第一篇：法律英語(yǔ)教程第2單元text a翻譯[最終版]

例如，在重申了其1973年的墮胎裁定的1992年裁定中，最高法院以“一種強(qiáng)烈地分裂的爭(zhēng)議”的方式談及了墮胎案，這種爭(zhēng)議“有尋常案件的判決所不具有的維度”。這種“罕見的有先例的力量”在“最高法院對(duì)憲法的解釋要求國(guó)家級(jí)爭(zhēng)議中爭(zhēng)先的一方通過(guò)接受一項(xiàng)普通的指令來(lái)停止其國(guó)家分裂行為，這一指令通常是有礙的而且有先例的會(huì)產(chǎn)生尋常非憲法案件中產(chǎn)生的司法裁定。（？）”

第二，嘗試都沒有考慮“測(cè)試性的個(gè)案”訴訟，這種訴訟現(xiàn)在在最高法院以及下級(jí)的聯(lián)邦法院例行公事地考慮。許多訟案都是超越了任何一方的私人利益的真正地“公開法律訴訟”。在整體上，焦點(diǎn)反而幾乎只在被提起的議題以及他們對(duì)公眾的影響上。一個(gè)例子就是集體訴訟案，在其中，最初的原告以及他/她的問題可能就是全部，但卻有可能被遺忘，但是訴訟無(wú)論如何會(huì)代表著處于相似境遇的待定的一群人繼續(xù)下去。

最終，一如將要在下一部分被討論和在案件中被展示的，憲法條款的解釋將遠(yuǎn)異于法庭將涉及的“尋常”頒布的法律的解釋。確實(shí)，一些人暗示美國(guó)的憲法審查根本就不是司法的，它被更準(zhǔn)確地描述為被“小心地隱藏”在法庭終止法律的“謊言”背后的。我們?cè)缫芽吹健八痉ǖ恼軐W(xué)”是怎樣被感受到/在司法決策中發(fā)揮著重要的作用的。許多“司法哲學(xué)”的元素都觸及了基本的政治價(jià)值這一點(diǎn)是很清楚的。如果這一點(diǎn)需要證據(jù)，那只需要看一看司法選舉的過(guò)程即可，尤其是在最高法院級(jí)別的，它們作為一種黨派選舉運(yùn)動(dòng)是最政治化和最懷惡意的。

第二篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)口譯教程答案第2單元

Unit 2 Passage 1 英國(guó)女王2009 圣誕致詞

過(guò)去每年似乎都各具特點(diǎn)。一些年份讓我們心滿意足，一些年份則最好忘卻。2009 年對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)都是艱難的一年，尤其是那些深受經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退之苦的人們。

我相信，我們所有人都受到阿富汗戰(zhàn)事影響，為英軍士兵傷亡感到悲傷。我們向這些 士兵的家人和朋友表示慰問，他們面對(duì)巨大個(gè)人損失表現(xiàn)得無(wú)比高尚。

但我們應(yīng)該為我們的士兵與盟友一道作出的積極貢獻(xiàn)而感到驕傲。英國(guó)和包括加拿

大、澳大利亞、新西蘭和新加坡在內(nèi)的英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家眼下共有超過(guò)1.3 萬(wàn)名士兵在阿富汗服 役。我們對(duì)這些年輕士兵以及先前在阿富汗服役過(guò)的士兵表示深深感激。

今年是英聯(lián)邦成立60 周年，今天其成員國(guó)25 歲以下人口超過(guò)10 億，為它保持長(zhǎng) 久的強(qiáng)大和實(shí)力提供了力量源泉。

最近我剛剛參加了在特立尼達(dá)和多巴哥舉行的英聯(lián)邦政府首腦會(huì)議，聽到聯(lián)邦對(duì)年輕

人是多么重要。新的通訊技術(shù)使他們能夠接觸到更廣闊的世界，分享他們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)于許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，英聯(lián)邦的實(shí)際援助與網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以提供技能，給予意見和鼓勵(lì)進(jìn)取。令人鼓舞的是，我了解到一些年輕人正在做著一些事情，他們面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，富于創(chuàng)造力 和創(chuàng)新精神。

對(duì)關(guān)系到我們所有人的問題保持討論很重要，它讓我們的大家庭產(chǎn)生更大的價(jià)值。在 英聯(lián)邦成立以來(lái)的大部分時(shí)間里，我都同它聯(lián)系緊密。

我珍視同各國(guó)領(lǐng)袖、人民之間在個(gè)人和生活上的緊密聯(lián)系，這不單是象征意義上的，也能促進(jìn)我們的團(tuán)結(jié)。

