第一篇：英美概況考試復習要點及練習一（模版）

1.Union Jack—is the name of British national flag.The color blue is the background and its

elementary color.The crosses refer to the unity of this nation by means of religion.2.British Isles, the UK, Great Britain

3.Names for the Country: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.4.Four political divisions:England，Scotland，Northern Ireland ,Wales.5.Thames: the most important river, the second largest

6.Lake District, the “Lake Poets”

7.Ben Nevis is the Highest mountain(1344 m)

8.The longest river in Uk：The Severn River--335km

9.Northern Ireland, Lake Neagh ,the largest lake

10.Topography:

The north and west---highlands.The east and southeast---lowlands

11.Climate:

Main characteristics:

Temperate, mild, with warm summers, cold winters and plenty rainfall

12.Major cities, the capital city

13.Population: the third-largest in the European Union(behind Germany and France)

14.History of the English Language

15.Standard English also called as Queen’s English or BBC English

16.Roman invasion of Britain

17.the Roman contribution

18.The Anglo-Saxons

19.Witan, the Privy Council

20.The Viking and Danish Invasions

21.Alfred the Great

22.The Norman Conquest(1066)

23.Norman Rule

24.Henry II’s reform the courts and the law

25.The Great Charter, The Beginning of Parliament

26.Effect of the Black Death

27.Wars of Roses

28.Elizabeth I

29.Characteristics of The English Renaissance

30.The Civil Wars

31.The Bill of Rights

32.The Chartist Movement

Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully.For each unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given.Choose the one you think best completes the statements or answers the question.1.The United Kingdom is located in ____.A.northern EuropeB.western Europe

C.northwestern EuropeD.southeastern Europe

2.The two large islands that make up the British Isles are ____.A.Scotland and Ireland B.Britain and Scotland C.Great Britain and Northern Ireland D.Great Britain and Ireland

3.The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the

Commonwealth of Nations in ____.A.1921B.1931

C.1945D.1950

4.The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries

____.A.that were once colonies of Britain

B.that have a large number of British immigrants

C.that have close relations with Britain

D.that have fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars

5.The English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from ____.A.DenmarkB.Belgium

C.FranceD.the Netherlands

6.England has three main land regions.They are the Southwestern Plateau,the Pennines, and ___.A.the Eastern PlainB.the Highland

C.the Central LowlandsD.the Southern Uplands 7.Scotland occupies the ____ third of the island of Great Britain in the British Isles.A.southernB.northern

C.easternD.western

8.Northern Ireland, which takes up the northern fifth of Ireland, is a

fourth political division of ____.A.the United KingdomB.Ireland

C.ScotlandD.Wales

9.Britain’s longest rivers are ____.A.the Severn and the ClydeB.the Thames and the Clyde

C.the Clyde and the HumberD.the Severn and the Thames

10.The largest lake in the British Isles is ____.A.Loch LomondB.Loch Neagh

C.WindermereD.Ullswater

11.Britain’s climate is influenced by____, a warm ocean current that passes

the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.A.the North Atlantic DriftB.the Brazil Current

C.the Labrador CurrentD.the Falkland Current

12.The English people and the English language were born from the union

of ____.A.the Angles and the Saxons

B.Germanic conquerors and the Norman French

C.Danes or Vikings and the Norman French

D.Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons 13.Generally speaking the English southerners speak the type of English closer to ____.A.the CockneyB.the Queen’s English

C.the GaelicD.the BBC English

14.Although Wales has been united with England for more than 400 years, the

Welsh has kept alive ____.A.their own languageB.their own literature

C.their own traditionD.All of the above

15.The Eisteddfod is a(n)____ festival of poetry, music and other arts.A.EnglishB.Scottish

C.WelshD.Irish

16.Nowadays the Gaelic language, which is an ancient____, is still heard in

the Highlands and the Western Isles.A.Scottish languageB.English language

C.Irish languageD.Celtic language

17.Many Scottish names begin with M’, Mc or Mac, which means__

A.father ofB.sun of

C.son ofD.some of

18.In Northern Ireland ____ make up the dominant group.A.Roman CatholicsB.English Protestants C.non-religious peopleD.Jewish people 19.Northern Ireland is small, but it is significant because of the__ A.the economic problemsB.the political troubles

C.the immigration issuesD.the national identity

20.About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War ll.They are mainly from the West Indies, India and____.A.IndonesiaB.Singapore

C.Hong KongD.Pakistan

key 1.C2.D3.B4.A5.C6.A7.B8.A9.D10.B 1l.A

12.D13.Dl4.D15.C16.D17.C18.B19.B20.D

1.What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？

2.Why was the Roman influence on Britain so limited?

