第一篇：新潮研究生英語綜合教程課后作文

新潮研究生英語綜合教程作文

Does Machine Translation will take the place of Literary Translation?

In recent years, all kinds of electronic dictionaries and translation software have been developed.With the development of technology, these electronic dictionaries and softwares can help us translate not only words and phrases, but even sentences and paragraphs.So some people come to the conclusion that machine translation will replace traditional human translation.However, I couldn't agree with this argument.Admittedly,translation machines and softwares bring much convenience for our study.Electronic dictionaries and softwares can assist us find some new words quickly and accurately,especially, some generic terms.It still can provide an alternative choices for our translation though it always translate word by word.What's more , with a translation software we needn't bother to live through the heavy dictionaries.However, machine translation can not take the place of literary translation due to its limitations.First, generally speaking, translation software only can give direct translation, which sometimes don't consonant with the original articles in logic and meaning,let alone the grammar.Second,Literary Translation is more elegant and fluent.Considering the above mentioned, I believe there is no possibility that machine translation can replace Literary translation until the grammatic problem are solved due to the development of artificial intelligence.But machine translation is a good complementary to Literary translation.we should combine machine translation with literary translation effectively.Celebrity effect

Nowadays,why are so many people pay attention to the opinions which are gave by celebrities?It has something to do with celebrity effect—influence which bring about or from famous persons that affect people's tendency and mentality.In my opinion, every coin has two sides, celebrity effect has both positive and negative influence on our society.Celebrities are famous for they have one or few aspects that outdistance ordinary people.Their comments are often positive for the society.Like Thomas Alva Edison once said, “Genius are one percent inspiration and ninety nine percent perspiration”As a brilliant scientist, he expresses the importance of diligence in science and inspires countless people working hard to fight for the truth.As for some celebrities their story is a encouragement for us.For instance,Yuminhong the president of New Orient school is a household celebrity.his story encouraged numerous college students to pursuit their dream.Yet, this is not always the case the point is that, not all celebrities tell the truth and they are not perfect role models for the public.we should be careful with their remarks when is comes to their unfamiliar area and negative effect occur when their lie for some reason.For example,when a celebrity who advertise for inferior product.The consequences would be too ghastly to contemplate.Maybe thousands of people will suffer fr

In summary,celebrity effect has both advantages and disadvantages.We should be rational when comes to their comments and look before you leap when we involved in some important issue.What's more celebrities should take responsibility for the whole society and be honest.A stitch in time saves nine

In modern society ,we are always on the go and easily got into mass.To avoid being overwhelmed caught in flurry,we are supposed to patching small things up frequently ,just as the old sings goes:“a stitch in time saves nine”,or in other words ,get your house repaired timely before it rains.When comes to the real world,disorder surrounds us and entropy fills our life according to scientists.we have no choice but make a good preparation for what will happen,or disorder will get better of us.For example,there are always small things which we need to deal with.Maybe ,they won't make any difference to our daily life at the beginning.However,things will turn bad if you let them alone.You will realize that problems are too complicated to solve in the near future.On the other hand,make a good preparation in time will not only help us keep our life in order but also achieve maximum results with little effort.Imagining you will make a presentation to your classmates,you won't be confident or do a good job unless you are fully prepared.Or,it's inevitable that you will be embarrassed when you are on the stage.In summary,it consider wisely to patch up small things regularly and we should always keep in mind:“a stitch in time saves nine”.Man and disasters

In the span of human existence,human beings are continually attacked by and fighting against numerous disasters,both natural and man-made.Disasters seem to be part of human life.Are all disasters that bad?Actually not,on the contrary,disaster is a sharp double-blade-sword for human-being.On one hand,disasters both natural and man-made are all merciless and they always gives us painful lessons.Wen chuan earthquake killed more than 60000 people and one hundred thousand people lost their lives in Port-au-Prince earthquake.Thousands of people became homeless.The 2008 financial tsunamis lead to a global financial crisis.The financial crisis does not have any recovery signs in developed counties with larger government deficits, higher unemployment rate, more banks bankruptcy, more businesses shut down, higher prices and inflation pressure and all society are high unemployment even in 2009.On the other hand,disaster can promote reflection on and our society develops as we conquer one disaster after another.We probably would not appreciate each other so much until we were going through life to death.People will treasure every moment in their rest life when disasters gone.what's more,some disasters unfold important problems for when we are suffer from them.For example The 2008 ice storm in south of china.In addition,disasters can test people's character ,power of endurance,courage and w

