb‘s command 聽某人支配 take command of控制 in command of指揮著 Page No.45 under one‘s command 由某人的指揮under the command of sb.在某人的指揮下command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事command(=order)that...命令……(從句用虛擬語氣,即should+ do 形式,should可省略)聯想拓展commander n.指揮官高手過招用適當的介詞填空(原創)①For the first time in years, she felt she wascommand of her life.②The army isthe king‘s direct command.③The police arrived and took commandthe situation.①in ②under/at/by ③of Page No.46 2.request vt.&n.請求;懇求;要求 常用結構:request sb.to do sth.請求某人做某事 request sth.from/of sb.向某人要求某物request that sb.(should)do sth.要求某人做某事 make a request/requests 發出請求at the request of sb.=at sb.‘s request依照某人的請求 易混辨析request/demand/require request表示―有禮貌的請求;正式的請求‖。demand表示―有正當權利的要求‖,因此含有―堅決或強烈要求‖的意思。require表示―要求所必須的東西;法律、協定、規章以及其他客觀情況的要求‖。但它們也有不同之處: Page No.47 ①require和request都可以接賓語+to do sth.結構,而demand沒有此種用法。但可以說demand of sb.to do sth.②require+動名詞時,主動形式的動名詞具有被動意義,而demand,request無此種用法。They are demanding higher wages.他們要求提高工資。Do you require anything else? 你還要求(需要)別的嗎?Many people have requested this next song.許多人要求聽下面這首歌。They required me to keep silent.他們要求我保持沉默。The letter requested us to leave the house within six weeks.這封信要求我們六周內搬出這所房子。溫馨提示以上三個詞的共同點是:從語法上看,request和demand,require都可以接that引導的賓語從句,并且在從句中要使用虛擬語氣。Page No.48 高手過招 單項填空 ①One of the requirements for a fire is that the materialto its burning temperature.(2010·陜西師大附中月考)A.be heatedB.is heated C.would be heatedD.do heat ②—Why were you late for such an important concert? —The plane arrived at the airport after aof three hours.(2010·陜西商洛一輪檢測)A.delayB.restC.tourD.request ①解析:選A。如同require, demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request等動詞要求其后面的賓語從句使用虛擬語氣一樣,它們所對應的名詞的同位語從句和表語從句也要求使用虛擬語氣,即:should+動詞原形。故選A。②解析:選A。上句詢問―遲到的原因‖,因此下句中的名詞應是與―遲到‖意義有關的名詞,所以只能選擇―延誤‖。Page No.49 3.recognize vt.辨認出;承認;公認 常用結構:recognize sb.認出某人recognize one‘s voice聽出某人的聲音 recognize...as...認定;承認……為……recognize sb./sth....to be...認為某人/某事物是…… recognize that...承認……When he walked out of the station, I recognized him immediately.當他從車站里走出來時,我立刻認出了他。Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir.大家都承認他為合法繼承人。Page No.50 高手過招 單項填空—Oh, it‘s you!Iyou.—I have just had my hair cut, and I‘m wearing new glasses.(2010·山東淄博六中檢測)A.hadn‘t recognizedB.haven‘t recognized C.didn‘t recognizeD.don‘t recognize解析:選C。前句的句意為:哦,是你呀!我剛才沒有認出你來。所以要用一般過去時。4.direction n.[C] 方向;方面;[U]指導;指揮 常用結構:in the direction of 朝……的方向(=towards)in sb‘s direction 朝某人的方向(=towards sb.)under one‘s direction 在……指導下(=under the direction of sb.)Page No.51 Tom went off in one direction and Jack in another.湯姆往一個方向走,杰克往另外一個方向走。Reforms are needed in many directions.許多方面都需要改革。He is walking in the direction of the police station.他正朝警察局的方向走去。He glanced in her direction and their eyes met.他朝她這個方向一看,倆人的眼睛相遇了。The singing group is under the direction of Mr Lee.合唱團由李先生指揮。溫馨提示direction意為―指示;指引;用法說明‖等,通常要用復數形式。注意:表示郵件上的―姓名地址‖時,也用復數形式。Follow the directions on the medicine bottle.請按藥瓶上的說明服藥。Page No.52 高手過招(1)單項填空Those who learn theory must developthe direction of practice.(2010·山東棗莊一輪驗收)A.toB.onC.inD.for(2)完成句子(原創)①I gave Mary full(地址)to enable her to find the post office.②He did the work(在我的指導下).(1)解析:選C。in the direction of為固定搭配,意為―朝……方向‖。注意不要用介詞to。(2)①directions②under my direction 重點短語5.more than one 意為―不止一個‖,雖然在意義上表示復數,但作主語或修飾主語時,謂語動詞用單數,與many a(許多)用法一樣;如果more修飾復數可數名詞再跟than one作主語時,其謂語動詞則要用復數。Page No.53 More than one member has protested against the proposal.不止一個成員反對這個建議。More than one person has been concerned in this.這里面涉及的不僅是一個人。More persons than one have been involved.涉及的不僅僅是一個人。聯想拓展 ―more than+ adj.‖意為―很;非?!?/p>在―more...than...‖中,肯定―more‖后面的,而否定―than‖后面的,意為―是……而不是……‖或者―與其……不如……‖。―more than...can/could‖是英語里的一個常見結構,可把more than理解為not,表示否定,該結構意為―非……所能……;是……所不能……;不是……所能……‖。more often than not 經常;往往In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.做科學實驗時,對待儀器必須非常小心才行。Page No.54 If you tell your father what you have done, he will be more than a little angry.如果你把所做的事情告訴你父親,他會非常生氣的。Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.與其說凱瑟琳聰明,不如說她勤奮。高手過招完成句子(原創)①當我的老朋友布萊恩慫恿我抽一支煙時,我可再也熬不住了。When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was.②可能的解釋不止一個。There is.①more than I could bear ②more than one possible explanation Page No.55 6.because of 因為;由于是介詞短語,后跟名詞、代詞或動名詞及what從句。She got hurt because of what you‘d said.她因為你的話而受到傷害。due to 意為―由于‖常作表語,也作后置定語和狀語。thanks to意為―多虧;由于‖只作狀語。owing to意為―由于‖常作狀語。as a result of意為―由于‖作狀語。易混辨析because/as/since/for because表示直接原因,語氣最強?;卮饂hy提出的問題只能用because。在強調句型中,也只能用because。as用于解釋做某事的原因,語氣較弱,通常位于主句前。since表示的原因是指人們已知的事實,常意為―既然‖。語氣比because弱,但比as強。通常位于主句前,并常與as換用。for并列連詞,連接并列分句,表示一種補充說明,是推測或判斷的理由,語氣較弱,不可位于主句前。有時可表示直接原因,相當于because。Page No.56 高手過招 單項填空①People crowded on the road and could not go forwardthe traffic accident some cars had made.(2010·山西太原五中檢測)A.withB.since C.because ofD.because ②People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her.,she is a great musician.(2010·陜西西安二中檢測)A.After allB.As a result C.In other wordsD.As usual ①解析:選C??疾楸硎鲸D原因‖的幾個詞的用法。since與because都是連詞,連接句子,with表示原因時,前面多是形容詞。如His face was red with cold.他的臉凍得通紅。because of為介詞短語,后跟名詞或動名詞短語,故選C。②解析:選A。after all畢竟;as a result結果;in other words換句話說;as usual照例。根據題意選擇A。Page No.57 7.come up 走近;上來;提出The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.小男孩向陌生人走去,并告訴他去警察局的路。We won‘t forget the day when we watched the sun come up on top of the Tai Mountain.我們不會忘記一同在泰山頂看日出的那天。It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.這個問題在會議上一定會被提出來的。The snowdrops are just beginning to come up.雪蓮花剛剛開始長出地面。I am afraid something urgent has come up.恐怕發生了什么急事。Page No.58 聯想拓展come true變成現實,成為現實 come across邂逅 come about發生come at向……撲來,攻擊 come from來自come out出版;開花;結果是 come up with想出come round繞道而來;蘇醒 come down落下,塌下come over(從遠處)來到;橫過 come into use開始使用 how come...?(表示理解)……怎么回事? when it comes to sth.當涉及某事時How come her French is so bad if she spent 5 years in pairs? 她在巴黎待了5年,但她的法語怎么這么糟糕。When it comes to getting things done, he is useless.一涉及到做事,他便不中用了。Page No.59 高手過招(1)單項填空They aren‘t afraid when theythe difficulties in their study.(2010·河南鎮平質量檢測)A.come upB.come to C.come aboutD.come out(2)用come構成的短語填空(原創)①The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bearhim.②The magazineonce a month.③I wish you canto England on your holiday.④The engineers havenew ways of saving energy.⑤Theyan old school friend in the street this morning.Page No.60(1)解析:選B??疾槎陶Z辨析。