第一篇：哈佛大學(xué)校長Drew Gilpin Faust在畢業(yè)典禮的演講

記住我們對你們寄予的厚望，就算你們覺得它們不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也要記住，它們至關(guān)重要，是你們?nèi)松谋睒O星，會指引你們到達(dá)對自己和世界都有意義的彼岸。你們生活的意義要由你們自己創(chuàng)造。

這所備受尊崇的學(xué)校歷來好學(xué)求知，所以你們期待我的演講能傳授永恒的智慧。我站在這個講壇上，穿得像個清教徒牧師——這身打扮也許會把很多我的前任嚇壞，還可能會讓其中一些人重新投身于消滅女巫的事業(yè)中去，讓英克利斯和考特恩父子（1）出現(xiàn)在如今的“泡沫派對”上（2）。但現(xiàn)在，我在臺上，你們在底下，這是一個屬于真理（3）、追求真理的時刻。

你們已經(jīng)求學(xué)四年，而我當(dāng)校長還不到一年；你們認(rèn)識三任校長，我只認(rèn)識一個班的大四學(xué)生。所以，智慧從何談起呢？也許你們才是應(yīng)該傳授智慧的人。或許我們可以互換一下角色，用哈佛法學(xué)院教授們隨機(jī)點(diǎn)名提問的方式，讓我在接下來的一個小時里回答你們的問題（4）。

讓我們把這個畢業(yè)典禮想象成一個問答式環(huán)節(jié)，你們是提問者。“福斯特校長，生活的意義是什么？我們在哈佛苦讀四年是為了什么？福斯特校長，從你四十年前大學(xué)畢業(yè)到現(xiàn)在，你肯定學(xué)到了不少東西吧？”（四十年了。我可以大聲承認(rèn)這個時間，因為我生活的每一個細(xì)節(jié)——當(dāng)然包括我獲得布爾茅爾學(xué)位的年份——現(xiàn)在好像都能公開查到。但請注意，當(dāng)時我在班里還算歲數(shù)小的。）

可以這么說，在過去的一年里，你們一直在提出問題讓我回答，只不過你們把提問范圍限定得比較小。我也一直在思考應(yīng)該怎樣回答，還有你們提問的動機(jī)，這是我更感興趣的。

其實(shí)，從我與校委會見面時起，就一直被問到這些問題，當(dāng)時是2007年冬天，我的任命才宣布不久。此后日漸頻繁，我在柯克蘭樓吃午飯，我在萊弗里特樓吃晚飯，在我專門會見學(xué)生的工作時段，甚至我在國外遇見畢業(yè)生的時候，都會被問到這些問題。你們問我的第一件事不是問課程，不是教師輔導(dǎo)，不是教師的聯(lián)系方式，也不是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)生活的空間。實(shí)際上，甚至不是酒精限制政策。你們反復(fù)問我的是：“為什么我們很多人都去了華爾街？為什么我們哈佛畢業(yè)生中，有那么多人進(jìn)入金融、咨詢行業(yè)和投資銀行？”

要思考并回答這個問題，有很多方式。比如威利-薩頓式的。當(dāng)他被問及為什么要搶銀行時，他回答：“因為那兒有錢。”你們中很多人都在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)課上見過克勞迪婭-戈爾丁和拉里-卡茨兩位教授，根據(jù)他們從70年代以來對學(xué)生擇業(yè)的研究，得出的結(jié)論大同小異。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，值得注意的是，雖然金融行業(yè)有極高的金錢回報，還是有很多學(xué)生選擇了其它工作。

確實(shí)如此，你們中有37個人已經(jīng)和“為美國而教”簽約（5）；有一個會去跳探戈，去阿根廷研究舞蹈療法；還有一個將投身于肯尼亞的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展；一個拿了數(shù)學(xué)榮譽(yù)學(xué)位的人要去研究詩歌；另一個要去美國空軍受訓(xùn)當(dāng)飛行員；還有一個要與乳癌作斗爭。你們中有很多人會去讀法律、醫(yī)學(xué)、或其他研究生。但是，絕大多數(shù)人選擇了金融和咨詢，這與戈爾丁和卡茨的調(diào)查結(jié)果不謀而合。

《克里姆森報》（6）對去年的畢業(yè)班作了調(diào)查，結(jié)果表明，參加工作的人中，58%的男生和43％的女生做出了上述選擇。雖然今年經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣，這個數(shù)字還是達(dá)到了39%。

高額的薪水、幾乎難以拒絕的招聘方、能與朋友一起在紐約工作、享受生活，以及有趣的工作——有很多種理由可以解釋這些選擇。你們中的一些人本來就決定過這樣子的生活，至少在一兩年之內(nèi)是這樣。另一些人則認(rèn)為先要利己才能利人。但是，你們還是問我，為什么要走這條路。

在某種程度上，我覺得自己更關(guān)心的是你們?yōu)槭裁磫栠@些問題，而不是給出答案。如果戈爾丁和卡茨教授的結(jié)論是正確的；如果金融行業(yè)的確就是“理性的選擇”，那么你們?yōu)槭裁催€是不停地問我這個問題呢？為什么這個看似理性的選擇，會讓你們許多人覺得難以理解、不盡合理，甚至在某種意義上是出于被迫或必須，而非自愿呢？為什么這個問題會困擾你們這么多人呢？