3.What are the consequences of the Norman Conquest?

4.Why to say “British history has been a history of invasion”? Illustrate this point with

examples.5.How did each of the invasions influence English culture?

Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully.For each

unfinished statement or question four suggested answers marked A, B, C and

D are given.Choose the one you think best completes the statements or

answers the question.1.The first known settlers of Britain were the ____.A.CeltsB.Iberians C.Beaker FolkD.Romans 2.The Celts' religion was ____.A.BuddhismB.Islam

C.DruidismD.Christianity

3.Roman control was only effective in ____.A.ScotlandB.Wales

C.LondonD.The southeast of Britain

4.Christianity was first brought to England by the ____.A.RomansB.Celts

C.Anglo-SaxonsD.Danes

5.The Romans remained in control of Britain for nearly 400 years and theypulled out in ____.A.306 ADB.410 AD

C.446 ADD.1066 AD

6.Which of the following tribes came to Britain first?

A.The Angles.B.The Saxons.C.The Gaels.D.The Jutes.7.____ became the first real king of England, though he did not assume that

style.A.OffaB.Egbert C.VortigernD.Hengist 8.____ became the first Archbishop of Canterbury.A.ColumbaB.Ethelbert

C.St.AugustineD.Egbert

9.The Vikings began to attack various parts of England from the end of the____century.A.7thB.8th

C.9thD.10th

10.Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?

A.The Anglo-Saxons.B.The Normans.C.The Vikings.D.The Romans

11.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Alfred the Great started the English navy.B.Alfred the Great reorganized the Saxon any, making it more

efficient.C.Alfred the Great established schools and formulated a legal System.D.Alfred the Great impose a tax, called the Danegeld, on the Saxons.12.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Canute was chosen by the Witan as king of England.B.Canute was a warrior king and fought many battles against the

Normans.C.Canute divided power between Danes and Saxons.D.Canute forced Malcolm II, king of the Scots, to recognize him as

overlord.13.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Edward the Confessor was more French than English.B.Edward the Confessor filled his court with 'foreign' favorites.C.Edward the Confessor was on very good terms with his father-in-law,Earl Godwin.D.Edward the Confessor appointed a Norman priest Archbishop of

Canterbury.14.When Edward the Confessor died, ____was chosen by the Witan as king OfEngland.A.the king of Norway

B.Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex

C.Edgar, Edward's nephew

D.Tostig, the deposed Earl of Northumbria

15.Tostig, Harold's brother, joined____, and made an attempt to recover hislost earldom of Northumbria.A.Harold Hardrada, King of Norway

B.Edgar, Edward's nephew

C.Malcolm II, King of the Scots

D.Hardicanute

16.William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle ofHastings in____.A.1086B.1066

C.1035D.1381

17.William won the Battle of Hastings.Later, on____, he was crowned king ofEngland.A.Easter DayB.St.Andrew's Day

C.Christmas DayD.Boxing Day

18.William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as____.A.William the ConfessorB.William Lion-Heart

C.the father of the British navyD.William the Conqueror

19.Most of the land belonging to the Saxons was confiscated by William andgiven to____.A.the Norman baronsB.the Danes

C.the IrishD.the Scots

20.The Norman Conquest is perhaps ____event in English history.A.a triflingB.the best-known