come to此處意為―涉及,提到‖;come about意為―產生‖,如:How did the difference between American English and British English come about? come up意為―到來,來到‖;come out意為―出來,長出,發芽‖。(2)①came at ②comes out ③come over ④come up with ⑤came across 8.such as例如……;像這樣的 易混辨析such as/for example/that is/and so on such as用來列舉事物。通常插在被舉例的帶有解釋性質的事物與前面的需要進行解釋的名詞之間,意為―比如;諸如……之類的‖,可與 like 互換,as 后不能有逗號。for example同for instance一樣起到補充說明的作用,表明在眾多的內容中僅取一兩個例子,可放在舉例之前或之后,意為―例如,舉個例子‖。Page No.61 that is 是后面列舉的事物的總量等于它前面所提到的總和,相當于namely。也用that is to say。and so on 對幾個事物進行列舉時,在說了其中的幾個以后,用and so on進行概括,說明還有例子,但不一一列出。Boys like to play balls, such as football and basketball.男孩子喜歡打球,比如足球和籃球。Some students, Li Jun, for example, live in the country.有些學生,如李軍,住在農村。I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom.我有三個好朋友,即約翰、杰克和湯姆。There are some books, pens, erasers and so on in my bag.我的書包里有書、筆、橡皮等。Page No.62 高手過招 單項填空A lot of countries have gained excellent achievements in space technology, China,.(2010·安徽合肥八中檢測)A.such asB.for exampleC.namelyD.and so on 解析:選B。四個詞中只有for example 位置靈活,可放在句首、句中或句末。9.play a part(in)扮演一個角色;參與She plays an active part in local politics.她積極參與地方政治活動。She played a major part in the success of the scheme.她對該計劃的成功起了重要作用。Page No.63 聯想拓展take part(in sth.)參加, 參與(某事)the best part of sth.(某事物的)絕大部分(尤指一段時間)for the most part整體上;通常;多半 for my part就我來說 高手過招翻譯句子(原創)①有多少國家要參加(世界杯賽)? ②對我來說, 到哪兒吃飯都無所謂。①How many countries will be taking part(in the World Cup)? ②For my part, I don‘t mind where we eat.Page No.64 重點句型10.Which country do you think has the most English learners? 你覺得學英語最多的是哪個國家?do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose 作為插入語,放在特殊疑問詞后,其他內容緊跟其后并用陳述語序。What time do you expect we will come and pick you up? 你希望我們幾點來接你?What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news? 你認為他聽到那個好消息后會做什么呢?Why do you think their team could win the football match? 你認為他們隊為什么能贏得那場足球賽呢? Page No.65 高手過招 單項填空─is the best football player in your city? ─Jerry.(2010·江蘇鹽城質量檢測)A.Do you think who B.Do you think whom C.Who do you think D.Whom do you think 解析:選C。句中主要部分為who is the best football player in your city。插入語為do you think。11.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你,(世界上)沒有什么標準英語。(1)believe it or not在句中用作插入語,意為―信不信由你;我說的是真的‖。Page No.66 聯想拓展常用作插入語的還有: generally speaking一般來說 frankly speaking坦白地說 judging from...從……來判斷to tell you the truth說真的;老實說 to be honest說實在的to make matters worse更糟糕的是 高手過招單項填空 ①, boys are stronger than girls.(2010·江蘇徐州質量檢測)A.To speak generallyB.Generally to speak C.Generally speakingD.Generally spoken ②the hat he , the man is a soldier.(2010·浙江溫州一模)A.Judging from;is wearing C.To judge by;putting B.Judging by;is having onD.Judged by;is putting Page No.67(1)①解析:選C。插入語generally speaking意為―一般來說‖是固定搭配,指常規。②解析:選A。judging from為固定搭配,在這里judging不與the man形成邏輯上的主動或被動關系。wear, have on, dress都有―穿,戴‖的意思,但搭配和意義不同。wear和have on都可以表示―穿著‖的狀態,然而have on沒有進行時態;dress可以作及物和不及物動詞,作不及物動詞的意思是―穿衣‖,作及物動詞時賓語是人。(2)such上述一類的;諸如此類的 聯想拓展no such...as沒有這樣的…… such as例如such...as...像……這樣的…… such...that...這樣……以至于…… 易混辨析such...that.../such...as...在such...that...結構中,that是從屬連詞,引導結果狀語從句,在從句中不作成分。Page No.68 在such...as...結構中,as是關系代詞,引導定語從句,在從句中常作賓語。He is reading such a book as you borrowed from the library last week.他在讀的書和你上周從圖書館借來的一樣。(as是關系代詞,引導定語從句)He is reading such an interesting book that I want to borrow it.他在讀的書這么有趣,我想借來讀讀。(that引導結果狀語從句)高手過招單項填空 ①Exercise isas any other to lose unwanted weight.(2010·四川成都六中檢測)A.so useful a wayB.as a useful way C.as useful a wayD.such a useful way ②I suggest that we should take part in more such activities in future we did yesterday.(2010·江西南昌一中二模)A.whichB.asC.thatD.than Page No.69(2)①解析:選C。as...as結構中出現單數可數名詞時,不定冠詞和名詞應放在形容詞之后。so...as只用于否定句,故不能選A。②解析:選B。當先行詞被such修飾時,關系代詞用as。Page No.70 Unit 3 Travel journal 核心單詞 1.persuade vt.說服;勸服;使相信(同convince)常用結構:persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 persuade sb.to do sth.說服某人做某事persuade sb.into doing sth.說服某人做某事persuade sb.out of doing sth.說服某人不要做某事 persuade sb.that-clause 使某人相信…… Page No.71 聯想拓展talk sb.into/out of doing sth.=reason sb.into/out of doing sth.說服某人做/不做某事trick sb.into/out of doing sth.誘使某人做/不做某事 urge sb.into/out of doing sth.慫恿某人做/不做某事易混辨析advise/persuade advise 強調―勸告,建議‖的動作,不注重結果;而persuade強調―已經說服‖,重在結果。用法上:advise可跟v.-ing形式作賓語,也可以接that-clause(that sb.should do),而persuade則不能。I persuaded him of its truth.我使他相信這是真的。We will persuade him to take the medicine.我們將說服他把藥吃下去。We persuaded her into taking the job.我們說服她接受了這份工作。Page No.72 I persuaded my father out of smoking.我勸服父親戒了煙。She persuaded me that death does not end all.她說服我相信了死并不能結束一切。He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to.即使她不想去上學,他還是說服她去了。He advised that we(should)leave early.他建議我們早點出發。高手過招 單項填空 ①Alice trusts you;only you canher to give up the foolish idea.(2010·安徽合肥八中檢測)A.suggestB.attractC.temptD.persuade ②Mr Li no longer smokes now because his wifehim to give up smoking last year.(2010·江蘇常州檢測題)A.suggestedB.advised C.persuadedD.told Page No.73 ①解析:選D。句意為:愛麗絲信任你,唯有你能說服她放棄這種愚蠢的想法。persuade sb.to do sth.說服某人做某事;suggest勸說、建議,后不接動詞不定式;attract 吸引;tempt 誘惑,引誘,均不符題意。故選D項。②解析:選C??疾閍dvise sb.to do sth.和persuade sb.to do sth.的區別。advise sb.to do sth.意思是―勸某人做某事‖,強調動作,尤其是表達―勸而不服‖時多用此結構;persuade sb.to do sth.意思是―勸服某人做某事‖,強調結果。2.determinevt.(使)決定,決心要;確定 常用結構:determine + n./ pron.決(確)定determine to do sth.決定做某事(表示動作,是非延續性動詞短語)determine on/upon...決定…… determine that/what...決定…… Page No.74 determine sb.to do sth.使某人決定做某事 determine sb.against sth.使某人決定不做某事be determined to do sth.決心做某事(表示狀態,可與表示時間段的狀語連用)We determine to go to the railway station at once.我們決定立刻去火車站。The court determined that the man was guilty of assault.法庭裁定那個人犯了侵犯人身罪。That determined her against leaving home.那件事使她決定不離開家了。聯想拓展 determined adj.堅決的,有決心的 determination n.決心I was determined to make it as a jazz musician.我決定要成為一名爵士樂音樂家。Page No.75 溫馨提示be determined to do與determine to do 意思基本一致,但前者表示狀態,可與某段時間狀語連用;后者表示動作,是非延續性的動詞短語。類似的短語還有:prepare for/be prepared for,worry about/be worried about。這類結構常考查分詞作狀語的用法。高手過招 單項填空He left school early and as an adolescent,to make his fortune in America.(2010·江蘇城頭中學一輪檢測)A.is determinedB.had be determined C.determinedD.determining 解析:選C。考查determine的用法。根據句意應使用be determined to結構,此處determined為形容詞作伴隨狀語。Page No.76 3.insistv.堅持;堅決要求You can come back later, if you insist.如果你一定要堅持,就稍后再來吧。常用結構:insist on/upon sth./(sb‘s)doing sth.堅持某事/要求(某人)做某事 insist that....(should)堅持……I still insist on my viewpoint.我仍然堅持我的觀點。He insisted on paying for the meal.他堅持要付飯錢。Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves.