第一篇：湖南長沙博物館三國吳簡英文導游詞

The Exhibition of Inscribed Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha Ladies and gentlemen，Welcome to Changsha museum.Well be here to visit “The Exhibition of Inscribed Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha and The Years of Unearthed Most Valuable Cultural Relics”.I hope my explanation can satisfy you!

Now, we are in the first exhibition hall.Here, it adopts panoramic technique, and restores the site of unearthing Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom.In 1996, during July to November, in the southeast of Wu Yi square, team up with ping He Tang Department.The exhumations were carried on by Changsha relics work teams.They unearth 61 archaic wells during the

Warring States period and the Ming and Qing Dynasty, and found out 3000 kinds of relics, like copper, iron bamboo, wood, ceramics, and so on.To people’s astonishment, in the No.22 archaic well, they found lots of bamboo tablets and wooden

slips.After confirming, they are the relics of Sun Wu in Three kingdoms 1700 years ago.These patches of relics would replenish the lacked historical materials of three kingdoms exactly.Our country once had four discoveries: The oracle bone inscription of Yin, bamboo tablets and wooden slips of Tunxu in northwest China, Cultural books of Dunhuang stone room, Files of Qing cabinet.Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha can be mentioned in the same breath with the four discoveries, and become the searching subject of international academia.Everybody!please look at the cross section reconstruction of the NO.22 archaic well.Its upper part of opening was damaged when it was excavating.This is an irregular circular shape vertical shaft;the bottom has a bag form likely.The opening of the well has a length 3.5 m from south to north, 3.1 m from east to west, and 5.6 m in depth.The opening is covered with pure red brown color clay, 1.5 m deeper of which is the bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer.The bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer is 50 cm thick in center and 20 cm thin on all sides, piled up with slope form.The ropes tied the bamboo tablets and wooden slips have become rotten, but we can see they were buried by bundles at that time.There are more than 10,000 pieces of bamboo tablets and wooden slips by the initial statistics.The second layer is the gray brown clay layer of 3.1 m thick, among them mix up

with lots of bamboo wood scrapes, grass scrapes, leaves, fragmentary bricks, pottery and porcelain and so on.At the bottom of the well is another small well, which has square wooden frame.The four corners are nailed by a stick of spile inlayed with two wooden boards as the well wall.The circle of the well is 93 cm long, 58 cm tall.The function of this small well is probably for gathering the groundwater from all sides of the well, andthen put forward to pour out with water pitcher and other tools in order to maintain the well space dry.This is the living photo taken by the time of excavating.Analyzing the structure and relics of the well NO.22, it is an ancient well for storing food.The climate of Changsha is so hot, wet and rainy that the food is easy to be rot, but the circumstance under the ground of 10 m depth is just like as a modern refrigerator.The archaeological discoveries approved that people had used this storing method from the time of Shang dynasty.You may ask that, why were the bamboo tablets of Wu Kingdom buried in the well? There are two statements.The first one considered that in the period of Three Kingdoms, there were so many wars, the suddenly burst-out war made people bury them here in a hurry.The other considered that to bury them in the well may be a way of dealing with the records in the past.Now please look at the photo.This is the photo of unearthing the No.22 well.We can see that the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the mud.Why can they be kept intact for over 1700 years? One of the important reasons is that the ground water level in Changsha was very high, and the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the water.Besides, they were buried deeply;they can be sealed up wall.With these, they can be kept intact for over 1700 years.Next, let’s visit the second exhibition room.In this room we can get the detailed introduction of the bamboo tablets and wooden slips.Before we visit, I have a question to ask.Do you know whether the words on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were written or carved on them? With the question, let’s look at the photo of the pottery figurine.This pottery figurine was unearthed in a Western Jin tomb in Jinpenling in Changsha in 1950s.On the left of the photo there is a man handing a wooden slip and reading something, the man on the right who were holding a hair pencil in a hand and a wooden slip in the other was writing something.The pottery figurine shows us the condition of ancients writing on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips.Now, we can say, the word on the bamboo tablets and slips were written on them.Did you guess it?

To see another set of photos.This is a hair pencil unearthed from one of the tombs of the Warring State at Zuojiagong Mountain of Changsha in 1954.Its shaft is long and small but easy to be broken.On the side of it there is a bamboo pipe used for containing the pen when it is collected and preserved.This is an ink stone with little ink blocks near it.Here also remains a bronze chopping knife which is used for the calligrapher to make inscribed bamboo and wooden slips and correct writing mistakes.This is a set of photos of calligraphy tools discovered in No.168 Tomb in Jinan city of former capital of Chu State.In addition to this, there are 6 pieces of wooden slips without character.This is also the most complete and most typical set of Han Dynasty’s stationery ever seen up to now.Uniting our ancient people calculates the number of the inscribed bamboo tablets and wooden slips are not “slice”, but “jin”.It is recorded in history that the 1st emperor of Qin Dynasty did not have a rest until he finished reading over 120 jin of memorial to throne and inscribed bamboo and wooden slips.please notice the following brief tablet about information of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips unearthed from all parts of the nation from this century.Among this, the column in red character is the number of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips excavated from Changsha this time.The number this time has exceeded the total amount of that unearthed from all parts of the nation these years.Therefore, it is named as “the surprising wonder of the world”and “one of the most important archaeological discoveries of this century.”

It is well known that document history in the Three Kingdom period handed down is very rare.”The Annals of Three Kingdom”by Chenshou in Xijin has 65 volumes, among which there are 30 volumes of Wei Book, 15 volumes of Shu Book, 20 volumes of Wu Book with total of more than 1 million characters.Over the years, the unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets in nationwide archaeology is also rarely seen and only exist tens of pieces in Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei.But nowadays in Changsha, the total number of the excavation of the inscribed bamboo from Wu State in Three Kingdom period reaches 10 thousand pieces for just one time and the total wordage reaches more than 3 million if counted with 20 words in each piece.These character materials greatly surpass the total wordage in that of the “Annals of Three Kingdom”, which offers abundant material for the study of social economy, political system, inscribed bamboo and volume system, history and geography and also fill the vacancy of historic works.We can forecast that the discovery of inscribed bamboo slips from Wu State in Changsha will surely influence many aspects of the Chinese historic study and anew examining and verifying the past final conclusion.Well, let us have a look at this map.Though the series archaeological excavation around the “Wuyi square ”by our archaeological workers, we have preliminarily defined the region of the ancient Changsha.It extends northward to “Lao Zhaobi ”, southward to “pozi Street”, eastward to “Cai’e Road”and westward to “Shanghe Street”which shaped rectangle.And the center of Changsha is today’s “Wuyi Square, which, we can say, hasn’t changed basically nearly 3000years.The unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets for this time, if according to their shape, they can be distributed to big and small inscribed bamboo slips, wooden tablets and so on;if according to their use, they can be distributed to five kinds:

The first kind is document.It can be subdivided into two parts.One is the land rent document with 0.5m long, 2.5cm wide and 100 to 200 Chinese characters on.The other is the official document which recorded the distribution and exchanging of money, crops, and goods among different governmental setups.please look at this smaller slice.It is a classified label.It shows us a monthly report recorded by two officials named Huang Wei and pan lv in the first year of Jia He period.Second, about judicature, which recorded some detail contents and economic cases, such as the trying, appealing and reexamining? What’s on this wooden tablet is an individual case about a Du You.Du You is a kind of government official.He was sentenced to death for his corruptness of salt, but he was not convinced and appealed to a high court.However, the reexamining did not make the judge change.So he had nothing to do but accept.The third kind is directory, somewhat like the household and registered books today.Let’s look at this slice.Here the Chinese character “Rong Li”was a name of some place in Changsha.This whole sentence means there is a man named He Qin, 55 years old, lived in Rong Li.His dukedom is Gong Cheng.And here “Suan Yi” means can be counted as one of a taxpayer;“ Xing Liang Zu” refers to whose legs had been cut off.The directory served as a registered permanent resident, which put down people’s name, age, position and something we can’t find in our registered permanent resident---physical condition.The fourth one is calling card.It mainly referred to paying respect, giving gift and administrative affairs, as visiting cards we use today.The last kind is the wooden tablet on account which recorded the managing account of departments belongs to Changsha government.please look at these historical relics again.This blue and green porcelain in the Three Kingdoms and Tow Jin Dynasties were discovered in ZouMalou ancient well.Look, their glazed colors is sparking and crystal-clear, the decorate are simple and element.The second among them is called “Chichen-Head potting”, the potting is coronal form, guides the neck and proceeded high, and the modeling of it is very beautiful.These potting were very popular in Jin Dynasty.They were used as pitcher and chalice.Everybody has seen many photos, has listened to so much explanation, now we come to see the original of the bamboo slips, wooden tablets or slips for writing.Now, you see in the pyramid shape exhibition cupboard, it is a bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips original that explored in Zoumalou in the ancient well of the building this time.The bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are the material that the ancient remains of our country come down to write.Among them the narrow and long bamboo, the wood chips are called “Jian”, the generous wood chips called “Du”.You must distinguish one from the other, not wood make are named “Du”, what bamboo make named “Jian”.Jian has the wooden one, too.Ok, the right side of I there set some inscribed wooden tablets, the middle are heavy inscribed wooden slips.In the left, they are bamboo slips that pressed under the transparent glass.The characters on the bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are simple and clear.It’s easily can be distinguished.The script is the transition from Lishu to Regular script.These kinds of inscribed wooden slips and inscribed wooden tablets are made in shirt woods.The quality of these trees is pre-pressing.It is intact to keep.The raw materials of inscribed bamboo slips is bamboo whose quality is loose, apt and crooked and out of shape, so it in displaying and need press when exhibiting.The ancients have several procedures to make the bamboo slips.First, they cut the bamboo into bamboo slips, and then burnished them in order to make them smooth, these smooth slips called “Jian”.But people could not write on the wet bamboo slips.Then, they roasted dry the wet bamboo slips.While roasting, there was some water steaming out.The water looked like sweet, so people called those “Sweet Qing”or “Sha Qing”.The “Guo Ling Ding Yang”of Wen Tianxiang said that “Since ancient times, who has no death? Remaining sincere heart to finish ‘Sweet Qing’.Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha has very strong historical value, article value and scientific value, so the provincial leaders, city leaders and related experts decided to set up an exhibition of bamboo tablets and wooden slips.

第二篇：湖南長沙博物館三國吳簡導游詞

the exhibition of inscribed bamboo tablets of wu kingdom of the three kingdoms at changsha ladies and gentlemen, 長沙世界之窗: 瀏陽河大橋東 湖南第一師范: 書院路妙高峰下 劉少奇故居: 寧鄉花明樓鎮

長沙海底世界: 瀏陽河大橋東 岳麓公園: 河西岳麓山南郊公園: 新開鋪79號

雷鋒紀念館:望城縣雷鋒鎮烈士公園: 東風路1號 石燕湖旅游風景區:長沙縣跳馬鄉

賈誼故居: 太平街19號開福寺:福寺路櫻花溫泉:機場大道距黃花機場1.5公里處

長沙世界之窗 長沙世界之窗文化旅游景區位于長沙市東北郊瀏陽河畔，占地40萬平方米，投資3億

元人民幣，是迄今為止湖南省最大的文化旅游項目之一，也是湖南省重要的精神文明建設基地。

長沙世界之窗由湖南廣播電視發展中心，香港中旅集團，深圳華僑城實業發展股份有限公司共同投資興

建。

長沙世界之窗將世界奇觀、歷史遺跡，古今名勝以及世界居民、民俗風情、世界歌舞藝術表演匯集于一

園，再現了一個美妙的世界！它是一座以人類文明史為主線，高層次、高享受、高品味的大花園；一座集世界風情精粹、形象逼真的全國一流的影視拍攝基地。它休現了自然與人文并重，歷史、現實與幻想共存的精神，是集愉悅性、趣味性、刺激性與深刻的文化內涵完美結合的經典之作，同時也是我們奉獻給每一位游客精心制作的精神文化產品。

長沙世界之窗在各景區的設計上，可謂是獨出心裁而又各具魅力。歡樂谷歡愉狂烈，愛情谷甜蜜溫馨、神秘谷神秘莫測、諧趣園幽默風趣、兒童樂園誘發童心、國際街熱鬧繁華．．．．．．無處不引人入勝，無處不流連忘返。

長沙世界之窗的室內環境，民居陳飾、民俗風情、體育競技、中外民間雜耍、歌舞、馴獸表演以定點表

演、流動表演、廣場巡游等多種表演形式在游人面前。高科技的動感電影、水幕電影、激光音樂噴泉、探險漂流河和即將推出的三環過山車、太空滑車、蕩龍船、卡丁車等游樂項目，更使您流連忘返。

長沙世界之窗匯五洲奇景，容四海風情。地址：長沙市瀏陽河大橋東 乘車線路：

電話：（0731）4256731、4256737136路 火車站－袁家嶺－世界之窗

郵編：410003 132路 新民路－湘江二橋－世界之窗

海底世界的嬉水樂園，給您一個娛樂、休閑、健身的勝地。這里有驚心動魄的高臺水滑梯；駕筏擎浪的

漂流河；輕舟蕩浪的環流河；洶涌澎湃的海浪地；椰林白沙灘；難攀登的奇峰；競技展美的大游泳池；童話般的兒童戲水池；迷宮；摸魚池。這里是兒童歡樂的天堂；青少年表現勇敢的刺激世界；中老年人健身休閑的最佳去處。園內還設有玩魚街、美食廣場；商場及兒童嬉沙池等，是都市人開闊眼界、休閑度假的文化旅游勝地。

地址：長沙市瀏陽河大橋東 乘車路線：

電話：（0731）4256005、4256002136路 火車站－袁家嶺－海底世界

傳真：（0731）4122526 郵編：410003 132路 新民路－湘江二橋－海底世界

名人故里――韶山 韶山，一代偉人毛澤東同志的故鄉，距長沙104公里。韶山憑借獨特的政治優勢，現已開發成為一個新興的旅游城市。主要景區有毛澤東同志故居，主席曾在這里度過了17個春秋，故居內陳列著主席當年用過的物品。1993年中央電視臺經念主席誕辰一百周年文藝晚會“人間正道是滄桑”正是在這里舉行；滴水洞，1996年主席最后一次回到韶山，于6月17日－6月28日在滴水洞一號樓住了十一天，他在給江青一封信中謂這為“西方的一個山洞”。滴水洞景區地形為一峽谷，風景秀麗，山青水秀，北為虎歇坪，南為龍頭山，一股清泉自山頂瀉流而下，的確讓人感漢風水不凡；銅像廣場，為紀念主席百年誕辰而建，銅像高10.1米，重3.7噸，取自主席在開國大典上的形象，底座上有江澤民同志的親筆題詞。

烈士公園 該園建于1950年。園中央的烈士紀念塔高聳挺拔，雄偉壯觀；塔內奠堂莊嚴肅穆，四周蒼蓊翠柏，郁郁蔥蔥。園內建有各種樓臺亭閣、湖園、水榭。湖南民俗村匯集我省土家族、苗族、侗族、瑤族、白族等少數民族的村寨景點，建筑精湛，景色迷人，風景奇特。

賈誼故居為湖南省省級文物保護單位，位于長沙市解放西路與太平街口交匯處。公元前177年至公元前174年，西漢著名政論家、思想家和文學家賈誼就住在這里，時任長沙王太傅。

地址：長沙市太平街19號 電話：（0731）2272799 愛晚亭 系清代建古亭，正面額懸朱色鎏金“愛晚亭”匾，系1952年毛澤東同志題。是岳麓山有名的景觀區，也是重要的革命紀念地。毛澤東、蔡和森等年輕時代常來此進行革命活動。愛晚亭在海內外均負有盛譽。被譽為全國四大名亭之一。