C.a horrifyingD.a sensational

1.B2.C3.D4.A5.B6.C7.B8.C9.B l0.A

12.Bl3.Cl4.Bl5.A16.B17.Cl8.D 19.A20.B 11.D

第二篇：美國英美概況練習

美國概況練習

I.Term explanation

1.The War of Independence

(1)After British parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, tensions were again created between colonists and British government.(2)On April 19,1775, the first shot was fired at Lexington and the American War of Independence began.(3)In May 1775, the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.It founded a Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington and declared independence on July4,1776.(4)In 1781, British General Cornwallis surrendered at York Town,Virginia and soon British government asked for peace.(5)The Treaty of Paris, signed in September 1783, recognized the independence of the United States.2.Boston Tea Party

(1)In the years following the French and Indian War, British government enforced several acts which were bitterly opposed by colonists.(2)In order to ease tensions, British government removed all the new taxes except that on tea.(3)In 1773, a group of pariots responded to the tea tax by staging the Boston Tea Party: disguised as Indians, they boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor.(4)British parliament then passed the “Intolerable Acts”, and in response to this the first Continental Congress was held in September1774.3.the First Continental Congress

(1)In response to the “Intolerable Acts”, passed by British parliament, the first Continental Congress met in Philadelphia in September1774.(2)This was a meeting of colonial leaders.They urged Americans to disobey the Intolerable Acts and to boycott British trade.(3)After this, colonists began to organize militias and to collect and store weapons and ammunition.4.The Declaration of Independence

(1)The Declaration of Independence, the first declaration of human rights, was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July 4,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule, approached the problem of American independence from the angle of human rights.(2)Its principal point was to provide a legal basis for independence.It justified the forthcoming Revolution by defining the rights of man and the nature of government in relation to such rights.It declared that all men were equaland they were entitled to have some natural rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.The powers of the governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.(3)The Declaration of Independence was a masterpiece of bourgeois political philosophy.(4)The Declaration of Independence helped the colonists to see that there were times when people had the right to revolt.The new doctrine inspired mass fervor.More and more people came to believe that they were fighting for the just cause.5.American Constitution

(1)The Constitution of the United States, which was adopted in 1787 and came into effect in 1789, is the first comparatively complete written constitution in the world.(2)It is the supreme law in the United States, and is the main expression of the American ideals.(3)It is a short document which embodies laws and principles for the form of the US government.It consists of a preamble, 7 articles and 29 amendments.6.The Bill of Rights(USA)

(1)In 1791, the first ten amendments of American Constitution were made.This is the well-known “Bill of Rights”.(2)It secures a wide variety of freedoms for Americans, including the freedoms of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly and freedom to bear arms, freedom against unreasonable search and seizure and so on.(3)the amendments limit the powers of the national government in regard to the rights and liberties of individuals.7.The New Deal

(1)To deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt rushed through Congress a great number of laws within the historic “Hundred Days”.(2)Some of the famous ones in this New Deal were the WPA(The Work Progress Administration), AAA(The Agricultural Adjustment Act), and the Social Security Act.(3)New Deal program did not end the Depression, but the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention.8.The Great Depression

(1)On October 24, 1929 —“Black Thursday”— a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange.Share and other security prices collapsed.(2)By 1932, thousand of banks and businesses had failed.Industrial production was cut in half.Farm income had fallen b y more than half.Wages had decreased 60 percent.New investment was down 90 percent.As a result, one out of four workers was unemployed.(3)Franklin D.Roosevelt won the 1932 election and carried out the New Deal to improve the economy.(4)Full recovery from the Depression was brought about by the defense buildup prior to America’s entering the WWII.II.Please answer the following questions briefly.1.What are the four crown colonies during America colonization?(Textbook: Page 152.)

2.What are he four causes for the War of Independence in America?(Textbook: Page 158-160)

3.What are he four causes for American Civil War?(Textbook: Page 167-170)

4.What are the three important acts of Roosevelt’s New Deal?(Textbook: Page 187-188)

5.What are the five fundamental features of American political system?(Textbook: Page 209)

6.What are the five fundamental principles for American government established by American Constitution?(Textbook: Page 210)

7.What are the five constitutional roles of American president?(Textbook: Page 213)

8.What are the three important characteristics of American economic system?(Textbook: Page 228)

第三篇：英美概況總復習

名詞解釋：

(1)The Anglo-Saxon（盎格魯）

They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.(2)The Good Friday Agreement（北愛和平協議）

