第一篇：一般過去與現在完成對比練習

三、用適當的時態填空：

1.She’s _____________(live)here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them ________________(be)in Hong Kong for ten days.3.Both of them ____________(come)to Hong Kong ten days ago.4.Half an hour __________(pass)since the train __________(leave).5.Mary________(lose)her pen.________ you _______(see)it here and there?

6._________ you _____(find)your watch yet?

7.---Are you thirsty?---No I _________just _________(have)some orange.8.We----already _________(return)the book.9.________ they _______(build)a new school in the village?

10.I _____________(not finish)my homework.Can you help me?

11.My father _____(read)the novel twice.12.I _________(buy)a book just now.13.I _________(lost)my watch yesterday.14.My father ___________(read)this book since yesterday

三、用適當的時態填空：

1.lived / has been living

2.have been

3.went

4.has passed;left

5.has lost;have , seen

6.Have , found

7.have , had

8.have , returned

9.Have , built

10.haven’t finished

11.has read

12.bought

13.lost

14.have been reading / has read

第二篇：一般過去與現在完成1

)經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。

時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday

I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2)客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。

The earth moves around the sun.不受時間限制的Shanghai lies in the east of China.客觀存在表示格言或警句中。

Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。

注意：此用法如果出現在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現在時。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..3)現在時刻的狀態、能力、性格、個性、特征。

I don't want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.※4)由連詞ifunlessbeforeas soon aswhen oncehowever等引起的時間(條件、讓步)狀語從句,需要用一般現在時,表示將來時.第一句用一般現在時，用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back.第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現在時。

現在完成時用法解析

1.構成現在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。

2.用法

（1）表示動作發生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如：

-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes,I have.I've just had it.你（已經）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現在我不餓了）

（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。如：He has taught here since 1981

他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續教）

I have't seen her for four years.我有四年沒見到她了。

（3）表示說話前發生過一次或多次的動作，現在成為一種經驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時間狀語。

如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。

3.現在完成時的時間狀語

（1）現在完成時屬于現在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強調動作產生的后果和影響時，可以和一些

表示不確定的時間狀語連用。

a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑

問句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經”或“從未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經去過長城嗎？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。

c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just,before,up to now,the past few

years等。

例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where.我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。

He has been there three times the last few days.近幾年他去過那里三次了。

d.用包括“現在”在內的時間狀語，如：now,today,this

morning(month,year,term)等。

例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.今天你見過他嗎？我 沒有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去過那里多少次？

（2）現在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或

狀態從某一時刻開始，一直持續到現在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像

come,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”

等延續性動詞來表述?，F歸納總結一下由非延續性動詞到延續性動詞的轉換：

arrive→be herebegin(start)→be on

die→be dead

fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→be upgo out→be out

finish →be overput on→wear 或be on

open→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…

close→be closedgo to school→be a student

borrow→keepbuy→have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study→studycome to work→work等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。

We have studied English for three years.我們（開始）學英語已三年了。

4.現在完成時和一般過去時的區別

現在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作。但現在完成時強調的是這一動

作與現在的關系。如對現在產生的結果或影響等，而一般過去時只表示動作在過去某一時刻

發生，不表示和現在的關系。試比較：

I have lost my new book.我把新書丟了。（現在還未找到）

I lost my new book yesterday.我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現在找到與否沒

說明）

5.幾點注意事項

（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區別：have been(to)表示“去過某地（現在已經回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當地）”，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never,several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們去過北京兩次。

He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

（2）如單純表示一段時間，或強調一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。

如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for twoyears.他父親去世已有三年了。

（3）終止性動詞現在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續的狀態，因此可以和

表示一段時間的狀語連用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離

開過這兒。

第三篇：三課對比練習

三課對比練習

一、《岳陽樓記》與《醉翁亭記》

1.★范仲淹在《岳陽樓記》中表達了強烈的憂患意識，而歐陽修在《醉翁亭記》中抒發了“與民同樂”的政治理想，范仲淹的“憂”與歐陽修的“樂”在本質上有什么聯系？

“憂”與“樂”在本質上是一致的。范仲淹無論位居高官還是退居民間，都掛念國家、百姓；歐陽修雖然遭到貶謫而失意，但是依然積極施政，與百姓同樂。他們都關心天下，以天下蒼生為念，始終關心百姓疾苦，關注百姓憂喜。