英聯(lián)邦并非只是一個(gè)具有某種使命的組織，更是一個(gè)讓各國(guó)人民合作、解決實(shí)際困難 的平臺(tái)。在涉及我們生活的許多方面，不論是體育、環(huán)境、商業(yè)或文化，英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家之間 的聯(lián)系生動(dòng)活潑而且豐富多彩。在很多方面這展現(xiàn)未來(lái)的前景。隨著不斷的支持和貢獻(xiàn)，我相信多元化的英聯(lián)邦國(guó)家之間能加強(qiáng)超越政治、宗教、種族和經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境的凝聚力。眾所周知，圣誕節(jié)是歡慶與家人團(tuán)聚的時(shí)候，但我們也可以借這個(gè)時(shí)機(jī)反思那些國(guó)內(nèi) 外不幸者面臨的困境。

基督徒接受的教義是要愛他們的鄰居，有同情心，樂于慈善和志愿工作，以減輕貧困 和弱勢(shì)者的負(fù)擔(dān)。

我們自己會(huì)面臨一連串的困難和挑戰(zhàn)，這些困難和挑戰(zhàn)會(huì)令我們感到困惑，但我們絕 不能停下腳步，而應(yīng)該繼續(xù)努力，為自己和他人創(chuàng)造更美好的未來(lái)。不論你們現(xiàn)時(shí)身在何處，我都祝愿你們圣誕快樂！Passage 2 美國(guó)第一夫人米歇爾· 奧巴馬在英國(guó)倫敦伊斯靈頓伊麗莎白· 安德森女校的演講（節(jié)選）這是我的第一次出訪，作為第一夫人的第一次外事出訪。你們能相信嗎？雖然這不是 我第一次來(lái)英國(guó)，但我得說(shuō)很高興我的首次官方訪問是來(lái)英國(guó)。美國(guó)和英國(guó)之間的特殊關(guān) 系，不只是基于政府間的關(guān)系，還基于我們有共同的語(yǔ)言和價(jià)值觀。看見你們大家就使我 想到這一點(diǎn)。在訪問期間我特別榮幸地會(huì)見了英國(guó)一些最出色的女性，她們?cè)跒槟銈兯?女孩子鋪路。

我也很榮幸見到你們這些英國(guó)和世界未來(lái)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，盡管我們的生活背景好像相差很 遠(yuǎn)，我是作為美國(guó)第一夫人站在這里，而你們還正在上學(xué)。

但我想讓你們了解我們其實(shí)有很多共同之處。因?yàn)樵谖疑鼩v程中沒有任何東西曾經(jīng)

預(yù)示我會(huì)作為美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)的第一位非洲裔第一夫人站在這里。我的資歷里沒有什么東西 能使我站在這個(gè)位置上。我不是被財(cái)富和資源養(yǎng)大的，也談不上有什么社會(huì)地位。我生長(zhǎng) 在芝加哥市的南部，那個(gè)地方是真正的芝加哥。我出身于工人階級(jí)。父親一輩子是個(gè)市政 工人，母親是個(gè)家庭婦女。她待在家里照顧我和我哥哥。我父母都沒上過(guò)大學(xué)。我爸爸正 值壯年的時(shí)候被診斷患有多種硬化癥。但就在他難以行走，而且早上難以穿衣的時(shí)候—— 我看著他掙扎得越來(lái)越厲害——我父親卻從來(lái)沒有抱怨過(guò)他的困難。他對(duì)于自己擁有的一 切心存感激。他只是起得更早一點(diǎn)，工作得更努力一點(diǎn)。哥哥和我在成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中得到了人 生真正需要的一切：愛，強(qiáng)有力的價(jià)值觀：以及一個(gè)信念：就是靠著良好的教育，還有大 量的辛勤工作，沒有什么是我們做不到的。

我個(gè)人的例子表明女孩子能創(chuàng)造奇跡，只要她們從生命最開始的時(shí)候，就受到周圍人 的愛護(hù)和教養(yǎng)。非凡的女性圍繞著我的生活：祖母，老師，姨媽，表姐妹，鄰居，她們教 會(huì)我沉默的力量和尊嚴(yán)。還有我母親，她是我生命中最重要的榜樣，她和我們住在白宮幫 著照顧我們的兩個(gè)小女兒，瑪麗婭和薩莎。她在孩子們和我的生活中都很活躍，并正在給 她們灌輸那些她曾教給我和我哥哥的價(jià)值觀：同情心、正直、自信和堅(jiān)定。所有這些都包 含在無(wú)條件的愛之中，那是只有一個(gè)祖母才能給予的愛。

我也很幸運(yùn)地從一些男性榜樣那里得到珍愛和鼓勵(lì)，包括我父親、哥哥、叔伯和祖

父。我生命中的男人們也教會(huì)我一些重要的東西。他們教會(huì)我互相尊重的男女關(guān)系應(yīng)該是 什么樣子的。擁有一個(gè)牢固的婚姻是什么感覺：那是建立在信念和承諾之上，以及對(duì)彼此 獨(dú)特天賦的贊賞。他們教我怎樣為人父母、養(yǎng)育家人；不僅要關(guān)注自己的家庭也要伸手去 幫助養(yǎng)育更廣泛的社區(qū)里的孩子。