我認(rèn)為，你們問我的其實(shí)是生活的意義，只不過你們提出的問題是經(jīng)過偽裝的——提問角度是高級職業(yè)選擇中可觀察、可度量的現(xiàn)象，而不是抽象的、難以理解的、令人尷尬的形而上學(xué)范疇。“生活的意義”——是個大大的問題——又是老生常談——把它看成蒙提派森（7）的某部電影的諷刺標(biāo)題或者某一集《辛普森一家》（8）的主題就容易回答，但是當(dāng)作蘊(yùn)含嚴(yán)肅意義的話題就把問題復(fù)雜化了。

但是，暫時拋開我們哈佛人自以為是的圓滑、沉著和無懈可擊，試著探尋一下你們問題的答案。

我認(rèn)為，你們之所以擔(dān)心，是因為你們不想自己的生活只是傳統(tǒng)意義上的成功，而且還要有意義。但你們又不知道如何協(xié)調(diào)這兩個目標(biāo)。你們不知道在一家有著金字招牌的公司里干著一份起薪豐厚的工作，加上可以預(yù)見的未來的財富，是否能滿足你們的內(nèi)心。

你們?yōu)槭裁磽?dān)心？這多少是我們學(xué)校的錯。從一進(jìn)校門，我們就告訴你們，你們會成為對未來負(fù)責(zé)的領(lǐng)袖，你們是最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的是我們的依靠，你們會改變整個世界。我們對你們寄予厚望，反而成了你們的負(fù)擔(dān)。其實(shí)，你們已經(jīng)取得了非凡的成績：你們參與各種課外活動，表現(xiàn)出服務(wù)精神；你們大力提倡可持續(xù)發(fā)展，透露出你們對這個星球未來的關(guān)注；你們積極參與今年的總統(tǒng)競選，為美國政治注入了新的活力。

而現(xiàn)在，你們中有許多人不知道如何把以上這些成績與擇業(yè)結(jié)合起來。是否一定要在有利益的工作和有意義的工作之間做出抉擇？如果必須選擇，你們會選哪個？有沒有可能兩者兼得呢？

你們問我和問自己的是一些最根本的問題：關(guān)于價值、關(guān)于試圖調(diào)和有潛在沖突的東西、關(guān)于對魚與熊掌不可兼得的認(rèn)識。你們正處在一個轉(zhuǎn)變的時刻，需要做出抉擇。只能選一個選項——工作、職業(yè)、讀研——都意味著要放棄其他

選項。每一個決定都意味著有得有失——一扇門打開了，另一扇卻關(guān)上了。你們問我的問題差不多就是這樣——關(guān)于舍棄的人生道路。

金融業(yè)、華爾街和“招聘”已經(jīng)變成了這個兩難困境的標(biāo)志，代表著一系列問題，其意義要遠(yuǎn)比選擇一條職業(yè)道路寬廣和深刻。某種意義上，這些是你們所有人早晚都會遇到的問題——當(dāng)你從醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè)并選擇專業(yè)方向——是選全科家庭醫(yī)生還是選皮膚科醫(yī)生；當(dāng)你獲得法學(xué)學(xué)位之后，要選擇是去一家公司工作，還是做公共辯護(hù)律師；當(dāng)你在“為美國而教”進(jìn)修兩年以后，要決定是否繼續(xù)從事教育。你們擔(dān)心，是因為你們既想活得有意義，又想活得成功；你們清楚，你們所受的教育是讓你們不僅為自己，為自己的舒適和滿足，更要為你們身邊的世界創(chuàng)造價值。而現(xiàn)在，你們必須想出一個方法，去實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。

我認(rèn)為，你們之所以擔(dān)心，還有另一個原因——和第一個原因有關(guān)，但又不完全相同。那就是，你們想過得幸福。你們趨之若鶩地選修“積極心理學(xué)”——心理學(xué)1504——和“幸福的科學(xué)”，想找到秘訣。但我們怎樣才能找到幸福呢？我可以給出一個鼓舞人心的答案：長大。調(diào)查表明，年長的人——比如我這個歲數(shù)的人——幸福感比年輕人更強(qiáng)。不過，你們可能不愿意等待。

我聽過你們談?wù)撁媾R的種種選擇，所以我知道你們對成功和幸福的關(guān)系感到煩惱——或者更準(zhǔn)確地說，如何定義成功，才能使之產(chǎn)生并包含真正的幸福，而不只是金錢和名望。你們擔(dān)心經(jīng)濟(jì)回報最多的選擇，可能不是最有意義或最令人滿意的。但你們想知道自己到底應(yīng)該怎樣生存，不論是作為藝術(shù)家、演員、公務(wù)員還是高中老師？你們要怎樣找到一條通向新聞業(yè)的道路？在不知道多少年之后，完成了研究生學(xué)業(yè)和論文，你們會找到英語教授的工作嗎？

答案是：只有試過了才知道。但是，不論是繪畫、生物還是金融，如果你不去嘗試做你喜歡的事；如果你不去追求你認(rèn)為最有意義的東西，你會后悔的。人生之路很長，總有時間去實(shí)施備選方案，但不要一開始就退而求其次。

我將其稱為擇業(yè)停車位理論，幾十年來一直在與同學(xué)們分享。不要因為覺得肯定沒有停車位了，就把車停在距離目的地20個街區(qū)遠(yuǎn)的地方。直接去你想去的地方，如果車位已滿，再繞回來。

