第一篇:初一英語上冊各單元語法知識點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)
初一英語上冊各單元知識點(diǎn)總結(jié) Unit 1 My name’s Gina
【語法看點(diǎn)】
語法探究一:常見的打招呼的問候語
人際交往中,最常用的語言是打招呼的問候用語。在不同的國家里,打招呼和問候的方式是不同的。中國人喜歡用“吃了嗎?” “你干什么去?”作為打招呼的開場白,而在歐美國家的人們是怎樣打招呼或問候呢? 1.熟人打招呼:
—Hello!/Hi!—Hello!/Hi!2.不同時段的問候:
—Good morning/afternoon/evening/night!(Morning!/Afternoon!/Evening!)—Good morning!/afternoon!/evening!3.熟人間關(guān)心的問好:
—How are you? —Fine.thank you.And you?(I'm fine,thank you./I'm OK./Not bad.)4.晚上睡覺前的告別語:
—Good night!晚安!
—Good night!晚安!語法探究二:打電話用語
我們經(jīng)常打電話,但你知道怎樣用英語給別人打電話嗎? 1.This is...(speaking).我是……
2.Who is that? 你是準(zhǔn)? 或Is that...(speaking)? 你是……嗎? 3.May I speak to...,please? 我可以跟…說話嗎? 4.He's in(out).他在家(不在家)。
5.Can I take a message for you? 我可以為你捎信嗎? 6.Can I leave a message? 我可以留個信兒嗎? 7.Hold on,please.稍等。
Unit 2 This is my sister 【語法看點(diǎn)】
語法探究一:介紹和自我介紹
“介紹和自我介紹”是新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的話題之一。學(xué)會向外人介紹自己的家人是中學(xué)生日常用語常用的語言,也是中考中交際英 語常考的內(nèi)容。下面就簡單介紹一下。(l)This is my,..這是我的……(2)That's my...那是我的……
(3)Is this /that your...? 這/那是你的……嗎?(4)These/ Those are...這些/那些是……
(5)—Who is she/he?她/他是誰? —She/He is my...她/他是我的…
(6)—Who are they?他們是誰? —They are...他們是…… 語法探究二:人稱代詞和指示代詞 1.人稱代詞
(1)概念:英語中代替具體的人或物的詞叫人稱代詞,有第一、二、三人稱及單復(fù)數(shù)、性別之分。
(2)用法:指代上文提到的不同人稱的人或物。如:Peter is a good boy.He is twelve.(3)be動詞根據(jù)人稱代詞和數(shù)的變化而變化。如:I'm Linda.He is Jim. 2.指示代詞
(1)指示代詞是指代前面的名詞的詞。常見的有this,that,these,those等。
(2)用法:指示代詞可以在句中作主語,賓語和定語。如:This is a pencil.That boy is my new friend.? 提醒:this,these指代近處的人或事物;that,those指代遠(yuǎn)處的人或事物。
Unit 3 Is this your pencil? 【語法看點(diǎn)】人稱代詞和物主代詞 語法探究一:人稱代詞
(1)概念:表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞,叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,見下表:
人稱 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
主格 賓格 主格 賓格 第一人稱 I me we us 第二人稱 you you you you 第三人稱 he him they them she her it it
(2)用法:人稱代詞主格作主語 I am a teacher.You are a student.(3)人稱代詞賓格作賓語,表示動作行為的對象。Give it to me.Let's go.語法探究二:物主代詞
(l)概念:表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種,其人稱和數(shù)的變化見下表。數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
人稱類別 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
形容詞性物主代詞 my your his her its our your their 名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 漢語 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 你們的 他/她/它們的
名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。其后不必加名詞。如:
Is this your book? No,it isn't.It's hers(her book).Unit 4 Where’s my schoolbag? 【語法看點(diǎn)】
語法探究名詞變復(fù)數(shù)小結(jié)
可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)形式的部分規(guī)則如下:
(1)一般名詞詞尾加s。如: pen→pens
(2)以o結(jié)尾的名詞一般直接加~s。如:radio→radios,photo → photos
但有的以o結(jié)尾的有生命的名詞要加~es。如:tomato→ tomatoes(3)以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時要加~es。如:bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches(4)以“輔音字母加y”結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i加~es。女口: dictionary→dictionaries
(5)以“元音字母加y”結(jié)尾的直接加~s,如:boy→ boys,key→ keys(6)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,一般情況下將f、fe變?yōu)関,再加~es。如:leaf→ leaves, wife→wives Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball? 【語法看點(diǎn)】
語法探究:一般現(xiàn)在時 1.定義
表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài);還用于個人的情況介紹。2.用法
(1)謂語動詞為be。
①變否定句時,在am,is,are的后面加________即可;
②變一般疑問句則要把________、________或________提前。同時,把句號變成問號;
③變特殊疑問句:用特殊疑問詞替換畫線部分,放在句首,同時把剩余的部分變成一般疑問句放在特殊疑問詞的后面。(2)謂語動詞是實(shí)義動詞。
①變否定句時,需要增加助動詞________或________.當(dāng)主語是第一人稱I,we,第二人稱you或第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)時,助動詞do變?yōu)開_______;當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,助動詞does變?yōu)開_______,同時,后面跟動詞原形。
②變一般疑問句時,也要增加助動詞放在句首,原來的動詞變?yōu)閯釉~原形。
③變特殊疑問句時,用特殊疑問詞替換劃線部分,置于句首,后面加—般疑問句。
Unit 6 Do you like bananas? 【語法看點(diǎn)】 語法探究:名詞
★ 分類:英語中的普通名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。★ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化
l)一般情況,在名詞詞尾加____,如:apple→____________;book→____________。
2)以s、x、sh、ch結(jié)尾的名詞加____,如:glass→ ________,box→ ________。
3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為_____ 加_______,如cities,babies,enemies。
4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多數(shù)變f或fe為v加es,如:wife→wives,leaf→leaves。
但有些詞只加s,如:roofs,proofs,chiefs。
5)以o結(jié)尾的名詞,多數(shù)加es,但一些外來詞或詞尾為兩個元音字母的詞加s。
如: tomato→________,zoo→zoos,photo→________。6)不規(guī)則名詞變化:foot→feet,tooth→teeth, child→children, man→men,woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice。
★ 名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的讀音:(口訣:清清濁濁元濁)1)清輔音后讀/s/,如:map→maps
濁輔音和元音后讀/ z /,如:bag→bags,car→cars 2)以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾加es讀/ iz /,如:bus→buses, watch→watches
以ce,se,ze等結(jié)尾加s讀/iz/,如:license→licenses, 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加es讀/z/,如:baby→babies Unit 7 How much are there socks ? 5 【語法看點(diǎn)】 語法探究:購物
“購物”是初中新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定的話題之一,也是中考常考的內(nèi)容。所以,學(xué)會“購物用語”對于我們學(xué)習(xí)英語非常重要。常用的購物用語有:
(1)Can I help you?= What can I do for you? 我能為您做些什么?
(2)What color do you want? 您要什么顏色的?
(3)What sizes do you have/want? 您有/想要多大尺寸的?(4)一How much is it? 一It's…dollars/ yuan.這個多少錢?……美元/元。
(5)一How much are they? 一They're...Dollars.他們多少錢?他們……美元。
(6)What/How about…? ……怎么樣?(7)It's too expensive.太貴了。(8)It's cheap.很便宜。
(9)It/They look(s)nice.I'll take it/them.看起來不錯,我買了。(10)Thanks a lot.非常感謝。(11)You're welcome.不客氣。(12)Here you are.給你。Unit 8 When is your birthday? 【語法看點(diǎn)】
語法探究一:生日話題
“詢問生日”是日常生活中常用到的話題,也是中考常考的內(nèi)容。所以,學(xué)會“詢問生日…
對于我們學(xué)習(xí)英語非常重要。常用的詢問生日用語有:
—When is your birthday? 一It's… 語法探究二:介詞on,in,at的用法
與時間名詞連用時介詞on,in,at的用法:
at : 表示在某一時刻。如: at six(o'clock)在六點(diǎn)鐘,at half past rune在九點(diǎn)半,at three forty-five在三點(diǎn)四十五分
in : 表示在某一段時間內(nèi),可能很長,也可能很短。如:in five minutes在五分鐘以內(nèi),In summer在夏天,in May,1965在一九六五年五月 on : 表示在具體的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
如:on September 10在九月十日,on Friday morning在星期五上午,on a cold winter morning 在一個寒冷的冬天的早晨
注意:1.in也常常與morning,afternoon,evening這三個詞構(gòu)成固定搭配,表示在??上午、下午、晚上”,這時名詞前用定冠詞the,且不要修飾語。如:in the morning在早晨;
in the afternoon在下午;in the evening在晚上。
2.a(chǎn)t也可用于一些固定搭配中,如:at noon,at night, at the weekend, at weekends等。
3.在以this,that,tomorrow,next,yesterday, every,last,today等開頭的時間前二般不
加介詞。如:last autumn去年秋天;this evening今天晚上;next Friday下周五
Unit 9 My favorite subject is science 【語法看點(diǎn)】 話題探究
“學(xué)校生活和興趣愛好”是初中新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定的話題之一,也是日常生活常談?wù)?的內(nèi)容。常用的句型有:
(1)—What's your favorite subject? 你最喜歡的科目是什么?
—My favorite subject is English.我最喜歡的科目是英語。(2)—Why do you like it? 你為什么喜歡它?
—Because it's interesting.因?yàn)樗腥ぁ?/p>
(3)—Who is your English teacher? 你的英語老師是誰?
—Ms Zhang.張老師。
(4)—When is your English class? 什么時候上英語課?
—It's on Monday and Wednesday.周一和周三。
第二篇:人教版初一英語各單元知識點(diǎn)歸納
2012最新人教版初一英語下冊各單元知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?