岳麓書院是我國四大書院之首，又名千年學府，座落于岳麓山下，書院中軸線上依次為前門、赫曦臺、大門、二門、講堂和御書樓，北有半學齋、文廟、湘水校經堂、船山祠，南側有學習齋、百泉軒、麓山寺碑亭等。書院建筑多為清代遺跡。

長沙黑麋峰森林公園 長沙黑麋峰森林公園位于望城縣橋驛鎮，距長沙市區僅19公里，以洞陽古剎而聞名，是長沙佛教四大名山之一，道家列入“三十六洞天福地”之中。公園方圓近41平方公里，風景秀美，氣候宜人，是集旅游、避暑、療養于一體和休閑旅游勝地。

旅游熱線電話：8430038 訂房熱線：8430068 長沙三國吳簡暨歷年出土文物精品展1996年出土的長沙三國吳簡，被譽為“世紀性”考古新發現。本展覽被評為全國97年全國十大文物精品展。

火宮殿又名“乾元宮”，始建于清乾隆12年（公元1747年）距今已有250余年，是長沙乃至湖南的集民俗、宗教、飲食文化于一體的具有代表性的大眾場所，火宮殿的風味小吃享譽三湘，毛澤東等偉人都曾到此品嘗。

家 潤 多 超 市 有 限 公 司

家潤多朝陽店（營業面積22000平方米）已于2000年9月28日開業，位于阿波羅商業廣場一樓車站店（營業面積6000平方米）于2000年12月開業。

家潤多80％貨品從生產廠家直接進貨，并且每隔15天推出多種dm特價商品，真正低價。家潤多擁有最先進的面包、熟食、水產、冷凍冷藏設備，有如工廠，絕對新鮮。家潤多擁有20000多種商品，并且有休閑、銀行等配套設施，讓顧客一次來采足，盡興消費。

公司站在戰略發展高度，確立了五年內在全國部分地區設立15家分店，年營業額超50億元的戰略規劃。朝陽店地址：長沙市人民路九號 車站店地址：長沙火車站阿波羅商業廣場一樓

熱線電話：0731－4157408 傳真：0731－4157406 招商熱線：0731－4137448 4138448（轉）

開福寺

開福寺位于長沙城北新河鳳嘴，離湘江二橋不遠，鄰近紫鳳公園，占地面積約1．6萬平米，建筑面積6300多米。殿宇巍峨，規模壯觀，是我國佛教重點寺院之一，佛教禪宗之臨濟宗楊岐派著名寺院。歷時已千余載。

五代時國時期，楚王馬殷建楚國小朝廷，建都長沙。馬氏父子沉湎于聲色，其子馬希范更是窮奢極侈，大興土木，于城四區興建宮院園林，城北則建會春園以為避暑地，建各種堂、殿、亭、池，疏浚碧湖，堆筑紫微山。馬希范篤信佛教，乃于后唐天成二年（927），將會春園嘉宴的一部分施舍給沙門保寧，始建開福寺，一時寺院興旺，住僧千余人。宋微宗時，潭州地方官席震，請著名禪師開福道寧主持，成為開福寺的中興祖師。他的臨濟宗楊岐派禪法五傳至日本人宋求法僧人法燈覺心（又稱心地覺心）。覺心歸國后，收門徒15人，后來都成為名僧，使臨濟宗禪法在日本廣為傳承，影響深遠。

北宋末年，開福寺規模日漸擴大，寺內外成為風景區。有紫微山、碧浪湖、風嘴洲、木魚嶺、祓禊亭、嘉宴堂、回步橋、龍泉井、放生池、鴛鴦井、舍得塔、千僧鍋、舍茶亭、清泰橋、白蓮池、會春園等16景，現在有遺跡尚存。

現在的開福寺，臨馬路有山門，為五間七柱三門之牌樓式山門，雕塑精美。清嘉慶十一年（1806），書法家韓葑為山門書聯：“紫微棲鳳，碧浪潛龍。”光緒十七年（1891），江南福山鎮總兵陳海鵬題“古開福寺”橫額，一并泐石，門前有石象，石獅各一對，頗具特色。進山門至三圣殿前。為放生池，原碧浪湖之一角，一泓清池，碧波漣漪，池邊垂柳絲絲。在中軸線上，佛殿三進，前為彌勒殿（三圣殿），面闊三間，進深三間，花崗石柱，木架單檐歇山頂，黃琉璃瓦，匾書“功德山高”。中進大雄寶殿，面闊進深俱三間，周回廊，石柱木架，單檐歇山頂，黃間綠琉璃瓦，翼角起翹，飾以龍鳳，作凌空飛舞狀。后為毗盧殿，為三開間硬山大殿，除明間兩金柱用木外，俱為磚砌空斗墻，辟以拱門為廊，東西廂房為客堂、齋堂、摩尼所、方丈、藏經樓、禪堂、念佛堂等。

開福寺頗多佳聯，廣為傳誦者是：“齋魚敲落碧湖月，覺、覺、覺、先覺后覺、無非覺覺；清鐘撞破麓峰云，空、空、空、空，色空相空，總是空空。”

天心閣

在長沙舊城東南隅，現今的城南路和天心路交會處，有一段呈弧形的舊城墻。到了這兒，抬頭一望，便見雄偉的明代城垣上面，高客凌云，巖曉百尺。這就是作為長沙這座歷史文化名城標志之一的天心閣。

現在的天心閣，重建于1983年，1984年12月落成，城垣高32米，閣高17.5，地勢海拔60米，高出市區30余米，居高臨下，俯瞰萬家。主閣三層，兩翼各有兩層副閣，間以長廊，呈弧狀布局，左右映帶，如鳥張翼，渾然一體。黃瓦飛檐，翼角高翹，32副閣角懸掛著鐵馬銅鈴，風搖鈴響，悠揚清越。主閣前后臺基均為花崗石欄桿，獅子望柱，各具神態，欄板雕以楚漢兵馬戰車，純樸古拙。主閣東南向額“天心閣”，集清著名書法家黃自元字；西北向額“楚天一覽”，為當代著名書法家舒同所寫。閣西北前留有廣庭，供人游憩攝影，庭之東西筑以拉弓山墻及腰門，兩座腰門一方嵌“雄鎮”、“壯觀”，一方嵌“居高明”、“遠眺望”。主閣下面的明代城垣、雉堞、炮洞都加以修葺，顯示出古城嵯峨，閣樓高聳的壯觀。登臨遠望，有“舉頭紅日近，極目楚天舒”（閣聯，趙家寰集句）之氣派。清詩人李紹雋《秋日登天心閣遠眺》云：“城南聳高閣，直與丹霄薄。插頂上天門，捫著星半落。我今一登臨，極目真寥廓。物色卷橫空，煙霞飛漠漠。湘水作帶環，麓屏為扃鑰。遠浦送帆來，晴嵐凝翠幔。雁字寫長天，漁叟沿江泊。塔峰指顧間，萬戶倚樓腳。舉目白云低，風動響鈴鐸。勝跡昭古今，縱筆搖山岳。”今日登臨，當有同感，只是時代不同了，眼前展現的是新長沙雄偉壯觀的四化宏圖。

在主閣和城垣下的廣庭中間，聳立著《太平軍魂》群雕，高約6米，基座占地54平方米，選用四川優質“將軍紅”花崗巖制成，以太平軍西王蕭朝率軍攻打長沙城的史實為題材，生動地再現太平軍將士在天心閣下頑強攻城的情景。蕭王颯爽英姿，戰馬昂首奮蹄，戰士勇武有力。整個群雕展示了一曲農民革命的悲壯頌歌。天心閣、明城垣及其附近2.5公頃范圍現辟為天心公園，鬧市高處，鑿池蓄水，堆土成山，亭臺樓榭，布置有序，花木蔥蘢，芳草如茵，晨則可觀云間日出，夕則可賞萬家燈火,游人如強，人皆贊美。

