第一篇：專業英語復習指導

專業英語復習指導

教參選擇：

以下幾本資料中選一本看就可以.1、金融英語閱讀教程 ２、商務英語閱讀 ３、西方報刊文摘選讀 ４、《英語文摘》雜志

5.Economist(08年的經濟學綜合的專業英語就是出自這個雜志上其中最重要的是Economist，每年都有原文！

復習建議：

07年教育部發文，要求各院校經濟學一級學科下所有專業合卷命題，也就是所有的“濟學”、金融學、貿易學等都必須用一份專業課試卷，于是貿大從業統一初試考815經濟學綜合。

和改革之前的慣例一樣，815院和金融學院一直使用的三大段經濟類文章英漢翻譯，下大家對于這部分題目的評價。們可以通過整理歷年的試題（主要參考經貿和金融）文章加一起大概會有多少句子讓自己惡心，難度和努力的方向就有一個比較明確的把握了。我記得當時自己做的整理結論好像是需要80分鐘左右才能夠保證正常做完。但上了考場是不是能夠冷靜的分配時間就看個人的臨場狀態和魄力了。

至于專業英語的復習，建議主要參考是考的題型很單純，只是翻譯而已。另外，每年的三個選題（以經貿學院歷年試題為準）的那篇。相比選自原版經濟學科教材和國外金融機構的報告、文章的語言顯然會更隨意一點，難度也會更大些。所以我覺得主攻方向當然就是閱讀外刊。至于為什么是Economist，而不是果你家訂了Times你就沒必要看更高一些。這是說選擇復習資料的環節。

下面提一下怎么用這本書。考研復習的時間有限，晚上就給看完了，也就不用準備專業英語復習了。看兩三篇文章，新的一期就到了。也不是為了蒙明年的試題，是為了從中找最地道的模擬試題。文章（經濟金融的熱點問題評論）還是一周只讀一本雜志中的三五篇文章，,一定要重視)08年開始，所有經濟類專 分值分別是20+20+10=50。其次是題量會很大，以上兩點同學來做出自己的評價，第一統計一下三篇第二每年的平均長度是多少詞。這樣對于試題的Economist，適當參考一些專門的經濟英語教材。理由專業英語教材上問答、完型都有，感覺針對性不是很強。中最難的一段也就是外刊上直接剽下來公文之類的文章，報紙雜志上Times和NewsWeek，第一是Economist比較好找，Economist了；第二是Economist上的文章進入選題的頻率 這雜志一周一期，我覺得誰要是能三兩個所以大部分同學應該是老的一期拿到手沒其實要明確的是，你看這個雜志，不是為了緊跟時代潮流，所以更重要的是選對你要讀的，和確定你需要練筆的頻率。至于是一個月讀完一本雜志，我覺得問題都不大。其實這個雜志的裝幀和文字都

**經經濟學綜合的最后一大題仍然是專業英語測試，題型是經貿學先總結一首先是會有些文章很難。就像如

很漂亮，初看確實有點愛不釋手的感覺。但一定要了解，這是在訓練閱讀理解和翻譯的水平，不是為看雜志而看雜志。因此制定自己的計劃最重要。舉個簡單的例子，如果你是每周都想看新雜志的那一類，雜志拿到手，首先瀏覽全書，從中挑出熱點或者深入分析且篇幅和難度都適中的文章，五篇，然后粘到word里，格式，行距，然后把雜志刪掉，把word打印出來，這一周的訓練就都在紙上了。一天或者兩天做一篇，無論是精讀，泛讀，查單詞，還是做翻譯實戰，精力和目標都會更集中一點，也免得自己天天開電腦。