你們可能喜歡投行、金融或咨詢，它可能就是你的最佳選擇。也許你們和我在柯克蘭樓吃午飯時遇到的那個大四學(xué)生一樣，她剛從西海岸一家知名咨詢公司面試回來。她問：“我為什么要做這行？我討厭坐飛機(jī)，我不喜歡住酒店，我不會喜歡這個工作的。”那就找個你喜歡的工作。要是你在醒著的時間里超過一半都在做你不喜歡的事情，你是很難感到幸福的。

但是，最最重要的是，你們問問題，既是在問我，更是在問你們自己。你們在選擇道路，同時又質(zhì)疑自己的選擇。你知道自己想要什么樣的生活，只是不知確定自己所選的路對不對。這是最好的消息。這也是，我希望，從某種程度上說，我們的錯。關(guān)注你的生活，對其進(jìn)行反思，思考怎樣才能好好地生活，想想怎樣對社會有用：這些也許就是人文教育傳授給你們的最寶貴的東西。

人文教育要求你們自覺地生活，賦予你尋找和定義所做之事的內(nèi)在意義的能力。它使你學(xué)會自我分析和評判，讓你從容把握自己的生活，并掌控其發(fā)展路徑。正是在這個意義上，“人文”才是名副其實(shí)的liberare ——自由（9）。它們賦予你開展行動、發(fā)現(xiàn)事物意義和作出選擇的能力。通向有意義、幸福生活的必由之路是讓自己為之努力奮斗。不要停歇。隨時準(zhǔn)備著改變方向。記住我們對你們寄予的厚望，就算你們覺得它們不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也要記住，它們至關(guān)重要，是你們?nèi)松谋睒O星，會指引你們到達(dá)對自己和世界都有意義的彼岸。你們生活的意義要由你們自己創(chuàng)造。

我迫不及待地想知道你們會變成什么樣子。一定要經(jīng)常回來，告訴我們過得如何。

譯者注：

（1）Increase and Cotton：英克利斯和考特恩父子，都是著名清教徒牧師。Increase Mather 曾任哈佛大學(xué)管理層成員，并參加1692年塞勒姆巫師審判案。其子Cotton Mather。

（2）Mather lather：哈佛大學(xué)每年春天舉行的全校性泡沫派對，即用泡沫機(jī)噴射泡沫鋪滿大廳地面，參加者身穿泳裝跳舞狂歡。在本文中是假設(shè)，指如果在以前，Increase and Cotton父子會參加泡沫派對這一另人頗感神秘的活動，去消滅女巫，即校長本人。

（3）Veritas：拉丁文，真理，也是哈佛大學(xué)校訓(xùn)。

（4）cold call：營銷人員打給陌生客戶推銷商品的電話。與之相對的是warm call，指打給相識客戶的推銷電話。在文中，特指哈佛法學(xué)院的教授會在課上隨機(jī)點(diǎn)名讓學(xué)生回答問題。

（5）Teach For America：為美國而教，一個教育組織，旨在消除美國某些地區(qū)的教育不公平現(xiàn)象。

（6）Crimson：指The Harvard Crimson，《克里姆森報》，哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)生主辦的校報。

（7）Monty Python：英國六人喜劇團(tuán)體。

（8）Simpsons：《辛普森一家》，美國電視史上播放時間最長的動畫片。

（9）原文中l(wèi)iberal education（人文教育）里的liberal源自于拉丁文liberare，意思是to free，使自由。

第二篇：哈佛大學(xué)校長Drew Faust 2012畢業(yè)典禮演講

哈佛大學(xué)校長Drew Faust 2012畢業(yè)典禮演講

With Commencement today, we close our year of commemorating Harvard’s 375th birthday.From an exuberant party for 18,000 in torrential rain and ankle-deep mud here in Tercentenary Theatre last fall to today’s invocation of John Harvard’s spirit still walking the Yard, we have celebrated this special year and this institution’s singular and distinguished history.Founded by an act of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1636, Harvard was the first college in the English colonies and is the oldest in what has become the United States.Harvard was already 140 years old when the nation was founded.There are few institutions in this country or even the world that can claim such longevity.But what does such a claim mean? At a time when the buzzword of “innovation” is everywhere, when the allure of the new drives business, politics and society, what do we intend by our celebration of endurance and of history? Why do we see history as an essential part of our identity? Why is Harvard’s past an invaluable resource as we decide how to shape the future?