2.★簡要地比較一下《醉翁亭記》與《岳陽樓記》所表達的快樂觀的異同。

相同的是：都是表達樂觀向上，以民為本的思想（把個人歡樂與人民歡樂聯系在一起）不同的是：《岳陽樓記》等人民快樂之后自己才快樂；《醉翁亭記》是與民同樂，一起享樂。

3.《岳陽樓記》寫登樓所見，《醉翁亭記》寫登山所見。兩文描寫的景物還有何不同？ ①《岳陽樓記》寫水景，《醉翁亭記》寫山景；②《岳陽樓記》寫了朝暮之景，《醉翁亭記》既寫了朝暮之景，又寫了四時之景；③《岳陽樓記》寫景是為了突出闊大壯觀，而《醉翁亭記》寫景則是為了突出其秀美多變。（以上三點要求全答）

4.請簡要分析兩文駢散句相互結合交融的異同，并說說是如何做到的。

相同之處：駢句句中自對，兩兩相對，再夾以駢偶句，加強了韻律美。中間寫景狀物多用駢句，詞采華美，音韻和諧，出語自然，渾然天成，毫無雕琢的痕跡；

不同之處：《醉翁亭記》還運用了大量的虛詞。全文共用了21個“也”字和25個“而”字，把詩一樣整齊的句子斷開，讓他帶上散文的韻味。這樣整散結合，使文章既有詩的意境，又有散文的美感，加強了回環詠嘆的意味。

二、《醉翁亭記》與《小石潭記》

1.★《醉翁亭記》與《小石潭記》都寫到了自然景色帶來的“樂”，但用意有什么不同？ 《醉翁亭記》借山水之樂表達了自己與民同樂，隨遇而安的情感；《小石潭記》則是以樂襯悲，表達了懷才不遇，處境凄涼的憂郁之情。（表達的情感不同！）

2.★《醉翁亭記》第二段在描寫瑯琊山的山水和《小石潭記》第一段寫小石潭的水，在寫法上有什么異同？

相同之處都是抓住了景物的特點。不同之處就是《醉翁亭記》是從一天早晚，一年四季的角度概括抽象地寫，《小石潭記》則是選擇了具體的細節仔細地刻畫，而且是通過水中的游魚側面烘托出水的清澈（寫作手法上的不同點，高度囊括與細節描寫?。?/p>

八年級下學期語文科復習資料提綱（2011-2012）

第四篇：英漢語言對比與翻譯練習

英漢語言對比與翻譯練習

注意事項：

１．英漢語言句法／句式差別； ２．體會英漢互譯句式轉換規律； Sentences:

1.In praising the logic of the English language we must not lose sight of the fact that in most cases where, so to speak, the logic of facts or of the exterior world is at war with the logic of grammar.2.邢夫人攜了黛玉坐上，眾老婆們放下車簾，方命小廝們抬起，拉至寬處，加上訓騾，出了西腳門往東，過榮府正門，如一黑油漆大門內，至儀門前，方下了車。

3.When about three hundred men had been landed from these vessels and were marching rapidly to camp, the Morini, who had been left by Caesar in a state of peace when he set out for Britain, were fired by the hope of booty, and surrounded the troops, at first with no very large number of folk, bidding them lay down their arms if they did not wish to be killed.4.I had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointed to a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode on.5.Mr.Kennedy apparently was hit by the first of what witness believed were three shots.6.And he knew how ashamed he would have been if she know had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born..7.The original members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations conference on International Organization at San Francisco, or having previously signed the Declaration by United Nations of 1 January 1942, sign the present charter and ratify it in accordance with Article 110.8.After watching the fish for some time, they asked me for pairs of several different kinds, pointing them out as they walked down the row of tanks.I netted their choices into a traveling container and slipped it into an insulated bag for transport, handing it to the boy.“carry it carefully,” I cautioned.9.Sickness had robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load.10.Loneliness held the great masses of immigrants together, and poverty kept them down.11.Starvation was a remote threat.12.There is a crying need for a new remedy.13.There was a mumbled conversation in the background.Then a man’s voice came on the phone.14.The whole devastating experience sharpened my appreciation of the world around me.15.She was always a crier any way.16.The car wound through the village and up a narrow valley, following a thaw-swollen stream.17.The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days.18.A long course of poverty and humility, of daily privations and hard words, of kind office and no returns, had been her lot ever since womanhood almost, or since her luckless marriage with George Osborne.(Vanity Fair chapter 57)

19.The isolation of the rural world because of distance and the lack of transport facilities is compounded by the paucity of the information media.20.Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depression at coming to Prague.21.Under these conditions there is a large store of energy available to maintain the pressure of the oil zone while production is taking place.This energy actually comes from the expansion of the aquifer water caused by the reduction in pressure resulting from the removal of oil from the reservoir.22.Two hundred pounds of muscle and sinew created by hard work and clean living had melted to a hundred and sixty-odd;his senior clothing flagged about him.23.Because of the definite feeling in the country that the recession has bottomed out, only 31% of those surveyed now believe that the U.S.runs a risk of a major depression, down from 43% in February.24.The community of fowls to which Tess had been appointed as supervisor, purveyor, nurse, surgeon, and friend, made its headquarters in an old thatched cottage standing in an enclosure that had once been a garden, but was now a trampled and sanded square.(Tess of the D’urberville P60)