一、單詞與詞組
Join: 表示―參加,加入‖,此處指參加社團(tuán)或組織,成為其中的成員。e.g:Join the army 參軍/ join the NBA 加入美國籃球協(xié)會 Join the art/sports/music/English/chess club 參加體育/音樂/英語/象棋俱樂部
樂器類+the play the guitar /the violin/the drums/the piano 非樂器類+ the play soccer/ basketball/volleyball/football/tennis/badminton(英式足球 / 籃球 / 排球 /英式足球,美式橄欖球/網(wǎng)球/羽毛球)
Be good at+ sth./doing sth.擅長做某事 Be good with 與…相處得好
Be good to 對…友好=be friendly to
Be good for 對…有好處 Like to do sth.特指某一次的動作;like doing sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)常性的愛好。兩者都表示喜歡做某事,在僅僅表達(dá)―喜歡‖時兩者可以通用。Tell: Tell stories 講故事 tell sb.sth./to do sth./not to do sth.告訴某人某事/不要做某事
Help:help sb.to do sth./help sb.with sth./ help sb.do sth.幫助某人做某事 help yourself/sb.(to sth.)把某物(尤其是指食物,飲料等)拿給自己/某人 can't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
Call at 用于打某人的電話 e.g.Call Mr.Brown at 293-7742 Home:1.表示動態(tài)概念。意思是―回家‖,―到家‖。前面不加介詞。這里的home 是副詞,表示目的地。
e.g.1)When do you go home every day?你每天什么時候回家?
2)He drives home after work.他下班的開車回家。3)She often does some shopping on his way home.她經(jīng)常在回家途中買些東西。
2.at home 表示靜態(tài)概念。意思是―在家‖。這里的home是名詞,表示具體地點(diǎn)。e.g.1)Is she at home? 她在家嗎?2)He left his book at home.他把書放在家里了。go home 回家 get home 到家 at home 在家 Also 也,而且;較正式,用于肯定句,緊跟動詞。
e.g.I can speak English and I can also speak Chinese.我能說英文也能說中文。
Too 多用于口語,放在句末。e.g.Me too.Either 多用于否定句,放在句末。e.g.He hasn’t finished, either.他也沒有完成。
show sb.sth./show sth.to sb.展示給某人看
Show time 作秀時間,表演開始 talk show 脫口秀(美國脫口秀節(jié)目)
Unit 2 What time do you go to school?
時間連詞:when=while 當(dāng)…時
then 然后
after that 在那之后
at+時間點(diǎn)/
e.g: sb.do sth.at about +時間點(diǎn)
for breakfast/lunch/dinner…
睡覺go to bed=go to sleep 睡覺
反:get up 起床
take a tap 午休,小睡一會兒
Time 表時間,不可數(shù);表次數(shù)時是可數(shù)名詞。
some times 幾次
sometimes 有時
some time 一段時間
sometime 某個時候
系動詞It tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels嘗起來/聞起來/看起來/聽起來/摸起來(含被動意味,但不能用被動語態(tài))
tastes/smells/looks/sounds/feels+like 嘗起來/聞起來/看起來/聽起來/ 摸起來像…
either…or… 二選一
neither…nor… 兩者都不
連接兩個主語時,其謂語動詞應(yīng)與最近的一個主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,即 “就近原則”。
e.g.Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。
Neither dad nor mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。
Here引導(dǎo)的倒裝句表位置的副詞放在句首時,如主語是代詞,不倒裝 ;
表位置的副詞放在句首時,如主語是名詞,要用全部倒裝。e.g.Here it is!
Here he comes.(代詞不倒裝)
Here is your ticket.Here comes the bus.(名詞倒裝)
關(guān)于時間的問法
(1)以when提問,―什么時候‖可以是較長的時間段,也可以是較短的時間點(diǎn)
①When is your birthday?
你的生日是什么時候?
②My birthday is Dec.29th.我的生日是12月29日。這里就是指一天的時間段
①When do you go home?
你幾點(diǎn)回家?
②I go home at 4:30 p.m.我下午4:30回家.這里when問的是具體的時間。
(2)具體幾點(diǎn)我們通常用what time提問
①What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?
or What’s the time? 幾點(diǎn)了? It’s 9:26.現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)二十六。
②What time is it by your watch? 你手表幾點(diǎn)了?It’s 8:36.Oh, It’s 50 minutes late(8:36,哦,它慢了50分鐘。)③What time do you get up?
你幾點(diǎn)起床? I get up at 6:00 a.m.我早上6點(diǎn)起床。
Unit 3 How do you get to school?
many students是單指學(xué)生數(shù)量多,側(cè)重?cái)?shù)量
many of the students是指學(xué)生中很多一部分,強(qiáng)調(diào)部分
too…太…
1.too much意為―太多‖,+不可數(shù)名詞/+動詞。
e.g.I had too much housework to do yesterday.昨天我有太多的家務(wù)活要干。She talks too much.她說話太多。
much too意思是―過分,太‖,隱含了過分而不恰當(dāng)之意,much too+形容詞或副詞,不+動詞。
e.g.The question is much too difficult.這道題太難了。
You’re walking much too fast.你走得太快了。
2.too…to…太…而不能….e.g.You are never too young to study.同:so…that…太…以至于… e.g.The river runs too quickly for boats.=The river suns too quickly to row a boat.=The river runs so quickly that people can’t row a boat to across the river.Unit 4 Don’t eat in class.一、詞組
school rules 學(xué)校規(guī)章制度
break the rules 違反規(guī)章制度
make the rules 制定規(guī)章..in the hallways 在過道
in the music room 在音樂教室里
in the dining hall 在餐廳
be in bed 在床上 be late for 遲到
listen to music 聽音樂
wash my clothes 洗衣服
make dinner 做飯
have to do 不得不做
too many+名詞復(fù)數(shù);too much +不可數(shù)名詞―太多‖ by ten o’clock 十點(diǎn)之前
on school nights 上學(xué)的晚上
on weekends 在周末
go to the children’s palace 去少年宮
after school 放學(xué)后
sports shoes 運(yùn)動鞋
gym class 體育課
二、句型
(1)Don’t arrive late for class.(2)We can’t listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside.(3)--What else do you have to do?--We have to clean the classroom.(4)--Can we wear hats in school?--Yes, we can/ No, we can’t.(5)--Do you have to wear a uniform at school?--Yes, we do /No, we don’t.(6)What are the rules at your school?
(7)重難點(diǎn)精析:
祈使句
通常用來表示命令、請求、禁止、建議、警告等語氣。它的主語you(聽話人)通常省略。其構(gòu)成通常有以下幾種形式。
1)Be型(即系動詞原型be+表語+其他)。如:
Be quiet,please.否定句Don’t + be+表語+其他。如: Don’t be angry.2)Do型(即系動詞原形+賓語+其他)。如:
Open you books, please.否定句Don’t +實(shí)義動詞原形+賓語+其他。如: Don’t eat in the classroom.3)Let型(即Let+賓語+動詞原形+其他)如:Let me help you.Let’s go at six o’clock.否定句一般在賓語后加not。如: Let’ not watch TV.4)No+V-ing型(此種形式通常用于公共場合的提示語中,意為―禁止做某事―)如:
No smoking!嚴(yán)禁吸煙!No talking!不許交談!
No passing!禁止通行!No parking!不許停車!
Must與have to
1.must表主觀看法,主觀上的必要
have to 表客觀需要
e.g.My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)
He said that they must work hard.他說他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)
2.have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化,而must只有一種形式。3.在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中: don't have to 表示“不必”;mustn't 表示“禁止”。
e.g.You don't have to(needn’t沒必要)tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。
You mustn't(can’t 不能)tell him about it.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。On time 準(zhǔn)時,按時。In time 及時,遲早
e.g.We were just in time for(to catch)the bus.我們及時趕上了公車。
The train pulled in on time.車準(zhǔn)時到站。
Unit 5 Why do you like pandas?
一、詞組
want to do sth.想要做某事 want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 want sth 想要某物 Let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
Kind
kind of 有幾分種類
a kind of 一種…(all)kinds of 各種各樣的=various of like to do sth/like doing sth 喜歡做某事
play with 與...一起玩 during the day 在白天
at night 在夜間
二、句型與日常交際用語
1、-why do you like pandas?/-Why dose he like koalas?
-Because they’re kind of interesting.2、Why do you want to see the lions?
-Because they’re …
3、-Where are lions from?
-Lions are from South Africa.4、-What(other)animals do you like?
-I like elephants.5.This is a symbol of good luck.…的象征
6.Have a good memory like an elephant.形容記憶力好.-How old are you?=What’s your age?
–I’m ten years old./I’m ten.8.-Do you like giraffes?-Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.9.make of 與make from
―由…組成‖ make of 看得出原材料,物理變化;make from 看不出原材料,化學(xué)變化。
e.g.We must save trees and not by things made of ivory(象牙).The paper is made of wood.The other, others, another, other的區(qū)別
10.other可作形容詞或代詞,做形容詞時,意思是―別的,其他‖,泛指―其他的(人或物)‖。e.g : Do you have any other question(s)? 你還有其他問題嗎? Ask some other people.問問別人吧!Put it in your other hand.把它放在你另一只手里。
11.the other指兩個人或物中的一個時,只能用the other,不能用another,此時的other作代詞。如: He has two daughters.One is a nurse, the other is a worker.他有兩個女兒,一個是護(hù)士,另一個是工人。the other后可加單數(shù)名詞,也可加復(fù)數(shù)名詞,此時的other作形容詞。如: On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree.在街道的另一邊,有一棵大樹。Mary is much taller than the other girls.瑪麗比其他的女孩高得多。He lives on the other side of the river.他住在河的對岸。
12.others是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式,泛指―另外幾個‖,―其余的‖。在句中可作主語、賓語。如: Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports.我們一些人喜歡唱歌和跳舞,其余的從事體育活動。Give me some others, please.請給我別的東西吧!There are no others.沒有別的了。
13.the others意思是―其他東西,其余的人‖。特指某一范圍內(nèi)的―其他的(人或物)‖。是the other的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.兩個男孩將去動物園,其余的留在家里。the others=the other 復(fù)數(shù)名詞,這在第2條中已經(jīng)有所介紹。
14.another=an other,既可作形容詞,也可作代詞,只能用于三個或更多的人或物,泛指同類事物中的三者或三者以上的―另一個‖,只能代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。如: I don’t like this one.Please show me another.我不喜歡這一個,請給我看看另一個。I have three daughters.One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker.我有三個女兒。一個是護(hù)士,另一個是教師,還有一個是工人。
15.Let’s do sth , let’s=let us 讓我們做…… 人稱代詞用賓格
Let’s 之后跟動詞原形。Let’s see the panda.我們看熊貓吧。
Let’s go!我們走吧!
