第一篇:外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2014年英漢互譯比賽試題
外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院2014年英漢互譯比賽試題
字體要求:英譯漢 小四,宋體,漢譯英字體Times
New Roman 五號(hào)字體。
英譯漢
The strange lives of Queen Elizabeth’s Roman Catholics AS EVERY English schoolboy knows, Queen Elizabeth I vowed “not to make windows into men’s hearts and secret thoughts”.According to government policy, an Englishman’s inner beliefs were a private matter.However, there is no evidence that Elizabeth actually said these words;the quote comes from her principal secretary, Francis Bacon.It is spin.Catholics were distrusted, spied on, harassed and penalised, often unjustly, as Jessie Childs’s excellent new book lays out.Ms Childs, a British historian, examines one aristocratic family in the Midlands from 1570 to the gunpowder plot in 1605.The Vauxes were not only papists, they were recusants—that is, they refused to go to church on Sundays with their fellow countrymen and stayed at home instead.To the queen’s more zealous pen-pushers, this could only mean treachery.Officials of her successor, James I, thought there had to be a link to the terrorist Guy Fawkes(Vaux was pronounced Vorks).The climate of fear and suspicion was not without reason.In 1570 the pope declared that Roman Catholics should not obey the queen’s laws or commandments.Many assassination attempts were made on the monarch’s life.The most serious was in 1605, when Fawkes tried to blow up Parliament and wipe out London’s entire political elite in one blast.The establishment reacted in each case by rushing out new laws and new offences.It was treason to question the queen’s right to rule.Emigration controls were passed.The import of papal bulls was quashed.Crosses, “hallowed” pictures and rosary beads were
banned.Fines were imposed on non-attendance at church and on “the saying and hearing of Mass”.Stubborn English folk found small ways to register their protest.Roger Flamstead resolved to keep his hat on during prayers for the queen.Sir Richard Shireburn went to church but secretly blocked his ears with wool through the service.Elizabeth was not too concerned with converting the nation, says Ms Childs.Fealty to England(and her rule)was more important than faith in any particular Church of England credo.She and her officials believed that Catholics would go through church rituals and keep up the pretence of belief.The problem was that Catholic belief could not easily be divorced from Catholic practices.To be papist, many thought, required a priest.The government came to fear that Jesuit clerics were in cahoots with the pope.So interacting with a foreign popish priest was made illegal, as was converting someone to Catholicism.The very act of “persuasion” was treason.The result? Priests were smuggled aboard ships dressed as sailors.They lodged in Catholic households like the Vauxes’ and conducted mass on the quiet.A secret network of undercover clergymen emerged, ready to flee in the middle of the night if necessary.Priest-hunters launched dawn raids.One priest went on the run disguised as a jewel merchant;he admitted his costume was “very ridiculous”.Another was required to hide beneath a chimney for four days with nothing to eat but a couple of biscuits and some quince jam.Hidden compartments, trapdoors and fake walls proliferated.This was a time when an Englishman’s home was not his castle.Ms Childs has written an engaging history of English papists, filled with memorable episodes.It poses a number of good questions about liberty and security.Was the Elizabethan state right to suppress certain freedoms? Catholics were certainly a threat to England.But cutting them from their pope, turning belief into treason, asking papists to choose between their queen and their god seems self-defeating.Enemies of the state tend to fight back.13578
漢譯英
春之感悟
三月的初春,濕漉漉、涼習(xí)習(xí),從田間地頭走過(guò),鞋沾滿了春泥。滿眼油菜花黃,李樹(shù)花白,更多的還是綠,新綠的草,嫩綠的芽,翠綠的山??、空氣中的濕,是雨是露?溪流中的水,亦喜亦歡!春天的景致因了水的緣故變得生機(jī)勃勃,難怪春天的水那么有動(dòng)感!春天的水溫,那樣恰到好處,她告別了冬的寒冰,也區(qū)別于夏的洪盛,秋的硬澀,水在春天活起來(lái)了:濕潤(rùn)了土,喚醒了物,鮮活的氣息在大地之上一處處地涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)。于是,花瓣肆意展姿,小鳥(niǎo)哼著歡歌,魚(yú)兒蝌蚪舒展地串動(dòng)嬉逐??
我對(duì)春天給予人的思維活躍頗有些不解,為什么春天來(lái)了,頭腦就格外清醒,思維就輕快了許多。難到也因?yàn)樗看禾斓乃儞Q著形體,包裹著大地。那晨之露、空之濕、迎面的雨絲、腳下的泥濘、花之晶瑩、逢勃的綠和人喜氣的臉,無(wú)處不是春水的化身。哦,春因水孕化,水遇春孵生。春天有了雨水的特質(zhì),成就了自然界萬(wàn)物生命的開(kāi)始,而人類面對(duì)自然萬(wàn)象的更新,也由然感化頓悟。春似乎在鼓澡著人們,用力地?cái)[脫束縛,還歸本真,回歸自然!
