第一篇：新版新目標大學英語綜合教程1翻譯答案

? “Ah, even Tessa left something behind,” Iannounced “哈，連泰莎的東西也忘帶走了。”我說道。

? “All mirrors,” says George Macdonald.“The commonest room is a room in a poem when I look in the glass”

“凡事皆鏡像，”喬治·麥克唐納說。“從鏡子里面看，再普通的房子我也覺得充滿詩情畫意。”

? …… We may transport ourselves to the mountains or the seashore, and visit the most beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue, inconvenience, or expense ……我們還能遍訪山川海岸，盡享大地之最美，而不覺疲倦，沒有不便，更不用破費。

? After five minutes of crying, arguing and finally compromising, I decided that I’d go inside if my mom came first thing in the morning.在哭鬧了五分鐘之后，我最終妥協了，心想如果明天媽媽一大早就來接我，那我現在就進去。

? Being at Harvardcan be overwhelming, but there is no other place I’d rather be.雖然哈佛的學業壓力會很大，但我就是寧愿待在這里。

? Books, indeed, endow us with a whole enchanted palace of thoughts.書籍的確賜予我們一座令人神往的思想宮殿。

? But Elizabeth beat the other girl to the wall for the victory.但是伊麗莎白先于另一個女孩觸壁，贏得了比賽。? But, she said, “I wish that all their pleasure in the park is but a shadow to the pleasure I find in Plato.但她說：“我希望他們在園子里打獵的快樂，與我在柏拉圖文字里獲得的愉悅相比，只不過是影子而已。”

? Collaboration in study groups is a huge part of surviving Harvard’s tough academic load.學習小組合作學習對應對哈佛繁重的學習任務起著重要的作用。

? Einstein is the closest you get to describing genius, even small kids know him.描述天才時，愛因斯坦是你能找到的最適合的例子，就連小孩都熟悉他。

? Elizabeth treaded water while her teammate put on the sock.隊友給她穿襪子時，伊麗莎白踩著水。? He prompted us to remain grateful to God that we had ended up together.他提醒我們要對上帝心存感激，因為我們終于在一起了。

? Iapplied as a pre-med student but this semester has shown me that there are virtually limitless options to explore before declaring my major next year.我申請的是醫學預科，但一個學期下來，我發現在下一年確定專業之前，我實際上有無數的方向可以選擇。

? I decided to visit both campuses before making my final decision, and to my surprise,fell in love with Harvard.我決定先實地考察一下這兩所學校再做最后選擇，沒想到的是，我竟然喜歡上了哈佛。

? It seems like every time our family gets together something is left behind.似乎每次我們家庭聚會以后，總會留下點什么東西。

? Looking back, I’m astonished that, while it seem everything in our lives was changing, nothing had changed whatsoever.當我回想過去，令我驚訝的是其實一切都沒有改變，盡管看起來我們的生活樣樣在變。

? Memories are always left behind, I reasoned, and what a precious thing good memories are to us.我尋思著，有些記憶總是留存在腦海里，美好的記憶對我們來說是多么的珍貴啊。

? Most notably, I let go of the promise I had once made her that I would become a doctor.最值得一提的是我放棄了曾經向媽媽許下的要當醫生的諾言。

? Nowhere in the world could we find another academic that rivals the popularity of rock superstars.全世界都找不到另一個像他那樣的學者，其知名度可以與搖滾巨星媲美。

? She had to go back and touch the wall, so that hurt her time.她又得游回去觸碰池壁，這樣一來耽擱了時間。? That was really cool to watch, and she flipped very well.看她游泳真是太棒了！她轉身轉的非常好。? That’s because there is one more thing besides memories left behind … and that is love.那是因為，除了留下的記憶以外，還有一樣東西保留下來了，那就是愛……

? Then, of course, there are some memories that need to be left behind.The memories of past hurts, unforgiveness, bitterness, and anger should be left behind forever.當然，也有一些記憶是該忘卻的。那些曾經的傷害、怨恨、苦痛、憤怒的記憶應該永遠忘卻。

? There is no genius in the world as respected and as loved as loved as albert Einstein.His picture with his distinctive hairstyle even became a pop culture icon.世界上沒有哪個天才如同阿爾伯特?愛因斯坦一樣受到人們如此的尊敬和愛戴。他那留著與眾不同的發型的照片甚至成為一種流行文化的標志。? There is no other personality in the academic world that has even half Einstein’s popularity.在學術界，其他人的知名度連愛因斯坦的一半都不及。

? This continues until everyone on the team has completed a lap.這樣不斷交換，直到每個隊員都完成一個來回。? What’s great about Harvard and its surrounding area is that everthing is so accessible哈佛及其周邊地區值得稱道之處是：一切都相當便利。

? With every step along the way, it became clear that letting go of my mother was the only way I would be able to live my life—a life in which I believed myself to be more than the daughter who wasn’t good enough to be loved by her mother.一路走來，我開始明白：唯一能讓我開始自己人生的方式便是放下對母親離去的那份傷感。在這樣的人生中，我相信自己不僅僅是一個因表現得不夠好而得不到媽媽愛的女兒。

? Without stirring from our firesides we may roam to the most remote regions of the earth, or soar into realms where Spenser’s shapes of unearthly beauty flock to meet us, where Milton’s angels peal in our ears the choral hymns of paradise.無須起身離開火爐，我們就可以漫游天涯海角，或是飛到斯賓塞筆下的王國，在那里我們受到成群結隊非凡美麗的仙女們的歡迎，或是飛到彌爾頓的天堂，在那里我們欣賞天使們合唱天堂頌歌。

? CD的音質勝過任何盒式錄音帶。No cassette tapes could rival CDs in terms of sound quality ? 更重要的是學生們明白了在學習和娛樂之間需要找到平衡點More importantly, students understand that they should find a balance between their study and entertainment.? 觀看激烈的足球比賽是讓我忘卻工作中一切煩惱的最佳途徑。Watching exciting soccer games is the best way to take my mind off all the problems in my work.? 很明顯，媒體隱藏了重要的信息，沒有向公眾宣布。Clearly, the media has hidden some important information from the public.? 決賽那天到來時，她十分緊張。能否取勝還是懸而未決的事。When the day of the finals arrived, she was very nervous.Whether she could win or not was still up in the sky.? 開車對美國人而言就像鳥兒需要飛翔一樣，幾乎就是他們天性的一部分。Driving is to Americans what flying is to birds.It is almost part of their nature.? 沒有一個參賽者能追上那個不知疲倦的領跑者。None of the competitors could catch up with the untiring runner who was in the lead.? 沒有一種不幸可與失去時間相比。There is no other misfortune that could be compared with the loss of time.? 南京這座古老而美麗的城市見證過許多重大的歷史事件。Nanjing, an ancient and beautiful city, has witnessed many great historic events.? 朋友們傷感的目送他開車離開，清楚地知道下次見面應該是很久之后了。Friends sadly watched him drive off, knowing it would be long before they could meet again.? 球員們完全不在狀態，結果以2:3輸掉了比賽。The football team was not in the zone and lost the game with the score of 2 to 3.? 如果你花很大力氣練習英語口語的話，遲早會取得好效果的。If you make a great effort to practice your oral English, it will pay off in the long run.? 如果下雨，足球比賽將延期。In the event of rain, the football match will be postponed.? 社區工作人員花了一個月擦去那些曾經是城市印象的涂鴉It took the community workers a month to wipe off the graffiti, which used to be a notable sight of the city.? 時間見證了這所大學悠久的歷史、自由的學術氛圍和充滿活力的學生生活。Time has witnessed the long history, free academic atmosphere and energetic students’life of the university.? 太陽火辣辣的，與他那天在奧運會上所面臨的競爭一樣火熱The sun is as hot as the competition that he was confronted with at the Olympic Games.? 提綱之于作家，猶如藍圖之于建筑師The outline is to a writer as the blueprint is to an architect.? 鄉村音樂是當今美國最流行的音樂形式之一。Country music is one of the most popular forms of music in the United States today.? 幸運的是我們可以跟著這本食譜一步步來做這些美味佳肴。Luckily, we could cook all these delicious courses by following the steps provided in the recipe book.? 學習對于人的思想，猶如食物都與人的身體。As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind.? 由于暴風雪，這個村子的水電供給都已經被切斷。This village’s water and power supplies have been cut off because of the snowstorm.? 在高海拔地區，人們用很多方法來阻擋紫外線In high altitude areas, people used lots of ways to keep off ultraviolet rays.? 在世界上其他任何地方。你都找不到與瑞士一樣迷人的風景。Nowhere else in the world can you find scenery as attractive as in Switzerland.? 正如劍是戰士的武器，筆是作家的武器。Just as a sword is the weapon of a warrior, a pen is the weapon of a writer.? 值得注意的是網絡公開課的學分已經被很多大學正式接受。Notably, the credits earned from Internet open courses have been officially accepted by many universities.? 中國在新世紀將發生重大而深遠的變化。The new century will see a significant and far-reaching change in China.? 眾所周知，中國在2003年成功的發射了第一艘載人宇宙宇宙飛船。As is known to all, the year 2003 saw the successful launching of China’s first manned spaceship.? 重游青年時代曾經學習和工作的地方時，他回憶起許多美好的往事。A visit to the places where he had studied and worked during his youth brought back many fond memories.? 最忠實的朋友莫過于一本好書。There is no friend as loyal as a good book.? 最終粉絲們不得不接受演唱會由于天氣原因而改期。Resultantly, the fans had to accept the rescheduling of the concert due to the weather.

第二篇：大學體驗英語綜合教程1課后翻譯答案

1.自從有了移動電話朋友寫信了。He has no longer been writing to his friends ever since he got a mobile phone.2.盡管很忙..領域的最新動態。Even though he is very busy, he spends at least two hours every day surfing the Internet in order to find out about / learn about the latest developments in this field.3.李教授在畢業典在我的記憶中。Professor Li gave a short speech at the commencement.His words werestrongly impressed upon my memory.4.講到期末考試..滿臉都是自信。Talking about the final exams the students were not nervous at all.There was full confidence on every one’s face.5.在30分鐘內寫..是小菜一碟。To write a short passage of about 100 words in 30 minutes would be a snap to most students in their class.1.他的生活經歷..著一個重要角色。His life experiences have always been playing a big role in his academic career.2.那家餐廳..了營業時間。The restaurant has recently extended its opening / business hours.3.我剛剛讀完..的有趣的書。I’ve just read an interesting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare.4.隨著電子郵件..的極大關注。With the wide use of email, the issue of spam / junk email has drawn much concern.5.傳統教育比起網絡..有著更多的限制。In traditional / conventional education there are more limitations in communication and interaction between teachers and students than there are in online education.1.這鋼琴有些.無法說清楚。Something is wrong with the piano, but I can’t put my finger on what it is.2.這條褲子.夾克不相配。Apart from being too large, the trousers don’t match my jacket, either.3.不論理由.流行音樂。I love pop music, for whatever reasons.4.他對外國文化懷.尋找有用的信息。He has great interest in foreign cultures, often browsing through piles of books to look for any useful information.5.在是否要創.見很不一致。Opinions on whether we should start a new society vary a great deal.1.我已經把我的.未收到回復。I have faxed my resume and a cover letter to that company, but I haven’t received a reply yet.2.當別人遇到0.地提供幫助。John will not hesitate for a second to offer help when others are in trouble 3.我得承認我很0到簽證不容易。I have to admit that I desire very much to work or study abroad for some time but I know it is not easy to get a visa.4.他到倫敦0找到一份工作。It was not until 2 years after he arrived in London that he found / took a job in an international bank.5.湯姆完成0回到美國的家。After finishing his teaching, Tom traveled throughout China for 2 months before returning home in America.1.這些觀眾一定是0予高度評價的。The audience must have missed their musical performance, or they would have spoken highly of it.2.盡管她遠在他鄉0的深切關懷。Somehow she could sense her mother’s deep concern though she was far away from home.3.這個接線員0花兩個小時左右。The operator had to spend two hours or so on her way from her home to the workplace every day.4.他感激她的0這意味著許多。He appreciated her sympathy and understanding, which meant a lot to him during that time.5.她終于來0開始撥打巴黎。She finally arrived at a telephone booth and put in the coins before dialing Paris1.我不知道事情會變成這樣。Little did I know that things would turn out like that.2.他并不想買車0他買了一輛。He wasn’t keen on buying a car, but I talked him into it.3.成為2008 年北京奧運會志愿隊伍中的一員將會是我一生中難得的經歷。Being a volunteer in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games would be a once-in-a-lifetime experience for me.4.吸煙是導致肺癌的主要因素。Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to lung cancer.5.這兩所大學0舉行藝術表演The two universities will unite to stage an art show next month.1.這次貿易談判0特別大的好處。The trade negotiation is a big success, so it can be uniquely beneficial to both parties.2.我們班的0生會組織的活動。My classmates have been involved, one way or another, in the activities organized by the Student Union.3.對一個沒有受0最理想的工作之一。It’s one of the most desirable jobs available to a person without higher education.4.從事科研0有效學習的能力。Undergraduate research can spur students’ independent thinking and effective learning.5.學費每年0很重的負擔。The cost of tuition continues to climb each year, which has constituted a heavy burden upon students from poverty-stricken backgrounds..1.羅伯特·彭斯0比作玫瑰花。In his poem, Robert Burns compares the girl he loves to a rose.2.無論你多忙0加同學聚會。No matter how busy you are, you should try to make it back to the class reunion.3.離婚后她需0她安慰的人。After her divorce she needed a shoulder to cry on.4.畢業20年0以前的同學了。He graduated 20 years ago, so he could barely recognize his former classmates.5.什么都無法之間的友誼。Nothing can replace the friendship between intimate friends

第三篇：大學英語綜合教程1課后翻譯

Unit 1

1.這個嬰兒還不會爬，更不要說走了。

The baby can't even crawl yet,let alone walk!