Unit 6 I’m watching TV.一、詞組
do one’s homework 做家庭作業(yè)
watch TV 看電視
eat dinner 吃飯;就餐 clean the room 打掃房間
talk on the phone 電話聊天
thanks for+n/doing為某事感謝某人
go shopping/swimming去購物/游泳 at the pool 在游泳池 at school 在學(xué)校 in the tree 在樹上 read newspaper/a book 看報(bào)紙/看書
write a letter 寫信
go to the movies =go to the cinema=watch a movie 看電影
take photos 拍照 wait for 等待;等候
TV show 電視節(jié)目 talk about 談?wù)摗?/p>
e.g.What are you talking about?
some of…中的一些
a photo of my family 我的家庭照 be with 和...一起
with sb.和某人在一起
in the first/last photo在第一張/最后一張照片
二、句型與日常交際用語
1.-What+be+主語+doing? …正在做什么?
-主語+be doing… …正在做某事
2.-Here are/is…
e.g: Here are some of my photos./Here is a photo of my family.3.-Do you want to go to the movies?
-Sure.4.-When do you want to go?
-Let’s go at seven.5.-Where do people play basketball?
-At school.6.-What’s he waiting for?
-He’s waiting for a bus.7.-What’s he reading?
-He’s reading a newspaper.8.Can +do(動詞原形)可以… e.g.You can see my family at home.三、語法——現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
1)現(xiàn)在在進(jìn)行時的形式:助動詞be(am,is,are)+動詞-ing形式(也叫現(xiàn)在分詞),表示現(xiàn)在(說話的瞬間)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。
2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的肯定句形式:主語+be(am,is,are)+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他
e.g:I’m watching TV.3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的否定句形式:主語+be(am,is,are)+not+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 e.g:They are not playing soccer.4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的一般疑問句形式及回答: ——Is(am,are)+主語+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞+其他? ——Yes,主語+is/am/are.No,主語+isn’t/aren’t/am not.e.g:Are you reading? Yes,I am.No,I am not.5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的特殊疑問句形式:特殊疑問詞+is/am/are+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他?
e.g:What is your brother doing?
Unit 7 It’s raining!
一、詞組
play computer games 打電子游戲
lie on the beach 躺在沙灘上
play beach volleyball 打沙灘排球
in this heat 在酷暑中
in picture 在圖片里
on vacation 度假
on the beach 在海邊
around the world 世界各地 =all over the world
be surprised at sth./sb.對某人或某人感到驚訝
be relaxed 放松 =feel relaxed
have a good time 玩得很痛快
in different kind of weather 在不同的天氣里
thank sb for(doing)sth由于某事而感謝某人 some…others…一些…另一些…
a group of people 一群人
look at sb doing/do sth 看某人正在做某事/做了某事(事情的全過程)
everyone后只接人不跟of, 相當(dāng)于everybody;every one 后跟人或物,可跟of。e.g.Everyone is here.每個人都在這。
Every one of the students likes the teacher.每位學(xué)生都很喜歡這個老師。
二、句型/日常交際用語
(1)-How’s the weather(+地點(diǎn))?-It’s rainy./It’s cold and snowing.(2)-What’s the weather like?-The weather there is very hot.(3)-How’s it going(with sb.)?某人最近怎樣。/How was your trip?-Great./Not bad./Terrible/Pretty good!
(4)Thanks you for joining CCTV’s Around the World show!(5)-Is Aunt Wang there?-Yes, she is/No, she isn’t.(6)There are many people here on vacation.(7)See you later./See you soon.之后見/很快見
(8)My phone isn’t working.我的電話壞了。
Unit 8 Is there a post office near there?
一、詞組
post office 郵局
pay phone 投幣式公用電話
next to 在...隔壁
across from 在...對面 in front of 在...前面
between…and… 在...和...之間
on a street 在街上
in the neighborhood 在附近
on the right/left 在右邊/在左邊 behind…在…后面 on Green street 在格林街上
near…在…附近
go straight 一直走
go down(along)…沿著...走
welcome to… 歡迎 enjoy+名詞/doing喜歡做某事
have fun 過得愉快
on one’s right/left 在某人的右邊/左邊
turn right/left 向右/左轉(zhuǎn)
take a walk 散步
the way to ?去...的路
let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
take a taxi 打的/乘出租車
go through...穿過..have a good trip 旅途愉快=have a good time.玩的開心,過得愉快
arrive at(小地方)/in(大地方)到達(dá)
at the beginning of 在...開始的時候
at the end of 在...結(jié)束的時候 hope to do sth/that/for sth 希望做某事(不可以用hope sb.to do sth.)help sb.to do sth./sb.sth.幫助某人某事 in front of 與 in the front of 的區(qū)別
in front of就是指在某物的前方;in the front of是指在某物的內(nèi)部靠前的地方。
e.g.Sit in the front of the classroom.指坐在教室前排的。
Sit in front of the classroom指坐在教室前面(教室外面的前面)。It cost sb.st.to do sth./some moey sb.spend time on sth./(in)doing sth./sb.spend some money.花費(fèi)時間/金錢做某事
二、句型。
1、Is there a......?句型.
e.g:
-Excuse me.Is there a hotel in /near the neighborhood.-Yes, there is.No.there isn’t
2、Where is......?句型. e.g:-Where is the park, please?-It’s behind the bank.(肯定回答)-I’m sorry I don’t know.(否定回答)
3、Which is the way to +地點(diǎn)? 句型.如:
Which is the way to the library?
4、How can I get to +地點(diǎn)?句型.如:
How can I get to the restaurant?
5、Can you tell me the way to +地點(diǎn)?/Could you please tell me ….句型.如:
Can you tell me the way to the post office?
6、Let me tell you the way to my house.7、Just go straight and turn left.三、日常交際用語
1、Is there a bank near here?
Yes, there is.It’s on Centre Street./No, there isn’t.2、Where’s the supermarket? It’s next to the library.3、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.4、I hope you have a good trip.5.If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.6、Talk a walk though the park..7、I know you are arriving next Sunday.我知道你下周日要來。
8、Time goes by./time goes quickly.時間流逝/時間流逝得飛快
Unit 9 What dose he look like?
一、詞組
curly /short/straight/long hair卷/短/直發(fā) of medium height/build中等高度/身體
a little bit+形容詞 一點(diǎn)兒?
a pop singer 一位流行歌手
be popular with sb 在…流行
not…any more 不再
good-looking 好看
wear glasses 戴眼鏡
have a new look 呈現(xiàn)新面貌
the captain of the basketball team 籃球隊(duì)隊(duì)長
Nobody knows me 沒有人認(rèn)識我二、句型 1)--What does he look like?
--He’s really short.He has short hair./ He is of medium build.2)Do you know I have a new friend in Class Five?
3)--She has beautiful, long black hair.--I don’t think he’s so great.4)stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事 如: He stop listening--She never stops talking.stop to do(sth)表示停下來去做某事 如: He stops to listen.5)I can go shopping and nobody knows me.6)-Is he tall or short? –He’s of medium height.7)He has long straight brown hair.Unit 10 I’d like some noodles.一、詞組
would like+ n/to do 想要
a large/medium/small bowl of 大碗/中碗/小碗
what size 什么尺寸 orange juice 桔汁
green tea 綠茶
what kind of 表示?.的種類
a kind of 一種? some kind of 許多種?
a bowl of rice 一碗米飯
a bottle of orange juice 一瓶桔子汁(不可數(shù))three oranges 三個桔子(可數(shù))
some chicken 一些雞肉(不可數(shù))three chickens 三只小雞(可數(shù))gongbao chicken 宮爆雞丁
mapo tofu 麻婆豆腐
cut up 切碎
cut down 砍下
cut off 切斷
cut out 切掉
二、句型
1)What kind of ? would you like? 你想要??
2)--What size bowl of noodles would you like?
--I like a small bowl of noodles.3)We have large ,medium, and small bowls.4)I like dumplings, I don’t like noodles.三、日常交際用語
1)--Can I help you?/ What can I do for you?/May I take your order?
--I’d like some noodles.please.2)--What kind of noodles would you like?
--I’d like mutton and potato noodles.Please.3)--Would you like a cup of green tea?
--Yes, please./No, thanks
would like后面還可以跟不定式.即:
1,would like to do sth.想要做某事 He would like to see you today.2,would like sb.to.do.sth.想要某人做某事 What would you like me to do.※ If
If 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句 主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g.If he or she blows(從句)out all the candles in one go, the wish will(主句)come true.If it doesn’t(從句)rain, we will(主句)play basketball.※ It
it 作形式主語。結(jié)構(gòu):it+be(is/was)+(for sb.)+to do sth.(對某人來說)做某事怎么樣
e.g.It’s getting more and more popular to have cake on your birthday.= It becomes more and more popular that people have cake on their birthday.Unit 11 How was you weekend?