在春天,萬(wàn)物蘇醒,活性昂然。于是就有了想象,有了憧景,我驚嘆于春的魔力。春天是希望的季節(jié),在農(nóng)家,要盤想一年的打算,種稻種果種莊稼?在企業(yè),是一年計(jì)劃的開(kāi)始,任務(wù)怎么完成,困難在哪,往往也在初春擬定。而政府,有兩代會(huì),代表們?cè)u(píng)議的除了上年的得失,更多地還是關(guān)注當(dāng)年的預(yù)案。春是“開(kāi)始”的啟迪:生命的開(kāi)始、一年的開(kāi)始、事業(yè)的開(kāi)始、愛(ài)情的開(kāi)始,幸福的開(kāi)始?是啊,春不就意味著美好起點(diǎn)的啟程嘛!
春賦予萬(wàn)物“忘性”,人類也罷,植物也罷,經(jīng)過(guò)陳年的積累,難免布滿艱辛的痕跡,如果不卸下?lián)有冀K負(fù)重前行,堅(jiān)持不了多久,都得累垮下。因此,大自然設(shè)置了春天,讓所有超越了365天生命的物種,可以感悟重拾生命的起始,重燃希望的火煙。春就是要人們學(xué)會(huì)忘記,樹(shù)立還可以重頭再來(lái)的信念。因?yàn)橛辛舜海陀辛诵碌钠鹋芫€,于是也有了賽場(chǎng)上再次的競(jìng)技博拼,有了下一次的期盼和勝利的曙光召喚。
綿綿春雨,綿綿情絲,春雨的纏綿讓人類的愛(ài)情獲得了極致地演譯。春是屬于“青年”的。英俊和美麗賜予了少男少女,他們涌動(dòng)著的愛(ài)的春潮,映襯在春天的每一個(gè)角落,讓大地變得活力四射,滿目的鮮花是大自然給青春的切切祝語(yǔ),而也因了青春,人類得以承續(xù)? 春也屬于青春的心,君見(jiàn)否,不管是壯懷勇者,還是耄耄老人,只要心存年輕,永不懈怠,同樣光彩奪目,神彩熠熠。
春響驚雷,萬(wàn)物蘇醒;春回大地,萬(wàn)象更新。我驚詫于每年春天來(lái)臨之際,感悟新而有異,或許,這就是春之魅力所致吧。1247
第二篇:英漢擬聲詞互譯.
英文擬聲詞與翻譯
試看譯例:
1.風(fēng)蕭蕭,雨蕭蕭,馬蕭蕭。
The wind whistled, the rain pattered and the horse neighed.2.Thunder began to rumble.雷聲開(kāi)始隆隆地響。3.The cart rumbled past.車轱轆轱轆地過(guò)去了。
4.His stomach rumbled emptily.他肚子空空如也咕嚕咕嚕地叫。
5.噠噠噠噠噠!咚!咚!李先生突然抱著頭直跳起來(lái),但隨即像一塊木頭似的倒下去。Rat-ta-ta-ta, boom!boom!Wrapping his arms around his head, Mr.Li leaped up, but immediately fell forward like a log.6.這個(gè)時(shí)候,長(zhǎng)城線上,烽火連天,一輛囚車,卻囚著革命英雄,向南急馳。
At a time when the war was raging along the Great Wall, a Carriage, carrying this
revolutionary hero, went rumbling swiftly southwards.7.Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels and have not charity, I am become a sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal.我若能說(shuō)萬(wàn)人的方言,并天使的話語(yǔ),卻沒(méi)有愛(ài),我就成了鳴的鑼,鈸一般。
8.She drew one out.R-ratch!Now it sputtered and burned.她抽出一根或才,哧!啪!一下子燃著了。
有關(guān)擬聲詞的譯法:
一、同一個(gè)擬聲詞,如例1中的“蕭蕭”,在不同的上下文或結(jié)構(gòu)中,應(yīng)根據(jù)譯文的語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣或地道用法,選用不同的與原文意義對(duì)應(yīng)的詞或表達(dá)方式。
二、根據(jù)上一條,自然可以從另一面總結(jié)出第二種方法,即原文不同句中的幾個(gè)不同擬聲詞可以譯成同一個(gè)詞。如“隆隆地響”、“咕嚕咕嚕地叫”、“ 轱轆轱轆”均可譯成同一個(gè)英文擬聲詞 rumble, 其基本意思是 “make a deep, heavy, continuous sound”。
三、原文中有擬聲詞,譯文中也用擬聲詞相對(duì)應(yīng)。有的譯為獨(dú)詞句,有的譯為動(dòng)詞或名詞的輔助成分。有時(shí)可以將英文的擬聲詞譯為漢語(yǔ)中較為抽象的“..........的叫,...........聲”,如he seemed to hear about him the rustle of unceasing and innumberable wings,耳際仿佛傳來(lái)無(wú)數(shù)翅膀的拍擊聲。
四、原文中沒(méi)用擬聲詞,但很生動(dòng),如例6中的“向南疾馳”,也可以譯成擬聲詞。增加擬聲詞可以增加效果,如The logs were burning briskly in the fire.木柴在火中嗶嗶剝剝燒的正旺。
五、與上一方法相對(duì)應(yīng),原文中用了擬聲詞,譯文中可以不用擬聲詞,而是用其他能產(chǎn)生同樣效果的詞語(yǔ),如例7。譯文也可以不用擬聲詞而直敘其動(dòng)作,如They splashed through the mire to the village.他們一路踏著泥水向村子去。
