第一篇：新東方3500詞匯課堂筆記

詞根：fem/ femin 詞根的意思是“女的，女性的”。

Female，和male相對(duì)，簡(jiǎn)單記一下male是男性，所以female則是女性。因?yàn)椤癴e”讀音同“非”。從構(gòu)詞法角度看，female是由“fem+ ale（adj.詞根）”組成。由上面的詞根意思可以得出這個(gè)單詞的意思。

Feminine，同樣也是跟女性有關(guān)的一個(gè)詞。意為“女性的、婦女的”

Feminism這個(gè)詞是由“femin+ ism（主義、思想）”組成。那么它的意思是女性主義。

詞根circum，它作為詞根的意思是“環(huán)繞、周圍”的意思。

第一個(gè)單詞：circumstance，是由“circum+ stance”組成，這個(gè)stance是個(gè)名詞性的后綴，和stand這個(gè)詞很相近，這里理解為“站”，一個(gè)站著，它的周圍是什么？當(dāng)然是環(huán)境，周遭的意思啦。Circumnavigate這個(gè)詞同樣也是兩部分組成，這個(gè)詞根后面的這個(gè)綴是navigate，是由navy加上“-gate”這樣一個(gè)表示動(dòng)詞屬性的綴，我們知道navy是海軍，航海的意思。那么navigate其實(shí)就是航海的意思。再加上前面的詞根，就是環(huán)航世界的意思。Circumspect同樣也是兩部分組成。那么-spect這個(gè)詞根的意思是“看”，那么如果一個(gè)人在一個(gè)環(huán)境下東看看，西望望，說明這個(gè)人怎么樣？應(yīng)該是很小心謹(jǐn)慎的吧。所以我們這樣得出這個(gè)單詞的意思。

好，我們看前綴com/ con, 那么它們倆的意思都是“一致、共同、完全”的意思。第一個(gè)單詞是combine，是由com+ bine 組成的，那么詞根bine的意思是捆綁，集合的意思，所以combine就是聯(lián)合、結(jié)合的意思。記住它的短語叫： combine…with…。Compatriot依然是兩部分組成，后面patriot是愛國者，依據(jù)詞綴含義，那么compatriot為：同胞。Commend由com+ mend 組成，mend作為詞根的意思是“信任、命令”。所以commend是贊揚(yáng)，贊許，推薦的意思。可以看一下下面的詞匯擴(kuò)展，它的意思是因?yàn)槟呈露頁P(yáng)、贊許某人。

Compete，兩部分組成，其中詞根pete的意思“追逐，追求”，如果一件事，很多共同去追求，這就形成了比賽，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這個(gè)單詞的意思也就出來了。它的名詞是competition，要記住。

Compress，兩部分，詞根press是擠壓，壓縮的意思。所以這個(gè)單詞的意思也就是壓縮，壓制。Conclude，兩部分，詞根clude的意思是“關(guān)閉、結(jié)束”，之前我們學(xué)的include、exclude中的clude就是這個(gè)意思。那么conclude什么意思呢？“完全關(guān)閉、完全結(jié)束”，那當(dāng)然是總結(jié)、作結(jié)的意思了。比如，我們寫文章得出一個(gè)結(jié)論，我們就可以說：reach a conclusion（它是conclude的名詞），或者說arrive at a ~。

詞根phone，作為單詞是電話的意思。當(dāng)它作為詞根，意思是“聲音”，telephone，兩部分組成，tele-是“遠(yuǎn)程的”，phone是聲音，遠(yuǎn)處傳來的聲音，應(yīng)該是電話才能做到吧。Microphone，讀音是什么？“麥克風(fēng)”，對(duì)，意思出來了。詞根vis，它的意思是“看”，visit，兩部分，尾綴it的意思“走”，那么邊走邊看，當(dāng)然是訪問的意思了。記住這個(gè)短語：pay a visit to，訪問。下面的一個(gè)單詞vision，它的后綴是ion，表示名詞性的后綴，詞根我們已知曉，所以單詞的意思肯定跟“看”有關(guān)，意思是“視線，視覺”。Visual，同樣兩部分組成，其中ual是形容詞性的后綴，這個(gè)單詞依然與看有關(guān)，所以意思是“視線的，視覺的”。

詞根graph，當(dāng)它作為一個(gè)單詞時(shí)，意思是“圖表，曲線”，是個(gè)基本詞。當(dāng)它作為詞根時(shí)，意思表示“寫”，由此我們看，telegraph，兩部分組成，tele，這個(gè)前綴，前面的課程我已經(jīng)跟大家講過，它的意思是“遠(yuǎn)程的、長(zhǎng)距離的”，那么“長(zhǎng)距離的寫”是什么意思？那只有“電報(bào)機(jī)可以做到。”因?yàn)殡妶?bào)機(jī)可以這邊寫，另一邊就可以接收的。詞根sym，它的意思是“相同，一致”，symmetry，由sym+ metry構(gòu)成，其中metry這個(gè)詞根的意思是“結(jié)構(gòu)”。那么“相同的結(jié)構(gòu)”？當(dāng)然是對(duì)稱了，它是個(gè)名詞。Sympathy，它的詞根pathy 來自于passion，passion我們都知道它表示的是“情感”，所以把前綴連起來就是“同樣的情感”，同情。

例句：重點(diǎn)記住show sympathy for sb.“對(duì)某人表示同情”；do sb.a favor 幫助某人。

前綴de，是一個(gè)比較常見的前綴，它的主要意思有：去掉、變壞、離開、向下，總之是不好的。

Destruction，三部分：de+ struct+ion，其中struct就是來自于structure，（結(jié)構(gòu)、框架），那么de表示變壞，該單詞就是“破壞、毀壞（結(jié)構(gòu)）”。

Desalt，salt大家都知道是什么，de是“去掉”的意思，該單詞就表示去掉鹽分。

Deforest是什么意思呢？“砍伐、毀壞森林”，動(dòng)詞。Devalue，就是降低、去掉價(jià)值。

Depress，press是壓制，壓縮的意思，那么de表示“向下”，所以該單詞的意思是壓縮，壓制。

下面的兩個(gè)斜體單詞分別是：declare 和determine，它們前面共有的前綴de意思就不是我們上面所陳述的意思了。它表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。Declare，de+clare, clare同clear，“澄清，弄清”，所以declare是宣告、宣布的意思。Determine，它的詞根termine的意思是決心，所以determine為“下決心”，determine to do something，語氣比decide要強(qiáng)。

Detrain，train在這里意思是“火車”，那么該次的意思是下火車。

Decode，code是密碼，decode是取消密碼，解碼。

Defame，fame是名譽(yù)，名望的意思，所以defame就是傷及名譽(yù)、名望的行為。“誹謗、中傷”。

下面看family，再熟悉不過了，“飯米粒”嗎？

Familiar是由family+ ar（表示人、物的名詞性后綴），那么家人是不是最熟悉的人？當(dāng)然！所以familiar作為形容詞是“熟悉的”，記住它的兩個(gè)短語“be familiar with/ to”，一定要知道怎么用。給個(gè)公式：主體+ be familiar with+客體。比如，We are familiar with KFC；

二、客體+be familiar to+ 主體。如，Michael Jackson is familiar to us.Unfamiliar是familiar的反義詞。

下面我們看，daily，它由兩部分組成：day+ly.這個(gè)詞有三種詞性，一、名詞，報(bào)紙名：China Daily, 這個(gè)daily就是“日?qǐng)?bào)”的意思；

二、形容詞。Daily work（日常工作）；

三、副詞。如，we do our homework daily.我們每天都做作業(yè)。

Trial，由try+al變來的。“-al”是一個(gè)形容詞性兼名詞性的后綴。比如arrival，survival里面的al是名詞性后綴，所以它們都是名詞。既然這個(gè)詞由try變來，意思肯定跟try還是分不開的，所以它是“嘗試、試驗(yàn)”的意思。我們看一下詞匯擴(kuò)展：

第一個(gè)，be on trial，意思是“在試驗(yàn)中、在受審中”。例句的意思是：我提到的案子還在審理中，結(jié)果將會(huì)在今天下午公布出來。

第二個(gè)，trial and error，意思是“反復(fù)試驗(yàn)”，這個(gè)短語務(wù)必記住。例句意思是：很幸運(yùn)，愛迪生通過反復(fù)試驗(yàn)，最終發(fā)明了電燈泡，他為我們的夜晚帶來了光明。

第三個(gè)，trials and tribulations，我們先看一下例句，我們必須努力嘗試克服—？—達(dá)到事業(yè)上的成功。句子中問號(hào)，我想在讀完這句話以后應(yīng)該能猜出來它的意思了。對(duì)，“艱難困苦”。再看幾組詞：frontier/ boundary 這兩個(gè)詞都有范圍，界限的意思，只不過最大的區(qū)別是frontier是“國境、邊界”的意思，比如漠河那個(gè)地方就是一個(gè)frontier，因?yàn)樗侵袊c俄羅斯的國界線。而boundary則適合用于像安徽和江蘇之間的范圍界定，因?yàn)樗鼈兺瑢僖粋€(gè)范圍，屬于中國。對(duì)不對(duì)？

Holiday和holy，holy是個(gè)基本詞，“神圣的”，所以由它做詞根，加上一個(gè)后綴day，組成holiday，神圣的日子。在外國，holiday就是神圣的日子，因?yàn)樗鼈円龆Y拜。下面兩個(gè)介詞短語，on holiday/ on vacation.兩個(gè)短語意思基本相同，“在度假中”。

課后練習(xí)詳解：

6、答案選D。這里有一個(gè)固定搭配，cause and effect：因果（關(guān)系）。其他詞都不可以。A項(xiàng)reason是理由的意思；B項(xiàng)impact是“不好”的影響，有個(gè)搭配，have an impact on sb./sth.對(duì)??有影響；fact：事實(shí)。

7、答案B。A項(xiàng)event，大事件；B項(xiàng)是冒險(xiǎn)的意思，但它區(qū)別于adventure的地方時(shí)，venture的這種冒險(xiǎn)很有可能導(dǎo)致“喪命，財(cái)產(chǎn)”等這樣的損失。D項(xiàng)是expect的名詞，表示期望、愿望、期盼。句意：每個(gè)新的冒險(xiǎn)都有可能賺錢或者虧本。

8、答案選B。在這里，依據(jù)句意是店家克扣斤兩，意思是缺斤短兩。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，可以修飾weight的是short，而不選C，就像英語中我們修飾價(jià)格一樣，你見過expensive/ cheap price這樣的表達(dá)了嗎？

9、答案是B。C項(xiàng)首先排除，因?yàn)槿绻胹pend的話，主語一定是人！D項(xiàng)也是的。而答案在A和B，如果用Ａ的話，中間一定加個(gè)賓格，如cost sb sth.(money/ time).10、答案選C，所以選項(xiàng)除了D項(xiàng)表示責(zé)任以外，其他三項(xiàng)都有錯(cuò)誤的意思。而A和B都表示一般性錯(cuò)誤，不牽涉到責(zé)任的那種錯(cuò)誤。而C項(xiàng)則牽涉到責(zé)任。電視機(jī)爆了，小男孩想要推卸責(zé)任。

11、答案選D。A項(xiàng)是trace的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，作為動(dòng)詞的意思是追蹤、回溯。顯然不合題意。而B項(xiàng)，skipping是跳讀的意思，不合適。C項(xiàng)是檢查、調(diào)查的意思，也不合適。而最后一項(xiàng)scanning的意思是瀏覽。故選。

12、答案是B。依據(jù)句意是給連體嬰兒做分離手術(shù)，好，找下面的四個(gè)單詞，哪個(gè)有分離的意思即可。A項(xiàng)isolate意思是孤立，C項(xiàng)分配，分開的意思，通常和into一起連用。D項(xiàng)是移開、移走的意思。

13、答案是B。依據(jù)句意，A項(xiàng)是提高的意思，C項(xiàng)是加強(qiáng)，D項(xiàng)是鼓勵(lì)。B項(xiàng)是刺激的意思。句子講的就是喝咖啡有刺激作用，可以讓你清醒。

鞏固與提高：1、2、3、答案選D。固定搭配。Take one’s advice，接受某人的意見。A項(xiàng)是重視的意思； B項(xiàng)是通知，C項(xiàng)是課程，都不合句意。答案選A。依照句意，是把藥品放在兒童夠不著的地方，只有A項(xiàng)可以。Out of reach。

答案選A。hold是把扶、扶持的意思。其他的選項(xiàng)不合句意。B、留下；C保持；D、做，完成。

第二篇：新東方筆記總結(jié)語法+詞匯

第1課

如果想達(dá)到85分以上，詞匯應(yīng)該錯(cuò)6個(gè)以內(nèi)。

Jump for the sun, at least you land on the moon.目標(biāo)定的高一點(diǎn)有好處。

4200單詞要求對(duì)于4級(jí)考試，高三畢業(yè)是1800個(gè)單詞。

我喜歡這里： I like here.Right: I like it here.I can succeed.Right: I can do it.I can make it.注意生活中的英語： Nike勝利女神。Just do it.生活中的英語： Did you have a pleasant journey?(這時(shí)要用降調(diào))

I am very much frightened because a girl named Monika stands beside me.Oh, thank god!He’s not the president now.(我很害怕)I was just screwed up.(我一團(tuán)糟)四級(jí)考試中常見的考察詞匯的題型：

I 押韻題型（押頭韻、押尾韻）；

答案總在相似中，如果有三個(gè)一樣，基本上就在其中了。

54.The rain was heavy and _A_ the land was flooded.A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently

continue v.繼續(xù)，連續(xù)； continually adv.時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地； continuously adv.連續(xù)不斷地。

說不停的咳嗽時(shí)，continually是間歇的時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的咳嗽，continuously是一直不停的咳嗽。

consequently adv.因此，所以；(heavy rain大雨, light rain小雨)constantly adv.始終如一地，連續(xù)發(fā)生地；constant temperature 恒溫

consistently adv.一貫地，一致地； consistent adj.consistent policy 一貫的政策。

36.I hate people who _C_ the end of a film that you haven't seen before.A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse

rewrite v.重寫，改寫； revise vt.修改，修正； reveal vt.揭示，揭露；

reverse vt.顛倒，使反轉(zhuǎn)，使反向。(vers是詞根，表示轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；re是前綴，表示向相反方向)42.There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance.A preferable B considerable C possible D available

performance n.表演，演出，演奏； perform vt.possible adj.可能的

動(dòng)詞后加able構(gòu)成形容詞通常表示“可…的” read-> readable accept-> acceptable consider vt.考慮； considerable adj.(數(shù)量或尺寸)相當(dāng)大(或多)的。

preferable adj.更好的，更可取的；

available* adj.可獲得的，可利用的，可支配的。(重點(diǎn)詞)

33.In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _D_ for living expenses.A acceptable B applicable C advisable D available living expenses 生活費(fèi)； acceptable adj.可接受的；

apply vt.申請(qǐng)，應(yīng)用； applicable adj.可應(yīng)用的，適當(dāng)?shù)模线m的；

advise vt.建議； advice n.建議； advisable adj.明智的，可取的。

54.It is our _A_ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A consistent B continuous C considerate D continual

achieve unity through peaceful means 通過和平手段取得統(tǒng)一； consistent policy 一貫政策

II 構(gòu)詞法題型(詞的轉(zhuǎn)化，合成，派生)；

構(gòu)成符合形容詞的名詞和數(shù)量詞一律用單數(shù)。(見下面2個(gè)例題)

31.Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _B_ movie could not hold our 1 attention.A three-hours B three-hour C three-hours’ D three-hour’s 267.Professor White wrote a _C_ report yesterday.A two-thousand-words B two-thousands-word C two-thousand-word D two-thousands-words

以ly結(jié)尾的不全是副詞； friendly, lonely, lovely, likely, lively adj.考試中常見的否定前綴： un-、dis-、in-、im-

56._B_ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.A Dislike B Unlike C Alike D Liking

like vt.喜歡； dislike vt.不喜歡，厭惡； unlike prep.不象…；

alike adj.& adv.同樣的(地)，相象的(地)； liking n.愛好，嗜好；

take a liking for喜歡…，對(duì)…產(chǎn)生好感。

III近義詞含義比較；

44.There were some _A_ flowers on the table.A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal

unreal adj.不真實(shí)的(不是真實(shí)世界所擁有的，虛幻的)； Ends justify means 不擇手段；

false adj.具有欺騙性的，假的，偽造的； false coin/passport/hair，a false tooth/false teeth unnatural adj.不自然的，經(jīng)常用來修飾人的行為舉止，表示做作的，矯揉造作的。

artificial adj.人造人為的 artificial leg 假肢artificial leather 人造皮 genuine leather 真皮

54.When people become unemployed, it is _C_ which is often worse than lack of wages.A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability

laziness n.懶惰； poverty n.貧窮； poor adj.貧窮的；

idleness n.無事可做(中性，有時(shí)也有貶義含義)； inability n.沒有能力，沒有辦法。

69.A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen.They are a thorough _A_.A nuisance B trouble C worry D anxiety

invade 進(jìn)攻，侵略； nuisance n.(具體的)令人討厭的東西； trouble n.煩惱，麻煩，問題；

worry n.擔(dān)心，發(fā)愁； anxiety n.焦慮。What a nuisance.真是煩。

IV 搭配關(guān)系問題；

extent n.程度； to...extent 到達(dá)…程度，在…程度之上； extent 只能和to搭配。

object vi.反對(duì)； object + to + 動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)詞的ing形式）。

objection n.反對(duì)； objection + to + 動(dòng)名詞（動(dòng)詞的ing形式）。

V 形相近，意相遠(yuǎn)；

65.In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _A_ spring.A late B last C latter D later

late adj.晚的，晚于通常時(shí)間的； late spring 晚春、暮春； last adj.最后的，最終的；

later adj.更晚的（late的比較級(jí)）、時(shí)間概念后一半的；只適用于表示某個(gè)世紀(jì)的后半期；

The later twentieth century.二十世紀(jì)的后一半。

latter adj.（兩者中）后者的； former adj.（兩者中）前者的；

59.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _B_ in the market.A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels

battery n.電池； bargain n.特價(jià)商品； It’s really a bargain.你真會(huì)買東西，不是說真便宜。

basket n.籃子； barrel n.桶； wonderful bargain 物美價(jià)廉的商品；bargain v.討價(jià)還價(jià)；

53.Remember that customers don’t _D_ about prices in that city.2 A debate B consult C dispute D bargain-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------

41.The bridge was named _A_ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A after B with C by D from

cause 事業(yè)； be named after 以…的名字命名；

42.There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance.A preferable B considerable C possible D available preferable adj.更好的，更可取的；

358._C_ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to

具有比較意味的形容詞只要與介詞to搭配即可表示其比較級(jí)。super-表示在…上方，超過… inferior adj.低于…的，劣于…的； superior adj.高于…的，優(yōu)于…的； prior adj.在…之前的Revolutionary War 特指美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)；second adj.第二的（含有比較意味，也與to搭配）

He is second to none.首屈一指，無與倫比；

30.Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.A of B to C with D from

43.It wasn't such a good dinner _C_ she had promised us.A that B which C as D what

such … that … 如此… 以至于… ； sb + be + ___ + sth 空格處應(yīng)為能加雙賓語的動(dòng)詞；

加雙賓語的動(dòng)詞的用法：動(dòng)詞 + sb + sth（主動(dòng)形式）； sb + be + pp + sth（被動(dòng)形式）；

59.American women were _D_ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.[the right to vote 選舉權(quán)]

A ignored B neglected C refused D denied deny v.否認(rèn)，拒絕；deny sb sth 拒絕給予某人某物；

44.They decided to chase the cow away _C_ it did more damage.A unless B until C before D although

45._B_ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A Each B Any C Either D One

common sense 常識(shí)； each 這個(gè)詞在英語中強(qiáng)調(diào)的是個(gè)體與眾不同的特點(diǎn)；

any 這個(gè)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是很多東西在一起的共性； either 兩者之間任何一個(gè)；

31.The medicine is on sale everywhere.You can get it at _C_ chemist’s.A each B some C any D certain

46.All _D_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed

當(dāng)all作定語從句的先行詞時(shí)，從句只能用that來引導(dǎo)； all that = what

47._A_ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing

本題的關(guān)鍵是弄清compare與mountain的關(guān)系； when 可以直接加過去分詞；

before(after)+ being + 過去分詞；

44.After _A_ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A being interviewed B interviewed C interviewing D having interviewed They lose their health to make money, and they lose their money to restore health.48._C_ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.[專家] A That was from Stephen B It was Stephen whom

C It was from Stephen that D It was Stephen that

本題重點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)句式； 當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人且在句子中作賓語時(shí)，其余部分可用whom引導(dǎo)；

49.If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _D_.A suit B set C one D pair

50.Many new _A_ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A opportunities B necessities C realities D probabilities 51.He must have had an accident, or he _A_ then.A would have been here B had to be here C should be here D would be here must have + 過去分詞 表示對(duì)過去行為的肯定推測(cè)；

與過去事態(tài)相反用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 過去分詞 來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣；

must 一定，必須； needn't, don't have to 不必；

53.You _A_ all those calculations!We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A needn’t have done B must not have done C shouldn’t have done D can not have done

should have + 過去分詞 本應(yīng)該，本應(yīng)當(dāng)； shouldn't have done本不應(yīng)該，本不應(yīng)當(dāng)；

44.It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _D_ it.A mustn’t have done B wouldn’t have done C mightn’t have done D didn’t have to do

52.It was essential that the applications forms _C_ back before the deadline.A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent

It be essential that 后面一定用虛擬語氣，且句子謂語動(dòng)詞固定為(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原型；

It was essential that the applications forms send back before the deadline.53.We _D_ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A just have had B have just had C just had D had just had when 還可以表示①剛..就…（有動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系）、②恰在此時(shí)；

44.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _D_ I heard voices.A as B while C after D when

45.I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _C_ something occurred which attracted my attention.A unless B until C when D while

46.It was essential that these application forms _D_ back as early as possible.A must be sent B will be sent C are sent D be sent

第2課

非謂語動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格：短語，句子（或者句子，短語）

1.當(dāng)短語部分有獨(dú)立主語，并且該主語不同于句子主語，這時(shí)短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格。（它最明顯的特點(diǎn)是短語部分有獨(dú)立的主語）。

獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞]

現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的，正在進(jìn)行的行為；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。作題時(shí)要通過判斷動(dòng)作與名詞（代詞）之間的關(guān)系來確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)作由名詞（代詞）發(fā)出時(shí)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞（代詞）是受動(dòng)者時(shí)則用過去分詞。

54.Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.A followed B following C to follow D being followed

49.All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

call off 取消； cancel vt.取消； 四級(jí)中的考點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。

獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 [句子當(dāng)中作狀語]

36.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged as well as 和（相當(dāng)于and）； be encouraged不會(huì)考。

動(dòng)詞不定式有預(yù)示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵(lì)；

been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵(lì)完了，與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞相對(duì)；being encouraged 正在被鼓勵(lì)

2.短語部分沒有獨(dú)立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動(dòng)詞。

非謂語動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞（分詞短語）

句子的主語決定非謂語動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。

43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed perform vt.表演，演出，演奏；

to be performed 將要被演奏； being performed 正在被演奏；

一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：

第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記； [反義] remember 記得；

這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為；這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。

注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。

forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事； forget doing sth.忘記做過某事；

remember to do sth.記得要去做某事； remember doing sth.記得做過某事；

62.I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him offer vt.提出，提供； offer sb.sth./ offer to do sth.him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞；當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞；當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞（賓格）+ 動(dòng)名詞。

形容詞物主代詞：his, her, my, your, their, our。代詞賓格：him, her, me, you, us, them。

第二點(diǎn)：want 想要； want to do sth.想做某事； want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

48.Your hair wants _B_.You'd better have it done tomorrow.A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut 注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。

18.This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味； mean to do sth.打算做某事，意欲… ；mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

25.There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble.[reception desk 接待臺(tái)]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

5-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------55.The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected watch 看電視用，看比賽用； see 看電影用；

感官動(dòng)詞watch, see, hear； 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞（代詞）+ do

be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果； being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過程。

56.The engine _D_ smoke and steam.A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄； give in 屈服，讓步； give off 釋放，放出（煙和氣體）；

give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲；婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程；贈(zèng)送禮品。

57.The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb.+ 分詞； inform v.通知，告知； inform sb.of sth.通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

60.The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb.（注意要看整個(gè)句子）； fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

I fight with him.我和他打起來了。I fight with him against her.我和他并肩對(duì)付她。

61.I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.A all in all B above all C after all D over all

all in all 總而言之；above all 首先，尤其是；after all 畢竟，終究；overall 全面的，總體的in a word 總之，in short 簡(jiǎn)而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。

62._B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

now that 既然，由于（相當(dāng)于since）； ever since 自從…以來。

與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個(gè)表達(dá)形式：

now that 既然，由于； in that 因?yàn)椋?except that 除…之外。

except后面加名詞或代詞；except that后面加句子。

63.What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

be attached to 連接，附屬； This school is attached to Beida.這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。

responsible to 對(duì)…負(fù)有責(zé)任； resistant adj.反抗的，抵抗的； water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to 與..相反（相違背）。

64.John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

regret doing 后悔做過某事； regret to do sth.遺憾的做某事（應(yīng)用語境非常有限）。

63.We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

out of work 失業(yè)； out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著； out of practice 缺乏練習(xí)。

65.They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward in spite of 盡管； carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。

66.Mrs.Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left

be supposed to do sth.應(yīng)該（理應(yīng)）做某事。

37.He’s watching TV? He’s _D_ to be cleaning his room.A known B considered C regarded D supposed regard as 把…認(rèn)作

67.My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied

treat 對(duì)待，處理； I’ll treat you.我請(qǐng)客，應(yīng)用于真正請(qǐng)客之前。It’s on me.應(yīng)用于結(jié)帳時(shí)。

adjust vt.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)； adopt vt.收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)； remedy vt.彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)救，修正；

68.A new technique _C_, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A working out B having worked out

C having been worked out D to have been worded out yields 產(chǎn)量； work out 作出，推出

關(guān)于百分?jǐn)?shù)之前介詞的用法

increase to 80 percent 增加到80%（增加到用to）

increase by 60 percent增加了60%（表示增加的幅度用by）

55.Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.A by B for C to D in

69.Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed spoil vt.寵壞，溺愛

70.When Mr.Jones gets old, he will _B_ over his business to his son.A take B hand C think D get

take over 接管接收； hand over 移交，交出； think over 仔細(xì)考慮； get over 克服，戰(zhàn)勝。

-------------------------1991-06-------------------------

41.We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have _A_ one this month.A another B more C the other D other

不定代詞：1 兩者中的一個(gè)用one；另一個(gè)則用the other； 2 很多東西中的一個(gè)用one；

剩下的所有叫the others； 3 很多東西中的一個(gè)用one；剩下的所有里面再拿一個(gè)叫another；

在剩下的里面再拿一個(gè)還叫another（單數(shù)概念）； 4 很多東西中拿了若干出來用some；

剩下所有叫others； other 后通常要加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式； more 要用在數(shù)詞的后面

once more 再來一個(gè)（用于很不正式的場(chǎng)合）vravo 再來一個(gè)（用于正式場(chǎng)合）

44.No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.A the other B any other C another D other neither 兩者中任意一者都不

42.It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.A impression B reaction C comment D opinion reaction n.反應(yīng)； reaction to 對(duì)…作出反應(yīng)。

43.I decided to go to the library as soon as I _D_.A finish what I did B finished what I did

C would finish what I was doing D finished what I was doing

as soon as所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)搭配有一種情況是主從句都用一般過去時(shí)。

45.We are interested in the weather because it _B_ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.A benefits B affects C guides D effects

affect vt.影響； effect n.影響。

46.Will all those _D_ the proposal raise their hands?