我也在自己的丈夫身上尋找到同樣的品質(zhì)，他就是巴拉克· 奧巴馬。在我們最初相識(shí) 的時(shí)候，我記得，他帶我出去約會(huì)，而約會(huì)內(nèi)容是和他一起去開一個(gè)社區(qū)會(huì)議。是啊，夠 浪漫的吧。我們相識(shí)的時(shí)候，巴拉克是一個(gè)社區(qū)組織者。他的工作是幫助人家找工作，以 及努力把資源帶給有困難的鄰里。當(dāng)他同那個(gè)社區(qū)中心里的居民交談的時(shí)候他談到兩個(gè)概 念：“現(xiàn)實(shí)世界”和“理想世界”。我在競(jìng)選的整個(gè)過(guò)程中也談到這些。他說(shuō)，我們常常接 受了這兩種觀念之間的差距；有的時(shí)侯我們滿足于現(xiàn)實(shí)世界，即使它沒有反映我們的價(jià)值 14 觀和愿望。但是那天巴拉克提醒了我們，包括在那間屋子里的所有人，我們都知道世界應(yīng) 該是什么樣子的。我們都知道公平、正義和機(jī)會(huì)是什么樣子的，我們?nèi)贾馈Ｋ卮俚?會(huì)的人們，那個(gè)社區(qū)里的人們，使他們獻(xiàn)身于縮小那兩種觀念之間的差距，一起努力把現(xiàn) 實(shí)世界變成和理想世界一樣。

我今天想起這些是因?yàn)槲掖_信，在這所學(xué)校里，你們所有人都是縮小這差距非常重要 的因素。你們是要建立理想世界的女性。你們將寫出歷史的下一個(gè)篇章，不只是為你們自 己，而且是為你們這一代人以及未來(lái)的幾代人。這就是為什么得到良好的教育是這么的重 要。這就是為什么你們正在這經(jīng)歷的所有這一切—— 一切的成功與失敗，所有的老師，無(wú) 論你喜歡與否——都很重要，因?yàn)樯鐓^(qū)和國(guó)家，還有歸根結(jié)底這個(gè)世界，它們的強(qiáng)大取決 于其中女性的健康。記住這一點(diǎn)很重要。我們知道你們能做到。我們愛你們。謝謝大家。Passage 3 在“2009 金融與重慶可持續(xù)發(fā)展研討會(huì)”上的開幕致詞 倫敦金融城市長(zhǎng)陸毅安先生

尊敬的副市長(zhǎng)先生，總領(lǐng)事先生，女生們、先生們：

今天很高興跟各位一道啟動(dòng)“2009 金融與重慶可持續(xù)發(fā)展研討會(huì)”。非常感謝重慶 市金融辦和諾實(shí)公司的曹平先生對(duì)本次研討會(huì)的贊助！

幾周前，我與全國(guó)人大外事委員會(huì)的幾位委員進(jìn)行了會(huì)晤，并聆聽了全國(guó)人大環(huán)資委 的資深委員楊庚宇先生講述中國(guó)正在采取的節(jié)能減排措施。在實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)的低碳復(fù)蘇方 面，我們一致認(rèn)為經(jīng)濟(jì)滑坡給了我們大家投資綠色技術(shù)并出臺(tái)相應(yīng)政策的機(jī)會(huì)，同時(shí)，我 還要指出，這次機(jī)遇也肯定會(huì)給中國(guó)和英國(guó)創(chuàng)造大量的就業(yè)。將這一切變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)的諸多政策已經(jīng)到位。這些政策包括： ●“英中可持續(xù)城市行動(dòng)計(jì)劃”，該計(jì)劃是去年溫家寶總理訪問英國(guó)的時(shí)候簽訂的； ● 2009 年英中峰會(huì)達(dá)成的在氣候變化、低碳示范區(qū)和氣候變化技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓方面的協(xié)議； ● 中國(guó)“十二五”規(guī)劃中的環(huán)境目標(biāo)；

● 最近英國(guó)政府和重慶市政府簽署的備忘錄；

● 同時(shí)，英國(guó)政府還致力于跟中國(guó)政府緊密合作，解決任何突出的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)問題。因此，我們非常希望利用這個(gè)契機(jī)讓重慶成為21 世紀(jì)世界版圖上致力于環(huán)保的中心 城市。

我們知道，一個(gè)重視提高能效和推廣可再生技術(shù)的綠色財(cái)政刺激方案，在全球愈發(fā) 認(rèn)識(shí)到我們必須走向綠色的時(shí)候，肯定能有效地推動(dòng)就業(yè)、刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)，并帶來(lái)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。正如英國(guó)外務(wù)大臣幾周前指出的一樣：“綠色不再是議事日程上的一項(xiàng)議題，它就是整個(gè) 議程。”