2.威爾聲稱謀殺案發生時他正在與一群朋友吃飯，但是我認為他在說謊。Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder , but in my opinion he told a lie.3.一定程度上閱讀速度與閱讀技巧密切相關；有了閱讀技巧，你就可以更好地應對課外閱讀了。

To a certain extent the speed of reading is colsely related to reading skills;and with reading skills you cam cope with outside calss reading better.4.根據規則他倆都可以參加比賽。

Acccording to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game.5.有些人想當然地認為日語中的沒一個詞在漢語中都有對應的詞語。

Some peopleassume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word.6.我們已將所有的相關信息告知了警方。

We have passed all rlevant information on to the police.7.關于那件事你問我再多的問題也沒用，因為我是不會回答你的。

There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won'tanswer.8.事先沒有仔細閱讀合同就簽了名是吉姆的錯誤。

It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully.9.他們拒絕向我們提供所需要的全部信息。

They refused to provide us with all the information we need.10.這起事故與三年前發生的一起事故極為相似。

This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago.11.這部影片是根據莎士比亞的戲劇改編的。

The film is based on a play by Shakespeare.12.如果你的英語和電腦技術都能掌握好，那么你在謀職時就一定比別人更有優勢。

If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job.Unit 2

1.很多老師不贊同這種做法。

Many teachers frowned on this practice.2.當我想從草地上傳過去的時候，有位老人在旁邊怒視我。

An old man glared at me when I was trying to cut across the law.3.當我提到我的父親時，她的臉上露出了認出我的笑容。

When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face.4.我的大孩子比較聽話，而小的那個非常倔。

我現在還常回想起小的孩子在中學畢業后是如何執意要出國讀書的。

My first born was quite obedint ,whereas my younger child was very stubborn.I can still reacll now how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after he finished his secondary school.5.當海嘯襲來時，許多東南亞國家遭受了巨大的損失。

Coutries in South East Asia sustained gerat losses when the tsunami struch the area.6.每當做母親的拿弟弟跟哥哥作比較，弟弟就要抗議。

Ever time the mother treis to compare the younger brother with his elder brother, the younger on will protest.7.當他初到這個新學校的時候，發現自己與其他同學格格不入。

He found himself unable to fit in with his classmates when he first came to this school.8.她臉上氣急敗壞的表情實在把我嚇壞了。我再也不敢說個不字。

The fury on her face terrified me.I dared not say no to her again.9.怪不得你最后闖出禍來，原來你從來不聽你父母的管教。

No wonder you ended up in trouble.You never followed your parents' advice.10.他花了整整兩年的時間才慢慢適應了這個新環境。

It took him two years to adapt to the new environment.Unit 3

1.威廉非常喜歡那女孩子，所以他盡力討好她，并且很有信心可以贏得她的心。William likes the girl a lot so he tries very hard to imperss her and is optimistic that he will win her heart.2.他有創造性，對未來也有很好的判斷力，可就是喜歡秘而不宣。

He is very creative and has a good vision of the future, but he likes to keep things to himself.3.他們來自一個貧窮的小山村，那里的人們遠離現代文明。

They came from a poor village where people were shut off from modern civillization.4.我們要努力工作，爭取達到我們所訂下的目標。

We must work hard and make an effort to achieve the goals that we have set.5.我們應該滿足于我們所擁有的一切，不該對周圍的事情過分吹毛求疵。

We should learn to becontent with all that we have and should not be too critical about things around us.6.他們經常代表學校參加辯論賽；今晚我們將聚會慶祝他們的成功。

They often represent our school in debating competitions;tonight we will throw a party to celebrate their success.7.通過讀書，他不僅開闊了視野，而且學會了不但完善自己的人格。

Through reading, not only has he expanded hie horizon, he has also learned to keeping improving his character.8.為把那個女孩從火中救出，兩名警察犧牲了他們的生命。

Two policemen sacrificed lives in order to save that girl from the fire.9.穩定的、無沖突的夫妻關系對家庭中的孩子有好處。

A stable relationship without conflicts between husband and wife benfits the

children in the family.Unit 4

1.我們一知道成績就互相聯系吧！

Let's get in touch as soon as we know the results of the text/exam.2.那音樂激起他強烈的思鄉之情。

The music aroused an intense feeling of homesikeness in him.3.你已經工作了一上午了，該休息一下了。

You've been working all morningin other words, you failed.9.她病得很厲害，必須停止工作。

She was so ill that she had to leave off work.10.現在沒辦法知道結果會怎樣，案子的決定權在法官手里，我們所能做的就是等待。

There is no way to tell what is going to happen.The case is in the hands of the judge, and all we could do is to wait.Unit 5

1.我們是好朋友，可他居然將這么大的一件事瞞著我，實在令我吃驚。

We are good friends;however, he kept such an important matter from me ,which took me by surprise.2.考試得不了一百分不要緊。重要的是別失去自信心。

It doesn't matter if you can not get full marks for the exam;what matters is not to lose confidence in yourself.3.昨天晚上他和我聊天，并安慰我說，這種病并不難治，還沒人死于這種病。He chatted with me last night and reassured methat the disease was not hard to cure and that nobady had ever died of it.4.她決心用鋼鐵般的意志來克服生活中的種種障礙。

She was determined to overcome all the obstacles in her life with a will of iron.5.是事實他早就收到我的錢了，卻有意不給我回條確認。這實在讓我氣壞了。

It turned out that he had already received my money, but did not aknowledge the receipt of it on purpose.This really drove me crazy.6.他是個害羞和沉靜的男孩，在走上講臺敘述自己的經歷之前，他悄悄地坐在禮堂的一角集思冥想。

He is a shy and silent boy.Before he went onto the stage to share his experiences, he sat quietly in a corner of the auditorium, gathering his thoughts.7.他當場承認他要出國留學，因為他相信國外的教育會給他將來的研究國祚打開大門。

He admitted on the spot that he would go overseas for further study as he believed overseas education would open the door to his future research.8.看到自己一個美麗的姑娘，瑪麗的叔叔的臉上滿是笑容。

Mary's uncle's face lit up when he saw his niece had turned into a pretty young lady in just a few years.Unit 6

1.直起身來，腳要跟上音樂拍子。

Straighten up！You feet should keep time to the rhythm of the music.2.她將一張紙條悄悄塞在了他的手中。他看了以后很不高興，以為她在取笑他。She slipped a note into his hand.He was very unhappy after reading it, as he thought that she was making fun of him.3.小偷被抓住時，求我們饒恕他。他說他頭食物是因為他的媽媽快餓死了，家里幾乎一點吃的都沒有了。

The thief pleaded for out mercy when he was caught.He said he had stolen the food beacuse his mother wa staving todeath and there was barely and food left in the house.4.既然他們要求更多的電力供應，我們應該滿足他們的要求，減輕他們的壓力。They have made a request for more electricity supplies, which we should satisfy in order to release them from the pressure they are under.5.他們將酒瓶傳了一圈，每人喝了一口后，就向森林深處走去。

They made the rounds with wine bottle;each took a gulp and then they set out for the forest.6.我的電視上訂購了一臺新的。網上商店會派人送貨上門。

My TV set broke down;I have ordered a new one online and the shop is going to have it delivered to the door.7.他的話令所有人不快，大家都停止了吃飯。過了一會兒，大家繼續吃飯，但每個人都看上去心事重重。

His words made everyone unhappy and stop eating.After a while, they resumed eating, but they all looked as if something was weighing on their minds.8.像他這么一個溫文爾雅的人居然如此粗魯地打斷我們。我們都無法置信地看著他。

We stared at him in dis belief, astonished that someone as gentle as he is could interrupt us so rudely.Unit 7

1.我們剛開始一個新工作，肯定會有很多東西不熟悉。

Whenever we start a new job, there are bound to be a lot of things we may not be familiar with.2.這種新藥已經成功地用在動物身上，但這并不意味著它將在人類身上也適用。This new medicine/drug has successfully been used on animals, but this doesn't mean that it can be applied to humans.3.他這次演講比賽沒能得第一名主要是因為他缺乏信心。

His failure to win the first prize in the speech competition is largely due to his lack of confidence.4.對于一般人來說，憂郁癥很容易跟壓力混淆，因為憂郁癥也可是是某些壓力的反應。

To the general public, depression can be easily confused with stress, as it may be a response to some types of stress.5.世界糧食的生產將越來越難跟上世界人口的日益增長。

It is becoming increasingly difficult for world food productiong to keep pace with the continuing growth of the world' population.6.要成功地得到一份工作，需要很多因素在一起發揮左右腦更，這些因素包括你的技能、文憑和工作經驗。

To successfully get a job , a lot of factors need to come into play, including your skills, diploma and work experience.Unit 8

1.法官要求記者不要公開受害人的姓名。

The judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the victim.2.老師費盡苦心務使我們全都理解他說的話。

The teacher took pains to make sure that we all understood what he said.3.最近學校在學業優秀的學生中進行了一項調查。

Recently the school conducred a survey among those students who have attained academic exellence.4.他說他要接受這份工作，我們要求他寫封信證實。

He said he would accept the job , so we asked him to confirm his acceptance by writing us a letter.5.喬治學習很努力，他要盡量利用學習機會。

George studies very hard.He wants to make the most of his chance to learn.6.我們不能去。第一，天太冷。另外，我們正忙著。

We can't go.To begin wich, it's too cold.Besides, we're busy.7.該是有人公開講清楚這些基本事實的時候了。

It's about time that someone spoke up for these basic truths/facts.8.不要說做這事沒用，長遠看會有好結果的。

Don't say it is profitless to do this.The effort will pay off in the long run.

第四篇：新世紀大學英語綜合教程1答案

Key to All Units(abridged)Unit One

Words in Action 1)1.They claim that they have discovered a cure for the disease, but this has not yet been proved.2.If Jane is not here in 10 minutes, we'll assume that she isn't coming and we won't wait for her any longer.3.After years of hard work, she became qualified as a doctor last year.4.They based their estimate on the figures for the last four years.5.Some Chinese words have no equivalents in English.6.The train leaves at about half past eight—8:32, to be precise.7.If you want my personal opinion, I don't think you should go there.8.The rights of the individual are perhaps the most important rights in society.9.She promised solemnly that she would not say a word about it to anyone.10.The house is too small for a family of five;furthermore, it is in a bad condition.11.Human beings are much more intelligent than animals.12.Her new novel is based on her adventures in Africa.2)1.obtain 2.confident 3.communicate 4.advantage 5.relevant 6.helpful 7.extreme 8.enjoyable 9.means 10.process 11.particularly 12.characters 13.astonished 14.apparently 3)1.fond of 2.is … related to 3.according to 4.To a certain extent 5.vice versa 6.no doubt 7.rid … of 8.cleared up 9.or else 10.at all costs 11.sure enough 12.let alone 13.based on 14.It's no use 15.in my view 16.was worth Increasing your word power 1)1.c

2.d

3.b

4.b

5.b

6.d 2)1.highly/very

2.quite/very

3.quite/very/increasingly

4.quite/simply/very 3)ADVERBS

ADJECTIVES efficiently efficient fluently

fluent quickly

quick cheaply

cheap continually continual probably

probable adventurously adventurous finally

final steadily

steady slowly

slow solemnly solemn really

real apparently apparent tentatively tentative exactly

exact 4)1.No mistake 2.especially 3.necessary

4.frequently

5.No mistake

6.easy

7.No mistake

8.individual

9.many 10.highly

11.apparent

12.remarkable 13.probably

14.No mistake Grammar Review Task 1: 1.would/should 2.should/would 3.might 4.would 5.must 6.can't 7.should, should 8.must Task 2: 1.We passed the afternoon very pleasantly, roller-skating in the sun and talking about our childhood under a tree./ The afternoon passed very pleasantly, while we roller-skated in the sun and talked about our childhood under a tree.2.On entering the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd./ When I entered the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd.3.When I was only a small boy, my father took me to Beijing and we had a lot of fun together.4.To write well, a person must read good books.Cloze(1)doubt

(2)efficient(3)where(4)advantage(5)afford(6)claim(7)fluently(8)qualified(9)extent(10)ridiculous(11)perfect(12)as(13)because(14)individual Translation 1)1.The baby can't even crawl yet, let alone walk!

2.Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie.3.To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills;and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better.4.According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game.5.Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word.6.We have passed all relevant information on to the police.7.There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won't answer.8.It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully.9.They refused to provide us with all the information we need.10.This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago.11.The film is based on a play by Shakespeare.12.If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job.2)近年來英語教學法有了很大改變，但是還是有大量的教學活動建立在行為主義心理學基礎之上。那些信奉行為主義心理學理論的教師熱衷于讓學生復述短語，并迫使學生做一些只需不斷更換句中某個詞的練習。假如我們是鸚鵡或黑猩猩，那么這些方法或許能奏效。但是我們不是鸚鵡或黑猩猩，人類的語言交際必須是真實、有意義的。

Theme related writing Write a passage in about 100-120 words, taking either of the following titles: Why I like to learn English I have learned English for about seven years.I should say that I am highly motivated to master English.First of all, learning English is useful, as it is becoming a world language and people from different countries often communicate with one another in English.If I am good at English, it will be much easier for me to communicate with them.Secondly, I like traveling a lot.A good mastery of English will make things much easier for me when traveling around the world.Finally, I like literature a lot.If I am very good at English, I can read great works by Shakespeare and Dickens and many other English writers instead of reading the translated versions.(118 words)Why I hate to learn English I have learned English for about seven years.I should say the more I learn English, the more I hate it.First of all, learning English is boring.I have to memorize many new words or rely on a dictionary to frequently check unknown words.Doing so wastes a lot of my precious time.Secondly, I don't understand why we have to learn a foreign language.I don't want to go abroad and I can always find a job that doesn't need English in China.Finally, I can always read translated versions of the books I want to read.So, if I don't have to learn English, I would rather use the time I spend on English to do things I like.(121 words)

Unit 2 Enhance your language awareness Words in Action Working with words and expressions 1)1.There were 24 people enrolled in the French class.2.It was so cold in the air-conditioned room that Jane had to wrap herself in a blanket.3.What are you complaining about? You have already got everything you want.4.When I turned off the TV, all my three kids protested.5.When the father learned about his son's school performance, he beamed with satisfaction.6.The children panicked when they saw the serious look on the teacher's face.7.How do people celebrate New Year's Day in your country? 8.He is too stubborn to admit that he was wrong.9.George is very ambitious about his future though he is just a teenager.10.My son is very good at figures , and he plans to take up Mathematics as his major.11.How can you keep your children at home for the whole week? Of course, they will get restless.12.He got very frustrated when he learned that he had failed the exam again.13.Being a very possessive father, he felt very unhappy when he learned his daughter was going to get married.2)1.create