A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of in relation to 與…相比； in contrast to 與…形成對(duì)照；

in excess of 超過，超出（一定的限定范圍）； in favor of 贊同，支持。

47.Children are very curious _D_.A at heart B in person C on purpose D by nature

at heart 在心理，在內(nèi)心； heart 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是內(nèi)心的感情，mind 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是思維，頭腦，soul 靈魂

in person 親自，本人； on purpose 有意的，故意的； by nature 生性（天性）使然。

48.The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court.A objected to having B were objected to have C objected to have D were objected to having

58.The man in the corner confessed to _B_ a lie to the manager of the company.A have told B having told C being told D be told confess v.懺悔； confess to 承認(rèn)，坦白。

49.The teacher doesn’t permit _C_ in class.A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke

permit v.允許，準(zhǔn)許； permit sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事； permit doing 允許做某事。

-------------------------2000-06-------------------------

21.As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _D_ it.A postpone B refuse C delay D cancel

22.These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _A_ you need.A all the information B all the informations C all of information D all of the informations

23.Not until the game had begun _C_ at the sports ground.A had he arrived B would he have arrived C did he arrive D should he have arrived 24.Young people are not _B_ to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate in.[參與，參加]

A conservative B content C confident D generous

conservative adj.保守的； conservative party 保守黨； content adj.甘愿的，滿足的；

confident adj.自信的，有信心的； generous adj.慷慨的，大方的。

25.Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _C_.A granted B implied C exaggerated D remedied

maintain 堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為； medium n.媒體單數(shù)，media n.媒體復(fù)數(shù)；

grant vt.授予，給予； imply vt.隱含，暗示； exaggerate v.夸大，夸張，高估；

remedy vt.彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)救，修正。

26.These surveys indicate that many crimes go _A_ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.[victims 受害人]

A unrecorded B to be unrecorded C unrecording D to have been unrecorded 27.I have no objection _B_ your story again.[object to + 動(dòng)名詞] A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have heard

28.The clothes a person wears may express his _B_ or social position.A curiosity B status C determination D significance status n.身份，地位； significance n.意義，重要性；

29.By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _D_ opportunity to change his mind.A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate

accurate adj.精確的； urgent adj.緊急的，緊迫的； excessive adj.過多的，過度的；

adequate adj.充足的，足夠的。

30.You will see this product _B_ wherever you go.A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertising

31.The early pioneers had to _C_ many hardships to settle on the new land.A go along with B go back on C go through D go into go through 經(jīng)歷

32.The suggestion that the major _B_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.A would present B present C presents D ought to present

suggestion, suggest 所引導(dǎo)的句子都用虛擬語氣。should +（動(dòng)詞原形）

34.Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _B_ at the next town.A to stop B stopping C stop D having stopped suggest + doing也可以

33.Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _A_ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A whose B which C that D what whose指代的就是他前面的male drinkers.35.I didn't know the word.I had to _C_ a dictionary.A look out B make out C refer to D go over

look up 查閱； look up a word in a dictionary 在字典中查單詞；

reference n.參考書目； reference room 資料室；

36.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _D_ his arguments in favour of the new theory.[sufficient 充足的，足夠的；grounds 論據(jù)；arguments 論點(diǎn)] A to be based on B to base on C which to base on D on which to base

base vt.以…作基礎(chǔ)，基于… which引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，如果從句是介詞結(jié)尾則介詞應(yīng)在which之前。

on which(he is)to base

37.There are signs _A_ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A that B which C in which D whose

sign n.跡象； fact n.事實(shí)； evidence n.證據(jù)；后面常加同位語從句來說明具體內(nèi)容。

同位語從句用that（不能省略）引導(dǎo)。

38.I think I was at school, _A_ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.[or else 否則，要不然]

A or else B and then C or so D even so

39.It is said that the math teacher seems _A_ towards bright students.A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable

partial adj.偏袒的，偏愛的（經(jīng)常與to或towards搭配）

40.In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _C_ trouble over the figures.[figures 數(shù)目，數(shù)據(jù)；extra 額外的，附加的]

A extensive B spare C extra D supreme

41.“I'm sorry.Mr.Williams _A_ to a conference long before then.” A will have gone B had gone C would have gone D has gone

當(dāng)要表達(dá)將來的行為在將來的某時(shí)間之前完成用將來完成時(shí)，將來完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：will have + p.p.42.You _D_ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.A shouldn't follow B mustn't follow

C couldn't' have been following D shouldn't have been following should have + p.p.本應(yīng)該； shouldn’t have + p.p.本不應(yīng)該

43.The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _D_ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A have allowed B allow C allowing D allows

part-time 兼職； full-time 全職； flexible working patterns 彈性工作制； training 培訓(xùn)；

retraining 再培訓(xùn)； take advantage 利用；

44.Everybody _A_ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.A assembled B accumulated C piled D joined assembled 聚集； secretary 書記。

45.Putting in a new window will _B_ cutting away part of the roof.A include B involve C contain D comprise involve 引起，與…直接有關(guān)

46.Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _C_ obtaining fresh water is not the least.[the least 最高級(jí)]

A with which B for which C of which D which

42.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _C_ obtaining water is not the least.[the least 最高級(jí)]

A for which B to which C of which D in which

47.In the _C_ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to million.[in the event of 萬一，如果]

A face B time C event D course

in the face of 面對(duì)； in the time of 在…時(shí)期； in the course of 在…期間。

48.The manager would rather his daughter _D_ in the same office.A had not worked B not to work C does not work D did not work

would rather + 動(dòng)詞原形； would rather + 句子（用虛擬語氣，句子謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)）

49._D_, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A Although much he likes her B Much although he likes her C As he likes her much D Much as he likes her

如果用although引導(dǎo)則應(yīng)改成：Although he likes her very much, …

50.The British constitution is _B_ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.[無論是在空格前還是后，如果出現(xiàn)了名詞extent要找介詞就著to] A within B to C by D at to a large extent 在很大程度上。

第3課

倒裝：倒裝有全部倒裝和部分倒裝。

謂語部分所有單詞都放在主語前是全部倒裝。謂語的一部分放在主語的前面是部分倒裝。

謂語中的一部分通常是指：

1、系動(dòng)詞；

2、助動(dòng)詞；

3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

全部倒裝的五條原則：

1.There be句型（表示有）；

2.以There或now開頭的句子，且句子謂語動(dòng)詞為come或go；

There you go again.你又去那里了。

3.以Here開頭的句子，且句子謂語動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞be； Here you are.拿去。

4.以副詞out, in, up, down, away開頭的句子；

在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主語是代詞則用陳述句語序。

5.以狀語（常見的是地點(diǎn)狀語）開頭的句子。

部分倒裝的六條原則：

1.so放在句首時(shí)表示承前肯定，這個(gè)句子用部分倒裝；

nor, neither放在句首時(shí)表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒裝；

2.省略了引導(dǎo)詞if 的虛擬條件從句，可以把從句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一個(gè)提到從句最前面的位置，構(gòu)成部分倒裝；

3.as, though表示“盡管”時(shí)引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語可以置于引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝；

系動(dòng)詞后面的部分就是表語，形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語可以置于系動(dòng)詞之后。

例如：She is beautiful.They are students.四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)的是由動(dòng)詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變的形容詞作表語的形式。

26._B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published

當(dāng)題干是as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，且as前為一個(gè)空格時(shí)他表示的就是盡管，空格處要填的就是表語。

being published 正在被出版； to be published 將要被出版。

此句恢復(fù)正常語序應(yīng)為： As it was published at such a time … 4.表示否定含義的單詞或短語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；

常見的一些表示否定含義的單詞：never, little, few, hardly(… when), scarcely(… when)；

seldom 難得，不常；nowhere 哪里都不。

常見的一些表示否定含義的短語：in no way 決不； on no account 決不；

under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。

5.only + 狀語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；（如果only去掉就是全部倒裝）

43.Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen

freshmen 新生； make up for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償； make-up tests 補(bǔ)考（緩考）。

6.注意兩個(gè)表達(dá)形式：come what may 無論發(fā)生什么情況； say what you will 暢所欲言。

-------------------------1991-06-------------------------強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是疑問詞時(shí)的情況。

60.When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is prevent sb.from doing sth.妨礙（阻止）某人做某事。

強(qiáng)調(diào)部分本為： it is what that prevents so many …

又因?yàn)榫渲杏幸蓡栐~，應(yīng)寫為： what is it that prevents so...11 但強(qiáng)調(diào)句式在句中作賓語成分，故正確寫法為： what it is that … 50.I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go

than 除構(gòu)成固定短語外就要與比較級(jí)搭配，不會(huì)單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)； rather than + 動(dòng)詞原形；

平行結(jié)構(gòu)，遇到平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)做的兩步： 找出連接詞，2 使要填部分與已給出的對(duì)應(yīng)部分形式完全一樣。

51.I appreciate _D_ to your home.A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited appreciate + 動(dòng)名詞（不能加動(dòng)詞原形，不能加句子）。

41.I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep your keeping 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。you keeping 也是正確的。

52.I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.A regard B counting C account D observation take sth.into account 考慮。

54.Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.A take away B take over C take up [占據(jù)] D take in

55.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.A got off B got across C got away D got over got over it 克服戰(zhàn)勝。

56.Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.A rate B speed C pace D growth

pace 節(jié)奏； rapid pace of modern life現(xiàn)在生活快節(jié)奏。

57.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely

rarely, usually 都是頻度副詞。通常頻度副詞的位置在系動(dòng)詞之后，表示實(shí)在意思的詞前面。

58.The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.A having known B being known C knowing D known

know 沒有現(xiàn)在分詞；know 用主動(dòng)形式時(shí)只能和兩個(gè)介詞搭配：of, about。

known for 以…而著名。

60.I couldn’t find _A_, and so I took this one.A a large enough coat B an enough large coat C a large coat enough D a coat enough large enough 修飾形容詞時(shí)要放到形容詞后面。

61.I always _B_ what I have said.A get to B hold to C lead to D see to

本題所有選項(xiàng)中的to都是介詞，其后加動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞的形式。

hold to 堅(jiān)守，信守； see to 負(fù)責(zé)做，處理，照料（后面加的都是某件事情，不加人）

62.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.A when B then C than D until no sooner … than 一…就…

63.Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A what B which C that D whose

evidence 證據(jù)、sign 跡象、fact 事實(shí)，后面都要帶同位語從句，且從句用that引導(dǎo)。

64.He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York.[too … to，太…而不能…]

A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to 65.He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable

guilty adj.有罪的； be ashamed of 因…而羞愧（不好意思）的； miserable adj.悲慘的。

66.The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.A in B at C during D over

ceremony n.典禮，儀式。要表達(dá)在某典禮（儀式）上用介詞at。

at the graduation ceremony 在畢業(yè)典禮上。

67.What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose do you supposed 常做插入語。

68._D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.[despite prep.盡管； as for 關(guān)于，至于] A As for B Besides C Except D Despite

69.How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.A have B has C having D to have

influence on 對(duì)…造成影響，很大的影響中形容詞用的是strong。

70.He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself hurt oneself 自殘； be to + 動(dòng)詞原形，將要做某事；

-------------------------1993-06-------------------------

41.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared be busy doing sth.忙于做某事

42.Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.A and B but C or D an order

and 在這里表示一種結(jié)果，翻譯成“那么（和）”。只有兩種情況下and才會(huì)這樣翻譯：

1.省略句 ＋ and + 句子； 2.祈使句 ＋ and + 句子。

47.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen

43.I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order order n.定購，訂單； purchase n.購買。

45.By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding 如果一個(gè)句子的時(shí)間狀語是由by引導(dǎo)的，則時(shí)態(tài)要選擇完成時(shí)態(tài)。

將來的行為在將來的某個(gè)時(shí)間之前就已完成用將來完成時(shí)。

solution to a problem 一個(gè)問題的解決方案。

46.Mr.Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.A take on B get on C put up D look up take on 承擔(dān)； take on responsibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

47.Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one dinner n.正餐（多指晚餐）； supper n.夜宵，晚餐； breakfast n.早餐； lunch n.午餐；

brunch n.早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡]

48.We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.A inform B informs C informed D has informed

desire v.要求，表要求時(shí)后面加句子要用虛擬語氣，(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形。

其他同樣用法的詞還有ask, demand, request, require.49.Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally not surprisingly 一點(diǎn)也不奇怪。vary vi.變化。

vary from … to … 從一種形式變化到另一種形式。vary between … and … 在兩者之間進(jìn)行變化。

29.Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.A change B vary C alter D convert

individual n.個(gè)人，個(gè)體； individualism n.個(gè)人主義。

44.The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.A alter B shift C transfer D vary

50.A man escaped from the prison last night.It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.A before B until C since D when

It + 系動(dòng)詞 + 一段時(shí)間 + before引導(dǎo)的句子 在…之前花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間。

54.Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A since B when C after D before

51.In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail.[keep a watchful eye on 密切主意，留神] A in B at C for D on

52.There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.A retain B endure C maintain D survive

retain vt.保持，保留； endure v.忍受； maintain vt.維持，保持，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為；

survive vi.生存； vt.活過 …（賓語為某種災(zāi)難）。survive a flood 活過一場(chǎng)洪水。

前綴sur表示過 …，外，超； vive 表示生活，強(qiáng)調(diào)活著。

54.They usually have less money at the end of the month than _C_ at the beginning.A which is B which was C they have D it is

less … than句子前后要平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。

55.In the course of a day students do far more than just _A_ classes.14 A attend B attended C to attend D attending

far more than 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于，遠(yuǎn)不止于；也要句子前后平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。

56.The French pianist [n.鋼琴師] who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment.A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned down

turn up 后面不加賓語表示出現(xiàn)，后面加賓語表示將聲音調(diào)高，調(diào)大；

turn in + 賓語 上繳，交出； turn down 將聲音調(diào)低，調(diào)小；拒絕；

refuse sb.指直接的回絕； turn sb.down 則指委婉的拒絕；

turn out + 動(dòng)詞不定式 最終證明是，結(jié)果是。

57.Many difficulties have _B_ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.A risen B arisen C raised D arrived

因本句未加賓語，估不應(yīng)選不及物動(dòng)詞，可排除C項(xiàng)； arrive vi.到達(dá)，抵達(dá)；

rise vi.升起，升高（側(cè)重指旗幟或太陽升起）；數(shù)量的增高（側(cè)重指水位、價(jià)位）；

the sun rises in the east and sets in the west 太陽東升西落。

arise vi.升起，升高，出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生（經(jīng)常與抽象名詞聯(lián)用）。

69.A completely new situation will _B_ when the examination system comes into existence.A arise B rise C raise D arouse

33.Last year the advertising rate _D_ by 20 percent.A raised B aroused C arose D rose

58.He made such a _D_ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.A genuine B minimum C modest D generous

name after 以…的名字來命名。genuine adj.真正的，貨真價(jià)實(shí)的； genuine leather 真皮；

minimum adj.最低的，最小的； modest adj.謙虛謹(jǐn)慎的，適度的；

generous adj.慷慨的，慷慨大方的（修飾貢獻(xiàn)等用這個(gè)）。

59.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _D_, of course, made the others jealous.A who B that C what D which

which在這里是引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句有2個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

1.which前面有逗號(hào)與其他句子分開。2.which指的是前面整句話的內(nèi)容。

as也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，指的都是一句話的內(nèi)容。

which指一句話的內(nèi)容只能置于該句之后，而as既可以在后也可以在前。

67._C_ is known to the world, Mark Twain is great American writer.A That B Which C As D It

60.In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly _B_.A gaps B intervals C length D distance

interval n.間隔（即可指空間間隔，也可指時(shí)間間隔），四級(jí)考試中專考時(shí)間間隔的概念。

interval是固定與介詞at搭配的。

23.Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular _D_.A gaps B rate C length D intervals

at regular rate 以規(guī)則的速度； at regular interval 以規(guī)則的時(shí)間間隔；

61.Mr.Johnson preferred _A_ heavier work to do.A to be given B to be giving C to have given D having given

64.Our company decided to _D_ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A destroy B resist C assume D cancel 65.She is _C_ a musician than her brother.A much of B much as C more of D more as be of 具有某種性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)或特點(diǎn)；

66.Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _B_ by the judge.A service B sentence C crime D crisis

sentence n.判決，判刑； crisis n.危機(jī)； economic crisis 經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)；

68.The residents, _C_ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A all their homes B all whose homes C all of whose homes D all of their homes 當(dāng)給出了句子的主語，且后面有兩部分謂語動(dòng)詞，這兩部分謂語動(dòng)詞之間又沒有連接詞，時(shí)態(tài)也不同時(shí)，離主語近的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為從句的組合成分。

69.You can't afford to let the situation get worse.You must take _D_ to put it right.A decisions B directions C sides D steps

take steps 采取措施，采取行動(dòng)； take measures 采取措施；

70.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I _B_ your advice.A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed if only 如果，要是...就好了，其后面的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。

1.如果if only后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦?shí)相反，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。

2.如果if only后面的句子表示與過去的事實(shí)相反，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。

47.If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve

如果if only后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦?shí)相反，這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)，也可以用would + 動(dòng)詞原形。

-------------------------1995-06-------------------------

42.Mark often attempts to escape _C_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A having been fined B to have been fined C being fined B to be fined escape + 動(dòng)名詞。

44.It is recommended that the project _A_ until all the preparations have been made.A not be started B will not be started C is not started D is not to be started

recommend vt.推薦，建議，后面加句子要用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式：(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形

45.I wish I _D_ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept

wish 后面的句子要用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實(shí)相反用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞。

might經(jīng)常被翻譯成或許。

46.We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _D_ him.A had telephoned B must have telephoned C would telephone D would have telephoned

otherwise, or等表示“否則”的詞，后面句子都要用虛擬語氣。

48.While people may refer to television for up-to-minute news [最新的消息], it is unlikely that television _A_ the newspaper completely.16 A will replace B have replaced C replace D replaced

49.An Olympic Marathon [馬拉松] is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately [大約] _B_ from Marathon to Athens [雅典].A distance B the distance C is the distance D the distance is

50.You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _D_ to suspend your tent.A there B them C where D which

介詞 + which + 動(dòng)詞不定式(to do sth.)整體做定語。

本句可改寫為：You will want two tress about ten feet apart, to suspend your tent from.只要見到有介詞出現(xiàn)在空格之前，而選項(xiàng)中有which, them, there, where等詞則應(yīng)選which。

51.As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had _C_ to ask my boss.A many B most C much D more

當(dāng)many沒有修飾任何其他詞而單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)時(shí)表示很多人。much在這里相當(dāng)于many things。

52._A_ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A Until B Before C From D Since

until recently 直到最近； not surprisingly 一點(diǎn)也不奇怪。

53.The survival of civilization as we know it is _C_ threat.A within B towards C under D upon under threat 受到威脅。

55.In some countries, _D_ is called “equality” [平等] does not really mean equal rights for all people.A which B one C that D what

that可以引導(dǎo)主語從句，但只做引導(dǎo)詞而不充當(dāng)任何成分。

56.I walked too much yesterday and _A_ are still aching now.A my leg muscles B my muscles of leg C my leg's muscles D my muscles of the leg 英語中一個(gè)名詞修飾另外一個(gè)名詞時(shí)第一個(gè)名詞要用單數(shù)。apple trees, eye drops 57.Radio, television and press _B_ of conveying news and information.A are the most three common means B are the three most common means C are the most common three means D are three the most common means

幾個(gè)詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)修飾詞的順序應(yīng)為：1.定冠詞the應(yīng)該放在最前面（離名詞最遠(yuǎn)）的位置；

2.數(shù)詞應(yīng)放在第二位；3.最后考慮其他形容詞。

58.Liquids are like solids _C_ they have a definite volume.A with that B for that C in that D at that

三個(gè)與that的搭配的表達(dá)形式：now that, in that [因?yàn)閉, except that。

59.When a fire _C_ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.A broke off B broke down C broke out D broke up break out（火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)；

60.The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could _D_.[make up for 彌補(bǔ)]

A stand up to B put up with C come up with D make up for

61.Then the speaker _B_ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis.A went after B went into C went for D went on

go after 追求，設(shè)法得到； go into 談?wù)摚瑪⑹觯?go for 襲擊/支持； go on 繼續(xù)。

62.The students was just about to _C_ the questions, when suddenly he found the answer A arrive at B submit to C give up D work out

63.When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of _B_.A hand B reach C hold D place

out of reach 夠不著； within reach 夠得找。

64.The _D_ of blood always makes him feel sick.A form B look C view D sight

form n.形式，形狀； view n.風(fēng)景，景色/視野，視域； look 指的是主觀有意識(shí)的看；

sight n.看見，瞥見（不強(qiáng)調(diào)主客觀）。

66.Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as _B_ sickness A normal B ordinary C average D regular

sickness of mind 精神病； normal adj.正常的； average adj.平均的，中等水平的；

regular adj.有規(guī)律的，規(guī)則的； ordinary sickness 一般性疾病。

68.Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _C_ to his confusion.A extended B amounted C added [add to 增加] D turned 70.It took him several months to ___ the wild horse.A tend B cultivate C tame D breed

tame vt.馴服； breed 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是繁殖，側(cè)重指大批量的繁殖。

It take sb.sometime to do sth.做某事花了某人多少時(shí)間。

第4課

主謂一致：指的就是給出主語，要求判斷謂語動(dòng)詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的問題。

一、就近原則：

指句子的主語由兩部分單詞或短語構(gòu)成時(shí)，由離謂語動(dòng)詞近的那部分主語來決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

只有當(dāng)以下單詞或短語連接主句的兩部分時(shí)就近原則才適用：

1.or 或者； 2.either … or … 不是…就是…，…或… ； 3.neither … nor … 既不…也不… ；

4.not only … but also … 不但…而且… ； 5.not … but … 不是…而是… 例如：主語1 or 主語2 謂語動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)由主語2決定謂語動(dòng)詞。

10._C_ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss? A Are B Where C Is D Does

如果題目改變?yōu)椋篍ither he or his accountants ___ going … 則應(yīng)選A

二、句子謂語動(dòng)詞一定用復(fù)數(shù)的兩種情況：

1.集合名詞做主語，集合名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，因?yàn)樗旧砭痛硪粋€(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念。

常見的幾個(gè)復(fù)合名詞： people 人民，人們； police 警察； cattle 牛； poultry 家禽。

2.表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞，整體做主語時(shí)

例如：去年出口了八百萬頓煤。Eight million tons of coal were exported last year.三、謂語動(dòng)詞一定用單數(shù)的六種情況：

1.句子的主語是由從句充當(dāng)?shù)摹?dòng)詞不定式短語作主語、動(dòng)名詞短語作主語；

2.表示時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值四方面的詞做主語；

399.--“How many days?”