天心閣創建年代約在清康、乾年間，原來不叫天心閣，而叫天星閣，樓址在今鳳凰臺的城垣上。它只是一卒東西向的單檐小閣，興建的目的是“所以察災”，“凡省中（指長沙市區）回祿（火災）聞鐘聲叩報，到處咸知”，起一個火警樓的作用，所以它有一副這科的六聯：“四面云山都入眼，萬家煙火總關心。”現在天心閣的閣址上，原來是乾隆十一年巡撫楊錫紱新建的城南書院的文昌閣，當時亦為單檐小閣，規模略大于當時的天星閣，建閣的目的是“以倡文運”，求“文冶之祥也”。到了清乾隆四十二年，李汪度寫《重修天心閣記》中說：“后乃額天心于文昌而省其一焉。”“省其一”是省了當時的天星閣，大概是天星閣已毀，不必再重修，而文昌閣易名天心閣，想是因書院乃儒學之林，“為孔孟傳道，為天地立心”之幫。咸豐二年，太平軍攻長沙，天心閣受創頗重。咸豐八年，大修城垣，加強防御。城垣擴大后，上建兩閣，一前一后，前者為天心閣，后者為文昌閣，兩閣并存。辛亥革命后，1914年長沙拆城墻，曹典球力主將天心閣及其一段城垣保留下來，1924年辟為公園，1938年文夕大火，閣樓全部焚毀，后蓋一簡易茶室，至1984年才徹底改觀，“護文昌閣以為廣庭，建兩副閣以為襯托”，更加雄偉壯麗。

天心閣重建落成，許多名家為閣樓撰聯書匾，增光不少。有葉圣陶書、曾光炎集句的“天高地迥，心曠神怡”；有夏承燾書，蕭長邁、陶晉圭集句：“瀟湘古閣，秦漢名城”；有曹瑛書、潘基句：“高閣出重霄，攬衡岳、撫湘流，縱幾度滄桑，卷雨飛云終如人愿；古城多勝跡，綴珠璣添錦繡，系萬家憂樂，鞠躬俯首毋愧天心”；有陶峙岳撰書的“蕭王碧血，彭總英風，長留在三湘勝境；岳麓晴嵐，天心朗月，好裝點四化宏圖”；有李銳撰書的“身在最高層，一鑒萬家憂樂；心中無限事，常思百代興亡”；異彩紛呈，意義深遠。

岳麓山

岳麓山是長沙著名名勝區，是最佳游覽勝地，自然景觀、人文景觀兼備，舊志上也說“誠一郡之大觀也”。它位于長沙的湘江西岸，過了湘江一橋，就到了岳麓山風景區。它現在的景觀中心離城市中心的五一廣場也不過5公里，交通方便，可朝發夕返，既有臨近城市之便，又有深山幽野之趣，進得山里，頓掃城市囂擾，有超塵脫俗之感，如此景觀，實為國內諸大城市所少有。

岳麓山又稱麓山，或名靈麓。六朝時的《南岳記》說：“南岳周圍八百里，回雁為首，岳麓為足。”“麓”，就是山足的意思。“岳麓”，就是南岳衡山之足，列為南岳72峰之尾。其實，就地質學而言，岳麓山與南岳毫不相干，屬于長瀏盆地西緣丘陵一部分。岳麓山范圍約為31平方公里。現在游覽的景觀中心約8平方公里，南北長約4公里，東西寬約1．5－2．9公里。中部高峻，南北漸低；東坡平緩，西坡陡峻，海拔200米左右，最高峰為禹碑峰海拔300米左右。過云人們贊美岳麓山“高明廣大，具岳之體”，就是因為它的周圍有群山簇擁，諸峰對峙，山雖不高，卻氣勢磅礴，有南岳之氣魄，似南岳之縮影。天馬、鳳凰、玉屏諸山橫秀于前；桃花、綠峨諸嶺襯托于后；南列金牛、金盆，北陳云母、主峰，正如唐朝詩人劉禹錫描述的“群峰朝拱如駿奔”。山中古木參天，植被蓋地，層巒疊翠，長嶺含黛，形成長沙市的天然屏障，加之湘江北去，碧波粼粼，山光水色，相映成趣，所以又說岳麓山“碧障屏開，秀如琢玉”。山中景色，因時而異，變化萬千。“乍晴則巖壑分明，欲雨則煙云郁”，四季各具的特色：春天，杜鵑紅遍；夏天，濃蔭匝地；秋天，層林盡染，冬天，喬木常青。如有瑞雪，則瓊瑤滿地，琉璃滿枝，亭臺樓閣，銀裝素裹；如登山夜眺，則萬家燈火，影落湘江，群星燦爛，交相輝映。“岳麓之勝，甲于湘楚”，這一點也不夸張。

岳麓山不僅風景優美，而且遍地名勝古跡，留下古往今來諸多名人足跡。經過歷代經營辟劃，道觀佛寺、精舍廬庵、碑碣石刻，裝點名山，大有可觀。及至近代，“青山有幸埋忠骨”許多烈士長眠于此，引人景仰。

1957年，岳麓山正式辟為公園，精心經營管理，一方面修復名勝，一方面規劃開辟新景觀，擴大游覽容量。游客登山，有一條線路是從湘江一橋橋西步行約1公里，即可達岳麓公園北大門，此處有登山纜車直達尖峰，再步行數百米，到達長沙電視臺的電視發射塔，可登塔一覽麓山全景和城市遠景，再沿山而下。目前，大多數的游客仍走另一條線路，即從城中乘車到湖南大學東方紅廣場，進岳麓公園大門，很快即可到達岳麓山景觀中心，沿山而上，登至絕頂，再乘纜車下山。

現在，讓我們從湖南大學東方紅廣場開始登山，前方有許多景觀在等待我們：

愛晚亭

愛晚亭建在青楓峽小山阜上，面對青楓峽口。現在的亭為1952年重建，把原來單檐青瓦攢尖方亭，改為重檐琉璃碧瓦，金柱圓木朱漆藻井，四角檐柱為花崗石方柱。毛澤東應當時湖南大學校長李達之請，為亭題額，花崗石柱上仍刻羅典題亭聯：“山徑晚經舒，夭桃新種得；峽云深翠滴，一雙馴鶴待籠來。”

愛晚亭，為清乾隆五十七年（1792年）岳麓山院山長羅典建，原名紅葉亭，后湖廣總督結沅以杜牧《山

行》詩“停車坐愛楓林晚，霜葉紅于二月花”的意境，改為愛晚亭,使亭名更富詩意。這一改竟改出一段故事：說江南才子袁枚（隨園）到了長沙，游了紅葉亭，想拜見岳麓山院長羅典，而羅黃嫌其“少有德行”，拒之門外。袁枚臨行抄錄了杜牧的《山行》詩，故意將第三句寫成“停車坐楓林”，托人送給羅典。羅典一看，袁枚竟少寫了“愛晚”兩字，思之再三，連說“慚愧、慚愧”，立即摘了紅葉亭的匾額，掛上“愛晚亭”的匾額。這個故事純屬杜撰，只是表達了人們對于畢沅所改亭額的欣賞，竟有人以訛，當起真來。

原來愛晚亭中置《二南詩刻》。宣統三年（1911年）程頌萬以羅典調鶴的逸事，書“放鶴”二字，又錄張南軒（張）《青楓峽詩》及錢南園（錢澧）《九日岳麓詩》并刻于石。石呈方形，文刻四周。張 的《青楓峽詩》：“扶疏古木矗危梯，開始如今幾攝提？還有石橋容客坐，仰看蘭若與云齊。風生陰壑方鳴籟，日烈塵寰正望霓。從此上山君努力，瘦藤今日得同攜。”錢澧的《九日岳麓詩》：“雨歇江平政亦閑，相尋故事一登山。紅萸黃菊有深味，碧澗丹崖俱凈顏。北海碑看落照里，南軒座接清風間。歸歟且住窮幽興，細數林鴉幾隊還。”現《二南詩刻》移存在愛晚亭西北側之青楓亭內。