2.conflict

3.involved

4.overcame

5.have survived

6.attend

7.frowned

8.wander

9.guilty 10.sustained

11.survey

12.awkward

13.recall

14.terrified

15.insurance

16.Adapting 3)1.was sick of

2.choking back

3.Compared with

4.settled into

5.would give anything

6.in the midst of

7.in his own right 8.on my own 9.fit in with

10.grew apart from

11.No wonder

12.staying up

13.was annoyed with

14.was scared of

15.in trouble

16.For instance Increasing your word power 1)1.possessive

2.overprotective

3.frustrated

4.possessive

5.lenient …strict 6.rebellious

7.frustrated

8.restless

9.stubborn 2)1.survey

2.sustain

3.attend

4.terrify

5.wrap

6.recall

1.After surveying the damage, we concluded that it was caused by animals.2.His car sustained dents when it hit the road block.3.The teachers will attend our meeting this afternoon.4.The stern expression on his face terrified me.5.Please wrap the presents carefully.6.When he recalled what happened ten years ago, he still couldn't help feeling sorry.3)Words Suffixes Adjectives

Chinese meaning(1)danger-ous dangerous 危險的(2)irony-y →-ic ironic

具有諷刺意味的(3)fury-y →-ious furious

暴怒的(4)industry-y →-ious industrious 勤奮的(5)joy-ous joyous

（令人）高興的(6)ambition-ion →-ious ambitious

有抱負的；有野心的(7)fame-e → ous famous

著名的(8)hero-ic

heroic

英勇的(9)adventure-e →-ous adventurous 喜歡冒險的；膽大的)1.dangerous

2.ironic

3.fury

4.heroic

5.adventure … fame Grammar Review Task 1 1.a.: vt.;b.: vi., with the same meaning: “not to die” 2.a.: vi.;b.: vt., with the same meaning: “to write back” 3.a.: vi., meaning “to succeed in dealing with sth.”

b.: vt.meaning “to be in control or in charge of” 4.a.: vi., meaning “to make a telephone call”

b.: vt., meaning “to say or consider that(sb.or sth.)is(sth.)” Task 2 1.F

argued with each other

2.F The accident happened…

3.F enjoyed it 4.T 5.T 6.F shouted at 7.T 8.T Task 3 Verbs Transitive Intransitive Sample Sentences settle yes

yes

1.He finally managed to settle the problem.2.He settled down in a small seaside village.change yes

yes

1.Thank you.You have changed my life.2.Do you think Jane has changed a lot? agree yes

yes

I agree with you.panic yes

1.He agreed that he had been thoughtless.2.I agree with you.pass yes

yes

1.The Congress passed the bill.2.He passed by without greeting me.explain yes

yes

1.Let me explain the problem to you.2.Don't get angry with me.I can explain.attend yes

yes

1.You can attend the meeting.2.Please attend to the details.follow yes

yes

1.Do not follow me.2.Whatever I do, he will just follow.Cloze(1)beamed(2)honorable

(3)awkward

(4)protested

(5)complaints

(6)compliments

(7)stubborn

(8)frowned

(9)recall

(10)panicked

(11)insurance

(12)surveyed(13)groaning(14)recognition Translation 1)1.Many teachers frowned on this practice.2.An old man glared at me when I was trying to cut across the lawn.3.When I mentioned my father, she showed a smile of recognition on her face.4.My first born was quite obedient, whereas my younger child was very stubborn.I can still recall now how the younger child insisted on going abroad to study after he finished his secondary school.5.Countries in South East Asia sustained great losses when the tsunami struck the area.6.Every time the mother tries to compare the younger brother with his elder brother, the younger one will protest.7.He found himself unable to fit in with his classmates when he first came to this school.8.The fury on her face terrified me.I dared not say no to her again.9.No wonder you ended up in trouble.You never followed your parents' advice.10.It took him two years to adapt to the new environment.2)我還是個嬰兒的時候，我的父母親搬到了佛蒙特州。我那溫文爾雅的父親在那兒的一個小鎮上毫不張揚地開業行醫了。很快，他就贏得了當地人對他的尊敬。我每到一處，也被人尊稱為埃普利醫生的兒子。一開始我很高興同學和老師們因為我有一個受人尊敬的父親而善待我。但隨著我的長大，事情起了變化。我開始討厭父親的好名聲像影子一樣跟著我。我要獨立。我變得頑固倔強又反叛，還開始對我父親直呼其名，令他傷透了心。但有一天，發生了一件事令我的態度徹底改變了。Theme-related Writing 1.In about 100-120 words, write about a conflict you once had with your parents.You can start with either of the following openings: 1)I was very unhappy with my father the other day.He must have called out to me for help with some housework, but I was so absorbed in reading that I didn't hear him.He stepped into my room, apparently in anger, grabbed my book and threw it on the floor.I got upset and insisted that he should pick it up and apologize to me.When he remained silent, I ran out and went off to play games with my friends in the neighbourhood.When it was turning dark, I saw my father looking around for me.He patted me on the head and walked back home with me, his arm wrapped around my shoulder.When I got home, I saw my book had “returned” to my reading table.(130 words)

2)I was grateful that my mother criticised me the other day.I had been asking her for money to buy all kinds of things that my friends have — a new pair of shoes or some new clothes.Every time I was refused, I played the same trick-threatening to pour the dish she cooked for the family into the river.My mother gave in each time I threatened to do that, but one day, she criticised me really hard.She scolded me for being selfish and inconsiderate and asked me to sit in a corner and reflect on my own behaviour.I couldn't believe my mother would be so angry with me and I grew afraid.I learned a good lesson and changed a lot afterwards.I was thankful that my mother made me realize my mistakes.(139 words)2.Describe your attitude towards your father or mother when you were a teenager.When you could not agree with each other, what did you do? Use an incident from daily life to support the description.My father is a well-known carpenter in my village.I still remember that when I was in my mid-teens, I used to adore him so much that I followed him and helped him make furniture for the other villagers.He not only had good skills, but he was also willing to help the villagers with minor repairs such as mending a broken window frame or fixing a door, without charge.All the villagers respected him.They also paid me compliments when they saw me helping him, saying that I would grow up to become honest and industrious just like my father.I was so proud that I had a father who was so well respected.(116 words)

Unit 3 Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action 1）1.reveals

2.behaving 3.handle 4.influenced 5.satisfied 6.entertain 7.inherit 8.affect 9.confronted 10.sought 11.isolated 12.restrict 13.optimistic 14.selfish 15.sensitive 2）1.summed up 2.have an impact on 3.respond to 4.In general 5.falls into 6.at work 7.shut myself off 8.in control of 9.free from 10.in good shape 3）(1)high-achiever(2)combination

(3)seek

(4)specific(5)restrict(6)vary(7)expand(8)growth(9)company(10)dominate(11)opportunity Increasing Your Word Power 1）1.aggressive, sarcastic, harsh, negative 2.magical, mystical 3.negative, critical 4.magical, outgoing, optimistic 5.intellectual 2）1.Evidently 2.individually 3.absolutely 4.consistently/evidently/absolutely 5.Consequently 6.mentally … physically 7.probably/absolutely 8.eagerly … enthusiastically 9.easily 10.Normally 3）

creative creation create negative negation negate defensive defense defend possessive possession possess submissive submission submit sensitive —

sensitize aggressive aggression creative creation create negative negation negate defensive defense defend possessive possession possess submissive submission submit sensitive

sensitize

Now fill in the blanks in the paragraph below by choosing the appropriate word given in the brackets.Change the form wherever necessary.(1)submissive

(2)aggressive(3)possession(4)created(5)negative(6)defense(7)sensitive Grammar Review Task 1:(1)all(2)many(3)a(4)much(5)some(6)every(7)an(8)any Task 2: Mistakes

Corrections(1)much(L.2)many(2)plenty(L.3)all, many(3)a(L.4)

an(4)any(L.4)

all(5)few(L.6)

little(6)every(L.6)/(7)a(L.8)

/(8)any(L.8)

/(9)little(L.10)few(10)some(L.11)any(11)a(L.12)

some Cloze

(1)indicate(2)responds(3)represent/reflect(4)absolutely(5)preference(6)harsh(7)specific(8)traits(9)individual(10)immature(11)effort(12)persistent(13)achieve(14)inherits Translation 1）1.William likes the girl a lot so he tries very hard to impress her and is optimistic that he will win her heart.2.He is very creative and has a good vision of the future, but he likes to keep things to himself.3.They came from a poor village where people were shut off from modern civilization.4.We must work hard and make an effort to achieve the goals that we have set.5.We should learn to be content with all that we have and should not be too critical about things around us.6.They often represent our school in debating competitions;tonight we will throw a party to celebrate their success.7.Through reading, not only has he expanded his horizon, he has also learned to keep improving his character.8.Two policemen sacrificed their lives in order to save that girl from the fire.9.A stable relationship without conflicts between husband and wife benefits the children in the family.2）雖然有許多關于性格的理論，但是任何一個都沒有絕對地對錯之分，因為每個心理學家對性格的觀點都有所不同。所以，除非某個人已有明顯的癥狀，否則很難斷定這個人患有精神疾病。心理學家普遍認可絕大多數人是因為過度的壓力才引起情感和精神上的疾病。所以重要的是人們要去尋找可以讓自己放松、開心的方法。

Theme Related Writing Write a passage of about 100-120 words according to one of the instructions given below.a.I have been described by many friends as a warm, sociable, and outgoing extravert.I find it easy to make new friends and I enjoy the company of people who share similar characteristics as I.When I am at a party, many people including those I do not know, will talk to me.I am not a great beauty, neither am I rich and intelligent.In fact, I am just a very simple person who is happy and smiles a lot.Maybe being happy is the attraction.I like bright colours, especially red.It is said that people who like red are passionate and have a lot of energy.I agree that I am enthusiastic about many things and like doing many things at the same time.So it seems there is some truth after all in what colours say about a person’s personality.(141words)

b.The person I admire most is my father’s youngest brother.He is known to us as ba shu because he is the eighth son in a family of eleven.He is a high achiever.Since young, he has done well in his studies and work.For example, he received a prestigious scholarship to study at a well-known medical school in England.Today, at the age of 62, he is still as outstanding.He is a well-respected surgeon and has won many awards.What I like most about ba shu is his sensitive nature, especially toward children who are born unlucky.He has volunteered his time and made sacrifices to help those in poor and developing countries.His strong desire to bring happiness to these people has impressed me a lot.(131 words)c.If I were given a wish to have two personality traits, I would choose to be an optimistic and creative person.I would like to be an optimistic person because those who are optimistic are usually satisfied and contented with what they have.They seldom let sadness be a part of their life.I want to be happy and being optimistic is one way to remain happy.I also would like to be creative.I think that creativity is inherited.Some may disagree and say that we can learn to be creative.However, no matter how hard one learns, it is those born with the talent of creativity who will make a great name for themselves like the famous poet Li Bai and the richest man in the world, Bill Gates.(131 words)

d.Here is no one person I dislike most but there are a couple of personality traits that I cannot tolerate: aggressiveness and selfishness.Aggressive people do not consider others’ feelings and will not think twice about hurting even those closest to them.I once had a neighbour who would beat his wife one day and appear loving the next.His wife lived in fear constantly but could do nothing because he was in control of her.Another personality trait I dislike is selfishness.Like aggressive people, selfish people only think of themselves.There are many everyday examples of selfishness such as those not willing to lend things to others and those not wanting to share exam tips even with their best friends.If you know someone with a combination of aggressiveness and selfishness, you should consider whether to call him or her a friend.(143 words)Unit 4 Enhance Your Language Awareness Working With Words and Expressions 1）1.They were smashing windows when the police arrived.2.70,000 tons of oil spilled from the tanker(油輪)and the sea was polluted.3.She volunteered to write an explanation of how the new computer system works.4.The book was inspired by the good deeds(事跡)of a real person.5.It was blowing hard and very soon the tree in front of my house fell with a great crash.6.The police report stated that he was once arrested for theft.7.The Dean(系主任)is not available at the moment, but you may call back in an hour.8.Up to two million people there are dependent on food aid.9.It was most unfortunate that I missed the chance to be interviewed by the company director.10.Can we find a mutually convenient time for us to meet? 2）1.exclaimed 2.arrange 3.aroused 4.resembles 5.volunteered 6.appreciate 7.requires 8.cracked 9.miracle 10.victims11.precious12.delicate 13.expected 14.interviewed 3）1.take over2.get through 3.no way 4.Leave off 5.put it … together 6.in touch with7.No sooner … than 8.in advance 9.looking forward to 10.arrange for11.in contrast 12.took on 13.made sure 14.move in15.in the hands of 16.go with 17.in poverty Increasing your word power.1）1.commission 2.smashed3.smash 4.volunteered 5.spill6.crash 7.contrast 8.commission 9.spilt 10.volunteer 11.contrasts 12.crashed 2）1.e 2.e 3.a 4.a 5.c 6.d 3）1.happy 2.impulsive 3.carelessness4.calmness5.firm 6.illness7.awareness 8.weakness 9.submissive Grammar Review.Task One Task Two 1.No mistake 2.has been living 3.enjoys 4.No mistake 5.tried 6.No mistake 7.No mistake 8.No mistake 9.have been visiting 10.likes 11.had I got 12.had broken 13.No mistake 14.No mistake 15.was suffering 16.No mistake 17.have been receiving 18.No mistake 19.insisted 20.No mistake 21.No mistake Cloze(1)chilly(2)sooner(3)than(4)exclaimed(5)fabric(6)delicate(7)joints(8)that(9)miracle(10)sacrificed(11)precious(12)loving Translation 1）1.Let’s get in touch as soon as we know the results of the test/exam.2.The music aroused an intense feeling of homesickness in him.3.You’ve been working all morning — you deserve a rest now.4.I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang.Or: No sooner had I lain down than the telephone rang.5.My doctor says I’m too tired and has advised me not to take on any more work.6.Jenny volunteered to clear up after the gathering.7.The subject of the talk is announced a week in advance, but the name of the speaker is not.8.Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard — in other words, you failed.9.She was so ill that she had to leave off work..10.There is no way to tell what is going to happen.The case is in the hands of the judge, and all we could do is(to)wait.2)當人們變得很老時，像祖父母或曾祖父母那樣，他們有時不再能夠照顧自己。他們會生病，或者摔倒而折斷股骨，或者他們根本都不記得該如何穿睡衣。有時候雖然有些老人看起來還健康，但是因為他們自己獨居，所以覺得很孤單。這時候全家人要碰個頭，商討一下讓他們日漸衰老的家人去養老院去居住是否是一個較好的辦法，因為在那里他們可以得到更好的照顧。Theme-related Writing 1.Imagine you were Meagan.Write a story about GG and her lost doll.Start the story with: “My GG — that's my great-grandma — lived in Maine many years ago.” My GG — that's my great-grandma — lived in Maine many years ago with her Mom, Dad and four sisters.Life was difficult then, but GG's parents tried their best to make their children happy.One Christmas they gave GG a beautiful doll with an exquisite porcelain face and long brown hair.The eyes of the doll opened and closed vividly.GG loved her doll so much that she played with her for a long time and didn't want to separate with her until it was time for Christmas dinner.GG laid the doll down gently on the hall table.But before long she heard a loud crash — GG's baby sister had pulled her doll off the table and it was smashed into pieces.Though GG's mother tried to put the doll together again, it couldn't be done.The doll was gone for ever.And so was GG's baby sister when she died of pneumonia a few years later.It was a deeply unhappy experience in GG's life.2.Write a short passage of about 100-120 words on the topic: “Living in a Nursing Home: A Plan for the Future?” Living in a Nursing Home: A Plan for the Future? Thanks to medical advances and better living conditions, most of us can live longer.The issue of where we will stay when we get old has become a concern for everyone.I did a survey last week on “Are you willing to go and live in a nursing home when you grow old?” Of the ten people surveyed, seven said “yes.” According to them, living in a nursing home would enable them to meet people of similar ages, get instant medical care, and have their meals and laundry taken care of.The three who don't want to stay in a nursing home think living in a nursing home would make them feel lonely and abandoned on the one hand and would have their privacy intruded upon on the other.Nonetheless, the survey does suggest that more people would be willing to live in a nursing home in the future.(147 words.)Unit 5 Enhance your language awareness Working With Words and Expressions 1)1.When we finally completed our courses, all my classmates gathered together to celebrate.2.I have always wanted to be a psychologist, but a recent incident changed my mind.3.It is not difficult at all.You can get it done with ease.4.To be a good research student, you must have a mind for inquiry.5.I could see her genuine concern for my health and I was deeply touched.6.The boss’s fear of change becomes an obstacle to the progress of the organization.7.Please keep stirring the oil to stop it from getting frozen.8.I am most grateful to you for all the help you have offered us.2)1.senior