研友經驗談選摘：

怎么也沒有想到，自己一向英語不錯，去年卻栽到經貿專業英語上，今年奮發圖強，臥薪嘗膽，特將自我感覺的經貿專業英語特點公布如下：

一，題量大。要不停地寫，不能停下來分析句子，否則就做不完，因此平時訓練翻譯的反應能力很重要。

二，多數句子結構并不復雜，但不排除個別句子有一定難度，猛一看整篇文章難度不如公共英語翻譯部分，但真的動手一點點做，并不容易。

三，大多數單詞并不生僻，但總有幾個專業詞匯點綴其中，甚至非常生僻，能不能翻好這幾個專業詞是整篇文章得分的關鍵，如果關鍵詞錯了，別的翻譯的再好，也可能扣成零分。

四，文章性質參差，有一般題材的內容，通常難度不大；但一定會有專業題材的文章，如果涉及到這類題材的文章，專業化程度很高，有點類似科普文章的性質，所不同的是，說明的對象與真正的科普文章不同罷了。

通過以上分析可以看出，要想在經貿專業英語上取得高分，關鍵有二，一是平常做練習時，要有意識擴大專業詞匯量，二是不要求翻譯出來的文章多漂亮，只要在保持速度的同時不出偏差即可。

一家之見，僅供參考。

第二篇：國際貿易專業英語復習

國際貿易專業英語期末考試（開卷）

一、名詞英譯漢：1’*10=10，（來自課件）

二、句子英譯漢：3’*10=30，（來自課件，注意：句子翻譯要符合中文的語法習慣）

三、簡答題：5’*4=20，（來自課件）

四、判斷對錯：1’*10=10，（來自課件）

五、閱讀理解：15’*2=30，（關注中國商務部英文網，考查的是短語，句子翻譯，文章的理解，要關注最近一段時間的新聞，對于像Policies,Topics,Services,上海自由貿易區的等一系列的內容的了解）

第三篇：特殊教育專業英語復習

簡答

1.What Does It Take to be a Good Special Education Teacher?

1Patience 2 Diligence 3Compassion 4Flexibility 2.ADHD has three subtypes多動癥分類: 1 Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive 過動/沖動控制障礙型2 Predominantly inattentive 注意力缺陷型3 Combined hyperactive-impulsive and inattentive 混合型

3.a student with :hearing impairment聽力損傷、vision impairment視覺、mental impairment智力

5What Causes導致 ADHD因素? genes—environmental factors—brain injuries—nutrition—social environment—Food additives 6多動癥的癥狀symptom：inattention注意力缺乏、hyperactive活動過度、impulsive沖動。解釋

1.（Inclusive education全納教育）means meeting individual needs。

2(task Analysis任務分析法）task Analysis is a process by which a task is broken down into its component parts。

3（Autism自閉癥)causes kids to experience the world differently from the way most other kids do.4.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)注意力缺陷多動障礙is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood.5.Learning Disability學習障礙

6.Studens with special needs有特殊需要的學生

7.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)注意力缺陷多動障礙 8.Mainstrseam主流

1通常,有學習障礙的學生的平均智力但是他們將需要更多的具體教學策略、程序修改或住宿。學習障礙不包括一個殘疾帶來的視覺、聽覺受損、身體或行為。雖然,許多行為殘疾學生通常有學習障礙。Descrepancies學業成績之間和實際知識的能力就會發生。學習障礙的診斷通常發生在孩子有一個威R是執行標準化考試,是通過一個心理學家——通常是。學習障礙的定義往往會不同地區地區但往往傳達一個共同的意義。這里有一個全面的特質列表學習障礙的學生通過他們的特定類別:1視覺感知2聽覺感知3身體和空間關系4概念赤字5內存赤字6行為赤字

2Teaching students with special needs is very rewarding值得的 – but it’s hard work as well.A special education teacher must be willing to struggle奮斗 in order to provide her/his students with the best education possible.Many times, good special education teachers go far above what is expected of them.Going that extra mile can make the difference between a student floating through順利度過 school and being truly successful.教學生有特殊需要的值都非常有價值得的——但這很困難的工作。一個特殊教育教師必須愿意斗爭奮斗為了提供她/他的學生提供最好的教育成為可能。很多時候,良好的特殊教育教師遠遠高于對他們的期望是什么。將這額外的一英里就區分一個學生浮動通過順利度過學校和真正的成功。

