第一篇：英語寫作手冊
Thespring festival is an important day in my life.Because my family must be have a reunion dinner on that day.All family members attend it.The family reunoin dinner is rich, it includes many chinese traditional food.When I was a child, I could get much money in the red pocket from the elder.On the other hand,my friends all come back to home from different city.I can play and chat with them, it is very happy.I love the spring festival’s atmosphere, it is lively, relax, pleasant and sweet.A new year’s eve party is very fun.You might spend much time preparing it.First, you need to make a list of the things you want to buy and decide to attendance you want to invite.And you should come up with some funny games to play with your friends.Then, you can call your friends to invite them and inform them of party’s time and place.Next ,you need to buy things and arrange the party place, it is very tired.At last ,you can cook much delisious food on party day, keep fresh and fit.When eveything is done well, you can enjoy it with yourfriends.3
My home village is very beautiful and comfortable.It is close to the sea.The climate there is better for people to live.There are all kinds of seafood to eat, and it is cheap and fresh.In sprig, you can also viewmany scenic spot and interests.In summer you can lay on the sand and sunbatheror swim in the sea.The most famous animals is monkey in there, you can see them on the mountain.My home town is a heaven to live and play, I love it so much.
第二篇：2丁往道《英語寫作手冊》外研社
參考文獻(xiàn)
1．《大學(xué)英語寫作---Expressing an Idea》趙文書，康文凱南京大學(xué)出版社
2． 丁往道《英語寫作手冊》外研社
3． 《英語寫作》劉家榮主編高等教育出版社
4． 英語寫作縱橫談 毛榮貴 編著 上海外語教育出版社
5．體驗(yàn)英語寫作楊永林 編著高等教育出版社
6．大學(xué)英語創(chuàng)意寫作Ian SmallwoodLi Po Lung上海外語教育出版社
7．英語作文借鑒手冊姜保華上海交通大學(xué)出版社
8．《英語寫作手冊》 丁往道等主編 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
9．《英語寫作指導(dǎo)》（加拿大）喬治· 波特溫著 上海外語教育出版社
9．Writing Academic EnglishAlice OshimaAnn HogueAddison-Wesley Publishing Company
10．《高級英語寫作指南》祁壽華 上海外語教育出版社
11．《高級英文寫作教程》王振昌 毛卓亮 董啟明 趙朝珠 編外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
12．《實(shí)用英語寫作》胡文仲 吳禎福 編著 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
13．Curriculum: Foundations, Principles, And Issues課程：基礎(chǔ)、原理和問題
（美）艾倫C 奧恩斯坦 費(fèi)朗西斯P漢金斯 著 江蘇教育出版社
14．英語寫作孫驪編著上海外語教育出版社Campbell, C.Teaching Second Language Writing: Interacting with Text.Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2004: 61-76.Marion Williams & Robert L.Burden.Psychology for Language Teachers Cambridge University Press,1997.Reid., J.Teaching ESL Writing.University of Wyoming: Prentice Hall Regents, 1993: 205-256.Silva, T.and Brice, C.Research in teaching writing.Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 24.USA: Cambridge University Press, 2004: 70-106.Ur P.A course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1996.21．劉上扶.《英語寫作論》。廣西教育出版社，1999.王文宇.《母語思維與英語寫作》，陜西師范大學(xué)出版社，2004.文秋芳，王立非.《英語寫作教學(xué)》。陜西師范大學(xué)出版社，2003.
第三篇：考研英語應(yīng)用文寫作完全手冊(DOC 64頁)
考研英語應(yīng)用文寫作完全手冊
———————有志者 事竟成 破釜沉舟 百二秦關(guān)終屬楚
天不負(fù) 有心人 臥薪嘗膽 三千里越甲可吞吳
各種類型的文章寫作
? 演講與致辭
? 證書
? 證明
? 合同與協(xié)議
? 產(chǎn)品說明書
? 天氣預(yù)報(bào)
? 食譜
? 廣告
? 賀卡
? 日記
? 啟事
? 自我介紹
? 海報(bào)
? 通知
? 簡歷--舉例
? 簡歷--概述
? 摘要--常見句型
? 摘要--概述
? 備忘錄--舉例
? 備忘錄--概述
? 便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--回復(fù)友人問侯
? 便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--借物
? 便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--道歉
? 便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--約請
? 便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--請假
? 便箋(便條)和短信--概述
? 私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--祝福信
? 私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--請求信
? 私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--求學(xué)信
? 私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--感謝信
? 私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--邀請信
? 私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--求助信
? 私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--推薦信
? 私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--應(yīng)聘信
? 私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--私人介紹信
? 私人和公務(wù)信函--常用句式
? 私人和公務(wù)信函--概述
演講與致辭
演講與致辭
一篇好的演講稿，通常要有很精彩的演講詞，以及很好的文體特征和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)還得考慮所演講的對象。
如何擬定演講稿（How to Make a Speech Draft）
真正寫好一篇演講稿，擬稿人首先得了解演講詞的文體特征以及演講詞的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，此外，還得考慮所演講的對象。這就是所謂“知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)百勝”。
演講詞的文體特征（Stylistic Features of a Speech）
因此，在準(zhǔn)備演講稿時(shí)，應(yīng)力求語言通俗易懂，詼諧幽默，生動形象，層次清晰，邏輯性強(qiáng)，句子精悍有力，文字朗朗上口，語言節(jié)奏感強(qiáng)。
1）放在前面多采用簡單句。
2）語言多口語化。
3）多用排比句式。
4）重復(fù)修辭格多。
5）多采用祈使句。
6）多運(yùn)用設(shè)問句。
在現(xiàn)代社會交際活動中，致辭的使用十分頻繁。
一般地，根據(jù)場合不同，致辭大體可分為正式和非正式兩種。正式場合致辭通常多用于官方性質(zhì)的會議、儀式等場合，這類致辭要求結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，語言規(guī)范。相反個(gè)人或民間舉行的一些非正式的儀式，語言則可以隨和、輕松一些。
致辭文體結(jié)構(gòu)（Structure of a Speech）
一篇完整的致辭，一般由引言、正文和結(jié)論三大部分組成。
引言（Introduction）
在致辭引言中，演講者應(yīng)著重指明演講主題的重要性以及重要意義以引起聽眾的注意及共鳴。
正文（Body）
正文部分是致辭的核心內(nèi)容，因此應(yīng)該突出主題，做到觀點(diǎn)明確，層次清晰，以達(dá)到致辭的真正目的。
結(jié)論（Conclusion）
結(jié)論部分是對致辭的主體內(nèi)容做出結(jié)論性的總結(jié)，并且應(yīng)對相關(guān)問題提出希望。因此，寫作時(shí)宜使用一些具有激勵性、鼓舞性的語言。按照致辭的場合以及用途，常見的致辭種類可分為：歡迎詞、答謝詞、歡送詞、告別詞、開幕詞、閉幕詞、賀詞、祝酒詞、悼詞等
證書
證書
證書所采用的也是一種應(yīng)用文體形式，一般內(nèi)容不長，語言精煉，用詞嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、準(zhǔn)確。
與證明不同的地方在于，有的證書沒有標(biāo)題，但必須注明證書的號碼。
常用的證書有：畢業(yè)證書、學(xué)位證書、結(jié)婚證書、退休證書、職稱證書等。
證明
證明
證明通常是由個(gè)人所在單位或?qū)W校出具的證明個(gè)人身份、學(xué)歷、經(jīng)歷或者某些事實(shí)真相的一種文書，具有一定的法律效力。在日常生活中，因?yàn)楣ぷ骰蚪煌男枰鼍咦C明是常有的事情。與證明相比，證書則是由學(xué)校、團(tuán)體或機(jī)關(guān)頒發(fā)的能夠證明資格或權(quán)力等問題的文件，例如考試等級證書、獲獎證書、榮譽(yù)證書等等。無論是出具證明還是頒發(fā)證書，都必須堅(jiān)持實(shí)事求是的原則，切忌弄虛作假。
證明的基本格式（The Style of Certificates）
英文證明的書寫格式比較簡單。但語言要求簡潔、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，格式要規(guī)范，并且反映事實(shí)情況。通常證明上無需收信人姓名、地址，也無需結(jié)束敬語。證明一般由標(biāo)題、正文、署名3部分組成。
合同與協(xié)議
合同與協(xié)議
合同或協(xié)議一般由三部分組成，即：標(biāo)題、正文和署名。
標(biāo)題（Title）
合同或協(xié)議的標(biāo)題需要標(biāo)明合同的性質(zhì)，點(diǎn)明主旨，說明這是一個(gè)什么合同。在商務(wù)合同中，還宜在標(biāo)題下面標(biāo)明合同號碼。
合同與協(xié)議正文（Body of the Text）
合同或協(xié)議的正文通常應(yīng)包括開端、具體條款和結(jié)尾。
合同或協(xié)議的開端首先要寫明簽訂合同或協(xié)議的雙方名稱、地址，同時(shí)簡要說明簽訂合同或協(xié)議的目的。通常為了便于合同或協(xié)議在文中的引用，在雙方名稱后分別注明“以下簡稱為或稱為買（賣）方或甲（乙）方”英語中稱為“hereinafter referred to as...”或“hereinafter called...”。
產(chǎn)品說明書
產(chǎn)品說明書
產(chǎn)品說明書，又稱為“產(chǎn)品使用手冊（Operating Manual）”，是生產(chǎn)廠商為銷售及進(jìn)一步宣傳和說明其產(chǎn)品而附在產(chǎn)品包裝內(nèi)部或外部的一種宣傳資料，主要用來說明產(chǎn)品的結(jié)構(gòu)、功能、性狀等各方面特征，并告訴客戶如何正確使用所購物品，使顧客對產(chǎn)品有深一層的了解，以免因使用不當(dāng)而造成不良后果，同時(shí)對今后產(chǎn)品的日常保養(yǎng)有一定的提示作用。產(chǎn)品說明書在英語中通常有三種不同的說法，即，Instruction, Direction, Description。
一份成功有效的說明書，不僅可以迅速激起人們的購買欲望，而且可以起到良好的宣傳廣告作用。
英語產(chǎn)品說明書一般由標(biāo)題（包括副標(biāo)題）和正文兩大部分組成。有的說明書在最后還附注廠商的名稱。
天氣預(yù)報(bào)
天氣預(yù)報(bào)
天氣預(yù)報(bào)是日常生活中每天都會有的我們經(jīng)常能夠從電視、廣播等媒介中了解到它的相關(guān)信息。天氣預(yù)報(bào)的內(nèi)容一般有兩大主體，包括對近期的天氣情況分析和主要城市的天氣情況介紹及氣溫預(yù)報(bào)。
天氣情況分析（Weather Analysis）
天氣情況分析是指在預(yù)報(bào)某一地區(qū)的主要城市天氣情況和氣溫報(bào)告前，對某一地區(qū)所作的總體天氣情況分析，例如氣壓、氣流、云團(tuán)的變化等等。一般是一個(gè)大范圍的預(yù)測，時(shí)間可以預(yù)計(jì)到兩三天甚至一周之內(nèi)。
主要城市天氣預(yù)報(bào)（Weather Forecast for Major Cities）
城市天氣預(yù)報(bào)是對某地區(qū)的主要城市所作的天氣情況（如晴、陰、雨、雪、多云、風(fēng)力、風(fēng)向等）的預(yù)報(bào)和氣溫報(bào)告，如今在很多大城市的天氣預(yù)報(bào)中，還加入了空氣污染指數(shù)，人體舒適度指數(shù)，穿衣出行指數(shù)等相關(guān)信息，使天氣預(yù)報(bào)更人性化
食譜
食譜
食譜是指介紹菜肴的原料、制作及烹飪的工序與方法的小短文，一般在家庭中的應(yīng)用比較廣泛，食譜的內(nèi)容一般包括菜肴名稱、用料、烹飪工序以及食法等。食譜與菜譜（menu）不同，菜譜是指飯店、餐館使用的印有菜名和菜價(jià)的目錄單，供客人查詢，而食譜主要是教會人們?nèi)绾斡H自動手制作出一道美味可口的菜，從而滿足并豐富人們的生活
廣告
廣告
廣告是人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪胁豢苫蛉钡囊徊糠郑粍t好的廣告應(yīng)該做到形式上新穎獨(dú)特，以達(dá)到成上引起讀者或聽者注意的目的。
英語廣告的結(jié)構(gòu)（The Structure of English Advertising）
一則完善的書面廣告應(yīng)由以下五部分組成：
1）標(biāo)題（headline），有的有副標(biāo)題（subheadline）；
2）正文（body text）；
3）口號（slogan）；
4）商標(biāo)（trademark）；
5）插圖（illustration）。
以上五部分中，前三部分為語言文字（verbal）部分，是廣告的主體部分；后兩部分為非語言文字（nonverbal）部分，是廣告的輔助性部分。
廣告創(chuàng)意的基本原則（AIDMA Principle of Advertising）
一則好的英語廣告，要求能夠做到引起讀者注意、激起讀者興趣、喚起讀者欲望、讓讀者過目不忘、使讀者采取行動。
廣告語言的特征（Features of Advertising Language）
一般說來，廣告語言都比較簡明、形象、生動而口語化。因?yàn)樗粌H要充分地宣傳、介紹該廣告的內(nèi)容，又要想方設(shè)法地節(jié)省篇幅和時(shí)間。總之，廣告的目的在于宣傳，廣告制作人應(yīng)在撰寫廣告時(shí)作認(rèn)真選擇，反復(fù)推敲
賀卡
賀卡
在現(xiàn)代社會交際當(dāng)中，賀卡扮演著越來越重要的角色。每當(dāng)節(jié)日、生日、慶典等喜慶日子以及各種周年紀(jì)念日快來時(shí)，親朋好友之間寄上一張精美的賀卡，致以良好的祝愿，以示慶賀。這樣既有利于感情溝通，又能起到加深友誼的作用。賀卡可以購置，也可自己制作。賀卡的書寫格式為：上端寫上： To Mr.(Mrs., Professor, Miss, Director, Dean, President, etc.)××，其中的“To” 也可省去；下端寫成：From ××，其中的“From” 同樣的可以省略。正文寫上： Wishing You A Happy New Year(A Merry Christmas, Happy Birthday, etc.)，其中的“Wishing you”可以省略不寫，也可代之以“With Best Wishes for”。
其中：“A Happy New Year”中的“A”也可省略。
例1：
To Mr.and Mrs.Brown
With Best Wishes for
A Merry Christmas
From Ronald Frye
日記
日記
日記是對每天所發(fā)生的和所做的事情的記錄，有的日記則兼記對這些事情的感受。日記一般可分為兩種類型，即傷痛 事型日記和抒情型日記。
My love is the human race—not, of course, the corrupt, servile, idle race that we too ofte
n meet.I love the great, fine possibilities, even in a corrupt people.I love the race of the centurise to come...We live in a time when everything is working toward amelioration.These seeds of enlightenment, these silent wishes and strivings toward the education of the race,...will yield glorious fruit.This is the sacred goal of my wishes and my activity—to plant the seeds which will ripen in another generation.啟事
啟事
啟事是一種公告性的應(yīng)用文。機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體或個(gè)人若有事情要向群眾公開說明，或者對群眾有什么要求，都可以把要說的意思簡要地寫成啟事，張貼于布告欄等公共場所。特別重要的或涉及面較廣的，往往還要登報(bào)。
啟事的種類繁多，日常生活中常用的有：遺失啟事、招領(lǐng)啟事、征稿啟事等等。
例1
Directions: Suppose you carelessly lost a Longman Modern English Dictionary in the reading room.Please write a notice of about 100 words, titled Lost.Lost
Aug.18,2004
I was so careless that I lost a copy of “Longman Modern English Dictionary” when studying in the reading room around 3 o’clock pm.yesterday.You can find my name “Euphemia” on the cover.The dictionary is a dear gift of my best friend who is working overseas.If you are the kind finder, could you do me a favor to send it to the office of the Foreign Languages Department or ring me up to fetch it back.I’ll be very grateful for your kindness.Loser，Euphemia
Address: Room 1010, 40#
Tel.No: 68602145
*尋物啟事要包括對失物的具體描述，遺失地點(diǎn)，失主的聯(lián)系方式，并要表示對歸物者的感謝。
例2
Directions: Wong Yuksing is looking for his missing fatherinlaw.Please write a notice, with the following items included
1)the information of the missing man
2)the reason
3)the contact way
You should write no less than 100 words.MISSING
My fatherinlaw, Mr Liu Guashing,born in Wuhan, Hubei Province and aged 46, has been missing for years.He is the fifth graduates of St.Johns University.30 years ago he was living on 5/F, 3 Wuhan Street, Kowloon and working for St.Matthew’s Hospital as a dentist.But since then there has not been any information about his whereabouts.As my wife has been badly ill, I would appreciate any information on him from anyone reading this notice to meet her last wish in the world.Please contact the person below on 27176800.I shall always remember with gratitude the help you would offer us.Wong Yuksing
