第一篇:總結英語常見的音標與發音1
漢語:
聲母一共是23個:b p m f d t n l g k h j q x zh ch sh r z c s y w 韻母:6個單韻母:a o e i u v8個復韻母:ai ei ui ao ou ui ie ve一個特殊韻母:er 5個前鼻音韻母:an en in un vn4個后鼻音韻母:ang eng ing ong 整體認讀音節一共是16個:zhi chi shi ri zi ci si yi wu yu ye yue yuan yin yun ying我們的教學要求是能夠熟練拼讀音節,就可以了。
英語:48個英語音標和26個英語字母:
單音節:有一個音節構成的單詞 如 big face teach 雙音節:由兩個音節構成的單詞 如 china teacher 多音節:由三個或以上的音節構成的單詞
remember necessary
單音節一般重讀,雙音節和多音節至少有一個音節重讀。用'標注。
√ 開音節:1 絕對: 輔音+元音 單個元音字母后沒有輔音字母的重讀音節 如 no she he we 特殊(try by dry fly)
相對:輔音/元音+元音+輔音+e 一個元音字母后加單個輔音字母,在加一個不發音元音字母e。(以e結尾的)Name these bike home
以元音字母結尾的音節叫做開音節。在開音節中,元音字母發他們本身的音。a e i(y)o u 閉音節: 輔音/元音+元音+輔音/元音+ 輔音+ 輔音
單個元音字母后又輔音字母組成的 重讀音節(r w y 除外)如 bag draw begin
(1)元音字母在開音節中的發音: 就是字母本身的發音。如 take,age,eve these time ice home bone use huge 16 個輔音字母的發音 h 在某些單詞中不發音:如 hour honor 2 n 在音素[k]前發[長n] 如ink thank uncle 1 B be bake tude bone bite bride brake 2 P pile pipe pine plane hope tape 3 T tape time take tube type tone date fate plate 4 D date dive hide wide bride dove fade 5 K kite bike like lake bake wake snake kate 6 G F fate life wife fine fly fame flame frame 8 V vote five dive eve 9 H home he hi hate 10 J joke jeep just joy jack 11 L like late lame line life hole pole pale apple 12 M mate mine male lame time fame 13 N name no note nine fine bone line stone 14 R rape role ride rope rate pride prize fry 15 W we wake wave woke wife 16 Y yes yellow you your 17 Z zone zoo prize 元音字母在重讀閉音節字母的發音
A [ei] e [e]
i[i] 0[э:] u[反v] 如果a前面是音素【W】a 發【э】want watch what quantity wash
輔音字母在單詞中的發音: C 主要兩種 【s】 【k】
在字母e,i、y前發【s】:nice mice face city cycle
在其他情況下 發【k】 cake coke close cube crime G 發【d?】和【g】
在字母e、i、y前發【d?】 page hge age biology giraffe
在其他情況下發【g】 go gate grade globe big bag S 發音【s】 【z】
一般詞首發【s】 sit study so side
在清輔音錢發【s】(發音時聲帶不震動的音)vest risk grasp
Ss發【s】 miss less
在元音后發【s】【z】都有 us plus this gas base 【z】is as nose close X 發音【ks】 【gz】
發【ks】為主 box six text except exercise
發【gz】很少 exam exact exist example
Q 總是與字母u一起出現一起發音:【kw】 quite quilt quit quick question
開音節與閉音節對比讀音
No-not-note,fate-fat, site-sit, hop-hope,hide-hid, hat-hate, quit-quite,bite-bit, win-wine, plane-plan, rid-ride, no-on
元音字母與字母-r 結合的發音:ar【a:】 or【э:】 er、ir、ur【З:】 如 car arm for born storm her serve herb girl bird skirt fur burn burst 多音節中也適用。但是其后面的重讀r-音節后面緊接著元音字母(y當元音)或r+元音字母,則按閉音節發音。如:cigar important university
very mary forest carry hurry sorry carrot Ar前是音素【w】時發【э:】 war warm warn quarter Or前 是音素[w]時發 【反ê:】word work world worse worst
輔音字母組合發音練習:
Ch【k】 back luck clock duck sick jacket Ch【t∮】 charge check much church china [k]school christmas chemistry chemical chemist Tch[【t∮】 match watch kitchen catch fetch Sh 【∮】 ship shop shut short shirt fish
tap-tape,us-use, Ph[f] phone phrase photo physics telephone Gh【-】 eight weigh high light caught [f] enough cough laugh Th[Θ] think thank math thick thin three tenth [e] this these those them the with father Wh【 w】 which when what where white while 【h】 who whose whom whole Ng 【η】 sing sang sung song bring long strong singer 【ηg】 angry english longest stronger 【ηdЗ】change strange Tr【tr】 truck trick strike track trade trap Dr【dr】 drive drove dress dry drop Ts【ts】cats its that’s Ds【dz】 hands beds birds yards Mb詞尾【m】 bomb comb tomb climb Kn詞首【n】 knife know knew knee Wr【r】 write wrong wrap wrist wrinkle Gu【g】 guide guard 非重讀音節元音字母發音
在不重讀音節中一般來說a o u ar or er ir ur都發【?】y發【i】;如 china,better,beside,important 兩個元音字母間的輔音字母歸屬問題、i、e 兩個元音字母間有一個輔音字母的,往往屬于后面的音節;兩個元音字母間有兩個相同的或非組合的輔音字母,前一個屬于前面,后一個屬于后面;兩個元音字母間有三個輔音字母的情況很少的。Super supper later latter 元音之間有兩個相同輔音字母的,前面重讀音節是閉音節。多音節的無法按以上規律分析,比如第一個音節重讀的三個音節的單詞,重讀音節大多按照閉音節規律發音,輔音字母屬于第一音節。如 elephant element general。
多音節中,重讀音節前面還有兩個以上音節時,還要出現次重讀音節,(與重讀音節隔了一個音節),元音字母在次重讀音節中與重讀音節相同。如 invi'tation insti'tution 元音字母在重讀音節或者非重讀音節中的特殊發音
U 在重讀開音節中發【u:】如 june july junior rule ruler ruin true pollute U 在重讀閉音節中發【u】如 bush butcher full push put U 在非重讀音節中發【ju】如 popular calculate monument U 在非重讀音節中發【ju:】 menu value educate communicate U 在非重讀形容詞ful中發【u】 thankful careful hopeful 字母o 的其他發音
1重讀開閉音節中【u:】 do to lose move shoe whose 2【u】whom wolf woman 3【反v】 come love none front
相對開音節少數特殊的發音 少數詞根或非合成詞按非重讀音節讀音(閉音節):如 opposite,medicine,examine,engine,determine,practice.2 少數a和age發【i】 如chocolate necklace fortunate comrade climate accurate 3-tive 詞根發【tive】-sive發【sive】如 active passive native sensitive 4 e 在非重讀音節或詞根中發【?】 如-ment,-ent,ence,en。
含有元音字母的常見字母組合發音 Are【ε?】 care share prepare Air【ε?】 air hair chair fair upstair Ear【i?】 ear dear near fear appear
[?:]early earn earth
[ε?] pear tear bear
[a:] heart Ire[aiC] fire hire require Ere[i?】 here atmosphere
[??] there where Ore [э:] score bore store shore more ignore Ure[ju?] sure pure cure
Ture [t∮?]picture agriculture temperature future Sure [З?] treasure pleasure Eer [i?】 cheer beer volunteer Oor [э:] door floor [u?】 poor Our 【au?] our hour flour [o:] four your mourn [?] neighbour colour
[u?] tour
[?:] journey journalist
Au [o:] cause applaud august autumn [o] because Augh [o:] caught taught daughter naughty Aw [o:] law draw straw raw dawm Ai [ei] afraid wait fail rain train
[e] said
[?] curtain [i] captain mountain Ay [ei] day today may pay Al [o:] all tall fall ball small [a:] half calm palm
[?l] festival several natural medical
labour honour
[O:l] always also salt Ass[a:s] class glass pass brass Ast[a:st] fast last past cast Ance [a:ns] dance glance advance Ea [i:] tea team seat read bean [e] ready weather breakfast head
[ei] great break steak
[i?] real idea Ee [i:] bee green three sleep keep
[ Ey [ei] they obey grey
[i:] key keyboard Ei [i:] receive seize
[ai] neither either Eigh [ei] eight neighbor height weigh weight Ew [ ju:] new few knew
[u:] flew drew crew chew Ie [i:] piece niece thief relief chief
[ai?] science variety quiret diet [ai] die lie tie pie
[ e] friend Igh
[ai] high light right bright night sight flight Oa [?u] coat boat goat coast throat soap road load
[o:] broad Oar
[o:]
board aboard blackboard Oi
[эi] noise oil soil voice join point choice Oy [oi] boy joy toy employ Oo [ u:] cool pool food zoo too school moon noodle [ u] book look cook took good wool foot [v反] blood flood Ou [au] out about house found mouth mouse ground [v反】 young country double touch enough [ u:] you group [?u] soul shoulder