一、詞組
do some reading 閱讀
study for the(math)test 準(zhǔn)備(數(shù)學(xué))考試
have a party/ do some sports 做運(yùn)動
practice+n/doing 練習(xí)…
what aout/ How about+n/doing 做什么怎么樣
stay at home 呆家里
go to summer camp 去夏令營
go shopping 去購物 go to the beach/pool 去沙灘/游泳
go to the mountains 去爬
last month 上個月
three days ago 三天前
yesterday 昨天
the day before yesteday 前天
the day after tomorrow 后天
look for 尋找
look after 照顧,看管
look out(for)留神,注意
look up 查找 go for a walk 散步
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/在下午/在晚上
on Sunday morning 在某個具體一天的上午、下午用介詞on play computer games 玩電腦游戲
spend money/time on sth/(in)doing sth 花費(fèi)…做… watch sb do/doing sth 看某人做了某事/正在做某事
二、句型
1)I visited my aunt last weekend.2)--How was your weekend?--It was great./OK
3)It was time for sb to do sth.三、日常交際用語
1)--What did you do last weekend?--On Saturday morning,I played teenis.2)--How was your weekend?--It was great.I went to the brach.※感嘆句
1.What + a + 形容詞 + 名詞單數(shù)(+ 主語+動詞)/ 2.What + 形容詞 + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)(+ 主語 + 動詞)/ 3.What + 形容詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞(+主語+動詞)
e.g.What a beautiful girl she is!(單數(shù))
What beautiful girls they are!(復(fù)數(shù))
What delicious milk it is!
(不可數(shù))4.How + 形容詞/副詞(+ 主語 + 動詞)
E.g.How beautiful this girl is!
(以上有點(diǎn)麻煩,簡單記:把感嘆句從后面把主語和謂語(句子)挑出,然后看前面的感嘆部分,若有名詞,就用what;若無,就用how。)但是注意單數(shù)時候:what a careful student she is!= How careful a student sh is!練習(xí):
_____nice it is today!
_____ a nice day it is today!
_____ ugly animals they are!
What a big box it is!== How big the box is!What nice weather it is!== How nice the weather is!What clean rooms they are!== How clean the rooms are!Unit 12 Where did you do last weekend?
一、詞組
pretty good 相當(dāng)好;不錯
in the conner 在角落
kind of boring 有點(diǎn)無聊
be lost 迷路 feel happy 感到高興 be fun 很有趣
on vacation 在度假
Central Park中央公園
the Great Wall 長城
the Palace Museum 故宮
Tian’an Men Square 天安門廣場
make sb adj 使某人… make sb do sth 使某人做某事
decide to do sth決定做某事
二、句型
1)--Where did you go on vacation?
--I went to the breach.2)--How was the weather?
--It was hot and humid.3)--It was kind of boring
4)--That made me feel very happy.5)--We had great fun playing in the water.--have great fun doing sth表示―愉快地做某事‖,―做某事很有趣‖
6)I helped him find his father.That made me feel very happy.make sb.do.sth.使某人做某事let(make)sb.do.sth.7)I found a small boy crying in the conner.find sb.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事。find sb.do.sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事(整個過程)
第三篇:初一英語上冊語法總結(jié)
初一英語上冊語法總結(jié)
冠詞的用法
冠詞是一種虛詞,用在名詞或名詞詞組的前面,表示名詞是特指還是泛指。冠詞可分為不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種形式。不定冠詞有 a, an。定冠詞有 the.其中, a 用在發(fā)音以輔音開頭的名詞之前, 而 an 則 用在發(fā)音以元 音開頭的名詞之前。不定冠詞的用法:
1)表示某一類人或某事物中的任何一個,經(jīng)常用在第一次提到某人或某物時,用不定冠詞起介紹作用,表示一個。
I gave him a book yesterday.我昨天給了他一本書。
I have got a ticket.我有一張票。
There is a tree in front of my house.我的屋前有一棵樹。
2)表示人或事物的某一種類, 強(qiáng)調(diào)整體, 即以其中的一個代表一類。
A horse is useful to mankind.馬對人類有用。
A bird can fly.鳥會飛。
3)不定冠詞用在事物的“單位”前,如時間, 速度, 價格等意義的名詞之前,表示 “每一”。
We often go to school two times a day.我們常常一天兩次去學(xué)校。
I went to the library once a week at least.我一星期至少去一次圖書館。
4)不定冠詞用來指某人某物,但不具體說明任何人或任何物。
A boy came to see you a moment ago.剛才有一個小孩來找你。
I got this tool in a shop.我在商店買的這件工具。
We need a car now.我們現(xiàn)在需要一輛車。
5)不定冠詞用于某些詞組。
a few 幾個 a little 有點(diǎn)
She has a few friends in this city.她在這個城市中有幾個朋友。
There is a little milk in the bottle.瓶子里有點(diǎn)牛奶。
定冠詞的用法
1)定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物, 以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物。The bag in the desk is mine.桌子里的書包是我的。
Is this the book you are looking for?
這是你要找的書嗎?
Do you know the man in back?
你知道穿黑色衣服的人是誰嗎?
2)定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。
I bought a book from Xinhua book-shop.The book costs 15 yuan.我從新華書店買了一本書.這本書值十五元。
I saw a film yesterday.The film was ended at eight o'clock.我昨天看了一場電影。電影八點(diǎn)鐘結(jié)束的。
3)定冠詞用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前。
the sun the moon the earth
the sky the world the winter night
The sun is bigger than the moon.太陽比月亮大。
I can see a bird in the sky.我能看到天空中有一只小鳥。
4)定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用,表示這一類人或物。
The dog is not too danger.狗不太危險。
The cat is an animal.貓是一種動物。
5)定冠詞與某些形容詞連用,使形容詞名詞化, 表示某一類人。the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf.The wounded were brought to the hospital.受傷者被送到了醫(yī)院。
He always helps the poor.他經(jīng)常幫助窮人。
The deaf can go to this special school.耳聾者可以進(jìn)這所特殊學(xué)校上學(xué)。
6)用在序數(shù)詞, 形容詞最高級和表示方位的名詞前。
This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited.這是我在中國參觀的最大的城市。
I saw a plane coming from the east.我看見一架飛機(jī)從東方飛來。
He is the last one to help me.他不會來幫助我的。
7)定冠詞用在演奏樂器的名稱和文藝活動,運(yùn)動場所的名稱前。
The little girl likes to play the violin.小女孩喜歡拉小提琴。
They are going to the cinema tonight.他們今晚要去影院看電影。
The theater was on fire last week.劇院昨天著火了。
8)定冠詞用在報(bào)刊,雜志的名稱的名詞之前。
I am reading the China Daily now.我現(xiàn)在正讀中國日報(bào)。
Have you got the Evening Paper yet? 你拿到晚報(bào)了嗎?
The Times is a foreign newspaper.泰晤士報(bào)是一家外國報(bào)紙。
The Peking Review is on the desk.北京周報(bào)在桌子上放著。
9)定冠詞用在江河,海洋,山脈,群島的名稱之前。
We live near the Yellow River.我們住在黃河邊上。
The Changjiang River is the biggest one in China.長江是中國最大的河。
The Himalayas is located in Tibet.喜馬拉雅山位于西藏。
10)定冠詞用在姓名復(fù)數(shù)之前,表示一家人。
The Greens is very kind to us.格林一家人待我們很好。
The Whites like the classic music.懷特一家喜歡古典音樂。
1)專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞之前一般不用冠詞。
China is a largest country in the world.中國是世界上最大的國家。
I think water is a kind of food, too.我認(rèn)為水也是一種食物。
Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起來柔軟。
2)表示日常餐食名詞之前不用冠詞,但如果指具體的飲食時用定冠詞 the。
It's time for breakfast.該吃早飯了。
What do you have for lunch?
你午飯吃點(diǎn)什么?
The dinner I had at that restaurant was expensive.我在那家飯店吃的飯很貴。
3)在季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)日。球類運(yùn)動,棋類游戲的名詞之前不用冠詞。
Summer is hot and winter is cold here.這兒夏天熱冬天冷。
New Year's Day is coming.新年就要到啦。
Today is the first day of May.今天是五月的第一天。
We are going to play basketball this afternoon.今天下午我們要去打籃球。
We don't like bridge very much.我們不太喜歡橋牌。
4)語言的名稱前不用冠詞。
Can you speak English?
你會講英語嗎?
It's difficult to learn Chinese well.要學(xué)好中文很難。
Tom knows English but he doesn't know French.湯姆懂英語但不懂法語。
5)某些固定詞組不用冠詞。
by air, on foot, at night, after school, at home, go to class, in fact, from morning till night.I'm going to Chicago by air next week.下周我要乘飛機(jī)去芝加哥。
I go to school on foot.我步行去學(xué)校上學(xué)。
In fact, I don't know him at all.實(shí)際上,我一點(diǎn)也不認(rèn)識他。
He is at home today.他今天在家。名詞
A)、名詞的數(shù)
我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分,復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:
一)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來詞)。如:radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有:fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù),沒有單數(shù)的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
八)單詞形式不變,既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有:police警察局,警察, class班,同學(xué), family家,家庭成員
九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞,多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals;但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時為復(fù)數(shù)。如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如:fish魚 fishes魚的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙,卷子,論文, work工作 works作品,工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯,眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時間 times時代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
十一)單個字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或's。如:Is(I's), Ks(K's)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs
十二)特殊形式的有:child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
B)名詞的格
當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時,我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下:
一)單數(shù)在后面加's。如:brother's, Mike's, teacher's
二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加',如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如:Teachers' Day教師節(jié), classmates';Children's Day六一節(jié), Women's Day三八節(jié)
三)由and并列的名詞所有時,如果是共同所有同一人或物時,只加最后一個's,但分別擁有時卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如:Mike and Ben's room邁克和本的房間(共住一間),Mike's and Ben's rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)動詞 A)第三人稱單數(shù)
當(dāng)動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s,如下:
一)一般在詞后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
二)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes
三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如:does, goes
五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has
B)現(xiàn)在分詞
當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時,動詞要使用分詞形式,不能用原形,構(gòu)成如下:
一)一般在后加ing。如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(注意除開字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
1.形容詞的級
我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對比時,則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下:
一)一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer-nicest, larger-largest
二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個元音字母+1個輔音字母(字母組合除外,如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
四)特殊情況:(兩好多壞,一少老遠(yuǎn))
good/wellmore most bad/ill – worse worst
little-less least old-older/elder oldest/eldest far-farther/further farthest/furthest
2.數(shù)詞(基變序,有規(guī)則;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾,變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。)
first, second, third;fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth;seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth;twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth.Could you … ?(你 / 你們……好嗎?)句型多用來表示請求,這里的 could 比 can 語氣更加委婉、客氣和有禮貌,肯定回答多為:OK / All right!/ Certainly!/ Of course.否定回答常是:
Sorry , I /
we can’t.(不用couldn’t)。如:
—Could you lend me your dictionary ?