* 此為尋人啟示，要寫明所尋失蹤者的信息，以及走失時(shí)間與原因，語言要求樸實(shí)、真誠，給讀者以同情之感。
自我介紹
自我介紹
在社交場合以及日常生活中，自我介紹都是少不了的。例如：與生人相見，老師給新生上課前，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)到新單位就職等都需要作一番自我介紹，然而如何做好自我介紹卻并非易事。
一般情況下，自我介紹的內(nèi)容和形式應(yīng)取決于所在場所的氣氛和對象。自我介紹通常分為兩類，即非正式場合自我介紹和正式場合自我介紹。當(dāng)然，自我介紹大多指的是在非正式場合，因?yàn)檎綀龊蠒腥藢ｉT作介紹的。
自我介紹的語言要求誠懇、謙遜，切忌夸大其詞、目中無人。其內(nèi)容長短應(yīng)適中，少則五六句多則一二十句即可。
海報(bào)
海報(bào)
海報(bào)是人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪袠O為常見的一種招貼形式，多用于電影、戲曲、比賽、文藝演出等活動。海報(bào)中通常要寫清楚活動的性質(zhì)，活動的主辦單位、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等內(nèi)容。海報(bào)的語言要求簡明扼要，形式要做到機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)穎美觀。
海報(bào)的格式，通常有三部分組成，即標(biāo)題、正文與落款。
海報(bào)的標(biāo)題對于海報(bào)的宣傳極為重要。因此標(biāo)題的撰寫晝做到簡潔明快，新穎醒目，抓住讀者的注意力，海報(bào)的標(biāo)題形式通常有兩種：一是直接使用“海報(bào)”（Poster）一詞；另一種則是根據(jù)海報(bào)的內(nèi)容，撰寫標(biāo)題。
海報(bào)正文是海報(bào)的核心部分，它是對海報(bào)標(biāo)題的具體描述。語言要求形象生動，簡明扼要。做到既有鼓動性，又不夸大其辭。正文的常見表現(xiàn)形式有：簡介說明式，文學(xué)描述式，美術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)式。
例1
Directions:You are preparing for a friendly Basketball Match.Write a poster which asks for:
1)the right form of a standard poster
2)write the place and time clearly
You should write about 100 words.POSTER
Friendly Basketball Game
There is going to be a friendly and wonderful basketball match between Beijing Forestry University Basketball Team and ours under the auspices of the Recreational and Physical Culture Department of the students’ union of the college.It has been decided that this basketball match will be held at the students’ activity center which could contain at least 200 people on Saturday, Aug.23rd, 2004, at 5:00 p.m.It is expected that the competition between the two teams will be keen and severe.All of you are cordially welcome to present the match.The Recreational and Physical
Culture Department of the Students’
Union of the college.Thursday.Aug.21st.2004
*.“由……舉辦”可以用詞組“under the auspices of…”，另外，注意中英文通知中落款時(shí)間書寫位置的差別，中文一般寫在右下角，英文寫在左下角。
例2
Directions:You are going to write an notice for an English-speaking contest.1)the right form of a standard notice
2)tell the purpose and content of this contest clearly
You should write no less than 100 words
English-Speaking Contest
In order to carry out some after-class oral English practice activities and improve the students’ ability of speaking English, the Students’ Union of the English department has decided to hold a departmentwide Englishspeaking contest at the students’ activity center on Saturday next week, i.e Aug.23rd.2004.Everyone who is willing to join in may tell your name and your topic of the speech to your monitor.We will invite five English teachers to work as judges.The first six winners will get the awards as an encouragement.Warmly wish everyone to attend and your presence will certainly encourage and cheer the contestants.The Students’ Union of
English Department
*課外活動在英語里可表達(dá)為after-class activities.“in order to…”是表達(dá)“為了……”的一種常用句型。另外，書寫通知的語言應(yīng)注意做到言簡意賅。
例3
Directions: You are preparing for a poster to introduce a great place of interest—Gold Coast of Australia.Please write it in about 100 words.WELCOME to GOLD COAST of AUSTRALIA
The Gold Coast is the undisputed tourist capital of Australia.Each year about three million people visit the holiday city that rivals the most famous world resorts.And we can almost promise sunshine, three hundred sun drenched days a year.A yearly average of 25 degrees Velsius and a winter average of 21 degrees Celsius are nature’s guarantee for a fabulous holiday.There is nothing we cannot do on the Gold Coast.World class attractions include Sea World, Dream world, Wildlife Sanctuary, and the surfing beaches.HOTLINE:(075)921 655
MOBLIE:(018)754211
FAX:(075)921472
*這是一張澳大利亞“黃金海岸”張貼的公告，供大家參考使用。請著重注意一下有關(guān)聯(lián)系方式的書寫格式。
通知
通知
通知是上級對下級、團(tuán)體對個(gè)人部署工作、傳達(dá)事情或召開會議時(shí)所用的一種文體。同級單位有事情要進(jìn)行討論或協(xié)商，也可以互發(fā)通知。通知分兩種：一種是以布告形式，把事情通知有關(guān)人員；另一種是以書信形式，把相關(guān)事情傳達(dá)給有關(guān)人員。一般說來，通知正文上面正中的地方往往有 Notice 或 NOTICE 一詞作為題目，正文的下面是發(fā)出通知的單位名稱。有時(shí)，發(fā)出通知單位的名稱也可寫在正文之前。發(fā)出通知的日期一般寫在左下角；發(fā)出通知的人或單位的名稱，可以寫在右下角。這兩項(xiàng)有時(shí)也可以省略。發(fā)出通知的單位和通知對象一般都用第三人稱，但若正文前用了稱呼語，則應(yīng)用第二人稱表示被通知的對象。
例1
Directions:If you are the organizer of a tour and you should give a notice to tell the tourists something about it.It should include:
1)Where is the destination of the tour.2)What should the tourists pay attention to.You should write no less than 100 words.NOTICE TO TOURISTS
According to the schedule, the touring party will visit the Summer Palace and Tian Anmen Square today.You can leave your baggage in the Left Baggage Office and pick it up later this afternoon if it is too heavy to carry with you.The receipt of the baggage should be kept carefully because you will need it.We will come to the Summer Palace first and finish the tour at 2 pm.Then we are going to the destination of Tian Anmen Square without parking.So please don’t get off the sightseeing bus during the journey until the driver says that it is time for food and drinks or toilets.Please be on time!
* 這是一張旅行團(tuán)張貼的布告，告知游客當(dāng)天的活動以及注意事項(xiàng)。“行李寄存處”叫Left Baggage Office,這是美國英語。英國人管行李叫l(wèi)uggage，與此相對的,行李寄存處便是Left Luggage Office。領(lǐng)取行李，美語to claim baggage,英國人說to reclaim luggage。旅游車是sightseeing bus或coach.例2
Directions:There are something important to tell the passengers of the plane.Write notice about:
1)Reconfirmation the reservation
2)What’s the validity of a normal fare ticket.3)About the refund.You should write about 100 words
Important Notice
RECONFIRMATION If you break your journey for more than 35 hours at any point and hold a continuing or return reservation, please reconfirm your intention of using the reservation.VALIDITY A normal fare ticket is valid for one and a half years from the date of issue if none of any portion of it has been used, or from the date of commencement if the carriage is commenced.When in doubt, please check with the carrier’s office concerned.REFUND The refund should be made not later than 19 days after expiry date of the ticket and only refunded in the same country.*以上是乘坐飛機(jī)的注意事項(xiàng)，包括來回票機(jī)座的確認(rèn)問題（reconfirmation）、機(jī)票的有效期問題（validity）以及退票事項(xiàng)（refund）。在飛行前應(yīng)著重注意這些瑣碎的問題。
例3
Directions:You are a member of the students’ union You want to hold a lecture.Write a notice to the students to inform:
1)the topic and mainly contents of the lecture
2)time and place.3)the professor who will give the lecture.You should write about 100 words
NOTICE
Jontly sponsored by the Students’ Union and the Youth League Committee, a professional lecture naming “How the Tariffs changed after China entered into WTO”will be given by Professor Wang Yanqiong.This lecture is mainly about how the import and export polices affect the development of economy, especially the tariffs.Some experts on WTO problems will be present too.They are going to have a discussion during the meeting.The lecture will be held in the terraced classroom No.5 of the building on Friday, October 1,2004 at 2:30 p.m.Welcome all the intelligent students to join in the lecture.Please be punctual.Jointly sponsors:The Student’s union and The Youth League Committee
*在表示聯(lián)合發(fā)起時(shí)，用Jointly sponsors加合作單位名稱
例4
Directions:You are a secretary of the Dean’s Office.Professor Wang Ting is absent for health reasons.Write a bulletin to tell the students.A few of details should be clear:
1)why professor Wang Ting can’t come to work.2)who will substitute for her
3)how long the situation will be kept
It should be no less than 100 words.BULLETIN
Professor Wang Ting, English teacher of Grade Three, is temporarily prevented from coming to class for health reasons.Professor Xu Zhiyuan will substitute for her to instruct Listening English for two weeks.The first week, a movie will be given to practise the listening English, and the second week, there will be a class discussion.Professor Li Chaoshan will substitute for her to instruct Conversational English for three weeks.The last week is for the final examination.The topic of this week will be “The Society and The Humanrights”.You should collect some materials and prepare enough before the class.Please tell each other about the message and go to the class on time.Dean’s Office
*“代課”用substitute表示。substitute可用做名詞，例如his or her substitute。Substitute也可用做動詞，有兩種表示法：to substitute B with A 或to substitute A for B.“上課”，大學(xué)里一般用instruct。
例5
Directions:The Residents’Committee needs to hold a meeting to discuss the security in the residential area.write a notice to tell the residents that:
1)why the meeting is necessary.2)The time and place of this security meeting
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
NOTICE
It is reported by several inhabitants from this residential area that some strangers with dirty clothes(one of them has a scar on the face)have lately haunted this area.Some stealings have happened from time to time.So the Residents’Commitee decided to hold a meeting to talk about the problems concerning security in our residential area.The meeting will be held in Room 202 of Building No.4, the time is from 2 to 4 p.m.of May 12, 20
04.It is very important that at least one member of each household is requested to attend.Please be punctual and don’t forget to take the notebooks with you.The Residents’ Committee
*“居民區(qū)”用residential area或residential quarters來表示，“居委會”有兩種譯法，一是the Residents’Committee,另一個(gè)是the Neighborhood Committee,兩者皆可。
例6
Directions:You are the leader of the new Public Security Team, you should tell the residents about the security situation of the residential area.The details including:
1)the purpose of this new Public Security Team.2)How to contact with the team.You should write about 100 words
BULLETIN.Recently, there have been several burglaries in our residential quarters.A few of muggings have been reported by the inhabitants too.A public security team has been set up in order to maintain the order and security of this residential area.Everyone and each household are expected to be on guard.If you see some strangers haunting around this residential area at any time, please be very cautious and careful.Should there be any emergency or you may be in trouble, please call 64941101 or you can go to Room.1101.of Building No.9.to ask for help.Thank you for cooperating with the team.Public Security Team.*城市尤其是大城市人員流動頻繁，犯罪率比較高，“撬門”是burglary,“偷盜”是theft,“攔路搶劫”是mugging,“掏包”是pickpocket,警衛(wèi)或保安人員，是security guards.Should there be any emergency,是一種虛擬證據(jù)，有“萬一”的含義。例如Should you be in trouble, please call 110.例7
Directions:You are a guard of the Guardroom Residential Area.You want to notice something to the inhabitants of this area.The followings should be clear:
1)What’s the purpose of this notice?
2)What should the inhabitants do if the situation mentioned happens?