媽媽堅決要求我們自己洗衣服。溫馨提示insist當―堅決要求‖解時,后面的從句應用虛擬語氣,即謂語部分用―should+動詞原形‖或直接用動詞原形;如果insist當―堅持(認為;說)‖解時,后面的從句不用虛擬語氣。Page No.77 高手過招 單項填空 ①The man insisteda taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.(原創)A.findB.to findC.on findingD.in finding ②I advised that heto the hospital at once, but he insisted that hequite well then.(2010·山東壽光一中一輪檢測)A.be sent;was feeling B.was sent;felt C.be sent;feel D.should be sent;should feel ①解析:選C。insist on doing sth.是習慣搭配,意為―堅持做某事‖。②解析:選A。advise引導賓語從句,從句中的謂語動詞不管什么人稱都應用should do;should也可以省去,只用動詞原形表述事實。insist在此處意為―堅持認為‖。故選A。Page No.78 4.once 用法較多,意思也比較豐富,既可以用作連詞,也可以用作副詞。once用作連詞時,意為―一旦……就……‖,連接時間狀語從句,相當于as soon as。once用作副詞時,意為―曾經;一度;從前‖。它是一個不確定的時間副詞,其位置一般是在行為動詞之前,系動詞之后。once用作副詞,也可意為―一次‖。Once you start, you will never give up.一旦開始了,你就不要放棄。Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules.一旦你理解了規則,物理就不難學了。Once he lived in America, but now he lives in England.他曾經居住在美國,但現在他生活在英國。His song was once very popular among the young people.他的歌曾經在年輕人中很流行。Page No.79 The old professor comes to see us once a week.那個老教授一周來看我們一次。Tell us the story once more.把那個故事再給我們講一遍。聯想拓展at once 立刻;馬上once again再一次;又一次(相當于once more)all at once突然(相當于suddenly)once upon a time很早以前;從前once in a while偶爾;間或once/as soon as once偏重于條件,而as soon as偏重于時間。Once you see the film, you‘d never forget it(不宜用as soon as).你一旦看了這部電影,你就永遠不會忘記它。As soon as he got off the plane, we wanted to say hello to him(不宜用once).他一下飛機,我們就想向他打招呼。Page No.80 高手過招 單項填空 ①environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem(生態系統)to recover.(原創)A.Even ifB.If onlyC.WhileD.Once ②you understand this rule, you‘ll have no further difficulty.(2010·山東煙臺質量檢測)A.OnceB.UnlessC.AsD.Until ①解析:選D。句子為once引導的時間狀語從句,意為―一旦;一……就……‖。句意為:一旦環境遭到損害,就需要許多年才能使生態系統恢復。even if引導讓步狀語從句,意為―盡管‖。if only意為―要是……就好了‖,引導從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣。while意為―當……的時候‖,引導從句的謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞。故選D。②解析:選A??疾橛蒾nce引導的時間狀語從句,意為―一旦‖。句意為:一旦明白了這條規則,就再也沒有困難了。Page No.81 5.viewn.風景;視野;觀點;見解vt.觀看;注視;考慮The house has a view over the sea.這座房子面向大海,視野開闊。What is your view on school punishments? 你對學校的處罰有什么看法?The plan was viewed favorably.這項計劃是受到稱贊的。聯想拓展in one‘s view在某人看來come into view進入視野,看得見 in full view(of sb./sth.)完全看得見 in view of sth.鑒于,考慮到,由于with a view to sth./to doing sth.為了,指望Several possible buyers have come to view the house.幾個可能是買主的人來看過房子。Page No.82 高手過招 單項填空On the top of this mountain, you can get a wonderfulof the nearby hills.原五中檢測)sightB.viewC.distanceD.look 解析:選B。get a view of為固定搭配,意為―看到……的景象‖。重點短語 6.care about 關心;擔心;在乎;喜歡I really care about my work.我真的關心我的工作。聯想拓展care for 喜愛;照顧;重視take care 當心take care of 照料;關懷;處理 under the care of 由……管理, 在……的照料下, 在……的保護下 Page No.83 with care 小心, 慎重She doesn‘t care for that colour.她不喜歡那種顏色。He spent years caring for his sick mother. 他數年里一直在照顧生病的母親。2010·山西太(I do care for what my teacher says.我的確尊重老師說的話。高手過招(1)單項填空That old man is so greedy(貪婪的)that henothing but money, not even his relatives.(原創)A.look aboutB.search for C.cares aboutD.takes care of(2)完成句子(原創)①他一點也不關心別人,只想著自己。He doesn‘t careother people at all;he is always thinking of himself.②愛因斯坦對金錢不感興趣,對薪水也不計較。Einstein who cared littlemoney never caredhis salary.Page No.84(1)解析:選C??疾槎陶Z辨析。look about到處看;search for尋找,相當于look for;care about關心;在乎;take care of照料。(2)①about②for;about 7.change one‘s mind 改變主意Maybe you‘ll change your mind after thinking it over.也許你仔細考慮之后會改變主意。聯想拓展make up one‘s mind(to do)下定決心(做某事)have a/no mind to do有/無意做…… lose one‘s mind 失去理智read one‘s mind 看出某人的心思 speak one‘s mind 直言不諱be of the same mind 意見一致be in/of two minds 拿不定主意 give one‘s mind to 注意…… keep one‘s mind on 專心于…… Page No.85 take one‘s mind off sth.轉移某人的注意bear/keep sth.in mind 記住某事 bring/call sth.to mind 回憶某事put one‘s mind to sth.全神貫注于某事I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it.我已經下定決心要離開,不管你說什么我都不會改變主意了。①I‘ve made up my mind to be a doctor.②Nothing will make me change my mind.Page No.86 8.give in屈服,讓步,投降;上交 聯想拓展 give in(to sb./sth.)向……讓步give up sth./doing放棄(做)某事give away 贈送;泄露give back 歸還;恢復give off放出,散發(光、熱、煙、氣味等)give out分配;分發;發布;(食物,燃料,電力等)被用光;筋疲力盡Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in(to my view).由于無法說服我,他不得不讓步。Our food supply at last gives out.我們的食物終于用完了。His strength gave out.他已筋疲力盡。Page No.87 高手過招 單項填空It is always the husband whofirst when a quarrel breaks out between the young couple.(2010·山東聊城檢測)A.give awayB.gives outC.gives inD.gives off 解析:選C。考查動詞短語辨析。句意為:當年輕夫妻之間發生爭吵時,最先讓步的總是丈夫。give away 贈送,泄露,出賣;give out 分發,用完,消耗盡;give in 投降,屈服,讓步;give off 放出,散發出。重點句型9.Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train? 汽車和火車,你更喜歡使用哪種交通方式?prefer to do(rather than do)意為―寧可;寧愿(表選擇)‖或者―更喜歡做某事‖。其本身帶有like better的含義,所以不能再與表示程度的better或more連用。Page No.88 聯想拓展prefer sth.喜歡某事/物prefer doing sth.更喜歡做某事prefer+to do sth.(表示特定場合下)更喜歡做某事 prefer sb.to do sth.寧愿某人做某事 prefer A to B/prefer doing A to doing B 寧愿……而不愿……prefer to do A rather than do B 寧愿做A而不愿做B prefer + that-clause(虛擬語氣)+(should)+do 喜歡做某事Do you prefer cooking for yourself or eating in a restaurant? 你是喜歡自己做飯還是下館子?Their father prefers them to be home early.他們的父親寧愿他們早點回家。I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination.我寧愿寫一篇學術論文也不愿參加考試。Page No.89 He preferred to die rather than become a traitor.他寧死也不做叛徒。Would you prefer that I(should)come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你寧愿讓我星期一來而不是星期二來嗎?高手過招 單項填空My sistersingingdancing while I dance sing.(原創)A.prefers;to;would rather;than B.would rather;than;prefer;toC.prefers;rather than;would rather;to D.would rather;to;prefer;to 解析:選A。考查固定搭配。prefer的搭配是prefer to do rather than do或prefer doing to doing;would rather的搭配是would rather do than do或would do rather than do,因此A項正確。Page No.90 10.When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience.當我告訴她那里空氣稀薄,呼吸困難,而且天氣很冷時,她卻說這將是一次有趣的經歷。―...the air would be hard to breathe...‖是―主語+系動詞+形容詞+不定式‖結構,其中不定式的謂語與主語在意義上是動賓關系,但要用主動形式表示被動意義,不定式后面如果是不及物動詞要在其后加適當的介詞與主語構成動賓關系。這一類的形容詞通??梢悦枥L主語的情緒、態度、品質屬性或者難易程度,如hard, difficult, easy, nice, interesting, important, pleasant和comfortable等。Your writing is impossible to read.你寫的字太難辨認了。Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你認為這水喝起來安全嗎?The chair looks rather hard, but it is very comfortable to sit on.這把椅子看上去很硬,但坐起來很舒服。Page No.91 高手過招完成句子(原創)①有時候她很不容易理解。She was difficultat times.②他是唯一一個被授予這種榮譽的外國人。He was the only foreignersuch an honour.①to understand②to be given 11.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.有決心的人總是努力完成工作,不管它有多么難。