In a quite literal sense, history creates our identity – who we as Harvard actually are – and as a result who we aspire to be.We live in a community made up not just of the students, faculty and staff now here – or even the 300,000 Harvard alumni around the world.We are part of a community that extends across time as well as space.We acknowledge an indelible connection to those who have come before – predecessors both recent and remote, who remind us of what is possible for us by their demonstration of what was possible for them.Harvard’s history instills both expectations and responsibilities as it challenges us to inhabit this legacy.One cannot study philosophy here without sighting the ghosts of John Rawls, Willard Quine, Benjamin Peirce, Ralph Waldo Emerson, or William James.One cannot study law without thinking of the 18 Harvard Law School alumni who have served as Supreme Court justices, including the 6 currently on the bench – not to mention the graduate in the White House and the seven presidents with Harvard degrees who have preceded him.Those who appear on Harvard stages surely imagine themselves as Jack Lemmon or Natalie Portman or Stockard Channing, directed by the equivalents of Peter Sellars, Diane Paulus, or Mira Nair.Or perhaps our aspiring actors see themselves in John Lithgow and Tommy Lee Jones, who returned together for Arts First weekend earlier this month to reminisce about their thespian adventures in Cambridge.And those seeking to change the world through technology are sure to reflect on Zuckerberg, Ballmer, and Gates.In these domains and so many others, we have the privilege of living alongside a remarkable heritage of predecessors.We have certainly not come to work and study here in Cambridge and Boston because of the weather – though this past winter suggests climate change may be altering that.We are drawn here because others before us have set a standard that extends across centuries in its power and its appeal.We think of ourselves in their company;we seek to be worthy of that company, and to share our days with others similarly motivated and inspired.We want to contribute as they have contributed in every imaginable field.We want to know – to understand – societies, governments, eras, organizations, galaxies, works of art and literature, structures, circuits, diseases, cells.We want to make our lives matter.We want to improve the human condition and build a better world.We want Harvard to ask that of us, to expect that of us and to equip us to accomplish it.History shapes our institutional ideals as well as our individual ambitions.Having a history diminishes the grip of the myopic present, helping us to see beyond its bounds, to transcend the immediate in search of the enduring.It challenges us to place our aspirations and responsibilities within the broadest context of understanding.We expect the future to be as long as the past;we must act in ways that are not just about tomorrow – but about decades and even centuries to come.This means that we teach our students with the intention of shaping the whole of their lives as well as readying them for what happens as soon as they leave our gates.This means that in the sciences – and beyond – we support research that is driven by curiosity, by the sheer desire to understand – at the same time that we pursue discoveries that have immediate measurable impact.And it means that we support fields of study – of languages, literatures, cultures – that are intended to locate us within traditions of reflection about the larger purposes of human existence, enabling us to look beyond ourselves and our own experience, to ask where we are going – not just how we get there.Even in our professional Schools, designed to educate students for specific vocations, we seek to instill the perspective that derives from the critical eye and the questioning mind;we charge our students to think about lasting value, not just quarterly returns.These commitments shape our institutional identity – our discussions and decisions about what a university is and must be.As both higher education and the world have been transformed, Harvard has not just weathered the past 375 years.It has changed and flourished – from its origins as a small, local college designed to produce educated ministers and citizens, to its emergence as a research university in the late 19th century, to its transformation into a national institution, and its development after World War II as an engine of scientific discovery and economic growth, as well as a force for significantly broadening social opportunity.We are now in another moment of dramatic shift in higher education: Globalization and technology are prominent among the forces that challenge us once again to examine how we do our work and how we define our aims.This year alone we have launched a new University-wide initiative to think in fresh ways about our methods of learning and teaching, a new University-wide Innovation Lab to help our students bring their ideas to life, and edX, a new partnership with MIT to embrace the promise of online learning for our students while sharing our knowledge more widely with the world.As we reimagine ourselves for the 21st century, we recognize that history teaches us not just about continuity – what is important because it is enduring.History also teaches us about change.Harvard has survived and thrived by considering over and over again how its timeless and unwavering dedication to knowledge and truth must be adapted to the demands of each new age.History encourages us to see contingency and opportunity by offering us the ability to imagine a different world.Think of how Harvard changed as we came to recognize that our commitment to fulfilling human potential required us to open our gates more broadly.The continuity of our deepest values led us to the transformation of our practices – and of the characteristics of the students, faculty and staff who inhabit and embody Harvard.What was once unimaginable came to seem necessary and even inevitable as we extended the circle of inclusion and belonging to welcome minorities and women, and in recent years to so significantly enhance support for students of limited financial means.Our history provides “a compass to steer by” – to borrow a phrase from Massachusetts Bay Governor John Winthrop.It fills us with confidence in our purposes and in our ability to surmount the risks of uncharted seas.With the strength of our past, we welcome these unknowns and the opportunities they offer as we reimagine Harvard for its next 375 years.For nearly four centuries now, Harvard has been inventing the future.History is where the future begins.From: http://