雖然接下來(lái)要采取的措施需要這次研討會(huì)討論決定，但這里我想說(shuō)，英國(guó)非常愿意盡 可能地為重慶提供必要的融資和技術(shù)上的支持，并且已經(jīng)在這么做了。渣打銀行與亞洲開 發(fā)銀行的能效提升計(jì)劃就是諸多例子之一。另一個(gè)案例則是諾實(shí)公司力推的極富想象力的“兩河技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)園”項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)其企劃

案，該項(xiàng)目在吸引高科技企業(yè)入園的同時(shí)，將幫助重慶實(shí)現(xiàn)在最近雙方簽署的“重慶－英 國(guó)可持續(xù)城市備忘錄”中提出的城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。當(dāng)然，“兩河技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)園”項(xiàng)目還需要重慶市政府的最終批準(zhǔn)，而且，我們很高興看 到該項(xiàng)目迅速得到了重視。這是好消息！

女士們，先生們，我們?nèi)沃囟肋h(yuǎn)！雙方的良好意愿已經(jīng)以備忘錄和政策的形式得以 體現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)在需要的就是具體落實(shí)！謝謝大家！

Passage 4 斐濟(jì)總理沃雷恩蓋· 姆拜尼馬拉馬上海世博會(huì)電視致詞 致2010 年中國(guó)上海世博會(huì)：

很高興斐濟(jì)可以和其他太平洋國(guó)家一同參加2010 年上海世博會(huì)。2010 年上海世界 貿(mào)易博覽會(huì)是一個(gè)極好的機(jī)會(huì)，它將227 個(gè)參加這次世界文化盛會(huì)的國(guó)家聚集在一起，探索并分享各國(guó)的寶貴創(chuàng)新與經(jīng)驗(yàn)。毫無(wú)疑問，今天世界正見證著一個(gè)巨大的成功，一個(gè) 至少會(huì)吸引全球七千多萬(wàn)訪客的盛大博覽活動(dòng)，一個(gè)以視覺、嗅覺、味覺、聽覺、感覺來(lái) 呈現(xiàn)各國(guó)文化魅力的展示平臺(tái)。

此次博覽會(huì)首次由一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家舉辦，而且規(guī)模如此宏大，體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)政府在籌備

組織的帶領(lǐng)指導(dǎo)下，奉獻(xiàn)、擔(dān)當(dāng)與勤勉的精神。在此，我謹(jǐn)代表斐濟(jì)，向?yàn)榇舜问?huì)成功 籌備和舉辦而付出了不懈努力的中華人民共和國(guó)表示感謝與祝賀，代表我們代表團(tuán)，向中 國(guó)政府世博會(huì)的主辦機(jī)構(gòu)及辛勤努力的工作人員，表示最誠(chéng)摯的感謝，感謝你們的幫助和 奉獻(xiàn)。我要祝賀你們團(tuán)隊(duì)，并保證太平洋國(guó)家館將會(huì)盡展我們的祝愿和我們這個(gè)地區(qū)的獨(dú) 特之處，而斐濟(jì)展臺(tái)更將是一份獨(dú)特的體驗(yàn)。我還想感謝中國(guó)主辦機(jī)構(gòu)提供的財(cái)政幫助。這是一個(gè)讓世界了解中國(guó)的有利時(shí)機(jī)，是發(fā)展并加強(qiáng)與各參展國(guó)之間合作關(guān)系的絕佳契 機(jī)，斐濟(jì)非常榮幸可以成為其中的一員。

這次博覽會(huì)為我們提供的跨文化對(duì)話的創(chuàng)新和互動(dòng)，集中體現(xiàn)了今年的主題“城市，讓生活更美好”。這一主題體現(xiàn)了我們要改善身處其中的社會(huì)環(huán)境的追求，而科學(xué)技術(shù)的 發(fā)展以及此次博覽會(huì)的質(zhì)量則反映了這一主題，并且提醒我們?cè)谔峁┤祟惢拘枨蟮耐瑫r(shí) 還應(yīng)改善和豐富城市人民的生活。

能夠參加2010 年上海世博會(huì)是斐濟(jì)以及其他太平洋島國(guó)的驕傲，我們覺得我們也為

此次博覽會(huì)的成功作出了貢獻(xiàn)。我相信2010 上海世博會(huì)必將長(zhǎng)久地留存于我們的記憶。預(yù)祝博覽會(huì)圓滿成功，謝謝你們。

Passage 5 奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在歡迎胡錦濤主席訪美儀式上的致詞

各位早上好！胡主席、中國(guó)代表團(tuán)的各位成員：我謹(jǐn)代表米歇爾，并以我個(gè)人的名 義，歡迎你們光臨白宮。我還要代表美國(guó)人民，歡迎你們?cè)L問美國(guó)。年前，也是在一月的一天，另外一位美國(guó)總統(tǒng)曾經(jīng)站在這里，歡迎另外一位中國(guó) 16 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，共同慶祝美國(guó)和中華人民共和國(guó)關(guān)系正常化這一歷史事件。那一天，鄧小平在講 話中談到了我們兩國(guó)展開合作的偉大前景。