關(guān)于動(dòng)物叫聲的擬聲詞不管是在英語(yǔ)還是漢語(yǔ)中,都很具體,在互譯中要特別注意選準(zhǔn)具體詞語(yǔ)。英國(guó)人說(shuō)“......動(dòng)物怎么叫?”“What dose a XXX go?”現(xiàn)將最常用的具體詞語(yǔ)列舉如下:
A bee hums(buzzes, drones).蜜蜂嗡嗡(哼哼)的叫。
A fly hums(buzzes, drones).蒼蠅嗡嗡叫。
A mosquito hums(buzzes, drones).蚊子哼哼(嗡嗡)叫。
A bird twitters(chirps, chirrups).鳥(niǎo)叫(嘰嘰喳喳的叫)。
A sparrow twitters(chirps, chirrups).麻雀吱吱喳喳叫。
A cicada chirps(chirrups).知了啾啾叫。
A cricket chips(chirrups).蟋蟀唧唧叫。A crow caws(croaks).烏鴉哇哇叫。
A dove/ pigeon coos.鴿子咕咕叫。
A magpie chatters.喜鵲喳喳叫。
A nightingale jugs(jug-jugs).夜鶯歌唱。
An owl hoots(whoops).貓頭鷹叫。
A parrot squawks.鸚鵡叫。
A wild-goose honks.雁叫。
A crane whoops.(風(fēng)聲)鶴叫。
A bull bellows(lows).公牛哞哞叫。
A cow moos(lows).母牛哞哞叫。
A calf bleats.小牛哞哞叫。A goat bleats.山羊咩咩叫。
A lamb bleats(baas).小羊咩咩叫。A sheep bleats(baas).綿羊咩咩叫。A deer bleats.鹿叫。
A hen cackles(chucks, chuckles, clucks).母雞咯咯叫。A chick cheeps(pips, peeps).小雞唧唧叫。
A cock crows.公雞喔喔叫。
A duck quacks.鴨子呱呱叫。
A goose cackles(gaggles).鵝嘎嘎叫。
An elephant trumpets.大象叫。
A fox yelps.狐貍叫。
An ass brays(hee-haws).驢叫。
A horse neighs(whinnies, knickers).馬叫。
A lion roars.獅吼。
A tiger growls.虎嘯(吼,叫)。
A turkey gobbles.火雞(咯咯)叫。
A whale blows.鯨魚(yú)(撲撲)叫。
A wolf howls(growls).狼(嚎,號(hào))叫。
A frog croaks.青蛙哇哇叫。
A monkey screeches(chatters, gibbers, jabbers).猴子叫(猿啼,猿嘯)。
A mouse squeaks(peeps).老鼠吱吱(唧唧)叫。
A snake hisses.蛇聲咝咝。
A cat miaows(miaus, mews, purrs).貓咪咪叫。
A dog barks(yaps, yelps, bays, snarls, growls, howls).狗汪汪叫(狂叫等)。
A pig grunts(squeals).豬咕嚕咕嚕(哼哼)叫。
其它一些擬聲詞:
1、金屬磕碰聲
當(dāng)啷
clank,clang
2、形容金屬的響聲 當(dāng)當(dāng) rattle
3、金屬、瓷器連續(xù)撞擊聲 丁零當(dāng)啷 jingle, jangle, cling-clang
4、鼓聲、敲門聲 咚咚 rub-a dub, rat-tat, rat-a-tat
5、脆響的(關(guān)門)聲 吧嗒 clik
6、敲打木頭聲 梆梆 rat-tat,rat-at
7、重物落下聲 咕咚 thud, splash, plump
8、東西傾倒聲 嘩啦 crash, clank
9、風(fēng)吹動(dòng)樹(shù)枝葉聲 颯颯 sough, rustle
10、樹(shù)枝等折斷聲 嘎巴 crack, snap
11、不大的寒風(fēng)聲 瑟瑟 rustle
12、踩沙子、飛沙擊物或風(fēng)吹草木 沙沙、颯颯 rustle
13、飛機(jī)螺旋槳轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng) 呼呼 whirr
14、雨點(diǎn)敲擊房頂 噼里啪啦 patter
15、水流動(dòng)聲 拔拉 splash, gurgle
16、物體受壓 嘎吱 creak
喀嚓 crack, snap
17、溪水、泉水流動(dòng)聲 潺潺 murmur, babble, purl
18、液體、沸騰、水流涌出或大口喝水聲 咕嘟 babble, gurgle
19、重物落地聲 撲通 flop, thump, splash, pit-a-pat 20、笑聲、水、氣擠出聲 撲哧 titter, snigger, fizz
21、雷聲、爆炸聲、機(jī)器聲 隆隆 hum, rumble, roll
22、汽笛或喇叭聲 嗚嗚 toot, hoot, zoom
23、油在鍋里 滋滋 sizzle
24、鞭炮爆炸聲 噼啪 pop
25、腳踏樓板聲 登登 clump
第三篇:自我介紹英漢互譯
女士們,先生們大家上午好:
我叫郭若松,是一個(gè)性格活潑、愛(ài)好廣泛的男孩,對(duì)播音主持和奔放的舞蹈更是情有獨(dú)鐘。我喜歡在我的世界里載著夢(mèng)想自由飛翔。如果說(shuō)主持人用語(yǔ)言與觀眾交流,那我更是喜歡舞者使用無(wú)聲的肢體語(yǔ)言與人交流。