Disasters always shoulder to shoulder with unforgettable trauma and suffering even death.Maybe,we are lost sometimes.But it wouldn't be long and we never be defeated by disasters let alone to yield.We were almost destroyed in disasters again and again.However, what's more important is that we are re-birthed in disasters again and again by conquering disasters one by one.Nevertheless, we still look forward to fewer disasters and surviving easier and happier.Career and interest

Currently, the mostly concerned problem is the ideal career and interest.People generally believe that the ideal state of life is being able to do the job that you are interested in.On the contrary,they always conflict with each other in real life.How should we deal with the conflicts between them is crucial,especially for our college student.In my opinion,interest should make way for career when they are at variance.Career is more important than interest for whose family is in poor economic condition.On one hand,The economic base determines the superstructure.The problem which we should first solve is how to survive.Only successful career can promise better life.Perhaps you get lots of reasons that interest should come to the first.You may contend that one can't do a good job without interest for he will not be passionate with his work.But it paled when comes to the reality even you get thousands of pretexts if your interest has nothing to do with your career.On the other hand,we have no choice the reality is cruel.High prices for living goods and houses and fierce competition for jobs provide no alternative choice for us.All we can do is make a good preparation for our career even we engage ourselves in the field that we are not interested in at all.Or,it will be tough.However,the condition really become so terrible that we do not have any chance to retrieve?No,it's not so bad.We can still develop our interests on the condition that your can make a good career for yourself.For instance,we can put the interest as a leisure.We can spend our free time to do the things we interest.In addition, we can choose the career close to our interest.Perhaps this will make our interest more extensive.In summary,We are supposed to consider a rational relationship between interest and career even you are engaged in a area which is boring.As for people who is in poor economic condition,you'd better give first rank to career and the second for interest.My View on Some Problems in China's Higher Education

With the development of our society, higher education has achieved many significant results.But there are some problems in China’s higher education.Some of them need to be solved urgently.Traditional education methods make students think the most important task is learning knowledge in books.So many college students work hard and manage to get high points.They do not care about whether they grasp it or not.It does not mean their abilities to think out creative ideas and to do practice has be improved.In fact students’

abilities to deal with problems are weak.Higher education ignores how important it is to help these young students get harmonious personnel relationship in society.Many students have high IQ but low EQ.It’s hard for these boys and girls to tolerate others’ opinions and behaviors.Many universities have not give students plenty of opportunities to do practice.Graduates find sometimes it is hard to use the knowledge into their jobs.How to solve these problems? It needs the whole society to make great efforts.Society should change their concept about higher education.People should know the destination of higher education is to make students understand how to learn, how to live and how to solve actual problems.Universities should give opportunities to students of do practice and finally solve them by themselves.Professors should conduct them but not to take the place of students.Finally there should be friendly atmosphere on campus.Boys and girls communicate smoothly and help each other.To keep good personnel relationship is very necessary in society.So now they should learn how to do during college life.My view on beauty

The desire for beautiful appearance is one of human natures.Many people operate their appearances so that they can become more beautiful ,so they pay more attention to the outside beauty instead of the inner beauty.I think the true beauty is inner beauty.It can stay long.I don’t think outside beauty is not beauty.If you have both of them ,it is better.Even though you don’t have beautiful appearance,that’s all right ,you simply improve your inner beauty.As we know ,everyone has their own appearances.They are given by God.I think they are all natural beauty.Natural beauty is the most beautiful.Outside beauty is not permanent.However,inner beauty can stay everlasting.Nowadays,many people don’t realize this point.They pursuit outside beauty all the time.Man-made beauty is concerned by people ,especially women.Women spend a lot of money on operation ,and they seek all kinds of ways to make them more beautiful.As we know every coin has two sides ,with the growth of popularity,all sort of problems come.Many women are cheatedby illegal hospital.They not only spend a lot of money but also hurt.I think it’s useless.As a twenty-one century teenager,we should know which one is more important.As far as I’m concerned,it seems necessary for us to regard beauty correctly.Finally,I want to say everyone is beautiful as long as you have eyes that can find beauty.