Ough [o:] tought ought brought fought
[u:] through
[?u] though although
[反vf] rough enough Ow [au] cow how however flower down
[?u] know snow slow low show
town borrow
英語字母及字母組合的發音規則
一、元音字母在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母 讀 音 例 詞 a 在開音節中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在閉音節中 [?] bag dad hat map black back e 在開音節中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在閉音節中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在開音節中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在閉音節中 fish big drink sit milk swim o 在開音節中 [ou] those close go hoe home no 在閉音節中 [C] clock not box shop sock u 在開音節中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在閉音節中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch
在開音節中,元音字母u在輔音字母j l r s后面時讀[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
二、元音字母在重讀音節中的特殊讀音
元音字母 讀 音 例 詞
a在[w]音后面 [C] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd-ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st-ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother
三、元音字母在非重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母 讀 音 例 詞
a [E]E China another woman breakfast orange comrade village cabbage e [E] hundred student open weekend chicken pocket begin children i [E]/ holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite
o [E] second tonight somebody welcome [Eu] also zero photo u [E] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
動詞中的a如果處在開音節位置,a讀[ei]音,例如:operate
u處在開音節位置,又在輔音字母j l r s后面時,讀[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 在非重讀音節中,許多單詞中的元音字母a e i 即可以讀作[E]音,也可以讀作音。
四、-r音節元音字母組合在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母組合 讀 音 例 詞
ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener [C:] warm quarter towards
or在[w]音后面 [C:] forty morning short [E:] word worker worse
er ir ur [E:] certainly bird Thursday
輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的元音字母不能與r構成-r音節,而是按重讀閉音節的拼讀規則發音。例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音節在非重讀音節中通常讀[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音節元音字母組合在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母組合 讀 音 例 詞
are [εE] care dare hare ere [iE] here mere ire [aiE] fire hire wire ore [C:] more score before ure [juE] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出現在非重讀音節中,ure在非重讀音節中讀[E]音,例如:picture pleasure 重讀元音字母加R,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應按-re音節拼讀規則拼讀,字母R讀[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用詞及多音節詞經常出現長音短化現象。例如:Orange very American paragraph
六、元音字母組合在重讀音節中的讀音
元音字母組合 讀 音 例 詞
ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [εE] air hair chair pair repair alal在f m前 [C] small ball talk wall all [C:l] always also salt almost [α:] half calm
au/aw [C:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great
ear [iE] hear dear near clear year [εE] bear pear wear swear [E:] earth learn early ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [iE] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew在j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew jewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [C:] roar board door floor oi/oy [Ci] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school book look cook foot good
ou/ow [au] flower house count down [ou] know row throw though [∧] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [C:] course your four [auE] our hour ours [E:] journey
ui在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit
七、非重讀音節中元音字母組合和字群的讀音
元音字母組合或字群讀音例詞
ai/ay ei/ey Sunday foreign monkey ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字組在非重讀音節中讀[E]音或。例如:neighbor serious famous biscuit coffee-sion-tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion-tion在s后 [tFEn] question suggestion-sten [sn] listen-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure-ture [tFE] picture culture
八、元音字母組合在復合詞非重讀音節中的讀音
復合詞中的第二部分不標注重音符號,但其中的元音字母或元音字母組合仍按重讀音節拼讀規則拼讀。例如: everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[C:]
有些詞隨著語言的發展,前后兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞。其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節的讀音規則發音。例如: sun太陽 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday 假日 break中斷 + fast[α:]齋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜
九、輔音字母組合的讀音
輔音字母組合 讀 音 例 詞
b bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb
cc在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music [s] face decide cinema ch [tF] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [F] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day-dge [dV] bridge fridge dr-[dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast gg在e i/y前 [^] bag garden go [dV] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high
gu--guegu在非重讀音節中 [^] guess league dialogue [^w] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest
j [dV] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn-[n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn-mn [m] autumn column solemn nn在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note [N] uncle thank hungry-ng [N] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq
qu-[kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler
s在詞首或清輔音前元音字母間或濁輔音前 [s] sit sleep desk [z] music husband sc-[sk] scarlet [s] muscle science sh [F] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情況下在弱讀字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet [F] patient nation tch [tF] watch
th在通常情況下在冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞中在詞尾-the-ther中 [θ] thin thirty method [T] the these with than [T] clothe fathe r weather tr-[tr] tree train country truck v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] Answer two
wh-wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole
x在重讀元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] example exist exact wr-[r] write
y-[j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo
第二篇:英語音標發音
一、英語音標發音表
英語國際音標共48個音素,其中元音音素20個,輔音音素28個。對于初學者來說,若采用集中教學,要學會48個音素的發音并區別開。確實不易。筆者對音標的教學采用了相對集中的方法,即從字母名稱教學過渡到部分音標教學。
國際音標(英語語音)元音單元音前元音
[i:] [i] [e] [?]
中元音 [?] [?:] [?]