如今回首1979 年的那個(gè)冬日，就可以明顯地看出，在那之前的30 年里，我們兩國(guó) 彼此隔絕疏遠(yuǎn)；而其后的30 年，是我們不斷交流和理解增長(zhǎng)的年代；這次訪問可以為今 后30 年打下基礎(chǔ)。

當(dāng)前，有些人對(duì)美中合作所帶來(lái)的好處持懷疑態(tài)度，而這次訪問也是展示一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單

真理的時(shí)機(jī)，那就是，對(duì)方的成功，對(duì)我們本方的利益是事關(guān)重大的。在一個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián) 的世界里，在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中，各個(gè)國(guó)家，包括我們兩國(guó)在內(nèi)，齊心協(xié)力就會(huì)更加繁榮、更 加安全。

美國(guó)歡迎中國(guó)作為國(guó)際社會(huì)強(qiáng)大、繁榮和成功的一員而崛起。的確，中國(guó)的成功給我 們兩國(guó)人民都帶來(lái)了經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠，而我們?cè)谝幌盗袉栴}上的合作也推進(jìn)了亞太地區(qū)乃至世界 的穩(wěn)定。

我們也知道這一點(diǎn)：歷史表明，當(dāng)所有國(guó)家和人民的權(quán)利和責(zé)任，包括每一個(gè)人所

享有的普世的權(quán)利得到維護(hù)時(shí)，社會(huì)就會(huì)更加和諧，國(guó)家就會(huì)更加成功，世界就會(huì)更加 公正。

主席先生，我們可以向我們的人民學(xué)習(xí)，中國(guó)和美國(guó)的學(xué)生和教育家、企業(yè)界人士、游客、研究人員和科學(xué)家，包括今天在場(chǎng)的華裔美國(guó)人，每天都在并肩合作，共同努力。他們知道，即使我們兩國(guó)在某些領(lǐng)域彼此競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，我們還可以在許多其他領(lǐng)域本著相互尊重 的精神，為了我們共同的利益進(jìn)行合作。

鄧小平先生多年前說(shuō)過(guò)的話仍然符合實(shí)際，我們兩國(guó)合作的可能性依然十分廣闊。

胡主席，中國(guó)代表團(tuán)的成員，讓我們共同抓住這些可能性吧。歡迎來(lái)到美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)。歡迎！Passage 6 Minister Cheng Deming’s Opening Address at the 6th China-ASEAN Expo Your Excellency Vice Premier Li Keqiang, Ladies and gentlemen, Today, we are gathered in the beautiful city of Naning to welcome a magnificent exposition, to enjoy the fruits of our partnerships and envision a promising common future.On behalf of the Ministry of Commerce of China, I would like to extend a warm welcome and heartfelt gratitude to the many old and new friends who have been supporting and participating in the 6th China-ASEAN Expo.China and the ASEAN are good friends, good neighbors and good partners.Recent years have seen our bilateral economic and trade ties breaking successive new grounds.We have worked together to build this 17 platform of the China-ASEAN Expo, bringing benefits of investment and trade facilitation to the enterprises and people of this region and accelerating construction of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area.We shall be very happy to see the launching of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area as scheduled in the beginning of next year.This FTA, as one of the largest of its kind in the world and benefiting 1.9 billion people, will push the China-ASEAN partnership to new heights.This year’s Expo, taking advantage of this strategic timing, will be more pragmatic in contents, more in-depth in cooperation and more wide-ranging in communication.It will surely contribute to the efforts of all parties to deal with the international financial crisis, promote investment and trade facilitation, tide over current difficulties and achieve mutual win-wins.I wish the 6th China-ASEAN Expo a full success and thank you all very much!Passage 7 Governor Jiang Jufeng’s Remarks at the Welcoming Banquet for the South Asia-Sichuan Regional Business Promotion Seminar Your Excellency Vice Chairman Yu Ping of CCPIT, Your Excellency President Annisul Huq of SAARC Chamber of Commerce, Ladies and gentlemen, Good evening!The Sichuan Provincial People’s government is hosting a reception banquet here tonight to welcome the distinguished leaders and guests attending the South Asia-Sichuan Regional Business Promotion Seminar.As a major province in West China, we in Sichuan will spare no efforts in promoting the friendly exchanges and common development between Sichuan and South Asian countries.I am convinced that the ever more wideranging and sincere and mutually beneficial cooperation between our two sides will be conducive to the regional common development, bringing more rewards to the people in Sichuan and South Asia.Presented at tonight’s welcoming banquet are leaders of the chambers of