—Of course.2.one 不僅可用作基數(shù)詞表―一‖之意,也能用作代詞替代前面所提可數(shù)名詞中的―一個‖或代指―任何人‖。例:)One and two is three.一加二等于三。)I don’t have pens.Please give one to me.我沒有鋼筆,請給我一支。
3)One must love one’s country.任何人都必須愛國。.You’re welcome.用來回答對方的感謝時,相當(dāng)于That’s OK./ that’s all right./ Not at all.。如:
—Thank you very much.— You’re welcome..too 這個副詞作―太‖講時通常修飾形容詞或副詞(放在其前);作―也‖講時多位于句尾(其前用逗號隔開)。例:
1)Your bag is too big.你的包太大。
2)Your bag is big , too.你的包也大。.當(dāng)名詞前有定冠詞、指示代詞和物主代詞修飾時,all習(xí)慣上放在這些限定詞之前。例:all my books(我所有的書)。.the other 通常表示兩者(部分)中的―另外那個(些)‖,而不帶定冠詞的 other 多用來泛指―另一些‖。試比較:)The twins are English.One is Lucy , the other is Lily.這對雙胞胎是英國人,一個叫露西,另一個叫莉莉。)I have many friends.Some are teachers , others are police men.我有很多朋友,一些是教師,另一些是警察。.socks , shoes , trousers , glasses(眼鏡)等表示兩部分構(gòu)成的整體東西的名詞習(xí)慣上用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如果指―一雙(副)‖,應(yīng)用a pair of 短語修飾。例:
a pair of socks(一雙短襪),a pair of glasses(一副眼鏡)等。
A pair of shoes is under the bed.8.當(dāng)詢問―某人(物)怎么啦?‖時,句型常用 What’s wrong with … ? 這里的疑問詞 what 不可受漢語的影響誤用 how。例:
—What’s wrong with your kite ? 你的風(fēng)箏怎么啦?
—It’s broken.它壞了。.worry 作及物動詞用時其后習(xí)慣上只接人作賓語,意為―使……擔(dān)心‖;worry 用作不及物動詞其后能接人或物作賓語,但必須用介詞 about,意為―擔(dān)心……‖。例:
1)These apples worry me.這些蘋果使我擔(dān)心。
2)Don’t worry about my lessons.別擔(dān)心我的功課。.tea , milk , bread , water , meat , rice 等物質(zhì)名詞均為不可數(shù)名詞,此類名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式,其前不可用不定冠詞、基數(shù)詞、指示代詞等直接修飾,若表示它們的數(shù)量,其前必須加―計(jì)量名詞 + of ‖短
語。例:a bottle of orange(一瓶桔汁),two cups of tea(兩杯茶)。
但是常可以用:two cups of tea = two teas 兩杯茶.It’s time … 句型后接名詞或代詞時要用 for(介詞),后接動詞必須用 to(不定式符號),這里的主語 it 不可換用另的代詞,且 time 前習(xí)慣上不用冠詞。例:)It’s time for class.該上課了。)It’s time to play games.是做游戲的時候了。
注意:It is time for sb to do 該某人干…….something to eat(drink)意為―吃(喝)的東西‖,to eat(drink)為不定式作后置定語修飾不定代詞 something。例:
We have something to eat now.現(xiàn)在我們有東西吃
不可數(shù)名詞用法
不可以用數(shù)目來計(jì)算的名詞稱為不可數(shù)名詞。學(xué)習(xí)不可數(shù)名詞時,應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:some meat , some bread , 不可說 some meats , some breads。
不可數(shù)名詞不能不定冠詞 a , an 及數(shù)詞修飾,但可用 some , any , much(許多),a lot of(許多),a little(一點(diǎn))等直接修飾。如:我們不可以說a tea , two milk , 但可以說 some tea , much meat
不可數(shù)名詞前通常用量詞來表示具體的數(shù)。如:a glass of water , two cups of tea , five pieces of bread。需要注意的是:類似短語中的介詞 of 不能省去,當(dāng)數(shù)詞大于“一”時,量詞需要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
不可數(shù)名詞作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:
These is some water in the bottle.瓶里有些水。
Is there any rice in the bag ? 袋子里有米嗎?
若不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)量詞修飾時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
There are three bottles of orange on the table.桌上有三瓶桔汁。
試比較:There is some orange on the table.對不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問,疑問詞用 how much。例如:
They want two cups of tea.→How much tea do they want ?
There is some milk in the glass.→How much milk is there is the glass ?
對不可數(shù)名詞前量詞部分的修飾語提問題,疑問詞用 how many。例如:
They want two cups of tea.→How many cups of tea do they want ?
不可數(shù)名詞表示特指時可用定冠詞 the 修飾。例如:
The bread on the table is Li Lei's.桌上的面包是李磊的。
有些名詞即可作可數(shù)名詞,也可作不可數(shù)名詞,但意思卻大不相同。如:glass 作可數(shù)名詞,意思是“玻璃杯”,作為不可數(shù)名詞,意思是“玻璃”;room 作可數(shù)名詞,意思是“房間”,作不可數(shù)名詞,意思是“空間”。
I have many friends bread meat milk fish(面包)(肉)(牛奶)(魚)
重點(diǎn)難詞辨析
some 與 any之區(qū)別
some 和 any 都有“一些”的意思,都可作形容詞、代詞,可修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式或不可數(shù)名詞,但兩者用法不同。
一、some 一般用于肯定句中。例如:
I can see some flowers.我能直到一些花。
There is some milk in the glass.杯子里有一些牛奶。
二、any 一般用于否定句和疑問句中。例如:
— Can you see any bread on the table ? 你看到桌子上有面包嗎?
—Yes , I can see some.是的,我看到一些。
—Can you see any girls in the picture ? 你能看到圖畫上的女孩嗎?
—No , I can't see any.不,我一個也看不到。
三、some 可用于表示請求、邀請、希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中。例如: — Can you give me some bread ? 你能給我一些面包嗎?
— Certainly.Here you are.當(dāng)然可以,給你。
Would you like some bread ? 你想要些面包嗎?
同學(xué)們,請看,Polly 給我們編出了一句順口溜:
some 用于肯定句,疑問句、否定用 any,請求、邀請與期待,仍用 some 代 any。
do you like 與 would you like
Do you like … ? 意為“你喜歡……嗎?”“你愛……嗎?”等,是提問者問對方習(xí)慣上喜愛什么,并不指目前一時愛好。其后常跟或 doing 結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。例:
Do you like meat ? 你喜歡吃肉嗎?
Do you like playing basketball ? 你喜歡打籃球嗎?
其肯定回答為 Yes , I do.;否定回答為 No.I don't.。
Would you like … ? 意為 “你想要……嗎?”“你愿意……嗎?”,指說話人委婉地向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蚪ㄗh,是指目前的情況,其后常跟名詞或 to do 結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。例:
Would you like some apples ? 你盧吃一些蘋果嗎?
Would you like to have a cup of tea ?你想喝杯茶嗎?
其肯定回答是 Yes , please.或 Yes , I'd like / love to.;否定回答是 No , thanks./ thank you.或 Yes , I'd like to , but … 等。例:
A : Would you like a bottle of orange ?
B : Yes , please./ No , thanks.would like 還可縮寫為 'd like。例:
I'd like to have a cup of tea.幽默趣賞
1.Tom's Answer
Tom : Dad , black hens are more clever than white hens , aren't they ?
Dad : How do you know it , Tom ?
Tom : Well , black hens can lay white eggs , but white hens can't lay black eggs.湯姆的回答
湯姆:爸爸,黑母雞比白母雞聰明,不是嗎 ?
爸爸:你是怎么知道的,湯姆 ?
湯姆:喏,黑母雞能下白色的蛋,而白母雞不能下黑色的蛋。
2.The Red Ink
Bob : Mum , I'm making a picture of my father.Where is the red ink ?
Mum : What do you want to do with the red ink ?
Bob : I'll colour his nose red.紅墨水
鮑勃:媽媽,我正在畫一張爸爸的像,紅墨水在哪里 ?
媽媽:你用紅墨水干什么 ?
鮑勃:我要把他的鼻子著成紅色。
3.A dishonest cat 一只不誠實(shí)的貓
There lives a cat in the country.It likes telling lies , so that it glosses over its mistakes.在鄉(xiāng)下,有一只貓,它喜歡說謊,以便掩蓋自己的過失。
When it catches a rat , the rat gets away.It says , “ You are too thin.I won't catch you until you become fat.”