3To be a good special education teacher, it is important that you care about your students.Although discipline紀律 is imperative必要的 in the special education classroom, undue不適當的 harshness嚴肅 is not imperative.You must truly care about your students in order to motivate them to succeed.特殊教育成為一個好老師,但重要的是,你關心你的學生。雖然紀律紀律必要的必須在特殊教育課堂,過度的不適當的嚴肅嚴肅不是勢在必行。你必須真正關心你的學生

為了促使他們成功。

4Perhaps one of the least noticed characteristics of a good special education teacher is flexibility.Very often, what works for one student will fail for another.Special education teachers often need to alter 改變their approaches to various students due to changes in the student’s IEP, educational circumstances, or personal life.In addition, a special education teacher must be willing to incorporate 綜合input 付出from student’s parents and from the student herself.This requires the ability to take into account alternative 選擇性的viewpoints and options選擇, and to be flexible with your teaching methods.也許一個最不注意到特征的特殊教育教師是靈活性好。通常,最適合一個學生將失敗的另一個。特殊教育老師經常需要改變他們的方法對各種改變學生由于改變學生的等電位點,教育環境,或個人生活。此外,一個特殊教育教師必須愿意將綜合輸入付出從學生的家長和學生自己。這樣做需要能夠考慮替代選擇性的觀點和期權選擇,靈活的和你的教學方法。

5Patience is definitely the most important characteristic of a special education teacher.Unlike regular teachers, special education teachers work with students who may not grasp concepts quickly.In fact, depending on the needs of the students, the special education teacher may find himself/herself repeating the same simple concept over and over and over again before the student begins to comprehend.In addition to this repetition, the special education teacher may need to break seemingly simple concepts down into parts that are manageable for his students, which can take a considerable amount of patience.忍耐無疑是最重要的特性的一個特殊教育的老師。與普通教師,特殊教育教師與學生工作可能不會很快理解概念。事實上,根據學生的需要,特殊教育的老師可能會發現本人重復相同的簡單的概念反反復復的前學生開始理解。除了這種重復,特殊教育的老師可能需要打破看似簡單的概念分解成可管理的部分,為他的學生,這可能會花費大量的耐心。

6They also may react to what's going on around them in unusual ways.Normal sounds may really bother someone with autism — so much so that the person covers his or her ears.Being touched, even in a gentle way, may feel uncomfortable.他們也可能對他們周圍發生了什么不同尋常的。正常的聲音可能真的煩自閉癥患者——以至于人覆蓋他或她的耳朵。被感動,即使在一個溫和的方式,可能會感到不舒服。

7Kids with autism often can't make connections that other kids make easily.For example, when someone smiles, you know the smiling person is happy or being friendly.But a kid with autism may have trouble connecting that smile with the person's happy feelings.閉癥兒童往往不能使連接,其他孩子使容易。例如,當別人微笑,你知道了微笑的人是快樂或友善。但一個患自閉癥的孩子可能無法連接,微笑與人的快樂的感覺。

8A kid who has autism also has trouble linking words to their meanings.Imagine trying to understand what your mom is saying if you didn't know what her words really mean.It is doubly frustrating then if a kid can't come up with the right words to express his or her own thoughts.一個孩子患有自閉癥的也有麻煩連接詞含義。想像一下你媽媽明白說如果你不知道她的話真正的意思。它更是令人沮喪的然后如果一個孩子不能想出合適的詞語來表達自己的想法。8Autism causes kids to act in unusual ways.They might flap 拍打their hands, say certain words over and over, have temper tantrums發怒, or play only with one particular toy.Most kids with autism don't like changes in routines.They like to stay on a schedule that is always the same.They also may insist that their toys or other objects be arranged a certain way and get upset if these items are moved or disturbed.孤獨癥造成孩子以不尋常的方式采取行動。他們可能皮瓣拍打他們的手,說某些單詞,有發脾氣發怒,或者只有一個特定的玩具玩。大多數自閉癥兒童不喜歡