第二篇：《高等學(xué)校研究生英語綜合教程_下》課后習(xí)題答案

Task 1

Unit One

1.provinces b.2.woke a.3.haunt b.4.trouble a.5.weathers d.6.wakeb.7.coined c.8.trouble b.9.weather c.10.province c.11.coin a.12.value a.13.haunts a.14.has promised a.15.trouble c.16.coin b.17.promise d, 18.Values c.19.Refrain b.20.valued e.Task 2

1.tranquil 2.ultimately 3.aftermath 4.cancel out 5.ordeal 6.drastic 7.legacy 8.deprivations

9.suicidal 10.anticipated 11.preoccupied 12.Adversities 13.aspires 14.nostalgia 15, retrospect

Task 3

1.a mind-blowing experience 2.built-in storage space 3.self-protection measures 4.short-term employment

5.distorted and negative self-perception 6.life-changing events 7.all-encompassing details 8.a good self-image

Task1

Unit Two

I.A.entertainmentB.entertaining2.A.attached B.attachment3.A.historically B.historic4.A.innovativeB.Innovations5.A.flawed B.flawless

6.A.controversy B.controversial 7.A.revise B.revisions

8.A.commentary B.commentator9.A.restrictive B.restrictions10.Task 2

10.A.heroicB.heroics

1.ethnic 2.corporate 3.tragic 4.athletic 5.underlie

6.stack 7.intrinsic 8.revenue 9.engrossed10.award

Task 3

1)revenues 2)receipts 3)economic 4)rewards 5)athletes 6)sponsor 7)spectators 8)maintain 9)availability10)stadiums11)anticipated12)publicity

Task 1 Unit Three

B Task2

1.B 2, D 1 A 4, C 5, A 6.B 7,C 8.A 9.10.C LA.discrete B.discreet C.discretion

2.A.auditors B.auditorium C.audit D.auditoryE.auditedA.conception B.contrivance C.contrive D.conceive

4.A.giggling B.gasped C.gargling D.gossip 5.A.affectionate B.passion C.affectionD.passionate

6.A.reluctant B.relentless C.relevant 7.A.reverence B.reverent C.revere

8.A.peeping/peep B.peered C.perceive D.poring

Task3

1)gain 2)similarities 3)diverse 4)enrich 5)perspective 6)discover 7)challenging 8)specific 9)adventure 10)enlightens)opportunities 12)memories 13)joyful 14)outweighs 15)span)

Task 1

Unit Four

1)uncomfortable 2)reading 3)immerse 4)deep 5)access 6)concentration 7)stopped 8)altered 9)change 10)different 11)decoders12)disengaged 13)variations 14)words 15)tighter

Task 2 Task 1

1.D 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.C

Step 1

l)i 2)f 3)a 4)b 5)h 6)j 7)c 8)e 9)d 10)g Step 2

1)fidgety2)crushing3)pithy4)foraging5)definitive , 6)propelled7)applauded8)ubiquity9)duly10)curtail

Task 2 1.above 2.on 3.to 4.on 5.on/about 6.to 7.with 8.at 9.Task 3

on/about10.in

1.may have a subtle effect on 2.provide free access toe-books 3.isinthe midst ofa sea change

4.has been onthe faculty ofHarvard University 5.a voracious book reader 6.you'll stay focused onit 7.the conduit for information

8.your check came asanabsolute godsend 9.lost the thread ofthe story 10.stroll through elegant prose

Task 1 Unit Five

1.A2.C3.D4.B5.C6.B7.C8.D9.A10.C11.B12D.13.D14Task2

.A15.B

1.sheer2.slip3desert4.revenge5.sheered6.level7.deserted8.skirted9.protested10.duplicates11.level12.revenge13.skirt14.protests15.slip16.duplicate

第三篇：21世紀(jì)工程碩士研究生英語綜合教程1英譯漢課后翻譯

第二章課后翻譯

A.調(diào)查大腦體積和智力的研究人員稱,他們的研究提供的證據(jù)表明,接受教育能保護智力免受大腦自然衰退的影響。

大腦隨著年齡的增長而萎縮是眾所周知的事實,但是這對智力方面的影響卻 因人而異。有趣的是,一項有關(guān)老年人的研究表明,實際上接受過較多教育的人 大腦萎縮得較多。這項研究成果表明的是,接受過教育的人在大腦功能開始崩潰 之前更能經(jīng)受得住大腦組織的喪失。