commerce of the eight South Asian countries, diplomats from your embassies and consulates and representatives of the business communities.May I wish you all pleasant conversations and new friendships at the banquet, and a wonderful stay in our beautiful province!18 To conclude, may I wish the South Asia-Sichuan Regional Business Promotion Seminar a great success, and all the guests here great health and good appetite!Thank you!Passage 8 Chief Executive Ho Hau Wah’s Toast at the Dinner Marking the 10th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Macao SAR Your Excellency President Hu Jintao and Madame Liu Yongqing, Distinguished guests, friends, Ladies and gentlemen, On the eve of the 10th anniversary of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, I am honoured to welcome again our leader President Hu Jintao to Macao and join us here tonight.First of all, on behalf of the Government and the citizens of the Macao Special Administrative Region, I would like to extend our warmest welcome and highest respect to President Hu and Madame Liu, as well as all leaders from the Central Government’s delegation.At the same time, let me extend our cordial greetings and heartfelt gratitude to all guests and friends present.In the past ten years, under the leadership and support of the Central Government, and with the coordinated efforts of our citizens, the Macao SAR Government rigorously upheld the Basic Law of Macao in the course of our governance, and was fully committed to the implementation of the principle of “one country, two systems”.Today, the stability of our society in Macao is ensured.Overall strength of our city is raised.The livelihood of our residents continues to improve.The building of our institution is gradually enhanced.The tradition of patriotism is passed on through generations.The successful implementation of “one country, two systems”, “Macao people governing Macao” and a high degree of autonomy has achieved early results.This has demonstrated the objective correctness and ample vitality of these principles.Dear guests, ladies and gentlemen, On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the Macao Special Administrative Region, we deeply feel the wisdom and bold vision of Mr.Deng Xiaoping who founded the great cause of “one country, two systems”.We also remember the encouragement entrusted to us by President Jiang Zemin on the first anniversary of Macao’s return to our Motherland.We will also never forget the arrival to Macao of President Hu Jintao on the fifth 19 anniversary of the Macao SAR and his important four-point suggestion which has been giving us fundamental guidance.The ten-year course of development of the Macao SAR vividly shows that the successful implementation of “one country, two systems” in Macao relies on the unswerving concern and support from the Central Government and people all over the country.Here, I would like to extend our profound appreciation to President Hu Jintao, the Central Government and all Chinese people.I would also like to take this opportunity to thank President Hu and the Central Government for the trust and support bestowed on me.At the same time, allow me to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all citizens and civil servants in Macao for their understanding and support.The history of the Macao SAR will turn a new page tomorrow.I truly believe that under the leadership and support of the Central Government, our third term Chief Executive, Mr.Chui Sai On, will lead the new administration and the people in Macao to uphold the Basic Law and strive in unity in order to create a new wave of prosperity and harmony in Macao, and to bring the successful implementation of “one country, two systems” to the next new level.Ladies and gentlemen, May I now propose a toast, to the health of President Hu and Madame Liu, to the health of all guests and friends, to the prosperity of our motherland and the bright future of Macao.Cheers!Passage 9 President Xie Heping’s Introductory Speech Before Pakistan