愛晚亭一帶還留下了老一輩無產階級革命家的足跡。林伯渠1906年曾游愛晚亭，寫下一首詩：“到處楓林壓酒痕，十分景色賽天蓀。千山遍灑杜鵑血，一縷難招帝子魂。欲把神州回錦繡，頻將淚洗乾坤。蘭成亦有關河感，愁看江南老樹村。”解放后，他又重游愛晚亭，寫道：“重來不是舊山村，耳目一新愛晚亭。”青年時代的毛澤東在一師求學時，常和摯友蔡和森、張昆弟在愛晚亭讀書研討，“指點江山，激揚文字”，而且有時在山中露宿，進行風浴、雨浴，鍛煉身體。1954年，他們的同學、老新民學會會員周世釗曾寫《踏莎行．秋日游愛晚亭》，贊他們：“身在山中，心憂天下，憑欄熟計連朝夜。菜根為飯草作鞋，要將歷史從頭寫。”

烈 士 墓 群

青山埋忠骨，松楓伴忠魂。岳麓山上，安息著許多辛亥革命前后以來為國捐軀的湘藉烈士，除黃興、蔡鍔墓外，都比較集中在愛晚亭以上，半山亭、麓山寺以北，黃興墓以下。

蔡鍔墓．蔡鍔墓廬 蔡鍔墓在麓山寺和白鶴泉的后上方，在黃興墓的正下方，占地面積1620平方米，為岳麓山大型墓葬之一。墓地圍有石墻，四周廣種松柏，莊嚴肅穆，令人起敬。墓為圓形石墓，上豎方碑，通高9.1，碑的東向嵌有紫銅鐫刻的碑文：“蔡公松坡上墓”。墓塔四周砌石欄，嵌有漢白玉石或青石欄板，鐫刻有當時湖南、湖北、江西、貴州、廣西、廣東、熱河、察哈爾等省省長兼督軍所獻銘文。

蔡鍔（1882－1916）原名 寅，字松波，湖南邵陽人，13歲中秀才，15歲入時務學堂，深得梁啟超器重，得梁教益甚多，積極參加南學會活動。1898年被選拔赴日學，因戊戌政變未能成行，后以梁啟超薦入東京大同學校，習政治和商務。1900年，唐才常組織自力軍，發動反清起義，蔡鍔輟學回國相助。起義失敗，唐才常罹難，蔡鍔寫下“前后譚唐殉公義，國民終古哭瀏陽。湖湘人杰銷沉未，敢諭吾輩尚足匡”的詩句，再次渡日深造，決心習軍事以推翻帝制，并改名鍔，以示投筆從戎之志，乃進成城學校、陸軍士官學校習陸軍。1904年學成回國，在江西、湖南任教練處幫辦、教官。1905年登岳麓山，寫下“蒼蒼云樹直參天，萬水千山拜眼前。環顧中原誰是主，從容騎馬上峰巔”的詩句。1905年夏，任廣西協統，后至云南。辛亥武昌起義，蔡鍔立即響應，領導云南“重九起義”，被推為云南軍政府都督。袁世凱竊國，調蔡至京委以高民，拉攏腐蝕。蔡不為所誘，逃出京都回云南，組織“護國軍”，通電獨立，發動討袁，為粉碎袁氏“洪憲”皇帝迷夢作出了卓越貢獻。蔡鍔久患喉疾，轉戰中不及治療，乃至惡化，1916年11月8日病逝于日本福岡，年僅34歲。蔡鍔靈柩于1917年元旦運回長沙，4月12日國葬于岳麓山。

蔡鍔墓廬在白鶴泉、麓山寺側，為一三合院，陳列蔡鍔生平事跡，有孫中山先生挽聯：“平生慷慨班都護，萬里間關馬伏波。”

黃興墓 黃興墓們于岳麓山云麓峰北側小月亮坪，沿云麓宮后東側支路北行可直達墓前半圓坪，亦可由蔡鍔墓上山。黃興墓為岳麓山上最大的墓葬，占在面積1913.6平方米，在蔡鍔墓正上方，地勢高亢，視野開闊，雄風獨占。由墓前的半圓坪登200余石級可達墓區，墓區四周以石柱、鐵欄圍護。墓上建有方形墓塔、墓碑，墓碑以整塊花崗巖琢成四棱形，通高11米，昂然矗立，似利劍一柄直插云天，象征黃公的偉大。墓碑東向鑲嵌紫銅墓碑，鐫刻“黃公克強之墓”碑文。登岳麓山者無不到此瞻仰。

黃興墓廬 黃興墓右下0.5公里處有黃興墓廬,為一曲尺形琉璃瓦樓房,依山臨池,有圍墻大門。門聯：“血染黃花，魂歸岳麓；名垂青史，首建中華”。墓廬設陳列室，門聯曰：“一代勛名昭國史，千秋浩氣壯名山。”廳內陳列黃興生平事跡，墓廬陳列室側有茶館，可供游人休憩。

第三篇：湖南長沙博物館三國吳簡導游詞

The Exhibition of Inscribed Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha

Ladies and gentlemen,Welcome to Changsha museum.We’ll be here to visit “The Exhibition of Inscribed Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha and The Years of Unearthed Most Valuable Cultural Relics”.I hope my explanation can satisfy you!

Now, we are in the first exhibition hall.Here, it adopts panoramic technique, and restores the site of unearthing Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom.In 1996, during July to November, in the southeast of Wu Yi square, team up with ping He Tang Department.The exhumations were carried on by Changsha relics work teams.They unearth 61 archaic wells during the Warring States period and the Ming and Qing Dynasty, and found out 3000 kinds of relics, like copper, iron bamboo, wood, ceramics, and so on.To people’s astonishment, in the No.22 archaic well, they found lots of bamboo tablets and wooden slips.After confirming, they are the relics of Sun Wu in Three kingdoms 1700 years ago.These patches of relics would replenish the lacked historical materials of three kingdoms exactly.Our country once had four discoveries: The oracle bone inscription of Yin, bamboo tablets and wooden slips of Tunxu in northwest China, Cultural books of Dunhuang stone room, Files of Qing cabinet.Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha can be mentioned in the same breath with the four discoveries, and become the searching subject of international academia.Everybody!please look at the cross section reconstruction of the NO.22 archaic well.Its upper part of opening was damaged when it was excavating.This is an irregular circular shape vertical shaft;the bottom has a bag form likely.The opening of the well has a length 3.5 m from south to north, 3.1 m from east to west, and 5.6 m in depth.The opening is covered with pure red brown color clay, 1.5 m deeper of which is the bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer.The bamboo tablets and wooden slips layer is 50 cm thick in center and 20 cm thin on all sides, piled up with slope form.The ropes tied the bamboo tablets and wooden slips have become rotten, but we can see they were buried by bundles at that time.There are more than 10,000 pieces of bamboo tablets and wooden slips by the initial statistics.The second layer is the gray brown clay layer of 3.1 m thick, among them mix up with lots of bamboo wood scrapes, grass scrapes, leaves, fragmentary bricks, pottery and porcelain and so on.At the bottom of the well is another small well, which has square wooden frame.The four corners are nailed by a stick of spile inlayed with two wooden boards as the well wall.The circle of the well is 93 cm long, 58 cm tall.The function of this small well is probably for gathering the groundwater from all sides of the well, and then put forward to pour out with water pitcher and other tools in order to maintain the well space dry.This is the living photo taken by the time of excavating.Analyzing the structure and relics of the well NO.22, it is an ancient well for storing food.The climate of Changsha is so hot, wet and rainy that the food is easy to be rot, but the circumstance under the ground of 10 m depth is just like as a modern refrigerator.The archaeological discoveries approved that people had used this storing method from the time of Shang dynasty.You may ask that, why were the bamboo tablets of Wu Kingdom buried in the well? There are two statements.The first one considered that in the period of Three Kingdoms, there were so many wars, the suddenly burst-out war made people bury them here in a hurry.The other considered that to bury them in the well may be a way of dealing with the records in the past.Now please look at the photo.This is the photo of unearthing the No.22 well.We can see that the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the mud.Why can they be kept intact for over 1700 years? One of the important reasons is that the ground water level in Changsha was very high, and the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were soaked in the water.Besides, they were buried deeply;they can be sealed up wall.With these, they can be kept intact for over 1700 years.Next, let's visit the second exhibition room.In this room we can get the detailed introduction of the bamboo tablets and wooden slips.Before we visit, I have a question to ask.Do you know whether the words on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips were written or carved on them? With the question, let's look at the photo of the pottery figurine.This pottery figurine was unearthed in a Western Jin tomb in Jinpenling in Changsha in 1950s.On the left of the photo there is a man handing a wooden slip and reading something, the man on the right who were holding a hair pencil in a hand and a wooden slip in the other was writing something.The pottery figurine shows us the condition of ancients writing on the bamboo tablets and wooden slips.Now, we can say, the word on the bamboo tablets and slips were written on them.Did you guess it?