據(jù)研究人員說,這份發(fā)表在7 月份的《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》雜志上的研究報告第一次 提供了生物學(xué)上的證據(jù)來支持“儲備”假說,即接受過較多教育的人在大腦衰老 時擁有更大的認識上的儲備可以利用;實際上這部分人的大腦中有更多的腦組織 處于閑置狀態(tài)。

研究人員對320 名年齡在66 歲到90 歲的身體健康的男子和女子的腦部掃描 X 光片研究后發(fā)現(xiàn),受試者的受教育經(jīng)歷每多一年,其大腦外層叫做腦皮層的部 位就多一份萎縮。然而,所有受試者的認知能力和記憶力的測試分?jǐn)?shù)均在正常范 圍以內(nèi)。

人的一生應(yīng)該不斷地努力,通過新的生活體驗使大腦處于警覺狀態(tài)。旅游是刺激 大腦的一種方法,較少冒險性的方法是玩拼字游戲.教育是怎樣影響腦細胞的尚不清楚。研究人員在報告中推測,接受過較多教 育的人大腦的某些比腦皮層更深層次的結(jié)構(gòu)可能完好無損,從而彌補了腦皮層萎 縮帶來的損失。

第五章第一段課后

The term profit in economics has a very precise meaning.Economists, however, often loosely refer to “good deals” or profitable ventures with no risk as profit opportunities.Using the term loosely, a profit opportunity exists at the toll booths in one line is shorter than the others.The general view of economics is that profit opportunities are rare.At any one time there are many people searching for such opportunities, and as a consequence few exist.At toll booths it is seldom the case that one line is substantially shorter than the others

經(jīng)濟學(xué)術(shù)語的利潤有著非常精確的意思。然而，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們經(jīng)常很寬松地將其視為利潤機會，從而解釋為“好交易”或“沒有風(fēng)險且有利潤的商業(yè)冒險”。寬松地使用這一術(shù)語，那些排隊比其他收費亭短的收費亭就會視為是一個利潤機會。經(jīng)濟學(xué)一般觀點認為利潤機會是很少的。任何時候都會有很多的人去尋求這樣的機會，結(jié)果是（這種機會）很少存在。比如收費亭的例子，很少有排隊隊伍實質(zhì)上會比其他的收費亭短的。

第六章第一段課后翻譯

:Thanks to the means of modern transportation and communication,the world is getting smaller and smaller.The whole world community appears to be no more than a large global village,where the residents come together with different cultural backgrounds and values.While experiencing the inevitable cultural exchanges as well as cultural clashes,the “villagers”seek to live in harmony.多虧了現(xiàn)代交通與通訊工具，這個世界正變得越來越小。整個世界似乎和一個地球村一樣小，這個村莊里有不同的文化背景和價值觀的居民都聚集在一起。在經(jīng)歷這種不可避免的文化交流也是文化沖擊的過程中，這些“村民”追求著和諧共處。

第四篇：研究生英語綜合教程(下)單詞表

adversity n 逆境、不幸、厄運 aftermath n 后果、余波 alleyway n 小巷、胡同 altruism n 利他主義、無私

anodyne adj 不冒犯他人的、四平八穩(wěn)的 aspire v 最求、渴望、有志于

bliss n 極樂，無上幸福 bona fide adj 真正的、真實的

bromide n 意在使人消氣卻沒有效果的話 dazed adj 茫然的、迷亂的、恍惚的

encompass v 覆蓋、圍住

excruciating adj 劇烈疼痛的

gratifying adj 令人高興的、使人滿足的 harrowing adj 折磨人的、可怕的、令人痛苦的 ineffable adj 難以名狀的、不可言喻 legacy n 遺留下來的狀況

mind-blowing adj 令人極度的、非常奇怪的 neurological n 神經(jīng)的

nostalgia n 對往昔事物的留戀、懷舊情緒 ordeal n 可怕的經(jīng)歷、痛苦的折磨

paramountadj 至高無上的、最重要的 province n 范圍、領(lǐng)域、職責(zé)范圍 preoccupied adj 全神貫注的、入神的

refrain n 一再重復(fù)的話

rheumatoid arthritis n 類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎 shrivel v 皺縮、干枯、干癟