第三篇：哈佛大學(xué)校長Drew Faust在2012畢業(yè)典禮上的演講

哈佛大學(xué)校長Drew Faust在2012畢業(yè)典禮上的演講（英語文本）

美國哈佛大學(xué)校長Drew Faust女士在2012畢業(yè)典禮上的演講，同時Drew G.Faust也是哈佛375年歷史上第一位女性校長，還是第一位非哈佛畢業(yè)生校長，杰出的歷史學(xué)家，2001年從賓西法尼業(yè)大學(xué)到哈佛的Radcliffe學(xué)院任教。With Commencement today, we close our year of commemorating Harvard’s 375th birthday.From an exuberant party for 18,000 in torrential rain and ankle-deep mud here in Tercentenary Theatre last fall to today’s invocation of John Harvard’s spirit still walking the Yard, we have celebrated this special year and this institution’s singular and distinguished history.Founded by an act of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1636, Harvard was the first college in the English colonies and is the oldest in what has become the United States.Harvard was already 140 years old when the nation was founded.There are few institutions in this country or even the world that can claim such longevity.But what does such a claim mean? At a time when the buzzword of “innovation” is everywhere, when the allure of the new drives business, politics and society, what do we intend by our celebration of endurance and of history? Why do we see history as an essential part of our identity? Why is Harvard’s past an invaluable resource as we decide how to shape the future? In a quite literal sense, history creates our identity – who we as Harvard actually are – and as a result who we aspire to be.We live in a community made up not just of the students, faculty and staff now here – or even the 300,000 Harvard alumni around the world.We are part of a community that extends across time as well as space.We acknowledge an indelible connection to those who have come before – predecessors both recent and remote, who remind us of what is possible for us by their demonstration of what was possible for them.Harvard’s history instills both expectations and responsibilities as it challenges us to inhabit this legacy.One cannot study philosophy here without sighting the ghosts of John Rawls, Willard Quine, Benjamin Peirce, Ralph Waldo Emerson, or William James.One cannot study law without thinking of the 18 Harvard Law School alumni who have served as Supreme Court justices, including the 6 currently on the bench – not to mention the graduate in the White House and the seven presidents with Harvard degrees who have preceded him.Those who appear on Harvard stages surely imagine themselves as Jack Lemmon or Natalie Portman or Stockard Channing, directed by the equivalents of Peter Sellars, Diane Paulus, or Mira Nair.Or perhaps our aspiring actors see themselves in John Lithgow and Tommy Lee Jones, who returned together for Arts First weekend earlier this month to reminisce about their thespian adventures in Cambridge.And those seeking to change the world through technology are sure to reflect on Zuckerberg, Ballmer, and Gates.In these domains and so many others, we have the privilege of living alongside a remarkable heritage of predecessors.We have certainly not come to work and study here in Cambridge and Boston because of the weather – though this past winter suggests climate change may be altering that.We are drawn here because others before us have set a standard that extends across centuries in its power and its appeal.We think of ourselves in their company;we seek to be worthy of that company, and to share our days with others similarly motivated and inspired.We want to contribute as they have contributed in every imaginable field.We want to know – to understand – societies, governments, eras, organizations, galaxies, works of art and literature, structures, circuits, diseases, cells.We want to make our lives matter.We want to improve the human condition and build a better world.We want Harvard to ask that of us, to expect that of us and to equip us to accomplish it.History shapes our institutional ideals as well as our individual ambitions.Having a history diminishes the grip of the myopic present, helping us to see beyond its bounds, to transcend the immediate in search of the enduring.It challenges us to place our aspirations and responsibilities within the broadest context of understanding.We expect the future to be as long as the past;we must act in ways that are not just about tomorrow – but about decades and even centuries to come.This means that we teach our students with the intention of shaping the whole of their lives as well as readying them for what happens as soon as they leave our gates.This means that in the sciences – and beyond – we support research that is driven by curiosity, by the sheer desire to understand – at the same time that we pursue discoveries that have immediate measurable impact.And it means that we support fields of study – of languages, literatures, cultures – that are intended to locate us within traditions of reflection about the larger purposes of human existence, enabling us to look beyond ourselves and our own experience, to ask where we are going – not just how we get there.Even in our professional Schools, designed to educate students for specific vocations, we seek to instill the perspective that derives from the critical eye and the questioning mind;we charge our students to think about lasting value, not just quarterly returns.These commitments shape our institutional identity – our discussions and decisions about what a university is and must be.As both higher education and the world have been transformed, Harvard has not just weathered the past 375 years.It has changed and flourished – from its origins as a small, local college designed to produce educated ministers and citizens, to its emergence as a research university in the late 19th century, to its transformation into a national institution, and its development after World War II as an engine of scientific discovery and economic growth, as well as a force for significantly broadening social opportunity.We are now in another moment of dramatic shift in higher education: Globalization and technology are prominent among the forces that challenge us once again to examine how we do our work and how we define our aims.This year alone we have launched a new University-wide initiative to think in fresh ways about our methods of learning and teaching, a new University-wide Innovation Lab to help our students bring their ideas to life, and edX, a new partnership with MIT to embrace the promise of online learning for our students while sharing our knowledge more widely with the world.As we reimagine ourselves for the 21st century, we recognize that history teaches us not just about continuity – what is important because it is enduring.History also teaches us about change.Harvard has survived and thrived by considering over and over again how its timeless and unwavering dedication to knowledge and truth must be adapted to the demands of each new age.History encourages us to see contingency and opportunity by offering us the ability to imagine a different world.Think of how Harvard changed as we came to recognize that our commitment to fulfilling human potential required us to open our gates more broadly.The continuity of our deepest values led us to the transformation of our practices – and of the characteristics of the students, faculty and staff who inhabit and embody Harvard.What was once unimaginable came to seem necessary and even inevitable as we extended the circle of inclusion and belonging to welcome minorities and women, and in recent years to so significantly enhance support for students of limited financial means.Our history provides “a compass to steer by” – to borrow a phrase from Massachusetts Bay Governor John Winthrop.It fills us with confidence in our purposes and in our ability to surmount the risks of uncharted seas.With the strength of our past, we welcome these unknowns and the opportunities they offer as we reimagine Harvard for its next 375 years.For nearly four centuries now, Harvard has been inventing the future.History is where the future begins

第四篇：哈佛大學(xué)校長Drew Gilpin Faust在畢業(yè)典禮的演講

哈佛大學(xué)校長Drew Gilpin Faust在畢業(yè)典禮的演講：在醒著的時間里，追求你認(rèn)為最有意義的！！(聽君一席話，勝讀十年書！！)