它捉老鼠時,老鼠逃跑了。它說:“你太瘦了,等你肥了我再捉你。”
It climbs up a tree to catch birds , the birds flies away , and it falls off the tree.It says again: “ You are too small.I won't catch you until you become big.” 它爬樹去捉鳥,鳥兒飛走了。它從樹上下來又說:“你太小了,等你長大了我再抓你。” 英語語法典型例題及解析
(1)根據(jù)所設(shè)情景選擇最佳答案。如: 1.— ______ ? — It's eight thirty.A.How old is your sister B.What class are you in C.What's the time , please D.What number is your car 2.當(dāng)你有事想問別人,應(yīng)先說聲:______.A.Excuse me B.I'm sorry C.Hello D.OK(2)根據(jù)對話情景,補(bǔ)全對話。如: Kate : Hi , Jim.(1)? Jim : Fine , thank you.And you ? Kate : I'm fine , too.(2)? Jim : Very well , thanks Kate :(3)? Jim : Class Four.Kate :(4)? Jim : Room Five.Kate : Oh , I see.A.Which is here classroom B.How is your sister C.How are you today D.What class is she in 解答“情景交際”題首先要清楚所設(shè)的情景是哪一類交際項(xiàng)目;其次要清楚在哪種情景下該說什么話,該如何表達(dá)自己的思想;還要清楚上下文情景的關(guān)系。
具體題還要具體對待。上面題型(1)中的第2小題,直接選A就行了。而第1小題就必須先辨別A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)各是什么意思,然后看答句的表達(dá)形式,才能依據(jù)交際常識判斷是C。第(2)小題的一組對話設(shè)計(jì)了四個問句,這樣的題則要根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容和交際習(xí)慣,與對話一一對應(yīng)。
選完后一定要默默讀上兩遍,細(xì)心體會一下語感,認(rèn)真檢查一下有無疏漏,最后確定。如果試題有圖片,要善于利用圖片上的信息,幫助答題,要善于從情景中悟出“天機(jī)”。
交際英語講練
問候(Greetings)1.“How are you ? ”“______” A.How do you do ? B.How are you ? C.I'm fine , thank you.D.What do you do ? 介紹(Introductions)2.— Li Ping , ______.— Nice to meet you , Zhang Hong.A.that's my friend , Zhang Hong B.this is Zhang Hong C.she is Zhang Hong D.I introduce Zhang Hong to you 3.“Nice to meet you.”“_______” A.Is that so ? B.I've got a cough.C.Yes , do please.D.Nice to meet you , goo.打電話(Making telephone calls)4.“Hello , 5847552.”“Hi!_____” A.Are you Linda ? B.Who are you ? C.I am David.D.Is that Linda speaking ? 5.— This is John speaking.Who is that ? — _____ A.This is Bill.B.I am Bill.C.You are Bill.D.Where is bill ? 6.— Could I speak to headmaster ? — ______ please.A.Hold on for a moment B.Speak loudly C.He is at work D.What's wrong ? 7.A : Hello!Could I speak to Miss Grey , please ? B : ______ A.I'm Miss Grey.B.Yes , you could.C.SPeaking.D.Who are you ? 答案與簡析:.C。“How are you ? ”是熟人之間常用的客套招呼語,答語常用 “Fine , thank you.”或“Very well , thank you.”表示問候的用語還有“Good morning / afternoon / evening.Hello / Hi.”等,答語須重復(fù)原話。.B。介紹某人,常用句型“This is...”。自我介紹則用“My name is...”或“I'm...”。3.D。“Nice to meet you.”一般在兩人初次見面被互相介紹后使用,其答語為“Nice to meet you , too.”。“How do you do ? ”和“Glad to meet you.”也屬于介紹用語。4.D。打電話時,欲問對方是誰,應(yīng)說“Who is that(speaking)? ”。5.A。打電話時,欲說“我是……”,應(yīng)說“This is...”。.A。接電話時,若想請對方別掛斷或稍等,應(yīng)說“Hold on(for a moment), please.”。7.C。接電話時,若你正是對方要找的人,可說“請講”(Speaking.);若對方要找的人不在,可說“He / She isn't here right now.Can I take a message for you ? ”。
第四篇:初一英語上冊語法總結(jié)
Book 1 上冊 Guide to language use
一.動詞be(is,am,are)的用法:說明身份,年齡,狀態(tài)等。
口訣:我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。
單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。
變疑問,往前提,句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。be動詞的用法:
be動詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來用。
句型解析析:I am+…
I am a student.I am a boy.第二人稱(You)配合are使用。句型解析:You are+…
You are my good friend.You are a good person.第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析:She(He, It)is +…
She is a good girl.She is so cute.人稱復(fù)數(shù)(we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析:We(You, They)are +…
We are in Class 5,Grade 7.You are good students.注意: 綜合解析當(dāng)使用be動詞的時候,前面請先加上第幾人稱。be動詞前面的人稱,是不可隨意替換的。例如:
I am, You are, She is,并不會出現(xiàn)I is, You am, She are 這樣的情形。2 當(dāng)只有第一人稱和第二人稱或第三人稱時應(yīng)該把第二人稱或第三人稱放在前
例如:you and I, Tom and I
當(dāng)?shù)诙朔Q和第三人稱放在一起時把第二人稱放在前面,例如:you and Tom 當(dāng)三者都有時,排序?yàn)椋? 3 1 例如you, Tom and I 練習(xí):1.Where ______ Ann.She ______ here.2.How old ______ you.I ______ thirteen.3.______ you Mr Read.Yes, I ______.4.What ______ your name.My name ____ Ann
二 情態(tài)動詞Can can作“能、會”解,否定式是cannot,縮寫為can’t。
“can+動詞原形”
“can’t+動詞原形”
:表示某人能做或不能做某事 Can 是情態(tài)動詞,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
Can 表示的”能力”為現(xiàn)在的能力,而不是過去或?qū)淼哪芰Α?/p>
Book 1 上冊 Guide to language use 1).for ability表示能力。例如:
—Can you write in English? —Yes, I can.I can run fast,can you?
2).indicating acquired knowledge or skill表示獲得的知識或技能。例如:
—Can she speak Japanese? —No, she can’t.她會說日語嗎?不,她不會。
3).indicating permission表示許可。例如:
Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的報(bào)紙嗎?
Can I take you home?我送你回家行嗎?
We can’t wear jeans at work.我們上班時不準(zhǔn)穿牛仔褲。
4).indicating requests表示要求。例如:
Can you help me with this box?你能幫我弄這個箱子嗎?
Can you feed the cat?你喂喂貓好嗎?
5).indicating possibly表示可能性。例如:
That can’t be Mary—she’s in hospital.那不可能是瑪麗—她住院了。
He can’t have slept through all that noise.那么吵他不可能睡得著覺。
There’s someone outside—who can it be?外面有人—會是誰呢?
6).used to make suggestions用以提出建議。例如:
We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.你愿意的話,咱們可以在飯館吃飯。
I can take the car if necessary.必要時我可以開車去。
三 情態(tài)動詞Would Would是will的過去式,可用于各人稱,表示過去時間的“意志”、“愿望”和 “決心”等。如:I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。2 would用來表示現(xiàn)在時間時時,不論是表達(dá)說話人本身的意志或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱螅^will婉轉(zhuǎn)。如:
Would you like to have a glass of wine? 你要喝杯酒嗎? Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop?
[注]在日常會話中,I would like to和I should like to都可以說,I would like的簡略式為I'd like。如:yes, I’d like to.Yes, I’d love to
Yes, very much.Sorry, ai already have an appointment.Would還可以表示過去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動作
I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。
When he had a problem to solve,he would work at it until he found an answer.當(dāng)他有個問題要解決時,他總是想辦法一直到找到答案為止。練習(xí):-Can you speak Japanese?
-No, I____.A.mustn't
B.can't
C.needn't
D.may not 2 The children___ play football on the road.A.can't
B.can
C.mustn't
D.must 3-Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? A.Here you are
B.Sorry, I can't
C.Yes, please
D.Let me try Book 1 上冊 Guide to language use Excuse me.___ you please pass me that cup? A.Do
B.Should
C.Would
D.Must 5 ___ you like to have another try? A.Could
B.Will
C.Would
D.Do 6-Would you like to go boating with us?
-Yes, ___.A.I'd like
B.I want C.I'd like to
D.I do 四 “there be”句型
There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時)有某人(某物)。
”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時)”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒有詞義;主語是be后面的名詞,be是謂語動詞,在一般現(xiàn)在時中be只用is和are兩種形式。There be句型中的be動詞如何確定呢?請先看看下面這首歌訣:
Be動詞,有三個,am,is還有are。“There be”真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用is還是are,須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is,否則就用are。如:
①There is a tree behind the house.②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子).③There are some pears in the box.(3)注意:如果“be”后的主語是由and連接的兩個或兩個以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說,“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個名詞來確定的。若那個名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如: ①There is a book and some pens on the floor.②There are some pens and a book on the floor.肯定句:there is an apple on the table 否定句:there isn't an apple on the table.一般疑問句: Is there an apple on the table?
回答:yes, there is./ No, there isn't 特殊疑問句:what is there on the table.1.定義:There be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。2.結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語.(2)There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語.there是引導(dǎo)詞,在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,翻譯時也不必譯出。句子的主語是某人或某物,謂語動詞be要與主語(某人或某物)的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語是兩個或兩個以上的名詞時,謂語動詞要與跟它最近的那個名詞一致。
① There is a bird in the tree.樹上有一只鳥。
② There is a teacher and many students in our classroom.我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。
③ There are two boys and a girl under the tree.樹下有兩個男孩,一個女孩。3.There be句型與have的區(qū)別:
(1)There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含義。區(qū)別如下:There be表示“某處存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”,它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。eg.①He has two sons.他有兩個兒子。Book 1 上冊 Guide to language use
②There are two men in the office.辦公室里有兩個男人。
(2)當(dāng)have表示“包括”、“存在”的含義時,There be 句型與其可互換。
①A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.一個星期有七天。4 變臉一:否定句
There be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動詞的其它句型一樣,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a/an/any + n.相當(dāng)于no+ n.。例如:
There are some pictures on the wall.→There aren't any pictures on the wall.=There are no pictures on the wall.There is a bike behind the tree.→ There isn't a bike behind the tree.=There is no bike behind the tree.5 變臉二:一般疑問句
There be句型的一般疑問句變化是把be動詞調(diào)整到句首,再在句尾加上問號即可,此為“調(diào)整法”。但同時要注意:當(dāng)肯定句中有some時,要將其改為any(否定變化也一樣)。看看下面兩句是如何“改頭換面”的吧:
There is some water on Mars.→ Is there any water on Mars? There are some fish in the water.→Are there any fish in the water? 6 變臉三:特殊疑問句
There be句型的特殊疑問句形式有以下三種變化:
① 對主語提問:當(dāng)主語是人時,用“Who's+介詞短語?”;當(dāng)主語是物時,用“What's + 介詞短語?”。注意:無論原句的主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),對之提問時一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來決定)。如: There are many things over there.→What's over there? There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room? ② 對地點(diǎn)狀語提問:提問地點(diǎn)當(dāng)然用“Where is / are+主語?”啦!例如: There is a computer on the desk.→ Where is the computer? There are four children on the playground.→Where are the four children? ③ 對數(shù)量提問:一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu):
How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語? How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語? 練習(xí):
五
“have got” 六
序數(shù)詞 七 一般現(xiàn)在時
一般現(xiàn)在時:
1)它表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g.I go to school on foot.He is very busy now.2)表示主語的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。
e.g.He can swim.I work hard.I like watching TV.3)表示客觀真理,表示格言或警句中
e.g.There are seven days in a week.The moon moves round the earth.一 其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語序,即“主語+謂語+其它”,有時為了起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,時間狀語也可提前.二 其句式變化可分為兩種情況 Book 1 上冊 Guide to language use
1)表示動作,一般人稱作主語的,變否定句須在動詞前加助動詞don’t;變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞do。
They have lunch at 12:00.They don’t have lunch at 12:00.Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2)單三人稱做主語的,變否定句須在動詞前加助動詞doesn’t;變一般疑問句須在句首加助動詞does。
Jenny speaks English very well.Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.Does Jenny speak English very well?