As a result of multi-party negotiations, the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998.This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won’t change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree.Under the terms of the agreement, Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions: that of the Republic of Ireland, that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.(3)The Bill of Rights of 1689（權利法案）

In 1688, king James II’ s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politician and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament.The bill of rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the king would never be able to ignore Parliament.(4)The constitution of Britain（英國的憲法）

Britain has no written constitution.The foundation of the British state are laid out in statute law, which are laws passed by parliament;the common laws, which are laws established through common practice in the courts;and conventions.(5)The function of Parliament（議會的功能）

To pass laws, to vote for taxation, to scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.(6)The house of commons(眾議院)

The house of commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650elected representatives(members of Parliament)make and debate policy.These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.(7)Class system in Britain society（英國社會的等級制度）

The class system does exist in British society.Most of the British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class, though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class.Class division are not simply economic, they are cultural as well.People of different classes may differ in the kind of newspapers they read, in the way they speak and in the kind of education they receive.One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.(8)Privatisation in UK economy（英國經濟私有化）

The British economy went through a particularly bad period in the 1970s, with high rates of inflation and devaluation of the pound.Therefore, in the 1980s, when the conservative party under Margaret Thatcher was in power, an extensive programme of privatization was carried out.Many state-owned businesses(such as steel, telecom, gas, aerospace)were turned into private companies.Privatisation was successful in controlling inflation but at the same time unemployment rate increased rapidly.(9)Elizabethan drama（伊麗莎白一世時的戲劇）

The general flowering of cultural and intellectual life in Europe during the 15th and 16th centuries is known as the renaissance.In British culture, one of the most successful and long-lasting expressions of this development lay in drama.That was the period of the reign of Queen Elizabeth(1558-1603).The first professional theatre in London opened in 1576, and others followed, performing the plays of many notable playwrights, including Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson and William Shakespeare.(10)Romanticism（浪漫主義）

Roughly the first third of the 19th century makes up English literature’s romantic period.Writers of romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with the power of reason.A volume of poems called lyrical ballads written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge is regarded as the romantic poetry’s “Declaration of Independence.” Keats, Byron and Shelley, the three great poets, brought the romantic movement to its height, the spirit of romanticism also occurred in the novel.(11)Modernism（現代主義）

Modernism refers to a form of literature mainly written before WWⅡ.It is characterized by a high degree of experimentation.It can be seen as a reaction against the 19th century forms of realism.Modernist writers express the difficulty they see in understanding and communicating how the world works.Often, modernist writing seems disorganized, hard to understand.It often portrays the action from the viewpoint of a single confused individual, rather than from the viewpoint of an all-knowing impersonal narrator outside the action.One of the most famous English modernist is Virginia Woolf.(12)Declaration of independence（獨立宣言）

The declaration of independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule.The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of government came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above.The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from john locks.(13)Transcendentalists（先驗論者）

In his book nature, Emerson claimed that by studying and responding to nature, individuals could reach a higher spiritual state without formal religion.A circle of intellectuals who were discontented with the New England establishment gathered around Emerson.They accepted Emerson’s theories about spiritual transcendence.They are known as Transcendentalists

(14)The “lost generation”（迷失的一代）

In the aftermath of world war I, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment.Some lived in Europe.They were known as the “lost generation.” Two of the most representative writers of the “lost generation” were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.簡答題：

（1）The Magna Carta and its significance（大憲章及其意義）

（2）Glories of Revolution and its significance（光榮革命及其意義）

（3）Modernism in Britain literature writer, masterpieces, its significance（英國現代主義文學作家的杰作,它的意義）

（4）Puritanism and its significance（清教主義及其意義）

Puritanism

They follow the idea of the French reformer and theologian John Calvin

1.doctrines:

(1)Predestination: God decided everything before things occurred.(2)Original sin and total depravity: human beings were born to evil, and this original sin can be passed down from generation to generation.(3)Limited atonement 贖罪:only the “elect” can be saved.Influence of Puritanism on American Literature