記住我們對你們寄予的厚望，就算你們覺得它們不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也要記住，它們至關(guān)重要，是你們?nèi)松谋睒O星，會指引你們到達(dá)對自己和世界都有意義的彼岸。你們生活的意義要由你們自己創(chuàng)造。

這所備受尊崇的學(xué)校歷來好學(xué)求知，所以你們期待我的演講能傳授永恒的智慧。我站在這個講壇上，穿得像個清教徒牧師——這身打扮也許會把很多我的前任嚇壞，還可能會讓其中一些人重新投身于消滅女巫的事業(yè)中去，讓英克利斯和考特恩父子（1）出現(xiàn)在如今的“泡沫派對”上（2）。但現(xiàn)在，我在臺上，你們在底下，這是一個屬于真理（3）、追求真理的時刻。

你們已經(jīng)求學(xué)四年，而我當(dāng)校長還不到一年；你們認(rèn)識三任校長，我只認(rèn)識一個班的大四學(xué)生。所以，智慧從何談起呢？也許你們才是應(yīng)該傳授智慧的人。或許我們可以互換一下角色，用哈佛法學(xué)院教授們隨機(jī)點(diǎn)名提問的方式，讓我在接下來的一個小時里回答你們的問題（4）。

讓我們把這個畢業(yè)典禮想象成一個問答式環(huán)節(jié)，你們是提問者。“福斯特校長，生活的意義是什么？我們在哈佛苦讀四年是為了什么？福斯特校長，從你四十年前大學(xué)畢業(yè)到現(xiàn)在，你肯定學(xué)到了不少東西吧？”（四十年了。我可以大聲承認(rèn)這個時間，因為我生活的每一個細(xì)節(jié)——當(dāng)然包括我獲得布爾茅爾學(xué)位的年份——現(xiàn)在好像都能公開查到。但請注意，當(dāng)時我在班里還算歲數(shù)小的。）

可以這么說，在過去的一年里，你們一直在提出問題讓我回答，只不過你們把提問范圍限定得比較小。我也一直在思考應(yīng)該怎樣回答，還有你們提問的動機(jī)，這是我更感興趣的。

其實(shí)，從我與校委會見面時起，就一直被問到這些問題，當(dāng)時是2007年冬天，我的任命才宣布不久。此后日漸頻繁，我在柯克蘭樓吃午飯，我在萊弗里特樓吃晚飯，在我專門會見學(xué)生的工作時段，甚至我在國外遇見畢業(yè)生的時候，都會被問到這些問題。你們問我的第一件事不是問課程，不是教師輔導(dǎo)，不是教師的聯(lián)系方式，也不是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)生活的空間。實(shí)際上，甚至不是酒精限制政策。你們反復(fù)問我的是：“為什么我們很多人都去了華爾街？為什么我們哈佛畢業(yè)生中，有那么多人進(jìn)入金融、咨詢行業(yè)和投資銀行？”

要思考并回答這個問題，有很多方式。比如威利-薩頓式的。當(dāng)他被問及為什么要搶銀行時，他回答：“因為那兒有錢。”你們中很多人都在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)課上見過克勞迪婭-戈爾丁和拉里-卡茨兩位教授，根據(jù)他們從70年代以來對學(xué)生擇業(yè)的研究，得出的結(jié)論大同小異。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，值得注意的是，雖然金融行業(yè)有極高的金錢回報，還是有很多學(xué)生選擇了其它工作。

確實(shí)如此，你們中有37個人已經(jīng)和“為美國而教”簽約（5）；有一個會去跳探戈，去阿根廷研究舞蹈療法；還有一個將投身于肯尼亞的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展；一個拿了數(shù)學(xué)榮譽(yù)學(xué)位的人要去研究詩歌；另一個要去美國空軍受訓(xùn)當(dāng)飛行員；還有一個要與乳癌作斗爭。你們中有很多人會去讀法律、醫(yī)學(xué)、或其他研究生。但是，絕大多數(shù)人選擇了金融和咨詢，這與戈爾丁和卡茨的調(diào)查結(jié)果不謀而合。《克里姆森報》（6）對去年的畢業(yè)班作了調(diào)查，結(jié)果表明，參加工作的人中，58%的男生和43％的女生做出了上述選擇。雖然今年經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣，這個數(shù)字

還是達(dá)到了39%。

高額的薪水、幾乎難以拒絕的招聘方、能與朋友一起在紐約工作、享受生活，以及有趣的工作——有很多種理由可以解釋這些選擇。你們中的一些人本來就決定過這樣子的生活，至少在一兩年之內(nèi)是這樣。另一些人則認(rèn)為先要利己才能利人。但是，你們還是問我，為什么要走這條路。

在某種程度上，我覺得自己更關(guān)心的是你們?yōu)槭裁磫栠@些問題，而不是給出答案。如果戈爾丁和卡茨教授的結(jié)論是正確的；如果金融行業(yè)的確就是“理性的選擇”，那么你們?yōu)槭裁催€是不停地問我這個問題呢？為什么這個看似理性的選擇，會讓你們許多人覺得難以理解、不盡合理，甚至在某種意義上是出于被迫或必須，而非自愿呢？為什么這個問題會困擾你們這么多人呢？