2.defined

3.occur

4.options 5.disturbed

6.soak

7.tossed

8.navigate 9.matters

10.depressed 3)1.became well acquainted with

2.took us by surprise

3.gather our thoughts

4.turned out

5.hang up

6.in reality 7.In spite of 8.lit up

9.hemmed and hewed

10.turned into Increasing your word power Increasing your word power.1)1.a 2.e 3.c 4.e

5.b 6.d 7.d 8.b 2)1.covered

2.fears 3.covers 4.attack 5.fears 6.attacks 7.visits, visited 8.touched 9.chat 10.touch 11.match 12.chats 13.match 3)1.astonishment

2.accomplishments

3.have improved

4.appointment

5.excitement

6.advertisements

7.developments

8.argue

9.enjoyed

10.encouragement Grammar Review Task 1 1.The action of “studying English” occurred before “I went to the US”.2.“They never met an American” —this was a fact that remained till they met John.3.“We had the car for ten years” —this happened earlier before the car broke down.4.The action “Kathy’s picking up the tickets” occurred before “I arrived at the theatre”.5.Your promise was made before Jane got unhappy with you.Task 2(1)I saw the door open(2)the office had been broken into

(3)quite a few things had been stolen(4)had already come back to the office(5)the 200 dollars he had locked in his drawer was gone(6)had just bought

(7)A few computers in the office had been stolen Cloze

(1)recent

(2)surprise(3)sad

(4)keeping(5)disturbing

(6)inquiries

(7)admitted

(8)occurred

(9)surgery

(10)options(11)tightly

(12)soaking

(13)scent

(14)gatherings Translation 1)1.We are good friends;however, he kept such an important matter from me, which took me by surprise.2.It doesn’t matter if you can not get full marks for the exam;what matters is not to lose confidence in yourself.3.He chatted with me last night and reassured me that the disease was not hard to cure and that nobody had ever died of it.4.She was determined to overcome all the obstacles in her life with a will of iron.5.It turned out that he had already received my money, but did not acknowledge the receipt of it on purpose.This really drove me crazy.6.He is a shy and silent boy.Before he went onto the stage to share his experiences, he sat quietly in a corner of the auditorium, gathering his thoughts.7.He admitted on the spot that he would go overseas for further study as he believed overseas education would open the door to his future research.8.Mary’s uncle’s face lit up when he saw his niece had turned into a pretty young lady in just a few years.2)我回去看我外婆的時候,她非常高興地看到我已長成一個健壯的小伙子。我們一起聊天，回憶我小時候的一些事情。談到一半的時候，外婆突然嘆了一口氣說，“大概以后再也見不到你了。”她的話使我震驚得拱起了眉頭，不明白她為什么說出這么令人不安的話來。我們靜靜地坐了一會兒，外婆的眼里噙滿淚水。她終于告訴我說，醫生診斷出她得了嚴重的心臟病，已經發作了好幾次，也一直在治療，但情況一點也沒有進展。我怪外婆一直把這壞消息瞞著我，并告訴她一定會有辦法醫治的，她卻搖頭否認。我伸出雙臂抱著外婆，多么希望我們能在一起度過更多的時間。Theme-related Writing ?Task One: One afternoon, I was wandering along the main street of our small town with a friend.Suddenly I saw my mother.She was behaving very strangely.She looked around her before going quickly into a shop.When she came out, she had a box in her hand.I was terrified.I knew some of my villagers resorted to theft because they were poor.The thought that my mother could be one of them drove me crazy.I was determined to find out the truth from her.When I questioned her, tears filled her eyes.She told me she was collecting beer cans from some kind shop owners who offered them to her, but would feel embarrassed if she was seen by others.I cried and hugged her and felt sorry that I had misunderstood my own mother.(136 words)Task Two: My parents differ greatly in showing their love for me.While my mother appears more anxious and depressed if anything goes wrong with me, my father tends to be silent and expresses his concern for me mainly through actions rather than words.I still remember the day when I left home for university.When my mother was in tears and kept giving me endless advice, my father remained silent.But when he saw an ice-cream man on the platform, he rushed towards him and got me an ice-cream just before the train started to move.I learned from my mother later that father locked himself up in his room after returning home and cried for the first time in his life.I never expected that my departure would trigger such an emotional response from my father.(134 words)Unit 6 Enhance your language Awareness Words in Action Working with words and expressions 1)1.Every year before Christmas, we decorate our house with colourful lights.2.Mother scolded John for not taking good care of his younger brother when she went out.3.When I was attacked, I quickly picked up a stick to defend myself.4.Please don't interrupt — wait until I have finished what I have to say.5.The mother embraced her son warmly as soon as he came in.6.Paper, printing, the compass, and gunpowder are celebrated in Chinese culture as the Four Great Inventions of ancient China.7.I don't understand why a young and pretty girl like her is always wearing dresses of such a dull colour.8.You have written a very good paper.I only made a few minor changes.9.We supply free textbooks for school children in the countryside.10.They were discussing all the options, but found none of them was entirely satisfactory.11.The mere presence of a policeman made the thief nervous and he turned to run away.12.Richards was obviously disappointed at being left out of the team.2)1.delivered

2.released

3.permission

4.rented

5.miserable 6.exploded

7.pressed 8.motion

9.barely

10.enthusiasm 11.knelt 12.request

13.policy

14.necessities 3)1.go wrong

2.broke down 3.on my way to

4.by himself

5.in time

6.set the stage for

7.set out for

8.make fun of

9.pleaded for

10.in disbelief Increasing your word power 1)1.specialized 2.large 3.eat 4.go 5.sociable 6.wide 2)1.sternly 2.miserably 3.cheerfully

4.carelessly 5.tiny

6.irregular

7.unsatisfactory

8.occupied

9.boring / dull

10.traditional 3)1.slapped

2.present

3.lit

4.whispered

5.slap

6.presented

7.ordered

8.light

9.listed

10.motioned

11.supply 12.order

13.list 14.supply 15.motion 16.wonder 17.whispers 18.wondering 4)1.personality … sensitivity … loyalty

2.frailty

3.complexity

4.Mutuality

5.stupidity

6.regularity

7.reality

8.specialty / speciality Grammar Review Task one Task two 1.It is much colder in winter in Beijing than in Shanghai.It is colder in winter in Shanghai than in Guangzhou.Of all the three cities, Shanghai has the largest population, etc.2.Among the three sports, I like football the best.Surfing also sounds interesting, but it takes a lot more training to be able to do it than the other two sports.3.I know Lu Xun better than the other writers.Lu Xun is one of the most famous writers in China and he is a modern writer.Shakespeare is famous, but I think his plays are the most difficult to read.4.I think Gone with the Wind is very interesting, but it is the longest movie among the three.The Sound of Music is the lightest among the three and I like it much more than I do The Pianist.5.Peking University and Tsinghua University are the two most famous universities in China.They are also among the best universities in the world.As far as I know, Peking University is better known for its arts courses and Tsinghua is better known for its science courses.Cloze(1)supplies

(2)fun

(3)permission

(4)necessities

(5)rundown

(6)decorated

(7)straight

(8)item

(9)overwhelmed

(10)embraced Translation 1)1.Straighten up!Your feet should keep time to the rhythm of the music.2.She slipped a note into his hand.He was very unhappy after reading it, as he thought that she was making fun of him.3.The thief pleaded for our mercy when he was caught.He said he had stolen the food because his mother was starving to death and there was barely any food left in the house.4.They have made a request for more electricity supplies, which we should satisfy in order to release them from the pressure they are under.5.They made the rounds with the wine bottle;each took a gulp and then they set out for the forest.6.My TV set broke down;I have ordered a new one online and the shop is going to have it delivered to the door.7.His words made everyone unhappy and stop eating.After a while, they resumed eating, but they all looked as if something was weighing on their minds.8.We stared at him in disbelief, astonished that someone as gentle as he is could interrupt us so rudely.2)去年圣誕節除夕，我們的旅途諸多不順。當我們住進尼斯一家骯臟而昏暗的旅館時，我們的心中已無任何圣誕節的感覺可言。我們進入一家看上去很乏味的飯館吃飯?時，情況一點也沒有好轉。但是,在這沉悶飯館中度過的不愉快的夜晚最后卻變成我們所度過的最好的圣誕前夜，這一切都是因為那個充滿了圣誕精神的美國水手。他將我們心中被憤怒和失望壓抑的愛和歡樂釋放出來。他帶給了我們圣誕節。Theme-related Writing a.I like Christmas because the festive atmosphere created by the occasion is so overwhelming.You can see pretty seasonal decorations everywhere, Christmas lights, flowers, and pictures of Father Christmas with a smiling face.You may even meet a “real” Father Christmas on the street busy handing out candies to kids.The atmosphere does lift everybody's spirits, since joy and excitement seem to be contagious.Everyone around us looks happier and is more patient with each other during the festive season.We send each other Christmas greetings and give Christmas gifts to our friends and relatives.Even friends who have not been in constant touch also “appear” again at this time to send their regards.(113words)b.I do not like Christmas because today's Christmas has been entirely commercialized.Shops try all sorts of tricks to attract customers, by putting up fanciful Christmas decorations, by offering seasonal discounts and even by asking somebody to play Father Christmas to give out gifts.Behind all the smiles and the beautiful decorations, I do not see genuine care or a spirit of giving;I only see one word, which is “profit”.Everybody does Christmas shopping at this time to get Christmas gifts for their family members or friends.As for me, I believe it is more important to show care and concern for my family members and friends all year round than just give them a “once a year” Christmas gift.(121 words)Unit 7 Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action Working with Words and Expressions 1)1.The more complaints a person makes, the less happy he or she is.2.Good health is vital for getting the best out of life and achieving your full potential.3.He deserted his wife and children and went abroad.4.He likes taking time off from his busy life and coming into contact with nature.5.The doctor says that she is not mentally sound.6.In many parts of the world it is not acceptable and even illegal for people under 18 to smoke.7.His speech made a deep impression on all of us.8.In different stages of our life, we encounter different kinds of problems.9.If you need any assistance , please let me know and I’ll be more than happy to help.10.Some people tend to blame others for what they themselves have done wrong.11.Children’s education is becoming too heavy a burden for many families to bear these days.12.I can’t endure to see/ endure seeing animals suffer like that.13.Davis was one of the most significant musicians of the last century.2)1.facilitate 2.tends 3.hurt

4.ensure 5.blessed

6.trembled

7.curiously 8.failure 9.invention 3)1.by no means

2.take it for granted

3.contribute to

4.at his disposal

5.resort to

6.take into account

7.arise from

8.has given rise to

9.switched off

10.deal with

11.breezed through

12.had gone by 13.To my surprise 14.carried away 15.come into play

16.In my view Increasing Your Word Power 1)1.jumps / jumped 2.respond 3.career 4.required 5.arise 6.assisted 7.affected 8.deserted 9.serious 10.rare 11.scolded 12.significant 13.physiological 2)get back(something lost)

尋回、取回、恢復 become well;regain a former position 康復；復元；恢復 3)ADJECTIVES NOUNS personal

personality technological technology natural

nature national

nation medical

medicine emotional emotion social

society intellectual intellect critical

critic magical

magic occasional occasion hysterical

hysteria/hysteric essential

essence trivial

trivia traditional tradition psychological psychology Now fill in the blanks with an appropriate word chosen from the words given in the brackets.1.technological … technology 2.essence … essential

3.personal … person 4.hysterical … hysteria traditional … tradition Grammar Review Task 1 1.[The main reason — 8.;to the lecture — 9.;the most famous living poet — 6.]

2.[the class — 11.]

3.[a wonderful story — 1.or 3.;The beginning — 8.;the turn — 8.;the century — 9.]

4.[The moon — 5.;the trail — 9.]

5.[the talk — 8.;the situation — 8.]

6.[the table/a table — 8.1.;the hall — 9.]

7.[an English-Chinese dictionary — 3.]

8.[the first book — 7.]

9.[a house — 3.;The house — 4.]

10.[the rich — 10.;the plane — 12.;the poor — 10.;the train — 12.] Task 2

5.1.a.There are many music schools in Beijing and Xiao Ming is studying at one of them.b.There is only one music school in my hometown and Xiao Ming is studying at that school.2.a.Bill met a French student(unknown to the listener)on the train(known to both the listener and the speaker).b.Bill met the French student(known to both the listener and the speaker)on a train(unknown to the listener).3.a.Dogs are in general a better companion than cats.b.This dog(known to both the listener and the speaker)is a better companion than this cat(known to both the listener and the speaker).Alternatively, and rather formally, this may refer to dogs and cats in general, as with 3a above.4.a.John wrote a very interesting composition.b.John wrote the most interesting composition(probably in his class).5.a.The police stopped one car(unknown to the listener)at the corner.b.The police stopped the car(known to both the listener and the speaker)at the corner.6.a.Has he ever been hospitalised? b.Has he ever been in this hospital for treatment or, more generally, been on its premises(建筑物)?