變化在例程。他們喜歡呆在一個時間表,總是相同的。他們還可能會堅持他們的玩具或其他對象是安排一個特定的方式,如果這些產品是生氣移動或干擾。

9Not seem to listen when spoken to.Daydream, become easily confused, and move slowly。Have difficulty processing information as quickly and accurately as others(90)。Struggle to follow instructions.85。Children who have symptoms of hyperactivity may: 似乎聽的時候才說話。做白日夢,變得容易混淆,慢慢地移動。有困難準確而快速地處理信息和其他人(90)。努力遵循instructions.85。癥癥狀可能: 10孩子們的多動Fidget 煩躁 and squirm蠕動 in their seats Talk nonstop。touching or playing with anything and everything in sight。Have trouble sitting still during dinner, school, and story time。Be constantly堅持不懈地 in motion動作。Have difficulty doing quiet tasks or activities.Children who have symptoms of impulsivity may: 孩子們的多動煩躁煩躁,在座位上扭動蠕動。聊個不停。碰或玩什么,眼前的一切。有麻煩靜坐晚餐期間,學校,和故事時間嗎。被不斷地堅持不懈地在運動動作。有困難的任務或活動做安靜。兒童癥狀的沖動可能: 11Be very impatient。Blurt out 未加思索地沖口說出inappropriate comments。Show their emotions without restraint克制。Act without regard for consequences。Have difficulty waiting for things they want or waiting their turns in game。sOften interrupt conversations or others' activities.很不耐煩，脫口而出未加思索地沖口說出不恰當的評論。表現自己的情緒毫無節制克制。不顧后果的行為。有困難等待他們想要的東西或者等待他們的將在游戲。經常中斷談話或別人的活動。12if a child: Is experiencing undetected seizures that could be associated with other medical conditions Has a middle ear infection that is causing hearing problems Has any undetected hearing or vision problems Has any medical problems that affect thinking and behavior Has any learning disabilities 是否一個孩子: 正在經歷未被發現的發作可能伴隨其他疾病嗎 有一個中耳炎感染導致聽力的問題 有任何未被發現的聽力和視力問題嗎 沒有任何醫學問題,會影響思維和行為嗎 有學習障礙

13Has anxiety or depression, or other psychiatric problems that might cause ADHD-like symptoms Has been affected by a significant and sudden change, such as the death of a family member, a divorce, or parent's job loss.有焦慮或抑郁,或其它精神問題可能導致多動癥像癥狀嗎

一直受到重大和突然的變化,比如一個家人的死去,離婚,或者父母的失業。

13A specialist will also check school and medical records for clues, to see if the child's home or school settings appear unusually stressful or disrupted, and gather information from the child's parents and teachers.Coaches, babysitters, and other adults who know the child well also may be consulted.一個專家還將檢查學校和醫療記錄為線索,看看孩子的家里或者學校設置出現異常壓力或中斷,并收集信息從孩子的父母和老師。教練、保姆和其他成年人知道孩子好也可以咨詢。