0--“Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work?”

A are B were C was D is

3.表示單數(shù)概念的主語，短語，謂語動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)；

因?yàn)榇私Y(jié)構(gòu)中短語只是對(duì)主語提供附加說明情況，所以謂語動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。

當(dāng)以下這些標(biāo)志性的介詞或介詞短語出現(xiàn)在此結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)可以不管中間的附加說明情況：

with, together with, like, except, besides, in addition to, rather than, as well as 注意：表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的主語，短語，謂語動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

4.each, every, either, some, any, no，由以上六個(gè)詞中任何一個(gè)所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)；

some經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個(gè)復(fù)合代詞：something, somebody, someone；

no經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個(gè)復(fù)合代詞：nothing, nobody, no one； either of + 短語；

5.通常由and連接兩部分這種形式做主語謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，但在以下兩種情況下則應(yīng)用單數(shù)；

1> and連接的兩部分指的是同一事物；

2> and連接的兩部分被no, each, every中任何一個(gè)詞修飾時(shí)；

例如：每位男士和女士都要著裝得體。be supposed to do sth.理應(yīng)，應(yīng)該做某事。

Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.11.Many an airplane _B_ in the exhibition.A are shown B has been shown C has shown D show them

many a(an)很多，相當(dāng)于many； many a(an)+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，做主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

6.many a(an)+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

9.Not only Joan but her sisters _B_ the combination to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.A have known B know C knows D is knowing not only … but also … 的一種變形形式，not only … but … 另一種變形形式not only … but … as well

combination n.密碼； combination to the safe 保險(xiǎn)箱密碼； securities有價(jià)證券。

-------------------------2000-01-------------------------

41.She ought to stop work;she has a headache because she _A_ too long.A has been reading B had read C is reading D read had read 過去完成時(shí)要與一般過去時(shí)搭配。

has been reading 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：指某行為從過去一點(diǎn)到現(xiàn)在一直在進(jìn)行。

42.Niagara Falls is a great tourist _B_, drawing millions of visitors every year.A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement

tourist attraction 旅游勝地； attention n.注意力； appointment n.委任的職位，約會(huì)；

date n.日期，約會(huì)，棗；表示約會(huì)時(shí)指的是異性之間的私人約會(huì)。arrangement n.布置，安排

blind date 兩人第一次見面的約會(huì)。appointment 指公事性質(zhì)的，比較正式的約會(huì)。

43.I don't mind _B_ the decision as long as it is not too late.A you to delay making B your delaying making C your delaying to make D you delay to make

mind 后要加動(dòng)名詞； delay v.耽擱，延誤（后面也要加動(dòng)名詞）

45.Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _A_ in Cuba.A being cultivated B been cultivated C having cultivated D cultivating

46.The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _C_ on benches, chairs or boxes.19 A having seated B seating C seated D having been seated 注意：seat是及物動(dòng)詞，及物動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式，后面要直接加賓語。

Be seated please.請(qǐng)坐。英語中只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

47.This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _B_ comfortably.A is worn B wears C wearing D are worn

當(dāng)wear表穿戴時(shí)，而句子的主語是被穿戴的東西時(shí)，wear是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

65.The coming of the railways in the 1830s _A_ our society and economic life.A transformed B transported C transferred D transmitted 字根trans在四級(jí)中著重考的含義是“從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方”。

transform 改革，變革，改變； transport 運(yùn)輸； transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移，移動(dòng)；

transmit 傳送，播送；疾病的傳染，傳播； transplant 移植。

48.Some diseases are _D_ by certain water animals.A transplanted B transformed C transported D transmitted 49.Wouldn't you rather your child _B_ to bed early? A go B went C would go D goes

would rather的兩種用法：1 would rather + 動(dòng)詞原形； would rather + 句子（句子謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣）。

50.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _B_ will happen to her private life.[wonder后面要加疑問詞] A that B what C it D this

51.The words of his old teacher left a _C_ impression on his mind.He is still influenced by them.[lasting adj.持久的，永久的； liberal adj.開明的，心胸開闊的] A long B lively C lasting D liberal 52.Mike's uncle insists _D_ in this hotel.A staying not B not to stay C that he would not stay D that he not stay insist的兩種用法：1 insist on … 堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求； insist + that引導(dǎo)的從句（從句謂語動(dòng)詞為[should] + 動(dòng)詞原形）

53.We agree to accept _D_ they thought was the best tourist guide.A whatever B whomever C whichever D whoever they thought是插入語，可以不看； tourist guide 導(dǎo)游。

56.Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful _C_ it forces people to test relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.A by which B to which C in that D so that

句子的意思是：如果沖突以后能回家反省一下自己是好事情。

in that 因?yàn)椋?conflict n.沖突； relative merits 相比較而言的優(yōu)點(diǎn)； so that 以至于。

57.He is _A_ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A optimistic B optional C outstanding D obvious

optimistic adj.樂觀的； pessimistic adj.悲觀的； be optimistic about 對(duì)…持樂觀態(tài)度。

optional adj.隨意的，任選的，非強(qiáng)制性的； optional courses 選修課；

outstanding adj.卓越的，杰出的； obvious adj.明顯的。

58.Sometimes I wish I _B_ in a different time and a different place.A be living B were living C would live D would have lived wish后加的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，wish后的句子經(jīng)常用一般過去時(shí)來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。

59.The director was critical _C_ the way we were doing the work.A at B in C of D with

be critical of 對(duì)...愛挑剔的，批評(píng)。

60.In a sudden _B_ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A attack B burst C split D blast

within reach 夠得著； out of reach 夠不著； burst 爆發(fā)，迸發(fā)；

burst可以與很多詞語搭配表示突然發(fā)作： 能與人的情緒（喜、怒、哀、樂）搭配； 2 能與掌聲、笑聲搭配。

61._D_ she realized it was too late to go home.A No sooner it grew dark than B Hardly did it grow dark that C Scarcely had it grown dark than D It was not until dark that

no sooner在句首時(shí)句子要用部分倒裝；hardly要與when搭配；scarcely也要與when搭配。

62.In Britain people _C_ four million tons of potatoes every year.A swallow B dispose C consume D exhaust

swallow 吞，咽； dispose 去掉，處理，安排； consume 消費(fèi)，消耗； consumer 消費(fèi)者；

exhaust 將資源消耗殆盡；如果與人在一個(gè)句子中搭配則表示使人精疲力竭。

63.I'd _A_ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A take into account B account for C make up for D make out take into account 考慮； make up for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償。

65.She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _D_ enough to eat.A mild B slight C light D tender

mild adj.不辣的； hot adj.辣的； extra hot 極辣的；

light adj.清淡的，容易消化的；蛋糕點(diǎn)心等松軟的； muffin n.松餅；

slight adj.輕微的，少量的； tender adj.肉嫩的。

steak n.牛排；rare 三成熟的；medium 七成熟的；well-done 全熟的；medium rare 五成熟。

66.We take our skin for granted until it is burned _A_ repair.A beyond B for C without D under

take sth.for granted 把什么事當(dāng)成理所當(dāng)然的而不重視； beyond prep.超出 … 的范圍。

67.The computer revolution may well change society as _C_ as did the Industrial Revolution.A certainly B insignificantly C fundamentally D comparatively

certainly 當(dāng)然的，確定無疑的（主觀思想較濃厚）； insignificantly 沒有意義的，無足輕重的；

comparatively 相比較而言的； fundamentally 根本性的，從本質(zhì)上來說。

68._C_ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A To look at B Looking at C Looked at D To be looked at

70.Some women _D_ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A must make B should have made C would make D could have made for the sake of為了… ；為了…的利益；

與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞；

should have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞，表示本應(yīng)該…-------------------------1997-06-------------------------32.You cannot be _B_ careful when you drive a car.A very B too C so D enough

cannot too 在…也不為過，越…越好。

34.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to _A_ the color of his skin.[regardless of 不管，不顧]

A regardless of B in the light of C by virtue of D with the exception of

35.Housewives who do not go out to work feel they are not working to their full _B_.A strength B capacity C length D possibility

strength n.力量，體力，實(shí)力； capacity n.才能，才智（能力方面）。

38.The old couple decided to _C_ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.A adapt B bring C adopt D receive

39.The government is trying to do something to _D_ better understanding between the two countries.A raise B increase C heighten D promote promote better understanding 增進(jìn)理解。

40.The newspaper did not mention the _A_ of the damage caused by the fire.A extent B level C range D quantity

extent作核心名詞，表示到…程度了，介詞用to。

41.The soldier was _A_ of running away when the enemy attacked.A accused B charged C scolded D punished

be accused of 被指控，被職責(zé)； be charged with 被指控。

42.Had he worked harder, he _D_ the exams.A must have got through B could get through C would get through D would have got through

had he worked harder(虛擬語氣)= if he had worked harder … 與過去事實(shí)相反用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。

45.It seems oil _B_ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A had leaked B has been leaking C leaked D is leaking

for + 一段時(shí)間，做時(shí)間狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用完成時(shí)態(tài)。過去完成時(shí)要與一般過去時(shí)搭配。

46.When he arrived, he found _C_ the aged and the sick at home.A nothing but B none other C none but D no other than 形容詞前加the表示一類人。none but 只有，僅有。

47.The pressure _B_ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A competing B to compete C to be competed D having competed the right to vote 選舉權(quán)。動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語要用主動(dòng)形式。

the pressure to compete 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的壓力。

49.As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _C_.A have to be said B must say C ought to be said D need to say

50.Once environmental damage _A_, it takes many years for the system to recover.A is done B is to do C does D has done

51.Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, _B_ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.A as for B such as C in case of D in view of contribute to 對(duì)…做出貢獻(xiàn)。

52.He will agree to do what you require _D_ him.A for B from C to D of

require sth.of sb.要求某人做某事。

53.The mere fact _A_ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.A that B which C what D why fact后面要加同位語從句。

54.John seems nice person._C_, I don't trust him.A Even though B Therefore C Even so D Though even so 即便如此，盡管如此。

55.I don't think it advisable that Tom _A_ to the job since he has no experience.A be assigned B will be assigned C is assigned D has been assigned advisable后面加句子要用虛擬語氣，形式為：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。

56._D_, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A Other things to be equal B Were other things equal C To be equal to other things D Other things being equal B項(xiàng)如果不省略if應(yīng)為：If other things were equal 如果從句用虛擬語氣，主句也必須用虛擬語氣形式。

other things being equal 在這里是獨(dú)立主格做條件狀語。

57._C_ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A For B Since C Now D Despite 注意以下三個(gè)后面加句子的表達(dá)形式：

in that 由于，因?yàn)椋?2 now that 既然，由于； 3 except that 除了…之外。

59.By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _B_ children as Coca-Cola.A for B with C to D in

be popular with + 人的群體 受…歡迎。

60.Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he _A_ his opinion.A stuck to B strove for C stuck at D stood for

be convinced of 深信，確信； stick to 堅(jiān)持； strive for 力求，拼命爭(zhēng)取。

Don’t strive for perfection.不要凡是都力求達(dá)到完美狀態(tài)。

-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------48.It’s no use _B_ me not to worry.A you tell B your telling C for you to have told D having told

It's no use + 動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，賓格（形容詞性物主代詞）+ 動(dòng)名詞。

52.If it _A_ too much trouble, I’d love a cup of tea.A isn’t B wasn’t C weren’t D hadn’t been 一般日常用語，用一般時(shí)。

56.She was glad that her success would ___ for the women who would follow.A make things easier B make it easier C be easier D be easier to make make for 導(dǎo)致，促成；朝某個(gè)方向前進(jìn)，走向那里。

不要選有代詞指代不明的選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)中的things指的是境況，境遇。

60.We object _C_ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.A against B about C to D for

68.The newest satellite can _A_ a thousand telephone conversations and a color TV program at the same time.A carry B extend C bring D take

carry vt.傳送，傳輸； extend vt.延伸，延續(xù)（extend to 延伸到，延續(xù)到）。

fetch vt.去拿來，去請(qǐng)來，去叫來； fetch water 打水。

-------------------------1995-01-------------------------

41.The grey building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts _B_.[spare parts零部件]

A are producing B are produced C produced D being produced

48._A_ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.A To become B Become C One become D On becoming

master's degree 碩士學(xué)位； 當(dāng)介詞on后面加動(dòng)詞ing形式時(shí)表示時(shí)間概念“在…之后”。

49.The little man was _C_ more than one metre fifty tall.A nearly B quite C hardly D almost hardly more than 不足，不到。

36.The little man was _B_ one metre fifty high.A almost more than B hardly more than C nearly more than D as much as 53.Medical care reform has become this country's most important public health _C_.A question B stuff C matter D issue

matter 事物，事情； question 有疑而問，并且有待回答的問題；

questions and answers Q & A 問與答； issue n.問題（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是政治方面的問題）。

1999年前，臺(tái)灣問題Taiwan issue；1999年后，臺(tái)灣問題Taiwan question，態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變。

60.If you don't like to swim, you _B_ stay at home.A should as well B may as well C can as well D would as well may as well 還是，到不如。

70.They are teachers and don't realize _A_ to start and run a company.A what it takes B what takes it C what they take D what takes them start and run a company 創(chuàng)立并經(jīng)營(yíng)一家公司。

-------------------------1996-06-------------------------

23.A healthy life is frequently thought to be _D_ with the open countryside and homegrown food.A tied B bound C involved D associated

be involved with 牽涉，卷入； be associated with 與...相關(guān)，聯(lián)系起來。

homegrown food 自家種的食品； wine 葡萄酒； house wine 自家的酒。

33.The traditional approach _A_ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.A to dealing B in dealing C dealing D to deal approach n.方式，方法； approach to + 動(dòng)名詞。

43.It's already 5 o'clock now.Don't you think it's about time _C_?

A we are going home B we go home C we went home D we can go home it's about time后面加句子，要用一般過去時(shí)來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。

44.Lightning is a _A_ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.[Lightning n.閃電]

A rush B rainbow C rack D ribbon

rush n.沖撞，沖擊，撞擊； rainbow n.彩虹，幻想； rack n.支架，掛架；

ribbon n.緞帶，絲帶，絨帶。

46.I've already told you that I'm going to buy it, _A_.A however much it costs B however does it costs much C how much does it cost D no matter how it costs

however在這里不表示轉(zhuǎn)折，而是句子的引導(dǎo)詞，這種情況下它相當(dāng)于：no matter how。

意思是，我已經(jīng)決定要買了，不管多少錢。

47.New York _A_ second in the production of apples, producing 850,000,000 pounds this year.[rank 排名，名列第幾，強(qiáng)調(diào)名列前茅；Big Apple 紐約] A ranked B occupied C arranged D classified

第5課

虛擬語氣

一、虛擬語氣的規(guī)則用法：

1主、從句都表示與過去事實(shí)相反：

從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用：had + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞；

主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞。

注意：能用于虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只有四個(gè)：should, could, would, might.使用哪一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞要由句子含義決定，考試中出現(xiàn)最多的是could, would.2 主、從句都表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：

從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用：動(dòng)詞過去式（如果是be則只能用were）

主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形。主、從句都表示與將來事實(shí)相反：

從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用：were to + 動(dòng)詞原形（重點(diǎn)）、should + 動(dòng)詞原形、動(dòng)詞過去式；

主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形。

二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用： would rather + 句子，這時(shí)句子謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。if only 如果，要是...就好了，if only + 句子，這時(shí)句子一定要用虛擬語氣。

有兩種形式可以體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：

a.如果該句子如果表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。

b.如果該句子如果表示與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。

70.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I _B_ your advice.A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed

47.If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve

注意：當(dāng)if only后的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反，該用動(dòng)詞過去式來表示虛擬語氣，而選項(xiàng)中又沒有時(shí)，可以采用這種形式：would + 動(dòng)詞原形。當(dāng)以下動(dòng)詞后加句子時(shí)，句子應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，句子謂語動(dòng)詞的形式是：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。

a.表示建議、提議的：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move.[move只有在表達(dá)在會(huì)議上提出提議時(shí)后面加虛擬語氣] b.表示要求的：ask, demand, require, request, desire.c.表示指揮、命令的：order, command, direct.d.表示堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為的：insist.25 4 it is + 第三點(diǎn)中動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 + that引導(dǎo)的從句。

這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。

以下幾個(gè)形容詞置于該結(jié)構(gòu)中時(shí)也要用相同的形式來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：

important, necessary, essential, obligatory（有義務(wù)的，強(qiáng)制性的，必須的）。第三點(diǎn)中動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞形式 + that引導(dǎo)從句，該從句同樣要用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。

經(jīng)常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的詞有：suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation, motion.6 以下一些表達(dá)方式所在的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。

or(表示否則), otherwise, unless, but for(若不是，若非)

當(dāng)遇到含有以上四個(gè)表達(dá)方式的句子時(shí)，先要判斷該句是表示與現(xiàn)在、過去、還是將來事實(shí)相反，然后依照相應(yīng)的虛擬語氣規(guī)則用法的形式來確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

含有下面三個(gè)表達(dá)方式的句子體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣的形式是固定的：

lest(以免，防備), for fear that(惟恐), on condition that(在..條件下)它們后面句子的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形。it is time 是...的時(shí)候了。

這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩種變形形式，所用虛擬語氣形式都一樣：it is high time / it is about time.這三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動(dòng)詞都用一般過去時(shí)來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。注意以下兩種情況下should + 動(dòng)詞原形中should不能省略。

這里should表示一種語氣，經(jīng)常被翻譯成“竟然”。

a.四個(gè)動(dòng)詞：think, believe, expect, suspect.它們的否定或者疑問形式后面加句子，句子謂語動(dòng)詞用：should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略。

I don't believe that he should be cheated.我不相信他也會(huì)被騙。

b.it is a pity, it is a shame 真遺憾，it is strange 真怪

以上三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動(dòng)詞用：should + 動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略。

錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬語氣

錯(cuò)綜時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬語氣即指主句和從句在表達(dá)是與什么時(shí)態(tài)的事實(shí)相反上并不一致（比如主句要表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反而從句要表達(dá)與過去事實(shí)相反），這種情況要采用“對(duì)號(hào)入座”的方法來處理，即主從句結(jié)構(gòu)分別采用與其表達(dá)時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。

60.If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _A_ now.A wouldn't be smiling B couldn't have smiled C won't smile D didn't smile 2.If you had studied the problem carefully yesterday, _C_.A you won’t find any difficulty now B you would not have found any difficulty now C you would not find any difficulty now D you have not found any difficulty now 3.He would be studying at the university now if he _C_ the entrance examination.A passed B have passed C had passed D should have passed 16.It is a shame that he _B_ that poor little girl!

A deceived B should deceive C deceive D deceiving

18.Mrs.bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside _D_ her son's sleep.[lest(以免，防備)后面句子的謂語動(dòng)詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形] A would interfere with B had interfered with C interfered with D should interfere with-------------------------1996-01-------------------------

21.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _C_ and perfected now.A)developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed

22.This ticket _C_ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A gives B grants C entitles D credits

A,B兩項(xiàng)都要加雙賓語，結(jié)構(gòu)為：gives / grants sb.sth.entitle sb.to sth.使某人有權(quán)得到某物； credit A to B 相信A是由B造成的。

相信飛機(jī)失事是由飛行員錯(cuò)誤造成的。Credit the crash to the pilot's mistake.crash 墜落，墜毀（專指飛機(jī)失事）； collision 碰撞（強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)物體碰撞，如火車、汽車等）。

we are sorry, very sorry, terribly sorry, awfully sorry.23.You _D_ her in her office last Friday;she's been out of town for two weeks.A needn't have seen B must have seen C might have seen D can't have seen

24.That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _D_ the police.A called in B calling in C call in D to call in have no choice but to do sth.別無選擇，只能做...25.She was so _B_ in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.A attracted B absorbed C drawn D concentrated

be attracted by 被…所吸引； be absorbed in 全神貫注（專注）于做… be drawn in 被誘騙（誘使）做...； concentrate on 專注于。

I was simply drawn in.我是被誘騙上鉤的。

27.At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly _B_ to another subject.A committed B switched C favoured D transmitted

switch to another subject 轉(zhuǎn)換話題； switch to another channel 轉(zhuǎn)換頻道。

28.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _C_ after 11 o'clock at night.[虛擬語氣]

A were not played B not to play C not be played D did not play

29.Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _D_ through the window.A vision B look C picture D view view n.景色，風(fēng)景，視野，視域。

30.Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.A of B to C with D from

具有比較意味的形容詞都要與介詞to搭配。

32.The manager needs an assistant that he can _A_ to take care of problems in his absence.[in his absence 在某人不在場(chǎng)的情況下]

A count on B count in C count up D count out

presence n.到場(chǎng)，出席； in one’s presence 在某人在場(chǎng)的情況下。

count on=depend on 指望，依靠，依賴； count up 算出總數(shù)；

count in 把…算在內(nèi)； count out 把...排除在外。

33.The organization had broken no rules, but _A_ had it acted responsibly.A neither B so C either D both

34.We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _D_ view.A from B in C before D into

come into view 進(jìn)入視野，進(jìn)入眼簾。cheer n.歡呼； cheers 干杯；

cheer-team 拉拉隊(duì)； cheer-leader 拉拉隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。英語中為了…干杯用介詞to引起。

to your health 為了你的健康干杯； to friendship為了友誼干杯。bottom up 先干了。

35.They took _D_ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A fruitful B beneficial C valid D effective

take effective measures 采取有效措施。valid adj.有效的，成立的。

36.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _A_ it comes to classroom tests.A when B since C before D after

sure 做定語時(shí)表示“可靠的、穩(wěn)妥的”。come to 談到，提及。

37.Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _D_ directed.A like B so C which D as

drug n.藥品，毒品。gay adj.放蕩的，快樂的； n.同性戀者，尤指男性同性戀。

so后面加過去分詞表示一種程度。as后面加過去分詞時(shí)表示“如同…那樣，正如…那樣”。

53.I hope all the precautions against air pollution, _D_ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.A while B since C after D as

precautions n.防治措施； precautions against 防治…的措施。

after being + 過去分詞，注意：after后面不能直接加過去分詞。

38.In developing countries people are _C_ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.A breaking B filling C pouring D hurrying pour into 涌入，蜂擁而入。break into 強(qiáng)行闖入。

39.It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _A_ by about 10%.[output 產(chǎn)量]

A will have risen B has risen C will be rising D has been rising 表達(dá)將來的行為在將來某時(shí)間之前完成用將來完成時(shí)。