You should write about 100 words
NOTICE
It is reported from the inhabitants and residents in our residential area that a few persons came to house holds to sell gas from time to time.They pretended to be the workers of the Gas Company and entered into the inhabitants’ home on the pretext of examination of the gasline.This kind of situations have happened several times.This activity is illegitimate and should be forbidden.The Gas Company didn’t send anyone to check the gas or gasline lately.Should such people come again, please immediately contact the security guards.We will come over and interfere.The emergency number is 64492889.You can call at any time you need.Guardroom.Plesidential Area
*小區(qū)居民，是residents 或inhabitants。to pretend冒充,on the pretext of。
例8
Directions:Suppose you are one of the organizers of English evening.Write a notice about it, which should include sponsor ,time, place and the program.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2
NOTICE
The afterclass Activities Group takes pleasure in announcing that under the auspices of the students’ union of English Department, annual English evening is to be held in the students’ activity center on Saturday, Aug, 23rd, at 7:00 p.m.The program includes songs, dances, recitations, storytelling, skits and plays which are played all by students.Admission tickets may be obtained on application to the afterclass Activites Group, Room 205, Office Building for free.It must be a good time to enjoy and relax yourselves.All are cordially welcome to give your encouragement to the players and cheer them.*take pleasure in doing sth.很高興做某事，under the auspices(復(fù)數(shù))of …由…舉辦，of后跟主辦、贊助的人或單位。
例9
Directions: You are a resident in Hong Kong and need a larger flat.Write a bulletin including following details:
1)your reason for the larger flat.2)your contact information
You should write no less than 100 words.Dear Sir/Madam，I am a permanent resident in Hong Kong and my present residence is Rm 206 Block 8, Kai Man Estate.I have been living with my mother, wife, younger brother and my two children in the above flat.Not long ago, my brother died in an traffic accident.Because of this, his wife and his two children were allowed to come to Hong Kong from Mainland China to live with us.The change from a 6-member family to a 8-member one has created a very crowdy living environment.I therefore would like to apply for a move to a larger flat in accordance with the housing regulations concerned.Below are my personal particulars for your reference:
ID Card No.: A 306955(1)
Contact Telephone No.: 3568496
Correspondence Address:
Rm 206, Block 8, Kai Man Estate, N.T.Your consideration over this case will be highly appreciated.Yours faithfully，［signature］
* permanent resident 長久公民，in accordance with符合，Correspondence Address通訊地址。
簡歷--舉例
簡歷--舉例
例1
Directions:You are applying for admission to qraduate law program and in need of a resume please write it to describe
1)your education background,qualifications and honors
2)experience
3)personal information
You should write about 100 words
RESUME
LI MING
203 APT 32 ALLEY 1324 NANJING RD(E)
SHANGHAI 20020, PRC
E-MAIL ADDRESS:Liming@sohu.com
OBJECTIVE:Seeking admission to graduate program of law
EDUCATION:Fudan University1999-present
Major in law
Shanghai No.1 High School1996-1999
QUALIFICATIONS:University graduation certificate and bachelor
degree to be conferred upon graduation(2003)
CET6 College English Test level 6 0ct.2002
HONORS:First prize winner of Department speech contest Oct.2002
University scholarship for Excellent studeuts(2001,2002)
EXPERIENCE:President of Students’Union
2001-present
Editor of University Journal2000-2001
SPECIAL SKILLS:Good at public speech and debate
Proficient in English（fluent speaking and writing）
Expertise on commercial law
Good command of Word & Excel software
PERSONAL DATA:Date of Birth:8/21/1980
Sex:male
Marital Status:unmarried
Health:good
REFERENCES:Zhuang zhong
Dean of law dept
Fudan University
Law professor
*這份簡歷是仿照美式的，第一個(gè)項(xiàng)目就是“求職意向”(objective),開門見山，一目了然。請注意“學(xué)歷”（Education）和“工作經(jīng)歷”（Experience）,英文必須先寫近的，后寫遠(yuǎn)的，與中文恰好相反。西方強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人特長，所以簡歷中最好提一下自己的特長（special skills）簡歷末尾給出推薦人證明你的英文和專業(yè)水平。推薦人應(yīng)有一定的身份。
例2
Directions:You are applying for a job.please writing a resume to HR to describe:
1)your objective
2)work experience
3)Educational Background
4)personal information
RESUME
204 APT 2 ALLEY 328 YONGJIA RE TEL：64308991
SHANGHAI 200020，PRCEMALL：kalunz@163.net
Career Objective:A position of management job potential in the banking department specializing in Foreign change
Work Experience:
July 2001 to×××Inc.Present Secretary to deputy manager of marketing
●draft business correspondence
●keep and update files
●Schedule deputy manager’s appointments
August 1999 to ×××Co., Ltd.June 2001Receptionist
●Telephone communication
●greeted clients
●manage correspondence
March 1998 to ×××Industrial Bank
May 1998 Intern
Educational Background:
Sept 1994 toShanghai×××University,Bachelor Degree in International Business Management
July 1998Major in International Business Management
●key courses including English, Japanese，Computer Operation, Business Management,Investment
International Commercial Law
Sept 1988 to Shanghai×××High School
July 1994
Personal Information:male, born in Shanghai, 11/12,1970, unmarried, healthy
References available upon request.* 這是一份中式求職簡歷。這種簡歷重點(diǎn)突出自己的工作經(jīng)歷（Work Experience）,同時(shí)對自己在每一項(xiàng)工作中的突出成績進(jìn)行詳細(xì)描述，并用●標(biāo)出，以引起對方注意，此簡歷較為詳細(xì)地闡明了求職目標(biāo)。
例3
Directions:You are hunting for a job.Please write a resume to describe your
1)job objective
2)education background
3)skills
Li Tao
P.O.Box 211,××University
6824××Road, Shanghai 200431
Tel:53688226 Email:Litao@sina.com.cn
Job Objective Seeking an office building architectural designer position in a small-to-middle sized architectural firm
×× University, shanghai
EducationB.S.in architecture, June 2002
Completed four-year course of architectural design.Counses included Urban Design，Architectural Planning, Structural Engineering，Interior Decoration, Office Facilities Management，Computer-aided
Architectural Design
Special Skills▲Familiar with MS Words, MS Excel，AutoCAD
▲Good command of building codes and standards knowledge
▲independent work ability
▲Proficient in English,(TOEFL 632, January 2001)
Summer Work job construction projects of ××
Company for the past three summers
Other InterestsSketching,painting, photography, developing films in
and hobbies references avail able upon request
*這是一份畢業(yè)生求職簡歷。它著重突出了自己已學(xué)課程（courses）和個(gè)人的技能（special skills）文中B.S.in architecture,是建筑學(xué)士學(xué)位縮寫。值得指出的是對在校生來說，平時(shí)的實(shí)習(xí)工作經(jīng)歷能為你的簡歷增分不少。因此該學(xué)生也介紹了與所求職位有著相似工作要求的summer work.例4
Directions: You want to apply for a position as a manager of sale department.Write a simple resume to describe your working experience.It should be around 100 words.RESUME
Tony Brown
Center Street
Centerville, La.Telephone:(819)988-6163
Working Experience
2000 to present Western Regional Sales Manager
ABC Electronic Corp.Center, La.Supervised sales force of 35 men selling computer
and MP3 components.Responsible for train
ing, the establishment and fulfillment of sales
goals.During this period, region’s sales rose
an average of 40% anually, compared to
previous rise to 28%.Presently employed by
the firm, but famile ownership prevents rising
any higher in the foreseeable future
* 個(gè)人簡歷不要太繁瑣，一般一張紙就夠了，本范例著重介紹了自己的工作經(jīng)歷以及取得的成就。如果是應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生的簡歷，就會相對簡單一些，由于沒有什么工作經(jīng)歷，因此強(qiáng)調(diào)一下自己的已學(xué)課程就可以了。不同的簡歷側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同，要區(qū)別對待。
簡歷--概述
簡歷--概述
現(xiàn)代社會，人們在實(shí)現(xiàn)自我推銷時(shí)，外語能力成了一項(xiàng)不容忽視的條件。因而，一份簡潔，明了、富有說服力的英文簡歷會幫助你實(shí)現(xiàn)自我推銷的目的。
在英語中，簡歷一般采用Resume 或 Curriculum Vitea 一詞，偶爾也有Data Sheet或Vita，Vitae 的用法。
簡歷是就業(yè)時(shí)不可缺少的材料。它不是對自己的經(jīng)歷以及經(jīng)驗(yàn)的一一列舉，而是列出主要的且密切相關(guān)的材料。例如：經(jīng)驗(yàn)、業(yè)績、能力、性格等等，然后將這些相關(guān)信息用簡潔有力的文字表達(dá)出來。寫簡歷時(shí)，應(yīng)身臨其境地設(shè)想是推銷員，并把自己當(dāng)作產(chǎn)品推銷。簡歷是人們尋求職業(yè)的重要手段，也是爭取就業(yè)機(jī)會的第一關(guān)，因此，它必須寫得出色，以便吸引雇主。通常一份成功的簡歷要遵循下列準(zhǔn)則：
1）展現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)勢和特長；
2）提供能吸引雇主的信息；
3）曾經(jīng)取得過的成績；
4）附上具有說服力的證明材料、證明人和推薦信。
5）格式美觀，長度適中；
6）用詞妥貼，語言簡潔而不失重點(diǎn)。
摘要--常見句型
摘要--常見句型
常見的摘要句型有：
1）This paper deals with...2）This article focuses on the topics of(that,having,etc)...3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）This thesis discusses...5）This thesis analyzes...6）This paper provides an overview of...7)This paper elaborates on...8）This article gives an overview of...9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning...11)This paper presents uptodate information on...12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13)This paper addresses important topics including...14)This paper touches upon...15)This paper strongly emphasizes...16)This eassy represents the preceedings of...17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18)This paper considers...19)This paper provides a method of...20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23)This article explores...24)This paper expresses views on...25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26)This paper explains the procedures for...27)This paper develops the theory of...28)This article reviews the techniques used in...29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to...30)This article is about...31)This eassy is related to...32)This paper concerns...33)This paper gives an account of...34)This article tells of...35)This paper tries to describe...36)This paper provides an analysis of...37)This paper reports the latest information on...38)The author of this article reviews...39)The writer of this paper discusses...40)The writer of this eassy tries to explore...41)The aim of this paper is to determine...42)The purpose of this article is to review...43)The objective of this paper is to explore...摘要--概述
摘要--概述
文章摘要是對所寫文章主要內(nèi)容的精煉概括。美國人稱摘要為“Abstract”,而英國人則喜歡稱其為“Summary”。
通常國際刊物要求所要刊登的文章字?jǐn)?shù)，包括摘要部分不超過1萬字。而對文章摘要部分的字?jǐn)?shù)要求則更少。因此，寫摘要時(shí)，應(yīng)用最為簡練的語言來表達(dá)論文之精華。論文摘要的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)放在所研究的成果和結(jié)論上。
國際會議要求的論文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)不等，一般為200字-500字。而國際刊物要求所刊登的論文摘要的字?jǐn)?shù)通常是100字-200字。摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，內(nèi)容上涵蓋全文，并直接點(diǎn)明全旨。語言上要求盡量簡煉。摘要通常多采用第三人稱撰寫。
科學(xué)書籍、論文和學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告一般都附有內(nèi)容摘要，這樣可以節(jié)省讀者的時(shí)間，使他們不必讀完整個(gè)文章就能夠了解它的主要內(nèi)容。書籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；論文和學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。摘要應(yīng)做到簡明扼要，切題，能獨(dú)立成文，使讀者能準(zhǔn)確地了解書籍的要義。寫摘要時(shí)，最好用第三人稱的完整的陳述句，文長一般不超過200個(gè)詞。
摘要分陳述性的（Descriptive）和資料性的（Informational）兩類。陳述性摘要只陳述書籍或文章的主題，不介紹內(nèi)容。資料性的摘要除了介紹主題外，還應(yīng)介紹文章的要點(diǎn)和各個(gè)要點(diǎn)的主要內(nèi)容。
它可以包括三個(gè)組成部分
①點(diǎn)明主題，解析文章或書籍的目的或意圖；
②介紹主要內(nèi)容，使讀者迅速了解文章或書籍的概貌；
③提出結(jié)論或建議，以供讀者參考。
備忘錄--舉例
備忘錄--舉例
例1
Directions: Write a memorandum of about 100 words to the student service department and ask them to fix a telephone for each dormitory.MEMO
August 16,2004
To:The leader of student service department
From: Li Ming
Subject:Telephone
Dear Sir，I would like to remind you that we are in want of a telephone for each dormitory.As a university student, we need to cope with the daily increasing communications with teachers, friends and people outside the campus.We need a telephone to get and send message, which is important for us.Though most of us have mobile phones and e-mail address, a telephone in the dormitory is after all the most convenient and cheapest tool of communication.I hope that you will pay attention to this problem and solve it as soon as possible.Regards.Yours，Li Ming
*“remind”一詞用法比較多，可以在后面直接接人或賓格，如“提醒我”譯為please remind me.如果提醒某人某事則用remind somebody of something，也可以在后面加從句，即“remind sb that”,remind還有一個(gè)意思為“使想起”同樣用remind…of…的結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)注意與提醒某事區(qū)分。
例2
Directions:You are supposed to write a Memorandom of about 100 words to the leader of the supply section to borrow one more microscope for your biological experiment.It should include:
1)Why you need the microscope.2)When you need it.MEMO
August 12,2004
To: Mr.Gates, leader of the supply section
From:Li Ming of the biological laboratory
Subject:Microscope
Dear Sir，I’m a student of biology department and we are badly in need of an extra microscope in order to improve our experimental work.Our experiment will start on Friday, so please issue a microscope to us as soon as possible so that we can prepare better for the experiment.With kind regards.Yours sincerely，Li Ming
*這是一封備忘錄，在寫備忘錄的時(shí)侯，一定要注意它的格式，尤其要在開頭寫清楚是誰寫給誰來備忘的，用From: To：兩個(gè)單詞即可。文中的“badly”是“非常的，迫切的”意思。短語“in order to”同下句的“so that”意思是一樣的即：為了，目的是。不同的是前者后接動詞原型而后者常跟目的狀語從句，類似的短語還有“in order that”,用法與“so that”相同。
例3
Directions: If you are the teacher of the students’ Counseloris office: P: steelpes, and you have received a letter for requesting for paid education leave from a student.Write him a memo to reply him including details:
1)The result of his requirement.2)The reason for rejecting.3)some suggestions
You should write about 100 words.To: Records Section
From: P/ Steelpes, Career Planning
Subject: Request for Paid Education Leave
Date: May 22, 2004
In response to your request for one year of paid education leave to take a degree in English literature, I have to inform you that we cannot authorize this leave.While we appreciate your desire to improve your knowledge, we feel that English literature is not directly related to your present position and to the goals of this organization.I am aware of your great interest in literature, and I would like to point out that you cou
ld gain advantage to apply for leave without pay.If you need another information on the above, do not hesitate to keep touch with me at any time.P.Steels
* 首先要注意本篇備忘錄的格式很標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。然后注意這個(gè)備忘錄的個(gè)別詞的用法，譬如：be aware of 注意到、當(dāng)心的意思，point out 指出,request for 要求，in response to 反饋。
例4
Directions: You are a supervisor of a big company.The chief of operations wants to adopt the“punch-in”system to increase productivity.Write a memo to talk about this:
1)Does the “punch-in”system benefit the company?
2)If the company doesn’t adopt it, what else can we do to increase productivity.You should write about 100 words.To.David Green, Chief of Operations
From: Tony.Party , Supervisor
Subject: Comments on the “Punch-in” System
Date: March.22, 2004
This is further to your memo dated March.20, 2004, in which you proposed that employees adopt the “punch-in” system.I fully agree with you that we must increase productivity.As far as your proposal that if the “punch-in” system is adopted, we would have a tighter control over the employees is concerned.However, I don’t think so.I personally think that, to accomplish this, we should give the employees more incentives to work faster.I feel that if we(the supervisors)could meet with you , we could discuss different possiblilities to create such incentiveness.Your consideration of this suggestion would be appreciated.Tony Party
* 此篇是對一篇備忘錄的回復(fù)。生產(chǎn)主管認(rèn)為實(shí)行打孔考勤制度（“punch-in”system），有利于增加生產(chǎn)效率。但督察卻不這樣認(rèn)為。他認(rèn)為“should give the employees more incentives to work faster”。
例5
Directions: You are a manager of administration office naming Vera.M.Bradford.The board of directors have decided to anew the Fitness Center.Write a memo to tell all the employees that:
1)How long will this project be last for?