(1)a group of good qualities----hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety(serious and thoughtful)

influenced American literature

(2)it led to the everlasting myth.All literature is based on a myth---Garden of Eden.(3)Symbolism: lots of American writers liked to employ symbolism in their works.To the pious Puritan the physical, phenomenal world is nothing but a symbol of God(typical ways of Puritans who thought that all the simple objects existing in the world connected deep meanings).Symbolism means using symbols in literary works.The symbol means something represents or stands for abstract deep meaning.(4)Simplicity characterizes the Puritan style of writing.With regard to their writing, the

style of fresh, simple and direct;the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible.(5)Fired with a sense of mission.The Puritans looked the worst of life in the face of

tremendous optimism.The optimistic Puritan has exerted a great influence on American Literature.Early American Literature were mainly optimistic because they believed that God sent them to the new continent, to fulfill the sacred task.so they would overcome all the difficulties.They met at last.Gradually Americans found that their dreams would not be successful, so lots of pessimistic literary works were produced.(5)Transcendentalism and its significance（超越論及其意義）

Transcendentalism

Transcendentalism is an American literary, political and philosophical movement of the early nineteenth century, centered on Ralph Waldo Emerson.Keys:

--------the new spirit was neither social nor political, nor industrial, nor economic, nor literary, nor scientific, nor religious.It was all of them at once.It transcended every phase of life.It is a whole new way of thinking.Transcendentalism in its literal meaning is the recognition in man of the capacity of acquiring knowledge transcending the reach of the five senses, of knowing truth intuitively or reaching the divine without the need of an intercessor.It was essence romantic idealism on Puritan soil.In application, American transcendentalism urged a reform in society and that such a reform may be reached if individuals resist customs and social codes, and relu rather on reason to learn what is right.Ultimately, transcendentalism believed that one should transcend society’s code of ethics and rely on personal intuition in order to reach absolute goodness, or absolute truth.Influence:

1.It served as an ethical guide to life for a young nation and brought about the idea that human can be perfected by nature.It stressed religious tolerance, called to throw off shackles of customs and traditions and go forward to the development of a new and distinctly American culture.2.It advocated idealism that was great needed in a rapidly expanded economy where opportunity often became opportunism, and the desire to “get on ” obscured the moral necessity for rising to spiritual height.3.It helped to create the first American renaissance-----one of the most prolific periods in American literature.(6)Norman conquer and its significance（諾曼征服及其意義）

第四篇：現代漢語復習要點及考試題型

現代漢語復習要點及考試題型

一、名詞解釋（20分）

①語義單位 ②語義結構 ③語義分析 ④語法單位 ⑤語法結構

⑥語法手段 ⑦語法范疇 ⑧語法分析 ⑨語用⑩修辭

二、雙項選擇（20分）

⒈ 語詞（）是一個合成詞。①“綠茶” ②“花兒”③“窈窕” ④“迪斯科”

⒉（）中的“言”只是個語素，不個是語詞。①言辭誠懇 ②言行一致 ③學習語言 ④言而有信

⒊ 語句()中，“的”是結構助詞，“跟”是連詞。①我的弟弟跟他是同學。②我會跟他說的。③我跟我的同學都去了。④不跟做官的來往。

⒋（）中的“和”、“給”、“在”都是介詞。①和一年前不同了，現在得給自己選定主修課程了。②水和電都給停了，呆在這里不行。③你得和他一樣，常給工作在鄉村的同學通通信。④你和她是干部，在班上要給同學們做出好榜樣。

⒌語句“網上有人偷菜呀。”是一個（）。①變式句 ②兼語句 ③存現句 ④祈使句

⒍（）是個雙賓句。①通知明天放假。②通知同學們做好準備。③我借給他一本書。④我借了他一本書。⒎（）是個復句。①我知道不但他去了，而且你也去了。②我要去圖書館借書。③既來之則安之。④他一來你就走嗎？

⒏語句“畢業后我準備去鄉村教書。”是個（）。①順承復句 ②主謂謂語句 ③動賓謂語句 ④變式句 ⒐語句“為了孩子我們才進城找教育局再派教師來”是個（）。①目的復句 ②主謂句 ③連謂句④兼語句