steroid n 類固醇

tranquil adj平靜的、寧靜的、安謐的

traumatic adj 痛苦難忘的、造成精神創(chuàng)傷的 tribulation n 苦難

ultramarathoner n 超級馬拉松 vomit v 嘔吐、嘔出、吐出

wimp n 懦弱無用的人

anecdote n

趣聞、軼事

auditory adj 聽覺的 boon n

恩物、有用之物

circuitry n 電路系統(tǒng) conduit

n

渠道、通道 consortium n

財團、聯(lián)合企業(yè)

curtail

v

縮減、消減 decoder n 解碼器

disengaged

adj 自由的、未約束的

duly adv 適當(dāng)?shù)摹⑶‘?dāng)?shù)?etch v 蝕刻、fidgety

adj 煩躁的、坐立不安的

footnote n 腳注 forage

v

四處搜尋 godsend v 及時雨 hyperlink n 超文本鏈接 ideogram n 表意文字

longish adj 略長的、相當(dāng)長的 neural

adj 神經(jīng)的、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的

pithy adj 精辟的 remap

v

重新繪制

staccato adj 斷音的、斷奏的 telltale

adj 暴露真相

terse adj 簡短的 thicket

n

灌木叢、小樹叢

voracious adj 貪吃的 wayward adj 倔強的 adversary n 對手 almighty god n 全能的上帝

anew adv 重新 beachhead n 灘頭堡 belabor v 強調(diào)

embattled adj 問題纏身 engulf v 嚴(yán)重影響

foe n 敵人

forebear n 祖先、祖宗 heed v 聽從

invective n 咒罵 invoke v 喚起 outpace v 超過、勝過

reverend adj 值得尊敬的 subversion n 顛覆 symbolize v 象征 tribulation n 苦難 twilight n 曙光暮色 tyranny n 暴政 unleash v 釋放出、發(fā)泄

writ n 書面命令

anemic adj 沒有活力的

awash adj 被水或其他液體浸過的 bawl v 叫嚷、大喊 bawl n 叫嚷、大喊 bleach v 使變淡、變白 coyote n 叢林狼 decipher v 辨認、解釋

defiant adj 違抗的、挑釁的

defoliate v 使….落葉

dictum n 斷言、意見、宣言

doe n

雌兔、雌鹿

dust bowl n

干旱塵暴區(qū) extirpate v 消滅、根除

fang n 尖牙

ford v

涉水而過

gleanings n 費力搜索到的零星信息 juniper n

刺柏、maul v 撕…的皮肉、抓裂 maze n

迷宮似得的街道/小路 melee n 混亂局面 molder v

腐爛、腐朽

rattle n

格格聲

requisite n 必需品

sage n 鼠尾草 scuffle

n

扭打 seedling n 種苗、幼苗 shears n 大剪刀

spruce v

顯得更加整齊干凈

supple adj 靈活的 tingle v 感到刺痛 torrent n

湍流、急流

tyro n 新手、生手 wag v 狗搖尾巴 whinny nv（馬）撕叫 willow n 柳樹

writhe v 劇烈地扭動身體

affective adj 感情

anecdotal adj 軼事的、趣聞的 arousal

n

喚起 beset v 困擾、使苦惱

缺乏興趣

pretest n 預(yù)先測試

adj 避免引人注目的 微妙的思想 取代、代替 蝌蚪 adj 難吃的 disinterest n fester v irritant 惡化 n

self-effacing subtlety n 煩躁的事物 心態(tài) 訃告

強烈感情的不斷流露

supplant v tadpole

n mentality n obituary n outpouring n

unpalatable peripheral adj 次要的、非主要的

populist adj 聲稱代表人民的、平明主義的 sermon n 布道、講道

通過報業(yè)聯(lián)合會安排出售給多家報刊syndicate v 發(fā)表

audible adj 聲音聽得見

auspicious adj 吉利的、吉祥的 bulky adj 龐大的、寬大的 circumscribe comport v v 約束、限制

行動、表現(xiàn)

舉止、行為 comportment n cosmopolitan adj 見識廣的、兼容并包的 delineate v 描繪、描寫

人口統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù) demographics n detergent n distaste n 洗滌劑、洗衣粉 不喜歡 特許經(jīng)營權(quán) franchise n garish adj 過于艷麗的

普遍性、共同性 generality n ingrained adj 根深蒂固的、難以改變的 jolly adj 歡樂的、愉快的 miniscule（minuscule）nuance n 細微差別 adj 很小

第五篇：研究生英語綜合教程(上)Unit9_TextB

Is Affordable Housing Becoming An Oxymoron?