14The specialist also will ask: 1.Are the behaviors excessive and long-term, and do they affect all aspects of the child's life? 2.Do they happen more often in this child compared with the child's peers? 3.Are the behaviors a continuous problem or a response to a temporary situation? 4.Do the behaviors occur in several settings or only in one place, such as the playground, classroom, or home? 專家還會問: 1。是行為過度和長期,他們影響所有方面的孩子的生命嗎? 2。他們發生在這個孩子更經常與孩子的同齡人相比? 3。是一個連續的行為問題或一個響應一個臨時的情況嗎? 4。做行為發生在幾個設置或只在一個地方,比如操場,教室,或在家嗎? 15The specialist pays close attention to the child's behavior during different situations.Some situations are highly structured, some have less structure.Others would require the child to keep paying attention.Most children with ADHD are better able to control their behaviors in situations where they are getting individual attention and when they are free to focus on enjoyable activities.These types of situations are less important in the assessment.A child also may be evaluated to see how he or she acts in social situations, and may be given tests of intellectual ability and academic achievement to see if he or she has a learning disability.Finally, if after gathering all this information the child meets the criteria for ADHD, he or she will be diagnosed with the disorder.專家密切關注孩子的行為在不同的情況。有些情況是高度結構化的,一些有更少的結構。其他人將要求孩子保持關注。大多數兒童多動癥的能更好地控制他們的行為,在這種情況下,他們越來越關注和當他們是免費的把注意力放在令人愉快的活動。這些類型的情況下是不太重要的評估。一個孩子也可能會被評估,看看他或她的行為在社交場合,可以通過測試的知識能力和學術成就,看看他或她有學習障礙。

最后,如果在收集所有這些信息符合標準的孩子多動癥,他或她將被診斷為這種疾病。

第四篇：專業英語復習1

REVIEW

Ⅰ.Translate the following words into English.1、比例與尺度proportion and scale2、黃金分割golden section3、折衷主義eclecticism4、功能主義functionalism5、后現代主義post-modernism6、極簡抽象派藝術minimalism7、解構主義deconstruction, deconstructivism8、哥特式大教堂 Gothic cathedral9、哥特復興Gothic Revival10、希臘神廟Greek temple11、凱旋門triumphal arch12、意大利文藝復興Italian Renaissance13、公爵府邸ducal mansion14、多立克柱式，愛奧尼柱式，科林斯柱式Doric order, Ionic order, Corinthian order15、古典主義classicism16、裝飾美學ornamental aesthetics17、注冊建筑師licensed architect18、注冊規劃師licensed planner19、電氣工程師electrical engineer20、注冊結構工程師 licensed structural engineer21、設備工程師plant engineer22、機械工程師mechanical engineer23、景觀建筑師landscape architect24、景觀規劃landscape planning25、場地規劃site planning26、總體規劃general planning27、方案設計schematic design28、初步設計preliminary design29、購物中心shopping center30、住宅組團housing cluster/group31、市政中心civic center32、居住區residential community33、居住密度residential density34、施工圖與施工說明書working drawings and the specifications35、標準層平面typical floor plan36、立面與剖面elevation and section37、投標價格bid price38、詳圖detail drawing39、工程監理project supervision40、項目管理project management41、工程預算project budget42、咨詢服務consulting service43、設計荷載design load44、自然通風natural ventilation45、標準荷載standard load46、剖斷線section line47、空氣調節系統 air-conditioning system48、建筑合同building contract49、三維空間three-dimensional space50、能源消耗 energy consumption151、供暖與通風 heating and ventilation52、給水排水 water supply and drainage53、暖氣管道thermal flue, heating pipe54、建筑實踐architectural practice55、環境質量quality