Prime Minister Aziz’s Talk at Sichuan University

Your Excellency Prime Minister Aziz of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Your Excellency Vice Governor Huang Xiaoxiang of the Sichuan Provincial People’s Government，Your Excellency Mr.Luo Zhaohui, ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Faculties, students, Ladies and gentlemen, Today, we are extremely honored to have with us His Excellency Mr.Shaukat Aziz, Prime Minister of Pakistan and an old friend of the Chinese people.On behalf of Sichuan University, I would like to extend our most 20 sincere gratitude and warmest welcome to Prime Minister Aziz and the other distinguished guests presenting here.Mr.Shaukat Aziz is a legend in both political and financial circles.He spent over 30 years in banking and finance in a number of countries including Jordan, the Phillipines, Malaysia, the United States and the UK.Since 1992 he served as Vice President of Citibank of America for 7 years.He was appointed as Pakistan’s Minister of Finance and in 2004, he became the Prime Minister of Pakistan.His rich experience and great wisdom in handling complicated problems have played a critical and profound role in promoting Pakistan’s social and economic development.During his tenure of office, Pakistan has enjoyed basic social stability.Pakistan’s industrial growth soared from 3.8 percent in 2001 to 14 percent in 2004.With an unprecedented annual economic growth rate of 8.4 percent, Pakistan ranks second in Asia, next only to China.With the new strategy of “open and moderate development” implemented in recent years, the Pakistani government has also made significant contributions to the international anti-terrorist campaign, world peace and stability and regional economic advancement.China-Pakistan friendship dates far back and runs a long course.The two countries have been treating each other with all sincerity and cooperating in a mutually beneficial manner, and this has set a good example to the stateto-state relations in the world.We are proud of our friendship, and cherish every moment of the communication and cooperation between the two countries.I believe Mr.Aziz’s speech today will open our eyes and broaden our minds, and will be of great significance to promoting our opening-up and regional social and economic cooperation.Now ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming our honorable guest, His Excellency Prime Minister Aziz.Passage 10 Remarks by President Hu Jintao at the White House at the Official Arrival Ceremony Mr.President, Mrs.Obama, ladies and gentlemen, dear friends, it gives me great pleasure to come to Washington and pay a state visit to the United States at the beginning of the new year, at the invitation of President Obama.At this point in time, let me extend, on behalf of the 1.3 billion Chinese people, sincere greetings and best wishes to the people of the United States.I have come to the United States to increase mutual trust, enhance 21 friendship, deepen cooperation, and push forward the positive, cooperative, and comprehensive China-U.S.relationship for the 21st century.Over the past 32 years, since the establishment of diplomatic ties, the China-U.S.relationship has grown into one with strategic significance and global influence.Since President Obama took office, with concerted efforts of the two sides, our cooperation in various fields has produced fruitful results and our relations have achieved new progress.This has brought real benefits to our two peoples, and contributed greatly to world peace and development.As we enter the second decade of the 21st century, the people of both China and the United States want to see further progress in our relations and people around the globe want to see greater prosperity in the world.Under the new circumstances, and in the face of new challenges, China and the United States share broad common interests and important common responsibilities.We should adopt a long-term perspective, seek common ground while resolving differences, and work together to achieve sustained, sound, and steady development of our relations.I hope that through this visit, our two countries will advance the positive, cooperative, and comprehensive relationship, and open a new chapter in our cooperation as partners.Ladies and gent lemen, our wor ld today is undergoing major development, major changes and major adjustments.To pursue peace, development and cooperation is the irresistible trend of our time.Let us seize the opportunity to forge ahead, hand in hand, and work together to enhance cooperation as partners, and let us work with all other countries to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity.Thank you once again, Mr.President, for your warm welcome.22

第三篇：研究生英語(yǔ)教程《法律英語(yǔ)》譯文2

在11世紀(jì)末,博洛尼亞大學(xué)開始教授羅馬法,尤其是《法律大全》。這在一開始是一項(xiàng)單純的學(xué)術(shù)活動(dòng)，因?yàn)榱_馬法在西歐任何一個(gè)地方不再是法律。這標(biāo)志著之后被認(rèn)為三羅馬法淵源的開端。之后其他西歐大學(xué)緊跟博洛尼亞的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，幾世紀(jì)后由于一些復(fù)雜的原因這里就不再贅述，羅馬法在歐洲大陸幾乎任何一個(gè)地方都被接受。它成為歐洲大陸的“普通法”。

羅馬法事實(shí)上被接受限于我們所稱的“私法”（所有權(quán)，侵權(quán)，合同等）。那是為什么民法學(xué)家把我們所說(shuō)的私法簡(jiǎn)單的稱為“民法”。（公民權(quán)，物權(quán)和債權(quán)）。

盡管現(xiàn)在大部分民法國(guó)家都有一部民法典，但事實(shí)上法典化是近期的一種現(xiàn)象。第一部民法典僅僅可以追溯到1804年，而第一部日耳曼民法典可以追溯到1896年。

法國(guó)和日耳曼法典是兩個(gè)主要的民法類型。拿破侖把他的法典帶到了他和他的軍隊(duì)所到達(dá)的任何一寸土地。法國(guó)民法典類型在拉丁語(yǔ)國(guó)家包括歐洲和美洲都有深遠(yuǎn)影響。在蘇維埃政權(quán)（蘇聯(lián)）占領(lǐng)之前，它也深深影響了前歐洲國(guó)家。日耳曼法已被日本接納。

2，法律方法——比較

你一定了解民法法律方法教程和你所學(xué)的會(huì)完全不一樣。在你法律職業(yè)生涯的開端，你意識(shí)到在不同的社會(huì)形態(tài)和文化形態(tài)中法律會(huì)扮演著不同的角色，這點(diǎn)相當(dāng)重要。在美國(guó)，你將學(xué)習(xí)的不是應(yīng)然法而是實(shí)然法。下面是關(guān)于民法與普通法的一些區(qū)別。

首先，在普通法國(guó)家，判例通常被認(rèn)為是主要的法律淵源。法律方法教程是以判例教學(xué)為起點(diǎn)的。在羅馬法國(guó)家，判例至少在理論上不會(huì)被簡(jiǎn)單的看作是一種法律的淵源。現(xiàn)實(shí)更可能是這樣的：在普通法國(guó)家立法變得更加重要，在羅馬法國(guó)家判例變得越來(lái)越重要。但是，羅馬法學(xué)家和普通法學(xué)家對(duì)立法和判例的態(tài)度卻截然不同。