Hal R.Varian

現(xiàn)在，房子似乎貴得沒人買得起。當(dāng)然，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家更了解情況。從短期來看，大部分地區(qū)的住房供應(yīng)或多或少是固定的。因此，房價主要取決于市場的需求力——即人們在住房方面愿意花多少錢。在過去的幾年里，抵押貸款利率降至歷史最低點，而這直接刺激了住房需求。在一些地區(qū)，特別是在東南海岸，這些地區(qū)受到用地限制影響，住房供應(yīng)量很難再增加，房價已被推高到前所未有的水平。

抵押貸款利率是否造成了房價泡沫，這一直是個有爭議的問題。經(jīng)濟學(xué)對“泡沫”一詞，并沒有一個公認的定義，但有種觀點稱，住房需求的一個重要部分基于人們對未來房價增值的預(yù)期，房價越是走高，越有人愿意購買，以便從他們預(yù)期會增值的未來房價中獲取收益，這進一步推動了房價上漲。

引用艾倫·格林斯潘的話來說，市場中很可能存在一些“泡沫”，特別是在沿海地區(qū)。但即使泡沫退去，那些地區(qū)的住房仍然相當(dāng)昂貴。有什么解決辦法嗎？

一些城市已經(jīng)啟動住房補貼計劃，為新的業(yè)主提供各種類型的資助。不幸的是，這些計劃恰恰進一步擴大需求，推動房價上漲。事實上，在一個持續(xù)供應(yīng)住房的理想市場，對大部分買賣提供10%的補貼，只會使房價上漲10%。這種先自付、后補貼的房價政策，其結(jié)果又回到了起點。

如果你真想讓房價下降，你會增收房產(chǎn)稅，與強行補貼類似，房產(chǎn)稅增加10%會使房價下跌10%。當(dāng)然，住房的總費用（購買價加上稅的當(dāng)前價值）將保持不變，所以這也沒有真正解決住房費用問題。

在加利福尼亞州，稅收政策在房價動態(tài)變化方面已發(fā)揮出重大作用。1978年通過的13號議案將業(yè)主自住房的房產(chǎn)稅增幅限制在每年2%。但是當(dāng)住房出售時，房產(chǎn)稅是根據(jù)售價評估的，這意味著新業(yè)主通常面臨著顯著高于舊業(yè)主的房產(chǎn)稅。

13號議案被稱為“搬家稅”。事實上確實如此，因為對于加州房主來說，改造原有住房要比搬離原住房實惠得多。對比裝修和買賣的稅收費用，在原有三間臥室的房子里再添一間臥室要比買一套類似的四間臥室的房子便宜得多。出于同樣的原因，“空巢一族”的最佳做法是賣掉住房搬住俄勒岡州。這似乎已經(jīng)成為相當(dāng)普遍的做法，至少在某些特定群體中已經(jīng)相當(dāng)普遍。

那么，高房價的問題怎么解決？基礎(chǔ)經(jīng)濟學(xué)告訴我們，要想房價下降，我們必須減少住房需求或增加住房供給。在需求方面還有希望做到。隨著利率的上升，我們會看到需求減緩；的確，一些地區(qū)的房價走勢開始趨于平緩。

最后，要使人們買得起房，唯一可靠的方法是增加住房供應(yīng)量。但是，建一座新房子需要一塊被劃為住房用地的土地。我們不能制造更多的土地，因此，我們必須加強現(xiàn)有土地的使用，或者在離工作更遠的地方建房子。這兩個選項都不吸引人，在加州的城市里，交通日益擁擠，這就限制了人們的住所與工作場所間的距離。在許多理想的住宅區(qū)，土地的使用受到嚴(yán)格的限制，而且各種政治力量一致反對放寬這些限制。

想象一下，有人精打細算省下錢，在一塊一英畝的地皮上買下了理想的住房。他最不想看到他鄰居的地被二次分割，建成兩三座新房子。這樣做不僅會影響到他的生活質(zhì)量，更重要的是，也將影響他住房的價值。因為土地劃分法和土地使用限制推高了房價，所以尋求便宜住房的人不喜歡。但出于同樣的原因，一旦這位尋房者成為了房主，他往往變成這些限制政策的狂熱支持者。正如譜戈所說的那樣：“我們所遇到的敵人就是我們自己”。