2)Welcome the employees to provide suggestions.You should write about 100 words.To: Every Employees
From: Brian Aponte
Date: November 18, 2004
Subject: Fitness Center
The board of directors approved the idea for anew Fitness Center at its meeting yesterday.Work on the Fitness Center will begin right now and should be completed within 90 days.An employee representative from each division will be appointed to determine the type of equipment and programs that will be made available.We are happy to be able to provide a facility that will contribute to the physical fitness of all our employees.Your representative on the task force will contact you soon for your suggestions about activities and equipment.Brian Aponte
Administration Office, Manager
* 這是一篇關(guān)于公司修建健身中心的備忘錄。備忘錄中說健身中心工作馬上開始而且“completed within 90 days”。而且希望各部門代表與主辦部門聯(lián)系，征求關(guān)于活動和設(shè)備的意見。
備忘錄--概述
備忘錄--概述
備忘錄是一種錄以備忘的公文。在公文函件中，它的等級是比較低的，主要用來提醒、督促對方，或就某個(gè)問題提出自己的意見或看法。在業(yè)務(wù)上，它一般用來補(bǔ)充正式文件的不足。它的內(nèi)容可以分為以下幾項(xiàng)：
書端（Heading）;
收文人的姓名、頭銜、地址（Addressee’s Name, Title, Address）；
稱呼(Salutation)；
事因(Subject)；
正文（Body）；
結(jié)束語（Complimentary Close）；
署名（Signature）。
備忘錄--注意事項(xiàng)
書端部分包括發(fā)文機(jī)關(guān)的名稱、地址、發(fā)文日期，有的還包括電報(bào)掛號、電傳號、電話號碼等。許多機(jī)關(guān)有自己特制的信箋，在寫書端時(shí)，其格式和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的使用與一般信件的相同。收文人（或收文單位）的姓名、頭銜、地址一項(xiàng)寫在左上角編號處的下面，其格式與書信的寫法相同。
稱呼從左邊頂格寫起，對一般機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體的負(fù)責(zé)人一般用 Dear Sir，對政府官員可用 Sir。
“事因”一項(xiàng)目前采用得較少。它可放在稱呼語之前，也可放在其后，前面可加 Re或Docket, Subject。如果此項(xiàng)寫在稱呼語之前，多從左邊的頂格寫起；若放在稱呼語之后，一般寫在信箋正中。它多采用不完整的句子，只需很少幾個(gè)詞，甚至一個(gè)詞，目的在于使收文人對文中的主要內(nèi)容一目了然，便于及時(shí)處理。
正文、結(jié)束語和署名等項(xiàng)與一般信件的格式相同。
便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--回復(fù)友人問侯
便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--回復(fù)友人問侯
(Reply for Regards)
例
Directions:You have just had a operation, and received a note of regards from your friend Jenny.Now please write a reply to her to tell her your current situation.You should write about 100 words.Jan.8th.Dear Jenny，Thanks for your letter of sympthy I received the day before yesterday.The operation on my leg was a wonderful success.You know I had been suffering a lot from my leg since my childhood.The operation removed the cause of trouble.It is quite worth having the operation.I am daily recovering from my illness.I’m confident I will soon be in the office again after proper treatment.Thank you for kind wishes.My best wishes to all your family
×××
*這是對好友問侯便條的回復(fù)。形式簡單，內(nèi)容明了。過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)“I had been suffering…my childhood”表示動作從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。
便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--借物
便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--借物
(Borrowing)
例
Directions:You are going to write a note for borrowing sth.please deseribe these information clearly.1)the thing you ask
2)detailed what you are going to do with it.3)how long will you take it.Tuesday
Dear Xiao Wang:
I wonder if I could borrow your electronic dictionary for a few days.Now I am translating some important articles.There are many new words which I have to look up the dictionary usually.I just have a paper dictionary but of course it’s not as convenient as the electronic one, which has a bad effect upon my velocity of my translating.So I think your electonic dictionary is more suitable for me to complete my work.I promise that I must be very careful of your dictionary and make no damage done on it.Thank you very much!
Yours ever
×××
*字典是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪谐Ｓ玫膶W(xué)習(xí)工具，但是千萬不能直接從字面上認(rèn)為“查字典”就是“check the dictionary”，而應(yīng)該用“l(fā)ook up”這個(gè)固定短語來表達(dá)。
“影響……”有一個(gè)很地道的短語。“have effect upon/on”,后面接受影響的人或物，如果是積極影響就在have和effect之間加a good，反之，就加“a bad”其他的形容詞例如great，remarkable也可以用來修飾effect，此詞在這里是名詞。
便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--道歉
便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--道歉
（Apology）
人非圣賢，孰能無過。在社會交往中，人們常常會出現(xiàn)一些疏忽、過失等。如果發(fā)生此類事情，就會給對方帶來麻煩和不便。為了避免誤解，不影響感情，在這種情況下，應(yīng)寫信給對方予以解釋，以請求諒解。
此類信要寫得及時(shí)，態(tài)度要誠懇，用詞需謙遜。一般在信一開始就向?qū)Ψ奖硎厩敢饣騼?nèi)疚，然后說明原因并提出補(bǔ)救的辦法。
例1
Directions: You have missed a date of your friend, now you have to write a letter for appologization in about 100 words.May 20th
Dear Lily，I am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday.I know that you must have been disappointed.I also feel worried and anxious in my heart.The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare a urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p.m.I am terribly sorry.However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday.Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply.×××
* 臨時(shí)有事未能赴約，一定要把事情解釋清楚并真誠的道歉，最好能有彌補(bǔ)（to make up），就像這封信里所說的那樣，邀請對方周末再碰頭（I would like to ask you out this weekend）注意英文句子you must have been disappointed中情態(tài)動詞的用法：情態(tài)動詞+完成時(shí)態(tài)，表示過去行為。這句話應(yīng)該理解為“你當(dāng)時(shí)一定感到很失望”。
例2
Directions: You have received a invitation from your friend, but you have already had some guests in your house.Please express the reason you can’t go clearly in about 100 words.6.April
Dear Lucy，I do appologize for having to send this letter about Saturday night.When I accepted your invitation, I simply forgot that Saturday was a holiday and that my own guests were not leaving until Sunday morning.It is difficult for me to make a choice.Though I also wonder to meet you very much.I could not very well go out by myself and leave the guests at my home.I hope you know how sorry I am not to be with you this Saturday.Should I make a visit to you in my other spare time?
Thank you very much.×××
* 自己家里有客人，自然不方便再接受別人邀請去做客所以可以明正言順的表示拒絕或可另約時(shí)間。英文要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞，可以加上助動詞，例如：
I do apologize for being late.He did come yesterday.例3
Directions: You are already have a date with your friend but suddenly have another thing to do and you have to tell your friend that you can’t go.Express your reason clearly in about 100 words.Monday 9:00 a.m
Dear Jane，I am sorry to tell you that I won’t be able to come this afternoon because I have to go to the airport at 2:00 p.m.to meet an overseas visitor from Australia.I really have kept our datd in my mind all these days, however, I received my boss’ e-mail this morning, he asked me to go to the airport to meet one of his friends from abroad, it’s suddenly and urgent and I must go.Please forgive me.Would you please ring me up to make another time?
Many thanks.×××
* 因有事而不能赴約，只能另約時(shí)間（to make或to fix another time）。寫信人Bluce很可能是英國人，因?yàn)樗选按螂娫挕闭f成to ring somebody up，美國人通常說to call somebody。英國人打電話還可以說 to give somebody a ring，不要錯(cuò)以為別人要送你個(gè)戒指。與別人已經(jīng)定好的約會卻臨時(shí)不能赴約時(shí)，應(yīng)說明原因并誠懇地道歉，以期獲得別人的諒解。
便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--約請
便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--約請
(Invitation)
例
Directions:You have a ticket to the Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is visiting and you want to give it to your friend Alice.Write a note to her and say:
1)the time of the show，2)the place where you will wait for her
You should write about 100 words.Sunday
Dear Alice，Here is a piece of good news for you.The Russian National Ballet Troupe, which is now on a visit in Beijing, will give a performance in the Beijing Grand Theater tomorrow evening.I am sure that you will be happy to watch it.Here I leave you an admission card.The performance will begin at seven o’clock sharp.I will wait for you at the theater entrance.Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming or not.×××
* 約朋友一起去看戲，可是朋友不在家，只好留下票子和一張便條，但又怕朋友來不了，所以在便條最后特地寫上“如果你來不了，告訴我一聲”（Please let me know whether you are prevented from coming）此文的wait for也可以用expect 代替。
便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--請假
便箋(便條)和短信--分類舉例--請假
（Asking for Leave）
例1
Directions:You are about to write a Business Leave Note of about 100 words.Please desc
ribe these information clearly.1)the reason you ask for the leave
2)the time and how long you will leave
Class 4, Grade 3
Aug.22nd
To Department Office
Secretary Li，I’m sorry to apply for ten day’s leave from the Aug.23rd to sept, 3rd instant.As I have to leave with the time is urgent.My father now in the hospital is badly ill.I have to go to see him and take care of him for a few days.You know I’m the only child in my family.Of course I will show you the telegram about my fathers illness which is recieved from my mother to support my application.As concern as the missed lessons during my absence, I promise I will do my best to catch them on after I come back to the campus.Wish for your allowance.Yours respectfully
×××
*本文是一封請假條，一般我們要向上級或老師請假，通常用的是ack for leave這個(gè)短語，請三天假可寫作：ask for three days’ leave;因病請假則是ask for sick leave.leave在這里是名詞用法，文中用的短語是apply for意為“申請”，含有更加鄭重的意味，常用于下級對上級或晚輩對長輩的書面語中，“Only child”意為“獨(dú)生子女”相應(yīng)的，“獨(dú)生女”譯作“only daughter”而“獨(dú)生子”譯作“only son”.As concern as.后面跟名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“涉及到，至于”與Concerning同意，兩者可以互換。
例2
Directions:Your father is seriously ill, and you want to go back home.Write a note to the secretary and it should include.1)the cause for leaving;
2)the days: from 16th to 21 st;
3)Catch on the lesson after returning school.July 5th
Dear Miss Huang，My sister called me last night, and she said that my father is dangerously ill.I beg to apply for seven days’ leave of absence from 16th to 21st instant, in order that I can see my beloved father.I should be much obliged if you would grant me my application.As regards the lessons to be missed during my absence, I will do my best to make up for them as soon as I get back from home.Sincerely yours，×××
*本格式采用The Semi-indented Form（半縮進(jìn)式），以前比較流行，現(xiàn)在人們也繼續(xù)采用。I should be much obliged if you would...是一種客套語，表示“結(jié)果……，我當(dāng)不勝感激。”“補(bǔ)課”的英文是to make up for the lessons。as soon as意思是一……就。
便箋(便條)和短信--概述
便箋(便條)和短信--概述
便條也是書信的一種形式。它的特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)容簡短，主要有臨時(shí)性的詢問、留言、通知、要求等。跟正規(guī)書信相比，便條的語言比較口頭化，比如要通知某事只需這樣開頭：Just a line to tell you that...而無須像正規(guī)書信那樣This is to inform you that...開頭。另外，在便條中常出現(xiàn)省略現(xiàn)象，例如：“key to back door is under mat.”或者“key to back door under mat.”(后門鑰匙在墊子下面)代之以“The key to the back door is under the mat.”。
結(jié)束時(shí)也無需結(jié)尾禮詞，只需寫上寫便條者姓名。如果是關(guān)系比較近的人，則只需寫上姓或名。
便箋(便條)和短信--注意事項(xiàng)
1.詞句簡潔，盡量避免應(yīng)酬語和各種敬詞
2.切忌內(nèi)容空洞、言不達(dá)意。
便條的日期通常寫在右上角。一般只寫上星期幾或者星期幾上午或下午，也可寫上午、下午的具體時(shí)刻。日常應(yīng)用中，寫上幾月幾日的也很普遍。但一般不寫年份，因?yàn)楸銞l的內(nèi)容多半是當(dāng)日或近日內(nèi)要辦的事情。寫便條時(shí)，不得事先準(zhǔn)備，因此無固定格式，大多用手寫。
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--祝福信
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--祝福信
（Letters of Regards）
例
Directions:You are going to send a letter to your friend for the new year.Please write it in about 100 words and do not need to write the address.Dear Mr.Carter，As a new year comes across the corner, it gives us great pleasure to say how much we have appreciated working with you over the past twelve months.It was a good memory for me which I always kept in my mind.Would you be the same with me? Last year was a wonderful year and we both got many benefits and progress from each other.I sincerely hope that our pleasant business relationship will continue for years to come.Our staff here join me in wishing you a very Merry Christmas and a Happy and Prosperous New Year.Yours sincerely，×××
* 生意人在新年來臨之際相互祝愿，主要關(guān)心的當(dāng)然是“繼續(xù)保持業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系”（to continue the pleasant business relationship），并且“在新的一年里生意興隆”（a Happy and Prosperous New Year）。
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--請求信
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--請求信
(Letters of Request)
例
Directions: You are about to write an application for you want to get a rise of your salary.Please express your reasons clearly in about 100 words.September 10, 2002
Dear Manager，I make bold to write this letter to you.One year ago I joined your firm as an apprentice, receiving $ 500 per month during the period of training.Now I became a full-time clerk afterwards for a few days, but my salary has remained the same.As the cost of living is rising, would you consider an increase of my salary? I will not wonder too much but the same as other clerks in our firm.I pledge myself to continue to serve the firm to the best of my ability.Many thanks
Yours faithfully，×××
* make bold to表示冒昧（地做某事）一般請別人幫忙或者要求加薪時(shí)可以這樣用。full-time表示全職，part-time表示兼職。
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--求學(xué)信
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--求學(xué)信
(Letters of Applying for Study Chance)
改革開放以來，出國留學(xué)的熱潮一直有增無減。對于一個(gè)渴望出國深造的人來說，寫封好的求學(xué)信，至關(guān)重要。
總的來說，第一封求學(xué)信不要過長，只需寫明自己的姓名、職業(yè)、學(xué)歷、專業(yè)、入學(xué)時(shí)間以及通訊地址即可。待所申請的學(xué)校復(fù)函后，再按要求寄去所需材料，例如：簡歷、成績單、學(xué)位證明、推薦信、經(jīng)濟(jì)擔(dān)保書、健康證明、外語考試成績等。
例
Directions: If you are a student of Tianjin University and you want to apply to the Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program of the New York University.Write the applying letter like following:
1)Declare all your situations in Tianjin University.2)What do you want to apply for?