no matter how...引導讓步狀語從句,意為―無論多么……‖,how后跟形容詞或副詞,相當于―however + adj./adv.‖句式。聯想拓展no matter意為―無論;不管‖時,引導讓步狀語從句,常用于下列句型中:no matter what(who/when etc.)...分別表示―無論何事‖、―無論何人‖、―無論何時‖等,這個從句可以置于主句之前,也可以置于主句之后。no matter后接關系代詞或關系副詞引導的狀語從句在句中作讓步狀語。Page No.92 注意:whatever, however, whoever etc.可引導狀語從句,也可引導名詞性從句。No matter what happened, he would not mind.=Whatever happened, he would not mind.不管發生什么,他都不在意。(錯)Prisoners have to eat no matter what they‘re given.(對)Prisoners have to eat whatever they‘re given.囚犯們只能給什么吃什么。No matter how hard he works, he can not get a promotion.不管他工作多努力, 他就是得不到提升。No matter what you do, you must be very careful.不管做什么事,你都必須非常細心。No matter who you are(=Whoever you are), I‘ll never let you in.無論你是誰,我絕不讓你進去。No matter which you choose(=Whichever you choose), you will be satisfied.不論你選擇哪一個,你都會滿意的。No matter where I go(=Wherever I go), I will be thinking of you.無論我去哪里,我都會想著你。Page No.93 高手過招 單項填空 ①the problem may be, we must solve it ourselves.(2010·山東威海一輪驗收)A.Whatever difficultB.How difficultC.However difficultD.No matter what difficult ②It is generally considered unwise to give a childhe or she wants.(2010·山東棗莊檢測)A.howeverB.whatever C.whicheverD.whenever ①解析:選C。句意為:不管問題有多難,我們都要獨立解決。difficult為形容詞,因此用how修飾,表示程度。however在這里沒有轉折的意思,相當于no matter how,因此答案為C。②解析:選B??疾閺膶訇P聯詞的用法。whatever等于anything that或everything that,引導賓語從句。whatever一方面起引導詞的作用,同時作從句中wants的賓語。Page No.94 Unit 4 Earthquakes 核心單詞 1.burstvt.& vi.(burst, bursting)爆炸;脹裂;突然而起;闖入; 充滿;滿盈;n.突然破裂;爆發 聯想拓展burst out 迸發;突然發作;突然……起來 burst open推開;忽然打開; 裂開 burst through沖開;沖破;撥開burst in upon打斷(談話等);突然出現; 突然到達 burst in/ into闖入; 突然出現; 突然……起來; 突然發作 Page No.95 另外,burst into后接名詞時可表示不同的意義: burst into laughter突然大笑起來 burst into tears突然大哭起來 burst into cheers突然歡呼起來burst out后接動名詞也表示同樣的意思 burst out laughing/crying 突然大笑/哭起來 高手過招 單項填空Every timehe thought of his past, he couldn‘t help bursting(2010·濟南一模)A.when;out tearsB.that;into crying C.which;into tearsD./;out crying 解析:選D。burst out后接v.-ing形式,every time 相當于連詞,引導狀語從句。故選D。Page No.96 2.eventn.事件;大事;比賽項目The new book was the cultural event of the year.這本新書的出版是今年文化界的大事。Coming events cast their shadows before.未來之事先有征兆。The next event will be the 100-metre race.下一個比賽項目是100米賽跑。常用結構:at all events 無論怎樣 in any event 無論如何 in the event of 萬一;倘若In the event of rain, the game will be postponed.要是下雨,球賽就延期。Page No.97 易混辨析occurrence/event/incident/accident occurrence系常用詞, 指―任何發生的事件‖。event 指―有重要意義的歷史事件、重大事件‖。incident指―事件‖, 尤指―比較不重要的小事件‖。accident指―意外事故‖。高手過招 單項填空 ①The National Day and the International Labour Day are greatin our country.(2010·河南鎮平二輪)A.thingsB.incidents C.accidentsD.events.②How manyare going to be held in this Summer Olympic Games?(2010·江蘇啟東一輪)A.accidentsB.incidents C.eventsD.sports Page No.98 ①解析:選D??疾樵~義辨析。things是普通用詞,指―情況;狀況‖;incident意為―事情;發生的事(常指小事)‖;accident意為―事故‖,強調未預料到的事情;event的意為―事件‖,多指大事件。②解析:選C??疾樵~義辨析。accident意為―事故‖,指沒有料到的惡性事件。incident指―事件‖,多指不是很重要的事情。event多指―政治性的事件‖,尤指大事。event也可以指(體育運動中的)比賽項目。3.rescue n.&vt.援救,營救 常用結構:rescue sb./ sth.from sb./ sp.把……從……營救出來 come to/ go to sb‘s rescue = rescue sb.援救某人a rescue team 救援隊a rescue mission 救援任務rescue workers 救援人員 Page No.99 The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.警察來救他,把他從河里拉了出來。The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.營救隊在這次地震期間進行了無數次救援。Michael rescued a boy from drowning.邁克爾把溺水的男孩救了起來。高手過招用rescue的適當形式填空(原創)①The mother, along with her two children,from the sinking boat by a passing ship.②The firemenfive children from the burning house yesterday.①has been rescued ②rescued Page No.100 4.judgen.法官;鑒賞家;裁判 vt.判斷;估計His father used to be a judge.他的父親過去是一名法官。She‘s a good judge of wine.她是鑒別酒的專家。The blind can‘t judge colours.盲人無法判斷顏色。Don‘t judge a man by his looks.不要以貌取人。聯想拓展judgment n.判斷,辨別力judge sb./ sth.by/from 通過……判斷…… as far as I judge 我認為 judging from...從……來看,根據……判斷Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.從他所說的話來看,他是個誠實的人。Page No.101 高手過招(1)單項填空the hat he , the old man is a farmer.(2010·山東日照檢測)A.Judging from;is wearing B.Judging by;is having on C.To judge by;putting D.Judged by;is putting(2)用judge的適當形式填空(原創)①from his appearance, he must be a rich man.②In her, he must be from the south.(1)解析:選A。judging from為固定搭配,此處judging不與the old man形成邏輯主動或被動關系。wear, have on, dress都有―穿,戴‖的意思,但搭配和意義不同。wear和have on都可以表示―穿著‖的狀態,然而have on沒有進行時態;dress可以作及物和不及物動詞,作不及物動詞時意為―穿衣‖,作及物動詞時賓語是人。(2)①Judging ②judgment Page No.102 5.ruinvt.毀壞;毀滅。既可指實際的東西,也可指抽象的東西。n.[U]毀壞;毀滅 [C](常用作復數)廢墟 聯想拓展in ruins嚴重損壞;破敗不堪;落空bring come to ruin使某人失?。皇箖A家蕩產 bring ruin upon oneself自取滅亡fall/go to ruin毀滅, 滅亡;崩潰;破壞掉ruin oneself毀掉自己 易混辨析destroy/ruin/damage/harm destroy 表示在肉體上、精神上或道義上的徹底摧毀,使之無法恢復,也可以表示對某物體進行完全的毀壞。ruin一般指對物體或生命徹底的破壞,但往往是非暴力的,也往往不是一次性打擊的結果,常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。Page No.103 damage 一般指對物體或生命的局部損傷,使整體的價值或作用降低或變得無價值、無作用。這種損傷可以是暴力的或一次性破壞的結果,也可以指非暴力的長期損害的結果。harm 一般指傷害有生命的東西,常指傷及人的健康、權利、事業等。What he faced ruined his hope.他所面對的使他的希望破滅了。The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake.整個城市在地震中被毀掉了。Laziness will ruin one‘s prospects.懶惰會使人自毀前程。We wanted to have a look at the ruins of Pompeii.我們想看一下龐貝城的廢墟。They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged.他們設法修復了受到破壞的房子。Page No.104 高手過招 單項填空 ①I wasby that law case.I‘m a man.(2010·11·西安月考)A.ruined;ruinedB.ruined;destroying C.damaged;destroyedD.destroyed;damaging ②Many old templesruins are now being rebuilt.(原創)A.onB.byC.withD.in ①解析:選A。句意為:我被那場官司搞得傾家蕩產,不名一文。ruin常用于借喻中,指損壞到了不能再使用的程度;damage不能指人,只指物;destroy指完全徹底地破壞,含有無法修復之意,也可用于借喻。第二個空應用過去分詞作定語,表被動和完成之意。②解析:選D。in ruins為固定搭配,意為―處于頹廢狀態‖。Page No.105 6.bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;使沉浸于 聯想拓展be buried alive 被活埋be buried under 為……所壓倒;沉浸于,忙于bury(oneself)in 埋頭于;專心于;退居于(鄉間等)=be buried in bury one‘s head in the sand自欺欺人,逃避現實(來自鴕鳥的習性)The house was half buried under snow.房子一半被埋在雪中。If you continue to bury your head in the sand and refuse to recognize the fact that some of your classmates are catching up with you, it won‘t be long before you find yourself left behind.如果你再拒絕承認你的一些同班同學已經趕上來了這一事實,那么不用多久,你就會發現自己落后了。Page No.106 高手過招選詞填空(burying/buried)(原創)I have a sigh, my headin my hands.buried 重點短語 7.right away 立刻,馬上I‘ll return the book to you right away.我會馬上還書給你。If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果戰爭爆發,我們將立即被征召服役。聯想拓展 right now=at once=immediately=in no time立刻,馬上Page No.107(1)解析:選D。考查短語辨析。in no time意為―片刻之后‖,而 in a flash意為―片刻之間‖。