7.a.Zhang Dawei, the contemporary Chinese novelist(known to the listener and well-known), has also written a number of popular songs.b.Zhang Dawei, a contemporary Chinese novelist(unknown to the audience), has also written a number of popular songs.8.a.Wang Kewei became a college student with the highest total score in her province.b.Wang Kewei entered the college premises(建筑物)to ask about courses.Task 3 1.the d 2.a f 3.the e 4.the b 5.the c 6.a a 7.a j 8.the g 9.the h 10.an i Cloze(1)

vital(2)

blessed(3)

technological(4)

facilitate(5)

factors(6)

tend(7)

rate(8)

uncommon(9)

unconsciously(10)ensure(11)burden(12)Concentration(13)range(14)switch Translation 1)1.Whenever we start a new job, there are bound to be a lot of things we may not be familiar with.2.This new medicine/drug has successfully been used on animals, but this doesn’t mean that it can be applied to humans.3.His failure to win the first prize in the speech competition is largely due to his lack of confidence.4.To the general public, depression can be easily confused with stress, as it may be a response to some types of stress.5.It is becoming increasingly difficult for world food production to keep pace with the continuing growth of the world’s population.6.To successfully get a job, a lot of factors need to come into play, including your skills, diploma and work experience.2)回應式聆聽的關鍵是要能夠不加論斷地聆聽，即為理解而聽，而不是為達成一致而聽。我們如何可以成為更專心及回應式的聽眾呢？過程是這樣的。坐在說話人的對?面，身體放松，注意力集中。讓說話人開始講述他正經歷或想要分享的情感或具體的想法。對言語或非言語的信息都要注意。當說話人說完四、五句話的時候，打斷說話?人，說，“讓我看看我有沒有聽明白你的話。”然后，用你自己的話重復你剛才所聽到的信息或感受的情感：“你剛才說??”，“你的感覺是??”，“我說得對嗎？”如果說話人說不對，則要求說話人澄清一下他沒聽明白或聽錯的部分。當你們兩個都明白后，說話人就可以繼續說下面幾句話，回應的過程又重新開始。記住：說話人和聽話人的目的都是為了理解，而不是達成一致。Theme-related Writing a.One of my teachers in my high school was an Australian teacher.Always smartly dressed with a shirt and tie, he was a very kind person and would go all the way to help others.Once I needed a book to study which was not available in China, so I asked him for help.He bought it in Australia and sent it to me immediately.I also learned another incident which I can never forget.One year, he came back to China on a business trip and was asked by many Chinese parents to take some luggage to their children studying in Australia.The luggage he was asked to take was so heavy that he got fined 20,000 Hong Kong dollars at the airport.From this Australian teacher, I have come to realize what selfless love is all about.(141words)b.I think I am an easy-going person and get along with my fellow students really well.I get along particularly well with my roommates, who share the same dormitory with me.We often play poker together and laugh and joke together.Once in a while we need to clean up our dormitory in order to win the award for the cleanest dormitory in the whole grade.Whenever we need to do that, we really work as a team and help one another in doing the best job we can.Though we still haven’t won such an award yet, the kind of collaboration between us during the big cleaning activity really helps to strengthen our existing strong friendship.I am sure I will cherish my relationship with my fellow students and especially with my roommates in the years to come.(139 words)c.I live in a big family of three children, with one elder brother and one younger sister.I get along well with them all and in particular with my elder brother.During our childhood years, my brother and I needed to do a lot of household chores together, looking after the cattle on the hill and collecting firewood in bushy mountains far away from home.Though only four years older than me, he would always try to protect me and help me when I was unable to cope with my part of the work.Sometimes we also fought with each other.But every time I cried after the fighting, my parents would scold him or even give him a good beating, for which I would laugh silently and secretly.Of course, we never fight with each other any more.(139 words)

第五篇：全新版大學英語 綜合教程1 課后翻譯及答案

《全新版大學英語綜合教程1 課后翻譯及答案》

Unit 1 Growing Up 為自己而寫 ——拉塞爾·貝克

從孩提時代，我還住在貝爾維爾時，我的腦子里就斷斷續續地轉著當作家的念頭，但直等到我高中三年級，這一想法才有了實現的可能。在這之前，我對所有跟英文課沾邊的事都感到膩味。我覺得英文語法枯燥難懂。我痛恨那些長而乏味的段落寫作，老師讀著受累，我寫著痛苦。弗利格爾先生接我們的高三英文課時，我就準備著在這門最最單調乏味的課上再熬上沉悶的一年。弗利格爾先生在學生中以其說話干巴和激勵學生無術而出名。據說他拘謹刻板，完全落后于時代。我看他有六七十歲了，古板之極。他戴著古板的毫無裝飾的眼鏡，微微卷曲的頭發剪得筆齊，梳得紋絲不亂。他身穿古板的套裝，領帶端端正正地頂著白襯衣的領扣。他長著古板的尖下巴，古板的直鼻梁，說起話來一本正經，字斟句酌，彬彬有禮，活脫脫一個滑稽的老古董。

我作好準備，打算在弗利格爾先生的班上一無所獲地混上一年，不少日子過去了，還真不出所料。后半學期我們學寫隨筆小品文。弗利格爾先生發下一張家庭作業紙，出了不少題目供我們選擇。像“暑假二三事”那樣傻乎乎的題目倒是一個也沒有，但絕大多數一樣乏味。我把作文題帶回家，一直沒寫，直到要交作業的前一天晚上。我躺在沙發上，最終不得不面對這一討厭的功課，便從筆記本里抽出作文題目單粗粗一看。我的目光落在“吃意大利細面條的藝術”這個題目上。這個題目在我腦海里喚起了一連串不同尋常的圖像。貝爾維爾之夜的清晰的回憶如潮水一般涌來，當時，我們大家一起圍坐在晚餐桌旁——艾倫舅舅、我母親、查理舅舅、多麗絲、哈爾舅舅——帕特舅媽晚飯做的是意大利細面條。那時意大利細面條還是很少聽說的異國食品。多麗絲和我都還從來沒吃過，在座的大人也是經驗不足，沒有一個吃起來得心應手的。艾倫舅舅家詼諧有趣的場景全都重現在我的腦海中，我回想起來，當晚我們笑作一團，爭論著該如何地把面條從盤子上送到嘴里才算合乎禮儀。

突然我就想描述那一切，描述當時那種溫馨美好的氣氛，但我把它寫下來僅僅是想自得其樂，而不是為弗利格爾先生而寫。那是我想重新捕捉并珍藏在心中的一個時刻。我想重溫那個夜晚的愉快。然而，照我希望的那樣去寫，就會違反我在學校里學的正式作文的種種法則，弗利格爾先生也肯定會打它一個不及格。沒關系。等我為自己寫好了之后，我可以再為弗利格爾先生寫點什么別的東西。

等我寫完時已是半夜時分，再沒時間為弗利格爾先生寫一篇循規蹈矩、像模像樣的文章了。第二天上午，我別無選擇，只好把我為自己而寫的貝爾維爾晚餐的故事交了上去。兩天后弗利格爾先生發還批改過的作文，他把別人的都發了，就是沒有我的。我正準備著遵命一放學就去弗利格爾先生那兒挨訓，卻看見他從桌上拿起我的作文，敲了敲桌子讓大家注意聽。

“好了，孩子們，”他說。“我要給你們念一篇小品文。文章的題目是：吃意大利細面條的藝術。” 于是他開始念了。是我寫的！他給全班大聲念我寫的文章。更不可思議的是，全班同學都在聽著他念，而且聽得很專心。有人笑出聲來，接著全班都笑了，不是輕蔑嘲弄，而是樂乎乎地開懷大笑。就連弗利格爾先生也停頓了兩三次，好抑制他那一絲拘謹的微笑。

我盡力不流露出得意的心情，但是看到我寫的文章竟然能使別人大笑，我真是心花怒放。就在十一年級，可謂是最后的時刻，我找到了一個今生想做的事。這是我整個求學生涯中最幸福的一刻。弗利格爾先生念完后說道：“瞧，孩子們，這就是小品文，懂了沒有。這才是——知道嗎——這才是小品文的精髓，知道了沒有。祝賀你，貝克先生。”他這番話使我沉浸在十全十美的幸福之中。Language Focus Vocabulary Ⅰ.1.respectable

2.Agony

3.put…down

4.sequence

5.Hold back

6.Distribute

7.Off and on

8.vivid

9.associate

10.Finally

11.turn in

12.tackle 2).1.has been assigned to the newspaper‘s Paris office.2.was so extraordinary that I didn‘t know whether to believe him or not.3.a clear image of how she would look in twenty years‘ time.4.gave the command the soldiers opened fire.5.buying bikes we‘ll keep turning them out.3).1.reputation, rigid, to inspire 2.and tedious, What‘s more, out of date ideas

3.compose, career, avoid showing, hardly hold back Ⅱ.1.composed

2.Severe

3.Agony

4.Extraordinary

5.Recall

6.Command

7.was violating

8.anticipate

Ⅲ.1.at

2.For 3.Of

4.With 5.as

6.about 7.To

8.in,in

9.From

10.on/upon

Comprehensive Exercises Ⅰ.Cloze 1.1.Hold back

2.tedious

3.scanned

4.recall

5.vivid

6.Off and on

7.Turn out/in

8.career

1.last

2.surprise

3.pulled 4.blowing

5.dressed

6.scene

7.extraordinary

8.image

9.turn

10.excitement

Ⅱ.Translation 1.1.As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to.2.His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3.Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4.It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company‘s safety rules./Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company‘s safety rules.5.It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage./The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.2.Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident.For a time, she didn‘t know how to face up to the fact that she would never(be able to)walk again.One day, while scanning(through)some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story.It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer.Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life.Unit 2 Friendship

出租車司機擁有的就剩一封信

——福斯特·弗克洛

他準是完全沉浸在所讀的東西里了，因為我不得不敲擋風玻璃來引起他的注意。

他總算抬頭看我了。―你出車嗎？‖我問道。他點點頭，當我坐進后座時，他抱歉地說：―對不起，我在讀一封信。‖聽上去他像是得了感冒什么的。

―我不著急，‖我對他說，―你接著把信讀完吧。‖

他搖了搖頭。―我已經讀了好幾遍了。我想我都能背出來了。‖

―家書抵萬金啊，‖我說。―至少對我來說是這樣，因為我老是在外旅行。‖我估量他有六七十歲了，便猜測說：―是孩子還是孫子寫來的？‖ ―不是家里人，‖他回答說。―不過，‖ 他接著說，―想起來，也可以算是一家人了。埃德老伙計是我最老的朋友了。實際上，過去我倆總是以?老朋友‘相稱的——就是說，當我倆相見時。我這人就是不大會寫東西。‖

―我看大家寫信都不那么勤快，‖我說，―我自己筆頭就很懶。我看，你認識他挺久了吧？‖

―差不多認識了一輩子了。我倆小時候就一起玩，所以我倆的友誼確實很長了。‖

―一起上的學？‖

―都一起上到高中呢。事實上，我倆從小學到高中都在一個班里。‖

―保持這么長久友誼的人可真不多見啊，‖我說。

―其實呢，‖司機接著說，―近25到30年來，我跟他一年只見一兩次面，因為我從原來住的街區搬了出來，聯系自然就少了，雖說你一直放在心上。他在的時候可真是個大好人。‖

―你剛才說他?在的時候‘。你是說—— ？‖

他點了點頭。―前幾個星期過世啦。‖

―真遺憾，‖我說，―失去朋友真不是個滋味，失去個真正的老朋友更讓人受不了。‖ 他開著車，沒有接話兒。我們沉默了幾分鐘。可我知道他還在想著老埃德。他又開口時，與其說是跟我說話，還不如說是自言自語：―我真該一直保持聯系。真的，‖他重復道，―我真該一直保持聯系。‖

―是啊，‖我表示贊同，―我們都該與老朋友保持更多的聯系。不過總是有事情冒出來，好像就是抽不出空來。‖

他聳了聳肩。―我們過去總能抽出空來，‖他說。―信里還提到呢。‖他把信遞給我，―你看看吧。‖

―謝謝你，‖我說，―不過我不想讀你的信。這純屬私事。‖

司機聳一聳肩。―老埃德人都死了。沒什么私事不私事了。看吧，‖他催促說。

信是用鉛筆寫的。稱呼寫著―老朋友‖，而開頭第一句話讓我想到自己。―早就想寫信了，可就是一拖再拖。‖ 信里接著寫道，他常常回想從前兩人住在一個街區時的快樂時光。信里提到些事，可能對司機很重要，比如―那次蒂姆·謝打破窗子，那年萬圣節前夕，我們把老帕克先生的大門拴了起來，還有卡爾弗太太老是在放學后把咱倆留下訓斥的那陣子‖。

―你們倆準是在一起度過了不少時光，‖ 我對他說。

―就跟信里寫的那樣，‖他回答說，―我倆在那個時候能花的只有時間。‖他搖頭嘆道：―時間啊。‖ 信里接下來的那段我覺得有點凄涼：―信的開頭我寫著?老朋友‘，因為這么多年來，我們這對老朋友漸漸都老了。我們這些人當中留下的也不多了。‖

―你要知道，‖我對他說，―信里說我們這些人當中留下的不多了，說得一點不錯。比如說，每次我去參加老同學聚會，來的人總是越來越少。‖

―時間不饒人啊，‖司機說。

―你們倆以前在一起工作嗎？‖我問他。

―不，不過沒成家時我倆總在一起閑蕩。后來，兩人都成了家，就不時相互串門。可最近這二三十年來，主要就是寄寄圣誕卡了。當然，我倆都總在卡上寫幾句——通常是關于各自家里的情況，不是嗎，孩子們在干些什么，誰搬到哪兒，添了個小孫子，都是這類事——可一直都沒正兒八經地寫過信什么的。‖

―這一處寫得好，‖我說，―這里寫道： ?你多年的友誼對我非常重要，遠比我能說出來的重要得多，因為我不擅長說這樣的話。‘‖我頷首稱是。―這話準讓你聽著開心，是吧？‖