You should write about 100 words and don’t need to write address.Dear Mr Smiths，Thank you for your last letter.As your require, I have written a personal statement to give a detailed description of my academic and work experience in Tianjin University.I also wrote my reasons for my applying to your Graduate School for pursuit of the International Business Program.I have two letters of recommendation for me.One of them is from an English Professor, which proves that my English has reached an advanced level.The other is from an economics professor, which certificates that I am good in the field of economics and business management.Both of the letters will be mailed directly to you.My GMAT score is 2160.I haven’t received my TOFEL score yet.But I will send it to you as soon as I know.Best Wishes
Yours sincerely，×××
*申請出國的求學(xué)信應(yīng)包括PS.推薦信和相關(guān)英語考試的成績，諸如TOFEL、GRE以及GMAT等，一般來說GRE和GMAT有一個(gè)即可申請，而TOFEL成績則是去英語國家留學(xué)的必要條件。
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--感謝信
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--感謝信
（Letters of Thankness）
例
Directions:Your friend Jenny gave you a hand when you were in depression because of your mother’s death.Write a letter to express your thankness.1)the reason for the letter
2)What you will do to overcome the sorrow.The address is not necessary and it should be no less than 100 words.Dear Jenny，I do not need to tell you how greatly I appreciate all you have done for me these days and how grateful I am for the comfort and understanding you gave me when I needed them so desperately.No one knows better than you how important my mother meant to me and what an aching void my life has become without her.But I am trying to take your advice and I hope that returning to my work next week will help heal the sorrow
I really do not know what I would have been without you.Thank you again for everything you have done for me!
Affectionately，×××
* 假如你失去親人，你會感到“悲傷”（sorrow或aching void），“迫切需要別人的安慰和理解”（need comfort and understanding desperately）。這封信就是對于別人在此時(shí)此刻所給予的幫助表示由衷的感謝，寫信人說：“要是沒有你，我真不知道該怎么做”（I really do not know what I would have been without you.），請注意英語句子的虛擬語氣。
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--邀請信
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--邀請信
(Letters of Invitation)
例1
Directions:You are planning to ask your friend to join an outing.Express your idea clearly as follows:
1)details about what you are going to do
2)when and where you will go out.You should write no less than 100 words and don’t need to write the address.Dear Li Ying，Haven’t seen you for a long time.How have you been? I am missing you all the time.As the weather is splendid now, Jack、Lucy and I have made a plan to go out to the countryside by bike.Each of us may take food for the picnic, which we will have at the hillside.The countryside must be very lovely, with grass and trees growing flourishingly, flowers full bloom and bright sunshine.We can enjoy the scenery to our hearts’ content, at the same time and take some pictures as a memory.It is possible for us to meet at the bus stop 8 a.m.I am sure we will have a good time.Do come and join us.Yours always，×××
*.邀友交游時(shí)的語言可以比較輕松、簡單而不用太正式，例如一些簡單的問候“How have you been?” 和邀請語句“Do come”
例2
Directions:You want to invite Mr.Wallace to give a speech on “American literature”.Write a letter to him and say.1)the purpose of the invitation.2)the time of the lecture
It should be less than 100 words.You don’t need write the address.Dear Mr.Wallace，We know that you are an expert on literature.As students in English major, we want to know some details about literature.We should be very grateful if you could give a talk on “American Literature” to students of the English Department on Saturday, April 19.If this subject does not suit you, any other similar topic would be welcome as well.We have already had several very interesting talks from distinguished visiors from various countries this semester and we look forward eagerly to the opportunity to benefit from your experience and wisdom.Sincerely yours，×××
* 本文是邀請外國專家做講座的邀請函。信的言辭應(yīng)表示誠意，如“我殷切期盼”（to look forward eagerly to the opportunity），還要表示尊重，如“從您的閱歷和智慧中受益”（to benefit from your experience and wisdom）.例3
Directions: Write an invitation to Mr John Sze, inviting him to be the calligraphy competition judge.The number of the words is no less than 100 words and you don’t need to write the address.Dear Mr Sze，The 20th Taiwan Chinese Calligraphy Competition, organized by the Good Hope Association and Modern Trade Ltd., will accept entries from 3 March to 15 April 2004
As a renowned expert in Chinese calligraphy, you are cordially invited to present as a member of our panel of judges.We would also like to invite you to give away the prizes at the prize presentation ceremony, and to deliver a speech to the audience.Details of the Competition are as follows:
1.Aim:
To help raise the standard of Chinese calligraphy among primary and middle school students, and to arouse their interest in traditional Chinese culture.2.Contestants:
Primary Division:students of Primary 6 or below.Junior Middle School Division: students of 14 to 16.Senior Middle School Division: students of 16 or above
3.Selection procedures:
First-stage selection by respective schools, second-stage selection and final decisions by the Panel of Judges.4.Date of prize presentation ceremony: July 2004(tentative;details to follow)
I would appreciate it if you would give me a reply at your earliest convenience so that the necessary arrangements can be made soon without delay.In case of queries, please do not hesitate to contact me at 24088507 during office hours.Thank you.Yours sincerely.×××
Chairperson
Competition Planning Committee
* Calligraphy Competition 書法比賽，panel of judges.專家裁判，或?qū)＜抑俨媒Mtentative adj.暫定的，in case of queries：如有置疑。
例4
Directions: write a letter to invite your colleagues to participate in a family party.The fol
lows should be included
1)the reasons of invitation
2)time and location of the party
It should be no less than 100 words and don’t need write the address.Fiona:
I will go to a food party at Karen Yius place together with colleagues of the Accounts Department at 4:00 p.m.this Sunday to celebrate the fourteenth anniversary of his marriage.Everybody is expected to bring a dish and a bottle of wine of his or her own.If you feel interested, please join us at the main entrance of Pioneer Plaza at 3:00 p.m.sharp that day, and don’t forget your dish and wine.We do hope you come and are expecting to see you then.With best wishes.Sincerely yours，×××
* 邀請信語言應(yīng)簡明真誠，形式通常有正式和非正式兩種形式。本文是同事之間的邀請，并且參加的是家庭聚會，所以用非正式形式即可。
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--求助信
人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--求助信
(Letters of Asking for Help)
例1
Directions: You want to study further for a Master’s degree and you are preparing for the entrance exam.Since you have difficulty in English, you should write a letter around 100 words to ask for help from your good friend Fang.You do not need to write the address.Dear Fang，I am sorry that I have to ask a favour of you, with the hope that you will be kind to help me.I have been longing to apply for the entrance examination for MA candidates for a long time because I want to pursue advanced studies.Unfortunately I find myself far from the required standard, especially my very poor English.At this moment, the personal friendship leads me to approach you with the request, whether you can manage to give me some constructive guidance.I promise to be a diligent student.If you agree, I will come to your house once a week at a time most convenient to you.Thank you very much for your kind help on many occasions in the past.Your friend，×××
*Thank you very much for your kind help on many occasions in the past.多次承你幫忙，不勝感激！
例2
Directions: Suppose you are a senior majored in physics and plan to study further abroad.Please write a letter of about 100 words to professor Li and ask him to write a reference for you to a U.S.university.You do not need to write the address.Dear professor Li，I am a undergraduate from the Department of physics and I fortunately took a major course on which you lectured.Your lessons impressed me deeply.As a senior, I face the choice between hunting for a job and continuing to study.I prefer to apply for a chance to pursue a Master’s degree abroad.I have taken required English exams and got excellent scores.What’s more, I have finished my personal statement, which is attached to this letter.I’m now writing to ask if you can write a reference for me, which will greatly facilitate my admission into a U.S.university.Best wishes for your health.Your Student，×××