To see another set of photos.This is a hair pencil unearthed from one of the tombs of the Warring State at Zuojiagong Mountain of Changsha in 1954.Its shaft is long and small but easy to be broken.On the side of it there is a bamboo pipe used for containing the pen when it is collected and preserved.This is an ink stone with little ink blocks near it.Here also remains a bronze chopping knife which is used for the calligrapher to make inscribed bamboo and wooden slips and correct writing mistakes.This is a set of photos of calligraphy tools discovered in No.168 Tomb in Jinan city of former capital of Chu State.In addition to this, there are 6 pieces of wooden slips without character.This is also the most complete and most typical set of Han Dynasty’s stationery ever seen up to now.Uniting our ancient people calculates the number of the inscribed bamboo tablets and wooden slips are not “slice”, but “jin”.It is recorded in history that the 1st emperor of Qin Dynasty did not have a rest until he finished reading over 120 jin of memorial to throne and inscribed bamboo and wooden slips.please notice the following brief tablet about information of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips unearthed from all parts of the nation from this century.Among this, the column in red character is the number of the inscribed bamboo and wooden slips excavated from Changsha this time.The number this time has exceeded the total amount of that unearthed from all parts of the nation these years.Therefore, it is named as “the surprising wonder of the world”and “one of the most important archaeological discoveries of this century.”

It is well known that document history in the Three Kingdom period handed down is very rare.”The Annals of Three Kingdom”by Chenshou in Xijin has 65 volumes, among which there are 30 volumes of Wei Book, 15 volumes of Shu Book, 20 volumes of Wu Book with total of more than 1 million characters.Over the years, the unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets in nationwide archaeology is also rarely seen and only exist tens of pieces in Anhui, Jiangxi and Hubei.But nowadays in Changsha, the total number of the excavation of the inscribed bamboo from Wu State in Three Kingdom period reaches 10 thousand pieces for just one time and the total wordage reaches more than 3 million if counted with 20 words in each piece.These character materials greatly surpass the total wordage in that of the “Annals of Three Kingdom”, which offers abundant material for the study of social economy, political system, inscribed bamboo and volume system, history and geography and also fill the vacancy of historic works.We can forecast that the discovery of inscribed bamboo slips from Wu State in Changsha will surely influence many aspects of the Chinese historic study and anew examining and verifying the past final conclusion.Well, let us have a look at this map.Though the series archaeological excavation around the “Wuyi square ”by our archaeological workers, we have preliminarily defined the region of the ancient Changsha.It extends northward to “Lao Zhaobi ”, southward to “pozi Street”, eastward to “Cai’e Road”and westward to “Shanghe Street”which shaped rectangle.And the center of Changsha is today’s “Wuyi Square, which, we can say, hasn’t changed basically nearly 3000years.The unearthed inscribed bamboo slips and wooden tablets for this time, if according to their shape, they can be distributed to big and small inscribed bamboo slips, wooden tablets and so on;if according to their use, they can be distributed to five kinds:

The first kind is document.It can be subdivided into two parts.One is the land rent document with 0.5m long, 2.5cm wide and 100 to 200 Chinese characters on.The other is the official document which recorded the distribution and exchanging of money, crops, and goods among different governmental setups.please look at this smaller slice.It is a classified label.It shows us a monthly report recorded by two officials named Huang Wei and pan lv in the first year of Jia He period.Second, about judicature, which recorded some detail contents and economic cases, such as the trying, appealing and reexamining? What's on this wooden tablet is an individual case about a Du You.Du You is a kind of government official.He was sentenced to death for his corruptness of salt, but he was not convinced and appealed to a high court.However, the reexamining did not make the judge change.So he had nothing to do but accept.The third kind is directory, somewhat like the household and registered books today.Let's look at this slice.Here the Chinese character “Rong Li”was a name of some place in Changsha.This whole sentence means there is a man named He Qin, 55 years old, lived in Rong Li.His dukedom is Gong Cheng.And here “Suan Yi” means can be counted as one of a taxpayer;“ Xing Liang Zu” refers to whose legs had been cut off.The directory served as a registered permanent resident, which put down people's name, age, position and something we can't find in our registered permanent resident---physical condition.The fourth one is calling card.It mainly referred to paying respect, giving gift and administrative affairs, as visiting cards we use today.The last kind is the wooden tablet on account which recorded the managing account of departments belongs to Changsha government.please look at these historical relics again.This blue and green porcelain in the Three Kingdoms and Tow Jin Dynasties were discovered in ZouMalou ancient well.Look, their glazed colors is sparking and crystal-clear, the decorate are simple and element.The second among them is called “Chichen-Head potting”, the potting is coronal form, guides the neck and proceeded high, and the modeling of it is very beautiful.These potting were very popular in Jin Dynasty.They were used as pitcher and chalice.Everybody has seen many photos, has listened to so much explanation, now we come to see the original of the bamboo slips, wooden tablets or slips for writing.Now, you see in the pyramid shape exhibition cupboard, it is a bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips original that explored in Zoumalou in the ancient well of the building this time.The bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are the material that the ancient remains of our country come down to write.Among them the narrow and long bamboo, the wood chips are called “Jian”, the generous wood chips called “Du”.You must distinguish one from the other, not wood make are named “Du”, what bamboo make named “Jian”.Jian has the wooden one, too.Ok, the right side of I there set some inscribed wooden tablets, the middle are heavy inscribed wooden slips.In the left, they are bamboo slips that pressed under the transparent glass.The characters on the bamboo slips and wooden tablets or slips are simple and clear.It's easily can be distinguished.The script is the transition from Lishu to Regular script.These kinds of inscribed wooden slips and inscribed wooden tablets are made in shirt woods.The quality of these trees is pre-pressing.It is intact to keep.The raw materials of inscribed bamboo slips is bamboo whose quality is loose, apt and crooked and out of shape, so it in displaying and need press when exhibiting.The ancients have several procedures to make the bamboo slips.First, they cut the bamboo into bamboo slips, and then burnished them in order to make them smooth, these smooth slips called “Jian”.But people could not write on the wet bamboo slips.Then, they roasted dry the wet bamboo slips.While roasting, there was some water steaming out.The water looked like sweet, so people called those “Sweet Qing”or “Sha Qing”.The “Guo Ling Ding Yang”of Wen Tianxiang said that “Since ancient times, who has no death? Remaining sincere heart to finish ‘Sweet Qing’.Bamboo Tablets of Wu Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms at Changsha has very strong historical value, article value and scientific value, so the provincial leaders, city leaders and related experts decided to set up an exhibition of bamboo tablets and wooden slips.