司機說了句什么，可我沒聽明白，因為他似乎哽噎得厲害。于是我接著說：―我也真想收到這樣一封老朋友的來信。‖

我們快到目的地了，于是我跳到最后一段。―因此我想你一定想知道我惦記著你。‖信末署名： ―老朋友湯姆‖。

我們在我的旅店前停下，我把信遞了回去。―很高興能和你聊聊，‖我將衣箱從車上提下時說。湯姆？信的署名是湯姆？

―我記得你朋友叫埃德，‖我說，―為什么他署名湯姆呢？‖

―這封信不是湯姆寫給我的，‖他解釋說，―我是湯姆。這是我在得知他去世前寫給他的信。所以我一直沒寄出。‖

他神情有點悲傷，似乎想看清遠處什么東西。―我想我真該早些寫這封信。‖

我進了旅館房間之后，沒有馬上打開箱包。首先我得寫封信——而且要寄出去。

Unit 3

公眾科學觀 ——斯蒂芬·霍金

無論我們是否愿意，我們生活的世界在過去一百年間已經變化了許多，而且在未來的一百年里可能變化更多。有人想中止這種種變化，回到那個他們認為更純潔更樸素的時代。但正如歷史所表明的，過去并非那么美妙。過去對享有特權的少數人不算太糟，但即便他們也無從享受現代醫療，而生育對婦女來說風險極大。對占人口大多數的民眾而言，生活是艱難、殘忍而又短暫的。

不管怎樣，即使有人想這么做，他也無法將時鐘撥回到早先的時代。知識與技術不可能說忘就忘了。也沒有人能阻止未來的進一步發展。即使所有用于研究的政府資金都被取消（現政府最擅此事），競爭的力量仍將繼續帶來技術的發展。更何況，沒有人能阻止探究求索之士去思索基礎科學，無論他們是否會為此得到酬勞。惟一能阻止進一步發展的辦法或許是一個壓制任何新事物的全球政府，但人類的進取心與創造力如此旺盛，即便這個政府也不會成功。它所能做到的只是延緩變化的速度。

如果我們承認，我們無法阻止科學技術改變我們的世界，我們至少可以努力確保科技帶來的變化方向正確。在一個民主社會里，這意味著公眾需要對科學有一個基本的了解，從而可以作出明達的決定，而不是把決定留給專家去作。目前，公眾對科學存有矛盾之心。公眾期望科技新發展帶來的生活水準的穩定提高能繼續，但又懷疑科學，因為他們不懂科學。那個在實驗室里設法制造弗蘭肯斯泰因的瘋狂的科學家的卡通人物清楚地體現了公眾的這種懷疑。這也是人們之所以支持各種綠色組織的一個重要因素。但公眾同時也對科學深感興趣，尤其是對天文學，諸如《夜空》之類的電視系列節目觀眾不少以及科幻小說讀者甚多就是明證。

怎么樣才能利用這種興趣，向公眾提供所需要的科學知識，以便其在酸雨、溫室效應、核武器以及基因工程等問題上作出明達的決定呢？顯然，必須把基礎建立在學校課程上。但在學校里，科學往往被教得枯燥乏味。孩子們死記硬背應付考試，他們看不出科學與他們的周圍世界的聯系。更有甚者，科學常常是用公式來教的。雖然公式是闡述數學概念的一種簡單而精確的方式，它們卻使大多數人望而生畏。前不久我寫了一本通俗讀物，當時有人告誡我說，我每使用一個公式就會使銷量減半。我只使用了一個公式，即愛因斯坦那個著名的公式，E=mc2。如果不用這個公式的話，也許我能多賣出一倍的書。

科學家和工程師傾向于用公式闡述觀點，因為他們需要知道量的精確值。但對我們其余的人來說，對科學概念有個質的認識就已足夠，這可以用文字和圖表來表述，大可不必使用公式。

人們在學校學到的科學知識可以提供一個基本的框架。但如今科學進步的速度如此之快，一個人離開學校或大學后新的發展層出不窮。我在學校從未學過分子生物學或晶體管，但基因工程和計算機是極有可能改變我們未來生活的兩項發展。有關科學的通俗讀物和雜志文章能幫助人們了解新發展，但即使是最暢銷的科普讀物也只有一小部分人閱讀。只有電視能贏得真正廣大的觀眾。電視上有一些相當優秀的科學節目，但其他的節目把科學奇跡簡單地作為魔術播出，既不加以說明，也不展現它們與科學觀念的整體框架的關系。電視科學節目的制片人應該認識到，他們負有教育民眾的重任，而不僅僅是為他們提供娛樂。

當今世界充滿危險，因此就有了那個令人毛骨悚然的玩笑，說我們尚未受到外星文明造訪的原因在于：但凡文明發展到我們目前的程度，它們往往就自我毀滅了。然而我對公眾的明智充滿信心，因而相信，我們將證明這一說法是錯誤的。"

I Vocabulary 1

1)brief 2)in terms of 3)cut off 4)tend

5)anyway 6)precise 7)in the form of 8)initiative

9)convey 10)in two minds 11)concept 12)grasp 2

1)has ensured their team a place in the Cup final.2)medical workers‘ responsibility to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.3)entertain as well as educate the learner.4)can do without air and water.5)is likely to be held in June.3

1)lies in contact between

2)basis of is likely sufficient at the moment 3)the steady will be highly

II Word Formation regained 2 undecided 3 undersupplied 4 disabled precondition 6 foresight 7 mispronounced 8 enrich

IIIAntonyms

1)majority 2)accpeted 3)increased 4)weaknesses

5)local 6)late 7)wrong 8)false

Comprehensive exercises

I Close

1.Text-related

1)highly 2)bring about 3)evident 4)rate 5)sufficient

6)put across 7)proportion 8)Hence 9)ensure

2.Theme-related

1)understand 2)travel 3)practical 4)use 5)Another

6)likely 7)affect 8)developments 9)supply 10)Someday

II Translation

1)As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2)Competition for these jobs is very tough –we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3)As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economical development.4)The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5)To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.2 It is hard to imagine how our forefathers could do without so many conveniences that modern technology has brought about.Back then only a small proportion of the population enjoyed the comforts of life.The majority didn‘t even have sufficient food, not to speak of/ let alone the privilege of being educated.However, many people blame modern technology for creating so many problems.They want to slow down the rate of progress.But no one can put the clock back.Unit 4

托尼·特里韋索諾的美國夢

——弗雷德里克·C· 克羅弗德

他來自意大利羅馬以南某地一個多巖石的農莊。他什么時候怎么到美國的，我不清楚。不過，有天晚上，我看到他站在我家車庫后面的車道上。他身高五英尺七、八左右，人很瘦。

―我割你的草坪，‖他說。他那結結巴巴的英語很難聽懂。我問他叫什么名字。―托尼·特里韋索諾，‖他回答說，―我割你的草坪。‖我對托尼講，本人雇不起園丁。

―我割你的草坪，‖他又說道，隨后便走開了。我走進屋子，心里有點不快。沒錯，眼下這大蕭條的日子是不好過，可我怎么能把一個上門求助的人就這么打發走呢？

等我第二天晚上下班回到家，草坪已修整過了，花園除了草，人行道也清掃過了。我便問太太是怎么回事。

―有個人把割草機從汽車庫里推出來就在院子里忙活起來，‖她回答說，―我還以為是你雇他來的。‖

我就把前晚的事跟她說了。我倆都覺得奇怪，他怎么沒提出要工錢。

接下來的兩天挺忙，我把托尼的事給忘了。我們在盡力重整業務，要讓一部分工人回廠里來。但在星期五，回家略微早了些，我又在汽車庫后面看到了托尼。我對他干的活夸獎了幾句。

―我割你的草坪，‖他說。

我設法湊了一小筆微薄的周薪，就這樣托尼每天清掃院子，有什么零活，他都干了。我太太說，但凡有重物要搬或有什么要修理的，他挺派得上用場。夏去秋來，涼風陣陣。―克羅先生，快下雪了，‖有天晚上托尼跟我說，―等冬天到了，你讓我在廠里干掃雪的活。‖

啊，對這種執著與期盼，你又能怎樣呢？自然，托尼得到了廠里的那份活兒。

幾個月過去了。我讓人事部門送上一份報告。他們說托尼干得挺棒。

一天我在汽車庫后面我們以前見面的地方看到了托尼。―我想做學徒，‖他說。

我們有個挺不錯的培訓工人的徒工學校。可我懷疑托尼是否有能力學會看圖紙、用千分尺，是否勝任做精密加工工作。盡管如此，可我怎么能拒絕他呢？

托尼減了薪水當了徒工。幾個月之后，我收到報告，他已從徒工學校畢業，成了熟練磨工。他學會了在千分尺上辨識一百萬分之一英寸，會用鑲嵌著金剛石的工具制作砂輪。我和太太都挺高興，覺得他的事總算有了個令人滿意的結局。

一兩年過去了，我在托尼慣常等我的地方又看到了他。我們聊起了他的工作，接著我問他有什么要求。

―克羅先生，‖他說，―我想買房。‖在小鎮邊上，他看到有房出售，完全是幢破房。我去見一位當銀行家的朋友。―人品貸款你干不干？‖我問。―不干，‖他說，―我們承擔不起。沒門。‖

―哎，等等，‖我應道，―有個人干活勤勉，人品端正，這一點我擔保。他有個好工作。眼下，你從你那塊地上一分錢也得不到。那塊地空在那兒要好多年呢。至少他會付你利息嘛。‖

那位銀行家勉強開了兩千美金抵押貸款，沒要托尼首付就把房子給了他。托尼樂不可支。從那以后，只要我家附近有什么被人扔棄的零星雜物，壞了的屏風啦，五金器具啦，包裝紙板啦，托尼都要收起來拿回家，看他這個樣子真是有意思。

約摸過了兩年，我在我們見面的老地方又看到了托尼。他身子似乎挺直了些，人也見胖了，樣子挺自信。

―克羅先生，我賣房子！‖他得意地說。―我得了八千美金。‖

我非常吃驚。―可是，托尼，沒了房子你住哪兒呢？‖

―克羅先生，我買農莊。‖

我們坐下聊了起來。托尼告訴我說，擁有一個農莊是他的夢想。他喜歡番茄、辣椒以及意大利菜肴中相當重要的其它各種蔬菜。他把在意大利的妻子和兒子、女兒都接來了。他在小鎮周邊到處找，終于找到一處沒人要的一小塊地產，有一幢房，還有間小棚。他正在把家搬到農莊去。又過了一些時候，在一個星期日的下午托尼來了，他穿戴得整整齊齊。和他一起來的還有另一位意大利人。他告訴我，他說服了兒時的伙伴前來美國。托尼為他作經濟擔保。他眼里露出頑皮的神情，對我說，他倆來到他經營的小農莊時，他的朋友驚奇地站住說，―托尼，你是個百萬富翁啦！‖

后來，在戰爭期間，公司里傳出了一個消息。托尼去世了。

我讓公司的人去他家看看，確保各項事宜都得到妥善安置。他們看到農場上長著綠油油的蔬菜，小屋布置得舒適溫馨，院子里有一輛拖拉機，還有一輛不錯的汽車。孩子受過教育，都工作了，托尼身前沒有分文欠債。

托尼去世后，我一直想著他的經歷。他的形象在我心目中越來越高大。最后，我覺得他就和美國那些最大的實業家一樣高大、自豪。

他們都通過同樣的途徑，本著同樣的價值觀和原則獲得了成功：遠見、執著、自制、樂觀、自尊，以及最重要的，正直。

托尼不是從最低一級階梯往上爬的，他是從地下室往上爬的。托尼的事業很小，那些最大的實業家的事業很大。但究其實，兩者的資產負債表完全一樣。惟一的不同是你把小數點點在什么地方。托尼·特里韋索諾來到美國尋求美國夢。但他沒有找到什么美國夢——他為自己創造了一個美國夢。他的全部擁有是一天寶貴的二十四小時，而他一刻也沒有浪費。

Vocabulary

1)wreck 2)balance 3)approaching 4)handle

5)discard 6)Above all 7)diet 8)do with

9)checked on 10)cleaned up 11)weekly 12)principles 2.1)to look for survivors were abandoned after it had been/was determined that all the people in the sunken ship had died.2)was amazed that Bob left a well-paid job travel around the world.3)for a loan has been turned down by many a bank as her business is small and she could provide no guarantee.4)express her thoughts with precision, so people often misunderstand her.5)will weaken our determination to modernize our country in the shortest possible time.3.1)for sale hunting for be amazed by

2)become skilled handle their loans

3)character by calling on he passed away

II Confusable words 1.1)personal 2)personnel

2.1)sometime 2)Sometimes 3)some time 4)sometime

III Euphemism

dehcgabf

Comprehensive Exercises

I Close

1.Text-related

1)sponsored 2)determination 3)turned away 4)assumed 5)capacity

6)skilled 7)loan 8)character 9)hunting 10)for sale 11)send for

2.Theme-related

1)save 2)recent 3)modest 4)grow 5)dream

6)immigrants 7)business 8)engineering 9)invest 10)rich

III Translation 1)It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.2)Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3)Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disaters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4)I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5)Helen lacks confidence.I‘ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.2.After graduating from college, Tony decided to start his own business.At the beginning, many a bank turned down his request for a loan.But he was not a bit discouraged, and continued to call on one banker after another seeking help.Impressed by his determination and optimism, one banker finally agreed to loan him the money.Now he has become a wealthy businessman.Talking about his amazing achievement, Tony says that it is important to create rather than wait for opportunities.Unit 5

愛情故事

——道格·貝爾

約翰·布蘭查德從長凳上站起身來，整了整軍裝，留意著格蘭德中央車站進出的人群。他在尋找一位姑娘，一位佩帶玫瑰的姑娘。他知其心，但不知其貌。十二個月前，在佛羅里達州的一個圖書館，他對她產生了興趣。他從書架上取下一本書，很快便被吸引住了，不是被書的內容，而是被鉛筆寫的眉批。柔和的筆跡顯示出其人多思善慮的心靈和富有洞察力的頭腦。

在書的前頁，他找到了前一位擁有人的姓名，霍利斯·梅奈爾小姐。他花了一番工夫和努力，找到了她的地址。她住在紐約市。他給她寫了一封信介紹自己，并請她回復。第二天他被運往海外，參加第二次世界大戰。

在接下來的一年當中，兩人通過信件來往增進了了解。每一封信都如一顆種子撒入肥沃的心靈之土。浪漫的愛情之花就要綻開。布蘭查德提出要一張照片，可她拒絕了。她解釋道：―如果你對我的感情是真實的，是誠心誠意的，那我的相貌如何并不重要。設想我美麗動人。我將會一直深感不安，惟恐你只是因為我的容貌就貿然與我相愛，而這種愛情令我憎惡。設想本人相貌平平（你得承認，這種可能性更大）。那我一直會擔心，你和我保持通信僅僅是出于孤獨寂寞，無人交談。不，別索要照片。等你到了紐約，你會見到我，到時你可再作定奪。切記，見面后我倆都可以自由決定中止關系或繼續交往——無論你怎么選擇......‖