*在請求別人寫推薦信時(shí)應(yīng)寫明自己的目的和打算，并為對方提供相關(guān)信息。
例3
Directions:You plan to apply for admission to Harvard University.You want Mr Black help you with money.Write a letter to him to tell him.1)The reason for your letter.2)The sum of money
3)How you make your living in the U.S.You do not need to write the address.Dear Mr.Black，I have applied for admission to Harvard University.As I have no relatives in the United States and I have no enough money for the tuition.I must find a financial guarantor.You know, in applying for a student visa, an affidavit to support must be submitted from an individual who will assure this opportunity.It plays an important role for my chance to enter the Harvard University.Could you do me a favor to be my financial guarantor.If I really have the chance of coming to the U.S., I will undertake part-time employment to cover all the living expenses.Please write to me soon.Yours sincerely，×××
* 出國留學(xué)需要有人經(jīng)濟(jì)擔(dān)保。如果是到美國留學(xué)，那么你的美國友人要填寫一份擔(dān)保書（affidavit of support），保證你在美國學(xué)習(xí)期間的學(xué)費(fèi)和生活費(fèi)用。
例4
Directions:You are preparing to ask for some help from your teacher,write a letter that:
1)detail what you want he or she do for you.2)express your thanks to your teacher.You do not need to write the address.Dear Ms Wang，I make bold to write this letter to ask you to do me a favour.I have tried to translate several short chinese stories into English for a part-time job.As it is the first time for me to do a translation work, I think there must be many errors and awkward expressions of Chinese English for my lack of experiences.I sincerely hope that you would read over my manuscripts and correct my mistakes and sociolisms.Also could you please give me some other suggestions on my translation work.Thank you for your help with great respect!
Your faithful student，×××
*.請人幫忙除了通常所說的ask for help,也可以用do sb a favour來表達(dá)。表示很誠懇地希望什么時(shí)，可用句型“I sincerely hope that…”
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--推薦信
私人和公務(wù)信函--分類舉例--推薦信
(Letters of Recommendation)
例1
Directions:You are preparing to introduce your student to sb.Write a letter about 100 words and express your opinion clearly.1)what the referee want to obtain
2)the reason you want to introduce him or her.3)the opinion and suggestion of yourself.
第四篇：新聞寫作指導(dǎo)手冊
新 聞 寫 作 指 導(dǎo) 手 冊
湘潭大學(xué)校團(tuán)委宣傳部匯編
2010年9月
目 錄
一、前言?????????????????????3
二、新聞的“廬山真面目”?????????????4
三、新聞的寫作技巧????????????????8
四、新聞實(shí)例解析?????????????????13
五、精彩文章分享?????????????????17
六、實(shí)用網(wǎng)站以及報(bào)刊推薦?????????????21 附：湖南青年在線后臺操作?????????????22
一、前言
在湘潭大學(xué)校團(tuán)委工作期間，新聞上傳工作是一項(xiàng)基本的工作，學(xué)會新聞寫作以及新聞編輯工作，會使自己比同齡人更具有工作能力，能得到更多的工作機(jī)會。多一個(gè)本領(lǐng)，多一些機(jī)會。
湘潭大學(xué)的陳建平教授曾告誡我們，在大學(xué)，需要學(xué)好兩樣?xùn)|西，一是寫作，而是口才。寫作水平體現(xiàn)一個(gè)人的知識積累，價(jià)值觀，口才展現(xiàn)實(shí)力、個(gè)人魅力、思維方式。寫作和口才是自我展現(xiàn)的重要方面，需加強(qiáng)鍛煉。
新聞稿件是一個(gè)非常普遍的寫作題材，雖然它不像散文、小說、詩歌需要多么深厚的文學(xué)功底，但是要想寫一篇令自己和別人都滿意的稿件，也不是一件很容易的事情。
掌握好新聞寫作，并非難事，新聞寫作有基本的寫作模式，有一些較為固定的寫作風(fēng)格，寫作術(shù)語，所以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握好新聞的寫作技巧是可能的。但是，學(xué)寫新聞，除了了解基本的寫作技巧，還需多去看報(bào)刊網(wǎng)站上刊登的新聞，多親自寫，多請教寫作高手指導(dǎo)。只有勇于實(shí)踐，大膽嘗試，深入采訪，勤奮筆耕，不斷提高新聞采訪寫作的技巧，才能寫出更多更好的新聞作品。
請教的時(shí)間，可以貫穿到新聞采訪寫作的全過程。如何培養(yǎng)新聞敏感，尋找新聞線索可以請教；如何擬訂采訪提綱、選好新聞題材、提煉和表現(xiàn)新聞主題可以請教；如何使寫出來的新聞更加符合新聞寫作的要求，更加精彩可以請教。
學(xué)習(xí)的過程中固然艱辛，但是只要用心，用心領(lǐng)悟，用心學(xué)習(xí)，任何事情都可以做得好！
二、新聞的“廬山真面目”
新聞，是指報(bào)紙、電臺、電視臺經(jīng)常使用的記錄社會、傳播信息、反映時(shí)代的一種文體。它的種類很多，這里只介紹使用頻率最高的消息和通訊。
消息，也叫新聞。新聞這一概念有狹義和廣義之分。狹義的單指消息；廣義的指消息、通訊、報(bào)告文學(xué)、特寫、評論等等。消息是用概括的敘述方式，比較簡明扼要的文字，迅速及時(shí)地報(bào)道國內(nèi)外新近發(fā)生的、有價(jià)值的、群眾最關(guān)心的事實(shí)。新聞寫作，實(shí)際上就是客觀地記敘事實(shí)、評述實(shí)事。
（一）新聞的要素是什么？
新聞要素也就是記敘要素，包括人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件發(fā)生的原因、經(jīng)過、結(jié)果。
（二）新聞的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么？
一篇完整的消息有五部分構(gòu)成：標(biāo)題、導(dǎo)語、主體、背景、結(jié)語。標(biāo)題以凝煉的語言，概述全篇的要旨，醒目有力。
導(dǎo)語是消息開頭的第一段或是第一句話，它扼要地提示消息的核心內(nèi)容。主體是消息的主干，它用充足的事實(shí)表現(xiàn)主題，是對導(dǎo)語內(nèi)容的進(jìn)一步闡述和擴(kuò)展。
背景往往是說明事件發(fā)生的原因、條件或環(huán)境的材料，有時(shí)是注釋性的材料。結(jié)語則或是對消息內(nèi)容作一小結(jié)，或是指出所報(bào)道事件的發(fā)展方向。
標(biāo)題、導(dǎo)語、主體是一則新聞不可缺少的三個(gè)部分。一則新聞，往往由這三部分構(gòu)成。
（三）新聞的特點(diǎn)是什么？
新聞的特點(diǎn)是立場、觀點(diǎn)鮮明，內(nèi)容真實(shí)、具體，反映迅速，語言簡明準(zhǔn)確。（四性：真實(shí)性、及時(shí)性、準(zhǔn)確性、客觀性。）
內(nèi)容真實(shí)，事實(shí)準(zhǔn)確。真實(shí)是消息的生命，是力量的所在。事實(shí)是它的本源，也是它令人信服的基礎(chǔ)。真實(shí)，就是事實(shí)真實(shí)，所寫的人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事情發(fā)生發(fā)展的經(jīng)過不能虛構(gòu)。準(zhǔn)確，就是每個(gè)事實(shí)，包括細(xì)節(jié)在內(nèi)都準(zhǔn)確無誤。如果一條消息失真或有差誤，不僅會減低其新聞價(jià)值，失信于民，而且還會損害黨和人民的事業(yè)。
內(nèi)容新鮮，有價(jià)值。新聞貴在新，而且有認(rèn)識意義、啟迪和指導(dǎo)意義。消息只有新，才能引起讀者的注意，先睹為快。新，不僅要把新人物、新事件、新經(jīng)驗(yàn)報(bào)道給讀者。而且要選擇有意義、有價(jià)值，給人以啟迪，有指導(dǎo)性的事物。那種一味追求獵奇的“狗咬人不是新聞，人咬狗才是新聞”的觀點(diǎn)，是我們所不取的。
要迅速及時(shí)，有時(shí)效性。迅速是消息的價(jià)值，消息報(bào)道速度遲緩便會降低消息的價(jià)值，“新聞”變成了“舊聞”。時(shí)效，就是速度要快，內(nèi)容要新。對新人、新事、新情況、新問題，要敏銳地發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡快地了解，迅速及時(shí)地反映。
簡明扼要，篇幅短小。簡短是消息區(qū)別于其他文體的主要標(biāo)志。所謂簡短，就是“三言兩語，記清事實(shí)，寥寥數(shù)筆，顯出精神，概括而不流于抽象，簡短而不陷于疏漏”，用筆要簡潔利落，內(nèi)容集中精煉。
（四）新聞的基本寫法有什么？
以敘述為主，有時(shí)兼有議論、描寫。
（五）消息的種類是什么？
1.動態(tài)消息
動態(tài)消息是迅速而準(zhǔn)確地報(bào)道新近發(fā)生的國際、國內(nèi)重大事件、重要的活動和各項(xiàng)建設(shè)中最新出現(xiàn)的新情況、新動態(tài)、新成就、新問題的一種文體。它是報(bào)紙上使用最多的一類。
重大新聞的簡訊都屬于動態(tài)消息。重大新聞，指事件重大，一意義深遠(yuǎn)，報(bào)道時(shí)在報(bào)紙上占顯著位置的消息。
2.典型消息
典型消息也叫經(jīng)驗(yàn)消息，它是對一些具體部門、單位、行業(yè)的典型經(jīng)驗(yàn)、成功做法集中報(bào)道的一種文體。這種消息是在介紹經(jīng)驗(yàn)、做法之后，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，揭示規(guī)律，以達(dá)到以點(diǎn)帶面，推動工作的目的。如《一切依靠群眾自己的創(chuàng)造——首鋼十年改革的一條基本經(jīng)驗(yàn)》（《人民日報(bào)》）1988年12月26日）。
3.綜合消息
綜合消息是把發(fā)生在不同地點(diǎn)、不同單位、各具特色、性質(zhì)相同的事實(shí)綜合在一起，并體現(xiàn)一個(gè)主題的報(bào)道。它的特點(diǎn)是在綜合、概括事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行分析，提出見解，揭示規(guī)律。如《濫砍樹木南亞三國水災(zāi)仍頻，亡羊補(bǔ)牢印北方幫助員植樹》（《光明日報(bào)》1993年7月25日）。
4.述評消息
又稱“記者述評”、“新聞述評”。是一種兼有消息與評論作用的新聞。它是在陳述事實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，穿插評論或抒發(fā)感慨，從而分析說明所報(bào)道事實(shí)的本質(zhì)和意義。它的特點(diǎn)是邊敘邊評，要求以國家的方針政策為依據(jù)，針對事實(shí)進(jìn)行評說，要觀點(diǎn)正確，評論得當(dāng)。如《分清主流與支流，莫把“開頭”當(dāng)“過頭”》（《遼寧日報(bào)》 1979年5月）。
★校園新聞主要是會議新聞、活動新聞、學(xué)術(shù)動態(tài)、獲獎新聞、校園動態(tài)。1.會議新聞。會議新聞主要是突出會議主題，寫明是哪一位重要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)參與，重要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的講話綱要、會議精神、會議流程，最終的會議結(jié)果等。
2.活動新聞。活動新聞主要是校園活動，寫活動稿主要是簡明扼要介紹活動基本情況以及活動目的，挖掘活動特色之處。并采訪具有代表性人物的相關(guān)言論，最后寫活動的基本結(jié)果，結(jié)果是重要的部分。大部分活動稿都是寫某某活動舉辦成功為標(biāo)題。《我校舉辦“5.25大學(xué)生心理健康日”主題活動》（湘大新聞網(wǎng)，5月27號）；《旅游文化節(jié)導(dǎo)游大賽決賽：解讀神州印象》（湘大新聞網(wǎng)，5月18號）
3.學(xué)術(shù)動態(tài)。主要是相關(guān)課題、項(xiàng)目申報(bào)成功，論文發(fā)表情況等學(xué)術(shù)方面的新聞。如：《我校喜獲一項(xiàng)中德合作研究項(xiàng)目》（湘大新聞網(wǎng)，9月4號）；《材 6 料與光電物理學(xué)院劉紅榮博士的論文在science雜志上發(fā)表》（湘大新聞網(wǎng)，8月31號）
4.獲獎新聞。顧名思義，即通報(bào)獲獎情況。
5.校園動態(tài)。關(guān)于校園的一些新聞動態(tài)。《2010級新生入學(xué)》（湘大新聞網(wǎng)，9月2號）；《學(xué)校部署今年下半年工作》（湘大新聞網(wǎng)，8月31號）
三、新聞的寫作技巧
（一）基本寫作方法
學(xué)寫新聞稿，至少要做到以下幾點(diǎn)：
第一、基本掌握標(biāo)題的制作技巧。
標(biāo)題是很重要的一個(gè)方面，標(biāo)題是文章的眼睛，一篇新聞稿若有一條新穎別致的標(biāo)題，就能象磁石那樣牢牢地吸引編輯和讀者的注意力。標(biāo)題一般要起概括全文的作用，下面所寫的內(nèi)容都是圍繞著標(biāo)題展開的。通常我們寫標(biāo)題可以采用投機(jī)的方法，即用活動的標(biāo)題（一般活動都會用橫幅寫明活動內(nèi)容的）來做新聞稿的標(biāo)題。或者在活動標(biāo)題的基礎(chǔ)上適當(dāng)修改一下就成了新聞標(biāo)題。
消息的標(biāo)題，分眉題（又稱引題、肩題）、正題（又稱主題、母題）和副題（又稱輔題、子題）。有如下幾種情況：
（1）多行標(biāo)題。多行標(biāo)題，一般有三行，即中間一行是正題，是標(biāo)題的核心，用來揭示主題或提示重要事實(shí)；正題上面一行是眉題，用來引出正題，說明事實(shí)，交代背景，烘托氣氛，揭示含義；正題的下面一行是副標(biāo)題，用來補(bǔ)充說明情況或說明正題或依據(jù)。如：
經(jīng)貿(mào)部負(fù)責(zé)人發(fā)表談話（眉題）
希望海峽兩岸實(shí)現(xiàn)直接貿(mào)易（正題）
愿與臺經(jīng)貿(mào)主管部門接觸協(xié)商解決雙方貿(mào)易中問題幅題）
雙行標(biāo)題。其一，出現(xiàn)正題和眉題。如：
真正幸福要靠自己勞動去創(chuàng)造（眉題）
杜蕓蕓將十萬元遺產(chǎn)獻(xiàn)國家（正題）。
其二，出現(xiàn)正題和副題。如：
成都電訊局花錢“買”批評（正題）
在報(bào)上登“公告”歡迎群眾對通訊服務(wù)工作進(jìn)行監(jiān)督（副題）
（2）單行標(biāo)題。單行標(biāo)題只有正題。如：
***接受《朝日新聞》社長采訪 消息的標(biāo)題，力求言簡意明，平易親切，準(zhǔn)確新穎，富有吸引力。采用哪種標(biāo)題，要酌情而定。
第二、學(xué)會寫導(dǎo)語。
導(dǎo)語是消息的開頭，導(dǎo)語是寫一個(gè)新聞事件中最有新聞價(jià)值的部分（新聞價(jià)值通俗來講就是新聞中那些最突出，最新奇，最能吸引受眾的部分），比如一場比賽剛剛結(jié)束，讀者們最想知道的是結(jié)果，或者是某個(gè)冠軍的發(fā)揮情況，就先從這里寫起。國外新聞界有人稱導(dǎo)語是“抓心的手”這就是極言導(dǎo)語吸引作用的。沒有好的導(dǎo)語，就算不上成功的新聞稿。
導(dǎo)語常采用以下幾種寫法：
敘述式。簡明扼要地寫出主要事實(shí)、經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或?qū)θ聦?shí)材料進(jìn)行綜合概括，揭示主要內(nèi)容。如：“全國第一家由個(gè)體戶與港商合資經(jīng)營的企業(yè)——大連光彩實(shí)業(yè)（合資）有限公司，經(jīng)國務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)，1985年4月13日正式開業(yè)。”這是《經(jīng)濟(jì)日報(bào)》1985年4月18日發(fā)的消息導(dǎo)語。