后元音 [u:] [u] [?:] [?] [a:] 雙元音開合雙元音
[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u]ou [au]ao集中雙元音 [i?] [ε?]ea [u?]ue輔音爆破音清輔音
[p] [t] [k]
濁輔音 [b] [d] [g]
摩擦音清輔音
[f] [s] [?] [θ] [h] 濁輔音
[v] [z] [?] [e]
破擦音清輔音
[t?] [tr] [ts]
濁輔音
[d?] [dr] [dz]
鼻音(濁輔音)[m] [n] [?]
舌則音(濁輔音)[l] [r]
半元音(濁輔音)[w] [j]
二、48個國際音標的發音—元音:
1、【i:】嘴唇微微張開,舌尖抵下齒,嘴角向兩邊張開,露出微笑的表情,與字母E的發音相同。元音因素的發音方法:
1)舌尖抵下齒,舌前部向硬顎盡量抬起。2)嘴唇向兩旁伸開,成扁平形。
3)/ i:/為長元音,“:”是長音符號,比相應的短元音要長兩倍以上。4)發音字母:eeea e ieei例詞 three tree green sheep meet beef see eat tea meat leave teacher team mean speak clean please he she me piece receive
2、【i】發音時
1)舌前部向硬顎抬起比/ i: /低些。2)唇形扁平,牙床開得比/ i: /寬。3)下顎稍下垂,舌前部也稍下降。
4)發音字母:i y e 例詞 sit picture it is list six pig big build miss many twenty happy dictionary decide delicious
3、【e】發音時
1)舌尖抵下齒,舌前部稍抬起,比/ I /低。
2)唇形中長,牙床開工得比/ I /寬,上下齒間隔一個食指。
3)發音字母:ea
e
a 例詞 head bread sweater breakfast heavy
pleasure elephant remember sell lesson better
bed
desk
hotel yesmany any
4、【?】發音時
1)舌尖抵下齒。
2)上下唇向兩旁伸開,成扁平形,牙床張開至上下齒音可容納食指和中指的寬度。
3)發音字母:a 例詞 bag hand and ant happy hat map black back glad flag ma
5、【?】發音時
1)舌后部的前部分稍抬起,舌尖和舌端兩側觸下齒,雙唇向兩旁平伸。2)唇成扁形。3)發音字母:u o ouoo:
up supper lunch fun run hunt
cup
bus come mother dose brother love above trouble blood
6、【a: 】發音時1)口張大,舌身影放平后縮,舌尖離開下齒。
2)/ a: /為長元音,不要發得太短,長度比短元音長兩倍多。
3)發音字母:ar a 例詞
car farm card arm garden ask fast class last glass aunt
7、【?】發音時
1)口張大,舌身盡量降低并后縮。2)雙唇稍收圓。
3)發音字母:o a 例詞 orange hot lost lot fox box hop lot not want what wash watch
8、【?:】發音時
1)口張大,舌發部抬得比發 /?/時高,雙唇收得更圓更小并用力向前突出。2)發音時要比發 /?/時長。3)發音字母:al ar au or our oor例詞 all small wall talk tall ball call walk warm quarter daughter autumn short horse for forty sport
door floor store four your door floor
9、【u】發音時
1)舌后部向軟顎抬起,舌身向后縮,舌尖離下齒。2)雙唇收圓,略向前突出。
3)發音字母:ooou u o例詞 look
good
foot
book wood could wouldput full
pull push woman
wolf
10、【u:】發音時
1)雙唇較/u/收得更圓更小,且向前突出,舌后部比/u/抬得更高。2)發音時要比/u/長度更長。
3)發音字母:oo o u例詞 too zoo food school room goose tooth who do two to shoe whose true truth blue full
11、【 ?:】發音時
1)舌身平放,舌中部稍抬,但比發/?/時略高。雙唇扁平。2)發 / ?:/ 時比發/?/時長度長。
3)發音字母:irur
ear
er
or例詞 girl shirt
skirt thirty thirteen third
bird turn
burn
murder
nurse
turtle purple Thursday learn
early earth heard term
her work worker word world
12、【?】發音時
1)唇舌應自然,口腔肌肉放松,牙床半開。2)/?/永不重讀,在詞尾發音時應稍長。
3)發音字母:er or o a
e
urure例詞 teacher
under remember player father mother farmer after doctor
actor forget together tomorrow today lesson welcome policeman
around about ago elephant
away banana China student children open different Saturday picture
13、【ei】發音時
1)口形由/e /向/ eI /滑動。2)下顎向上合攏,舌位隨之抬高。
3)發音字母:a ay aieyea例詞
name cake late gate plane
April
play say may way
day away rain
paint
eight eighteen eighty they grey great break
14、【ai】發音時
1)舌尖抵住下齒。
2)從/ a:/的部位向/ I /滑動。
3)發音字母:i
y igh例詞 bike fine find hi nine
five rice write like my try fly by
15、【? i】發音時
1)舌位在 /?/和/?:/之間。
2)由上述部位向/ I /滑動,由圓唇變成扁唇。
3)發音字母:oyoi例詞 boy toy toilet oil noise
16、【?u】發音時
1)舌尖稍觸下齒由/ ?/滑向/u /,雙唇收圓。2)從/ ? /出發,然后雙唇收圓也能發出此音。
3)發音字母:o owoa例詞 home cold go no phone host ghost know yellow below throw blow show row
boat
coat
goat
17、【au】發音時1)由/ ? /向/ u /滑動時雙唇漸漸收圓,舌后部稍抬起。
2)發音字母:ouow例詞 house out about ground count sound blouse around mouse flower down now cowhow town brown
18、【i?】發音時
1)由/ I /很快滑向/ ? /。2)發/ I /時唇扁平。
3)發音字母:eer ear ere 例詞 beer deer ear
near dear here
19、【ε? 】發音時
1)/ ε/舌位高度在/ e/與/ ? /之間,發音時舌尖觸下齒。2)由/ ε/很快滑向/ ? /。3)發音字母:ear air ere eir例詞pear bear chair air there where their theirs
20、【u?】發音時
1)由/ u / 很快滑向/? /。2)注意不要將/ u /發成/ u:/。3)發音字母:ure例詞 sure
三、輔音因素的發音方法:
1、【p】發音時
1)雙唇緊閉。
2)然后突然分開,氣流沖出口腔,送氣要強。/p/是清輔音,發音時聲帶不振動。peach
pig
pink
purple
map
2、【 b】發音時 1)緊閉雙唇。
2)然后突然分開,氣流沖出口腔。/ b /是濁輔音,發音時聲帶振動。bee big bye
black
bed
bear
book
banana
3、【t】發音時
1)舌尖緊貼上齒齦形成阻礙。
2)舌尖突然下降,氣流沖出口腔。送氣要強。/ t /是清輔音,發音時聲帶不振動。two too to boat
ten
twelve
4、【 d 】發音時與發/ t /時相同
1)舌尖緊貼上齒齦,形成阻礙。2)舌尖突然下降,氣流從口腔沖出。/ d /是濁輔音,發音時聲帶振動。bed
dad
do
need
duck
head
5、【 k】發音時
1)舌后部抬起,緊貼軟顎,形成阻礙。
2)舌后部突然離開,氣流沖出口腔。送氣要強。/ k /是清輔音,發音時聲帶不振動。(k、c、ck)come
cap
cat
bike
cake
black
duck
6、【g】發音時
1)舌后部抬起緊貼軟顎,形成阻礙。
2)舌后部突然離開,氣流沖出口腔。
/g/ 是濁輔音,發音時聲帶振動。bag
pig
dog
egg
girl
7、【θ】發音時
1)舌尖舌端抬起貼住上齒齦后部,形成阻礙。
2)氣流沖破阻礙,舌尖舌端離開上齒齦后部,但舌與上齒齦間須保持一個縫隙,發出摩擦的聲音。three
mouth
8、【 e 】發音時
1)舌尖舌端抬起貼住上齒齦后部,形成阻礙。
2)氣流沖破阻礙,舌尖舌端離開上齒齦后部,但舌與上齒齦保持一個縫隙,發出摩擦的聲音。/ e /是濁輔音,發音時聲帶振動。With
9、【f 】發音時
1)下唇輕觸上齒,氣流由唇齒間的縫隙間通過,引起摩擦。2)/ f /是清輔音,發音時聲帶不振動。fish
frog
foot
face
farm
10、【 v】發音時
1)舌位與發/ f /時相同。
2)/ v /是濁輔音,發音時帶聲振動。vest
very
live
leave
11、【? 】發音時舌尖輕抵上齒背,氣流由舌齒間的縫隙中泄出,形成摩擦音。ship
sheep