25.By this time there had arisen a shout of laughter at the extraordinary appearance of Car’s back;which irritated the dark queen into getting rid of the disfigurement by the first sudden means available and independently of the help of the scoffers.She rushed excitedly into the field they were about to cross, and flinging herself flat on her back upon the grass began to wipe her gown as well as she could by spinning horizontally on the herbage and dragging herself over it upon her elbows.(Tess P70)

26.The young girls formed, indeed, the majority of the band, and their heads of luxuriant hair reflected the sunshine every tone of gold, and black, and brown.Some had beautiful eyes, others a beautiful nose, others a beautiful mouth and figure: few, if any, had all.A difficulty of arranging their lips in this crude exposure to public scrutiny, an inability to balance their heads, and to dissociate self-consciousness from their features, was apparent in them, and showed that they were genuine country girls, unaccustomed to many eyes.(Tess of the D’urbervilles, Chapter II)

27.林小姐這天從學校回來就撅起小嘴唇.她摜下書包,并不照例到鏡臺前梳頭發搽粉,卻倒在床上看著帳子出神.28.八一嫂正氣得抱著孩子發抖，忽然見趙七爺滿臉油汗，瞪著眼，準對伊沖過來，便十分害怕，不敢說完話，回身走了。（魯迅，《**》）29.語言這東西,不是隨便可以學好的.30.他一想到要返回去,心里就害怕.31.秋天的后半夜，月亮下去了，太陽還沒有出，只剩下一片烏藍的天；除了夜游的東西，什么都睡著。華老栓忽然坐起身，擦著火柴，點上遍身油膩的燈盞，茶館的兩間屋子里，便彌漫了青白的光。（魯迅 《藥》）

32.華大媽在枕頭底下掏了半天，掏出一包洋錢，交給老栓，老栓接了，抖抖的裝入衣袋，又在外面按了兩下；便點上燈籠，吹熄燈盞，走向屋子里去了。（魯迅，藥）

第五篇：漢英對比句法練習

漢英對比句法練習

1.過去的一年，全國人民按照“抓住機遇，深化改革，擴大開放，促進發展，保持穩定”的方針，團結奮斗，開拓進取，社會主義現代化事業取得了重大成就。

In the past year, guided by the principle of “seizing the current opportunity to deepen the reform and open China wider to the outside world, promoting development and maintaining stability”, the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving a great success in the drive for socialist modernization.2.The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery.醫生迅速到達，并非常仔細地檢查了病人，因此病人恢復的很快。

3.The computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human beings.計算機比人檢查得更細心更勤快。

4.Every country is the best judge of what is required to safeguard its national security.每一個國家需要什么來保衛國家安全，只有他自己才能做出最好的判斷。

5.I am convinced that China’s WTO membership will do contribution to the development of global economy.我堅信中國加入WTO將會對全球經濟發展做出更大貢獻。

6.Education should serve as tool for child protection and prevention of harm.教育應成為保護兒童和防止其受傷害的工具。

7.Any delay in the delivery of the textbooks will disturb our teaching plan.教材不按時送到就會打亂我們的教學計劃。

8.He is a nonsmoker.他不抽煙。

9.She was essentially a photographer of New York and its environs.她基本上在紐約及其周邊地區從事攝影。

10.我鋼琴彈得不好。I am not a good piano player.11.他酷愛古典音樂。

He is an ardent lover of classic music.12.The teacher thanked the pupils because they are very cooperative.學生們配合地很好，老師向他們表示感謝。

13.These financial incentives can be conditional on specified levels of school participation, attendance or achievement.這些財政激勵措施可根據入學情況，出勤率或學習成績進行具體調整。

14.工人們對公司的財政狀況并不了解，否則，他們會采取行動的。

The works are ignorant of the financial situation of the company;otherwise they would have taken some action.15.He has someone behind him.有人給他撐腰。

16． 你得喝幾口水，把藥丸吞下去。

You have to wash the pills down with sips of water.17．一些專家指出，全球變暖并不像以前警告的那樣嚴重。

According to some experts, global warming is not so serious as has been warned.18．火箭已經用來探索宇宙。

Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.19．他讀書時不加選擇。He is indiscriminate in reading.