40.If I had remembered _A_ the window, the thief would not have got in.A to close B closing C to have closed D having closed remember to do sth.記得要做某事但沒做。

41.There are other problems which I don't propose to _A_ at the moment.A go into B go around C go for D go up at the moment 目前，現(xiàn)在。go into 談?wù)摚懻摗?/p>

42.Don't get your schedule _C_;stay with us in this class.A to change B changing C changed D change

43.It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _A_ knowledge.A extensive B expansive C intensive D expensive

extensive adj.范圍廣大的，廣博的； extensive knowledge 知識(shí)淵博。

expansive adj.擴(kuò)張的，面積廣闊的； expensive adj.昂貴的，高價(jià)的。

intensive adj.仔細(xì)深入的，細(xì)致入微的。

54.The patient's health failed to such an extent that he was put into _C_ care.A tense B rigid C intensive D tight

to such an extent 到如此的程度。intensive care 特級(jí)護(hù)理。

44.Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _B_ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.A has to get B were to get C had got D could have got

46.A love marriage, however, does not necessarily _B_ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.[a love marriage因相愛而結(jié)婚形成的婚姻] A take over B result in C hold on D keep to

not necessarily 未必； interests n.利益。take over 接管，接收；

result in 導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是； hold on 堅(jiān)持，挺住； keep to 堅(jiān)持，遵守。

47.The ability to store knowledge makes computers different form every other machine _A_ invented.[ever adj.曾經(jīng)，以往任何時(shí)候] A ever B thus C yet D as

48.I'm not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can't make a(n)_C_ promise to help you.A exact B defined C definite D sure

definite: unlikely to be changed 不可能被改變的； definite promise 不可能被改變的諾言。

49.I have kept that portrait _B_ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.A which B where C whether D when

which在定語從句中除了做主語就是做賓語，when在定語從句中只能做時(shí)間狀語。

remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事。

50.The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally _D_ because of the bad weather.[sports meet=sports meeting 運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)] A set off B broken off C worn off D called off-------------------------1997-01-------------------------21.Until then, his family _D_ from him for six months.A didn't hear B hasn't been hearing C hasn't heard D hadn't heard until then 直到那時(shí)。hear from sb.收到某人的來信，得到某人的消息。

22.The conference _B_ a full week by the time it ends.A must have lasted B will have lasted C would last D has lasted 見到介詞by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)是完成時(shí)態(tài)。

24.Physics is _B_ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.A alike B equivalent C likely D uniform

be alike to sb.對(duì)于某人來說均是一樣的。be equivalent to 相當(dāng)于。

All tastes are alike to him.所有味道對(duì)他來說都一樣。

27.The new appointment of our president _A_ from the very beginning of next semester.A takes effect B takes part C takes place D takes turns

semester n.學(xué)期； president n.大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)； take effect 生效，發(fā)生效力；

take part in 參與，參加； take place=happen 發(fā)生； takes turn to do sth.輪流做某事。

28.The president made a _A_ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.A vigorous B tedious C flat D harsh

ceremony n.典禮，儀式；表達(dá)在某個(gè)典禮上介詞用at。vigorous adj.強(qiáng)勁有力的，強(qiáng)有力的。

harsh adj.刺耳的，令人不愉快的； flat adj.平淡無奇的； tedious adj.冗長(zhǎng)無聊的。

29.It is useful to be able to predict the extent _C_ which a price change will affect supply and demand.[extent to]

A from B with C to D for

30.Finding a job in such a big company has always been _D_ his wildest dreams.29 A under B over C above D beyond beyond one’s wildest dreams 做夢(mèng)也想不到。

31.It is not easy to learn English well, but if you _C_, you will succeed in the end.A hang up B hang about C hang on D hang onto hang on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)下去。

32.It is reported that _C_ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A the most B most of C most D the most of

most單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候有兩種詞性要考慮：1 adv.非常；2 adj.大多數(shù)的。

the most后面加多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞構(gòu)成該句的最高級(jí)。

most of + 名詞，表示這些名詞中的大多數(shù)。make the most of 充分利用。

34._D_ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.[Were they to arrive=If they were to arrive]

A Had they arrived B Would they arrive C Were they arriving D Were they to arrive 35.The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were _A_ and many houses collapsed.A wrecked B spoiled C torn D injured

collapse vi.倒塌，坍塌； wreck vt.（船只）遭到破壞。

torn原形是tear，n.眼淚，vt.撕裂，撕開。

37.As _B_ announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.A being B is C to be D been

注意兩個(gè)非限定性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：as, which。

which在做非限定性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)有兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)： which前要有逗號(hào)與前面句子分開； 2 which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句指的是前面整句話的內(nèi)容。

只要引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句as和which都指一句話內(nèi)容，區(qū)別在于which只能放在它所指那句話的后面，而as可以在前面也可以在后面。

38.You see the lightning _A_ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A the instant B for an instant C on the instant D in an instant the instant=as soon as 一…就…

39.The manager lost his _B_ just because his secretary was ten minutes late.A mood B temper C mind D passion lose one’s temper 發(fā)脾氣。

40.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _C_ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A are to challenge B may be challenged C have been challenged D are challenging as表示“盡管”時(shí)引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語可以放在引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。

41.Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _D_ the new carpet.A crash B pollute C spot D stain

pollute vt.污染； spot n.地點(diǎn)，場(chǎng)所，斑點(diǎn)，污點(diǎn)；v.使…上有斑點(diǎn)、污點(diǎn)。

spotted dog 斑點(diǎn)狗。stain v.弄臟，玷污，染色。

59.The tomato juice left brown _A_ on the front of my jacket.A spot B point C track D trace

42.I'd rather read than watch television;the programs seem _B_ all the time.A to get worse B to be getting worse C to have got worse D getting worse

all the time 始終，一直。

43.Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are _D_ in grocery stores.A ready B approachable C probable D available

convenience foods 方便食品； instant coffee/noodle 速容咖啡/速食面。

ready adj.準(zhǔn)備好的； approachable adj.可接近的，平易近人的，親切的。

probable adj.可能的； available adj.可獲得的，可利用的，可支配的。

44.When I caught him _A_ I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A cheating B cheat C to cheat D to be cheating

45.It is important that enough money _A_ to fund the project.A be collected B must be collected C was collected D can be collected 46.Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't _C_ so much noise.A resist B sustain C tolerate D undergo tolerate vt.忍受，容忍； undergo vt.經(jīng)歷，遭受。

48._C_ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.[at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度] A On B By C At D Of

49._A_ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A Believe B To believe C Believing D Believed believe it or not 信不信由你。creat a stir 引起轟動(dòng)。

50.Mr.Morgan can be very sad _C_, though in public he is extremely cheerful.A by himself B in person C in private D as individual in public 在公眾面前； in private 私下單獨(dú)一個(gè)人的時(shí)候。

第6課

關(guān)于逗號(hào)的一些知識(shí)

原則：逗號(hào)沒有能力連接兩個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子。

如何區(qū)分短語與句子？一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)如果有完整的謂語部分就是句子。

何為完整的謂語部分？如果能判斷出一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)就可以稱這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)為完整的謂語部分。

在什么樣的情況下一個(gè)逗號(hào)可以將句子分成兩部分，而這兩部分都有完整的謂語呢？?jī)蓚€(gè)句子中間有連接詞連接； 這兩個(gè)句子是主從句關(guān)系（主從句之間一定要有句子引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)）。

10.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _A_, we declined the offer.[declined v.婉言謝絕]

A not being finished B not having finished C had not been finished D was not finished

42.A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _D_ were surprising.[survey 調(diào)查]

A as results B which results C the results of it D the results of which

51.All flights _D_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train.[having been canceled這里是獨(dú)立主格作原因狀語] A had been canceled B have been canceled C were canceled D having been canceled

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46._A_ the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.[variable n.變項(xiàng)，變量；model vt.建模] A Even if B As far as C If only D So long as

even if 即使，即便； so long as（后面加句子時(shí)）只要。

47.My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight.The plane I would like to take from there _B_ by then.A would leave B will have left C has left D had left 將來完成時(shí)：will have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞。

49.Harry was _A_ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.A stung B stuck C bitten D scratched

sting v.（蜜蜂）叮，蟄； bite v.（蚊子等）咬； scratch vt.抓傷，劃破（通常指貓抓人）。

once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩。

50.The thief tried to open the locked door but _B_.A in no way B in vain C without effect D at a loss

in vain 徒勞，白費(fèi)工夫； But很少與介詞without聯(lián)用； at a loss 不知所措。

52._B_ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.A By B On C At D For

on后面加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示“在…之后”這個(gè)時(shí)間概念。

54.Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _C_ during the day.A should have done B would have done C may have done D must have done

should have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞，表示本應(yīng)該做； may have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞，表示可能做過；

與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣主句謂語動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)形式可能用到：would have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞。

must have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞，表示對(duì)過去行為進(jìn)行肯定推測(cè)。表示一定做過；

can't have + 動(dòng)詞過去分詞，表示對(duì)過去行為進(jìn)行否定推測(cè)，表示不可能做過。

56.This crop does not do well in soils[各種土壤] _B_ the one for which it has been specially developed.A outside B other than C beyond D rather than

outside prep.在…外邊； rather than 而不是（肯定前者，否定后者）。

beyond prep.超出…的范圍； beyond his wildest dreams 超出他最狂野的夢(mèng)想。

other than 不同于，而非，當(dāng)它與否定詞no或not出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中時(shí)表示“除…之外”。

66.In no country _A_ Britain, it has been said, can on experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A other than B more than C better than D rather than 63.My father seemed to be in no _A_ to look at my school report.A mood B emotion C attitude D feeling

be in no mood to do/doing sth.沒有情緒（心情）做什么事情。

67.I'm sorry I can't see you immediately;but if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you _B_.[in a moment 馬上，立即（它作為時(shí)間狀語時(shí)一定與將來時(shí)態(tài)搭配）= in an instant.] A for a moment B in a moment C for the moment D at the moment

68.The trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasn't bothered by his loudness _D_ by his lack of talent.[trumpet 小號(hào)]

A than B more than C as D so much as

當(dāng)否定詞not與so much as出現(xiàn)在同一句子中時(shí)，它們的含義是：與其說…不如說… 70.Our journey was slow because the train stopped _D_ at different villages.A unceasingly B gradually C continuously D continually

unceasingly adv.不停止地，不休止地； gradually adv.逐漸地，逐步地；= step by step.continuously adv.連續(xù)不斷地； continually adv.時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地。

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43.Frankfurt, Germany, is in one of the most _A_ populated regions of Western Europe.A densely B vastly C enormously D largely

densely populated 人口分布稠密； sparsely populated 人口分布稀疏。

52._D_ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.A None B Either C Both D Neither

none表示的是三者或三者以上都不； either表示的是兩者之間任意一者。

55.Beethoven is my favorite musician.I regard him as _A_ other musicians.A superior to B more superior than C more superior to D superior than 注意：具有比較意味的形容詞只需要與to搭配，而無須more, than。

58.She is a very _D_ secretary: she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.A anxious B effective C adequate D efficient

anxious adj.憂慮的，焦慮的； anxiety n.焦慮，憂慮； effective adj.有效的；

take effective measures 采取有效的措施； adequate adj.充足的，足夠的；= surficient.efficient adj.效率高的，能勝任的。

64.The computer has brought about surprising technological changes _B_ we organize and produce information.A in a way B in the way C in that way D in no way in the way 引導(dǎo)句子時(shí)表示“在...方面”。

170.Please move this chair, it is _A_.A in the way B on the way C in a way D by the way in the way在沒有引導(dǎo)句子時(shí)表示“擋路的，妨礙某人的”。

67.In Australia the Asians make their influence _C_ in businesses large and small.A feeling B feel C felt D to be felt

考試中常見的幾個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞：make, get, keep, leave.考試中的形式：使役動(dòng)詞 + sb.(sth.)+ ___ 此時(shí)空格處應(yīng)填分詞

具體是要填現(xiàn)在還是過去分詞由空格前的sb.(sth.)決定，如果它是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者則填現(xiàn)在分詞，如果它是動(dòng)作的承受者則填過去分詞。

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41.He came back late, _B_ which time all the guests had already left.A after B by C at D during

介詞by引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語時(shí)一定與完成時(shí)態(tài)搭配。

45.His remarks left me _D_ about his real purpose.A wondered B wonder C to wonder D wondering

49.Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _D_.A blank B hollow C vacant D bare

blank adj.空白的（因?yàn)闆]寫字而空白）； hollow adj.空心的，中空的；

bare adj.光突突的（山上沒有樹和草）；沒帶首飾的； bald adj.禿頂?shù)摹?/p>

50.Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling _D_ heavy schedules.33 A with regard to B as to C in relation to D owing to owning to = due to 因?yàn)椤?/p>

52.William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _C_ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.A peculiarly B indifferently C vigorously D inevitably peculiar adj.奇特的； indifferently adv.冷漠地，不積極地；

vigorously adv.強(qiáng)有力的，強(qiáng)勁有力的； inevitably adv.不可避免地，必然地。

60.We have been told that under no circumstances _A_ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.A may we use B we may use C we could use D did we use

61.In previous times, then fresh meat was in short _D_, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.[in short supply 供應(yīng)不足] A store B provision C reserve D supply

in previous times 從前； fresh water 淡水； fresh meat 鮮肉； dove n.鴿子；

bean curd 豆腐； Bible 圣經(jīng)； bible 具有權(quán)威性的書； God 上帝； god 神。

62.As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _C_ for our defense.A had been taken B would be taken C be taken D to be taken 以下幾個(gè)表示“指揮，命令”的動(dòng)詞：order, command, direct.在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)從句要用“(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形”來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。

63.A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _A_ from the sort of candles used only in churches.A had come B coming C come D that came

65.I was _B_ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A to B on C at D in

to the point of 到了…程度； on the point of doing sth.正要做某事情；

at the point of 在某點(diǎn)上； when除了表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”外，還可以表示“恰在此時(shí)”或“剛…就…” 68.The project _C_ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A accomplished B being accomplished

C to be accomplished D having been accomplished

69._C_ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.A If being B It is C There is D There being

evidence表示“證據(jù)”，最大的特點(diǎn)是后面經(jīng)常帶同位語從句說明證據(jù)的內(nèi)容。

language-acquiring ability 語言習(xí)得能力。evidence不用在“it is …”這種結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中。

64.After the guests left, she spent half an hour _C_ the sitting-room[客廳].A ordering B arranging C tidying up D clearing away

order vt.命令；訂購；整理，使有條理性； order one's thoughts 整理思路，整理思緒；

arrange v.布置，安排； tidy up 整理，使整潔（后面通常加某個(gè)房間）；

clear away 把…清除掉。

67.A lorry[卡車] _A_ Jane's cat and sped away.A ran over B ran into C ran through D ran down

run over 撞倒并碾過； run into 不期然地遇到； run through 貫穿（多用于抽象事物）；

run down 貶低； run down one's opinion.34 70.Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _A_.A appreciated B approved C appealed D applied

rare books 珍藏本的書籍； appreciate 重視，欣賞，感激； approve 批準(zhǔn)，通過，贊成；

approve of 贊成，滿意； apply 應(yīng)用，運(yùn)用；

appeal 呼吁（表示此意義時(shí)它經(jīng)常于for搭配）；申訴，上訴（表示此意義時(shí)它要于to搭配）。

-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------15.Will you _C_ coming to dinner with me? A have the pleasure of B give the pleasure in C do me the pleasure of D take pleasure in

pleasure n.榮幸； 第二選項(xiàng)的正確形式應(yīng)為：give me the pleasure of C選項(xiàng)也可寫為：do me the favor(favour)of

18._C_ Goul had said it, he knew what a mistake he had made.A at once B No sooner C The moment D Hardly

以下幾個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞都可以表示“一…就…”：as soon as, the instant, the moment.25.Norin received a bad wound _B_ the leg when he was shot at.A on B in C at D of

表示身體某一部位受傷用介詞in。hit sb.in the face 打某人一個(gè)耳光。

28.Cork was angry;_D_ he listened to me.A and B but C so D nevertheless

cork n.軟木塞。nevertheless conj.盡管如此。

34.That _A_ instrument can record even very slightly changes.A delicate B feeble C sensible D feasible

instrument n.儀器，（彈奏的）樂器； delicate instrument 精密儀器。

delicate adj.精密的，準(zhǔn)確的； feeble adj.軟弱的，無力的； sensible adj.明智的；

sensitive adj.敏感的； be sensitive to 對(duì)…很敏感； feasible adj.可行的，行得通的。

40.Let’s begin the lesson at the place where we _A_ last time.A left off B left out C left to D left up leave off 停止，中斷； leave out = omit 遺漏；

43.Education does not _D_ simply _D_ learning a lot of facts.A consist;of B consist;from C consist;for D consist;in consist of 包括； consist in（抽象意義的）在于 = lie in在于。

49.There is no tree _A_ bears some fruit.A but B which C that D unless

but用在否定句中并且后面引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子時(shí)相當(dāng)于“that...not”。

本句可改寫為這種形式：There is no tree that does not bears some fruit.50.“Will you be able to finish the job this week?” “_D_.”

A I don’t know so B I can’t say so C I’m not sure so D I don’t expect so I don't expect so 恐怕不行。

394.“I hope that John will play basketball tomorrow.” “Yes, I _D_.” A hope it too B hope too C hope that too D hope so too 395.“I slipped on the stairs.I think my arm is broke.” “Oh, I _D_.” A do not hope so B do not hope C hope not so D hope not 肯定用：I hope so.否定用：I hope not.51.She died when she was ninety, not of old age, but _B_ head injury when she fell down a 35 flight of stairs.A of B from C with D for

die of 表示因年老，疾病或饑餓而死亡； die from 指因?yàn)槭軅劳觥?/p>

57.You have no busniess _D_ to me the way you did the other day.A to be talked B being talked C to talk D talking have no business doing sth.沒有理由（權(quán)利）做某事。

132._B_ day Bill was starting his motor-bike when his sister Mary came out and asked for a lift.[the other day 幾天前]

A Some B The other C Another D On one 65.I’d just as soon _A_ rudely to her.A you didn’t speak B that you don’t speak C that you won’t speak D you hadn’t speak

wish, would rather后面加句子，句子謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。

would just as soon的用法與would rather完全相同。

69.Which screw do you want? _A_ will do.A Any one B Not one C Everyone D Anyone

any one 任何一個(gè)（指事物）； no one 沒有人； everyone 每個(gè)人； anyone 任何人。

73.I suppose you’re not serious, _C_? A don’t you B do I C are you D aren’t you 主、從句整體變反意疑問句時(shí)通常都與主句保持一致。

但suppose, think, believe, imagine這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞后面加了賓語從句，然后對(duì)整個(gè)句子來變反意疑問句時(shí)反意疑問句部分與從句保持一致。

82.The chair belongs _B_ the corner.A to B in C on D with

belong to 屬于（表示歸屬關(guān)系）； belong in 在…有適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?/p>

94.The terrible noise is _B_ me mad.A turing B driving C setting D putting drive sb.mad(crazy)使某人發(fā)瘋。

114.We are bound _B_ with difficulties in our English study.A to have met B to meet C meeting D having met be bound to do sth.一定會(huì)做某事。

118.Everyone assumed what he said _B_ based on facts.A is B to be C were D being

assume sb.(sth.)to do sth.想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為某人（某事物）要做某事。

assume + that引導(dǎo)的從句。

129.The shape of Italy on a map has often been compared _C_ a long Wellington boot.A as B with C to D against

compare與with搭配，表示將A與B進(jìn)行比較； compare與to搭配，表示將A比作B。

130.Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university, there are very few _C_ apartments in the area.A free B empty C vacant D reserved vacant adj.空閑的。

144.I know Jonathan quite well and never doubt _B_ he can do a good job of it.A whether B that C when D what

doubt + whether引導(dǎo)的從句，懷疑是否… ； doubt + that引導(dǎo)的從句。對(duì)...真的有疑慮。

156.Let bygones be bygones.Don’t _D_ so much on the past.A lie B lay C dwelt D dwell

let bygones be bygones.讓過去的過去吧。dwell vi.居住； dwell on 老是想著… 162.Intellect is to the mind _B_ sight is to the body.A which B what C where D but

what這時(shí)連接兩個(gè)句子，表示“有如”或“就像…一樣”。

what只有用在這種“A對(duì)于B來說就象C對(duì)于D一樣”句型當(dāng)中時(shí)。

Air is to man what water is to the fish.空氣對(duì)于人類來說就象水對(duì)于魚來說一樣重要。

165.His honesty is _D_, nobody can doubt it.A in question B beside the question C out of the question D without question in question = under discussion 正在討論中的； beside the question 離題，與題無關(guān)；

out of the question 不可能的； out of question 沒有問題的，毫無疑問的；

without question 沒有問題的，毫無疑問的 = out of question.172.Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden.New York is _A_.A a case in point B a case to point C the case D in the case of a case in point 有說服力的例子。

185.“Frank is up late working again.”

“This is the third time this week he’s had to study late, _A_?” A isn’t it B hasn’t it C isn’t he D hasn’t he 這里it是代詞，指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容。

表示“第幾次做某事”變成反意疑問句經(jīng)常用it指代整句話的內(nèi)容。

252.This is the first time that he has felt really relaxed for months, _B_? A hasn’t he B isn’t it C isn’t he D hasn’t it 191.A judge must be _B_ when weighing evidence.A interested B disinterested C uninterested D disconnected

weigh vt.斟酌，考慮； interested adj.有興趣的； disinterested adj.公正的，無私的；

uninterested adj.不感興趣的； disconnected adj.分離的，不連貫的。

217.Although he sometimes lost his temper, his pupils liked him _D_ for it.A not so much B not so little C no more D no less lose one’s temper 發(fā)脾氣。

222.Wise men seek after truth, _A_ fools desire knowledge.A whereas B or C as well as D hence whereas conj.反之，但是。

239.Water and air are _D_ to living.A independent B initial C dependent D indispensable be indispensable to 至關(guān)重要的，不可或缺的；

240.This report throws light _B_ the situation.A in B on C with D to

throw light on 把光投到…上去，（引申）清楚的闡述。

246._B_ that we will go abroad.A It’s like B Chances are C The most likely D Chances will be chances are 很有可能… ； chances were 很有可能… 253.Is there any chance _B_?