shop
she
12、【? 】發音時
1)舌位與發/ ? /時相同。2)/ ? /濁輔音,發音時聲帶振動。measure
pleasure
13、【s 】發音時
1)舌端靠近齒齦,氣流由舌端與齒齦間泄出,形成摩擦音。2)/ s /是清輔音,發音時聲帶不振動。snake
sing
face
14、【 z】發音時
1)舌位與發/ s /時相同。2)/ z /時濁輔音,發音時聲帶振動。zoo
zebra
15、【t?】發音時
1)舌尖和舌端向上齒齦后部抬起,舌身緊靠上顎,形成狹長通道,氣流由此通道通過,形成摩擦音。2)/ t? /是清輔音,發音時聲帶不振動。Chinses China
peach
beach
chicken
16、【d?】發音時
1)舌位與發/ t? /時相同。
2)/ d? /是濁輔音,發音時聲帶振動。orange
juice
17、【 h】發音時
1)氣流自由逸出口腔,只在通過聲門時發出輕微的摩擦,稱聲門摩擦音。2)發音時口形隨后面的元音而變化。
3)發音時聲帶不振動。hen
house
horse
hand
hair
18、【m】 /發音時
1)雙唇閉攏,軟顎下垂,氣流從鼻腔泄出。2)在詞尾時須略為延長,以防吞音。
3)/ m /是濁輔音,發音時聲帶振動。monkey
milk
some
come
game
19、【n】發音時
1)舌尖緊貼上齒齦,形成阻礙,軟顎下垂,氣流從鼻腔泄出。2)在詞尾時須略為延長,以防吞音。
3)/ n /是濁輔音,發音時聲帶振動。nose
son
sun
run
chicken
pen
20、【? 】發音時1)舌位與發/ k /,/ g /音相同,但軟顎下垂,堵住口腔通道,氣流從鼻腔泄出。2)/ ? /是濁輔音,發音時聲帶振動。king sing
English
21、【 l 】舌側音雖只有一個,但分成清晰/ l /和含糊/ l /兩種發音。清晰/ l /出現在元音前面加letter,little,light等。發音時舌前向硬顎抬起。含糊/ l /出現在輔音前節詞尾如:belt,small,apple,table等。發音時,舌前下陷,舌后上抬,舌面引成凹槽。含糊/ l /發音響亮和元音一樣可以延長。
22、【r 】發音時
1)舌尖向上齦后部卷起,舌前部下陷,略成凹形,舌身兩側收攏,雙唇略突出,氣流由舌面與硬顎間泄出。
2)/r /是摩擦音可以延長,而發音器官位置不變。rabbit
red
rice
23、【j 】發音時
1)舌前部向硬顎盡量抬起,雙唇向兩旁伸展成扁平形。2)發音時聲帶振動。yes
yellow
you
24、【 w】發音時
1)舌后部向軟顎抬起,雙唇收得很圓很小,并向前突出。2)發音時聲帶振動。
3)音一經發出,立即向后面的元音滑動。water
watermelon
white
另注:
1、/ts/ /dz/是傳統的國際音標讀音符號,新課本中美式、英式讀音都沒將其包括在內,破擦音/ts/、/dz/分別是字母組合ts和ds的讀音。舌端齒齦破擦輔音。舌端先貼住齒齦,堵住氣流,然后略下降,氣流送出口腔。/ts/是清輔音,/dz/是濁輔音。
2、/tr/ /dr/是傳統的國際音標讀音符號。新課本中美式、英式讀音都沒將其包括在內。/tr/、/dr/分別是tr、dr的發音。齒齦后部破擦輔音。發音時舌身與/r/相似,舌尖貼齒齦后部,氣流沖破阻礙發出短促的/t/后立即發/r/。/tr/是清輔音,/dr/是濁輔音。
[i] 嘴唇微微張開,舌尖抵下齒,舌前部抬高,嘴形扁平。[?:] 嘴形扁平,上下齒微開,舍身平放,舌中部稍稍抬高。
[?] 嘴唇微微張開,舌身放平,舌中部微微抬起,口腔自然放松發聲。[?:] 雙唇收得小而圓,并向前突出,舌身往后縮。[?] 口腔打開,嘴張大,舌頭向后縮,雙唇稍收圓。[u:] 嘴形小而圓,微微外突,舌頭盡量后縮。
[u] 嘴唇張開略向前突出,嘴形稍收圓并放松些,舌頭后縮。
[ɑ:] 口腔打開,嘴張大,舌身放平,舌尖不抵下齒,下巴放低,放松發音。[?] 嘴唇微微張開,伸向兩邊,舌尖輕觸下齒,舌后部稍稍抬起。[?] 嘴張大,嘴角盡量拉向兩邊,成扁平形,舌尖抵下齒。[e] 嘴形扁平,舌尖抵下齒,舌前部稍抬起。
[ei] 由[e]和[i]兩個單音組成,[e]重讀,[i]輕讀,口形由半開到合,字母A就發這個音。[ai] 由[a]和[i]兩個單音組成,[a]重讀,[i]輕讀,口形由開到合,與字母I的發音相同。[?i] 由[?]和[i]兩個單音組成,[?]重讀,[i]輕讀,口形由圓到扁,由開到合。[au] 由[a]和[u]兩個單音組成,[a]重讀,[u]輕讀,口型由大到小。
[?u] 由[?]和[u]兩個單音組成,[?]重讀,[u]輕讀,口形由半開到小,與字母O的發音相同。[i?] 由[i]和[?]兩個單音組成,[i]重讀,[?]輕讀,雙唇始終半開。
[e?] 由[e]和[?]兩個單音組成,[e]重讀,[?]輕讀,舌端抵下齒,雙唇半開。[u?] 由[u]和[?]兩個單音組成,[u]重讀,[?]輕讀,雙唇由收圓到半開。
48個國際音標的發音—輔音:
[p]雙唇緊閉,然后快速張開,讓氣流沖出口腔,發出爆破音,但聲帶不振動。[b]雙唇緊閉,然后快速張開,讓氣流沖出口腔,發出爆破音,但聲帶需振動。[t]舌尖抵上齒齦,憋住氣,然后突然彈開舌尖,讓氣流從口腔噴出,但聲帶不振動。[d]舌尖抵上齒齦,憋住氣,然后彈開舌尖,讓氣流從口腔中噴出,但聲帶需振動。[k]舌后部抵住軟腭,憋住氣,然后突然間離開,將氣送出來,想咳嗽一樣,但聲帶不震動。[ɡ]舌后部抵住軟腭,憋住氣,然后突然間離開,將氣送出來,但聲帶需振動。[s]雙唇微微張開,舌頭自然放松,氣流從上下齒隙間送出,但聲帶不振動。[z]雙唇微微張開,舌頭自然放松,氣流從上下齒隙間送出,但聲帶需振動。[?]雙唇收圓并稍微突出,舌尖接近上齒齦,送氣,聲帶不振動。
[?]雙唇收圓并稍微突出,舌頭稍微上卷,舌尖接近上齒齦,送氣,但聲帶需振動。[t?]雙唇略微張開突出,舌尖抵住上齒齦,用力吐氣,聲帶不振動。[d?]雙唇略微張開突出,舌尖抵住上齒齦,用力吐氣,但聲帶需振動。[f]上齒輕輕接觸下唇,然后吹氣,讓氣流從唇齒間通過,形成摩擦,但聲帶不振動。[v]上齒輕輕接觸下唇,然后吹氣,讓氣流從唇齒間通過,形成摩擦,但聲帶需振動。[θ]舌尖微微伸出,上下齒輕輕咬住舌尖,送氣,但聲帶不振動。[e]上下齒輕輕咬住舌尖,送氣,但聲帶需振動。
[ts]舌尖先抵住上齒,堵住氣流,使氣流從舌尖和齒齦間送出,聲帶不振動。[dz]舌尖先抵住上齒,堵住氣流,使氣流從舌尖和齒齦間送出。
[tr]雙唇收圓向前突出,舌尖上翹抵住上齒齦,采取伐[r]的姿勢,聲帶不振動。[dr]雙唇收圓向前突出,舌尖上翹抵住上齒齦,采取伐[r]的姿勢,但聲帶振動。[h]嘴唇自然張開,自然呵氣,聲帶不振動。
[r]舌尖向上卷起,舌頭不要接觸任何部位,雙唇稍微突出,聲帶振動。[l]舌尖抵住上齒齦,舌尖輕微用力彎曲,氣流從舌的旁邊送出。—鼻音
[m]雙唇緊閉,舌頭平放,氣流從鼻腔送出,聲帶振動。[n]雙唇微開,舌尖抵上齒齦,氣流從鼻孔里出來,聲帶振動。[?]雙唇張開,舌尖抵上齒齦,氣流從鼻腔送出,聲帶振動。—輔音
[w]雙唇縮小并向前突出,舌后部抬起,嘴慢慢向兩邊滑開。[j]嘴形成微笑狀,舌尖抵住下齒,舌面貼住上顎,聲帶需振動
第三篇:英語音標發音規則
英語音標發音規則
一,元音字母在重讀音節中的讀音 元音字母 讀 音 例 詞 a 在開音節中
[ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在閉音節中
[?] bag dad hat map black back e 在開音節中
[i:] he these me Chinese 在閉音節中
[e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在開音節中
[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在閉音節中
[i] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在開音節中
[?u] those close go hoe home no 在閉音節中
[?] clock not box shop sock u 在開音節中
[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在閉音節中
[?]bus cup jump much lunch 在開音節中,元音字母u在輔音字母j l r s后面時讀[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super 二,元音字母在非重讀音節中的讀音 元音字母 讀 音 例 詞 a [?] China another woman breakfast [i] orange comrade village cabbage e [?] hundred student open weekend [?:] nerve serve term [i] chicken pocket begin children i [i] holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite o [?] second tonight somebody welcome [?u] also zero photo u [?] autumn difficult [ju:] popular congratulation January 動詞中的a如果處在開音節位置,a讀[ei]音,例如:operate u處在開音節位置,又在輔音字母j l r s后面時,讀[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 三,元音字母在重讀音節中的特殊讀音 元音字母 讀 音 例 詞
a在[w]音后面
[?] want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[a:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd-ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st-ld前
[?u] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前