含有be動詞的要在be上做變化.E.g.Danny is a good student.Danny isn’t a good student.Is Danny a good student? 三 其時間狀語為often、usually、always、sometimes等頻率副詞,on Saturdays、in the morning(afternoon evening)、every day 等。
做題時常見錯誤如下:
一、be動詞與行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在句子中 例:We are plant(plant)the trees in spring.解析:學(xué)生往往會用漢語的思維方式去翻譯,就成了“我們是在春天植樹”。這是學(xué)習(xí)英語最忌諱的,要看語法是不是正確,在英語中,be是表狀態(tài),do是表動作,兩種動詞不能同時出現(xiàn)在句子中,可記住如下口訣:“英漢語言有差異,be、do不能放一起,仔細(xì)琢磨細(xì)分析,語法千萬要牢記。”
二、單三人稱形式易出錯
例:1 He plaies(play)football very well.2 Danny gos(go)to school at 7:10.答案:1 plays 2 goes
解析:1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es;2與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不同,變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.三、在句式變換時易出錯
例:1 Does Jenny has(has)a good friend? 2 Brian doesn’t lives(not live)in China.答案:1 Does have
doesn’t live 解析:單三人稱做主語的一般現(xiàn)在時做句式變化時,可記住如下口訣:“見助動,用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過去時態(tài)中。e.g.He didn't go home yesterday.四、對do的理解易出錯
例:We don’t(not do)our homework in the afternoon.答案:don’t do
解析:do是一個比較難理解的詞,它有三個含義: a)是所有行為動詞的總稱;b)是助動詞,無實(shí)義;c)是一個具體的行為動詞“做,干”。此句中給出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň洌薯氃赿o前加助動詞don’t。
五、對主語的數(shù)判斷有誤
例: Li Ming with me are(be)in Beijing.答案: is
解析:表面一看是“我和李明兩個人在北京”,但with在此做伴隨狀語,不能做主語,故用is.另外,賓語從句中,從句部分若是表示客觀真理,不管主句是何時態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時;在時間和條件狀語從句中,主句表將來,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時。練習(xí): Jenny ____ in an office.Her parents ____in a hospital.Book 1 上冊 Guide to language use
A work works
B works work C work are working D is working work 2 One of the boys_____ a black hat.A have
B there is
C there are D has 3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain 4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.A rose;set
B rises;sets C rises, set D rise;sets 5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.A like;listen
B likes;listens
C like;are listening
D liking;listen 6 Jenny____ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied 答案:1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B 1 I can take Li Ming there when he _____(come)to visit.2 _____your sister_____(know)English? 3Her home____ _____ ______(遠(yuǎn)離)her school.4The pot_____(not look)like yours very much.5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day? 6 Who_____(想要)to go swimming? 7 ______she_____(do)the housework every day? 8 Jenny and Danny usually______(play)games in the afternoon.答案:1 comes Does know 3 is away from 4 doesn't look do have 6 wants does do play
補(bǔ)充知識點(diǎn):
一.this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。
(2)距離說話人近的人或物用this, 距離說話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如: This is a flower.這是一朵花。(近處)That is a tree.那是一棵樹。(遠(yuǎn)處)(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西,先說this, 后說that。如:
This is a pen.That is a pencil.這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。(4)向別人介紹某人時說This is…, 不說That is…。如:
This is Helen.Helen, this is Tom.這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。(5)This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如:
This is a bike.That’s a car.這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。(6)打電話時,介紹自己用this, 詢問對方用that。如: —Hello!Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐嗎? —Yes, this is.Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是誰?
注意:雖然漢語中使用“我”和“你”,但英語中打電話時絕不可以說:
I am…, Are you…?/Who are you? Book 1 上冊 Guide to language use
(7)在回答this或that作主語的疑問句時, 要用it代替this或that。如: ①—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎?
—Yes, it is.是的,它是。②—What’s that? 那是什么?
—It’s a kite.是只風(fēng)箏。
二. these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代詞,these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。①This is my bed.That is Lily’s bed.這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。②These pictures are good.那些畫很好。③ Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹嗎?
在回答主語是these或those的疑問句時,通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。④Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎? Yes, they are.是的,他們是。
三.不定冠詞a和an a和an都是不定冠詞,表示一(個,支,本,塊……)的意思,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別,用來限定名詞。
a用在輔音素開頭的單數(shù)名詞前,如:a pencil(一支鉛筆),a book(一本書); an用在元音音素開頭的名詞前,如an eraser(一塊橡皮)。如果名詞前有修飾語,用a還是用an,則以該修飾語的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如:
a clock 一座鐘
an old clock 一座舊鐘
a book 一本書
an English book 一本英語書 a nice apple 一個可愛的蘋果
an apple 一個蘋果
四. 名詞+’s所有格
名詞+’s所有格 單數(shù)名詞后直接加 “ ’s ”
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的媽媽 以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只加“’”
Teachers’ Day教師節(jié) the twins’ books雙胞胎的書 不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù),加“ ’s ”
Children’s Day 兒童節(jié) men’s shoes男式鞋 表示兩者共同擁有時,只在最后一個名詞后加’s 表示兩者各自擁有時,要在每個名詞后加’s
Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽,一個媽媽)Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間,兩間房子)Book 1 上冊 Guide to language use
五.like一詞的用法
like用作及物動詞,譯為“喜歡”。
(1)后接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如: I like the baby very much.我非常喜歡這個小孩。
(2)后接動名詞(v.-ing),表示“喜歡做某事”,著重于習(xí)慣、愛好。如: Tom likes playing football.湯姆喜歡踢足球。
(3)后接動詞不定式(to do),表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”,著重于某次具體的行為。如: I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening.我喜歡讀書,但我今晚想看電視。
六.句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),注意以下五要素
(1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。She is a girl.→They are girls.(2)am,is要變?yōu)閍re。如:
I’m a student.→We are students.(3)不定冠詞a,an要去掉。如: He is a boy.→They are boys.(4)普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如: It is an apple.→They are apples.(5)指示代詞this,that要變?yōu)閠hese,those。如: This is a box.→These are boxes.七.英語日期的表示法
英語中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞,它們的首字母必須大寫,并且前面無需用冠詞。用英語表示日期,其順序?yàn)樵?日+年,日和年之間需用逗號隔開。
如:August 2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年來表示。
如:10th May,2003(2003年5月10日)英語日期前介詞的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到某一天,則需用介詞on。
①She was born in 1989
②She was born in August.③She was born in August 1989.④She was born on 2nd August, 1989.八. 時間的表達(dá)法
(1)直讀式,即直接讀出時間數(shù)字 7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen(2)過、差式,即幾點(diǎn)差幾分,幾點(diǎn)過幾分。(以30分為分界線)1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half past two 3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five Book 1 上冊 Guide to language use(3)12小時制
6:00 a.m.上午6點(diǎn) 8:20 p.m.下午8點(diǎn)20分(4)24小時制
13:00 13點(diǎn)鐘 22:15 22點(diǎn)15分(5)15分可用quarter 4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six(6)時間前通常用at.at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.九
關(guān)于時間的問法
(1)以when提問,“什么時候”可以是較長的時間段,也可以是較短的時間點(diǎn) ①When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么時候?
②My birthday is Dec.29th.我的生日是12月29日。這里就是指一天的時間段
①When do you go home? 你幾點(diǎn)回家?
②I go home at 4:30 p.m.我下午4:30回家.這里when問的是具體的時間。(2)具體幾點(diǎn)我們通常用what time提問
①What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了? or What’s the time? 幾點(diǎn)了? It’s 9:26.現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)二十六。
②What time is it by your watch? 你手表幾點(diǎn)了?