而熟知我的老師和同學(xué)們都說(shuō)我是一個(gè)愛(ài)做夢(mèng)的男孩。假如有一天,能夠面對(duì)著麥克風(fēng)——我最親密的朋友,將我心中最美的感受和最多的感動(dòng),通過(guò)聲音和畫面?zhèn)鬟f給更多人。我相信心靈的溝通將是笑顏更加燦爛,情感的交融會(huì)讓忙碌得你我他多一些寬容和關(guān)愛(ài),這就是我的夢(mèng)想和孜孜以求的目標(biāo)。Good morning ladies and gentalman:
I called Guo ruo song is a lively personality, hobbies boy is a soft spot, radio host and imaginative dance.I like to fly freely carrying the dream of my world.If the host language to communicate with the audience, then I like the dancers use the silent body language to communicate with people.And the well-known teacher and classmates say I love dream boy.If, one day, the face of the microphone-my closest friends, the best feelings in my heart and moved passed to more people through sound and pictures.I believe that spiritual communication will be more brilliant smile, emotional blend makes busy you and me a little more tolerant and caring, this is my dream and pursued the goal.
第四篇:英漢詞匯互譯
英漢詞匯互譯的若干方法
(一)準(zhǔn)確理解詞義
1.根據(jù)上下文辨詞義。
2.論褒貶,即要注意同義詞之間有不同的語(yǔ)體色彩、使用范圍及程度。
任何語(yǔ)言都有語(yǔ)體之分,有高雅的、通俗的、粗野 的,還有俚語(yǔ)、公文用語(yǔ)及術(shù)語(yǔ)等。文學(xué)作品中,作家通過(guò)不同的語(yǔ)體來(lái)刻畫人物的性格特征,更是常用的方法。翻譯時(shí),必須審其雅俗,量其輕重,這樣,才能恰如其分地表達(dá)原文的精神。
(1)詞義有輕重的不同
例如表示“打破”的詞
break是最一般的用語(yǔ),意思是經(jīng)打擊或施加壓力而破碎。
crack是出現(xiàn)了裂縫,但還沒(méi)有變成碎片。
crush是從外面用力往內(nèi)或從上往下而壓碎。
demolish是破壞、鏟平或削平(如土堆、建筑物、城堡等)。
destroy是完全摧毀,使之無(wú)法復(fù)原。
shatter是突然使一物體粉碎。
smash舊指由于突如其來(lái)的一陣暴力帶一聲響而徹底粉碎。
又如表示“閃光”的詞
shine照耀;指光的穩(wěn)定發(fā)射。
glitter閃光;指光的不穩(wěn)定發(fā)射。
glare耀眼;表示光的最強(qiáng)度。
sparkle閃爍;指發(fā)射微細(xì)的光度。
(2)詞義有范圍大小和側(cè)重面的不同
在一定上下文中,在agriculture,farming,cultivation,agronomy四個(gè)詞中:griculture指農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)、整個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程,所包含的范圍最廣。farming指農(nóng)業(yè)的實(shí)踐。cultivation指農(nóng)業(yè)物的栽培過(guò)程。agronomy指把科學(xué)原理運(yùn)用到農(nóng)業(yè)耕作中去的實(shí)踐。
又如在empty,vacant,hollow這組同義詞中,它們各自有不同的形容對(duì)象和強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容:
empty可以用來(lái)形容house,room,cup,box,stomach,head,words等詞,表示“空的,一無(wú)所有。”
vacant可以用來(lái)形容position,room,house,seat等詞表示“沒(méi)有人占用的,空缺的。”hollow可以和tree,voice,sound,cheeks等詞連用,表示“空洞的,虛的,不實(shí)的,下陷的。”
(3)詞義有感情色彩(如憎惡、蔑視、諷刺、詛咒、尊敬、親昵等等)和語(yǔ)體色彩(如莊嚴(yán)、高雅、古樸、俚語(yǔ)、方言詞語(yǔ)、公文用語(yǔ)、委婉詞等等)的不同。如“死”就有許多委婉的說(shuō)法:
to expire 逝世
to pass away 與世長(zhǎng)辭
to close(end)one's day 壽終
to breathe one's last 斷氣
to go west 歸西天
to pay the debt of nature 了結(jié)塵緣
to depart to the world of shadows 命歸黃泉
to give up the ghost 見(jiàn)閻王
to kick the bucket蹬腿You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket.to kick up one's heels 蹬腿
又如“懷孕”也有許多委婉的說(shuō)法:
She is having a baby.She is expecting.She is in the family way.She is knitting little booties.She is in a delicate condition.She is in an interesting condition.又如“警察”:
policeman 正式用語(yǔ)
cop 美國(guó)口語(yǔ)
bobby 英國(guó)口語(yǔ)
nab 美國(guó)俚語(yǔ)
3.看搭配。任何一種語(yǔ)言,在長(zhǎng)期使用的過(guò)程中,會(huì)形成一種固定的詞組或常見(jiàn)的搭配。這些比較固定的說(shuō)法,有時(shí)可以譯成另一種語(yǔ)言,有時(shí)則不行。翻譯時(shí),必須注意英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中詞的不同搭配。
以kill為例:
He killed the man.他殺死了那個(gè)人。
He killed his chances of success.他斷送了成功的機(jī)會(huì)。
He killed the motion when it came from the committe e.他否決了委員會(huì)提出來(lái)的動(dòng)議。
He killed three bottles of whisky in a week.他一周內(nèi)喝光了三瓶威士忌。
kill the peace 扼殺和平
kill the promise 取消諾言
kill a marriage 解除婚約
還要注意英漢定語(yǔ)與名詞的搭配不同:
heavy crops 豐收
heavy news 令人悲痛的消息
heavy road 泥濘的路
heavy sea 波濤洶涌的海洋
heavy heart 憂傷的心
heavy reader 沉悶冗長(zhǎng)的讀物
又如:
a broken man 一個(gè)絕望的人
a broken soldier 一個(gè)殘廢軍人
a broken promise 背棄的諾言
a broken spirit 消沉的意志
broken money 零錢
國(guó)際著名品牌趣譯
許多國(guó)際著名品牌源于很平凡的名字,譯為中文必須有巧思。
如果把營(yíng)銷比喻成一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)役,那么成功的品牌名稱就像一面不倒的軍旗。國(guó)際品牌在全球范圍內(nèi)營(yíng)銷,必然要跨越種種文化障礙,如語(yǔ)言差異、消費(fèi)習(xí)慣差異、宗教差異等。把品牌譯為中文必須有巧思。
由于西方國(guó)家的文化比較相似,所以某一個(gè)國(guó)家的品牌比較容易為其他國(guó)家所接受。中華文化與西方文化差異較大,因此,國(guó)外品牌要打入華人市場(chǎng),必須慎重考慮命名問(wèn)題。商品經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象的復(fù)雜,使西方品牌名稱的翻譯超越了語(yǔ)言學(xué)概念,而上升到文化心理和市場(chǎng)重新定位層面。
麥當(dāng)勞:蘊(yùn)含多層意義,比如麥當(dāng)勞,英文名稱是“McDonald’s”,它是店主人名字的所有格形成。西方人習(xí)慣以姓氏給公司命名,像愛(ài)迪生公司、華爾特·迪斯尼公司、福特公司。但是華人通常喜歡以喜慶、興隆、吉祥、新穎的詞匯給店鋪命名,如“百盛”、“天潤(rùn)發(fā)”、“好來(lái)順”、“全聚德”、“喜來(lái)登”。McDonald是個(gè)小人物,他比不上愛(ài)迪生,人家是世界聞名的大科學(xué)家,也不如迪斯尼,因?yàn)榈纤鼓岢闪恕翱ㄍㄊ澜纭钡拇~,所以如果老老實(shí)實(shí)地把“McDonald’s”譯成“麥克唐納的店”,就過(guò)于平淡,而“麥當(dāng)勞”就非常成功:
一,大致保留了原發(fā)音;
二,體現(xiàn)了食品店的性質(zhì);
三,蘊(yùn)涵著“要吃麥就應(yīng)當(dāng)勞動(dòng)”的教育意義;
四,風(fēng)格既“中”又“洋”,符合華人的口味。
可口可樂(lè):絕妙之譯,眾所周知,“可口可樂(lè)”就是“CocaCola”,但是卻很少有人追問(wèn)一句:那是什么意思?原來(lái)Coca和Cola是兩種植物的名字,音譯為古柯樹(shù)和可樂(lè)樹(shù),古柯樹(shù)的葉子和可樂(lè)樹(shù)的籽是該飲品的原材料,古柯葉里面含有古柯堿,也叫可卡因(有時(shí)用做局總麻醉藥,尤其用于眼睛、鼻子或喉嚨,還因其興奮性和刺激性而廣泛用做毒品)。這樣枯燥乏味甚至有點(diǎn)可怕的名字居然被翻譯成“可口可樂(lè)”,真是CocaCola公司的化腐朽為神奇。“可口可樂(lè)”譯名的成功之處在于:
一,保留了原文押頭韻的響亮發(fā)音;
二,完全拋棄了原文的意思,而是從喝飲料的感受和好處上打攻心戰(zhàn),手段高明;
三,這種飲品的味道并非人人喜歡,很多人甚至覺(jué)得它像中藥,但它卻自稱“可口”,而且喝了以后還讓人開(kāi)心。善于進(jìn)行自我表?yè)P(yáng),討好大眾。
上述兩例是保留原品牌名稱發(fā)音,而改變?cè)獾某晒Ψ独F渌缰袊?guó)譯為“奔馳”,新馬譯為“馬賽地”的名牌汽車,原文“MercedesBenz”是該汽車公司老板愛(ài)女的名字,譯為“奔馳”是刪除了復(fù)雜的Mercedes,簡(jiǎn)潔而響亮。
“Ikea”譯為“宜家”是高招,再如“Ikea”家具品牌,即便在瑞典也很少有人知道它的意思,是聰明的中譯者賦予它“宜家”這美好的含義。實(shí)際上,Ikea是該品牌的創(chuàng)始人IngvarKamprad和他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)名Elmtaryd及村莊名Agunnaryd的詞首字母組合。