第四篇：長沙博物館導游詞

湖南省博物館

各位游客：

大家好!歡迎來到湖南省博物館。我們將在這里參觀馬王堆漢墓出土的三千余件珍貴文物和一具保存完整的漢代女尸。它們都是中華民族的歷史瑰寶，對于研究西漢初期的政治、經濟、文化、軍事和科學等都具有重大的價值，被學者譽為“世界奇觀，中華偉績”。

馬王堆漢墓位于長沙市東郊。原來這里有兩個土冢，相傳是五代，就是公元907?960年時楚王馬殷的墓地，所以名叫“馬王堆”。1972年初到1974年初，我國文物考古工作者相繼對它們進行了科學發掘，發現地下有一、二、三號三座墓葬。根據二號墓中出土的“長沙丞相”、“軟侯之印”(均為龜紐銅印)和“利蒼”(玉印)三顆印章，證明這里是漢初諸侯長沙國的丞相??軟侯利蒼及其家族的墓地。據記載，利蒼死于呂后二年，即公元前186年；三號墓墓主是利蒼的兒子，死于公元前168年；一號墓墓主是利蒼的妻子，根據出土印章，死者名辛追。從地層關系以及隨葬物等情況分析，一號墓略晚于三號墓，故辛追約死于公元前2世紀60年代。一號墓保存最完好，這里陳列的文物大都出土于一號墓。下面我大致按陳列的次序為大家講解。

錢幣這里出土的錢幣，基本上都是“明器”，即神明之器，是專為陪葬制作的。因此，它只具有象征性意義，而無實用價值。它的種類主要有“郢稱”和“半兩”。“郢稱”是楚國通行的貨幣，一直沿用到漢初；“半兩”多屬于漢文帝時期的四銖半兩。

木俑這是木俑。一號墓出土162件，三號墓出土104件。計有侍俑、樂俑、雜役俑等。這些木俑，無疑是軟侯家奴婢的替身，反映了軟侯家役使著眾多的奴婢，過著剝削寄生生活的情況。這批木俑在制作上大量采用了半肉雕技法，造型生動，形態逼真，顯示出當時雕刻工藝的高超。

樂器下面請大家參觀出土的樂器。一號墓中出土有完整的25弦的瑟，22管的竽和12支竽律管。三號墓除了出土的瑟、竽之外，還出土了七弦瑟和竹笛等。下面我重點介紹一下竽和竽律兩種樂器。一號墓出土的竽用竹木制成。由竽斗、竽嘴和22根竽管所組成。竿斗和竽嘴用木制；竽管由刮去表皮的竹管做成，長短不一，分兩排插在竽斗內，并用多道篾箍固定。它是專為死者制作的明器。各位游客請看，與竽同出土的還有竽律一套，共12管，用竹管制成。均裝在一個用乘云繡和黃絹縫制的長方形竽律袋內，每管一個小袋。各管均中空無底，律管下部書有十二律呂的名稱。它也是明器。竽律在古代文獻中沒發現有記載。它的發掘，使我們首次看到了古代竽律的形制，是很有意義的。朋友們再請看，三號墓中也出土有一件竽，是實用器。它尚有四種折疊管，共23支。每支管上有出氣孔和按孔，管內有簧片，簧片上還有銀白色的“點簧”，以控制音高。這是世界管樂器中使用簧片最早的實物之 一，為我國古代音樂史的研究提供了可靠的史料。竽的出土，使我們很自然地想起了歷史上有名的“南郭處士吹竽”的故事和由此而形成的“濫竽充數”著名成語。

博具這里展示的是一套博具。博具是一種娛樂用具，它是我國目前發現的惟一一件漢代完整的博具。博戲在漢代是十分受人喜愛的一種娛樂活動，但自晉代以后逐漸衰落并開始演變，到唐宋時由象棋取代。兵器這里陳列的是兵器。三號墓出土的兵器有38件。包括弓、弩、箭、劍等。弩，它利用了杠桿的原理，使箭射得更遠、更準；加上銅廓，更為堅固，成了名副其實的“強弓勁弩”。

農副畜產品各位朋友都知道，中國是一個農業大國。而遠在兩千一百多年前的西漢長沙國就已經有了較發達的農副畜牧業。下面請看，出土的大量產品有稻、小麥、大麥、麻籽、菜籽、棗、梨、楊梅、鹿、黃牛、山羊、綿羊、鯉魚、鯽魚、雞蛋等等。其中稻谷有秈、粳、黏、糯四大品種，對于研究我國古代稻谷品種和類型的演變發展，是不可多得的資料。

漆器請看，這么多漂亮的漆器，簡直是太美了。數量很多，一號墓出土184件，三號墓出土316件，二號墓的漆器多已破損。器形有鼎、鐘、方壺、圓壺、厘、耳杯、幾、勺等。其胎質多為木胎，也有竹胎和麻布胎。紋飾有漆繪、粉彩和錐畫多種，線條流暢，色彩絢麗，有的還記有容量。請看，這是

一件云紋漆鼎，在一號墓出土時，考古人員發現漆鼎中的水面上漂浮著一層蓮藕片。挖掘時 滿片因遇空氣加上在起取過程中不可避免地蕩動，藕片已全部溶解于水中了。地質工作者認為：這一現象說明二千一百年以來，長沙地區沒有發生過大的地震。否則，藕片會被震蕩，早已沉于水中了。在這里陳列的很多盛食器具中，您可以看到吉祥頌語，如“君幸酒”、“君幸食”等，意思是請您喝酒，請您享用美食。各位游客，至此我們看完了一展廳的周圍部分，現在請大家進入中心處的內廳。

絲織品一、三號墓出土的絲織品，名目繁多。服飾有絲綿袍11件、夾袍1件、素紗禪(單)衣l件，以及裳(裙子)、手套、紗帽、鞋、襪等40余件；還有整幅的絲織物63件，品種有絹、綺、羅、紗、錦、繡等。起絨錦是我國目前發現最早的起絨織物，說明當時已經掌握了復雜的提花技術。它的發現，把我國起絨技術的創始時間，至少提早了數百年。大家看到的這件素紗禪衣的確是一件令人驚嘆的稀世珍品。它身長128厘米，兩袖通長190厘米，其重量包括厚實的衣領和袖口錦邊在內，還不到現在的1兩，僅49克。真是“薄如蟬翼”、“輕若煙霧”。它是目前世界上現存年代最早、保存最完好、制作工藝最精和最輕薄的一件絲綢衣服。可見當時的紡織技術已達到了相當高的水平。

帛書請大家往前看：三號墓中出土的十多萬字的帛書，是我國歷史上極為罕見的重要發現。這批帛書，為研究我國古代歷史、哲學思想、科學技術等提供了極其豐富的新的資料。帛書中有《老子》甲、乙兩種抄本，甲本卷后、乙本卷前各有古佚書四種；還有新的春秋戰國史料《春秋事語》、《戰國縱橫家書》，以及《五星占》、《相馬經》、《醫書》數篇，共計20多種。《五星占》記載了秦始皇元年至漢文帝三年共七十年間木星、土星、金星在天空運行的位置，其中的數據資料與現在的計算數據十分接近，反映了當時我國天文學已達到了很高的水平。

帛書中有三幅地圖。一幅是漢朝諸侯長沙國南部地形圖。主區的范圍相當于現在廣西全州、灌陽一線以東，湖南新田、廣東連州市一線以西，北起新田、全州一帶，南界直達廣東珠江口外的南海。所示的河流流向和彎曲輪廓、山脈走向、城鎮方位與實際情況基本相符。第二幅為漢代諸侯長沙國南境駐軍圖。圖中標有部隊名稱及駐地、工事、烽火臺等軍事情況。第三幅是一個縣城的平面圖。這些地圖的出土，證明早在二千一百多年前的漢初，我國的地理科學已經達到了驚人的水平，它給我國地圖學史增添了寶貴的一頁。帛畫請大家注意，這里是兩張覆蓋在一、三號墓內棺上的彩繪帛畫，內容大致相似。帛畫呈“T”形，畫面從上至下畫的是天上、人間和地下的景象。上部畫有日、月、星、扶桑樹、天神及天國守門神等；中部畫的是墓主人出行及祭祀的場面；下部畫有一巨人站在兩條鰲魚背上，托舉著大地。畫中神話與現實和諧地交織在一起，構思、布局精妙有致。就其繪畫藝術而言，帛畫堪稱古代藝術品中的杰作。從帛畫的形制、內容及擺放位置等情況來看，它應屬于喪葬禮俗中“銘旌”一類的旗幡，用以“引魂升天”。三號墓棺室的東、西兩壁懸掛有兩張長方形帛畫。西壁的帛畫畫面上有百余人，數百匹馬和數十乘車。從其內容、布局分析，表現的是墓主人登臨高壇檢閱出征部隊場面。因此這幅帛畫可以叫做“出征圖”。東壁的帛畫由于殘破過甚，已分辨不清楚，估計是墓主人生前奢侈豪華生活的寫照。