A whichever B whatsoever C wherever D whenever

whatsoever經(jīng)常放在一些名詞后面作后置定語，表示“任何的”或“絲毫的”。

whatsoever作后置定語通常放在有any的，或者是否定的句子中。

262.She is so clever as to speak several foreign languages, not to _D_ of English.A say B tell C read D speak not speak of 更不用說 = not to mention 270.What he did was _C_ than a practical joke.A anything else B or else C nothing else D more else practical joke 惡作劇； nothing else than 只不過，僅僅。

283.I’ll be away for about six months but you can write to me _A_ my brother.A in care of B by care of C with care of D under care of in care of 由…轉(zhuǎn)交。= C/O

284.Correct the errors, _D_, in the sentence.A if there will be any B if there are some C if they have any D if any if any是一個(gè)口語中經(jīng)常加的插入語成分，表示“如果說有…的話”。

288.There is no point _C_ in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything _C_ the people who have to stay here.A remaining … helping B to remain … to help C in remaining … to help D in remaining … helping

there is no point in doing sth.做某事也是毫無意義； 這里point表示“作用，用途”。

291.Do most of us seeing people grasp casually the outward features of a face and _D_? A let it alone B let alone C let well alone D let it go at that seeing people 視力健全的人； casually 隨意地，隨便地；

let is go at that表示“不去多操心，不再多說，隨它去了”。

316.The policemen went into action _C_ they heard the alarm.A presently B promptly C directly D quickly directly adv.直接的； conj.一…就…，一當(dāng)…時(shí)候。

表示“一…就…”的幾個(gè)短語：as soon as, the instant, the moment, directly.323.The cat is, _D_, a member of the family.A as to speak B no wonder C as a fact D so to speak so to speak 可以這么說。

335.“What can I do for you?” “If you _C_ see Mr.Keller, give him my regards.” A would B will C should D shall regard n.關(guān)心，致意，問候，考慮；

356.The Mayor and Corporation of Hamelin were _A_ for some way of ridding the town of rats.[The Mayor and Corporation 市長(zhǎng)和市政當(dāng)局]

A at their wit’s end B at their wits end C in their wit’s end D for their wits end at one's wit's end 智窮才竭，黔驢技窮。

383.I think your sister is old enough to know _B_ to spend all her money on fancy goods.A other than B better than C rather than D more than know better than 明白事理而不至于做…

417.The police looked _B_ the past record of the suspect.A in B into C for D of

第三篇：《新東方四級(jí)30天90分》詞匯學(xué)習(xí)筆記

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四級(jí)考試簡(jiǎn)介

成績(jī)90分以上需要背4200個(gè)單詞

成績(jī)70－80分需要背457個(gè)單詞

單詞的重考率極高，比如：available（四級(jí)最愛）constrain（六級(jí)永陪詞匯）主考時(shí)態(tài)：容易成為答案的時(shí)態(tài)

1、過去完成時(shí)

2、將來完成時(shí)

3、完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 課程安排：

1.摸底，講單詞2.時(shí)態(tài)，非謂語動(dòng)詞3.虛擬語氣4.倒裝，主謂一致5.從句6.綜合串講 長(zhǎng)得像的選項(xiàng)有一個(gè)是答案

[P56-24]Young people are not _______ to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate in.A)conservative

B)content

C)confident

D)generous 注：押頭韻去除D。

[P56-29]By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _______ opportunity to change his mind.A)accurate

B)urgent

C)excessive

D)adequate 注：押尾韻去除C。摸底[P56-Unit 17] 21.As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _______it.A)postpone

B)refuse

C)delay

D)cancel 注：postpone 推遲 refuse 拒絕

delay 推遲，拖延

cancel 取消

22.These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _______ you need.A)all the information

B)all the informationsC)all of information D)all of the informations 注：1.information 不可數(shù)名詞 2.all of 表示of 中的全部，所以后面名詞一定要有明確的范圍，必須加以限定。而all 沒有這個(gè)要求。

23.Not until the game had begun _______ at the sports ground.A)had he arrived

B)would he have arrived C)did he arrive

D)should he have arrived 注：1.not until 句型

2.過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)成對(duì)使用

24.Young people are not _______ to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate in.A)conservative B)content

C)confident D)generous

注：conservative 保守的 content 滿足；內(nèi)容

confident 自信的generous 慷慨的

25.Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _______.A)granted

B)implied

C)exaggerated D)remedied 注：exaggerated

夸大的

26.These surveys indicate that many crimes go _______ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.A)unrecorded B)to be unrecorded C)unrecording D)to have been unrecorded 27.I have no objection _______ your story again.A)to hear

B)to hearing

C)to having heard

D)to have heard 注：object to doing 反對(duì)。其中 to為介詞。動(dòng)詞跟介詞，則相應(yīng)的名詞形式也跟介詞 28.The clothes a person wears may express his _______ or social position.A)curiosity

B)status

C)determination D)significance 注：status 地位，身份

29.By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _______ opportunity to change his mind.A)accurate

B)urgent

C)excessive

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注：adequate 足夠的

30.You will see this product _______ wherever you go.A)to be advertised

B)advertised

C)advertise

D)advertising 31.The early pioneers had to _______ many hardships to settle on the new land.A)go along with

B)go back on C)go through D)go into 注：1.go through 經(jīng)歷困難而完成congratulation（對(duì)新郎）best wishes（對(duì)新娘）2.go along with 陪伴

3.go back on 違背，背棄

4.go into 談?wù)摚劶?/p>

32.The suggestion that the mayor _______ they prizes was accepted by everyone.A)would present

B)present

C)presents D)ought to present注：should 省略虛擬

33.Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _______ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A)whose

B)which

C)that

D)what 34.Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _______ at the next town.A)to stop

B)stopping

C)stop

D)having stopped注：suggest doing 建議做...35.I didn't know the word.I had to _______ a dictionary.A)look out

B)make out

C)refer to

D)go over注：refer to 查字典

36.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _______ his arguments in favour of the new theory.A)to be based on

B)to base on

C)which to base on D)on which to base 注：on which to do

介詞+which+to do 結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于定語從句

37.There are signs _______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A)that

B)which

C)in which

D)whose 注：同位語從句

38.I think I was at school, _______ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.A)or else B)and then

C)or so

D)even so 注：or else 否則要不然 39.It is said that the math teacher seems _______ towards bright students.A)partial

B)beneficial

C)preferable

D)liable注：partial 偏袒的

40.In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _______ trouble over the figures.A)extensive

B)spare

C)extra

D)supreme注：extra 額外的 41.--“May I speak to your manager Mr.Williams at five o'clock tonight?”

--“I'm sorry.M.Williams _______ to a conference long before then.” A)will have gone

B)had gone

C)would have gone

D)has gone 注：主考時(shí)態(tài)：將來完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)

42.You _______ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.A)shouldn't follow

B)mustn't follow C)couldn't have been following

D)shouldn't have been following 注：本不應(yīng)該

43.The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _______ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A)have allowed B)allow

C)allowing

D)allows 注：主謂一致，復(fù)雜主語中心詞是growth，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

44.Everybody _______ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.A)assembled B)accumulated

C)piled

D)joined 注：assemble（人群的）聚集

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45.Putting in a new window will _______ cutting away part of the roof.A)include

B)involve C)containD)comprise注：involve doing = need doing 需要

46.Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _______ obtaining fresh water is not the least.A)with which B)for which

C)of whichD)which注：of which 其中

47.In the _______ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.A)face

B)time C)even

tD)course 注：in the event of 萬一 48.The manager would rather his daughter _______ in the same office.A)had not worked B)not to work

C)does not work D)did not work 注：would rather 加一般過去時(shí)表示虛擬。

49._______, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A)Although much he likes her

B)Much although he likes her C)As he likes her much

D)Much as he likes her 50.The British constitution is _______ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.A)within

B)to C)by

D)at 單詞記憶舉例：

Ivy 常春藤 gazelle 瞪羚vigor

精力naive

天真的quaint

古怪的acquaint 使熟悉 背單詞的方法： 諧音聯(lián)想記憶法：

ambition 野心

ambitious野心勃勃的 ponderous沉重的，笨重的sneer嘲笑,譏笑 exhaust 使精疲力盡

nuisance 討厭的人 bruise 瘀傷brutal 殘忍的curse 詛咒

2、近形對(duì)照法：

adapt 適應(yīng)；adopt 采納；收養(yǎng)adept 有技巧的；熟練的

coast 海岸線（ocean 海洋）;roast 燒，烤;boast 吹噓;toast 干杯 形象聯(lián)想法：

look 看；loom 若隱若現(xiàn)；liberty 自由；blush 臉紅；amorous 好色的；morose 郁悶的；mortal 必死的；mental 智力的，精神的

記憶類型：

1、視覺型：不斷的重復(fù)

2、聽覺型：自己錄自己的講解，不斷的聽

3、混合型：記情節(jié)，細(xì)節(jié)

愛情三部曲I：apply 申請(qǐng)

approve 批準(zhǔn)

appreciate 感激

attention 注意attract 吸引

arrange 安排

appointment 約會(huì)

[P52-42]Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______, drawing millions of visitors every year.A)attention

B)attraction

C)appointment

D)arrangement 注：tourist attraction 旅游勝地

[P52-70]Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply ______.A)appreciated

B)approved

C)appealed

D)applied 注：appeal 上訴

subject to 屈從于，使服從

summit 峰會(huì) 高頻成為答案詞匯： 愛情三部曲

apply 申請(qǐng)

approve 批準(zhǔn)

appreciate 感激

attention 注意

attract 吸引 arrange 安排

appointment 約會(huì)

engagement 約會(huì)

in that = because

now that = since

regardless of 不管，不顧 in terms of 根據(jù) object to 反對(duì)（to為介詞）

bargain v.討價(jià)還價(jià)；n.便宜貨

pace 節(jié)奏 available 可獲得的，可得到的（Are you available? 你是否有時(shí)間？）

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[P1-42]There were no tickets ______ for Friday?s performance.A)preferable B)considerable

C)possible

D)available 注：1.preferable 喜歡的，更好的2.considerable 相當(dāng)多的，大量的； considerate 體貼的，體諒的，考慮周到的

[P3-62]______ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A)For now

B)Now that C)Ever since

D)By now [P5-48]The match was cancelled because most of the members ______ a match without a standard court.A)objected to having B)were objected to have C)objected to have D)were objected to having 注：objected to doing [P6-56]Many people complain of the rapid ______ of modern life.A)rate B)speed

C)pace

D)growth [P13-58]Liquids are like solids ______ they have a definite volume.A)with that

B)for that

C)in that

D)at that [P15-34]Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ____ the color of his skin.A)regardless of

B)in the light of

C)by virtue of

D)with the exception of 注：1.in the light of 根據(jù)

2.by virtue of 借助于，依靠，由于 3.with the exception of 除了

[P17-57]______ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A)For

B)Since

C)Now

D)Despite [P23-59]He decided to make further improvements on the computer?s design _________ the light of the requirements of customers.A)an

B)for

C)in

D)with [P27-43]It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _________ knowledge.A)extensive B)expansive C)intensive D)expensive 注：通過押頭韻排除C，通過押尾韻排除B 重要的詞性：

1、動(dòng)詞和名詞：名詞是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者或承受者。

2、形容詞和名詞：形容詞修飾名詞。

I love a beautiful girl.3、副詞：副詞修飾形容詞；副詞修飾動(dòng)詞；副詞修飾副詞。

I love a very beautiful girl.I always love a very beautiful girl.Not surprisingly, I always love a very beautiful girl.豬八戒的五大特征： 1.vigorous 精力充沛的 2.glimpse 一瞥

love at the first glimpse 一見鐘情

view 風(fēng)景（不可數(shù)）a room with view《看得見風(fēng)景的房間》；視野 come into view 走進(jìn)視野

glance 一瞥

gaze 凝視，尤指感興趣的看（gazelle 瞪羚）

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peep 偷窺

3.considerate 體貼的；

considerable 相當(dāng)多的，大量的； 4.consistent 一致的，和諧的； 5.be liable for 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)

動(dòng)詞：謂語動(dòng)詞有且只有一個(gè)。如果再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞只能以非謂語形式存在：-ing,-ed, to do

To get a high score, we have to study hard.I came in, followed by two dogs.Seeing is believing.口訣：

謂語非謂經(jīng)常混

謂語句中就一個(gè)

其余動(dòng)詞非謂語

非謂形式有三種

-ing,-ed 和to do

現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)

過去分詞表被動(dòng)

目的要用不定式

主賓要用動(dòng)名詞

一、謂語動(dòng)詞常考點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、情態(tài)、倒裝、主謂一致

二、謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（共有16 種）：

時(shí)間：過去、現(xiàn)在、將來、過將（虛擬）

狀態(tài)：一般、進(jìn)行、完成、完成進(jìn)行 三、四級(jí)考試中主要考的三個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)：過去完成時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1、過去完成時(shí)：到過去某個(gè)點(diǎn)為止所完成的動(dòng)作；在過去發(fā)生了兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，先過去完成時(shí)后一般過去時(shí)。

過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)常常成對(duì)出現(xiàn)。

[P2-53]We _________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A)just have had

B)have just had

C)just had

D)had just had [P28-25]Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it _________ necessary for all planes to land for refueling.A)would be B)has been

C)had been

D)would have been 注：時(shí)態(tài)題，A和D是虛擬語氣，應(yīng)排除。過去完成時(shí)所以選C。

A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _______ from the sort of candles used only in churches.A)had come

B)coming

C)come

D)that came 注：1.because 從句缺謂語

2.兩個(gè)逗號(hào)中間的found on his clothes 是插入成分

William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.A)peculiarly

B)indifferently

C)vigorously

D)inevitably 注：1.peculiarly 奇怪地

2.indifferently 冷漠地

3.inevitably 不可避免地

Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _______ in the marker.A)batteries

B)bargains

C)baskets

D)barrels [P56-23]Not until the game had begun_______ at the sports ground.A)had he arrived

B)would he have arrived

C)did he arrive

D)should he have arrived 注：Not until 連詞，標(biāo)明從句。主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。

Not until the vacation had begun did I pay tuition.Not until I had met Lily did I realize the importance of English.聲明：本資料由聽力課堂網(wǎng)站收集整理，僅供英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用，資料版權(quán)屬于原作者。

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Not until I had met Lily did I realize that learning English is so easy.2、將來完成時(shí)：到將來某個(gè)點(diǎn)為止所完成的動(dòng)作。

We'll have learned 3000 words by the end of this year.by then 到那個(gè)時(shí)候

[P8-45]By the end of this month, we surely _________ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A)have found B)will be finding C)will have found D)are finding [P8-49]Not _________, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.A)obviously B)surprisingly C)particularly D)normally [P26-39] It?s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _________ by about 10%.A)will have risen

B)has risen

C)will be rising D)has been rising 注：rise to 上升到

rise by 上升了

[P54-55]Between 1974 and 1997，the number of overseas visitors expanded ______ 27%.A)by

B)for

C)to

D)in [P54-54]It is our ______ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A)consistent B)continuous C)considerate

D)continual 注：continuous 連續(xù)不斷的considerate 體貼的 continual 時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的

[P54-56]Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful ______ it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes are behaviors.A)by which

B)to which

C)in that

D)so that

注：in that 因?yàn)?[P26-34]We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _________ view.A)from

B)in

C)before

D)into [P25-29]Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _________ through the window.A)vision

B)look

C)picture

D)view [P24-66]I have no objection _________ the evening with them.A)to spend

B)to spending

C)of spending

D)spending [P43-47]My train arrives in New York at eight o?clock tonight.The plane I would like to take from there _________ by then.A)would leave

B)will have left

C)has left

D)had left 注：時(shí)間狀語從句，條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。

[P43-51]All flights _________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A)had been canceled

B)have been canceled

C)were canceled

D)having been canceled 注：because of 介詞，此句為單句，謂語動(dòng)詞有一個(gè)，所以選非謂語動(dòng)詞。獨(dú)立主格 [P43-53]Remember that customers don?t _________ about prices in that city.A)debate

B)consult

C)dispute

D)bargain

注：1.bargain 討價(jià)還價(jià)

2.debate 辯論，爭(zhēng)論 3.consult 咨詢4.dispute 辯論,爭(zhēng)吵 dispute over [P45-42]By the end of the year all but two people _________.A)have left

B)will leave

C)will be leaving

D)will have left [P45-70]Our journey was slow because the train stopped _________ at different villages.A)unceasingly B)gradually

C)continuously

D)continually 注：1.journey 旅行2.unceasingly 不停地，連續(xù)不斷地3.gradually 逐漸地

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4.continuously 連續(xù)不斷地 5.continually 時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)地，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地

[P44-58]These two areas are similar _________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A)to that

B)besides that

C)in that

D)except that [P66-41]By the time you get to New York, I ______ for London.A)would be leaving

B)am leaving C)have already left

D)shall have left [P63-31]By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ______ here for two days.A)will have stayed

B)shall stay C)have been staying

D)have stayed

3、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：更加強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間性。

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)為例：They have been standing there for 3 days.[P16-45]It seems oil _________ from this pipe for some time.We?ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A)had leaked

B)has been leaking

C)leaked

D)is leaking 非謂語動(dòng)詞三大類：分詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式 分詞常考題型：做狀語、做定語 分詞作狀語形式：，主謂賓

不管謂語和賓語，只看主語能不能做這件事。分詞作狀語題型，不定式不是答案。

永遠(yuǎn)不是答案的形式：having +v-ed, been+ v-ed, be+ v-ed 過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng)進(jìn)行。例：_____, I am listening to the music.Standing by Mr.LiuB)Stood by Mr.Liu 注：看主語能不能發(fā)出這個(gè)動(dòng)作，還是動(dòng)作的承受者來選擇是-ing還是-ed [P11-43] No matter how frequently ___, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A)performed

B)performing

C)to be performed

D)being performed 注：“空格+逗號(hào)+主謂賓”表示分詞作狀語。

現(xiàn)在分詞的常見形式：

1.一般式：v-ing 與謂語動(dòng)詞同步發(fā)生。2.being+ v-ed 表示正在被做。

3.having +ed 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生謂語動(dòng)詞之前。（在四級(jí)考試中不是正確答案）Having destroyed their house, they lived in a cave [P29-22] ___ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.A)Having believed

B)Believing

C)Believed

D)Being believed 注：分詞作狀語題型。

[P57-68] ___ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A)To look at

B)Looking at

C)Looked at

D)To be looked at 注：分詞作狀語題型，A和D選項(xiàng)首先排除，situation和look是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選C [P57-69] A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen.They are a thorough ______.A)nuisance

B)trouble

C)worry

D)anxiety 注：nuisance 討厭的人 單詞記憶：

exhaust 使精疲力盡

sting 蜇，咬

bruise 瘀傷 black and blue 青一塊，紫一塊，遍體鱗傷的

brutal 殘忍的 kagroo 袋鼠

cougar 美洲獅

ignore 忽視

ignorant 無知的

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ignorance 無知

ambition 雄心，野心

sneer 輕視，蔑視 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：

1、名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞

2、在句中作狀語

3、分詞的一種，也有分詞的幾種事時(shí)態(tài)

4、with/ without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

P41-49] All things _________, the planned trip will have to be called off.A)considered

B)be considered

C)considering

D)having considered 注：分詞題型中 having +ed 都不要考慮

P6-58]The speaker, _________ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.A)having known

B)being known

C)knowing

D)known 注：having + v-ed做定語和狀語都不會(huì)是答案

[P22-44]Homework _________ on time will lead to better grades.A)done

B)be done

C)having done

D)to have been done [P22-45]The speech _________, a lively discussion started.A)being delivered

B)was delivered

C)be delivered

D)having been delivered 注：1.考的是過去式獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。

2.按時(shí)間順序，先講座后討論，所以選D。

[P37-36]As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be established in every town _____ 50 households or more.A)having

B)to have

C)to have had

D)having had [P44-48]The speech which he made _____ the project has bothered me greatly.A)being concerned

B)concerned

C)be concerned

D)concerning 注：1.which he made定語從句本身不是劃線的內(nèi)容的話，可以將其去掉不考慮。

2.concerning 為介詞，關(guān)于。相當(dāng)于 about/ over（國外常用）； concerning/ as to（國內(nèi)考試用）。

3.bother 打擾；brother 兄弟

fiend 魔鬼；friend 朋友 動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)作性的名詞

1、是名詞，可作主語和賓語。

2、兩種形式：-ing 形式表示主動(dòng)Seeing is believing；being + v-ed 表被動(dòng) being exposed to。

3、前面可有動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，即帶主語（賓格/所有格）I remember him offering.4、后面可有動(dòng)作的承受者，即帶賓詞 Starving troops is necessary.5、動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞一定要用單數(shù)。

6、動(dòng)名詞的否定前面直接加not。

口訣：動(dòng)名詞功能多

能做主能做賓

主動(dòng)形式-ing

被動(dòng)形式being done

可帶賓可加主

主為賓格所有格 [P8-44] After _________ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A)being interviewed

B)interviewed

C)interviewing

D)having interviewed 注：介詞后缺賓語，應(yīng)為被動(dòng)形式。[P44-45] _________ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.聲明：本資料由聽力課堂網(wǎng)站收集整理，僅供英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用，資料版權(quán)屬于原作者。

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A)The girl was educated

B)The girl educated C)The girl?s being educated

D)The girl to be educated 需要接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞：

COMPARE: consider

object to

mind

prevent/

permit avoid

risk enjoy MISTAKE: miss imagine

suggest

tolerate

appreciate keep escape [P5-49]The teacher doesn?t permit _________ in class.A)smoke

B)to smoke

C)smoking

D)to have a smoke [P5-51]I appreciate _________ to your home.A)to be invited

B)to have invited

C)having invited

D)being invited [P8-41] Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _______ for her examination.A)to prepare

B)to be prepared

C)preparing

D)being prepared 注：be busy doing [P11-42]Mark often attempts to escape _______ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A)having been fined

B)to have been fined

C)being fined

D)to be fined [P11-41]I would appreciate ______ it a secret.A)you to keep

B)your keeping

C)that you keep

D)that you will keep [P18-58]The man in the corner confessed to _________ a lie to the manager of the company.A)have told

B)having told

C)being told

D)be told

注：1.to 在這里是介詞。（having+v-ed唯一正確的一次）

2.to 作介詞的詞組：object to, look forward to 等 [P19-48] It?s no use _________me not to worry.A)you tell B)your telling

C)for you to have told

D)having told 注：固定句型 It's no use doing.做什么事情是沒有用的

[P20-55]They are considering _________before the prices go up.A)of buying the house

B)with buying the house C)buying the house D)to buy the house [P20-59]He went ahead _________ all warnings about the danger of his mission.A)in case of B)because of

C)regardless of

D)prior to 注: 1.go ahead 繼續(xù)

2.mission 任務(wù) [P20-65] None of the servants were _________ when Mr.smith wanted to send a message.A)available B)approachable C)attainable D)applicable 不定式的常考形式：作定語，作狀語

1、作狀語表目的 To become a teacher, you must have a master degree.2、定語表示將要做，分詞作定語表示已完成。the surface to be glued（即將被粘好的）/ the surface glued（已經(jīng)被粘好的）

3、不定式的省略，如 help，使役動(dòng)詞 have，感觀動(dòng)詞 see。

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口訣：一個(gè)感覺 feel

兩個(gè)聽 hear/ listen to

三個(gè)讓 have/ make/ get/ let（聽力中）

四個(gè)看 notice/ watch/ observe/ see

半個(gè) help 兩均可

被動(dòng)以后 to 還原

[P19-53]My sister?s professor had her _________ her paper many times before allowing her to present it to the committee.A)rewritten

B)to rewrite

C)rewrite

D)rewriting 注：have sb.do sth.讓某人做某事 [P20-54] Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _________ it closely.A)followed

B)following

C)to follow

D)being followed 注：1.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

2.兩個(gè)名詞之間用-ing形式

3.自然現(xiàn)象用主動(dòng)形式

[P28-42]Don?t get your schedule _________;stay with us in this class.A)to change

B)changing

C)changed

D)change [P38-44]They are going to have the technician _________ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.A)install

B)to install

C)to be installed

D)installed 注：1.主動(dòng)才能帶賓語，have sb.do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。

2.technician 技術(shù)工人

[P50-67]In Australia the Asians make their influence _________ in businesses large and small.A)felling

B)feel

C)felt

D)to be felt [P50-42]I'm very sorry to have _______ you with so many questions on such an occasion.A)interfered

B)offended C)impressed

D)bothered 注：1.interfer 干涉，干擾 2.offend 冒犯 3.impress 印象；express 表達(dá) 4.bother 打擾 [P51-46]I have heard both teachers and students _______ well of him.A)to speak

B)spoken

C)to have spoken

D)speak [P51-52]William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.A)peculiarly

B)indifferently

C)vigorously

D)inevitably 注: peculiarly 奇特的

[P58-30]You will see this product _______ wherever you go.A)to be advertised B)advertised

C)advertise

D)advertising [P63-16]They noticed a crowd of people in front of the Madeleine _____.A)shouting and cheering

B)to shout and cheer C)to be shouting and cheering

D)being shouted and cheered [P2-55]The children went there to watch the iron tower _______ A)to erect

B)be erected

C)erecting

D)being erected 加不定式與doing含義不一樣的動(dòng)詞

FROGS:forget

remember/ regret

go on

stop + doing 表示已做的事情

+ to do 表示沒做的事情 [P10-62]I remember ______ to help us if we ever got into trouble.聲明：本資料由聽力課堂網(wǎng)站收集整理，僅供英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用，資料版權(quán)屬于原作者。

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A)once offering

B)him once offering

C)him to offer

D)to offer him [P27-40]If I had remembered ______ the window, the thief would not have got in.A)to close

B)closing

C)to have closed

D)having closed 應(yīng)該類的虛擬語氣

1、應(yīng)該做的事情 I should go!

2、非現(xiàn)實(shí)情況的描述 I should be working now!