有的品牌名稱只進(jìn)行音譯,如“麥斯威爾”咖啡,僅僅是“Maxwell”的發(fā)音而已。由于它的訴求對(duì)象是白領(lǐng)階層,尤其是“外向型”白領(lǐng),因此這個(gè)名字是成功的。但如果想讓廣大華人買賬,就不如“雀巢”。在雀巢咖啡剛進(jìn)入中國(guó)大陸時(shí),聽(tīng)村里的農(nóng)民議論:“雀巢”咖啡就是“鳥(niǎo)窩”咖啡。即使沒(méi)文化的人也對(duì)它產(chǎn)生興趣,可見(jiàn)名稱的戲劇性效果非常有利于提高品牌的知名度。
名牌手機(jī)“諾基亞”,芬蘭文原名“Nokia”,是廠子所在小鎮(zhèn)的名字,很顯然,譯文比原文更富有高科技感,好像還有點(diǎn)“承諾亞洲”的味道。
“福士偉根”跟希特勒有關(guān),有的品牌名稱只進(jìn)行意譯。如“福士偉根”(中國(guó)稱“大眾汽車”),德文原名“Volkswagen”,Vokls的意思是人民大眾,Wagen是汽車。
關(guān)于“福士偉根”,還有一段鮮為人知的來(lái)歷:19世紀(jì)二三十年代,汽車非常昂貴,只屬于少數(shù)富人。希特勒上臺(tái)后,宣稱要為全體勞動(dòng)大眾制造汽車,汽車的牌子就叫“Volkswagen”,他號(hào)召人們每月省下一些錢,建立“汽車存款”,若干年后家家有汽車。可是不久戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā),汽車廠忙著造戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)機(jī)器去了。然而戰(zhàn)后大眾汽車的品牌名稱卻保留了下來(lái)。
還有一類是以簡(jiǎn)稱進(jìn)行跨國(guó)界統(tǒng)一傳播,比如慕尼黑的一家汽車廠,德文全稱是BayerischeMotorenWerke(拜耶里奇飛機(jī)引擎生產(chǎn)廠),簡(jiǎn)稱為BMW,后來(lái)它不僅生產(chǎn)飛機(jī)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī),還擴(kuò)展到越野車、摩托單車、高級(jí)轎車。現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有人關(guān)心BMW到底是什么意思,BMW三個(gè)字母圍繞的藍(lán)白徽標(biāo),已成為成功和信譽(yù)的標(biāo)志。其中文名稱“寶馬”是多么浪漫、簡(jiǎn)潔、貼切。
再如,Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company(明尼蘇達(dá)礦業(yè)及制造公司),就是我們熟知的3M公司。西方人對(duì)品牌名稱的要求比較單純:一,簡(jiǎn)單易記;二不重復(fù);三,在別國(guó)語(yǔ)言里不會(huì)產(chǎn)生誤解,對(duì)宗教信仰不要有侮辱性含義。為安全起見(jiàn),有些廠家就干脆造一個(gè)新詞,如康柏公司“Compaq”(美國(guó)電腦生產(chǎn)商)來(lái)源于Compact(電腦術(shù)語(yǔ),意思是密集的、壓緊的),把詞尾變成q,就構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞,它很容易使人聯(lián)想到源詞,使公司的行業(yè)特征非常明顯。
感冒癥狀表達(dá)法
1.I've got a cold./ I've got a bad cold.我感冒了。/ 我感冒很嚴(yán)重。
2.I've got a runny nose./ My nose is running.我流鼻水。
3.I've got a sore throat.我喉嚨痛。
4.I've been coughing day and night.我早晚都在咳嗽。
5.I can't stop sneezing.我打噴嚏打個(gè)不停。
6.I've got a temperature./ I'm running a high fever.我發(fā)燒了。/ 我發(fā)高燒。
7.I've got a very bad headache./ This headache is killing me.我頭很痛。/我頭快痛死了。
8.I feel sore and ache all over.我覺(jué)得全身酸痛。
9.I feel like I'm dying.我覺(jué)得我好象要死了一樣。
10.I feel dizzy./ My head is swimming.我頭暈。/ 我頭昏腦脹的。
關(guān)于[緣]的表達(dá)
緣分 predestined relationship
緣 reason;cause;sake, relationship, edge;fringe, climb
血緣 blood relationship
人緣 relations with people
姻緣 predestined marriage
前世因緣 predestination
天賜良緣 a godsent marriage;a good marriage arranged in Heaven
天緣巧合 a luck coincidence
喜結(jié)良緣 tie the nuptial knot
締結(jié)姻緣 form marital tie
聊得投緣 talk congenially
有緣結(jié)識(shí)某人 be lucky to get acquainted with sb.無(wú)緣結(jié)識(shí)某人 have no opportunity to get acquainted with sb.