It’s 8:36.Oh, It’s 50 minutes late 8:36,哦,它慢了50分鐘。③What time do you get up? 你幾點(diǎn)起床? I get up at 6:00 a.m.我早上6點(diǎn)起床。
十
名詞復(fù)數(shù):
在英語里面,名詞分可數(shù)名詞(countable noun)和不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable noun)不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,用時只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用;
可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,一個的前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而復(fù)數(shù)即兩個或兩個以上的要作相應(yīng)的變化,情況如下:(1)特殊詞,特殊變化,需單獨(dú)記:
child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer(2)一般的詞在單數(shù)詞后直接+“s”:
book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon→cartoons(3)以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞+“es” box→boxes,watch→watches(4)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es” family→families,comedy→comedies(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加es Book 1 上冊 Guide to language use
knife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves(6)不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.十一
want用法
(1)想干什么用want to do sth They want to join the sports club.他們想加入運(yùn)動俱樂部。(2)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語,want要作變化
①He wants to play basketball.②Li Xia wants to play the piano.(3)變疑問句,否定句要借助助動詞do或does.①-Do you want to play soccer ball ? -Yes , I do./ No , I don’t.②-Does he want to go home by bus ? -Yes , he does./ No , he doesn’t
十二 人稱代詞
主格: I we you she he it they 賓格: me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their 名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
第五篇:六年級英語上冊各單元知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
2016六年級英語上冊各單元知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)
PEP六年級上冊四會單詞
Unit 1:by(經(jīng)……,乘……)foot(腳)bike(自行車)bus(公共汽車)train(火車)how(怎樣)go to school(上學(xué))traffic(交通)traffic light(交通燈)traffic rule(交通規(guī)則)
stop(停;停車站)wait(等;等待)get to(到達(dá))by plane(乘飛機(jī))by ship(乘輪船)by subway(乘地鐵)
Unit 2:library(圖書館)post office(郵局)hospital(醫(yī)院)cinema(電影院)bookstore(書店)turn(轉(zhuǎn)彎)then(然后)where(在哪里,到哪里)please(請)next to(與……相鄰)turn right(向右轉(zhuǎn))turn left(向左轉(zhuǎn))go straight(筆直走)north(北)south(南)east(東)west(西)
Unit 3:next week(下周)this morning(今天上午)this afternoon(今天下午)this evening(今天晚上)comic book(漫畫書)post card(明信片)newspaper(報(bào)紙)buy(購買)
Unit 4:hobby(愛好)ride a bike—riding a bike(騎自行車)play the violin—playing the violin(拉小提琴)dive—diving(跳水)make kites—making kites(制作風(fēng)箏)collect stamps—collecting stamps(集郵)live—lives(居住)teach—teaches(教)go—goes(去)watch—watches(看)read—reads(讀,看)does(助動詞,無義)doesn’t=does not
Unit 5:singer(歌唱家,歌手)writer(作家)actor(男演員)actress(女演員)artist(畫家)TV reporter(電視臺記者)engineer(工程師)accountant(會計(jì))salesperson(銷售員)policeman(男警察)cleaner(清潔工)where(在哪里;到哪里)work(工作)
Unit 6:rain(雨;下雨)cloud(云;云彩)sun(太陽)stream((小)河;(小)溪)come from(來自……;從……來)seed(種子)soil(土壤)sprout(苗;芽;嫩芽)plant(植物;種植)should(應(yīng)該)then(然后)
PEP六年級上冊三會單詞
a pair of(一雙)always(總是;一直)dictionary(詞典;字典)magazine(雜志)tomorrow(明天)excuse me(對不起)fun(快樂;樂趣)go to the cinema(去看電影)look(看上去)month(月份;月)read a magazine(閱讀雜志)science museum(科學(xué)博物館)shoe store(鞋店)show(展覽;演出;表演;節(jié)目)take(乘坐)take a trip(去旅行)tell(告訴)tonight(今晚)vapour(蒸汽;水汽)want(想要)with(同……;和……)know(知道)minute(分鐘)again(再一次;又;再)
PEP六年級上冊四會句型
Unit 1 How do you go to school, Sarah? 薩拉,你怎樣去上學(xué)? Usually I go to school on foot.通常我步行去上學(xué)。Sometimes I go by bike.有時候,我騎自行車去。
How can I get to Zhongshan Park? 我怎樣能到達(dá)中山公園? You can go by the No.15 bus.你可以乘15路公交車去。Unit 2 Where is the cinema, please? It’s next to the hospital.請問,電影院在哪里?它與醫(yī)院相鄰。
Turn left at the cinema, then go straight.It’s on the left.在電影院處向左轉(zhuǎn),然后直行。它在左邊。Unit 3 What are you going to do on the weekend? 周末你打算干什么?
I’m going to visit my grandparents this weekend.這個周末我打算拜訪我的祖父母。
Where are you going this afternoon? I’m going to the bookstore.今天下午你打算去哪里?我打算去書店。
What are you going to buy? 你打算買什么? I am going to buy a comic book.我打算買一本漫畫書。Unit 4 What’s your hobby? 你的愛好是什么? I like collecting stamps.我喜歡集郵。He likes collecting stamps, too.他也喜歡集郵。
Does she teach English? No, she doesn’t.她教英語嗎?不,她不教。
Does she teach you math? Yes, she does.她教你數(shù)學(xué)嗎? 是的,她教數(shù)學(xué)。Unit 5 What does your mother do?你的媽媽是干什么的? She is a TV reporter.她是一位電視工作者。Where does she work?她在哪里上班? She works in a school.她在一所學(xué)校上班。
How does she go to work? 她怎樣去上班?She goes to work by bus.她坐公交車去上班。Unit 6 Where does the rain come from? It comes from the clouds.雨來自哪里? 它來自于云朵。How do you do that? 你怎樣做那件事呢?
What should you do then?接下來,你應(yīng)該做什么呢?
PEP六年級上冊三會句型
1.My home is near.我的家很近。2.What about you?你呢?
3.Look at the traffic lights.看交通燈。
4.Remember the traffic rules.記住交通規(guī)則。5.Stop at a red light.紅燈停。6.Wait at a yellow light.黃燈等。7.Go at a green light.綠燈行。
8.Can I go on foot? Sure, if you like.It’s not far.我能步行去嘛?當(dāng)然,如果你喜歡。它不遠(yuǎn)。9.Where is the …? It’s near the …
10.Excuse me, is there a … near here? Yes, there is.打擾一下,在這附近有沒有一家…?是的,有。11.Is it far from here? No, it’s not far.它離這兒遠(yuǎn)嗎? 不,它不遠(yuǎn)。12.–Thank you.–You’re welcome.謝謝,不客氣。13.Where is the …? …在哪里?
It’s east/west/south/north of the …它在…的東邊,西邊,南邊,北邊。
14.When are you going? I am going at 3 o’clock.你打算什么時候去?我打算3點(diǎn)鐘去。15.Can he go with us? Sure.他能和我們一起去嘛?當(dāng)然。16.Let’s go together.讓我們一起去吧。
17.There is a stamp show on Sunday.在星期天,有一個郵票展。18.She is a teacher.She teaches math.她是一位老師,她教數(shù)學(xué)。19.Does your pen pal live in Shanghai?你的筆友住在上海嗎?
No, he doesn’t.He lives in Beijing.不,他不住上海。他住在北京。
20.Where does she work? She works in a car company.她在哪里上班?她在一家汽車公司上班。21.How does she go to work? She goes to work by bus.她怎樣去上班呢?她坐公交車去上班。22.Where does the … come from? It comes from the … …來自于哪里?它來自于… 23.How can the water become vapour?水如何能變成蒸汽呢?
The sun shines and the water becomes vapour.在太陽的照射下,水就變成了蒸汽。24.How do you do that?你怎樣做那件事呢?
First, put the seeds in the soil.首先,把種子放進(jìn)土壤里。25.It’s easy.它很簡單。
26.What should you do then?接下來你應(yīng)該做什么呢?
Water them.In several days, you can see a sprout.給它們澆水,幾天后,你就能看見一株幼苗。27.First, …Then, …Next, …At last, …首先,然后,接下來,最后,語法復(fù)習(xí)
一、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)(3種變化規(guī)律)
1.直接加ing:do—doing draw—drawing cook—cooking answer—answering read—reading listen—listening fly—flying sing—singing play—playing 2.去掉末尾的e加ing:write—writing dance—dancing take—taking have—having make—making ride—riding dive—diving 3.雙寫末尾字母加ing: get—getting run—running swim—swimming sit—sitting put—putting 你正在干什么? What are you doing? I’m answering the phone.他/她/它正在干什么? What is he/she/it doing? He’s/She’s/It’s … 他(她、它)們正在干什么?What are they doing? They are … 看到like或likes后面的動詞要加上ing 二、一般將來時態(tài)(be going to/will + 動詞原形)表示一般將來時的時間狀語有:this morning, this afternoon, this evening, tomorrow, tonight, this weekend, on the weekend, next week, next month, next year, next weekend.(今晚)你將要做什么?What are you going to do(this evening)? I’m going to the cinema.I’m going to visit my grandparents.你將什么時候去? When are you going? I’m going at 7:10.你將怎樣去呢? How are you going? I’m going by bus.今天下午你將要去哪里?Where are you going this afternoon? I’m going to the bookstore.你將要買什么呢? What are you going to buy? I’m going to buy a comic book.你將和誰一起去? Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.三、第三人稱單數(shù)后面的動詞要加s或es 1.一般情況加s,如:read—reads;live—lives;play—plays;sing—sings 2.動詞末尾以s,x,ch,sh或部分以o結(jié)尾的加es。(記住課本中出現(xiàn)的這幾個:watches, teaches, goes, does, washes, passes)
3.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的把y變i再加es,如:fly—flies;study—studies 4.特殊情況:have--has 5.第三人稱單數(shù)包括:he;she;it;my father/friend;Amy/Hangzhou等一個人名或地名。
例如:He likes drawing pictures.She works in a car company.It comes from the clouds.My father goes to work on foot.Li Lei often plays computer games after lunch.6.一般疑問句記住:前面助動詞加了es,后面動詞就不變化了。例如:
Does she teach English?
Does your pen pal live in Hangzhou?
四、不定冠詞a和an的用法
a用于輔音因素開頭的單詞前;an用于元音因素開頭的單詞前。(a,e,i,o,u)記住課本中出現(xiàn)的要用an的單詞:an actor;an actress;an artist;an engineer;an accountant;an English book;an orange;an apple;an old woman
五、動詞變化為表示職業(yè)或人的單詞 1.動詞后面加er:work—worker;teach—teacher;sing—singer;TV report—TV reporterclean—cleaner 2.動詞后面加or:act—actor;doctor 3.末尾以e結(jié)尾的直接加r:write—writer;dance—dancer;drive—driver 4.動詞后面加ist:art—artist;tour—tourist 5.職業(yè)男女有區(qū)別的:警察policeman—policewoman;演員actor—actress
六、8個疑問詞
which(哪一個)what(什么)when(什么時候)where(哪里)whose(誰的)why(為什么)how(怎么樣)who(誰)
七、人稱代詞和物主代詞
I—my(我—我的)you—your(你;你們—你的;你們的)he—his(他—他的)she—her(她—她的)we—our(我們—我們的)they—their(他們/她們/它們—他們的/她們的/它們的)
八、can后面加動詞原形 What can you do? I can cook the meals.He can fly kites.She can play the violin.