他從歐洲回國的日子終于到了。他們安排了兩人的第一次見面——晚上七點，紐約格蘭德中央車站。―你會認出我的，‖ 她寫道，―我會在衣襟上戴一朵紅玫瑰。‖于是，晚上七點，他候在車站，尋找一位過去一年里在自己生活中占據了如此特殊地位的姑娘，一位素未謀面，但其文字伴隨著他、始終支撐著他精神的姑娘。

且讓布蘭查德先生告訴你接下來發生的事吧:

一位年輕的姑娘向我走來，她身材頎長纖細。一頭卷曲的金發披在秀美的耳后；眼睛碧藍，如花似玉。她的雙唇和下頜線條柔和，卻又柔中見剛，她身穿淺綠色套裝，猶如春天一般生氣盎然。

我朝她走去，完全忘了去看她有沒有戴玫瑰花。

我走過去時，她雙唇綻開撩人的微笑。

―和我同路嗎，水兵？‖她小聲問道。我情不自禁，再向她走近一步。可就在這時，我看到了霍利斯·梅奈爾。她差不多就站在姑娘的正后面，早已年過四十，灰白的頭發用卡子向上別著，頭上帶著一頂舊帽子。

她體態臃腫，粗圓的腳踝上套著一雙低跟鞋。

穿著綠色套裝的姑娘快步走開了。我覺得自己好像被分成了兩半，一方面熱切地想去追趕她，但另一方面我又渴望那一位以其心靈真誠陪伴我并成為我的精神支柱的女人。

她站在那兒，蒼白的圓臉顯得溫柔理智，灰色的眼睛透出熱情善良。我沒有遲疑。

我手里緊握著那本小小的讓她辨認我的藍色羊皮面舊書。這不會是愛情，但將是某種珍貴的、或許比愛情更美妙的東西，一種我曾經感激，并將永遠感激的友情。

我挺胸站立，敬了個禮，并舉起手中的書好讓那位女士看。不過在我開口說話的時候，失望的痛苦幾乎使我哽咽。―我是約翰·布蘭查德中尉，想必您就是梅奈爾小姐。很高興您來見我。可否請您賞光吃飯？‖

婦女的臉上綻開了笑容。―我不知道是怎么回事，孩子，‖她回答說，―可是剛才走過去的那位穿綠色套裝的姑娘，她央求我把這支玫瑰插在衣服上。她還說，要是你請我吃飯的話，我就告訴你，她就在街對面那個大飯店里等你。她說這是一種考驗！‖

梅奈爾小姐的智慧不難理解，也令人稱奇。心靈的本質是從其對不美的事物的態度中反映出來的。

―告訴我你所愛者是誰，‖何賽寫道，―我就知道你是什么樣的人。‖

Vocabulary I.1

1)monthly 2)acquaintances 3)classic 4)look;in the eye 5)manufactured 6)options 7)finance

8)replacement 9)survived 10)pick out 11)married 12)grabbed at 2.1)survived a car crash that killed both her parents.2)almost embarrassed to death when Sarah read my poem out to the whole class.3)of the Children‘s Hospital will care for the seriously injured pupils.4)several phone calls making inquiries about the position of the Chief Financial Officer.5)straighten out all your financial problems if you join our club.3.1)inquiry;died of hunger;people survied2)Instantly;give up his;retire;replace him;executive 3)his beloved;odd jobs;and all that

II Word Formation

1.embarrassment 2.survivors 3.newly 4.marketable 5.monthly 6.competition 7.conceivable

8.respectable

III.Usage

1.the poor 2.The deceased/The dead 3.the disabled 4.the French 5.The accused 6.the young 7.the unemployed 8.the latter…the former…

Comprehensive Exercises

I.Cloze

1.Text-related

1)died of 2)instantly 3)classic 4)ask around 5)surviving 6)retire 7)executive 8)replacement 9)stock 10)look…in the eye

2.Theme-related

1)impressed 2)diligence 3)Instead 4)Contrary 5)professionally 6)perform 7)personal

8)balance 9)commitment 10)revealed II.Translation 1.1)I‘m not sure where you can find a good carpenter---you‘d better ask around.2)Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3)Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4)As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5)We small retailers can‘t compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.2.My dad is a hard-working executive of a manufacturing firm.He works six days a week.Every day he has to straighten out various kinds of problems so that he often stays up late/nights.However, he tries his best to balance/maintain balance between work and family.On Sundays my dad usually stays at home and cares for us as much as he can.To my greatest joy, he cooks our favorite dished and plays ball with us.Unit 6 Homework

動物到底想些什么

——尤金·林登

多年來，我寫了大量關于動物智能實驗、以及圍繞這些實驗所產生的爭議的文章。動物真的有思想，即我們所說的意識嗎？在考慮是否會有比設計教動物人類手勢語的實驗更好的方式探索動物智能時，我悟出了現在看來是顯而易見的一點：如果動物能思維，它們會在能為自己所用的時候，而不是在科學家讓它們思維的時候作出最佳思維。

于是我開始與獸醫、動物研究人員以及動物園飼養員交談。他們大都不研究動物智能，但他們每天都碰到或碰不到動物智能。他們講述的故事開啟了我相信是研究動物智能的一扇新的窗口：即動物在對付樊籠生活和地球上的主宰物種——人類——時所表現的高超的思維技能。

讓我們做筆交易

請考慮這一情況：哥倫布動物園的一位動物保護主義者查倫·延德里覺察到一頭叫做科洛的雌性大猩猩在玩弄一件可疑的物品。延德里走過去，給了科洛一些花生，卻被翻了個白眼。意識到這是在討價還價，延德里加大了籌碼，又給了一片菠蘿。這時候，科洛一邊望著延德里，一邊攤開手，露出了一根鑰匙鏈。

見不是危險或珍貴物品，延德里松了一口氣，把菠蘿給了考勒。科洛真是個精明的還價者，它把鑰匙鏈拉斷，給了延德里一段，或許在算計著，要是每一小段都能換片菠蘿，我干嘛要全都給她？

如果動物能在以物換物中顯示技能，又何嘗不會在使用錢幣中再露一手？在田納西大學人類學家琳·邁爾斯進行的一項手勢語研究中，有頭名叫夏特克的猩猩就這么做了。夏特克悟出，如果它干些諸如清理房間的事，他就能掙些硬幣，好用來買好吃的，還可以坐邁爾斯的車外出兜風。但這頭猩猩對錢幣的理解似乎遠遠超出了簡單的交易。邁爾斯一開始用塑料片充當硬幣，而夏特克竟認定，它可以把塑料片拗成兩片，以此擴大錢幣供應量。而當邁爾斯改用金屬片時，夏特克找到了一些錫箔，試圖復制。

邁爾斯還試圖教會夏特克一些好習慣，諸如節儉和與人分享。當我在它目前居住的亞特蘭大動物園見到這頭猩猩時，我果然見到它與人分享的一例，足以令任何人羨慕。邁爾斯給了夏特克一些葡萄，要求它與人分享，它很快吃完了所有的葡萄。隨后，它似乎是想起了邁爾斯要它與人分享，便把梗兒遞給了邁爾斯。

鯨魚的故事

動物為什么會愿意與人合作？行為主義者會說，動物認識到合作于己有利時就會這么做。這沒有錯，但我覺得這一解釋尚不充分。

動物行為顧問蓋爾·勞爾說起過她了解的一頭虎鯨奧基。―在我照管過的動物當中，它是最聰明的，‖她說，―它會審時度勢，再根據自己的判斷采取行動。‖

比如有次它救了一個家族成員。奧基的配偶科基生幼鯨時，那條幼鯨一開始情況不妙，飼養員把幼鯨用擔架抬出水糟，實施緊急護理。他們把幼鯨送回水槽時，出了事情。當工人把擔架停在高出水面幾英尺處的時候，幼鯨開始嘔吐。飼養員擔心它會窒息，但他們無法接近幼鯨提供幫助。

奧基顯然看出了問題，它游到擔架下，讓其中一人站在它頭上。這種事從來沒有訓練它做過。然后，奧基用尾部保持平衡，讓飼養員接近，并松開了那條420磅重的幼鯨，以便讓它滑入水中，獲得幫助。

靈長目動物的騙術

有時動物的智能可以從其欺騙的企圖中得以證明。西雅圖伍德蘭公園動物園飼養員海倫·休曼回憶道，一天她從喂食窗口給猩猩梅拉蒂扔了個桔子。梅拉蒂沒有移動身體去接，而是眼睛直視休曼，伸出手來。休曼以為桔子準是滾到一邊拿不到了，就又給了它一個。可當梅拉蒂走開時，休曼卻注意到原來那只桔子就藏在它另一只手里。猩猩園的頭領托溫目睹了這個把戲。第二天，這頭雄猩猩也是眼睛盯著休曼，裝作沒有接到桔子。―你肯定沒拿到嗎？‖休曼問道。它仍直視著她，同時把手伸了出來。她讓步了，又給了它一個，隨后卻看見它把桔子藏在腳下。

智能究竟是什么？如果生命就是講物種的生存——而智能是為了生存——那么我們根本無法與大腦只有豌豆大小的海龜相提并論，海龜早在人類出現很久之前便已存在，并經歷了使恐龍滅絕的重大災難而生存下來。盡管如此，想到除了我們人類，尚有其它物種，即便它們的視野比我們還狹小，卻也能退后一步，清醒地審視周圍的世界，不由人深感寬慰。

Vocabulary Ⅰ

1.1)Fertile

2)Reflected

3)Overseas

4)Slim

5)Split

6)Sustained 7)Glow

8)Thrust

9)Keen

10)Bud

11)Previous

12)Whichever 2.1)The sickly smell of carpets and furniture in the bedroom disgusts me.2)Mary stopped corresponding with Henry after the death of her mother.3)A radio transmitter is best located at an isolated place far from cities.4)I was so absorbed in the game on TV that I didn‘t hear Martin come in.5)The rough surface of the basketball helps players grip the ball.3.1)to broaden;make their way

2)disgusts;take a chance on

3)the grand;and overseas;reflected Ⅱ

1.1)frightened 2)afraid/ frightened

2.1)alike/similar 2)similar

3.1)alive 2)living

4.1)sleeping 2)asleep Ⅲ

1.1)disappointed 2)disappointment 3)disappointing 4)disappoint

5)disappointingly 6)disappointing

2.1)attractive 2)attract 3)attraction 4)attractively 5)unattractively

6)unattractive

Comprehension Exercises ⅠCloze

1.Text-related

1)Identifying 2)gripped 3)margins 4)corresponding 5)overseas 6)little 7)hesitate

8)grateful 9)made my way 10)going my way

2.Theme-related

1)first 2)ring 3)Nor 4)another 5)threw 6)deliberately 7)reasoned 8)himself 9)restaurant 10)matter

ⅡTranslation 1.1)Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.2)Never tell my parents about my injuries and I‘ll be very grateful to you(for it).3)At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.4)The management has/have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.5)It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived.2.Not rich himself, Uncle Li never hesitates to help others.Previous to/Before his retirement, through Project Hope he located the addresses of two country kids who grew up in poor families but had a keen desire to study.From then on he sent them money regularly.Later the two made their way to college, and even got a chance to study overseas.Unit 7

―鐵軌上有孩子！‖

——杰克·墨菲 1989年5月1日，星期一，新澤西州的拉姆齊上午天氣宜人。凱特·普里查德俯身站在車尾行李箱前，費力地收拾著剛買回家的一袋袋食品雜貨。她聽到遠處火車的鳴笛聲。聯合鐵路公司的火車經過的地方離普里查德家不到三百英尺，可在后院與鐵軌之間沒有柵欄，只有一排長得密密的樹木。然而，她的兩個兒子，三歲半的托德和十八個月的斯科特，就在近旁私家車道上玩耍。

―就呆在這兒，‖凱特說，―媽媽去把食品放好，然后我們進屋吃午飯，好嗎？‖

―好！‖托德一面說，一面豎起大拇指，做著他以前看他父親做的這個手勢。

―好！‖斯科特隨聲應和，試著模仿他哥哥的樣子。

他們望著母親提著幾個袋袋走進屋子。

凱特關好冰箱門匆匆走出屋來。還好。兩個孩子正在原地玩耍。

當她從車后行李箱里又提出幾個袋袋時，凱特聽見有一列火車疾駛而過——是特快客車，她根據車速判斷。她又將幾個袋袋拿進屋去。

火車的聲音顯然把兩個孩子的注意吸引到鐵軌上。兩人穿過那排樹木，爬上筆陡的路基，跪在地上玩了起來。往西幾千英尺處，一輛貨車緩緩地朝兩個孩子駛來。頭頂上的燈向司機里奇·坎普納發出信號，指示前面那輛客車已經開走，他們可以每小時40英里的正常速度繼續運行。司機調整了加速器，轉身面對列車員安東尼·法爾佐。安東尼中等身材，長得結結實實，現年35歲，已經為聯合鐵路公司干了差不多十六、七年。

―你周末都干點啥，安東尼？‖

―唉，不干什么。大多是瞎混——看點兒電視，然后睡覺。還能干什么？‖

坎普納笑了。―嘿，你最好悠著點，安東尼——你都快成派對狂了。‖

兩人哈哈大笑。就在他們大笑的時候，正以21英里的時速運行的機車開始加速。

里奇和安東尼在同一瞬間發現火車前方有什么東西。

―那前面是什么？‖司機問道。安東尼沒回答。他目不轉睛盯著前方看，試圖辨識前方鐵軌上那怪形怪狀的東西。是盒子？還是舊衣裳？

猛然間，兩個人都明白過來那是什么東西。里奇用盡全力猛地緊急剎車，并拉響了汽笛。

汽笛嘶鳴，與此同時安東尼大聲嚷道：―鐵軌上有孩子！‖ 安東尼沖出駕駛室，跳到車輪上方六英尺處一條狹窄人行踏板上，接著跑到搖擺的火車頭前。他疾速攀下鐵梯，停在梯子最后一級上，離他腳下飛速掠過的鐵路路基有兩英尺。