羅馬法學(xué)家傾向于把民法典看作為一部包羅萬(wàn)象的文書。他們?cè)敢鈱?duì)其進(jìn)行大量的解釋，使為了讓其達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)整個(gè)司法的目的。該部法典適用于這種解釋是因?yàn)樗臈l款通常被制定的相當(dāng)籠統(tǒng)抽象。

相對(duì)而言，在普通法管轄區(qū)立法更傾向于被認(rèn)為是判例法的一種例外。因而法院傾向于更嚴(yán)格的解釋法律。結(jié)果，法院和立法者為了解決相當(dāng)特殊的問題，就要傾向于用特殊條文來(lái)闡述法律規(guī)則。一般情況下，判例和立法不應(yīng)該運(yùn)用抽象條款或者闡述一般原則。

民法學(xué)生將研習(xí)“法律學(xué)說(shuō)”而不是案例。“法律學(xué)說(shuō)”是法學(xué)教授對(duì)法律是什么和應(yīng)該是什么的文章的匯集。在民法中，“法律學(xué)說(shuō)”被認(rèn)為是法源的一種并享有很高的贊譽(yù)。你應(yīng)該記得的是：是高等學(xué)府，而不是法院，將民法再次引入了歐洲大陸。因而后不意外的是法學(xué)專家在給法律下定義的時(shí)候仍扮演著重要的角色。普通法專家一般在他們自己管轄區(qū)內(nèi)沒有同等的地位，法官享有最高聲望。

每個(gè)國(guó)家的法學(xué)教育不盡相同，但可以很直接的說(shuō)，美國(guó)法學(xué)教育很新穎并且在很多方面是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。案例法或問答法對(duì)于美國(guó)是很獨(dú)特的。你一定很清楚的是，在民法國(guó)家“判和例”不被予以考慮。在那些國(guó)家（正如英國(guó)的案例中）法律就是學(xué)士學(xué)位。法學(xué)教育比在美國(guó)更悠久。教育方式具有權(quán)威性——教授講法律知識(shí)傳授給他或者她的那些做筆記并且不干擾課堂的學(xué)生。

第四篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2翻譯

To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking.Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important.Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English.It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result.As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year.We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.George, the son of Mr.Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep.Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference.They called Mr.Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking.Mr.Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue.As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.” In the end George traded his CDs for computer games software from his classmates.Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer.I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier.I can write, subm it and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss.With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news.But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times.The system may crash.Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret

Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry.You needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of crying.Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.Consider the case of /Take Donna.Her son unfortunately died in a car accident.The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry.She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry.And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders.It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”

Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT.She craves knowledge and works hard.However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus.Men and women professors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective.It is ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institutions of higher education.When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight.So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President.The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equity advocate.Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believe

that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: the Indo-European parent language.English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century.They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English.In over fifteen centuries of its development, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing.As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English.Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language

第五篇：大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程2翻譯

To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking.Besides, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important.Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English.It is also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result.As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.With more and more donations coming in, our university will be much better off financially next year.We will thus be able to focus on the most important task that we, educators, must take on: to encourage students to attain their scholarly/academic goals, to train them to be dependable and responsible individuals, to prepare them for the life ahead, and to guide them in their pursuit of spiritual as well as material satisfaction.George, the son of Mr.Johnson, liked listening to heavy metal music in the evenings, which made it hard for other residents in the community to fall asleep.Eventually the exhausted neighbors lost their patience and decided on direct interference.They called Mr.Johnson to tell him in a frank manner what they were thinking.Mr.Johnson assured them that he would certainly settle the issue.As soon as he put down the phone he scolded his son, “What has come over you? You should know better than to disturb others for your own amusement.” In the end George traded his CDs for computer games software from his classmates.Perhaps you envy me for being able to work from home on the computer.I agree that the Internet has made my job a lot easier.I can write, subm it and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss.With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news.But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times.The system may crash.Worse still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret

Numerous facts bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry.You needn’t/don’t have to be ashamed of crying.Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears.Consider the case of /Take Donna.Her son unfortunately died in a car accident.The intensity of the blow made her unable to cry.She said, “It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry.And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders.It was the tears that brought me back to earth and helped me survive the crisis.”

Nancy Hopkins is a biology professor at MIT.She craves knowledge and works hard.However, as a scientist, she could not help noticing all kinds of indications of gender inequality on campus.Men and womenprofessors did the same work, but when it came to promotion the administrators were rather selective.It is ironic that after so much cultural progress, women were still at a disadvantage in institutions of higher education.When her request for more lab space was refused, she knew she had to fight.So she gritted her teeth and complained to the President.The fight ended in victory and Nancy was converted into a gender-equity advocate.Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery to many people, linguists believe

that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source: theIndo-European parent language.English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century.They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English.In over fifteen centuries of itsdevelopment, English has enriched itself by massive borrowing.As British immigrants landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the Englishlanguage: American English.Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language