提問式。把消息中要解決的問題或要介紹的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、做法以設(shè)問的形式提出，然后再用事實(shí)作答。如“親愛的讀者，你知道燈心絨可以做夏天穿的裙子嗎？上海絨布廠新生產(chǎn)的許多燈芯絨中，就有這樣新奇的品種”。（新華社1980年7月16日新聞稿）
描寫式。對富有特色的事實(shí)或有意義的一個(gè)側(cè)面，用簡練的筆墨進(jìn)行形象描繪，給讀者以鮮明的印象。如“一盆盆翠綠欲滴的麥冬、松柏、萬年青和盛開的鮮花裝點(diǎn)在人民大會堂的大廳里，全國婦聯(lián)今天下午在這里舉行聯(lián)歡會。中外婦女1500多人歡聚一堂。相互握手問好，親切交談，共同慶祝?三八?婦女勞動節(jié)”。（新華社北京1988年3月8日電）
評論式。是對所報(bào)道的事實(shí)先作出評論性結(jié)論，然后再用具體事實(shí)來闡明。如“今天，新中國頒布的第一部專利法正式生效了。從此，腦力勞動成果被無償占用的歷史在我國宣告結(jié)束”。（新華社北京1985年4月1日電）
引用式。引用消息中人物深刻而富有意義的語言作為導(dǎo)語。如“女青年杜蕓蕓到上海司法機(jī)關(guān)，要求將繼承的十余萬元遺產(chǎn)捐獻(xiàn)給國家，她說：?我還年輕，9 應(yīng)該靠自己的勞動來生活，我愿意將這筆錢來支援國家的四化建設(shè)?”。（《文匯報(bào)》1981年9月29日）
第三、寫好主體。
主體是消息的主要部分。它承接導(dǎo)語，闡述導(dǎo)語所揭示的主題，或回答導(dǎo)語中提出的問題，對消息事實(shí)作具體的敘述與展開。寫主體要注意如下幾點(diǎn)：
主干突出。消息的主體是主干，典型材料要用在主干上。要去頭緒，減枝蔓，與主題無關(guān)的要舍棄，次要材料要簡略。
內(nèi)容充實(shí)。回答導(dǎo)語中提出的問題，其內(nèi)容必須具體、充實(shí)，這樣才有說服力。導(dǎo)語提出什么問題，主體就要回答什么問題，這樣才能緊扣中心，突出重點(diǎn)。
結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明。要恰當(dāng)?shù)貏澐侄温洌袟l不紊地展開敘述，安排層次有以下幾種順序：一是時(shí)間順序，按事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展、結(jié)束的先后順序安排層次；二是邏輯順序，就是根據(jù)事物的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系來安排層次；三是時(shí)間順序和邏輯順序相結(jié)合，這樣寫嚴(yán)密而有條理，活潑而不紊亂。
第四、解釋清楚背景。
背景是指事件發(fā)生的歷史環(huán)境和原因，它說明事件發(fā)生的具體條件、性質(zhì)和意義，是為充實(shí)內(nèi)容，烘托和突出主題服務(wù)的背景既可在主體部分出現(xiàn)，也可在導(dǎo)語或結(jié)尾部分出現(xiàn)，位置不固定。
背景材料一般有三類：一是對比材料，即對事物進(jìn)行前后、正反的比較對照，以突出事件的重要性；二是說明性材料，即介紹政治背景、地理位置、歷史演變、生產(chǎn)面貌、物質(zhì)條件等；三是詮釋性材料，即人物生平的說明，專業(yè)術(shù)語的介紹，歷史典故的解釋等，以幫助讀者理解消息的內(nèi)容。
第五、寫一個(gè)漂亮或意味深長的結(jié)語。
結(jié)語是消息的最后一段或一句話。闡明消息所述事實(shí)的意義，使讀者對消息的理解、感受加深，從中得到更多的啟示。
消息的結(jié)尾方式有小結(jié)式、評論式、希望式等。有的消息，事實(shí)寫完，文章就止住了，結(jié)尾就在事實(shí)之中。
注意：
1.基本熟悉各種新聞體裁的寫法和結(jié)構(gòu)。不熟悉各種新聞體裁的基本寫法，就無法比較得心應(yīng)手地進(jìn)行新聞寫作。而謀篇布局的好壞在一定程度上決定新聞稿件在受眾和編輯眼中的“身價(jià)”。
2.理解和掌握新聞寫作的基本方法——用事實(shí)說話。擺事實(shí)，用事實(shí)說話，這是新聞獨(dú)特魅力所在，也是新聞事業(yè)不可代替的價(jià)值所在。初學(xué)新聞的學(xué)生記者往往用自己的主觀評價(jià)和臆斷代替大量的重要的新聞事實(shí)，使寫出的新聞或空洞無物，或言不及義。
3.凸顯新聞主題。孕育新聞主題，則是提高新聞稿價(jià)值的應(yīng)有之義。新聞主題是一篇報(bào)道的主旨，我們寫任何東西，都要有一個(gè)明確的目的，到底要表現(xiàn)什么、反映什么。若是心中無數(shù)，勢必信筆涂鴉，不知所云。如果要反映記者對生活現(xiàn)象和社會問題的基本態(tài)度和看法，使寫出的新聞報(bào)道吸引人、鼓舞人、引導(dǎo)人、就必須注重提煉新聞主題。清代的袁枚對“主題思想”的問題講的精彩。他把漂亮的句子比做一大堆銅錢，古代的銅錢外圓內(nèi)方，可以用繩子穿起來，一串銅錢叫“一貫”，袁枚認(rèn)為，文章的主題就好比是穿錢的繩子，要是沒有一個(gè)明確的主題思想來統(tǒng)帥你的文字，那你寫的東西就像撒滿一地的銅錢，不能派上用場。
新聞主題是整篇報(bào)道的靈魂，它隱藏于新聞素材之中，一旦我們把它發(fā)掘出來，它就會統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全篇，成為整篇報(bào)道的中心內(nèi)容。我們要站在時(shí)代和社會的高度，堅(jiān)持實(shí)事求是、不落俗套、貼近生活、讀者至上等原則，運(yùn)用追根究底法、對比聯(lián)系法、見微知著法等方法，提煉和深化新聞主題。
（二）寫作角度
要寫好一篇新聞稿，可以注重這樣幾個(gè)角度：
第一、思想角度。有啟發(fā)性的思想常常能夠吸引不少人的注意力，加強(qiáng)思想 上的力度是最重要的新角度。如一個(gè)班級開展的活動，單從范圍來說，算不上大的新聞，但如果從加強(qiáng)某方面學(xué)習(xí)的角度來看，卻又有報(bào)道的價(jià)值。
第二、特色角度。有些節(jié)日的慶祝活動每年都大同小異，但我們?nèi)绻覝?zhǔn)了該年活動的特色內(nèi)容進(jìn)行報(bào)道，就能寫出有價(jià)值的新聞。
第三、讀者角度。要注意研究同全校師生的物質(zhì)生活和精神生活竟緊密相連、普遍關(guān)心的問題，選擇發(fā)生在師生學(xué)習(xí)、生活中的“小事”，以小見大，才能增強(qiáng)新聞的吸引力。作為一個(gè)學(xué)生記者，只要經(jīng)常深入到同學(xué)們的教室、寢室、圖書館、運(yùn)動場，注意觀察他們的學(xué)習(xí)和生活狀況，了解他們的意見和要求，從他們的意見和要求，從他們最關(guān)心、最想知道的內(nèi)容入手，才能寫出有意義的新聞。
第四、時(shí)間和空間角度。有些新聞事實(shí)，在不同的時(shí)期、不同的空間其重要的程度也會發(fā)生一定的變化。有的事實(shí)發(fā)生在去年算不了新聞，但發(fā)生在今年卻要算新聞了；有的事實(shí)發(fā)生在A班算不了新聞而發(fā)生在B班卻又算新聞了；有的事件和話題，在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)迫切需要解決，對實(shí)際工作能起推動作用；有的問題在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)成為師生關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。
四、新聞實(shí)例解析
一、【會議稿】湘潭大學(xué)隆重召開2009共青團(tuán)工作表彰大會
紅網(wǎng)湘潭5月5日訊（通訊員 毛斌）5月4日下午，在五四青年節(jié)來臨之際，湘潭大學(xué)2009共青團(tuán)工作表彰大會在學(xué)生活動中心報(bào)告廳隆重舉行。校黨委書記肖國安、黨委副書記李伯超、副校長戴飛軍、高協(xié)平和校長助理譚援強(qiáng)出席大會，并為五四紅旗團(tuán)委、十佳志愿服務(wù)團(tuán)支部、十佳學(xué)生社團(tuán)、關(guān)心共青團(tuán)工作育才獎、優(yōu)秀專兼職團(tuán)干部等獲獎集體和個(gè)人代表頒獎。
肖國安代表學(xué)校黨委、行政向全校團(tuán)員青年致以節(jié)日的問候，向受到表彰的集體和個(gè)人表示熱烈的祝賀。他指出，偉大的五四精神是廣大團(tuán)員青年取之不盡、受用終生的寶貴財(cái)富，面對新形勢新任務(wù)，如何繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)五四精神，是擺在每一位青年學(xué)生面前的重要人生課題。他希望，全校青年學(xué)生胸懷寬廣，堅(jiān)定信念，做理想遠(yuǎn)大的有志青年；積極思考，勤奮學(xué)習(xí)，做真才實(shí)學(xué)的有用青年；加強(qiáng)修養(yǎng)，錘煉品格，做德才兼?zhèn)涞挠械虑嗄辏挥掠趯?shí)踐，甘于奉獻(xiàn)，做學(xué)以致用的有為青年，倍加珍惜難得的歷史機(jī)遇，倍加珍惜寶貴的青春年華，認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)，積極進(jìn)取，讓偉大的五四精神在全力推進(jìn)研究教學(xué)型高水平大學(xué)進(jìn)程的實(shí)踐中放射出更加奪目的時(shí)代光芒，奮力開創(chuàng)學(xué)校又好又快發(fā)展新局面。
二、【獲獎稿】歐定余獲“2009全國高校輔導(dǎo)員人物”入圍獎近日，教育部公布“2009全國高校輔導(dǎo)員人物”評選結(jié)果，我校商學(xué)院黨委副書記歐定余獲“2009全國高校輔導(dǎo)員人物”入圍獎。
“2009全國高校輔導(dǎo)員人物”評選活動由教育部思想政治工作司指導(dǎo)，全國高校輔導(dǎo)員工作研究會、中國教育報(bào)、中國教育電視臺共同舉辦，從全國近13 10萬名高校輔導(dǎo)員中評選出“2009全國高校輔導(dǎo)員人物”10名、提名獎40名、入圍獎150名。歐定余因創(chuàng)造性地開展大學(xué)生思想政治教育工作、工作業(yè)績突出而獲得“2009全國高校輔導(dǎo)員人物”入圍獎。
三、【活動稿】高雅藝術(shù)進(jìn)校園：中外歌劇及經(jīng)典歌曲唱響湘大 6月29日晚，一場精彩紛呈的中外歌劇及經(jīng)典歌曲音樂會在我校大禮堂激情上演。團(tuán)省委副書記陳雪楚、校黨委副書記李伯超、校紀(jì)委書記寧建民、副校長高協(xié)平、副校級督導(dǎo)員鄭赤建與2000余名師生一起，共享了這場由中國歌劇舞劇院演繹的“高雅藝術(shù)進(jìn)校園”音樂盛宴。
中國歌劇舞劇院黨委副書記兼歌劇團(tuán)團(tuán)長孫毅擔(dān)任音樂會的主持人。一曲歡快的合唱曲目《好日子》拉開此次音樂會的帷幕，詼諧幽默的通俗歌曲《回娘家》詮釋了回娘家的喜悅，唯美的女高音獨(dú)唱《一杯美酒》演繹了女主人公對愛情的渴望，《潔白的蘆花》展現(xiàn)了千里萬里夢相隨的柔情，經(jīng)典紅色歌劇選段《珊瑚頌》和《洪湖水浪打浪》帶領(lǐng)觀眾領(lǐng)略了奮進(jìn)時(shí)代的激情。西部歌王憑《山丹丹花開紅艷艷》以獨(dú)特的原生態(tài)超高音震撼全場，由盲人歌手自創(chuàng)的歌曲《你是我的眼》更是帶給觀眾許多感動，耳熟能詳?shù)膰饨?jīng)典歌舞劇《卡門》、《圖蘭朵》、《茶花女》選段也在舞臺上各顯其精彩。隨著合唱《二十年后再相會》激情高昂的旋律響起，這場經(jīng)典薈萃的音樂會在觀眾的意猶未盡中落下帷幕。
中國歌劇舞劇院是隸屬文化部的國家級劇院，集多種藝術(shù)門類于一身，擁有歌劇團(tuán)、舞劇團(tuán)、民族樂團(tuán)、管弦樂團(tuán)、創(chuàng)作室及一個(gè)完整的舞臺美術(shù)制作部。此次音樂會由教育部、文化部、財(cái)政部主辦，湖南省教育廳和我校承辦。
我校自2006年開展“高雅藝術(shù)進(jìn)校園”系列活動以來，中國話劇院、中央芭蕾舞團(tuán)、中央民族歌舞團(tuán)、荷蘭爵士樂團(tuán)、湖南省交響樂團(tuán)等紛紛登上了我校的舞臺，讓廣大師生領(lǐng)略了高雅藝術(shù)的無窮魅力。
四、【學(xué)術(shù)動態(tài)】材料與光電物理學(xué)院劉紅榮博士的論文在science雜志上發(fā)表
8月27日出版的Science雜志刊登了材料與光電物理學(xué)院教師劉紅榮博士在冷凍電鏡單顆粒技術(shù)領(lǐng)域具有突破性發(fā)現(xiàn)的研究成果：Atomic Structure of Human Adenovirus by Cryo-EM Reveals Interactions Among Protein Networks(Hongrong Liu et al., Science, Vol 329,1038，2010)，同期發(fā)表的還有一篇采用X-ray方法的文章，以及曾獲得諾貝爾獎提名的結(jié)構(gòu)生物學(xué)先驅(qū)、美國科學(xué)院院士、哈弗大學(xué)教授Stephen C.Harrison的評價(jià)。
Stephen C.Harrison教授對劉紅榮博士的工作給予了很高評價(jià)，認(rèn)為他的工作是當(dāng)今冷凍電子顯微學(xué)領(lǐng)域的代表作（The cryo-EM structure is a tour de force of contemporary electron microscopy），同時(shí)指出他的結(jié)構(gòu)明顯比X-ray的結(jié)構(gòu)更好（Indeed, the cryo-EM density map of Liu et al.appears to be substantially clearer and more interpretable than the x-ray density map of Reddy et al）。這篇文章同時(shí)被選為本期的研究亮點(diǎn)（science highlight）。
人類腺病毒能引起呼吸道、消化道及眼睛等諸多嚴(yán)重的疾病，同時(shí)也是當(dāng)前非常熱門的醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域“基因治療”的主要載體，因此受到生物界和醫(yī)學(xué)界的高度重視。劉紅榮博士的研究成果最突出的亮點(diǎn)是用冷凍電鏡單顆粒技術(shù)求解了人類腺病毒的原子分辨的三維結(jié)構(gòu)，這是迄今為止國際上所解出的生物大分子原子結(jié)構(gòu)中最大的一個(gè)，代表了當(dāng)今冷凍電鏡單顆粒技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的最高水平。
劉紅榮是材料與光電物理學(xué)院青年教師，1973年出生，1997年參加工作，2000年在職攻讀凝聚態(tài)物理碩士學(xué)位，2005年在職攻讀凝聚態(tài)物理博士學(xué)位，師從楊奇斌教授。在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下，劉紅榮在冷凍電鏡單顆粒技術(shù)領(lǐng)域開展了系列卓有成效的工作，所提出的新理論和算法得到廣泛應(yīng)用，其攻讀博士學(xué)位期間發(fā)表的論文被Nature、Science、PNAS等國際頂級雜志多次引用。這次被Science刊登的工作涉及到巨大的計(jì)算量，正是得益于其讀博期間提出的新算法和所編計(jì)算程序，才使得研究取得重要進(jìn)展。2009年3月，劉紅榮應(yīng)邀去美國加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校（UCLA）加州納米技術(shù)研究所從事博士后研究。
劉紅榮是繼袁輝球于2003年在Science雜志發(fā)表有關(guān)超導(dǎo)研究的論文之后，以我校為第二完成單位在Science雜志發(fā)表的第二篇高水平論文。袁輝球、劉紅榮均畢業(yè)于我校凝聚態(tài)物理專業(yè)。
我校物理學(xué)科近年來的一系列工作獲得國際頂級學(xué)術(shù)刊物的高度重視。2010年，Nature發(fā)表了我校物理學(xué)科湖南省首批“百人計(jì)劃”學(xué)者李愛根教授在星際塵埃研究方面的綜述文章，Science的一篇綜述文章則重點(diǎn)介紹了唐壁玉教授有關(guān)Mg-Al-Ca-X合金系統(tǒng)的工作；2009年，鐘建新教授指導(dǎo)的在職博士生謝月娥有關(guān)石墨烯條帶電子輸運(yùn)的研究工作被Nature專刊Nature China評選為每周亮點(diǎn)并重點(diǎn)介紹；2008年，Nature發(fā)表意大利科學(xué)家的研究文章，驗(yàn)證了鐘建新教授等提出的量子擴(kuò)散理論；2007年，Nature Nanotechnology的綜述文章將鐘建新教授提出的納米線分區(qū)摻雜工作列為四大進(jìn)展之一并重點(diǎn)介紹。這些成績表明我校物理學(xué)研究已在多個(gè)方面具有國際領(lǐng)先水平。高水平的研究也獲得國內(nèi)同行的重視，我校物理學(xué)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)共獲2010國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目9項(xiàng)。
五、【校園動態(tài)】2010級新生入學(xué)
9月2日，秋風(fēng)送爽，三道拱門前“熱烈歡迎新同學(xué)”的大紅橫幅格外醒目，我校迎來了來自全國31個(gè)省（市、區(qū)）的2010級新生。校黨委書記肖國安、副書記李伯超、副校級督導(dǎo)員鄭赤建等來到迎新現(xiàn)場，看望2010級新生，檢查指導(dǎo)迎新工作。
今年我校共招收本科一批新生4850人、本科二批280人、研究生1733人、專科680人、本科三批（興湘學(xué)院）2335人。新生入學(xué)報(bào)到分兩批進(jìn)行，本科一批新生、能源工程學(xué)院職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院新生和研究生新生于9月2日、3日入校報(bào)到注冊，9月4日舉行開學(xué)典禮；興湘學(xué)院新生將于9月10日、11日入校報(bào)到注冊，9月12日舉行開學(xué)典禮。
五、精彩文章分享
【湘潭大學(xué)2009年“三下鄉(xiāng)”社會實(shí)踐活動紀(jì)實(shí)】
紅網(wǎng)長沙8月27日訊（通訊員 毛斌）下基層、去鄉(xiāng)村、入農(nóng)家，在城市路邊攤，在紅色旅游景區(qū)，在四川地震災(zāi)區(qū)，普法宣傳，課題調(diào)研，看望孤寡老人??7月8日至8月24日，湖南湘潭大學(xué)三百多名下鄉(xiāng)志愿者深入湖南長株潭地區(qū)、岳陽、永州及江西井岡山、四川綿陽等地，以“見證輝煌成就，推進(jìn)科學(xué)發(fā)展”為主題，廣泛開展社會熱點(diǎn)深度調(diào)查、紅色旅游文化調(diào)研、孝行下鄉(xiāng)、資助災(zāi)區(qū)學(xué)子、義務(wù)支教等活動，結(jié)合自身專業(yè)與特長，根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際和需求，扎實(shí)開展暑期社會實(shí)踐活動。