第五篇:00英漢互譯答案
00英漢互譯答案
1.The grey-black clouds had suddenly departed and an expanse of colored clouds had blazed up at the western edge of the sky.灰黑的云突然遁去,西天邊燒起一片云彩。
2.A penniless lass with a long pedigree and a sweet face, she had been raised by a scheming aunt to find a million dollars and marry it.這位小姑娘雖然一貧如洗,卻是世家出身,長(zhǎng)得俏麗動(dòng)人,由姑母撫養(yǎng),這位長(zhǎng)輩頗有心計(jì),這心想讓侄女嫁個(gè)百萬(wàn)富翁。
3.John doesn't invite Mary to coffee because she is a wet blanket.約翰不邀請(qǐng)瑪麗去喝咖啡,因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)令人掃興的人。
4.It was an early September day, cool and bright and just right for running, and I was in the first few miles of a 10.5-mile race over a course through steep exhausting hills.那是九月初的一天,秋高氣爽,陽(yáng)光明媚,正是賽跑的好時(shí)光。我正參加一場(chǎng)10.5英里的比賽,剛跑了幾英里。比賽路線要穿越一些陡峭、使人精疲力竭的山坡。
5.I wonder whether he is a Trojan Horse.我不知道他是否是個(gè)內(nèi)奸。
6.It is right here, at Geneva, whose very name evokes peace, the will to peace, cooperation among nations, that after long years of discussion, the negotiations were completed which had started on March 24,1984 at Havana on the necessity of creating as part o f the United Nations system a body responsible for regulating international trade.日內(nèi)瓦是一個(gè)喚起和平、喚起各國(guó)和平意愿與合作的地方。正是在此地,于1984年3月24日在哈瓦那開(kāi)始的曠日持久的談判終于完成了。這次談判的目的是,有否必要在聯(lián)合國(guó)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)建立一個(gè)負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)節(jié)國(guó)際貿(mào)易的機(jī)構(gòu)。7.In China, they “made mistakes”, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory.在中國(guó),他們犯過(guò)錯(cuò)誤,吃過(guò)錯(cuò)誤的虧,承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,研究錯(cuò)誤,從而制定了勝利的方針。
8.The questions were evidently unexpected to the slow-witted spokesman, who instantly found himself tongue-tied.這些問(wèn)題顯然使得這位頭腦遲鈍的發(fā)言人感到意外,他立刻顯得張口結(jié)舌,啞口無(wú)言。
9.They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings.他們駕著一輛黑色大轎車,經(jīng)過(guò)一片片白樺林,穿過(guò)一排排鱗次櫛比的新建筑。
10.Motion is infinite in variety, and the study of certain simple type of motion constitutes the science of mechanics.盡管運(yùn)動(dòng)的方式多種多樣,但是人們通過(guò)對(duì)某些簡(jiǎn)單運(yùn)動(dòng)形式的研究而創(chuàng)立了力學(xué)。
11.理論必須密切聯(lián)系實(shí)際,這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記的一條原則。
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.12.這家小工廠經(jīng)過(guò)技術(shù)改造,發(fā)展很快,使人感到驚訝不已。
This small factory underwent a technological renovation, thus developing with surprising speed.13.我們恢復(fù)和采取這些貿(mào)易方式的原因很簡(jiǎn)單:我們出口商品就是為了滿足國(guó)外客戶消費(fèi)方面的需要。
The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple.Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.14.另一方面,必須用上述材料進(jìn)行廣泛宣傳,使人們認(rèn)識(shí)到,自然保護(hù)區(qū)是保護(hù)自然及文化遺產(chǎn)的基本單位,它們是在人類進(jìn)步里程中長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)中形成的,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)有著重要的作用。
On the other hand, it is necessary to carry on the extensive publicity, enabling the public to know that the protected areas are the basic unit of the management of the natural and cultural heritages which are formed in the struggle process against the nature by human beings and will play an important role in the economic construction.15.最近幾年,學(xué)校對(duì)教學(xué)制度進(jìn)行了改革,最明顯的一點(diǎn)是學(xué)分制,也就是學(xué)生若提前修滿規(guī)定的學(xué)分,就可以提前畢業(yè)。