(2)I want it typed right away, please.Page No.108 8.think of 認為;考慮 聯想拓展think poorly of不放在眼里;輕視think twice 再三考慮think little/nothing of輕視;忽略think much/highly of重視;看重,評價高 What do you think of...?認為……怎么樣? think about考慮;回想;想起 think of考慮;記憶,記起think sth.over仔細想;謹慎思考;作進一步考慮 think sth.out認真考慮;仔細盤算 think sth.up想出,發明 Page No.109 The government thinks highly of his invention because it will benefit the whole country.政府非常重視他的發明,因為它將有益于全國人民。The foolish boss thought little of my suggestions on that project.那個愚蠢的老板根本就不重視我對那項工程的建議。He is thinking about travelling in the summer holidays.他正在考慮暑假旅游的事。I can‘t think of his name at the moment.我一時想不起他的名字。Please think over what I said.請仔細考慮我說的話。He thought out a new idea.他盤算出了一個新主意。高手過招 單項填空 ①How did you thinksuch a clever way out of difficulty?(原創)A.overB.aboutC.upD.on ②Can youa way of solving the problem?(原創)A.discoverB.invent upC.think upD.invent Page No.110 ①解析:選C。句意為:你怎樣想出如此明智的辦法擺脫困境?其他選項與think搭配無―想出‖之意。②解析:選C。think up在這里相當于think of,意為―考慮,思考‖。9.at an end結束,終結(= finish)聯想拓展end n.&v.結事,終結 與end搭配的常用短語at the end of在……末尾 by the end of到……末為止 in the end最后,終于at a loose end無所事事;處于雜亂狀態 make ends meet收支相抵The war was finally at an end.戰爭終于結束了。Page No.111 ①by the end of ②in the end③at the end of 10.instead of代替,而不是The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks.中國人不用刀叉,用筷子。Instead of working, Jack was idling away his time.杰克不去工作,虛度著光陰。She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.她決定星期日而不是星期一離開這里。Page No.112 易混辨析instead/instead of/in place of/take the place of instead 是副詞,單獨使用,用于句首或句末作狀語,意為―而是,相反‖。instead of 是復合介詞,后接名詞、代詞、或動名詞,意為―代替、而不……‖。in place of 為介詞短語,也是―代替、而不‖的意思,表示―以甲代乙‖,而instead of則是―用甲不用乙‖,除―代替‖外,還有對乙否定的意思,有時意為―不‖。take the place of(replace)作謂語,用在名詞、代詞前。高手過招 單項填空 ①—I think we should buy a new curtainthis one.—Yes.It looks a bit ugly.(2010·江西贛州一輪)A.to replace;as it is B.to in place of;nowC.to take the place of;as it was D.instead of;than that one Page No.113 ②We will go there on footby bus.What about you?(2010·11·福建福州月考)A.insteadB.instead ofC.withoutD.but ①解析:選A。to replace為不定式作目的狀語。as it is意為―現在的樣子‖。②解析:選B。instead of意為―用一種形式代替另一種形式‖。C項有一定干擾性,without意為―在沒有……的情況下‖,因此不合題意。11.the number of 意為―……的數量、數目‖,作主語時謂語動詞用單數;a number of意為―一些,很多‖,相當于 many, 后接可數名詞復數,當它作主語時,謂語動詞用復數。The number of competitors is limit.參賽者的數量是有限的。A number of problems have arisen.已經出現了一些問題。Page No.114 a large /great/good number of;a great/good many;a good few/quite a few+可數名詞復數,意為―大量的‖;a great/good deal;a great/ large amount of;quite a little+ 不可數名詞,意為―大量的‖;a lot of/lots of;a great /large quantity of;large quantities of/ plenty of +可數名詞復數/不可數名詞均可,意為―大量的‖。但是a great/large quantity of..., large quantities of...作主語時謂語動詞與quantity形式一致。高手過招 單項填空During the past two years, the number of automobile accidents in New York Citydecreased.(2010·11·山東煙臺月考)A.haveB.hasC.wasD.were解析:選B。the number of+復數名詞,其主語是number,故謂語動詞用單數,意為―……的數量‖。Page No.115 重點句型12.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.農家大院里的雞,甚至豬都緊張得不吃食。―too + adj./adv.+動詞不定式‖結構簡稱為―too...to‖結構,在大多數情況下表示否定意義,通??梢鉃楱D太……而不能……;太……無法……‖。―too...to‖結構表示否定的常見句型有:too +adj./adv.+ to do,有時too后也可跟一個起形容詞作用的過去分詞。too...to/to be done形式。這是―too...to‖結構中不定式為被動式時的變體,如果主語是不定式動作的承受者,不定式既可以用主動式,也可以用被動式,此時用主動式雖然在形式上是主動的,但在意義上卻是被動的。too + adj.+ a(an)+ n.+ to + v./to be done形式。這個句型在too+ adj.后再接一個帶不定冠詞的名詞,不定冠詞一定要放置于形容詞后。與此同時,只有當too后形容詞修飾一個可數名詞時,才可以在形容詞與名詞間加不定冠詞―a/an‖。當句子主語能發出該不定式的動作時,可以用to + v.的主動式,當主語是該不定式動作的承受者時,則用to be + v.-ed的被動式。Page No.116 溫馨提示并不是所有―too...to‖結構的句子都表示否定意義,在下列情況下,―too...to‖結構可以表示肯定意義:―too...to‖結構之前帶有but, only, all, never, not時,是強調肯定的表示法,意為―非?!帧瑢嵲凇?,真是太……‖等。―too...to‖結構中帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞,如ready,eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加動詞不定式結合成一個不可分割的狀態、態度、傾向或心情等,并且其后的不定式不是說明too的具體內容,而是修飾形容詞,故不定式不再表示結果。在―too...to‖結構中,不定式為否定式時,是構成的雙重否定,其意為―非常/很/太/那么……不會不/必定能/所以能……‖,也不表示否定意義。Page No.117 I,m too tired to think of anything now.我太累了,什么也不能想了。The tea is too hot to drink/to be drunk.茶太熱,不能喝。The shoes are too badly broken to be mended.這些鞋子破爛得不能修補。He,s too experienced an artist to mind what the critics say.(=As an artist he,s too experienced to mind what the critics say.)他是個經驗非常豐富的藝術家,不會介意批評家說些什么。He is too experienced an artist to be worried by what the critics say.他是一個經驗非常豐富的藝術家,不至于為批評家們的議論而擔憂。I am but too glad to do so.我非常喜歡這樣做。He was too anxious to do this job.他非常想做這件工作。The girl is too careful not to do it well.這姑娘很細心,完全能做好那件事。Page No.118 高手過招 單項填空—He seemstired to do it.—But I am onlyglad to do it.(2010·江蘇常州一輪)A.very;tooB.extremely;too too;tooD.very;very 解析:選C。第一空為too...to 太……而不能……,第二空前有only所以too...to強調肯定,意為―非常、十分‖。13.It seemed as if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日!聯想拓展as if=as though意為―仿佛,像,似乎‖。通常用在be,look,seem,sound,taste,smell及feel等連系動詞的后面。如果表示真實情況應該用陳述語氣;如果表示非真實情況則應該用虛擬語氣, 其謂語動詞的虛擬式與wish后面賓語從句中謂語動詞的虛擬式相同。引導方式狀語從句時也要用虛擬語氣。Page No.119 注意:as if(though)后面除了跟句子外,還可以跟名詞、動詞不定式、形容詞(短語)、介詞短語和分詞。另外,as if(though)還可以表達感嘆語氣,來對某項建議、假設和推測表示不贊成、驚訝、不滿和厭惡等。How wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified!他的白發十分凌亂,好像觸了電似的。(虛擬語氣)She seems as if she is going to cry.她似乎要哭了。(陳述事實)As if anyone would believe that story!好像有人竟會相信那樣的事!As if we were all stupid and he alone clever!哼,就仿佛我們都是傻瓜,只有他一個人聰明似的。He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他舉起他的手,好像要取下帽子。He behaved as if nothing had happened.他表現的好像什么也沒發生。Page No.120 高手過招(1)單項填空—Will you go to the exhibition tomorrow? —Yes, I will goit,s windy.(2010·11·山東濱州月考)A.as ifB.even though C.as soon as D.as though(2)翻譯句子(原創)①你像是見了鬼似的。②這個男孩向四周察看,像在尋找什么東西。(1)解析:選B。even though相當于even if,引導讓步狀語從句,意為―即使‖;as if(though)引導方式狀語從句;as soon as引導時間狀語從句。(2)①You looked as if you had seen a ghost. ②The boy looked about as if in search of something. Page No.121 14.All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。all, both, each, every, everyone, everything, always, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether等具有總括意義的詞后跟否定詞not連用時,一般都表示部分否定,其中all, both, each, every無論在not之前還是之后,都表示部分否定。但如果句子中出現下列單詞或短語則該句為全部否定:none of+n./pron.;neither+n./pron.;no+n.;nothing;nobody;neither;never;nowhere;neither...nor等。All that glitters is not gold.發光的不一定都是金子。Not all body languages mean the same thing in different countries.并非所有的肢體語言在不同的國家里都有相同的意思。Each machine here is not produced in our plant.這里的機器不全是我們廠生產的。Page No.122 高手過招 單項填空We couldn‘t eat in a restaurant becauseof us hadmoney on us.(原創)A.all;noB.any;no C.none;anyD.no one;any 解析:選C??疾槿糠穸ā>湟鉃椋阂驗槲覀兇蠹疑砩隙紱]帶錢,所以不能在飯店里吃飯。故選C項。Page No.123 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero 核心單詞 1.quality n.