現在，他可以清楚地看到兩個孩子，他們正坐在鐵軌旁邊。安東尼拼命揮手示意，并大聲喊叫：―走開！走開！‖

他心里計算著火車的減速速度，痛苦地哼了一聲。我們絕對不可能及時停車的。

托德和斯科特正玩得起勁，沒聽到火車的聲音。最后，當火車轟隆隆駛近時，斯科特抬頭一看，驚呆了。

盡管火車在減速，安東尼知道車速仍比他奔跑的速度快。所以，他強迫自己等待，等到離孩子足夠近的時候，他再一躍而下一把將他們抓住。在孩子與火車頭前的犁雪機鋒利的雪鏟只有約十英尺的時候，安東尼從梯子上縱身向前一躍。他落在鐵軌旁拳頭大小的散石上，使盡力氣才保持住平衡。他跨出兩大步，幾乎就要夠著兩個孩子了。兩個孩子嚇壞了，目瞪口呆地望著他。安東尼縱身躍起，朝他們撲去。

火車汽笛不停地嘶鳴，凱特·普里查德聽著就像是被鐵錘猛擊了一下。―孩子！‖她一聲驚叫，沖出屋門。兩個孩子不見了！

鐵道，她心想。我得去鐵道那兒！安東尼身子砸下地時，他一邊護著托德，一邊伸出一只手臂去抓斯科特，好把他拉離鐵軌。但火車壓了過來。安東尼只見雪鏟的黑色鋼刃擊中幼孩的下巴，將他的頭往后一推，鏟子從他臉上括過。頓時，鮮血從孩子額頭濺出。

車身猛撞安東尼工作服的后背，把尼龍布都撕破了。但安東尼還是把斯科特完全拉到了自己身下。

凱特奔到停下的火車前，首先看到的便是托德。她的大兒子失去控制，在那兒亂蹦亂跳，大聲哭喊。但凱特看出他沒受傷。她抓過他緊緊抱住。隨后她看見第三節車廂下一動不動躺著一個人。只見這人身子下面斯科特的腦袋上黑糊糊一片血污。凱特沖過去。―斯科特！‖她尖聲叫道。

安東尼扭轉身子面對著她。―女士，‖他對她說，聲音很鎮靜，―回家去。叫警察和救護車來。‖凱特沒聽進他的話，伸著手要抱孩子。安東尼又開口了，口氣嚴厲了許多，―夫人，聽著！回家打電話叫警察——叫救護車，快！‖

凱特飛奔回家，打了電話，又通過尋呼機找到她丈夫加里。

第一輛警車到達時，安東尼仍然緊抱著年幼的斯科特。列車員從孩子的哭聲知道他還活著，但斯科特可能有內傷，稍一動彈就有可能加重傷勢。因此安東尼堅持讓急救人員先對孩子進行檢查，然后才放手。真是奇跡，斯科特傷勢不重，只需縫十三針。雪鏟與地面之間只有十四英寸。記者后來問安東尼他在冒生命危險救孩子之前有否猶豫。

―沒有，‖他回答道，―我當時所想到的就是那兩個孩子前頭還有整個人生，如果我不采取行動，他們必死無疑。我決不能讓這樣的悲劇發生。‖

事故發生后不久，安東尼去普里查德家探望。他還記得他用雙臂抱住托德和斯科特并將兩人舉起的情景。―這讓我想起當時在火車底下我護著他們的情景。再一次抱住他們的感覺是奇特的 ——也是美妙的。‖

普里查德夫婦說，自從第一次來探望之后，安東尼幾乎成了他們家庭的一員。他們還說，現在有道柵欄把他們的街坊與鐵軌隔開了。

Content Questions

Pair Work

1.He thinks animals will probably do their best thinking when it serves their own purposes, not when scientists ask them to.2.Because he believes they may encounter animal intelligence in their daily life.3.He regards them as a new window on animal intelligence.4.She wanted to get more pineapple.5.He expanded the money supply by breading chips in two.6.It shows he is clever and sly.He ate up the fruit leaving nothing but stems to share with Miles.7.They say that animals cooperate when they learn it is in their interest to do so.8.The author thinks that what behaviorists say is right, but he doesn‘t think their explanation is satisfactory enough.9.Because Orky was the most intelligent animal she had worked with.10.Corky is a female whale because she is Orky‘s mate and delivered a baby whale.11.Because she thought the orange must have rolled off somewhere inaccessible.12.Towan hid his orange underneath his foot.The act reveals some animals are intelligent enough to know how to deceive.Text Organization

1.Eugene Linden wants to tell the reader that animals do have, at least, some limited intelligence, and the personal experiences of those who are in close contact with animals are more convincing evidence than that any experiments can provide.2.Let‘s Make a Deal: Some animals are intelligent enough to know how to bargain with people.Tale of a Whale: Animals like whales can assess a situation and act accordingly.Primate Shell Game: Animals can attempt to deceive.Language Sense Enhancement

1.(1)controversy(2)consciousness(3)explore(4)serves their own purposes(5)encounter(6)lack of it(7)convinced(8)mental feats(9)captivity(10)humans

Language Focus

I.Vocabulary

1.1)go(very)far 2)has expanded 3)in the interest(s)of 4)only to

5)encountered 6)has cooperated 7)assessed 8)(had)switched

9)horizons 10)gaze 11)disaster 12)wiped out

2.1)… a long/long running controversy over whether the book should be published or not

2)… felt relieved after her first meeting with Tom had gone smoothly

3)...suddenly went wrong with my computer when I was in the middle of writing the essay

4)… is obvious that our company is still maintaining its composition as market leader in software.5)… give in until they give her a pay rise

3.1)have undertaken, original, to explore

2)evidence convinced, underneath, extending to

3)to negotiate, encounter, to figure out, explore

II.Confusable Words

1.firstly 2.first, first 3.At first 4.First/Firstly

5.first 6.First 7.at first 8.first

III.Usage

1.animal intelligence whose

2.zoo keeper where

3.eye contact through what

4.money supply of what

5.killer whale what kind

6.baby whale how old

7.family member of what

8.sea turtle what kind/where

Comprehensive Exercises

I.Cloze

1.(1)emergency(2)evidence(3)original(4)sizing up

(5)negotiates(6)reveal(7)make a deal(8)dominant

(9)in their interest(s)(10)deceiving(11)controversy

(12)judgment(13)explore

2.(1)protect(2)However(3)type(4)situation(5)sights

(6)together(7)rang(8)associate(9)without(10)environment

II.Translation

1.1)A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2)Let‘s make a deal—you wash my car, and I‘ll let you use it tonight.3)We got to the village which we thought must have been wiped out in the severe earthquake, only to find it slightly damaged.4)My garden is dry and shady—few plants thrive in that condition

5)Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star‘s death/exact circumstance of the film star‘s death.2.When I was young I used to visit the zoo in my hometown.There what attracted me most was a couple of tigers, especially the male.They were dept in a huge iron cage at first, but later were released from it and moved to a place called Tiger Hill.Twenty years later I revisited the zoo and was relieved to find Tiger Hill was still there, but greatly extended.Moving around now were six tigers, old and young, instead of two!

unit8

關于懶散少年的寓言故事

——本杰明·斯坦

去年一個秋日，我文件夾用完了，便去雜貨店買。我拿了一大把文件夾擱在柜臺上，問一個十幾歲的售貨員多少錢。―不知道，‖她回答說，―反正單價12美分。‖

我數了數文件夾。―二十三個，單價12美分，總共2.76美金，不含稅，‖我說。

―你心算的？‖她驚奇地問道，―你怎么會算出來的？‖

―靠魔力，‖ 我說。

―真的？‖ 她問。

略受教育的成年人沒有誰不會為這樣的經歷難過。雖然我們的孩子似乎比以往任何時候都要溫厚和氣，他們卻如此無知——對自己的無知狀況也如此無知——以至使我感到可怕。在我最近任教的一所私立大學，一個六十人的四年級班上，沒有一個學生寫短文時不犯拼寫錯誤。沒有一個學生例外。

但這只是問題的一小部分。在我所見過的許多學生中，再也沒有過去學生都有的哪怕是進行最簡單的計算的能力，他們對世界歷史和地理都一無所知。

更有甚者，他們對這種種的無知卻毫不在乎，實在令人不寒而栗。一位朋友的聰明但卻很懶散的十六歲兒子在解釋他為什么不想上加州洛杉磯分校時說的話是對這種態度的高度概括。―我不想去那兒跟亞洲人競爭，‖他說，―他們用功，什么都知道。‖

其實，無論他是否愿意，這位年輕人都將不得不去跟亞洲人競爭。他不能永遠躺在先輩積累的經濟、物質與人力資本上。用不了多久，他懶于用腦的結果將嚴重影響他的生活方式，也將影響我們其他所有的人。一個現代工業化國家無法靠一支懶散、無知的勞動大軍運行。飛機會墜落。計算機會出故障。汽車會拋錨。

為使這樣的美國青年徹底認識到這一點，我的愚見是：拍一部電影，或電視連續劇，生動地描述我們國家的今天如何來之不易——而要喪失這一切又何其容易。下面我奉獻一篇寓言故事。

故事開始時，我們的主人公凱文·漢利1990，一名十七歲的高三學生，正坐在自己房間里，心情痛苦。他父母一定要他準備歐洲史考試。而他則想去買一副激光唱片隨身聽的耳機。他被迫要讀的書——《各國的財富》——讓他打瞌睡。

凱文進入夢鄉，時值1835年，他是他本人的曾太祖父，十七歲，是愛爾蘭克雷郡的一個農民。他住在小小的陋室里，睡在一頭豬旁。他老是挨餓，總是要找吃的。他最大的心愿是學會讀書寫字，以便找一個職員的工作。有了固定的工資，他就能養活自己，貼補家用。但漢利的貧窮使他無從享受上學這樣的奢侈。沒有教育，沒有錢，他無能為力。他惟一的希望寄托在孩子身上。如果他們能接受教育，他們就會生活得好一些。

我們的寓言故事快速展開。現在凱文·漢利1990成了他自己的曾祖父，凱文·漢利1928。他也是十七歲，在匹茲堡一家鋼鐵廠工作。他的父親從愛爾蘭來到美國，參加過紐約地鐵的修建。凱文·漢利1928比自己的父親和祖父境遇好多了。他能讀書寫字。他的工資比先輩在愛爾蘭時的收入高多了。

接下來凱文·漢利1990夢見自己成了他自己的祖父凱文·漢利1945。他正在硫黃島與死敵日本軍隊作戰。他總是又熱又餓又害怕。一天晚上他在散兵坑里與一個朋友講自己為什么在那兒作戰：―這樣我的兒子、孫子就能生活在和平安全的環境里。等我回國了，我要勤奮工作，讓兒子上大學，這樣他就可以干腦力活兒，而不是靠賣苦力生活。‖

接著凱文·漢利1990成了他自己的父親凱文·漢利1966。他終日用功，這樣就可以上大學，進法學院。他住在漂亮的房子里。他一生在和平環境中過著富裕的生活。他對女朋友說，等他有了兒子，他不會像他父親逼他那樣逼自己的兒子整天讀書。

就在這時，凱文·漢利1990被自己的夢驚醒了。他離開了愛爾蘭，離開了那家鋼鐵廠，離開了硫黃島，不由松了口氣。他又睡著了。

他接著做夢，這次成了他自己的兒子凱文·漢利2020。槍聲日夜不停。他那整個一代人忘卻了過去為什么要有法律，因此現在沒有法律了。人們絲毫不關心政治，政府不為工人階級提供服務。

凱文2020的父親，自然就是凱文1990本人，在日本人開的一家工廠當清潔工。凱文2020在一家專為有錢的歐洲人和亞洲人開的酒店里當行李工。公共教育到六年級為止。美國人早就不再要求自己的孩子接受良好的教育。

凱文1990最后夢見的是他自己的孫子。凱文2050沒有有用的技能。日本制造的機器包攬了所有復雜的工作，沒有什么體力活可做。沒有受過教育，沒有受過訓練，他掙不到足夠的錢養活自己。他住在貧民窟，沒有暖氣，沒有衛生設備，無法不受四鄰干擾，靠搜撿破爛度日。

總之，他的生活就像凱文·漢利1835在愛爾蘭時一模一樣。可是有一天，凱文·漢利2050與一位研究美國衰亡史的來訪日本人類學家交上了朋友。那人跟凱文解釋說，如果一個人沒有錢，教育能提供積累金融資本所必需的人力資本。勤奮、教育、節儉、紀律能成就一切。―我們就是這樣從一百多年前你們打敗我們的戰爭廢墟中站起來的。‖

―美國在戰爭中打敗日本？‖凱文2050問道。他驚訝之極。這聽起來就像說巴西在1990年打敗美國一樣不可思議。凱文2050發誓，如果他有孩子的話，他一定要讓他們工作、上學、學習并約束自己。―能憑自己的腦力，而不是靠偷竊為生，‖他說，―那將會是個奇跡。‖

凱文1990醒了過來，身旁放著他的那本《各國的財富》。他打開書，跳入眼簾的第一句話就是：―一個不能恰當運用人類智力的人極可能比懦夫更可鄙。‖

凱文的父親走了進來。―好了，兒子，‖ 他說，―咱們去看耳機吧。‖

―抱歉了，爸爸，‖凱文1990說，―我得看書學習了。‖

Pair work

1.She was amazed at the author‘s ability to do mental calculation.2.Children can‘t spell correctly;their knowledge of word history and geography is non-existent

3.He didn‘t want to compete with the hard-working Asians at U.C.L.A.He preferred a less intellectually challenging life.4.A modern industrial state cannot function with an idle, ignorant labor force.5.To use the media to dramatize and drive home the message to today‘s teenagers.6.He is fed up with the book he is forced to red.7.They can‘t read or write.They place their hopes on their children.8.He works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese.9.Because he has no education, no useful skill, and no discipline.10.Americans stop demanding good education foe children.Machines do all the complex work and there is little manual work to be done.America is poorer than Japan and European countries.11.Hard work education, saving and discipline help a nation rise from the ashes.12.He finally comes to realize the importance of study.Work on your own 1.Part one paras.1-10

Teenagers‘ idleness and ignorance will produce serious effects on all concerned and society as a whole.Part two paras.11-24

Kevin 1990 comes to realize in his dream how greatly lack of education costs his forebears, himself, his children and the society they live in, and how important it is to study hard.2.Part one

Teenagers‘ intellectual laziness and ignorance

Part two

Kevin 1990, his forebears(with the exception of his intellectual father),and his children lead a poor, miserable life.America is on the decline.There is no law and order in the country.America children have no chance to receive a good education.Businesses in America are owned by wealthy Europeans and Asians.Language sense enhancement

Indifference(1)

Summed up(2)

Preferred(3)

Financial（4）

Accumulated（5）

Intellectual（6）