3、懊悔不已的事情 I should have practiced more.4、要求類動(dòng)詞后需要用虛擬語氣，should 可以省略

如：require 命令；request 要求；reticent 沉默的；retinue 隨從 innocent 無辜的；天真的 I DROP CAPS:

insist，demmand/ desire

require/ request order

propose command

advice

prefer s uggest [P60-42]You _______ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.A)shouldn't follow B)mustn't followC)couldn't have been followingD)shouldn't have been following [P59-32]The suggestion that the mayor _______ they prizes was accepted by everyone.A)would present

B)present

C)presents

D)ought to present 注：suggest + that 虛擬語氣表建議should 可以省略suggest doing suggest 表明，不接虛擬 [P49-65]The manager of the hotel requests that their guests _________ after 11:00p.m.A)not to play loud music

B)shouldn?t play loud music C)don?t play loud music

D)couldn?t play loud music [P18-43]He suggested _________ to tomorrow?s exhibition together.A)us to go

B)we went

C)we shall go

D)we go [P17-55]I don?t think it advisable that Tim _________ to the job since he has no experience.A)be assignedB)will be assignedC)is assignedD)has been assigned [P12-44]It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.A)not be started B)will not be started

C)is not started

D)is not to be started [P26-28]It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _________ after 11 o?clock at night.A)were not playedB)not to playC)not be playedD)did not play It is + adj.+ that 句型，should 可以省略的虛擬。

adj.important necessary essential incredible strange

naturalpity ashame

no wander 與事實(shí)相反類的虛擬

1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：用一般過去時(shí)（系動(dòng)詞用were）I wish I were not here.2、與過去事實(shí)相反：用過去完成時(shí) I wish I had passed CET-4.I wish I could have passed CET-4.(非正式表達(dá)方式）

[P56-58]Sometimes I wish I ______ in a different time and a different place.A)be living

B)were living

C)would live

D)would have lived [P56-56]Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful

it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes are behaviors.A)by which

B)to which

C)in that

D)so that [P56-57]He is ______ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A)optimistic

B)optional

C)outstanding

D)obvious 注：1.optimistic 樂觀的2.optional 可選擇的3.outstanding 突出的聲明：本資料由聽力課堂網(wǎng)站收集整理，僅供英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用，資料版權(quán)屬于原作者。

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[P56-64]It is essential that these application forms ______ back as early as possible.A)must be sent B)will be sent C)are sent D)be sent注：It is + adj.+that 句型。[P11-70]Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I _________ your advice.A)follow B)had followed

C)would follow

D)have followed 注：表示與過去事實(shí)相反。

[P12-45]I wish I _________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A)have slept

B)slept C)might have slept

D)could have slept 注：表示與過去事實(shí)相反。

3、對(duì)將來事實(shí)可能出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象的否定推測(cè)，用虛擬語氣。

I wish you couldn't smoke any more.would/ could/ should/ might + v.用be to 表示將來，虛擬語氣中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)were to do（考點(diǎn)）

I am to go shopping.---I were to go shopping.If only I were to go shopping.[P35-47]If only the committee _______ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.A)approve

B)will approve

C)can approve

D)would approve 虛擬條件句

定義：在一個(gè)與事實(shí)相反的條件的基礎(chǔ)之上所得出的應(yīng)該的亦或是可能的結(jié)論。虛擬條件句的結(jié)構(gòu)：與事實(shí)相反類（條件）＋ 應(yīng)該類（結(jié)論）

這兩個(gè)部分沒有必然而直接的聯(lián)系，在解題時(shí)先看結(jié)論再看條件。If Mr.Wang hadn't cultivated me, I shouldn't be working now.同義詞辨析：tame 馴化

breed 繁殖

raise 撫養(yǎng)

cultivate 培養(yǎng) 結(jié)論部分：would/ could/ should/ might + 虛擬

規(guī)律：如果把空格劃在條件部分，一定要選擇 were to；

如果把空格劃在結(jié)論部分，有could/ would/ should/ might +have +v.-ed 為正確答案。

有時(shí)一些介詞也可以表示條件：In your position I would kill myself.= If I were in your position...此類詞有：otherwise/ but for/ without/ with 虛擬語氣中 If 可以省略，但是句序要變，If I were you...改為Were I you...[P34-34]________ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A)Had they arrivedB)Would they arriveC)Were they arrivingD)Were they to arrive [P34-33]Last year the advertising rate ________ by 20 percent.A)raised

B)aroused

C)arose

D)rose [P16-42] Had he worked harder, he _________ the exams.A)must have got throughB)could get through C)would get throughD)would have got through 注：條件部分省略了if 用了倒裝。

[P28-44]Jean doesn?t want to work right away because she thinks that if she _________ a job she probably wouldn?t be able to see her friends very often.A)has to ge

tB)were to get

C)had got

D)could have got [P31-42]_________ right now, she would get there on Sunday.A)Would she leave

B)If she leaves

C)Were she to leave

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[P12-46]We didn?t know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.A)had telephoned B)must have telephoned C)would telephon D)would have telephoned [P12-52]_____ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A)Until

B)Before

C)From

D)Since 注：not...until...的句型。

[P13-58]Liquids are like solids _________ they have a definite volume.A)with that

B)for that

C)in that

D)at that [P2-51]He must have had an accident, or he _________ then.A)would have been here

B)had to be here C)should be here

D)would be here 注：1.must have done 表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的肯定推測(cè)

2.or 表否定

[P2-52]It was essential that the application forms _____ back before the deadline.A)must be sent B)would be sent C)be sent

D)were sent [P3-62]_____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work..A)For now

B)Now that

C)Ever sine

D)By now 注：1.for now 眼下，目前 2.now that 既然 3.ever since 自從以來 4.by now 至今為止 特殊句型：

1.would rather 加賓從時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)表示虛擬。

I would rather you didn't appear in my life.聯(lián)想單詞記憶: Cupid 丘比特

Venus 維納斯；金星

volcano 火山

Mars 戰(zhàn)神

Apollo 阿波羅，太陽神 Diana 月亮女神

meander 蜿蜒而流

laurel 月桂樹，桂冠 cupidity 貪婪

avenue 林蔭大 revenue 收入，稅入 adamant 堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的 Adam's apple 喉結(jié)

2.would rather 加動(dòng)詞（原形）時(shí)表示寧愿，相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

I would rather stay here.3.would rather 與 than 搭配。

I would rather stay here than go home.4.It is time...句型，用一般過去時(shí)表虛擬語氣。

It is time you picked up a girl.[P45-57]“You are very selfish.It?s high time you _________ that you are not the most important person in the world, ” Edgar said to his boss angrily.A)realized

B)have realized

C)realize

D)should realize [P45-58]These two areas are similar _________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A)to that

B)besides that

C)in that

D)except that [P45-60]If I hadn?t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _________ now.A)wouldn?t be smiling

B)couldn?t have smiled

C)won?t smile

D)didn?t smile 注：混合虛擬語氣

首先判斷是否是虛擬語氣；如果是虛擬語氣的話，見到now就是混合虛擬語氣 [P41-48]I?d rather you _______ make any comment on the issue for the time being.A)don?t

B)wouldn?t

C)didn?t

D)shouldn?t

[P41-53]If she doesn?t tell him the truth now, he?ll simply keep on asking her until she _____.A)does

B)has done

C)will do

D)would do 注：在條件句中在時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。

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[P39-59]You don?t have to be in such a hurry, I would rather you _______ on business first.A)would go

B)will go

C)went

D)have gone [P31-43]It?s already 5 o?clock now.Don?t you think it?s about time ________?

A)we are going home B)we go home

C)we went home

D)we can go home [P24-61]To be frank, I?d rather you ________ in the case.A)will not be involved

B)not involved

C)not to be involved

D)were not involved [P24-66] I have no objection ________ the evening with them.A)to spend

B)to spending

C)of spending

D)spending [P14-70]It took him several months to ______ the wild horse.A)tendB)

cultivate

C)tame

D)breed 注：tend to 打算做某事

tend 照料

bar tender 調(diào)酒師 bargain 討價(jià)還價(jià)，便宜貨(some bargains)

bar 酒吧，棍子 embarrass 尷尬

ass 屁股，驢子，笨蛋

donkey 驢

barbarian 野蠻人

barren 貧瘠的assassin 暗殺者

[P14-69]A completely new situation will _______ when the examination system comes into existence.A)rise

B)arise

C)raise

D)arous 愛情三步曲II：

今天又是一個(gè)Friday，俺無事可做idleness，人也很lazy，班長(zhǎng)inform（通知）我，說今晚有個(gè)party，一想到晚會(huì)上會(huì)assemble（無數(shù)）lady，心里感到陣陣(burst)happy，今晚上帝對(duì)俺特別的mercy（仁慈），在墻角居然坐著個(gè)fairy（仙女），lonely（孤單的）的眼神，迷人的appearance（外表），給俺留下很深的impression（印象），俺決定把握住這次opportunity（機(jī)會(huì)），【Opportunity knocks only once.】

于是上前說：Hi, baby!她看也不看就說busy，眼神中透露出indifferently（冷漠），于是俺說：俺多少也算是個(gè)celebrity（名人），這一招果然effective（有效），她抬起眼看了看說really? 于是我擺了個(gè)pose說：你看我像不像Snoopy? 她說：切！那我就是lovely kitty。笑容也變得sunny（陽光的），就這樣我認(rèn)識(shí)了我的honey，這個(gè)故事聽起來像fantasy（幻想，白日夢(mèng)）一致關(guān)系： 結(jié)構(gòu)一致

平行并列結(jié)構(gòu)是由平行結(jié)構(gòu)的連接詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上對(duì)等的對(duì)象構(gòu)成的。SOFTEN 原則：Smile, Open，F(xiàn)orward，Touch，Eye contact，Nod平行結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)志詞 FANOYERMB：for, and, as well as, not...but, not only...but also, neither...nor, other than, yet, either...or, rather than, more than, but I have nothing to do but call the police.平行結(jié)構(gòu)的原則：形式對(duì)稱

[P5-50]I like watching TV _________ to the cinema.A)more than to go

B)than going

C)more than going

D)rather than to go [P5-51]I appreciate _________ to your home.A)to be invited

B)to have invited

C)having invited

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[P5-48]The match was cancelled because most of the members _________ a match without a standard court.A)objected to having B)were objected to haveC)objected to haveD)were objected to having [P8-47]Having no money but _______ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A)not to want anyoneB)not wanting anyoneC)wanted no oneD)to want no one [P8-46]Mr.Wilson said that he did not want to _______ any further responsibilities.A)take on

B)get on C)put up

D)look up 注：1.take on 承擔(dān)；流行

2.get on 上車

g et into 鉆進(jìn)車?yán)?/p>

3.put up 建立

[P8-41]Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ______ for her examination.A)to prepare B)to be prepared

C)preparing

D)being prepared [P9-48]We desire that the tour leader _______ us immediately of any change in plans.A)inform B)informs

C)informed

D)has informed [P9-55]In the course of a day students do far more than just _______ classes.A)attend B)attended C)to attend

D)attending [P9-53]Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _________ harm them.A)more than B)other than

C)rather than

D)better than 注：1.rather than 而不是2.more than 勝過

3.better than 比……好 [P23-54]Not that John doesn?t want to help you, _______ it?s beyond his power.A)but that

B)for that

C)and that

D)in that 注：1.考的是not...but...平行結(jié)構(gòu)。2.beyond 超越

beyond one's imagination 超乎想象 [P25-67]Realizing that he hadn?t enough money and _______ to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.A)not wanted

B)not to want

C)not wanting

D)wanting not 代詞指代一致：

one...another...one...the other...some...others...one...the others...any 任何（共性）

each 每個(gè)（個(gè)性）

[P19-44]No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _____.A)the other B)any other C)another rD)other 注：neither 兩者都不 P19-49] I have two boys but _______ of them likes sweets.A)both B)neither

C)either

D)none 注：common sense 常識(shí)

nonsense 胡說，謙虛地說

[P1-45____student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A)Each

B)Any

C)Either

D)One [P1-42]There were no tickets _________for Friday?s performance.A)preferable B)considerable

C)possible

D)available 注：1.preferable 更好的，更可取的具有比較意義的形容詞要求和 to 來搭配，如 superior, senior, junior, inferior, A is sencond only to B

2.considerable 相當(dāng)多的，大量的

[P15-31]The medicine is on sale everywhere.You can get it at ________ chemist?s.A)each

B)some C)any

D)certain [P15-34] Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, _________ the color of his skin.A)regardless of

B)in the light of

C)by virtue of

D)with the exception of

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注：1.in the light of 根據(jù)

2.by virtue of 借助，由于

3.with the exception of 除了，相當(dāng)于 other than [P31-39]All the students in this class passed the English exam _________ the exception of Li Ming.A)on

B)in

C)for

D)with P31-40]Young adults _________ older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.A)other than

B)more than

C)less than

D)rather than 注：rather than 而不是

[P4-41]We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let?s have ________ one this month.A)another

rB)more

C)the other

D)other [P4-68] A new technique ________, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A)working out B)having worked out C)having been worked outD)to have been worked out 注：非謂語動(dòng)詞題型，句首出現(xiàn)名詞為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。定語從句引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞

1.which 指物，who 指人，人物混用/前面有不定代詞/序數(shù)詞/最高級(jí)時(shí)用that。2.which 用在非限制定語從句（有逗號(hào)），如：

He always changed his mind, which makes me angry.3.as 也可以引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句。

as與which 的區(qū)別：

1)which只能用在句子中間和后邊，而as可用在句首和句尾。

As makes me angry, he always changed his mind.2)as 搭配：same as/ such as

the same watch as you have [P1-43]It wasn?t such a good dinner _______ she had promised us.A)that

B)which

C)as

D)what [P11-67]___ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.A)That

B)Which

C)As

D)It [P42-58]The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, _______ is often the case in other countries.A)as

B)what

C)so

D)that [P63-17]We had to sleep in our wet clothes, _____ was most uncomfortable.A)in which

B)which

C)where

D)that [P3-60]The goals _______ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A)after which

B)for which

C)with which

D)at which 注：1.fight for 為……而奮斗

2.fight with 與誰打架 [P3-56]The engine _______ smoke and steam.A)gives up

B)gives in

C)gives away

D)gives off 注：1.gives up 放棄

2.gives in 屈服

3.gives away 走漏風(fēng)聲，贈(zèng)送

4.gives off 釋放 [P3-57] The manager promised to keep me ________ of how our business was going on.A)to be informed

B)on informing

C)informed

D)informing [P42-62]We need a chairman _________.A)for whom everyone has confidence

B)in whom everyone has confidence C)who everyone has confidence of

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注：have confidence in 對(duì)……有信心 [P60-46] Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _______ obtaining fresh water is not the least.A)with which

B)for which

C)of which

D)which 注：

1.of which 其中

2.On the one hand, On the other hand, Last but not least（最重要的）

3.face something = be faced with

4.依照原句型造句：

Learning English has its problems, of which reciting words is not the least.Students will face a lot of problems, of which improving yourself is not the least [P64-24]This is a subject about _____ we might argue for a long while.A)that

B)it

C)which

D)what 注：作為介詞賓語用which不能用that，但in that 除外 介詞 + which + to do 其功能相當(dāng)于定語從句。The key with which to open the door has been lost.[P59-36] The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _______ his arguments in favour of the new theory.A)to be based on

B)to base on

C)which to base on

D)on which to base 注： fici-做

sufficient 足夠的 deficient 缺乏的 efficient 有效的（效率）

effect 有效（結(jié)果）proficient 熟練的 bene-好

beneficial 有益benediction 祝福

[P12-50]You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _________ to suspend your tent.A)there

B)them

C)where

D)which [P13-59] When a fire ________ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.A)broke off

B)broke down

C)broke out

D)broke up 注：1.break off 斷裂（部分從整體上下來）

2.break up 打碎

3.break out 爆發(fā) 主謂一致

從句/ 不定式/ 動(dòng)名詞做主語，謂語是單數(shù)。

Seeing is believing./ To see is to believe.眼見為實(shí)。You got 100 is a mystery to me.從句在句子中做什么功能即為什么從句。

1、主語從句：

（1）主語從句做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。

（2）主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：how, why, whether, that,what（引導(dǎo)的缺主語或缺賓語的從句）[P7-69]How close parents are to their children _________ a strong influence on the character of the children.A)have

B)has C)having

D)to have [P13-55] In some countries, _________ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.A)which B)one

C)that

D)what

2、定語從句主謂一致：取決于其先行詞（定語從句所修飾的名詞）

3、隨前一致：以前面的名詞為準(zhǔn)。

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A with B 取決于A

as well as

including

with

together with accompanied by

4、隨后一致：not A but B/ not only A but also B+ v.與B一致

5、就近原則：以靠近的名詞為準(zhǔn)。n1 or n2 +v.either n1 or n2 +v.6、A and B 結(jié)構(gòu)：

（1）A and B 指同一個(gè)東西，是單數(shù)。

a lawyer and teacher

law and order 法律法規(guī)

war and peace 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平

bread and butter 基本生活必須品

butterfly 蝴蝶

To love and to be loved 愛與被愛

2）A and B 所指不同，是復(fù)數(shù)。

a lawyer and a teacher

air and water

7、時(shí)間/距離/長(zhǎng)度/重量做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。

Time is money.時(shí)間就是金錢。

8、百分比結(jié)構(gòu)：取決于后面的名詞。

of+n.+v.（由of后的n.決定）

one+persent

majority

minority

9、many a +n./ more than one +n./ a n.or two/ every n1.and n2.謂語動(dòng)詞都是單數(shù)。

10、The+adj.表示一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The rich are always ridiculous.[P42-63]Over a third of the population was estimated to have no ________ to the health service.A)assessment

B)assignment

C)exception

D)access [P43-70]The course normally attracts 20 students per year, ________ up to half will be from overseas.A)in which

B)for whom

C)with which

D)of whom 百分比結(jié)構(gòu)取決于后面的名詞。

n1.of n2.取決于n1.（非百分比結(jié)構(gòu)）[P60-43] The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _______ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A)have allowed

B)allow

C)allowing

D)allows [P60-42] You _______ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.A)shouldn't follow

B)mustn't follow C)couldn't have been following

D)shouldn't have been following [P60-41]--“May I speak to your manager Mr.Williams at five o'clock tonight?”--“I'm sorry.M.Williams _______ to a conference long before then.” A)will have gone

B)had gone

C)would have gone

D)has gone [P60-44]Everybody _______ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.A)assembled

B)accumulated

C)piled

D)joined [P60-45]Putting in a new window will _______ cutting away part of the roof.A)include

B)involve

C)contain

D)comprise 注：involve doing 表示要求做

[P60-48]The manager would rather his daughter _______ in the same office.A)had not worked B)not to work

C)does not work

D)did not work [P54-41]She ought to stop work;she has a headache because she ______ too long.A)has been reading

B)had read

C)is reading

D)read [P54-42] Niagara Falls is a great tourist ______ drawing millions of visitors every year.聲明：本資料由聽力課堂網(wǎng)站收集整理，僅供英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用，資料版權(quán)屬于原作者。

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A)attention

B)attraction

C)appointment

D)arrangement [P54-43]I don't mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late.A)you to delay making B)your delaying makingC)your delaying to make

D)you delay to make [P54-44]The hopes goals, fears and desires _______ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.A)alter

B)shift

C)transfer

D)vary 注：1.alter 細(xì)微的改變

2.shift 本質(zhì)上的轉(zhuǎn)變，性質(zhì)上的轉(zhuǎn)變

3.transfer 轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)；調(diào)任工作

transform 改變

transport 運(yùn)輸

passport 護(hù)照 transplant 移植

transmit（疾病/廣播電視節(jié)目/文化/語言的）傳播 emit 釋放

omit 省略

4.vary 差異

vary between/ throughout/ from A to B [P43-41]A person?s calorie requirements vary ________ his life.A)across

B)throughout

C)over

D)within [P37-42]Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtaining water is not the least.A)for which

B)to which

C)of which

D)in which

[P37-43]Which sport has the most expenses ________ training equipment, players? personal equipment and uniforms? A)in place of

B)in terms of

C)by means of

D)by way of 注：in terms of 根據(jù)

[P30-29]Features such as height, weight, and skin color _________ from individual to individual and from face to face.A)change

B)vary

C)alter

D)convert 注：convert（宗教信仰的）改變

[P54-45]Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it ______ in Cuba.A)being cultivated

B)been cultivated C)having cultivated D)cultivating [P54-46]The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.A)having seated

B)seating

C)seated

D)having been seated 注：seat sb.給某人安排座位

[P55-47]This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ______ comfortably.A)is worn

B)wears C)wearing

D)are worn 注：感觀動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)

[P55-48]Some diseases are _____ by certain water animals.A)transplanted

B)transformed

C)transported

D)transmitted [P55-49]Wouldn't you rather your child _______ to bed early? A)go

B)went

C)would go

D)goes coincidence（時(shí)間；空間）巧合 意見的）一致 倒裝

1、承前否定，前面是否定后面也是否定意義。nor, neither

I cann't answer, nor can I.nor 是連詞，neither 既是連詞又是副詞 I cann't answer, but neither can I。

考試中neither和nor同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，通常考得是neither的副詞用法。

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[P3-59]She never laughed, _________ lose her temper.A)or she ever did

B)nor did she ever

C)or did she ever

D)nor she ever did 注: lost one's temper 發(fā)脾氣

[P35-39] The manager lost his _________ just because his secretary was ten minutes late.A)mood

B)temper

C)mind

D)passion 注: 1.in no mood to do 沒有心情做某事

2.mind doing 介意做某事 3.passion 熱情，激情 [P22-42]I could not persuade him to accept it, _________ make him see the importance of it.A)if only I could no tB)no more than I could C)or I could not D)nor could I [P27-33] The organization had broken no rules, but _________ had it acted responsibly.A)neither

B)so

C)either

D)both [P49-57]We don?t need air conditioning, _________.A)nor can we afford it B)and nor we can afford it C)neither can afford it D)and we can neither afford it注: afford 負(fù)擔(dān)，承擔(dān)

2、only 在于句首＋狀語/狀從，部分倒裝。Only at work did he feel happy.Only when you get 85 will I feel better.Only you can go with me to the west heaven.（加主語不倒裝）[P19-50]Only by shouting at the top of his voice _______.A)was he able to make himself hear B)he was able to make himself hear C)he was able to make himself heard

D)was he able to make himself heard 注: 1.forum 論壇2.summit 峰會(huì)3.convention 國際會(huì)議，傳統(tǒng)，風(fēng)俗4.conference 一般性的會(huì)議

5.seminar 研討會(huì)

[P16-43]Only under special circumstances ________ to take make-up tests.A)permitted are freshmen

B)freshmen are permitted C)are freshmen permitted

D)are permitted freshmen 注：make-up test 補(bǔ)考

make for 走向

make up for 補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)

3、否定副詞或具有否定意義的詞在句首，句子部分倒裝。little, no longer，not only...but also，rarely, not until，in no way，scarcely...when，hardly，no sooner...than 主句倒裝從句不倒裝。

[P6-62]No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _________ we all sat down to rest.A)when

B)then

C)than

D)until [P52-60] We have been told that under no circumstances _______ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.A)may we use

B)we may use

C)we could use D)did we use [P52-59]Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _______ in the marker.A)batteries

B)bargains C)baskets

D)barrels 注：1.batteries 電池

2.barrels 桶

4、as, though 表盡管時(shí)，句子部分倒裝。

Beautiful as she is she is stupid.[P35-40]Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _______ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.聲明：本資料由聽力課堂網(wǎng)站收集整理，僅供英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用，資料版權(quán)屬于原作者。

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A)are to challenge B)may be challenged

C)have been challenged D)are challenging

[P26-26]___ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.A)Being published

B)Published

C)Publishing

D)To be published P51-48]The house was very quiet, _______ as it was on the side of a mountain.A)isolated

B)isolating

C)being isolated

D)having been isolated 注：isolate 孤立

stimulate 刺激

prestige 名聲，聲望

ostrich 鴕鳥 同位語從句Mr.Huang, a CET-4 teacher, is a native to Dalian.主語同位語從句：

Evidence that Mr.Huang killed himself came out.1）主語必須是一個(gè)概括性名詞，如：evidence, news, believe, 想法，標(biāo)志等。2）同位語從句用來解釋說明名詞。

Evidence came out that Mr.Huang killed himself.同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：

I knew the news that he killed himself.（同位語從句）I knew the news that was written by you.（定語從句）

1）同位語從句是用來解釋前面的名詞，而定語從句是用來修飾、限制前面的名詞。2）同位語從句必須是特殊的概括性的名詞，而定語從句可以是任何名詞。3）同位語從句 that 起引導(dǎo)詞的作用（從句主謂賓完整），定語從句 that 起關(guān)系代詞的作用（從句不完整）。

[P59-37]There are signs _______ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A)that