我認(rèn)為，你們問我的其實(shí)是生活的意義，只不過你們提出的問題是經(jīng)過偽裝的——提問角度是高級職業(yè)選擇中可觀察、可度量的現(xiàn)象，而不是抽象的、難以理解的、令人尷尬的形而上學(xué)范疇。“生活的意義”——是個大大的問題——又是老生常談——把它看成蒙提派森（7）的某部電影的諷刺標(biāo)題或者某一集《辛普森一家》（8）的主題就容易回答，但是當(dāng)作蘊(yùn)含嚴(yán)肅意義的話題就把問題復(fù)雜化了。

但是，暫時拋開我們哈佛人自以為是的圓滑、沉著和無懈可擊，試著探尋一下你們問題的答案。

我認(rèn)為，你們之所以擔(dān)心，是因為你們不想自己的生活只是傳統(tǒng)意義上的成功，而且還要有意義。但你們又不知道如何協(xié)調(diào)這兩個目標(biāo)。你們不知道在一家有著金字招牌的公司里干著一份起薪豐厚的工作，加上可以預(yù)見的未來的財富，是否能滿足你們的內(nèi)心。

你們?yōu)槭裁磽?dān)心？這多少是我們學(xué)校的錯。從一進(jìn)校門，我們就告訴你們，你們會成為對未來負(fù)責(zé)的領(lǐng)袖，你們是最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的是我們的依靠，你們會改變整個世界。我們對你們寄予厚望，反而成了你們的負(fù)擔(dān)。其實(shí)，你們已經(jīng)取得了非凡的成績：你們參與各種課外活動，表現(xiàn)出服務(wù)精神；你們大力提倡可持續(xù)發(fā)展，透露出你們對這個星球未來的關(guān)注；你們積極參與今年的總統(tǒng)競選，為美國政治注入了新的活力。

而現(xiàn)在，你們中有許多人不知道如何把以上這些成績與擇業(yè)結(jié)合起來。是否一定要在有利益的工作和有意義的工作之間做出抉擇？如果必須選擇，你們會選哪個？有沒有可能兩者兼得呢？

你們問我和問自己的是一些最根本的問題：關(guān)于價值、關(guān)于試圖調(diào)和有潛在沖突的東西、關(guān)于對魚與熊掌不可兼得的認(rèn)識。你們正處在一個轉(zhuǎn)變的時刻，需要做出抉擇。只能選一個選項——工作、職業(yè)、讀研——都意味著要放棄其他選項。每一個決定都意味著有得有失——一扇門打開了，另一扇卻關(guān)上了。你們問我的問題差不多就是這樣——關(guān)于舍棄的人生道路。

金融業(yè)、華爾街和“招聘”已經(jīng)變成了這個兩難困境的標(biāo)志，代表著一系列問題，其意義要遠(yuǎn)比選擇一條職業(yè)道路寬廣和深刻。某種意義上，這些是你們所有人早晚都會遇到的問題——當(dāng)你從醫(yī)學(xué)院畢業(yè)并選擇專業(yè)方向——是選全科家庭醫(yī)生還是選皮膚科醫(yī)生；當(dāng)你獲得法學(xué)學(xué)位之后，要選擇是去一家公司工作，還是做公共辯護(hù)律師；當(dāng)你在“為美國而教”進(jìn)修兩年以后，要決定是否繼續(xù)從事教育。你們擔(dān)心，是因為你們既想活得有意義，又想活得成功；你們清楚，你們所受的教育是讓你們不僅為自己，為自己的舒適和滿足，更要為你們身邊的世界創(chuàng)造價值。而現(xiàn)在，你們必須想出一個方法，去實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。

我認(rèn)為，你們之所以擔(dān)心，還有另一個原因——和第一個原因有關(guān)，但又不完全相同。那就是，你們想過得幸福。你們趨之若鶩地選修“積極心理學(xué)”——心理學(xué)1504——和“幸福的科學(xué)”，想找到秘訣。但我們怎樣才能找到幸福呢？我可以給出一個鼓舞人心的答案：長大。調(diào)查表明，年長的人——比如我這個歲數(shù)的人——幸福感比年輕人更強(qiáng)。不過，你們可能不愿意等待。

我聽過你們談?wù)撁媾R的種種選擇，所以我知道你們對成功和幸福的關(guān)系感到煩惱——或者更準(zhǔn)確地說，如何定義成功，才能使之產(chǎn)生并包含真正的幸福，而不只是金錢和名望。你們擔(dān)心經(jīng)濟(jì)回報最多的選擇，可能不是最有意義或最令人滿意的。但你們想知道自己到底應(yīng)該怎樣生存，不論是作為藝術(shù)家、演員、公務(wù)員還是高中老師？你們要怎樣找到一條通向新聞業(yè)的道路？在不知道多少年之后，完成了研究生學(xué)業(yè)和論文，你們會找到英語教授的工作嗎？

答案是：只有試過了才知道。但是，不論是繪畫、生物還是金融，如果你不去嘗試做你喜歡的事；如果你不去追求你認(rèn)為最有意義的東西，你會后悔的。人生之路很長，總有時間去實(shí)施備選方案，但不要一開始就退而求其次。我將其稱為擇業(yè)停車位理論，幾十年來一直在與同學(xué)們分享。不要因為覺得肯定沒有停車位了，就把車停在距離目的地20個街區(qū)遠(yuǎn)的地方。直接去你想去的地方，如果車位已滿，再繞回來。