[U,C]質,質量,品質;特性(既可用于描述物品,也用于描述人物)[C]性質;特性;特點 Modesty is one of his good qualities.謙虛是他的美德之一。One quality of wood is that it can burn.木料的一個特點是能燃燒。Page No.124 常用結構:high quality 優質 poor quality 劣質average quality 一般的品質Wine of high quality costs more than that of poor quality.優質的葡萄酒比劣質的葡萄酒價格要高。易混辨析quality/quantity quality 質,質量 quantity 數量;大量For study, quality often matters more than quantity.就學習而言,質量往往比數量更重要。Quantities of food were on the table.桌上擺了大量食物。There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.瓶子里還剩下少量的水。Page No.125 高手過招完成句子(原創)①他仔細檢查家具的品質。He examinedcarefully.②他具備了一個成功商人應具有的所有品質。He hasof a successful businessman.①the quality of the furniture ②all the qualities Page No.126 2.devote vt.獻身;專心于 常用結構:devote oneself/one‘s energy/one‘s time to(doing)sth.奉獻/精力/時間于某事sb.be devoted to(doing)sth.某人獻身做某事 He devoted all his life to China‘s aviation.他的一生都奉獻給了中國的航空事業。He‘s devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.他終生獻身于保護珍稀動物。He is devoted to helping the poor.他致力于幫助窮困的Page No.127 聯想拓展類似于devote...to...的結構中to為介詞的詞組還有: object to 反對attend to 辦理;照顧;注意聽 look forward to 期待;盼望be opposed to 反對devote...to 貢獻給……stick to 堅持lead to 導致pay attention to 注意到be related to 與……有關see to 務必做到; 負責…… refer to 提到;指的是turn to 翻到; 求助于 高手過招 單項填空The idea for the new machine came to Mr Bakerto his invention.(2010·陜西師大附中月考)A.while he was devotedB.while devoting C.while devoting himselfD.while devoted 解析:選A。考查be devoted to這一結構。注意不要誤選D項,因為主句的主語the idea與從句的主語Mr Baker/he不一致,因此從句中的主語和謂語動詞he was不能省略。Page No.128 3.equaladj.相同的;平等的 vt.等于,比得上 n.同等/相等的人或物He asked us to cut the apple into three equal pieces.他讓我們把蘋果切成三等份。None of us can equal her in intelligence.我們中沒人能在智力方面比得上她。常用結構:be equal to sth./doing sth.勝任某事/ 做某事 A equals BA等于B without equal/have no equal 無與倫比/無比Are you equal to(doing)the task?你能勝任這項工作嗎? Yao Ming is a basketball player without equal in China.在中國,姚明是個無與倫比的籃球運動員。Page No.129 高手過招 單項填空He doubted whether she would beto the task.(原創)equalB.similarC.familiarD.content 解析:選A。be equal to sth.勝任,符合句意。content意為―滿意的,滿足的‖不符句意,其他選項也均與句意不符。4.reward n.報答;酬金(為某些特殊服務提供或給予的金錢)vt.酬謝,獎賞;報應;懲罰(壞人或壞事)常用結構:as a reward(for)作為(對某事的)報酬(或獎賞)give/ offer a reward to sb.for sth.為某事而給某人報酬 in reward for 為酬答……;作為獎勵……reward sb.(with...)for sth.為某事(而以……)報答…… Page No.130 易混辨析reward/award/prize reward表示―獎賞,酬謝‖,動詞只能以人或人的行為作賓語,名詞表示某人因做了某事而應得到某東西。award 作名詞指正式或官方 ―給予,頒發,授予‖(獎章,獎金等),也可以指法庭裁決;作動詞時可以跟兩個賓語,award sb.sth.把某物授予/判給某人。prize只能作名詞,表示―獎賞、獎金、獎品‖,尤指在比賽中獲得的榮譽。It‘s a reward for virtue.那是對美德的回報。It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.他工作很辛苦,報酬卻很少,這不公平。How can I reward your kindness? 我如何酬謝你的好意呢?Jim rewarded the boy a pound for bringing back the lost dog.男孩把吉姆丟失的狗帶了回來,為此吉姆獎賞給他一英鎊。Page No.131 高手過招 單項填空 ①Martin Luther King, a great Black leader in the movement against racial discrimination, wasthe Nobel Prize for peace for his outstanding contribution to world peace.(2010·11·河南洛陽月考)A.rewardedB.givenC.awardedD.offered ②Theythe winners with gifts of fruit and flowers.(原創)A.rewardedB.awardedC.chargedD.paid ③The girl got nothing infor her kindness, which made her very sad.A.prizeB.awardC.medalsD.reward Page No.132 ①解析:選C。句意為:反對種族歧視運動的杰出黑人領袖馬丁·路德·金,因其對世界和平的突出貢獻而被授予諾貝爾和平獎。award指正式或官方的―授予,頒發‖。②解析:選A??疾楣潭ù钆洹>湟鉃椋核麄兯徒o獲勝者水果和鮮花作為獎賞。reward sb.with...用……酬勞某人。③解析:選D。由句意可知,應該是對做好事的報答。in reward for 為……而報答。重點短語5.out of work 失業Jim has been out of work for several months.吉姆已經失業幾個月了。Mary‘s cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience.瑪麗的手機壞了好幾天了,這給她帶來了很多不便。Page No.133 聯想拓展in work有工作out of breath上氣不接下氣 out of patience 不耐煩 out of use 沒用了 out of date過時out of order次序顛倒;出故障 out of control失控out of danger脫離危險out of shape變形Out of sight, out of mind.眼不見, 心不煩。高手過招用適當的介詞(短語)填空(原創)①Although my computer isdate now, it's stilluse.②After the fourth operation, the patient has beendanger.①out of;in ②out of Page No.134 6.as a matter of fact事實上It was cold.As a matter of fact, it was freezing.天很冷。事實上,冷得要命。聯想拓展as a matter of fact=in fact/in actual fact/actually/in reality/to tell the truth 實際上;事實to make matters worse 讓事情更糟糕的是 it doesn‘t matter 沒有關系 高手過招 單項填空It rained that day., our car broke down on the way.(2010·江蘇泰州一輪檢測)A.In factB.Actually C.To make matters worseD.To tell the truth 解析:選C。to make matters worse讓事情更糟糕的是。根據句 意可知,C項符合。Page No.135 7.blow upvi.爆炸;突然嚴峻;大發雷霆vt.炸毀;給……充氣;放大(照片)My father blew up when I didn't come home last night.我昨晚沒回家,父親大發雷霆。Stop at the gas station and we'll blow up the tyres.在加油站停一下,我們要給輪胎打氣。聯想拓展blow away刮走,吹走 blow down(風)刮倒blow off 吹掉;將(熱水、蒸汽等)放出 blow out 吹熄;(電線)燒斷blow over(暴風雨等)吹散,刮倒;(壞天氣)大風平息 Page No.136 高手過招 單項填空A short circuit willthe fuse(保險絲).(原創)A.blow upB.blow off C.blow outD.blow over 解析:選C。句意為:短路會燒斷保險絲。根據句意可知,答案選C。8.in trouble 在危險、受罰、痛苦、憂慮等的處境中 Please telephone us when you are in trouble.遇到困難時就給我們打電話。聯想拓展have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困難。其中的介詞 in 在口語中通??墒÷?。take(the)trouble to do sth.在這一結構中,其中的冠詞用不用均可,但含義稍有不同:用冠詞,表示不怕費事或不怕麻煩而去做某事;不用冠詞,表示盡心盡力或費盡心血而去做某事。Page No.137 go to(the)trouble to do(of doing)sth.不辭辛勞做某事/費心做某事give sb.trouble/put sb.to trouble麻煩某人;打擾某人 have trouble with...有……病痛;同……鬧糾紛 We had no trouble(in)finding his office.我們沒費吹灰之力就找到了他的辦公室。He took the trouble to show me the way to the station.他不嫌麻煩地為我去火車站而指路。He went to the trouble of finding out when our train was leaving.他費心為我們打聽到了我們乘坐的火車的開車時間。I don‘t like giving trouble to people I don‘t know.我不愿意給我不認識的人添麻煩。The man often has trouble with his wife.這個男人經常與他的妻子鬧矛盾。Page No.138 高手過招 單項填空Even an experienced climber canto reach the summit.(2010·河南鄭州一輪檢測)A.get into troubleB.make trouble ask for troubleD.take trouble over 解析:選A。句意為:即使是一個很有經驗的登山者,想要到達頂峰也有可能遇到困難。句中的can表示―有可能‖。get into trouble 陷入困境,因做某事而招致懲罰,危險等;ask for trouble 自找麻煩,自討苦吃;make trouble 引起麻煩;take trouble over sth.在某事上費心思。根據句意選A。9.turn to求助于;依賴;翻到;詢問We have to turn to some bigger companies for technical help.我們不得不向一些更大的公司尋求技術援助。Page No.139 聯想拓展turn against背叛turn down(音量)關??;拒絕 turn in上交turn...into...(使……)成為……turn off關掉(水源、煤氣、電燈等);避開(問題等)turn on打開(水、煤氣、電燈、無線電等)turn over(使)打翻/翻身/翻動/翻耕(土地)/轉危為安 turn up開大;出現;找到 by turns輪流;交替 in turn依次;輪流turn out證明是;結果是Nobody will turn against his country.沒有人會背叛自己的國家。Page No.140 Please turn down the television.請把電視機的音量調小點兒。He turned down my suggestion without hesitation.他毫不猶豫地拒絕了我的建議。The child picked up a purse and turned it in to the policeman.那個孩子撿到了一個錢包,然后把它交給了警察。The farmers are turning waste land into rice fields.農民們正把荒地變成肥沃的田地。Don't forget to turn all the lights off before you go to bed.