B)which

C)in which

D)whose [P53-69]___ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.A)It being B)It is C)There is

D)There being 注：1.+ 名詞，選項(xiàng)中的 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)為首選。2.作表語是形容詞優(yōu)于名詞。It is evident that...3.evident 明顯的 dentist 牙醫(yī)

[P17-53]The mere fact _________ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.A)that B)which C)whatD)why [P7-63]Evidence came up _________ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A)what

B)which

C)that

D)whose 難題、短語

[P1-41]The bridge was named _______the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A)after B)with

C)by

D)from 注：1.be named after 以……命名

2.be named by 被……取名 [P1-46]All _______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A)what is needed B)for our needs

C)the thing needed

D)that is needed 注：all that = what [P3-61]I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _________ in a quiet neighbourhood.A)all in all B)above all C)after all D)over all 注：1.above all 首先2.all in all 總的來說3.after all 畢竟、終究4.over all 遍及 5.overall 制服；總的

[P5-44]There were some _________ flowers on the table.A)artificialB)unnaturalC)falseD)unreal 聲明：本資料由聽力課堂網(wǎng)站收集整理，僅供英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用，資料版權(quán)屬于原作者。

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注：1.artificial 人造的2.unnatural 不自然的

3.false 具有欺騙性的“假” false hair 假發(fā)false teeth 假牙 4.unreal 不真實(shí)的 [P5-47]Children are very curious _________.A)at heart B)in person

C)on purpose

D)by nature 注：1.by nature 天性

2.at heart 在心理上（強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)心世界）3.in person 親自的 4.on purpose 有目的的、故意的

[P7-67]What _________ would happen if the director knew you felt that way? A)do you suppose B)you suppose

C)will you suppose D)you would suppose 注：do you suppose 做插入語，過去時(shí)用did [P6-54]Important people don?t often have much free time as their work _________ all their time.A)takes away

B)takes over

C)takes up

D)takes in 注：1.take up 占用 2.take away 拿走

3.take over 接管

4.take in 理解；欺騙（口語）

I was simply taken in.[P9-56]The French pianist who had been praised very highly _________ to be a great disappointment.A)tuned up

B)turned in

C)turned out D)turned down 注：1.turn out to be 證明是，結(jié)果是2.turn up 出現(xiàn)3.turn in 上交

4.turn down 拒絕；把音量調(diào)小[P15-32]You cannot be _________ careful when you drive a car.A)very B)too C)so

D)enough 注：not too+adj 再……也不過分

聲明：本資料由聽力課堂網(wǎng)站收集整理，僅供英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用，資料版權(quán)屬于原作者。

第四篇：新東方考研英語寫作課堂筆記

考研寫作

Chapter 1

一、復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃

（一）考前復(fù)習(xí)

1、攻克詞匯（9月份之前Chapter5）

2、精研真題（94-09考研詞匯固定、詞組固定、句子結(jié)構(gòu)固定）

第一遍：做題前儲(chǔ)備詞匯量

第二遍：研究真題（英譯漢）

第三遍：背誦，考研閱讀，完形填空

3、模擬考試（1-5套）

（二）寫作練習(xí)

10-20篇，考前1個(gè)月，必須30寫完一篇，小作文：05年辭職信，06年請(qǐng)求信 大作文（8）：99年圖表，00-06年圖畫

（三）時(shí)間分配

重點(diǎn)：閱讀A節(jié)（40分）；寫作（20分）

2點(diǎn)到5點(diǎn)考英語，考試時(shí)間分配：（抓大放小）

1）14：00-14：15寫作A節(jié) 2）14：15-14：50寫作B節(jié) 3）14：50-16：00閱讀A節(jié) 4）16：00-16：20完形填空

5）16：20-16：40閱讀B節(jié)

6）16：40-17：00閱讀C節(jié)（翻譯句子）

二、學(xué)習(xí)方法

（一）提高實(shí)力（70）步驟：

第一步：十遍精讀。（真題，經(jīng)典范文）三大角度：

第一、語言（4遍）：

1精讀語言中的精彩詞匯（抄寫，造句）

2、牢記語言中的精彩詞組（抄寫、造句）

3、掌握語言中的精彩句型（抄寫、造句）

4、掌握語言中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。注意五點(diǎn)：

一、簡(jiǎn)單句

二、從句，小作文3-5，大作文5-7個(gè)

三、時(shí)態(tài)：

考研作文以現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，過去時(shí)：1)舉例論證2）圖表描述

將來時(shí)，第3段，最后一句話

四、冠詞（什么名詞前使用a、an、the）

五、主謂一致

第二、從結(jié)構(gòu)方面（4遍）

1、每段主題句，論證、小結(jié)，邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)

2、注意使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞：小3-5，大5-7

3、同義替換

4、代詞替換

第三、從內(nèi)容方面（2遍）：注意兩點(diǎn)：

一、精彩觀點(diǎn)

二、原因建議

（二）掌握技巧：背誦考研真題

（滾瓜爛熟 脫口而出 多多益善）

提示：

1、造句

2、熟悉：脫口而出

3、默寫、對(duì)照原文（常犯的錯(cuò)誤）

4、中譯英

5、寫作，模仿 總結(jié)框架三種方法：

一、從一篇范文總結(jié)

二、考研作文三段內(nèi)容分別來自不同范文 三、三段的每一句話都來自不同范文

Chapter 3

一、要求

二、大綱解讀

1、應(yīng)用文：

1）私人、公務(wù)信函（重點(diǎn)）business letter 2）備忘錄 memo memorandum 3）摘要 summary thesis abstract 摘要作文注意事項(xiàng)： 1）不要評(píng)論，不要照抄

2）不超過原文三分之一，可少不可多 4）報(bào)告 report :

1、調(diào)查報(bào)告

2、工作總結(jié) 考研英語寫作重點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備信函（公務(wù)60%）告示類：

2、大作文：

1）描寫文：圖畫描述、圖表描述。以空間順序展開（一般不會(huì)單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)97-06年七年圖畫，2年圖表）2）記敘文：以時(shí)間順序展開（一般不會(huì)單考01，04，舉例論證）3）說明文：表達(dá)或說明自己的觀點(diǎn) 4）議論文：論證或駁斥他人觀點(diǎn) 考研：4種文體一起考

3、語域：語言使用的范圍

包括 1）正式語言（為主）

2）非正式語言（避免使用）可以使用的文體：私人信函、私人告示、備忘錄

分為：（1）縮略形式

A． 縮寫：（避免）I’m，It’s，They’re，e.g（for exmple），i.e（that is），etc.（and so on）B． 省略：（公務(wù)信函避免，私人可用）（I am）Looking forward to your reply.（2）口語表達(dá)：by the way，as your know，well，hi，！（考研作文不要喊口號(hào)）

注：大作文、公務(wù)信函、報(bào)告、摘要、公共告示，應(yīng)使用正式語言。

私人信函、私人告示、備忘錄

4、文體：英文文體分三類：

1）正式文體：大作文、公務(wù)信函、報(bào)告、摘要、公共告示 2）半正式文體：私人信函、私人告示、備忘錄

三、06、00

四、閱卷揭秘

1、印象原則 書寫公正、卷面整潔、字跡清晰（4級(jí)3秒6級(jí)5秒，考研2分鐘）三眼：（1）第一眼：是否把答題紙寫滿，或接近寫滿，是否三段？?jī)深^小，中間大

（2）第二眼：每段第一句是否主題句？第三段點(diǎn)出圖畫寓意。第三段是否主題句？建議措施

（3）第三眼：掃描查看。（積累句型）

2、字?jǐn)?shù)原則 小作文100-120（一行10個(gè)字，10到12行）大作文160-200（16到20行）

3、句數(shù)原則

長(zhǎng)短結(jié)合，以短句為主 簡(jiǎn)潔就是美，不在于難詞，適當(dāng)

小作文：一般7-10句話，3長(zhǎng)4短

大作文：一般12句話，5長(zhǎng)7短（短句10個(gè)詞，長(zhǎng)15-20詞）

Chapter 4 語言第一位，結(jié)構(gòu)第二位，內(nèi)容第三位

一、語言的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

1、簡(jiǎn)介：寫想到的第二三個(gè)詞語，表達(dá)

廣泛的知識(shí)Extensive knowledge 猛烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)fierce competition

2、豐富多變（英文表達(dá)首選句型）

例：“我認(rèn)為” I hold the opinion that 其次詞組：I cling to the opinion that In my view，find out 再次詞匯

reckon

assume

assert 1）英文表達(dá)首選句型 “重要”：due(足夠的，充分的)attention has to be paid 考研英語要大量使用被動(dòng)語態(tài) Importance should be attached to 2）詞組

Be of utmost importance 3）詞匯

Vital

essential

crucial “越來越多的人”：people in mountain numbers 越來越Increasing student

二、結(jié)構(gòu)

關(guān)聯(lián)詞：小，3-5個(gè)，大，5-7個(gè)

邏輯分段&情感分段：英文寫作是邏輯分段 作者交代&讀者領(lǐng)會(huì)：英文寫作是作者交代 迂回模式&直線模式：英文寫作是直線模式 《天涯~明月~刀》古龍 天涯遠(yuǎn)不遠(yuǎn)？ 不遠(yuǎn)

人就在天涯，天涯怎么會(huì)遠(yuǎn)？

明月是什么顏色的？

是藍(lán)的，就像海一樣藍(lán)，一樣深，一樣憂郁 明月在哪里？ 就在他的心里 刀呢？

刀就在他的手里 那是柄什么樣的刀？

他的刀如天涯般遼闊寂寞，如明月般皎潔憂郁，有時(shí)一刀揮出，又放佛是空的 英文：邏輯分段，作者交代，直來直去 考研作文：舉例論證

一）結(jié)構(gòu)要求：?jiǎn)⒊修D(zhuǎn)合

1、啟：?jiǎn)?dòng)觀點(diǎn)，開篇點(diǎn)題

每段第一句，啟動(dòng)整個(gè)段落

2、乘：觀點(diǎn)承接，正面論證

正面論證：

1）分類（第二段，2-3點(diǎn)，第三段，2點(diǎn)）

First and foremost , to begin with In addition

furthermore 2）因果

最強(qiáng)：Because

in that Since

as For 注：in 3）舉例

For instance A case in point that 一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦邮?/p>

3、轉(zhuǎn)：觀點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)折，反面論證

基礎(chǔ)好的可以反面論證

但是

Unfortunately

yet

whereas

4、合：文章結(jié)尾，合并歸納

三個(gè)地方：1）末段首句

2）二段

“因此 ”Hence

，accordingly

in conclusion

三、內(nèi)容第三位

不要跑題

第五篇：新東方四級(jí)高頻詞匯

需要辨析的：

1.call off（取消、放棄）和 call up（召集、喚起）2.adapt to 和 adopt

3.arise 和 arouse 4.count on = rely on 5.cope with = deal with

6.no doubt 和 in doubt 7.employee 和 employer 8.general 和 generous

9.instant 和 constant 10.lie（及物）和 lay（不及物）11.regulate 和 regular

12.supply（有目的提供）和 offer（無目的提供）

語法：（分值小）

1． 虛擬語氣：

表示建議的幾個(gè)詞：wish, would rather, had rather;

it is time that + 過去式；

it is high time that + 過去式；

but for、lest、as if、as though、would、should、could、might +動(dòng)詞原型。

2． 非謂語動(dòng)詞：

最常考：不定式 表示主動(dòng)、將來，通常愛做后置定語；

其次考：分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成。通常做狀語。

再次考：動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)詞名詞化，做主語和賓語。

3． 時(shí)態(tài)：

按出題可能性大小依次為：將來完成時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

4． 語態(tài)：

肯定考被動(dòng)。

作文：（肯定是議論文、最有沖刺性）

什么樣的英雄是你心目中的英雄（有可能出）

適合才是找工作的關(guān)鍵（有可能出）

學(xué)校點(diǎn)名有沒有必要

談一下你對(duì)atm機(jī)的看法（有可能出）

防盜門窗有沒有用

你對(duì)打折的看法

演講稿的開頭致歡迎詞

獨(dú)生子女的利弊

你怎么看待電視購物，電子購物

網(wǎng)絡(luò)的利弊 －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－（最有可能！）

閱讀：

必考體裁：

1。美國文化生活實(shí)文

提示：1。friend,關(guān)于友誼；2。家庭，父母，養(yǎng)父母；3。“死亡”話題，安樂死；4。美國經(jīng)濟(jì)問題

2。教育學(xué)

提示：1。imitation(模仿)；2。中美教育差別；3。選專業(yè)，找工作

3。自然學(xué)科

提示：讀什么選什么。＊只要有 all 或only 的選項(xiàng)就排除。

出題原則：

1． 轉(zhuǎn)折原則：出現(xiàn)but、however肯定出題；

2． 原因原則：出現(xiàn)because、reason、witse（由于）、be due to（由于）肯定出題；

3． 比較原則：在讀文章時(shí)，遇到比較原則的特征詞做出標(biāo)記，以便定位；

題干當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)特征詞，回原文定位時(shí)，必須有相同或類似的說法出現(xiàn)；

要是選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了特征詞，如果要選，原文中必須有出處，但通常無出處，所以常排除。

特征詞：best、first、last、no、all、none、primally、best、always、never、main、more?than?.as?.as?.、only、sole、unique

4．例證原則：例子本身不重，所支持的觀點(diǎn)、論斷最重要。

做題技巧：

－－－－－－細(xì)節(jié)題：

1． 文章議論順序和出題順序一致；

2． 從題干中尋找典型的特征詞回原文中定位；

常用定位詞：時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，人名，特征名詞及其定語

3． 從選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中尋找一個(gè)與所定位內(nèi)容意思最接近的作為正確答案。

排除法：1。分清有無，2。分清強(qiáng)弱，3。分清主次，4。分清正反，5。分清寬窄，6。分清全偏。

＊ ＊＊選項(xiàng)中有以下幾個(gè)詞則排除：totally, compalatly, unlimitely.－－－－－－態(tài)度題：

永遠(yuǎn)不可能為答案的詞：indifferent（漠不關(guān)心的），subject（主觀的）

常選詞：

樂觀、贊揚(yáng)：positive（支持），accurate，optimistic（樂觀的）

中立： objective（客觀的）在自然科學(xué)文章中常作正確選項(xiàng)

neutral（中立的）在自然科學(xué)文章中常作正確選項(xiàng)

悲觀、批評(píng)：critical（批評(píng)的），negative，pessimistic（悲觀的）

出處：1。主題句，2。例證的傾向性，3，修飾語的感情色彩

－－－－－－topic題（1個(gè)）：

1． 文章的topic（議論對(duì)象、說明對(duì)象）必須存在于正確答案當(dāng)中；

在文章中尋找topic：從前不從后，從多不從少。

2． 排除：文章所談的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容和段落內(nèi)容永遠(yuǎn)不可能成為答案；

3． 主題句的出處：文章首句 或 首段末句 或 二段首句。

－－－－－－infer題（1—2個(gè)）：

1． 基本原則：從選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中尋找一個(gè)與原文意思最相近的作為正確答案；

2． 從選項(xiàng)下手，運(yùn)用排除法。

－－－－－－詞匯和指代合在一起（出一題）：

1． 指代：在文章中找到位置往前找，離它最近的名詞、詞組和句子；

2． 詞匯：從該詞附近的定語從句、同位語、同位語從句、逗號(hào)和破折號(hào)中間的插入語并列結(jié)構(gòu)

四級(jí)詞匯主要由：基礎(chǔ)詞匯＋四級(jí)高頻詞匯＋詞組

我將會(huì)在今后的一個(gè)月內(nèi)每天上傳四級(jí)的高頻詞匯。一天記30個(gè)詞匯，經(jīng)過一個(gè)月的突擊努力，將會(huì)使你的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)更加有的放矢，詞匯積累過程就會(huì)相應(yīng)縮短，少走彎路，避免無效的重復(fù)。1.alter v.改變，改動(dòng)，變更 2.burst vi.,n.突然發(fā)生，爆裂

3.dispose vi.除掉；處置；解決；處理(of)4.blast n.爆炸；氣流 vi.炸，炸掉 5.consume v.消耗，耗盡

6.split v.劈開；割裂；分裂 a.裂開的 7.spit v.吐（唾液等）；唾棄 8.spill v.溢出，濺出，倒出 9.slip v.滑動(dòng)，滑落；忽略

10.slide v.滑動(dòng)，滑落 n.滑動(dòng)；滑面；幻燈片

11.bacteria n.細(xì)菌

12.breed n.種，品種 v.繁殖，產(chǎn)仔 13.budget n.預(yù)算 v.編預(yù)算，作安排 14.candidate n.候選人 15.campus n.校園

16.liberal a.慷慨的；豐富的；自由的 17.transform v.轉(zhuǎn)變，變革；變換 18.transmit v.傳播，播送；傳遞 19.transplant v.移植

20.transport vt.運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送 n.運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)輸工具 21.shift v.轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)變 22.vary v.變化，改變；使多樣化 23.vanish vi.消滅，不見

24.swallow v.吞下，咽下 n.燕子 25.suspicion n.懷疑，疑心 26.suspicious a.懷疑的，可疑的

27.mild a.溫暖的，暖和的；溫柔的，味淡的 28.tender a.溫柔的；脆弱的

29.nuisance n.損害，妨害，討厭（的人或事物）30.insignificant a.無意義的，無足輕重的；無價(jià)值的 31.accelerate vt.加速，促進(jìn)

32.absolute a.絕對(duì)的，無條件的；完全的 33.boundary n.分界線，邊界

34.brake n.剎車，制動(dòng)器 v.剎住（車）35.catalog n.目錄（冊(cè)）v.編目 36.vague a.模糊的，不明確的 37.vain n.徒勞，白費(fèi) 38.extinct a.絕滅的，熄滅的

39.extraordinary a.不平常的，特別的，非凡的 40.extreme a.極度的，極端的 n.極端，過分 41.agent n.代理人，代理商；動(dòng)因，原因 42.alcohol n.含酒精的飲料，酒精 43.appeal n./vi.呼吁，懇求 44.appreciate vt.重視，賞識(shí)，欣賞 45.approve v.贊成，同意，批準(zhǔn) 46.stimulate vt.刺激，激勵(lì) 47.acquire vt.取得，獲得；學(xué)到 48.accomplish vt.完成，到達(dá)；實(shí)行

49.network n.網(wǎng)狀物；廣播網(wǎng)，電視網(wǎng)；網(wǎng)絡(luò) 50.tide n.潮汐；潮流 51.tidy a.整潔的，整齊的

52.trace vt.追蹤，找到 n.痕跡，蹤跡 53.torture n./vt.拷打，折磨 54.wander vi.漫游，閑逛

55.wax n.蠟 56.weave v.織，編

57.preserve v.保護(hù)，保存，保持，維持 61.abuse v.濫用，虐待；謾罵

62.academic a.學(xué)術(shù)的；高等院校的；研究院的 63.academy n.（高等）專科院校；學(xué)會(huì) 64.battery n.電池（組）65.barrier n.障礙；棚欄

66.cargo n.（船、飛機(jī)等裝載的）貨物 67.career n.生涯，職業(yè)

68.vessel n.船舶；容器，器皿；血管 69.vertical a.垂直的

70.oblige v.迫使，責(zé)成；使感激 71.obscure a.陰暗，模糊

72.extent n.程度，范圍，大小，限度 73.exterior n.外部，外表 a.外部的，外表的 74.external a.外部的，外表的，外面的 75.petrol n.汽油 76.petroleum n.石油

77.delay vt./n.推遲，延誤，耽擱 78.decay vi.腐爛，腐朽 79.decent a.像樣的，體面的 80.route n.路；路線；航線

81.ruin v.毀壞，破壞 n.毀滅，[pl.]廢墟 82.sake n.緣故，理由 83.satellite n.衛(wèi)星

84.scale n.大小，規(guī)模；等級(jí)；刻度 85.temple n.廟宇

86.tedious a.乏味道，單調(diào)的，87.tend vi.易于，趨向 88.tendency n.趨向，趨勢(shì)

89.ultimate a.極端的，最大的，最終的 n.極端 90.undergo v.經(jīng)歷，遭受

91.abundant a.豐富的，充裕的，大量的 92.adopt v.收養(yǎng)；采用；采納

93.adapt vi.適應(yīng)，適合；改編，改寫 vt.使適應(yīng) 94.bachelor n.學(xué)士，學(xué)士學(xué)位；單身漢 95.casual a.偶然的，碰巧的；臨時(shí)的；非正式的 96.trap n.陷阱，圈套 v.設(shè)陷阱捕捉 97.vacant a.空的，未占用的 98.vacuum n.真空，真空吸塵器 99.oral a.口頭的，口述的，口的 100.optics n.（單、復(fù)數(shù)同形）光學(xué) 101.organ n.器官，風(fēng)琴

102.excess n.過分，過量，過剩 103.expel v.驅(qū)逐，開除，趕出 104.expend v.消費(fèi)

105.expenditure n.支出，消費(fèi)；經(jīng)費(fèi) 106.expense n.開銷，費(fèi)用

107.expensive a.花錢多的；價(jià)格高貴的 108.expand v.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)張；展開，膨脹 109.expansion n.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)充；發(fā)展，膨脹 110.private a.私人的，個(gè)人的

111.individual a.個(gè)別的，單獨(dú)的 n.個(gè)人，個(gè)體 112.personal a.個(gè)人的，私人的；親自的 114.personnel n.[總稱]人員，員工；人事部門 115.the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 116.the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 117.the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 118.the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋 119.grant vt.授予，同意，準(zhǔn)予 119.grand a.宏偉大，壯麗的，重大的 120.invade v.侵入，侵略，侵襲

121.acid n.酸，酸性物質(zhì) a.酸的；尖刻的 122.acknowledge v.承認(rèn)；致謝 123.balcony n.陽臺(tái) 124.calculate vt.計(jì)算，核算 125.calendar n.日歷，月歷 126.optimistic a.樂觀

127.optional a.可以任選的，非強(qiáng)制的 128.outstanding a.杰出的，突出的，顯著的 129.export n.出口（物）v.出口，輸出 130.import n.進(jìn)口（物）v.進(jìn)口，輸入 131.impose vt.把...加強(qiáng)(on)；采用，利用 132.religion n.宗教，宗教信仰 133.religious a.宗教的 134.victim n.犧牲品，受害者

135.video n.電視，視頻 a.電視的，錄像的 136.videotape n.錄像磁帶 v.把...錄在錄像帶上 137.offend v.冒犯，觸犯 138.bother v.打攪，麻煩 139.interfere v.干涉，干擾，妨礙 140.internal a.內(nèi)部的，國內(nèi)的 141.beforehand ad.預(yù)先，事先 142.racial a.人種的種族的 143.radiation n.放射物，輻射 144.radical a.根本的；激進(jìn)的

145.range n.幅度，范圍 v.（在某范圍內(nèi)）變動(dòng)

146.wonder n.驚奇，奇跡 v.想知道，對(duì)...感到疑惑 147.isolate vt.使隔離，使孤立

148.issue n.問題，爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn)；發(fā)行，（報(bào)刊）一期 149.hollow a.空的，中空的，空虛道 150.hook n.鉤 vt.鉤住 151.adequate a.適當(dāng)?shù)兀蛔銐?/p>

152.adhere vi.粘附，附著；遵守，堅(jiān)持 153.ban vt.取締，禁止 154.capture vt.俘虜，捕獲

155.valid a.有效的，有根據(jù)的；正當(dāng)?shù)?156.valley n.山谷，峽谷

157.consistent a.堅(jiān)固定；一致的，始終如一的 158.continuous a.繼續(xù)的，連續(xù)（不斷）的 159.continual a.不斷地，頻繁的 160.explode v.爆炸；爆發(fā)；激增 161.exploit v.剝削；利用，開采 162.explore v.勘探

163.explosion n.爆炸；爆發(fā)；激增 164.explosive a.爆炸的；極易引起爭(zhēng)論的 165.remote a.遙遠(yuǎn)的，偏僻的 166.removal n.除去，消除 167.render vt.使得，致使