朋友們!至此，第一展廳的陳列已全部觀看完畢。那么兩千一百多年前的漢代女尸和棺木是什么樣子呢?下面請跟我到地下室，也就是第二展廳去參觀。

女尸長沙馬王堆漢墓中最引人注意的是，首次發現了一具保存了兩千一百多年的女尸。今天，我們就來認識認識她吧。她是誰呢?她就是一號墓中漢初諸侯長沙國丞相軟侯利蒼的妻子辛追。在出土時，此人身高154厘米，保存體重34．3公斤。體形完整，全身潤澤，皮膚覆蓋完好，大部分毛發尚存，部分關節可以彎動，軟組織尚有彈性。1972年底，對尸體進行了解剖，并進行了解剖學、組織學、病理學、化學等多種學科的研究。經過多方面觀察研究分析，死者生前患有全身性動脈粥樣硬化癥、冠心病、膽石癥等多種疾病。在其食管、胃腸道內共發現甜瓜子138粒半，表明患者是在吃了甜瓜之后不久死去的。經過綜合分析研究，死者由于膽絞痛的急性發作，反射性地引起冠狀動脈痙攣，導致心肌缺血造成猝死的可能性最大。對于古尸能保存完好的原因，也作了多方面的探討，認為辛追死后

進行了“浴尸”，用約二十層衣衾嚴密包裹，及時人殮封棺后，逐漸形成了缺氧條件，這有助于延緩尸體的腐爛。入土后由于深埋20．5米、密封，共有四層棺套、棺外有槨，槨的上下四周用密閉性能好的白膏泥封閉，再加上隔絕了氧氣的來源和光的照射，保持著相對的恒溫和恒濕，并由于槨室中大批隨葬物的腐敗而產生沼氣，細菌相繼死亡，于是腐敗過程趨向停止，加上長沙沒有發生過破壞性地震，保持了墓室的密閉性能。內棺中的80升茶褐色棺液為弱酸性，具有輕度的抑菌和殺菌作用，對蛋白水解酶有較強的抑酶作用。這些都是使這具古尸能夠保存下來的因素.這具女尸是一具特殊類型的尸體。它是防腐學上的奇跡，反映了漢初人們所掌握的防腐的豐富經驗以及防腐學所達到的高度水平。棺木這是一號墓中的三具棺木，均系梓屬類楸木制成。錦飾內棺是存放女尸的。由于漢代還沒有使用棺釘，故在棺木的兩端用束帛加以捆扎。朱地彩繪的頭擋繪有雙龍穿壁，足擋繪有兩鹿登山峰。這個棺內外均涂朱紅漆，又畫龍、虎、鹿等古代長壽和吉祥的動物，意為表示吉祥。黑地彩繪棺用彩漆描繪了古人想象中流云漫卷的天空，在流云之中還穿插著一百一十多個神怪和奇禽異獸。棺槨請大家跟我到第三展廳看看馬王堆一、三號墓的木槨。馬王堆二號墓由于早年被盜，已坍塌腐爛，僅剩殘木。數以千計的隨葬品就放置在木槨的四個邊箱之內。整個木槨結構平整嚴密，沒有一根金屬嵌釘，全是用扣接、套榫結合成的，說明當時的工藝水平是非常高的。

馬王堆漢墓的棺槨埋得很深，四周上下還有大量的填塞物，依次為：木炭、白膏泥、夯土層、白膏泥、封土等五層。其中木炭每墓有一萬多斤，填塞在木槨的四周，主要用于防潮。在木炭的外面是厚度達一米多的 白膏泥。白膏泥是用來塑造瓷器的瓷土，即不太純凈的高嶺土，它黏性強，可塑性好，滲透性極低，是很好的防滲漏材料。白膏泥以上的填土又都被夯整夯實。這就造成了一個完全密封的環境。起到了隔氧、隔光、隔潮和相對恒濕的作用。加上長沙地殼穩定，使墓中的文物和女尸能完整地保存下來，得以在今天重現于世。馬王堆漢墓出土文物就介紹到這里，謝謝大家的合作!

第五篇：湖南長沙馬王堆漢墓女尸英文導游詞

Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of changsha, about 4km from downtown changsha,In the preceeding centuries, it was bured here, hence the name “mawangdui”formerly there were two eastern mounds here closely linked together.

From 1972 to early 1974, chinese archacological workers unearthed three tombs of the wester han dynasty here and achieved tremendous results that attracted wide attention at home and abroad.they excavated more than 3000 cultural relied and a well-preserved female corpse from the tombs.according to seals unearthed from tomb no2“chancellor to the prince to changsha”,“seal of the marquis of dai”

we know that the mawangdui was burial ground of licang , chancellor to the prince of changsha statte and mqrquis of dai in the early western han dynasty and his family.according to the historical records , licang died in the secong year of the reign of Empress lu.the occupants in tomb no3 were believed to be his son.unearthed from the tomb was a wooden tablet with the burial bate, which reads“the first day of the second month in the twelfth year” after careful textual research this was indentified as the twelfth year of reign of the han emperor wen ci.the corpse in tomb no1 is that of licang ' wife, whose personal name , according to an unearthed seal, was xingzhui, a study of conclusion that "tomb no1 dates from about the 6th dacade of the 2nd century B,C

a little later than tomb no3 tomb no1 is the best preserved, and most of the relies showed here were excavated from this tomb.now , i will introduce this thing to you one by one:

these are figurines 162 wooden figurines were unearthed from tomb no1 and 104 form tomb no3 , they fall into three categories:attendants, musicians and odd-jobservants.no doubt , they represent the numerous servants enslaved by the marquis of dai, which reveal the parasitic life of the family.now , pls look at these instuments, an intact zither with 25 strings, pipes composed of 22 pierced bamboo sticks and a set of pitch pipes were found in tomb no1 , in addition , a zither , a T-stringed harp, pipes and bamboo flutes were excavated from tonb no3.strinkingly bamboo reads were found inside.the pipes found in tomb no3 , there is a silvery point on each reed, which controls the pitch, this is the material evidence of the earliest reeds , ever used in wind instruments in the world.these are weapons:they wre excavated from tomb no3, there are 38 weapons altogether, including bows a crossbow, arrows , an arrow seabbard, a weapon stand , halberds, spears.etc.compared with the weapon of the warring state period, the bow , the crossbow and arrows were somewhat improved so that arrows

could travel futher, along with the garrison map.they help us to get an idea of the military situation in chansha state.we know that china is a very big agricultural state, and long long ago, when people lived in western han period , there had come into being somewhat developed cultivation and animal husbandry.look ,all these things were excavated from the tombs.the agricultural produce includes rice , wheat , barley, soybean, red peas, hemp seeds, vegetable;the animal produce includes deer , oxen, goats , sheep, pigs, bares ,chickens , fishes and even chicken eggs.well.lacquer ware, so beautiful!184 pieces of lacquer ware were unearthed from tomb no1 and 316 pieces from tomb no3, they includ tripods vases, square vases, boxes , toilet boxes, pitchers, ladles, cups, caved cup-containers, an armreat, a screen, a game tool and a dustpam , most of them r made of a wood base coated in lacquer, and some of a bamboo or hemp base, the designs, either painted in lacquer or pasted or incised with very fine strokes, were done in smooth and graceful.lines with gorgeous color, the exquisitely wrought lacquer wares indicate the highly developed state of lacquer crafts-manship and a side light on the economic situation of the early han dynasty.now, we have seen the areound parts of the first hall, pls follow me to the central past.here you can see the silk fabrics.