of environment56、給水管supply pipe57、挑出壓頂projecting coping58、落水管drain pipe59、過梁與懸臂梁 lintel and cantilever60、屋檐與山墻eaves and gable61、壓力與拉力compression and tension62、亭子pavilion63、天窗dormer window64、避雷針lightning rod65、落地窗French window66、凸窗bay window67、上下推拉窗sash-window68、百葉窗louver window69、材料特性nature of material70、鋼過梁steel lintel71、鋼筋混凝土柱子 reinforced concrete column72、混凝土梁concrete beam73、鋼筋混凝土樓板 reinforced concrete slab74、混凝土薄殼concrete shell75、承載力bearing strength76、樓梯踏步stair step77、承重墻bearing wall78、樓梯廳stair hall79、磚石結構masonry construction80、樓梯井stairwell81、超大型建筑結構（巨型結構）megastructure82、樓梯平臺stair landing83、鋼框架結構steel-frame construction84、樓梯欄桿stair railing85、地下地質構造 subsurface geological formation86、房間布置room layout87、日光浴室 solarium88、建筑創作architectural creation89、太陽能板 solar panel90、建筑草圖architectural sketch91、投資成本 capital cost92、建筑構思architectural conception93、建筑成本 construction cost94、建筑布局architectural layout95、拱跨度arch span96、繪圖比例尺drafting scale97、繪圖板drafting board98、舊建筑改造renovation of old building99、聲學設計 acoustic design 100、照明設計lighting design, illumination design101、人行道pedestrian walkway102、過街樓bridge gallery 103、展覽館exhibition building104、體育館gymnasium105、辦公樓office building106、體育場stadium107、保齡球館bowling alley108、排式平房 row houses109、半獨立式住宅 semi-detached house110、獨立式住宅 detached house 111、幼兒園kindergarten, nursery school, infant school112、大城市形態的決定因素crucial elements of metropolitan form113、中央商務區 central business district114、地標與節點landmark and node 115、外部形態external form and image116、壁畫與雕塑mural and sculpture 117、建筑工業化 building industrialization118、現有建筑 existing building 119、場所感的缺失absence of a sense of place120、房地產 real estate121、交通流線與停車場 circulation and parking122、交通量load of traffic 123、綠地覆蓋率green coverage ratio124、周邊地區 peripheral area 125、持久的平衡sustainable equilibrium126、城市更新 urban renewal 127、多功能高層建筑multi-use high-rise building128、低層中密度住宅群 low-rise medium-density cluster housing129、城市改造urban redevelopment130、城市布局 city layout 131、過境交通through-traffic highway132、城市化與郊區化urbanization and suburbanization133、城市分區規劃city district planning134、城市膨脹 urban expansion 135、城市管理city administration, administration of city136、城市規劃管理局city planning and administration bureau137、城市發展模式urban development pattern138、城市規模city size 139、公共設施分布utility distribution140、城市設計urban design 141、城市防災規劃disaster planning, calamity precaution planning142、城市抗震規劃seismic planning, aseismatic planning143、城市風貌cityscape, city style and features144、城市城鄉規劃urban and rural planning, town and country planning145、城市天際線city skyline, skyline of town146、城市景觀cityscape, city appearance147、城鎮群（集合城市）conurbation 148、城市噪聲city noise149、城市生態學 urban ecology 150、城市學，都市學 urbanology151、城市設施 urban facilities 152、城市散亂發展，城市擴張 urban sprawl153、城市網架 urban network154、城市復蘇urban revitalization155、城市建設 urban construction 156、城市垃圾city refuse, town refuse157、城鎮cities and towns158、城市規劃委員會city planning commission, urban planning commission159、建筑規范building code160、綠色建筑green building161、摩天大樓設計 skyscraper design162、現代建筑modern architecture