167.render 解釋比較長(zhǎng)，可要仔細(xì)體會(huì)啊！

1.render sth(for sth)；rendersth(to sb)give sth in return,or exchange,or as sth which is due 給予某物作為報(bào)償或用以交換；回報(bào)；歸還

render homage,obedience,allegiance,etc.表示敬意、順從、效忠等： a reward for services rendered 服務(wù)的酬金 render good for evil 以德報(bào)怨 render insult for insult 以侮辱對(duì)侮辱

render sb a service/render a service to sb 為某人服務(wù) render help to disaster victims 向?yàn)?zāi)民提供援助 render thanks to God 感謝上帝

2.present or send in(an account)for payment 遞交或開出（帳單）： account rendered $50 開出50美元的帳單

3.cause(sb/sth)to be in a certain condition 使（某人[某事物]）處于某種狀況： rendered helpless by an accident 因出事故而束手無策

Your action had rendered our contract invalid.你們的這種做法導(dǎo)致雙方的合同失敗。

4.[esp passive 尤用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)] give a performance of(music,a play,a character.etc);give a portrayal of(sb/sth)in painting,etc.演奏（音樂）；演出（戲劇）；扮演（角色）；以繪畫等表現(xiàn)（某人[某物]）： The piano solo was well rendered.那支鋼琴獨(dú)奏曲彈得真好。'Othello' was rendered rather poorly.《奧賽羅》這出戲演得不好。

The artist had rendered her gentle smile perfectly.該藝術(shù)家把她那溫柔的笑容表現(xiàn)得惟妙惟肖。5.render sth(into sth)express sth in another language;translate sth.翻譯某事物： How would you render 'bon voyage'(into English)? 'bon voyage'怎么翻譯（成英語）？

Rendering poetry into other language is difficult.翻譯詩歌是很困難的。

6.cover(stone or brick)with a first layer of plaster 在（石或磚）上抹灰泥打底： render walls 在墻上抹底灰

7.（習(xí)語）render an zccount of oneself,one's behaviour,etc explain or justify what one has said,done,etc.為自己的言行等作解釋或辯護(hù).8.render sth down： make(eg fat,lard)liquid by heating it;melt sth down 將（脂肪、豬油等）熬成油；熔化某物。render sth up：hand over or surrender sth;yield sth.移交或交出某物；放棄某事物： render up a fort,town,etc to the enemy 放棄要塞、城市等被敵人占領(lǐng)(fig比喻)He rendered up his soul to God,ie died.他魂歸天國了 168.precaution n.預(yù)防，防備，警惕 169.idle a.懶散的，無所事事的 170.identify vt.認(rèn)出，鑒定 171.identify n.身份；個(gè)性，特性 172.poverty n.貧窮

173.resistant a.(to)抵抗的，抗...的，耐...的 174.resolve vt.解決；決定，決意 175.barrel n.桶

176.bargain n.便宜貨 vi.討價(jià)還價(jià) 177.coarse a.粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的 178.coach n.教練；長(zhǎng)途公共汽車 179.code n.準(zhǔn)則，法規(guī)，密碼 180.coil n.線圈 v.卷，盤繞

181.adult n.成年人 182.advertise v.為...做廣告 183.advertisement n.廣告 184.agency n.代理商，經(jīng)銷商

185.focus v.（使）聚集 n.焦點(diǎn)，中心，聚焦 186.forbid vt.不許，禁止 187.debate n./v.辯論，爭(zhēng)論 188.debt n.欠債 189.decade n.十年

190.enclose vt.圍住；把...裝入信封 191.encounter vt./n.遭遇，遭到 192.globe n.地球，世界；地球儀 193.global a.全球的；總的 194.scan vt.細(xì)看；掃描；瀏覽 195.scandal n.丑事，丑聞 196.significance n.意義；重要性 197.subsequent a.隨后的，后來的 198.virtue n.美德，優(yōu)點(diǎn)

199.virtual a.實(shí)際上的，事實(shí)上的

200.orient vt.使適應(yīng)，(to,toward)使朝向 n.東方 201.portion n.一部分

202.target n.目標(biāo)，靶子 vt.瞄準(zhǔn)

203.portable a.手提式的 204.decline v.拒絕，謝絕；下降 205.illusion n.錯(cuò)覺

206.likelihood n.可能，可能性 207.stripe n.條紋

208.emphasize vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重 209.emotion n.情感，感情

210.emotional a.感情的，情緒（上）的211.awful a.極壞的，威嚴(yán)的，可怕的 212.awkward a.笨拙的，棘手的 213.clue n.線索，提示 214.collision n.碰撞，沖突 215.device n.裝置，設(shè)備 216.devise vt.發(fā)明，策劃，想出 217.inevitable a.不可避免的 218.naval a.海軍的 219.navigation n.航行

220.necessity n.必需品；必要性 221.previous a.先，前，以前的

222.provision n.[pl.]給養(yǎng)，口糧；準(zhǔn)備，設(shè)備，裝置 223.pursue vt.追逐；追求；從事，進(jìn)行 224.stale a.不新鮮的，陳腐的 225.substitute n.代用品 vt.代替 226.deserve vt.應(yīng)受，應(yīng)得，值得 227.discrimination n.歧視；辨別力 228.professional a.職業(yè)的，專門的 229.secure a.安全的，可靠的 230.security n.安全，保障 231.scratch v./n.抓，搔，扒 232.talent n.才能，天資；人才 233.insurance n.保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi) 234.insure vt.給...保險(xiǎn)，保證，確保 235.nevertheless ad.仍然，然而，不過 236.neutral a.中立的，中性的

237.spot n.地點(diǎn)；斑點(diǎn) vt.認(rèn)出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；玷污 238.spray v.噴，（使）濺散

239.medium a.中等的，適中的 n.媒介物，新聞媒介 240.media n.新聞傳媒 241.auxiliary a.輔助的，備用的 242.automatic a.自動(dòng)的 243.compete vi.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽

244.competent a.有能力的，能勝任的 245.competition n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，比賽 246.distribute vt.分發(fā)

247.disturb vt.打攪，妨礙 248.infer v.推論，推斷

249.integrate v.(into,with)（使）成為一體，（使）合并 250.moist a.潮濕 251.moisture n.潮濕 252.promote vt.促進(jìn)；提升 253.region n.地區(qū)；范圍；幅度 254.register v./n.登記，注冊(cè) 255.stable a.穩(wěn)定的

256.sophisticated a.老于世故的，老練的；很復(fù)雜的 257.splendid a.極好的，壯麗的，輝煌的 258.cancel vt.取消，廢除 259.variable a.易變的，可變的 260.prospect n.前景，前途；景象 261.prosperity n.興旺，繁榮 262.aspect n.方面；朝向；面貌 263.cope vi.(with)（成功地）應(yīng)付，處理 264.core n.果心，核心

265.maintain vt.維持，保持；堅(jiān)持，主張 266.mainland n.大陸

267.discipline n.紀(jì)律；懲罰；學(xué)科

268.domestic a.本國的，國內(nèi)的；家用的；家庭的 269.constant a.不變的，恒定的 n.常數(shù)

270.cliff n.懸崖，峭壁

271.authority n.權(quán)威；當(dāng)局 272.audio a.聽覺 273.attitude n.態(tài)度

274.community n.社區(qū)，社會(huì)

275.commit vt.犯（錯(cuò)誤，罪行等），干（壞事等）276.comment n./vt.評(píng)論 277.distinguish vt.區(qū)分，辨別 278.distress n.痛苦，悲傷 vt.使痛苦 279.facility n.[pl.] 設(shè)備，設(shè)施；便利，方便

280.faculty n.能力，技能；系，學(xué)科，學(xué)院；全體教員 281.mixture n.混合，混合物 282.mood n.心情，情緒；語氣 283.moral a.道德上的，有道德的 284.prominent a.突出的 285.substance n.物質(zhì)；實(shí)質(zhì)

286.substantial a.可觀的；牢固的；實(shí)質(zhì)的 287.prompt vt.促使 a.敏捷的，及時(shí)的 288.vivid a.生動(dòng)的

289.vocabulary n.詞匯（量）；詞匯表

290.venture n.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目 v.冒險(xiǎn)；取于

291.version n.版本，譯本；說法 292.waist n.腰，腰部 293.weld v./n.焊接 294.yawn vi.打哈欠

295.yield vi.(to)屈服于；讓出，放棄 n.產(chǎn)量 296.zone n.地區(qū)，區(qū)域 297.strategy n.戰(zhàn)略，策略

298.strategic a.戰(zhàn)略（上）的，關(guān)鍵的 299.tense a.緊張的 v.拉緊 n.時(shí)態(tài) 300.tension n.緊張（狀態(tài)），張力

301.avenue n.林蔭道，大街

302.available a.現(xiàn)成可用的；可得到的 303.comparable a.(with,to)可比較的，類似的 304.comparative a.比較的，相對(duì)的 305.dash vi.猛沖，飛奔 306.data n.數(shù)據(jù)，資料 307.dive vi.跳水，潛水

308.diverse a.不同的，多種多樣的 309.entitle vt.給...權(quán)利，給...資格 310.regulate vt.管理，調(diào)節(jié)

311.release vt./n.釋放，排放；解釋解脫 312.exaggerate v.夸大，夸張 313.evil a.邪惡的，壞的 314.shrink vi.起皺，收縮；退縮 315.subtract v.減（去）316.suburb n.市郊 317.subway n.地鐵

318.survey n./vt.調(diào)查，勘測(cè) 319.wealthy a.富裕的 320.adjust v.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié) 321.attach vt.系，貼；使附屬

322.profit n.利潤(rùn)，益處；v.有益于，有利于 323.profitable a.有利可圖的 324.slope n.斜坡，斜面 325.reinforce vt.增強(qiáng)，加強(qiáng) 326.reject vt.拒絕

327.fatal a.致命的；重大的 328.fate n.命運(yùn)

329.humble a.謙遜的；謙虛的 330.illegal a.不合法的，非法的331.award vt.授予，判給 n.獎(jiǎng)品，獎(jiǎng)金 332.aware a.意識(shí)到

333.column n.柱，圓柱；欄，專欄 334.comedy n.喜劇

335.dumb a.啞的；沉默的 336.dump vt.傾卸，傾倒 337.deaf a.聾的；不愿聽的 338.decorate vt.裝飾，裝璜

339.principal a.最重要的 n.負(fù)責(zé)人，校長(zhǎng) 340.principle n.原則，原理 341.prior a.優(yōu)先的，在前的 342.priority n.優(yōu)先，重點(diǎn) 343.prohibit vt.禁止，不準(zhǔn)

344.remarkable a.值得注意的，異常的，非凡的 345.remedy n./vt.補(bǔ)救，醫(yī)治，治療 346.repetition n.重復(fù)，反復(fù) 347.vain a.徒勞的，無效的

348.undertake vt.承擔(dān)，著手做；同意，答應(yīng) 349.unique a.唯一的，獨(dú)特的 350.obstacle n.障礙（物），妨礙 351.odd a.奇特的，古怪的；奇數(shù)的 352.omit vt.省略

353.opponent n.敵手，對(duì)手 354.opportunity n.機(jī)會(huì)，時(shí)機(jī) 355.orchestra n.管弦樂隊(duì) 356.semester n.學(xué)期；半年 357.semiconductor n.半導(dǎo)體 358.seminar n.研討會(huì)

359.terminal a.末端的，極限的 n.終點(diǎn) 360.territory n.領(lǐng)土

361.approximate a.大概的，大約 v.近似 362.arbitrary a.隨意的，未斷的 363.architect n.建筑師 364.architecture n.建筑學(xué) 365.biology n.生物學(xué) 366.geography n.地理（學(xué)）367.geology n.地質(zhì)學(xué) 368.geometry n.幾何（學(xué)）369.arichmetic n.算術(shù) 370.algebra n.代數(shù)

371.entertainment n.娛樂；招待，款待 372.enthusiasm n.熱情，熱心

373.entry n.進(jìn)入，入口處；參賽的人（或物）374.enviroment n.環(huán)境 375.episode n.插曲，片段 376.equation n.方程（式）377.restrain vt.阻止，抑制 378.restraint n.抑制，限制

379.resume v.（中斷后）重新開始 380.severe a.嚴(yán)重的 381.sexual a.性的

382.simplicity n.簡(jiǎn)單；樸素 383.simplify vt.簡(jiǎn)化 384.sorrow n.悲哀，悲痛

385.stuff n.原料，材料 vt.填進(jìn)，塞滿 386.temporary a.暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的 387.temptation n.誘惑，引誘 388.terror n.恐怖 389.thrust v.擠，推，插 390.treaty n.條約，協(xié)定

391.arise vi.產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生；起身 392.arouse vt.引起，激起；喚醒 393.burden n.重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)荷 394.bureau n.局，辦事處

395.marveous a.奇跡般的，驚人的 396.massive a.大的，大量的，大塊的 397.mature a.成熟的

398.maximum a.最高的，最大的 399.minimum a.最低的，最小的 400.nonsense n.胡說，冒失的行動(dòng) 401.nuclear a.核子的，核能的 402.nucleus n.核 403.retail n./v./ad.零售 404.retain vt.保留，保持 405.restrict vt.限制，約束

406.sponsor n.發(fā)起者，主辦者 vt.發(fā)起，主辦，資助 407.spur n./vt.刺激，激勵(lì) 408.triumph n.勝利，成功 409.tuition n.學(xué)費(fèi)

410.twist vt.使纏繞；轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；扭歪 411.undergraduate n.大學(xué)肄業(yè)生 412.universal a.普遍的，通用的；宇宙的 413.universe n.宇宙

414.via prep.經(jīng)由，經(jīng)過，通過 415.vibrate v.振動(dòng)，搖擺 416.virus n.病毒 417.voluntary a.自愿的

418.volunteer n.志愿者 v.自愿（做）419.vote v.選舉 n.選票

420.wagon n.四輪馬車，鐵路貨車

421.appoint vt.任命，委派

422.approach v.靠近，接近n.途徑，方式

423.appropriate a.適當(dāng)?shù)?424.bunch n.群，伙；束，串

425.bundle n.捆，包，束 vt.收集，歸攏 426.ceremony n.典禮，儀式 427.chaos n.混亂，紊亂 428.discount n.（價(jià)格）折扣 429.display n./vt.陳列，展覽 430.equivalent a.相等的 a.相等物 431.erect a.豎直的 v.建造，豎立 432.fax n./vt.傳真

433.ferfile a.肥沃的；多產(chǎn)的 434.fertilizer n.肥料 435.grateful a.感激的 436.gratitude n.感激 437.horror n.恐怖 438.horrible a.可怕的

439.Internet n.國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因特網(wǎng) 440.interpret v.翻譯，解釋 441.interpretation n.解釋，說明 442.jungle n.叢林，密林 443.knot n.結(jié) vt.把...打成結(jié) 444.leak v.漏，滲出 445.lean vi.傾斜，倚，靠 446.leap vi.跳躍 447.modify vt.修改 448.nylon n.尼龍 449.onion n.洋蔥 450.powder n.粉末

451.applicable a.可應(yīng)用的，適當(dāng)?shù)?452.applicant n.申請(qǐng)人 453.breadth n.寬度

454.conservation n.保存，保護(hù) 455.conservative a.保守的

456.parallel n.平行線；可相比擬的事物 457.passion n.激情，熱情 458.passive a.被動(dòng)的，消極的 459.pat v./n.輕拍，輕打 460.peak n.山峰，頂點(diǎn) 461.phenomenon n.現(xiàn)象

462.reluctant a.不情愿的，勉強(qiáng)的 463.rely vi.(on ,upon)依賴，指望 464.relevant a.有關(guān)的，切題的 465.reliable a.可靠的

466.relief n.輕松，寬慰；減輕

467.reputation n.名氣，聲譽(yù) 468.rescue vt./n.營(yíng)救 469.triangle n.三角（形）470.sequence n.連續(xù)；順序 471.shallow a.淺的 472.shiver vi/n.發(fā)抖 473.shrug v./n.聳肩 474.signature n.簽名

475.sincere a.誠摯的，真誠的 476.utilify n.功用，效用 477.utilise vt.利用

478.utter vt.說出 a.完全的，徹底的 479.variation n.變化，變動(dòng) 480.vehicle n.交通工具，車輛

481.applause n.鼓掌，掌聲 482.appliance n.器具，器械

483.consent n.準(zhǔn)許，同意 vi(to)準(zhǔn)許，同意 484.conquer vt.征服 485.defect n.缺點(diǎn)，缺陷

486.delicate a.易碎的；嬌弱的；精美的 487.evolve v.演變

488.evolution n.演變，進(jìn)化 489.frown v./n.皺眉 490.frustrate vt.使沮喪 491.guarantee vt./n.保證 492.guilty a.內(nèi)疚的；有罪的 493.jealous a.妒忌的 494.jeans n.牛仔褲 495.liquor n.酒，烈性酒 496.liter/litre n.升 497.modest a.謙虛道 498.molecule n.分子

499.orbit n.軌道 v.（繞...）作軌道運(yùn)行 500.participate v.(in)參與，參加 501.particle n.微粒

502.particularly ad.特別，尤其 503.respond vi.回答，答復(fù)；反應(yīng) 504.response n.回答，答復(fù)；反應(yīng) 505.sensible a.明智的

506.sensitive a.敏感到，靈敏的 507.tremble vi.顫抖

508.tremendous a.巨大的；精彩的 509.trend n.趨向，傾向 510.trial n.審訊；試驗(yàn)

511.apparent a.顯然的，明白的 512.appetite n.胃口；欲望

513.deposit n.存款，定金 v.存放，儲(chǔ)蓄 514.deputy n.副職，代表

515.derive vt.取得，得到；(from)起源于 516.descend v.下來，下降 517.missile n.導(dǎo)彈

518.mission n.使命；代表團(tuán) 519.mist n.薄霧

520.noticeable a.顯而易見到 521.notify vt.通知，告知 522.notion n.概念；意圖，想法 523.resemble vt.像，類似于 524.reveal vt.揭露

525.revenue n.收入，歲入；稅收 526.shelter n.掩蔽處；住所

527.shield n.防護(hù)物，盾 vt.保護(hù)，防護(hù) 528.vital a.重要的；致命的，生命的 529.vitally ad.極度，非常；致命地 530.urban a.城市的 531.urge vt.鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì) 532.urgent a.急迫的，緊急得 533.usage n.使用，用法 534.violence n.強(qiáng)力，暴力 535.violent a.強(qiáng)暴的 536.violet a.紫色的 537.weed n.雜草，野草 538.welfare n.福利

539.whatsoever ad.（用于否定句）任何 540.whereas conj.然而，但是，盡管 541.essential a.必不可少的；本質(zhì)的 542.estimate n./vt.估計(jì)，估量 543.evaluate vt.評(píng)估，評(píng)價(jià) 544.exceed vt.超過，越出 545.exceedingly ad.非常，極其 546.exclaim v.呼喊，大聲說

547.exclude vt.把...排斥在外，不包括 548.exclusive a.讀有的，排他的 549.excursion n.遠(yuǎn)足 550.flash vi.閃光，閃耀 551.flee vi.逃走 552.flexible a.易彎曲的

553.flock n.羊群，（鳥獸等）一群；一伙人 554.hardware n.五金器具

555.harmony n.和諧，融洽 556.haste n.急速，急忙 557.hatred n.憎惡，憎恨 558.incident n.事件，事變 559.index n.索引，標(biāo)志 560.infant n.嬰兒 561.infect v.傳染

562.inferior a.劣等的，次的，下級(jí)的 563.infinite a.無限的 564.ingredient n.組成部分 565.inhabitant n.居民 566.jail n.監(jiān)獄

567.jam n.果醬；擁擠，堵塞 568.jewel n.寶石

569.joint a.連接的；共同的 570.junior a.年少的；資歷較淺的571.laser n.激光

572.launch vt.發(fā)動(dòng)，發(fā)起 573.luxury n.奢侈；奢侈品 574.magnet n.磁鐵，磁體 575.male a.男性的，雄的 576.female a.女性的，雌的

577.manual a.用手的，手工做的 n.手冊(cè) 578.manufacture vt./n.制造，加工 579.marine a.海的；海產(chǎn)的 580.mutual a.相互的 581.naked a.裸露的

582.negative a.否定的，消極的 583.neglect vt.忽視，忽略 584.origin n.起源，出身 585.oval a.橢圓形的 n.橢圓形 586.outset n.開始，開端 587.presumably ad.大概，可能 588.prevail vi.流行，盛行 589.quit v.停止

590.quotation n.引文，引語 591.recreation n.娛樂活動(dòng)

592.recruit vt.招募，吸收（新成員）593.rival n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，敵手 594.shuttle n.梭子；航天飛機(jī) 595.skim vt.搬（去），掠過；瀏覽 596.sketch n.草圖；梗概 597.slender a.苗條的，修長(zhǎng)的 598.theme n.主題

599.textile n.紡織品

600.tropical a.熱帶的，炎熱的 601.kneel vi.跪 602.label n.標(biāo)簽 603.merchant n.商人

604.mere a.僅僅的，只不過的；純粹的 605.nuisance n.令人討厭的東西（或人）606.numerrous a.眾多的，許多的 607.parade n.游行 v.列隊(duì)行進(jìn) 608.pants[pl.] n.長(zhǎng)褲；內(nèi)褲 609.partial a.部分的 610.passport n.護(hù)照

611.prescribe vt.開藥，吩咐采用...療法 612.primitive a.原始的，早期的 613.ridge n.脊，山脊，埂 614.ridiculous a.可笑的，荒漠的 615.ridid a.嚴(yán)格的；僵硬的 616.withstand vt.經(jīng)受，承受

617.witness n.目擊者；證據(jù) vt.注意到；證明 618.withdraw v.收回，撤銷 619.slippery a.滑的 620.smash vt.粉碎，打爛 621.snap n./vt.折斷，拉斷；快照 622.software n.軟件 623.solar a.太陽的 624.lynar a.月的，月球的 625.submerge vi.潛入水中 626.submit vi.(to)屈服，聽從 627.timber n.木材，原木 628.tissue n.組織；薄紗，手巾紙 629.title n.題目，標(biāo)題

630.tone n.語氣，音調(diào)631.drift vi.漂，漂流 632.drip n.滴

633.durable a.耐用的，持久的 634.duration n.持續(xù)，持續(xù)期間 635.dusk n.黃昏，薄暮 636.leather n.皮革

637.legislation n.法律，法規(guī)；立法 638.leisure n.閑暇；悠閑 639.loose a.松的，寬松的 640.loosen v.解開，放松 641.tarnest a.認(rèn)真的，誠摯的 642.earthquake n.地震 643.echo n.回音，回聲

644.elaborate a.精心設(shè)計(jì)的，復(fù)雜的 645.elastic n.橡皮圈（帶）a.有彈性的 646.elbow n.肘 647.electron n.電子 648.volcano n.火山

649.volume n.卷，冊(cè)；體積，容量 650.fatigue n.疲勞，勞累 651.faulty a.有錯(cuò)誤的，有缺點(diǎn)的 652.favorable a.稱贊道；有利的，順利的 653.favorite a.特別受喜歡的 n.喜愛的人或物 654.gallery n.畫廊 655.gallon n.加侖 656.gap n.間隔，差距 657.garbage n.垃圾，廢物 658.gaze v.凝視，注視 659.gear n.齒輪，傳動(dòng)裝置

660.gene n.基因661.lest conj.唯恐，免得 662.liable a.可能的，大概的；(to)易于...的 663.liberal a.自由得 664.liberty n.自由

665.licence/license n.許可證，執(zhí)照 666.moisture n.潮濕

667.motivate vt.激勵(lì)，激發(fā) 668.motive n.動(dòng)機(jī)，目的

669.generate vt.生成，產(chǎn)生（光、熱、電等）670.genius n.天才，天賦 671.genuine a.真的，真誠的 672.gasoline n.汽油 673.germ n.微生物，細(xì)菌 674.gesture n.姿勢(shì)，手勢(shì) 675.giant a.巨大的 n.巨人，巨物 676.glimpse n.一瞥，一看 677.glory n.光榮，榮譽(yù) 678.glorious n.光榮的，極好的 679.golf n.高爾夫球運(yùn)動(dòng) 680.hydrogen n.氫 681.oxygen n.氧

682.hostile a.敵對(duì)的，敵意大 683.household n.家庭，戶 684.hook n.鉤

685.holy a.神圣地，圣潔的 686.hint n.暗示，示意 687.hestiate v.猶豫 688.highlight vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，突出

689.hence ad.因此，所以；今后，從此 690.herd n.獸群，牧群