在你上床之前,不要忘記把所有的燈都關上。The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang.當電話鈴響的時候,那個人翻了個身,又睡著了。Page No.141 高手過招(1)單項填空 ①In the new city there wasn‘t a single personthe poor boy could turn for help.(2010·遼寧本溪月考)A.thatB.who C.from whomD.to whom ②We had a good many anxious moments, but everythingall right in the end.(2010·江蘇南京一輪)A.turned downB.turned on C.turned outD.turned to(1)①解析:選D。turn to sb.for help為固定搭配,意思是―求助于‖某人。②解析:選C。turn out 在句中的意思是―變得;證明是;結果是‖,為連系動詞;turn down調低;拒絕;turn on打開;turn to參考;轉向;求助于。Page No.142(2)用與turn搭配的適當介詞填空(原創)①The key you lost has turned.②Nothing could make the brave man turnhis motherland.③Don't rush.Please wait in line and get on the busturn.④He asked his teacher to give him the chance one more time but his teacher turned him.⑤Be sure to turn the lightswhen you leave the classroom.(2)①up ②against ③in ④down ⑤off 10.lose heart 喪失勇氣或信心He failed many times, but he didn‘t lose heart.他失敗了許多次,但他并沒有失去信心。No matter what you do, never lose heart.不管你做什么,千萬不要失去信心。Page No.143 lose one‘s job失業lose one‘s balance失去平衡 lose one‘s breath上氣不接下氣 lose one‘s heart(to sb./sth.)愛上 lose one‘s life喪生;遇害 lose face丟臉;受屈辱 lose hope失去希望 高手過招 翻譯句子 ①不要失去信心,一切都會好起來的。②她喜歡上了一位年輕士兵。①Don‘t lose heart, all will turn out well.②She lost her heart to a young soldier.Page No.144 重點句型11....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到這個時候,我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。only 修飾的時間、條件、方式狀語等放在句首時,主句要用部分倒裝。Only then did she realize she had made mistakes.直到那時她才意識到她所犯的錯誤。Only when he came back did I go to bed.當他回來的時候,我才上床睡覺。溫馨提示only 放在句首修飾狀語時,主句部分要倒裝,修飾主語、賓語時,則不倒裝。Only you understand me.只有你了解我。Page No.145 高手過招 單項填空 I failed in the final examination last term and only thenthe importance of studies.(2010·山東青島二中月考)A.I realizedB.I had realized C.had I realizedD.did I realize 解析:選D。only then位于句首時句子用倒裝結構,realize的動作在fail之后發生,故選過去時。12.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.他在午餐后的休息時間以及晚上本來該睡覺的時間教我們學習。should have done 本應該做某事(但實際上并沒有做)/對過去已發生的事情的推測。ought to= should 但在語氣上比should要強。Page No.146 溫馨提示情態動詞+have done的用法小結:must+have done 表示對過去情況的推測,只用于肯定句中,意為―一定……‖,其否定的意義用can‘t+have done表示。can/could have done 對過去已發生的情況的推測,用于疑問句或否定句中。could+have done本來有能力做而實際上沒有做 needn‘t+have done本來不必做的事,實際上卻做了 might have done本來可以做而實際上未做。may(might)+have done表示對過去的推測,多用在陳述句,意為―也許;可能……‖。用might 比用 may 語氣更加委婉。would+have done 用于虛擬條件句中,表示與過去事實相反。He ought not to have taken the old clothes away.他不該把舊衣服帶走。(事實上已帶走。)The street is wet.It must have rained last night.路面是濕的,昨天晚上肯定下雨了。Page No.147 If I could have stopped, there wouldn‘t have been an accident.如果我能夠停下來,事故就不會發生了。I needn‘t have gone to the office yesterday.昨天我沒必要去辦公室。Please don‘t do that.You might both have been caught and killed!請不要那樣做。你們倆很有可能被抓住然后被殺掉!易混辨析should/ought to ①兩者均有―應該‖之意,should多表示說話人主觀建議,ought to多表示道義和責任。Doctors and nurses should take good care of patients.醫生和護士應該仔細照顧病人。You shouldn‘t drink and drive.你不該喝了酒還開車。Page No.148 You ought to be blushed at your conduct.你應該為你自己的行為感到羞愧。②兩者均可表示預測,意為―應該會,可能‖。We should/ought to arrive there before dark.我們應該會在天黑前到達那里。It‘s twelve o‘clock now.She should/ought to have already got there.現在已經12點了。她應該已經到那里了。聯想拓展should的其他用法: ①虛擬從句中,表示―假如;萬一‖;If you should change your mind, do let we know.如果你想要改變主意,讓我們知道。In case you should need any help, here is my number.假如你需要任何幫助,給我打電話,這是我的電話號碼。Page No.149 ②應該,必須She recommended that/she(should)take some time off.她建設應該休假。③表示驚訝,遺憾。It‘s strange that she should have done such a thing.她能做好這樣的事情,真讓人覺得奇怪。高手過招 單項填空 ①—I missed the first part of the film.It was really a pity.—Youhome half an hour earlier.(2010·福建廈門一輪檢測)A.should have leftB.must have left C.should leaveD.must leave ②—Do you think he is lazy? —Iso once, but I don‘t now.(2010·浙江杭州一輪檢測)A.may have thoughtB.can have thought C.may thinkD.might think Page No.150 ①解析:選A。第一句句意為:我錯過了這部電影的第一部分,真遺憾。根據第一句,答句的句意應為:你本應該提前半小時出家門。故選A。②解析:選A。從答語可知,空格處的意思是―曾經這樣想過‖,即對過去情況作推測,故應用―情態動詞+動詞完成時‖;又因為 can 表推測時不用于肯定句中,故選A。Page No.151 必修Page No.152 Unit 1 Cultural relics Page No.153 核心單詞 1.survivevi.生還,幸存;流傳下來;幸免vt.經歷……而幸存;比……活的時間長 常用結構:survive on sth.靠……生存(意思等同于live on sth.)survive sb.(by...)比某人多活…… Page No.154 Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.在這次撞車事故受傷的6個人中,只有2個人活了下來。I can‘t survive on $20 a week.每周20美元無法維持我的生活。Few buildings in Beichuan County survived the big earthquake on May 12, 2008.在2008年5月12日的大地震中,北川縣殘留的建筑物寥寥無幾。She survived her husband by ten years.她丈夫去世后她又活了10年。聯想拓展survival n.存活,幸存;殘存;遺留;舊風俗 survivor n.生還者,幸存者 Page No.155 高手過招完成句子(原創)①The old couple從戰爭中幸存下來).②His only chance of(生存)was a heart transplant.③In the terrible accident, there were no(幸存者).答案:①survived the war ②survival ③survivors Page No.156 2.select vt.挑選;選擇 易混辨析select/choose/elect/pick out 四個詞均含有―選譯‖之意。select強調在廣泛的范圍內進行―精選或淘汰‖,側重以客觀為標準進行選擇。choose為普通用詞,側重根據個人意愿和判斷從眾多的對象中進行選擇,著重指被選者的優點。elect指按照一定的規章和法律,用投票方式進行的慎重的選擇。pick out為口語用詞,強調―從個人角度在眾多事物之中進行挑選‖,有時含有―任意選擇‖的意思。Page No.157 高手過招選詞填空(select/choose/elect/pick)①Pleasea good book for me.②Shea diamond ring from the collection.③Weour monitor by a show of hands.④Shethe red sweater rather than the pink one.答案:①pick ②selected ③elected ④chose Page No.158 3.design n.設計;圖案;構思 vt.設計;計劃;構思 常用結構:by design=on purpose有意地,故意地be designed to do...目的是做……;被打算做…… be designed for...為……而打算/設計 I like the design of that rug.我喜歡那塊地毯的圖案。A new highway between the two cities is being designed.這兩個城市之間的一條新高速公路正在設計中。The experiment is designed to test the new drug.實驗的目的是測試新的藥品。The house are specially designed for the old people.這些房子是專門為老年人設計的。Page No.159 高手過招 單項填空I like the television programmeeducate not merely entertain.(2009·12·山東青州模塊檢測)A.designed toB.designed for C.is designed toD.is designed for 解析:選A。be designed to do...為固定搭配,意為―目的是‖,為過去分詞短語在句中作后置定語,修飾名詞programme。B、D兩項be designed for中for為介詞,后面需接v.-ing形式或名詞,故排除。Page No.160 4.fancy adj.奇特的;異樣的 vt.想象;設想;愛好 n.想象力;幻想;愛好 常用結構:fancy that...以為是…… fancy oneself自負,自命不凡 fancy(doing)sth.喜歡,想要(做)某事 fancy 用于感嘆句中時表示―沒想到,竟然‖。My sister likes to collect fancy clothes.我姐姐喜歡搜集奇裝異服。I used to fancy what I would like wearing a long snow-like dress.過去我常常想象自己穿著雪白長裙的模樣。Children usually have a lively fancy.Page No.161 孩子們往往擁有豐富的想象力。Many students fancy playing football.很多學生喜歡踢足球。Fancy meeting you here!真沒想到會在這兒遇到你!I fancy(that)it‘s going to rain today.我看今天要下雨。答案: ①to say→saying ②to go→going Page No.162 5.consider vt.考慮;認為 常用結構:consider doing sth./sth.考慮做某事consider sb./sth.as/to be...認為;以為;覺得 consider it+adj.+to do sth...