⒑語句“一見到他就得請他來。”是個（）。①條件復句 ②順承復句 ③陳述句 ④連謂式單句

三、分析題（20分）

⒈ 用結構層次分析法和句式變換分析法辨析歧義句的不同含義。

① 院子里有許多孩子種的花。

② 他知道這事不要緊。

⒉ 修改病句并說明理由。

① 只要切實做好疫情的防控工作，才能有效地防止甲型H1N1流感傳播蔓延。

② 這個考察小組的同學是由各班北方籍學生組成的。

③ 5號上午媒體就發布了羅京病逝的消息，十分使人們感到傷心。

四、簡述題（20分）

1句式變換分析法辨析歧義句

2.簡要說明語法結構的層次性和遞歸性。

3.簡要說明語言義與言語義的關系。

4.簡要說明修辭與語用的關系。

5.簡要說明并列復句和選擇復句真值意義。

6.簡要說明條件復句的真值意義。

7.舉例說明語氣詞的語法功能和語法特點。

8.舉例說明點號使用的語法根據。

五、問答題（20分）

⒈你怎樣理解語言符號的組合規則與聚合規則的關系？

⒉同印歐屈折語言相比，漢語語法有哪些突出特點？

3.為什么有人說“語義關系是句法最為基本的部分”？

4.你怎樣理解語義、語法和語用三者之間的關系？

第五篇：綜合考試(英1)1999(英美概況、英美文學、現代漢語)