你們可能喜歡投行、金融或咨詢，它可能就是你的最佳選擇。也許你們和我在柯克蘭樓吃午飯時遇到的那個大四學(xué)生一樣，她剛從西海岸一家知名咨詢公司面試回來。她問：“我為什么要做這行？我討厭坐飛機(jī)，我不喜歡住酒店，我不會喜歡這個工作的。”那就找個你喜歡的工作。要是你在醒著的時間里超過一半都在做你不喜歡的事情，你是很難感到幸福的。

但是，最最重要的是，你們問問題，既是在問我，更是在問你們自己。你們在選擇道路，同時又質(zhì)疑自己的選擇。你知道自己想要什么樣的生活，只是不知確定自己所選的路對不對。這是最好的消息。這也是，我希望，從某種程度上說，我們的錯。關(guān)注你的生活，對其進(jìn)行反思，思考怎樣才能好好地生活，想想怎樣對社會有用：這些也許就是人文教育傳授給你們的最寶貴的東西。人文教育要求你們自覺地生活，賦予你尋找和定義所做之事的內(nèi)在意義的能力。它使你學(xué)會自我分析和評判，讓你從容把握自己的生活，并掌控其發(fā)展路徑。正是在這個意義上，“人文”才是名副其實(shí)的liberare ——自由（9）。它們賦予你開展行動、發(fā)現(xiàn)事物意義和作出選擇的能力。通向有意義、幸福生活的必由之路是讓自己為之努力奮斗。不要停歇。隨時準(zhǔn)備著改變方向。記住我們對你們寄予的厚望，就算你們覺得它們不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，也要記住，它們至關(guān)重要，是你們?nèi)松谋睒O星，會指引你們到達(dá)對自己和世界都有意義的彼岸。你們生活的意義要由你們自己創(chuàng)造。

我迫不及待地想知道你們會變成什么樣子。一定要經(jīng)常回來，告訴我們過得如何。

譯者注：

（1）Increase and Cotton：英克利斯和考特恩父子，都是著名清教徒牧師。Increase Mather 曾任哈佛大學(xué)管理層成員，并參加1692年塞勒姆巫師審判案。其子Cotton Mather。

（2）Mather lather：哈佛大學(xué)每年春天舉行的全校性泡沫派對，即用泡沫機(jī)噴射泡沫鋪滿大廳地面，參加者身穿泳裝跳舞狂歡。在本文中是假設(shè)，指如果在以前，Increase and Cotton父子會參加泡沫派對這一另人頗感神秘的活

動，去消滅女巫，即校長本人。

（3）Veritas：拉丁文，真理，也是哈佛大學(xué)校訓(xùn)。

（4）cold call：營銷人員打給陌生客戶推銷商品的電話。與之相對的是warm call，指打給相識客戶的推銷電話。在文中，特指哈佛法學(xué)院的教授會在課上隨機(jī)點(diǎn)名讓學(xué)生回答問題。

（5）Teach For America：為美國而教，一個教育組織，旨在消除美國某些地區(qū)的教育不公平現(xiàn)象。

（6）Crimson：指The Harvard Crimson，《克里姆森報》，哈佛大學(xué)學(xué)生主辦的校報。

（7）Monty Python：英國六人喜劇團(tuán)體。

（8）Simpsons：《辛普森一家》，美國電視史上播放時間最長的動畫片。

（9）原文中l(wèi)iberal education（人文教育）里的liberal源自于拉丁文liberare，意思是to free，使自由。

第五篇：哈佛大學(xué)校長離職演講

Good bye and good luck!

by Lawrence H.Summers, President of Harvard University

Today, I speak from this podium a final time as your president.As I depart, I want to thank all of youwith whom I have been privileged to work over these past years.Some of us have had our

disagreements, but I know that which unites us transcends that which divides us.I leave with a full heart, grateful for the opportunity I have had to lead this remarkable institution.Since I delivered my inaugural address, 56 months ago, I have learned an enormous amount—about higher education, about leadership, and also about myself.Some things look different to me than they did five years ago.The world that today’s Harvard’s graduates are entering is a profoundly different one than the world administrators entered.It is a world where opportunities have never been greater for those who know how to teach children to read, or those who know how to distribute financial risk;never greater for those who understand the cell and the pixel;never greater for those who can master, and navigate between, legal codes, faith traditions, computer platforms, political viewpoints.It is also a world where some are left further and further behindbut desperately in need of wisdom.Now, when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more frenzied, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believedin the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.Universities are where the wisdom we cannot afford to lose is preserved from generation to generation.Among all human institutions, universities can look beyond present norms to future possibilities, can look through current considerations to emergent opportunities.And among universities, Harvard stands out.With its great tradition, its iconic

reputation, its remarkable network of 300,000 alumni, Harvard has never had as much potential as it does now.And yet, great and proud institutions, like great and proud nations at their peak, must surmount a very real risk: that the very strength of their traditions will lead to caution, to an inward focus on prerogative and to a complacency that lets the world pass them by.And so I say to you that our University today is at an inflection point in its history.At such a moment, there is temptation to elevate comfort and consensus over progress and clear direction, but this would be a mistake.The University’s matchless resourcesdemand that we seize this moment with vision and boldness.To do otherwise would be a lost opportunity.We can spur great deeds that history will mark decades and even centuries from now.If Harvard can find the courage to change itself, it can change the world.