Ⅱ.Complete the following sentences with the words given below, changing the form where necessary.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with their corresponding definitions or descriptions in Column B.Ⅳ.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.Ⅴ.Write a composition in English.

第五篇：護理專業英語期末復習

考試范圍：U1---U4

題型：

1.課文內容理解，是非題10%

2.詞匯選擇題10%

3.課文段落選詞填空10%

4.句子英譯中20%

5.課外閱讀理解20%

6.作文30%

Unit 1

1.In my view, no knowledge can be more satisfactory to a man than that of his own frame, its

parts, their functions and actions.(Para.1)

在我看來，對人來說，沒有什么知識會比了解自身的構架、它的部件以及各部件的功能和作用更能使他滿足的了。

2.The possible approaches to a study of the body are legion.To the cynic, the body is no more than a tenement of clay;to the poet, a palace of soul;to the physician, an all-too-ailing hulk.The psychiatrist sees it as a housing for the mind and personality.The geneticist sees it as a perpetuator of its own kind.The biologist sees it as an organism which can alter the future as a result of the experience of the past.(Para.2)

研究人體的途徑可謂五花八門：玩世不恭者視其為泥土構作的陋室；詩人贊之曰靈魂的宮殿；醫生視它作百孔千瘡的軀殼。精神病學家視之為理智和個性的居所；遺傳學家視之為自我繁衍的機器；生物學家看見的則是一個能以往昔之經歷改造將來的生物體。

3.Bounding the cytoplasm is the cell membrane, which keeps the cell contents in and undesirable material out, yet permits passage of both proper nutrients and wastes.(Para.5)

包裹著細胞質的是細胞膜，它將細胞內含物包容于細胞之內，將不需之物排斥于外，而又允許適當的營養物和廢物通過。

4.All nerve cells, varied as they may be, receive and conduct electrochemical impulses.(Para.9)盡管可能有所不同，所有神經細胞都接收和傳遞電化學沖動。

Unit 2

1.The body is supported and given shape by this structure, consisting of more than 200 bones and the muscles and tendons which are connected to them.(Para.2)

人體由這個結構作支撐，并構成輪廓，這一結構由大約200多塊骨頭和與之相連的肌肉和鍵組成。

2.From there, the blood is pumped into the right ventricle and to the pulmonary artery to be sent to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is removed and oxygen is added.(Para.7)

血液從那里被泵入右心室，再進入肺動脈而被送至兩肺，在此二氧化碳被去除，氧氣被加入

3.Another major body complex is the digestive system, which processes the food so that it can be used for energy.(Para.12)

另一個主要的器官是消化系統，該系統對食物進行加工，以便食物能被作為能量使用。4 Normally, the fertilized egg then travels to the uterus where it becomes an embryo, is

implanted, and develops for about 280 days(until childbirth).(Para.14)

在正常情況下，受精卵移動進入子宮，在那里變成胚胎，完成植入（子宮內膜）過程，生長約280天左右（直至分娩）。

Unit 3

1.Although all pathogens pose potential threats if they gain entry to the body, the chances of this occurring are actually quite small.(Para.1)

雖然所有病原體若進入人體都會造成潛在的威脅，但這種清況發生的可能性卻相當小。

2.Whether threatened by an invading organism, a physical object, or a chemical irritant, the body reacts in a similar way to defend itself.(Para.尋）

不管威辦是來自入侵微生物、異物，還是化學刺激物，人體都以類似的方式作出反應以自我防衛。

3.To varying degrees, this natural defense mechanism is our strongest ally in the battle against disease, being with us from birth until death.(Para..9)

在不同程度上，這種自然防衛機能是我們與疾病斗爭的最堅強的盟友，從出生到死亡始終相伴。

4.In some instances, if a person is already weakened by other diseases, giving a vaccination may provoke an actual case of the diseases.(Para.11)

在某些情況下，如果一個人已經因其他疾病變得虛弱，注射疫苗可能引發實際產生疾 病。

Unit 4

1.As life expectancy increases, people are more likely to succumb to degenerative conditions that the aging body is susceptible to.(Para.2)

隨著預期壽命的增長，人們更可能死于易侵襲衰老的軀體的退化性疾病。

2.When heart disease is suspected and more detailed information is needed, an angiogram is ordered.(Para.3)

當病人疑似患有心臟病，需要有更為詳細的信息時，可以做血管造影。

3.Patients can decrease the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis by cutting down on their consumption of fats, cutting out cigarettes, and getting adequate exercise.(Para.5)

病人可通過減少脂肪攝入，停止吸煙和進行充分鍛煉，來降低發生冠狀動脈粥樣硬化的可能性。

4.Less serious but still frightening is the condition called angina pectoris, chest pains that occur when the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen(often because of a temporary spasm of a vessel).(Para.6)

危險性較小但仍然令人恐懼的是心絞痛，即心肌得不到足夠氧氣時發生的胸痛（常常因為血管暫時性痙攣造成）。

5.“An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure” is an expression that especially applies to AIDS…(Para.15)

“小防勝于大治”，這個民諺特別適用于艾滋病。