認為做某事是…… We are considering going to Canada.我們正考慮到加拿大去。We consider this(to be)very important.我們認為這非常重要。聯想拓展consideration n.考慮;關心considering prep.考慮到;就……而言 take sth.into consideration考慮(某事)Considering her age, she has done very well.考慮到她的年紀,她已經做得非常好了。Page No.163 高手過招(1)單項填空Charlie Chaplin isto be one of the greatest actors in the world.(2009·02·湖北武漢一中質量檢測)A.RegardedB.believed C.thoughtD.considered(2)翻譯句子(原創)①你是否考慮過如何到達那里? ②他會被認為是個軟弱無能的領導人。解析:(1)選D。考查詞義辨析。think, regard, consider都有―看作‖的意思,然而搭配不同。think一般與of搭配,形成think of...;regard與as搭配,形成regard...as;consider可以與as搭配,形成consider...as,也可以跟不定式,形成consider sb.to do sth.的搭配。(2)①Have you considered how to get there? ②He will be considered a weak leader.Page No.164 6.worth adj.值得(做某事);有(做某事)的價值 n.價值;用處be worth doing sth.值得(做某事);有(做某事)的價值be worth sth.用于―數量、持續時間等‖的名詞之后,表示某物價值多少金額。The new car cost a lot of money, but it‘s certainly worth it.買這輛新汽車花了很多錢, 但確實物有所值。The thieves stole one million pounds worth of jewellery.竊賊偷走了價值100萬英鎊的珠寶。Page No.165 易混辨析worth/worthy/worthwhile ―be worth+n.‖結構中,當名詞為金錢時,表示―……值……錢‖。be worth doing sth.……某事值得被做―be worthy of+n./doing‖當名詞為抽象名詞時,表示 ―……值得……‖。be worthy to be done/be worthy of being done 某事值得被做It is worthwhile to do sth.值得做某事 It is worthwhile doing sth.值得去做某事 It is worthwhile for sb.to do/doing sth.值得某人去做某事The article is worthy of careful study.=The article is worth studying carefully.=The article is worthy of being studied carefully.=The article is worthy to be studied carefully.這篇文章值得仔細學習。Page No.166 高手過招 單項填空 ①This book is worthy oftwice.(2009·12·江蘇南京月考)A.ReadingB.read C.having readD.being read ②He is well skilledplaying the piano, so his music is worth.(2009·12·山東煙臺模塊檢測)A.with;listeningB.with;listening to C.in;listeningD.in;listening to Page No.167 解析: ①選D。be worthy 后可以用不定式的被動語態或of being done結構,而worth后用動名詞的主動語態表達被動概念。②選D。be skilled in也可以用be skilled at后跟名詞或動名詞表示,意思是―在……方面熟練的;在……方面有能力的‖。worth意思是―值得‖,后跟動名詞的主動語態表達被動概念。在句中,music作listen to的邏輯賓語,而listen為不及物動詞,因此to不可以去掉。Page No.168 7.wonder n.[C] 奇跡;奇觀;[U]驚奇,驚嘆 vt.想知道;對……感到好奇 常用結構:in wonder驚奇地 do/work wonders創造奇跡be wonder at對……感到驚訝 be wonder about想弄明白;琢磨 It is a wonder(that)...奇怪的是……第五篇:員工培訓與開發的總結員工培訓與開發課培訓總結一、學習感受在這次培訓中老師的講座、從如何理解新課程目標并恰當設計教學目標、認識新課程之“技術”、新課程內容的認識與梳理三個方面透徹地分析培訓學科的課程建設,讓我感受很深。從信息技術與課程整合課堂現狀、教材處理、案例幾個方面做了深入的分析,讓我對課程的教學方法、模式有了新的認識。老師豐富的教學經驗也讓我對自己的教學內容有了新的定位。作為一名學生必須不斷更新自己的學習觀念,改變舊的、順應新的利于學生發展的學習模式,不斷鉆研教材,學習新理念、新方法,更深入的了解自己,鉆研教材教法,不斷提升自己的學習水平,只有這樣才能適應現代學風的需要。二、共同成長此次的培訓學習,讓我感興趣的是與同學們們的互動式交流、討論,研討中沒有虛假的恭維,只有真知灼見、真實流露;沒有形式上的大話、套話,只有深入思考后的針鋒相對?,F場研討,成為思維交鋒、大家的觀點來的更直接,更真實,在交流中達到共識。共識,在交流中提升;情感,在交流中深化,更好的促進了我們的專業成長與發展。這次培訓內容豐富,學術水平高,充滿著對新課程的深刻闡釋,充滿了教育智慧,使我們開闊了眼界,他們精彩的講座,生動的舉證,全新的理念,無不使我震撼。雖不說短短兩天的培訓會立竿見影,但卻也有許多頓悟。老師們的學識無不使我敬畏,他們引領我在教育教學中進入了更深層次的思考,深感自己的理論素養正在成長。總之,這次培訓使我對教育思想、教學觀念、教育教學理論得到更新,我力爭在今后的教育教學工作中做到學思結合,知行統一,不斷學習、不斷提高、不斷創新,爭取更大的進步!三.培訓課的作用有人說,“長遠的目光、睿智的頭腦、機敏的談吐”是商場上的三大利器。但我想,作為人類交流感情、建立友誼和開展各種活動的橋梁和紐帶的商務禮儀,也同樣是必不可少的第四大利器,甚至從某種程度上來說,它還要較其他利器更為重要。有人把商務禮儀看作是商務人員的敲門磚,有人稱商務禮儀是商務活動的通行證,更有人直言:商務禮儀將決定著商務活動的成敗。商務禮儀的作用,一言以蔽之:內強素質,外塑形象。因此,可以說,商務禮儀是從事商務活動的必備利器。具體說,商務禮儀有以下重要作用:(一)商務禮儀有助于提高商務人員的個人素質市場競爭最終是人員素質的競爭,對商務人員來說,商務人員的素質就是商務人員個人修養的表現。修養體現在細節上,細節展示素質。所謂個人素質,就是在商務交往中待人接物的基本表現,比如在商務交往中,首飾佩戴也要講究一定的原則:必須符合身份,以少為佳,一般不多于三種,每種不多于兩件,同時要注意與服裝搭配的和諧。(二)商務禮儀有助于建立良好的人際關系在商務交往中,人們互相影響,互相作用,相互合作,如果不遵循一定的規范,雙方就缺乏協作的基礎。在眾多的商務規范中,禮儀規范可以使人明白應該怎樣做,不應該怎樣做,哪些可以做,哪些不可以做,有利于確定自我形象,尊重他人,贏得友誼。(三)商務禮儀有助于維護商務人員和企業的形象企業的形象是由該企業的一個個員工表現出來的,好的企業形象有助于企業在激烈的市場競爭中取得有利的地位。商務人員或企業員工的形象就是他的形體外觀和舉止言談在商務交往中在交往對象心目中形成的綜合化,系統化的印象,是影響交往能否融洽,交往能否成功的重要因素。而商務禮儀就是塑造形象的非常重要的手段,如在人際交往中,言談講究禮儀使人文明;舉止講究禮儀使人高雅;行為講究禮儀使人美好;穿著講究禮儀使人增強自信。運用商務禮儀,可以在公眾心目中塑造出良好的組織形象,使企業在激烈的市場競爭中立于不敗之地并產生出很好的社會效應和經濟效益。舉世聞名的微軟公司創始人比爾·蓋茨,據他在哈佛大學的同學史蒂夫回憶說:大學時期的比爾·蓋茨不善交際,缺乏社交熱情,后來為了創辦微軟公司他不得不出席各種聚會和演講會,漸漸地他開始熱衷于社交活動,對社會公益事業也表現出極大的熱誠,他開始認真傾聽周圍人對自己的評價,并不斷努力提升自己的形象,使自己更具有親和力——當然,他做到了,試想一下:如果比爾·蓋茨沒有努力改善形象,沒有吸引并籠絡到一大幫既聰明又有能力的合作者和追隨者,他怎么可能締造出稱雄世界的微軟帝國呢?(四)商務禮儀能增進商務人員之間的感情在商務活動中,隨著交往的深入,雙方可能都會產生一定的情緒體驗。它表現為兩種情感狀態:一是感情共鳴;另一種是情感排斥。禮儀容易使雙方相互吸引,增進感情,促使良好的人際關系的建立和發展。反之,如果不講禮儀,粗俗不堪,那么就容易產生感情排斥,造成人際關系緊張,給對方造成不好的印象。(五)商務禮儀能提高商務活動的效益曾經有人說:如果可口可樂遍及世界各地的工廠在一夜之間被大火燒光的話,那么第二天世界各大媒體的頭條新聞就是:各國銀行及金融巨頭爭先恐后地向可口可樂公司貸款。因為在這個紅色背景上的八個白色字母標記已經深入人心,可口可樂公司的企業形象得到了世界各國的認可。眾所周知,企業形象的好壞,有兩個衡量指標:知名度和美譽度。知名度,通過大量的媒體廣告可以提高;美譽度,實質上由員工素質和先進的管理模式所決定。好形象源于好服務,禮儀服務就是優質服務的重要內容,它通過規范服務人員的儀容,儀表,服務用語,操作程序等,使服務質量具體化,標準化,制度化,使顧客得到一種尊重,信任和感情上的滿足,一但“回頭客”的比重大大增加,就會給企業帶來巨大的經濟效益。四.如何提高自己的修養(一)認識“秀外惠中”的人生道理一個人如果沒有道德、情操、智慧、理想等內在美作為基礎,那么再好的先天條件,再精心的打扮也只能是一種膚淺的美。所以一個人在注重個人儀容、儀表修飾的同時,必須不斷加強自己內在素質的培養。首先,個人禮儀必須以個人修養為基礎。其次,個人禮儀必須以尊敬他人為原則。再次,個人禮儀必須以長遠為方針。(二)提高自身的科學文化素質要不斷地學習提高自身的文化素質以提高禮儀修養。因為隨著經濟的不斷發展,社會的進步,各行各業的素質要求越來越高。如果跟不上時代的步伐,就會被社會所淘汰,所以要不斷地學習。大學生在校期間要斤抓緊時間學習各方面的知識,多讀一些關于禮儀修養的書籍。在學習過程當中,要注意抓住重點,循序漸進,持之以恒,不能半途而廢。(三)努力調控行為與情緒在人的一生中,會面對形形色色的問題,處理多種多樣的矛盾。要創造一個和諧、融洽的人際環境,使人生更為成功,就應遵循一定的個人禮儀規范。要做到對所有的人都采取禮遇的態度,對于別人的失誤或習慣、個性上的弱點應寬容對待,做到體諒、寬宏、尊重。應該避免以為已之所好人亦愛之,以為已所惡人亦厭之,有意無意強迫別人接受自己的觀點或行為,與人交往應遵循以誠相待的準則,應做到相互理解、相互尊重、不即不離、信守諾言、待人以誠、寬容大度。要善于與人溝通,不能只從自己單方面的動機出發,想說什么就說什么,想怎么說就怎么說,而應遵從一定的禮儀規范,達到雙方交流信息、溝通心靈的效果。要牢記人際感情能否溝通,關鍵取決于人的言談舉止。適度的言談舉止,得體的禮貌和風度能使交往雙方感 3到輕松愉快,否則只會令人尷尬和反感。在培養一個有教養的人的過程中,訓練行為與情緒的控制能力,保持優美高雅的言談舉止,養成內外和諧的個體氣質是非常重要(四)讓良好的修養為品質增色人們在評價一個人是否具有具有良好的修養時,往往會從他的禮儀行為上去加以檢驗。個人禮儀要求人們待人文明,舉止有禮,與人為善,這些都是個人修養的主要內容。在社會生活中,一定要加強個人禮儀修養,讓良好的修養為品質增色。首先,要安分守己,不妨礙他人。其次,要行為有序,遵守共同規則。再次,要友善待人,促進相互溝通。(五)積極參加社會實踐要不斷提高自己的修養就要積極參加各種社會實踐活動,避免紙上談兵。應該把學習到的禮儀知識和實踐活動緊密相結合,注意從個人實際出發,靈活運用各種知識。只有通過實踐活動,在實踐的過程中體會知識的真正內涵,逐步融會貫通,然后轉化成為自己的知識,才能 提高自身的素質。俗話說:“眼過千遍,不如手過一遍?!敝挥性趯嵺`中才能將知識融會貫通,也才能加深禮儀規范的領悟和理解。五.感受評價千萬不要覺得這些都離我們很遠,不放在心上,我們馬上就要面臨這些了。等一出學校,找工作,面試,哪一樣不要求我們要有良好的商務禮儀。而時下,大學生的就業壓力越來越大,如何才能在龐大的就業壓力與挑戰中拔得頭籌,如何才能在面試中給主考官留下一個好印象,一直是困擾每個畢業生的最大問題。時下,很多公司在招新人,除了考慮學歷,更會觀察是否有良好的禮儀規范,從最基本的穿著打扮,到言談舉止,主考官可是看的很清楚呢。因此有人說禮儀是面試成功與否的重要砝碼是很有道理的。良好的禮儀表現會給主考官留下最好的第一印象,進而取得他們的好感,尊重與信任,而沒有什么會比信任更為重要了。而能夠在面試的種種細節上表現出良好的素質,相信在與客戶洽談時也一定不會有差錯,同時還能代表公司形象。良好禮儀同時還是人際關系的潤滑劑?,F代企業強調團隊精神,而禮儀可以促進這一力量。好的商務禮儀在人際交往中會給人一種親和力,增進吸引和情感交流,增強信任和了解。當初剛接觸商務禮儀的時候,還對這門課程很懵懂,只覺得這是門簡單的學科,也沒有什么用處,順利拿到學分就好了。但是學習了它之后,讓我越來越重視它,多希望自己能夠掌握全部的禮儀知識,因為它使我提升了自己,慢慢的我融進了這門課程?,F在學期快結束了,說真的,還真舍不得。對老師的印象也很深,幽默,有親和力,并且可以貫穿很多課外 4知識,也拓展了我們的知識面。通過學習商務禮儀,讓我受益匪淺。我想這對我為人處世方面及以后找工作會有很大幫助!不僅給別人留下好的印象,而且提高了我的內在素質,也塑造了我的外在形象,增進了交往?? 下載Web前端開發培訓中es5與es6語法知識點總結.doc 將本文檔下載到自己電腦,方便修改和收藏,請勿使用迅雷等下載。 點此處下載文檔 文檔為doc格式 相關專題 web前端培訓學習總結 web前端開發實訓總結 web前端項目實訓總結 網址:http://www.tmdps.cn/a1/2019051215/3ef300ef805c4ad6.html聲明:本文內容由互聯網用戶自發貢獻自行上傳,本網站不擁有所有權,未作人工編輯處理,也不承擔相關法律責任。如果您發現有涉嫌版權的內容,歡迎發送郵件至:645879355@qq.com 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