[?] come monkey love mother 四,-r音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音 元音字組 讀 音 例 詞 ar ar在[w]音后面
[a:] car farm dark sharpener [?:] warm quarter towards or or在[w]音后面
[?:] forty morning short [?:] word worker worse er ir ur [?:] certainly bird Thursday 輔音字母r雙寫時,前面的元音字母不能與r構成-r音節,而是按重讀閉音節的拼讀規則發音.例如: carry sorry hurry-r音節在非重讀音節中通常讀[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 五,-re音節元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音 元音字組 讀 音 例 詞 are [??] care dare hare ere [i?] here mere ire [ai?] fire hire wire ore [?:] more score before ure [ju?] pure cure are ere ire ore很少出現在非重讀音節中,ure在非重讀音節中讀[?]音,例如:picture pleasure 重讀元音字母加Rr,再加非重讀元字組時,重讀元音字母應按-re音節拼讀規則拼讀,字母Rr讀[r]音.例如:parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用詞及多音節詞經常出現長音短化現象.例如:orange very American paragraph 六,元音字組在重讀音節中的讀音 元音字組 讀 音 例 詞 ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [ai?] air hair chair pair repair al在f m前
[?] small ball talk wall all [?:l] always also salt almost bald [a:] half calm au/aw [?:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great ear [i?] hear dear near clear year [ε?] bear pear wear [?:] earth learn early ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [i?] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew在j l r s后
[ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew ie/ei在[s]音之后
[i:] piece field receive oa [?u] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [?:] roar board door floor oi/oy [?i] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school [u] book look cook foot good ou/ow [au] flower house count down [?u] know row throw though [?] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [?:] course your four [au?] our hour ours [?:] journey ui 在j l r s后
[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit 七,非重讀音節中元音字組和字群的讀音 元音字組或字群 讀 音 例 詞
ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey ow [?u] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字組在非重讀音節中讀[E]音或[i].例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee-sion-tion [∫n] impression nation-sion在元音字母后 [?n] vision decision occasion-tion在s后
[t∫?n] question suggestion-sten [sn] listen-stle [sl] whistle-sure [??] pleasure measure-ture [t∫?] picture culture 八,元字組在復合詞非重讀音節中的讀音
復合詞中的第二部分不標注重音符號,但其中的元音字母或元音字組仍按重讀音節拼讀規則拼讀.例如: everyday[ei] handbag[?] blackboard[?:] 有些詞隨著語言的發展,前后兩部分已失去其單獨存在的意義,融合成為一個詞.其中的非重讀部分要按非重讀音節的讀音規則發音.例如: sun太陽 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日
break中斷 + fast[a:]齋戒 > breakfast[?] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[?:] > cupboard[?] 碗柜 九,輔字組的讀音 輔字組 讀 音 例 詞 b [b] bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb c c在e前或在i/y前
[k] cake picture coat music [s] face decide cinema ch [t∫] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [∫] machine-ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day-dge [d?] bridge fridge dr-[dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast g g在e i/y前
[g] bag gardon go [d?] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high gu--gue gu在非重讀音節中
[g] guess league dialogue [gw] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest j [d?] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn-[n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn-mn [m] autumn column n n在[k] [g]音前
[n] not shine ten note [?] uncle thank hungry-ng [?] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu-[kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler
第四篇:音標標準發音推薦歌曲
音標標準發音推薦歌曲
1、As Long As You Love Me
后街男孩
2、Across The Universe
披頭士
3、Longer
首丹·佛格柏 【美式發音】
4、Unbreak My Heart 唐尼·布蕾斯 長元音【a:】
5、Love
約翰·列儂 長元音【?】
6、All Those Year ago
喬治·哈理森 長元音【?:】
7、Cotton Fields 胡迪·萊德貝特 短元音【?】
8、Blue Eyes
艾爾特·約翰 長元音【u:】
9、When a Man Loves a Woman
邁克爾·波特 【u】【u:】的差別
10、Sunshine on My Shoulders
約翰·丹佛 雙元音【ai】
11、Rain and Tears
愛神之子合唱團 雙元音【ai】
12、Say Yes,My Boy
艾米·杰克遜 【?i】
13、Don't Cry Out Alound
瑪麗莎·曼徹斯特 雙元音【?u】
14、Hellow, I Love You
首門戶合唱團
雙元音【au】
15、Right Here Waiting
查理德·馬克斯
雙元音【i?】
16、I Swear 四合一合唱團 雙元音【ε?】
17、Help The Poor
埃里克·克萊普頓 雙元音【u?】
第五篇:初中英語音標發音規則
一、元音和輔音
英語共有48個音素,其中元音20個,輔音28個。輔音和元音在英語中的作用,就相當于漢語中的聲母和韻母。記錄英語音素的符號叫做音標。
元音:元音: 發音響亮,是樂音,口腔中氣流不受阻礙,是音節的主要組成部分.英語中有20個元音.(A)單元音
a.前元音:/ i: /, / i /, / e /, / ? /
b.中元音: / ?: /, / ? /
c.后元音:/ ?:/, / ? /, / u /, / u: /, /ɑ: /, /Λ /(B)雙元音(8個):
a.合口雙元音:/ ei /, / ?u /, / ai /, / au /, /?i/
b.集中雙元音:/ i ? /, / ε? /, / u? / B.輔音: 發音不響亮,是噪音,口腔中氣流受到阻礙,不是音節的重要組成部分,英語中有28個輔音.輔音的分類:
按其發音的方法分,有:
a.爆破音 / p /, / b /, / t/, / d /, / k /, / ɡ / b.摩擦音 / f /,/ v /,/θ/,/ e /,/ s /,/ z / c.破擦音
/ t∫/,/ d? /,/tr/,/dr/,/ts/,/dz/
d.鼻音
/ m / , / n /, / ? / e.旁流音(舌側音)/ l /
巧記48個國際音標
單元音共十二,四二六前中后。雙元音也好背,合口集中八個整。輔音共計二十八,八對一清又七濁,四個連對也包括。有氣無聲清輔音,有聲無氣濁輔音,發音特點應掌握。
單元音
/ i: /----Ee /i:/ [i:] 舌抵下齒,雙唇扁平作微笑狀,發“一”之長音。此音是長元音,一定注意把音發足。Bb/bi:/、Cc/si:/、Dd/di:/、Gg/d?i:/、Tt/ti:/、Vv/vi:/ [i:]是字母e、ea、ee、ie、ei在單詞中的發音
(1)e we me he she be fever meter evening
(2)ea eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean(3)ee three tree
green
sheep
meet
beef
see
seek
(4)ie piece(5)ei receive ceiling [i]-----big /big/ 舌抵下齒,雙唇扁平分開,牙床近于全舌,發短促之“一”音, 發此音要短促而輕快。
[i]是字母e、i、y在單詞中的發音,(1)e begin English pretty cinema decide delicious(2)i sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss(3)y boy city very sorry many twenty happy dictionary [e]--egg /eg/
舌近硬鄂,舌尖頂下齒,牙床半開半合,作微笑狀。
Ff〔ef〕、Mm〔em〕、Nn〔en〕、Ss〔es〕 [e]是字母e、ea、a在單詞中的發音
(1)e bed red let get leg pen elephant desk better(2)ea(3)a many any / ? /---bag / b?g /
[?] 雙唇扁平,舌前微升,舌尖抵住下齦,牙床開,軟鄂升起,唇自然開放。
是字母a在閉音節或重讀閉音節中的發音。
bad am and at sad hand happy hat map mad black back glad flag man / ?: /--bird /b?:d /
[?: ]舌上抬,唇成自然狀態,口半開半閉,發“厄”之長音。是字母er、ir、or或ur在單詞中的發音
head
bread
pleasure(1)er
her term
(2)ir
girl bird first third thirty shirt skirt birthday(3)or
work word world(4)ur
nurse turn hurt Thursday [ ?]--today
/ t?'dei / [?] 舌上抬,唇成自然狀態,口半開半閉,發“厄”之短音。是字母a、o、u、e、or、er、ur 或ar在單詞中的發音
(1)a about above along America around banana Canada china(2)o together tomorrow today police(3)u autumn(4)or doctor actor
work homework housework vistor mirror forget(5)er father mother brother sister ruler water dinner driver farmer(6)ur surprise Saturday(8)ar
dollar [?:]---all [?:l] 雙唇界于開閉、圓唇之間,牙床半開漸至全開,舌尖卷上再過渡為卷后。是字母o、al、ar、or、oar、our或oor在單詞中的發音(1)o story off(2)al small wall talk tall hall ball call walk(3)ar
warm quarter
(4)au August autumn daughter(5)or
for short sport more horse(6)oar
board blackboard cardboard(7)our four your(8)oor
door floor [?]---box
/b?ks/ 雙唇稍微向外突出圓形,舌后升起,舌尖不觸下齒,發“奧”音 是字母a、o在單詞中的發音
(1)([w])a
want wash watch what(2)o
hot lot not on sorry [u:]---do[du:] 雙唇成圓形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不觸下齒,自然而不用力,發 “屋”之長音。
Uu〔ju:〕Ww〔`d?blju:〕
是字母o、u、oo或ou在單詞中的發音(1)o
do to who two(2)u
blue glue June(3)oo
food room pool boot school too zoo(4)ou
soup group through [u]---put/put/ 雙唇成圓形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不觸下齒,自然而不用力,發短促之“屋”音。是字母u、oo或ou在單詞中的發音(1)o
woman wolf(2)oo book look good foot wood(3)oul could would should(4)u
put sugar full push pull [ɑ:]---arm/ɑ:m/ Rr〔α:〕
雙唇張而不圓,牙床大開,舌后微升,舌尖向后升縮微離下齒,發阿之長音。(1)a
fast class last glass plant
(2)ar
car farm card far garden party park [?]---cup
[k?p]
Ww〔`d?blju:〕
雙唇平放,牙床半開,舌尖抵住下齦,舌后微微升起,發短促之“阿”音 是字母o或u在單詞中的發音
(1)o come none love other son mother(2)oo blood flood(3)ou touch country enough young(4)u bus sun but cut up us run 雙元音
[ei]---Aa〔ei〕
舌類頂下齒,牙床半開半合,雙唇扁平,由發“哀”平穩過渡到發“一”之長音。
Hh〔ei?〕、Jj〔d?ei〕、Kk〔kei〕
是字母a在開音節中的讀音。
⑴a
name cake game face late gate plane April ⑵ai
rain train wait ⑶ay
day may okay play today say way ⑷ea
great break
⑸ei(gh)eight eighteen eighty ⑹ey
they grey
[ai]--eye [ai] Yy〔wai〕
將口張開略圓,舌后升起,舌尖向后收縮,由發“阿”音平穩過渡到發“一”音。是字母i或y在單詞中的讀音:(1)i
bike fine find die nine light night high(2)y my try fly eye [?i]---oil [?il] 雙唇外突成圓形,發“奧”音逐漸過渡為雙唇扁平分開,發“一”之短音。是字母oy和oi在單詞中的讀音(1)oy boy toy joy
(2)oi soil voice choice point [au]--out [aut] 將口張開略圓,漸漸合攏,雙唇成圓形,由發“阿”音平穩過渡到發“屋”音。
是字母ou和ow在單詞中的發音
(1)ou out about house blouse loud ⑵ow how now cow town [?u]--old [?uld]
Oo〔?u〕
口半開半合,舌后微升,過渡成雙唇成圓形,發“歐”之長音。是字母o、oa和ow在單詞中的發音
(1)o go no nose home open(2)oa goat boat coat(3)ow show know yellow window owner snow
[i?]---ear [i?] 雙唇張開岈床由窄至半開舌抵下齒逐漸過渡至上卷,從“一”音過渡到“厄”音。是字母ear、ere、ea、eer在單詞中的讀音(1)ea
real idea
(2)ear
ear
hear dear near clear(3)eer
deer cheer beer(4)ere
here [??]--air[??]
雙唇張開后略圓,牙床張開相當寬,舌尖卷上漸至卷后。是字母air、are、ear、ere在單詞中的讀音 ⑴air
air hair chair fair ⑵are care hare parent ⑶ear pear wear bear ⑷ere there where [u?]--hour
雙唇成圓形,牙床近于半合,舌尖不觸下齒,發“屋”之長音,然后從“屋”音過渡到“厄”音。是字母our、oor、ure、eer在單詞中的讀 ⑴ure
sure ⑵oor
poor ⑶our
tour
元音 /i:/
fee
feed
feet
tea
sea
seek /?/
fit
did
dick
pig
pill
pity /e/
bed
better
beg
bell
best
said /?/
lab
lack
bag
back
banner
flag /ɑ:/
car
card
bar
bath
far
father / ?/
/?:/
/ ? /
/ u:/
/ u/
/ ?:/
/?/
/e?/
/a?/
/??/
/??/
/e?/
/ u?/
/?u /
/au /
輔音
/p/
bus door song two good sir
again pay why joy
beer air
tour low now park sum
supper
run
rush
rubber four
form
saw
sought
sorter
sock