北京第二外國語學院

1999年碩士研究生入學考試試題

考試科目：綜合考試（英美概況部分）

一、填空：（每空1分，共20分）

1．美國本土自大西洋岸到太平洋岸，橫貫北美大陸南部，全部位于溫帶和亞熱帶。美國的地形特點是東西兩側面，中間，沒有走向的山脈。

2．美國擁有眾多的河流，按其流向分為兩大水系——太平洋水系和大西洋水系。太平洋水系的河流主要有、；大西洋水系的河流主要有、。

3．美國現有人口萬人。美國是一個多民族的國家，北美大陸最早的居民是

人，美國人數最多的少數民族是。

4．美國是經濟高度發達的資本主義國家。19世紀60年代初，美國工業革命基本完成。年，美國的工業產值超過農業產值；年，美國工業產值超過英國，躍居世界首位。

5．中美關系經歷了從敵對到全面改善和發展以及1989年以后起伏波折三個階級。在中美關系的發展中，三個公報是指導兩面三刀國關系的原則，這三個公報是、、和。

6．英國議會實際兩院制，由英國貴族組成的稱為；以民選議員組成的是。

7．英國人常說自己的國家是“四個民族族，一個王國”。一個王國就是聯合王國，四個民族就是今天的英格蘭人、人、人和人。

二、名詞解釋（每題4分，共12分）

1．硅谷

2．宅地法

3．英國大憲章

三、問答題（8分）

通過克林頓總統遭到彈劾調查一事看叛國對政府官員的監督體系。

北京第二外國語學院

1999年碩士研究生入學考試試題

考試科目：綜合考試（英美文學部分）

一、填空題（每題0.5分，共5分）

1．哈姆雷特是著名悲劇中的中心人物。

2．《草葉集是十九世紀美國著名民主詩人的詩歌總集。

3．〈競選州長〉的作者是。

4．〈恰爾德·哈洛爾德游記〉是英國著名詩人的重要代表作。

5．查理·狄更斯是十發世紀英國偉大的批判現實主義作家，他創作最繁榮時期的主要作品有、、。

6．〈迷惘的一切〉最杰出的代表作家是。

7．詩歌〈被解放放了普羅迷修斯〉的作者是。

二、簡答題（每題4分，共12分）

1．英國啟蒙文學的主要任務是什么？

2．英國積極浪漫主義文學主要特點是什么？

3．《湯姆叔叔的小屋》是一部什么樣的書？

三、論述題（13分）

1． 談談莎士比亞歷史劇創作的意義？（7分）

2． 長篇小說《馬丁·伊登》的主要內容、主題及主人翁的典型意義。（6分）

北京第二外國語學院

1999年碩士研究生入學考試試題

考試科目：綜合考試（現代漢語部分）

一、將下列語流中的詞切分出來，并按要求歸類（5分）匈牙利的這類詩歌，往往斐然成章，韻律朗朗上口，情感纏綿縹緲，意境幽遠深邃。

1．多音節單純詞：

2．代詞：

3．量詞：

4．副詞：

5．形容詞：

二、按要求分析下列語言單位（12分）

1．用劃線法分析下列單句的句子成分（主語：；謂語：；賓語：定語：（）；狀語：[]；補語：〈〉；外位語：00000；獨立語△△△△）

（1）“書到用時方恨少”這句話，我現在總算有了體會了。

（2）據說這是幾十年前冰川流動時在巖石上擦過的痕跡。

（3）蘇州城里有不少這樣的小街小巷：長長的、瘦瘦的，曲曲又彎彎。

（4）幾千個春天的翠綠，幾百代人們的夢境，無數的神話傳達室說，都濃縮和消溶在這深深的湖里。

2．分析下列多重復句的層次和關系（4分）

連“坐”字的意義，古代和現代也不完全一樣，古代席地而坐，而膝著席，跟跪差不多，所以，〈戰國策〉里說伍子胥“坐行蒲服，乞食于吳市”，坐行就是膝行（蒲服務即匍匐），要是按現在的坐資來理解，又是坐著又是走，那是絕對不可能的。

3．分析下列復雜句組的層次與關系（4分）

大四合院內，第三天大矛盾是言語矛盾，言語：既能敗壞人的名譽，侵犯人的心理空間，也能直接干涉利益，沒有比言語矛盾更復雜的了，一句話能搞臭一個人，一句話能結下一輩子的冤仇，所以人們公開場合使用語言，還是慎重的，畢竟多少年住在一塊兒，遠親不如近鄰，抬頭不見低頭見，可暗地里，嘴就很難封住了，趙錢孫李，說長道短總不會斷的。

三、修辭（12分）

1．指出下列表達中的修辭格的類型（只需指出一種最明顯的）（6分）

（1）東風裊裊泛崇光，香霧空蒙月轉廊。只恐夜深花睡去，故燒高燭照紅妝。（）

（2）少年聽雨歌樓上，紅燭昏羅帳，壯年聽雨客舟中，江闊云低，斷雁叫西風。而今聽雨僧廬下，鬢已星星也。悲歡離合總無情，一任階前，點滴到天明。（）

（3）應憐屐齒印蒼苔，小扣柴靡永不開，滿園春色關不住，一枝紅杏出墻來。（）

（4）煙波不動影沉沉，碧色全無翠色深，應是水仙梳洗處，一螺黛鏡中心（）

（5）昨夜雨疏風驟。濃睡不水殘酒。試問卷簾人，卻道海棠依舊。知否，知否應是綠肥紅瘦（）

（6）長憶觀潮，滿部人爭江上望。來疑滄海盡成空，萬面鼓聲中，弄潮兒上潮頭立，手把紅旗旗不濕。別來幾向夢中看，夢學尚心寒。（）

2．從修辭角度修改下列表達中的錯誤（6分）

（1）漓江四季，景色各異。晨霧中的牧笛，暮色里的竹林，夜晚點點漁火——但最色人心魄的景色當是煙雨漓江了。

（2）她披了件男人的外套，坐在體育教師的席位上，但很快就被人識另，并逮捕了她。

（3）專家們現在相信，仙人掌能用作人的食品。實際上，在智利和墨西哥的超級市上，仙人掌早已像蔬菜一樣出售。專家們主張應大辦宣傳仙人掌的食用價值。最大的困難是克服成見，因為一些巴西人認為，喂牲口的東西不能給人吃。

四、根據所給材料，從文化角度寫一篇議論文（20分）

有一則挖苦中國的人幽默。如果在大街上丟失100元錢，英國人會若無其事，德國人會認真尋找，美國人會喚來警察，日本人總是進行自我反省，中國人則往往想：誰撿了誰拿去買藥吃。

要求：

1、題目自擬；

2、觀點明確；

3、結構完整；

4、語句通順；

5、書寫規范；

6、卷面整潔；

7、字數不少于500字，不多于600字。