孝行下鄉(xiāng)，把愛送到老人的笑臉上
炎炎七月，在岳陽縣，由全國道德模范、湘大商學(xué)院研究生楊懷保同學(xué)發(fā)起倡議的湖南省青少年發(fā)展基金會·孝基金在這里首次公開亮相，由學(xué)校26名志愿者“孝行下鄉(xiāng)”服務(wù)團(tuán)忙得不亦樂乎，“孝心拍攝全家福”、“孝心派送電話卡”、“孝心洗腳”、“笑臉計(jì)劃”、農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老與隔代教育的社會調(diào)研等等。所到之處，當(dāng)?shù)乩先四樕暇`放著燦爛的笑容，洋溢著幸福的喜悅，紛紛表示：“你們的孝行是我一輩子都不會忘記的！”得知學(xué)校在當(dāng)?shù)亻_展下鄉(xiāng)活動時(shí)，岳陽市委副書記兼岳陽縣委書記彭國甫在縣委辦、縣民政局等部門負(fù)責(zé)人的陪同下親切慰問我校下鄉(xiāng)隊(duì)員，囑咐當(dāng)?shù)刎?fù)責(zé)人要積極為我校下鄉(xiāng)活動創(chuàng)造條件和給與大力支持，言語中處處體現(xiàn)著他對青年學(xué)子的殷切期望。全國政協(xié)原副主席毛致用聞訊后，親切接見了楊懷保同學(xué)一行，高度肯定了孝基金事業(yè)，提出了很多高屋建瓴的指導(dǎo)和建議，對楊懷保這種“小孝為家，大孝為國”的行為高度贊賞，并親筆題詞：明德立業(yè)，養(yǎng)老育人。
老百姓長知識大學(xué)生受教育
“我活這么久，第一次看到博士和大學(xué)生把法律送進(jìn)咱農(nóng)村人的家門口，真難為你們了”。湖南永州珠山鎮(zhèn)一位96歲高齡的老人拉著我校下鄉(xiāng)隊(duì)員的手感激地說，這是湘大法學(xué)院師生一行8人在永州開展“送法下鄉(xiāng)，法律援助”活動 17 的一幕動人場景。半個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，志愿者們走進(jìn)農(nóng)家宣講法律知識，深入監(jiān)獄開展訪談?wù){(diào)研，走街串巷與民眾面對面交流，設(shè)計(jì)問卷調(diào)查了解民情實(shí)意，發(fā)放《法律基礎(chǔ)知識宣傳手冊》，耐心為當(dāng)?shù)乩习傩战獯鹕钪谐Ｒ姺蓡栴}。“農(nóng)民渴望法律知識，渴望法制教育，還需要更多的幫助，他們一句句純樸真誠的'謝謝'讓我們感覺到辛苦是值得的，同時(shí)也深受教育，在以后的學(xué)習(xí)中要更加關(guān)注農(nóng)村，關(guān)注民生。”實(shí)踐隊(duì)員鄭進(jìn)如是說。
追尋紅色記憶，我愛我的祖國
紅火的七月，冒著酷暑，頂著烈日，由湘潭大學(xué)、中國藥科大學(xué)、河海大學(xué)三所高校學(xué)共同主辦的“追逐偉人足跡，發(fā)揚(yáng)紅色精神——慶祝建國60華誕、五四90周年”主題活動在韶山青年毛澤東塑像廣場正式啟動。幾百名青年學(xué)子在喜迎建國60周年之際，瞻仰偉人故居，緬懷革命先烈，追尋紅色記憶，體驗(yàn)了一段非同尋常的“紅色之旅”。7月下旬，旅游管理學(xué)院60多名師生對全國部分紅色旅游經(jīng)典景區(qū)的開發(fā)模式、思想政治教育功能的發(fā)揮等進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究。師生們與湖南省紅色旅游研究基地專家一道，分赴北京、陜西、江蘇、河南、江西、湖南等6省市紅色旅游經(jīng)典景區(qū)，通過走訪、座談、深度訪談、觀察、發(fā)放問卷等方式，深入了解景區(qū)的管理體制、開發(fā)模式、發(fā)展環(huán)境、區(qū)位條件、思想政治教育功能等，撰寫了20余萬字的調(diào)研報(bào)告和學(xué)術(shù)論文。
關(guān)注國計(jì)民生溫暖災(zāi)區(qū)學(xué)子
在省內(nèi)長株潭地區(qū)和省外鄭州、石家莊、重慶等地，該校化工學(xué)院的志愿者深入汽車站、步行街、沿江風(fēng)光帶等人口密集的地方，通過走訪、座談、實(shí)地調(diào)查等多種途徑，與路邊攤攤主、城管執(zhí)法人員以及過往市民等各個(gè)群體零距離接觸、交流，就城市路邊攤存在的原因、城市路邊攤的現(xiàn)狀、城市路邊攤的負(fù)面影響以及如何規(guī)范路邊攤等問題進(jìn)行深入細(xì)致的調(diào)研。在四川綿陽，商學(xué)院組織黨員志愿者開展了主題為“學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué)發(fā)展，重建美好家園，商院學(xué)子在行動”的活動，給當(dāng)?shù)啬仙街袑W(xué)的貧困中學(xué)生帶去了溫暖和鼓勵，并表示將在接下來的三年里，資助他們的學(xué)業(yè)，一直到他們考入大學(xué)。
肩負(fù)著重大責(zé)任與光榮使命，湘大三下鄉(xiāng)隊(duì)員帶著真情實(shí)感，注重思考和細(xì)節(jié)，一絲不茍地開展各項(xiàng)工作，下鄉(xiāng)活動取得了豐碩的成果：回校后許多調(diào)研報(bào)告將新鮮出爐，備戰(zhàn)全國“挑戰(zhàn)杯”競賽，部分成果將直接報(bào)送給全國紅色旅游工作協(xié)調(diào)小組辦公室以及湖南省紅色旅游研究基地提供決策和科研的參考依據(jù)；所到之處，隊(duì)員們以優(yōu)良的作風(fēng)和扎實(shí)的行動贏得了當(dāng)?shù)攸h委政府和老百姓的一致好評與贊揚(yáng)；社會媒體紛紛予以關(guān)注支持，人民日報(bào)、湖南日報(bào)、中國共青團(tuán)網(wǎng)、紅網(wǎng)等多家媒體對此進(jìn)行了廣泛而深入的報(bào)道。湘潭大學(xué)“三下鄉(xiāng)”活動具有優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，連續(xù)十年獲得“全國先進(jìn)集體”稱號，正確引導(dǎo)大學(xué)生在實(shí)踐中受教育，長才干，做貢獻(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生了良好的社會影響和人才培養(yǎng)效益。下鄉(xiāng)隊(duì)員安康表示：“有幸參加學(xué)校組織的三下鄉(xiāng)活動，感觸良多，受益匪淺，這是一次終身難忘的回憶，把所學(xué)所知和所需所能有機(jī)結(jié)合起來，敦促自己在以后的學(xué)習(xí)生活中更加努力，奮發(fā)成才”。
【2010年湖南省高校共青團(tuán)工作聯(lián)席會議在湘潭大學(xué)召開】 紅網(wǎng)長沙7月1日訊（通訊員 毛斌）6月28日至30日，2010年湖南省高校共青團(tuán)工作聯(lián)席會議在湘潭大學(xué)召開，來自全省33所本科院校和10所高職高專院校的校團(tuán)委負(fù)責(zé)人匯聚一堂，共同探討高校團(tuán)學(xué)工作的建設(shè)和發(fā)展。團(tuán)省委副書記陳雪楚、團(tuán)省委學(xué)校部部長廖良輝等領(lǐng)導(dǎo)參加會議。
為期三天的會議里，與會代表圍繞高校共青團(tuán)工作考核評價(jià)體系、大學(xué)生骨干培養(yǎng)工程、“挑戰(zhàn)杯”大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè)計(jì)劃競賽、“三下鄉(xiāng)”社會實(shí)踐活動等專題進(jìn)行了深入細(xì)致的研討。
28日上午，應(yīng)湘潭大學(xué)團(tuán)委的邀請，中共湖南省委黨校教授、省團(tuán)校校長作客湘潭大學(xué)“韶風(fēng)·名家論壇”，作了《如何備戰(zhàn)公開選拔黨政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部》專題講座。
團(tuán)省委副書記陳雪楚在會上作了重要講話，對今年下半年湖南省高校共青團(tuán)重點(diǎn)工作作了部署安排。
【旅游文化節(jié)導(dǎo)游大賽決賽：解讀神州印象】
氣勢宏偉、規(guī)劃整齊的北京故宮，青山綠水、萬像生輝的龍門石窟，山水秀麗、林壑幽深的杭州西湖。5月16日，我校第三屆大學(xué)生旅游文化節(jié)“神州印象”導(dǎo)游大賽決賽在學(xué)生活動中心激烈上演，9名選手深刻解讀祖國的名川河山和文化瑰寶，讓我校師生領(lǐng)略了神州風(fēng)景和文化的無窮魅力。副校級督導(dǎo)員鄭赤建出席大賽并擔(dān)任評委。
大賽在現(xiàn)代舞《Crazy》動感、青春的舞姿中徐徐啟幕。比賽分為現(xiàn)場導(dǎo)游、知識問答、才藝展示等三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。來自各學(xué)院經(jīng)過層層篩選脫穎而出的9名選手，分別對北京故宮、韶山毛澤東故居、龍門石窟、杭州西湖、平遙古城等景點(diǎn)進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場導(dǎo)游，讓在場的師生如同身臨其境，感受和領(lǐng)略到了神州風(fēng)景和文化的無窮魅力。知識問答主要考察選手在導(dǎo)游過程中處理突發(fā)事件的能力以及臨場應(yīng)變能力，在這一環(huán)節(jié)，選手們表現(xiàn)出廣博的知識素養(yǎng)和良好的導(dǎo)游素質(zhì)。在才藝展示環(huán)節(jié)，選手們更是各具特色，各顯神通，既有幽默風(fēng)趣的相聲小品，又有熱辣奔放的舞蹈；既有悠遠(yuǎn)凄婉的古箏獨(dú)奏，又有深情舒緩的詩歌朗誦。
經(jīng)過近三個(gè)小時(shí)的激烈對決，旅游管理學(xué)院3名選手吳一凡、姚珧、許志杰將前三甲收入囊中。旅游管理學(xué)院彭文琴獲得最佳風(fēng)采獎。
賽后，劉建平教授代表評委對此次導(dǎo)游大賽進(jìn)行了精彩點(diǎn)評。劉建平認(rèn)為整場比賽主題鮮明，內(nèi)容豐富，頗具特色。同時(shí)，劉建平指出了選手在比賽中表現(xiàn)出的缺點(diǎn)與不足，并勉勵選手加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)與鍛煉，不斷擴(kuò)充知識，提高綜合素養(yǎng)。
本次比賽是我校第三屆大學(xué)生旅游文化節(jié)的重頭戲。大賽自3月中旬開始，歷時(shí)二個(gè)月。共吸引了來自全校13個(gè)學(xué)院的216名同學(xué)參賽，經(jīng)過預(yù)選賽、初賽、復(fù)賽、半決賽的層層選拔，最終確定了9名選手進(jìn)入最后的決賽。導(dǎo)游大賽的成功舉行標(biāo)志著歷時(shí)近三個(gè)月的旅游文化節(jié)落下了帷幕。
（《湘潭大學(xué)報(bào)》記者 蔣海文）
（來源：黨委宣傳部）
六、實(shí)用網(wǎng)站以及報(bào)刊推薦
（一）網(wǎng)站類：（毛老師推薦）
1.人民網(wǎng) 5.中華人民共和國教育部門戶網(wǎng)站 2.新華網(wǎng) 6.中國共青團(tuán) 3.新浪網(wǎng) 7.湖南青年在線 4.鳳凰網(wǎng) 8.湘大新聞網(wǎng)。
（二）報(bào)刊類 1．《南方周末》
《南方周末》內(nèi)容緊扣中國社會發(fā)展和國際時(shí)局的熱點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，完整、真實(shí)的記錄中國社會邁向未來的脈絡(luò)、趨勢和圖景。
2.《長沙晚報(bào)》
《長沙晚報(bào)》的導(dǎo)語是很不錯(cuò)的。3.《瀟湘晨報(bào)》
除了關(guān)注報(bào)紙，還可以關(guān)注其的品牌推廣方式。4．《三聯(lián)生活周刊》 5.《新周刊》
附：湖南青年在線后臺操作
基本步驟：
1.百度搜“湖南青年在線”，將頁面往下拉，找到“信息上傳”（如圖1）四個(gè)字，點(diǎn)擊。
（圖1）
2.登陸頁面（如圖2）出現(xiàn)后，輸入賬號、密碼以及驗(yàn)證碼。
（圖2）
3.在后臺的左側(cè)，找到“文章新聞管理”（如圖3）并點(diǎn)擊，在下拉的選項(xiàng)中，先點(diǎn)擊“我添加的文章”，查看文章上傳情況，以避免重復(fù)添加文
（圖3）章。
4.點(diǎn)擊添加文章。將編輯好的完整新聞標(biāo)題分別黏貼在“簡短標(biāo)題”、“副標(biāo)題”以及“完整標(biāo)題”三欄中（如圖4），三欄中的標(biāo)題無需改變，全是同樣的完整標(biāo)題。
（圖4）
5.在作者（如圖5）一欄，填寫“湘潭大學(xué)團(tuán)委”，或是“湘潭大學(xué) XX”。其他三欄不用填。
（圖5）
6.將文章黏貼至“文章內(nèi)容”（如圖6）中，注意將文章中的“我校”改為“湘潭大學(xué)”，因?yàn)槭前l(fā)表在湖南青年在線上，很多高校會向其投稿，以我校為標(biāo)題不能點(diǎn)明學(xué)校身份。黏貼文章時(shí)，注意檢查文章的語句是否通順，是否有錯(cuò)別字，是否有外人看來不清楚的地方。
（圖6）
7.最后，直接點(diǎn)擊“添加”（圖7）即可。如需要添加圖片，先把光標(biāo)定位（一般是中間），然后點(diǎn)擊一下形似小山的圖標(biāo)（圖8）即可。
（圖7）（圖8）
第五篇：英語寫作
? Einstein(1879-1955)was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in the year 1921 for his discovery of the law of the Photoelectric effect and his services for theoretical physics.Death: 18 April, 1955 at the age of 76 in Princeton, New Jersey, USA
Key Achievements: Special relativity, General relativity, Photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, Bose-Einstein Statistics.Notable Honors: Nobel Prize in Physics awarded in 1921, The Copley medal in 1925 for his contributions to quantum theory and for his theory of relativity, the Max Planck medal in 1929 for his achievements in Physics.? In 1905 he published the paper on mass-energy equivalence, which gave twentieth century’s most famous equation E=MC2.The equation means that small amounts of mass could be converted into huge amounts of energy.It was the basis of development of nuclear power.? In 1905, he published four research papers, the special theory of relativity, the Brownian motion theory, the photon theory of light, and the equivalence of mass and energy.The basis of special theory of relativity is that the velocity of light was absolute, albeit, all other velocities are relative.? Exactly ten years later in 1915, Einstein published a research paper called “general relativity”.This theory gives the current meaning of gravitation in modern physics.The research paper explained gravity as a property of space-time.The general theory of relativity unifies Newton’s law of gravity and special relativity.The theory produced some of the greatest and strangest results in modern astronomy.? Einstein was half German and half Swiss, but when Hitler came to power in 1933, Einstein made his home in the USA.Einstein’s fame rests on his two theories of relativity(see Relativity).? His theory of special relativity was published in 1905 while he worked in
A.You will make sure
1.that my clothes and laundry are kept in good order;
2.that I will receive my three meals regularly in my room;
3.that my bedroom and study are kept neat, and especially that my desk is left for my use only.B.You will renounce all personal relations with me insofar as they are not completely necessary for social reasons…
He is not a loyal manin all aspects.This is not accurate
He was notoriously unfaithful as a husband, prone to falling in love with somebody else directly after the exchanging of vows.
點(diǎn)擊咨詢 