sorry
long
loss
dog tool
soon
blue
school
goose
book
stood
fool
cook
put serve
surface
stir
turn
were above
arrive
reader
editor pain
pace
say
save
rain wide
eye
ice
lie
line join
boy
point
coin
choice fear
hear
here
real
theatre care
dare
bear
there
dairy
tourist
poor
sure
during load
hoe
home
hope
know
mouse
loud
mouth
allow
pig
path
lamp
sleep
cap
/b/
bed
lab
book
bit
best
job / t/
tea
tell
meet
hat
spite
waiter /d/
desk
date
dice
and
find
red / k/
key
kiss
keep
cake
ink
week /g/
gate
game
get
egg
ago
leg /f/
fat
fast
feel
first
leaf
wife /v/
very
vast
verb
believe
have
brave /s/
see
seek
son
snow
bus
less /z/
zoo
zero
zeal
lays
size
eyes /θ/
think
thank
thing
cloth
breath /e/
this
that
then
breathe
with
bathe /?/
sheep
share
shave
push
crash /?/
measure
pleasure
treasure
occasion /t?/
chair
cheap
rich
reach
catch /d?/
jeep
joke
Jane
large
orange /tr/
tree
trip
try
train
trade
translate /dr/
dress
dry
drive
drop
dream
draw /ts/
treats
streets
waits
gets
meets /dz/
words
birds
kinds
aids
leads / h/
head
heart
how
high
hand / r/
rose
rice
read
river
rain
pretty /m/
make
much
month
member
same /n/
nice
north
name
need
soon /?/
ink
think
thank
angry
thing
sing / j/
yard
yes
yet
year
your
yellow / w/
word
would
world
wake
window / ?/
let
life
lake
bell
silk
fool
音節
音素: 音的最小單位,英語中有48個音素.音節: 由元音和輔音構成的發音單位.開音節: 1)輔音+元音+輔音+不發音e 如:kite cake name bike make take home plane shine
2)輔音+元音 如:he hi go no do be tree three hello
閉音節: 1)輔音+元音+輔音 :sit bed bad bag hot hop let mad map head 2)元音+輔音 如: it is of in on up out ant
A chicken is in the kitchen./ A horse is in the house.A mouse is in the cat’s mouth.A sheep eats some beef and drinks some green tea 1 元音:
1)[i:] 字母組合:ee ea e ie
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece receive ceiling 2)
發音字母 i y e
sit ture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3)[?] 發音字母 a
bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4)[e]
字母組合 ea e a head bread pleasure
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any 5)[ε:]
字母組合ir ur ear er or
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve work worm work world 6)[ε]
字母組合 er or ou ar o a e u
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar
together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7)[a:] 字母組合 ar a car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm 8)[:]
發音字母 u o ou oo
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood 9)[]
字母組合 al or au our ar
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter 10)[] 發音字母 o a
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watch 11)[u:] 字母組合 oo o u
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two
true truth blue full prude 12)
字母組合 oo ou u o look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolf 13)[ei]
發音字母 a ay ea ai ey name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they grey
14)[ai] 發音字母 i y
bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eye
15)[au] 字母組合 ou ow
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town 16)[εu] 發音字母 o ow oa
home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goal 17)[] 字母組合oy oi boy toy joy oil soil voice choice 18)[iε]
字母組合 eer ear beer deer ear near here fierce idea 19)[]
字母組合ear air ere pear bear chair air fair there where care 20)[uε]
字母組合our ower hour tour flower shower 2 容易混淆的元音
[A] [e]
bad bed hand head man men land lend pan pen sad said [i:] [ei]
real rail greet great mean main read raid [e] [ai]
bet bite red write said side head hide [aU] [R:]
house horse loud lord south sauce cloud clause now nor count corn [aU] [Q]
found fond down done gown gone town ton [A][Q]
fan fun tan tun san son tank tun 3 輔音
1)pen pear play pig pour pull push 2)book big boot bike bread break 3)[t] tree two ten ton town twenty city 4)[d] door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
5)[k] king kite key look cook book kitchen sky(發音字母k)card cat cream correct climb come account accept(發音字母c)fox box oxygen x-ray(發音字母x)school schedule schema(字母組合ch)6)[g] girl good goal goat grade long language 7)[m] man make moon morning move come comb 8)[n] pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean 9)[N] uncle bank English think thank junk sing king morning evening
10)[l] long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soul 11)[r] read red right run room write
12)[f] five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough physic photo phone 13)[v] very evening even every voice vest of