We have been undergoing some educational reforms in recent years.An obvious method is to adopt credit system which means students can graduate ahead of schedule whey then complete the regular credits.2.1)全球變暖有人們以前擔(dān)心的兩倍那么快。近來(lái)聯(lián)合國(guó)發(fā)表報(bào)告警告說(shuō),21世紀(jì)地球氣溫可能上升近6 攝氏度--比過(guò)去1萬(wàn)年的任何時(shí)候都要迅速。在過(guò)去100年里,地球的氣溫僅上升了0石攝氏度。但20世紀(jì)的最后10年里,氣溫達(dá)到了最高紀(jì)錄。數(shù)個(gè)月前在海牙進(jìn)行的減少5%的溫室氣體排放的談判失敗了。報(bào)道警告說(shuō),若地球氣溫升高5.8攝氏度,隨著海洋變暖和極地冰帽融化,海平面將升高3英尺,幾千萬(wàn)孟加拉人和埃及人將無(wú)家可歸。部分英國(guó)低地也面臨著同樣的危險(xiǎn)。科學(xué)家們相信其預(yù)言的升溫將帶來(lái)風(fēng)暴、洪水和旱災(zāi),部分原因?qū)⑹强諝馕廴緶p少。該報(bào)告是由在上海舉行的有 99國(guó)專家參加的一次會(huì)議上發(fā)布的。這種升溫將部分地歸咎于污染的消除。引起酸雨的二氧化硫氣體排放減少,溫室氣體的影響隨之?dāng)U大'。這些氣體留住"陽(yáng)光中的熱量,而二氧化硫使空氣冷卻。聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化國(guó)際專門小組呼吁各國(guó)政府進(jìn)一步努力,減 少排放礦物燃料燃燒產(chǎn)生的諸如二氧化碳等溫室氣體,以制止全球變暖。
2)置身幸福環(huán)境的人,在思想受到困擾的時(shí)候,總有這種體驗(yàn)。接著,他幾乎會(huì)奢望幸福環(huán)境能分擔(dān)他的困擾并在分擔(dān)中變得更為真實(shí)。在那個(gè)星期天,人們感到,一個(gè)黃金時(shí)代已在昨日宣告結(jié)束,而大地對(duì)這消息尤渾然不覺(jué)。這場(chǎng)變化之所以發(fā)生,不是上帝旨意使然,甚至也不是人類的意志使然,而是因?yàn)檫h(yuǎn)在別處的少數(shù)人怯于開(kāi)誠(chéng)布公地善待同類。他們手中握有足以令他們戰(zhàn)栗的大權(quán)。有一條他們知道不可觸動(dòng)的彈簧,可是如同喜歡搗蛋又戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢的孩子,他們畢竟去觸動(dòng)了,為了他們的淘氣,如今全世界的人要受罪了。于是,翌日早晨,人們看見(jiàn)一名預(yù)備役士兵穿上了制服,在農(nóng)舍門口告別妻孥,爬山出谷去了,臉上仍掛著欣喜的笑容。那是出現(xiàn)麻煩的第一個(gè)朕兆,一點(diǎn)蛛絲馬跡而已,當(dāng)事人更是盡量不事張揚(yáng)。歸根到底,這片谷地遠(yuǎn)在可能燃起的戰(zhàn)火之外,這兒的一應(yīng)作物以及用于今年釀酒的梨子和蘋果都將在和平環(huán)境中收摘?dú)w倉(cāng)。
3.Judging from what we have accomplished in recent years, it should be possible for our economy to reach a new stage every few years.We actually started the reform in 1980.In 1981, 1982 and 1983 it was carried out primarily in the countryside.In 1984 the focus shifted to urban areas.The years from 1984 to 1988 witnessed comparatively rapid economic growth.During those five years rural reform brought about many changes: grain output increased substantially, as did the peasants’ income, and rural enterprises emerged as a new force.The purchasing power of peasants increased and many new houses were built.The “four big items”---bicycles, sewing machines, radios and wristwatches---entered ordinary peasant household, along with some more expensive consumer goods.The increase of farm and sideline products, the expansion of rural markets and the shift of surplus farm labor to rural enterprises stimulated industrial development.In those five years the gross industrial output value amounted to more than 6 trillion Yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 21.7 percent.:Production of processed food, clothing, housing, transportation and commodities for daily use, including major appliances such as color TV Sets, refrigerators and washing machines, increased by a wide margin.There was also substantial growth in the production of capital goods such as rolled steel and cement.Thus, agriculture and industry, rural areas and urban areas had a reciprocal impact, progress in one sector promoting progress in the other.This is a vivid, convincing model of the development process.It can be said that during this period China’s wealth expanded considerably, and the economy as a whole was raised to a new level.