14)[s] six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf(發音字母s)license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate(發音字母c)piece juice science lance space ace(字母組合ce)15)[z] zoo zebra zero zap
close nose hose suppose pause those whose 16)[W] think thank three thirty tooth mouth 17)[T] that this those these though 18)[F] sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention station social special sure
19)[V] pleasure
20)[h] hot hop home house horse how who 21)[w] when what where window wind wood 22)[j] yes year yell you your yolk yellow
23)[tF] child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach 24)[dV] age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk
25)[tr] tree country try treat track trunk 26)[dr] dry dream drop drive drink 27)[ts] students boots boats goats nuts 28)[dz] goods woods moods hoods
1. 字母q總是與u在一起,讀做/kw/, 此處u不作元音.2. 字母c在字母e, y, i前讀做/s/(cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前讀做/k/(cut, cap, cop).3. 字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以讀做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不讀做/j/(get, girl, give);其它字母之前的g讀做/g/(gate, go, gust).4. 元音a, e, o, u在音節結尾(開音節)一般讀做字母音(長音a, e, o, u), 有助于學生正確劃分并拼讀元音字母+輔音字母+元音字母的不熟悉單詞(re port…rather than rep ort).5. 字母i和y經常讀做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可讀做I(silent, my, type).6. 一個英語單詞用字母y而不是i的結尾(my, by).7. 有五種情況末尾的字母e不發音.(如me, she, 和 he的短單詞末尾的字母e讀做e, 較長的單詞末尾的e不發音)
尾字母e不發音應該被認為是”having a job”(承擔一項工作)7.1 bake gene time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母發字母音..7.2 love give blue true 使我們不要以一個v和一個u結束一個單詞.7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c讀軟音/j/和/s/.7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一個音節沒有一個元音字母.7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 這一條被Spalding女士叫做無工作尾字母e;Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并說前四條之外的不發音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.7.5.1 使一個不是復數形式的單詞不要以s結尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是 fals).7.5.2 加長短的主意詞(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye 7.5.3 區分同音異形詞的含義.如or/ore for/fore.7.5.4 中英語和外來語中(那里的尾字母e是要發音的)留下來的, 現在不發音.如treatise giraffe
8.有五種字母組合發/er/的音/, 記住下面的句子.Her nurse first works early.這個句子是按英語用法中的降序排列的.另外,or在w后業可以發/er/的音.還要記住有些詞尾的ar和or也發/er/的音.如dollar, doctor.9.1-1-1規則: 單音節單詞中, 結尾是單元音加單個輔音的, 在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化時, 需要將末尾的輔音字母再寫一次再加詞尾變化.(如hop---hop ped).但是詞尾是x除外, 因為它由兩個音/ks/.10.2-1-1規則: 雙音節詞中, 結尾是單元音加單個輔音的, 在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化時, 需要將末尾的輔音字母再寫一次再加詞尾變化(be gin---be gin + ning).第二個音節不重讀的不能雙寫末尾輔音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).11.去e規則, 以不發音的e結尾的單詞在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化是需要去掉末尾不發音的e.(come----coming)
12.是ie還是ei? 一般情況下, 應該是ie, 但是1)c之后用ei;2)發字母a的音時, 用ei(neighbor, weigh, vein).還有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure.Plus: either weird protein heifer:
13.音素sh用在一個基本詞的開頭或是結尾(she, dish), 還用在一個音節的結尾(fin ish), 但絕對不會在后一個音節的開頭, 除非是以ship結尾(wor ship, friend ship).14.音素si, ti, ci最常用在一個基本詞的第二及以后的開頭, 發音/sh/.常常可以通過考察詞根和根詞來確定發/sh/時用什么樣的音素.比如
infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tial music to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cial soci(companion)to so cial / ancien(old)to an cient cruc(cross)to cru cial / speci(kind)to spe cial
15.音素si在前一個音節以s結尾時(ses sion)發/sh/, 一個基本詞經過詞尾變化后只有一個s(tense---tension), 其中的音素si發/sh/.discuss to dis cus sion / compress to com pres sion / admis to ad mis sion 16.音素si可以發/zh/, 如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.17.只有一個元音的單音節詞,常常雙寫詞尾的l, s, f.比如will, off, miss.有時雙音節詞也用到這條規則, 如re cess
18.詞尾為長音a時, 常用ay在詞尾而不是a.(bay, day, decay)19.元音i和o后面有兩個輔音時,常發長音.(find, old)20.s從不在x后, 音素x包含一個/s/音, /ks/.21.去L規則1: all單獨出現有兩個l, 但在前綴中只有一個l.(al most, al so, al though).22.去L規則2: till和full單獨出現有兩個l, 作后綴只有一個l.(un til, plen ti ful).23.音素dge只用在單元音后面,而且這個元音發短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).24.Y變I規則: 進行詞尾變化時, 詞尾是一個輔音字母+y, 要變y為i.下列兩種情況駐外(1)加-ing,(2)變后會引起音節分裂.city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni est multiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/cried deny/denied
25.音素ck只用在單元音后, 而且這個元音發短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck).26.字母開頭的z永遠發/z/, 不會發/s/.27.音素ed有三個音, 基本詞以/t/和/d/音結尾, ed發/ed/(divide---divided, heat---heated);基本詞以濁輔音結尾的, ed發/d/(lived), 以清輔音結尾的發/t/(stopped)
28.單詞常常(always)在雙輔音間分音節[但要注意不要把輔音字母組合分開(如ma the ma tic)], 重讀音節的輔音才發音, 非重讀音節的輔音不發音lit tle.