第一篇：民事判決書翻譯

上海法院知識產(chǎn)權(quán)裁判文書精選

民事判決書范本中英文對照

中華人民共和國吉林省高級人民法院民事判決書

（2003）吉民三終字第20號

上訴人（原審被告）：諸暨市飛達(dá)實(shí)業(yè)有限公司（原浙江省諸暨市飛達(dá)實(shí)業(yè)公司）。住所：浙江省諸暨市城關(guān)鎮(zhèn)浣東北路60號。

法定代表人：宗光培，該公司總經(jīng)理。

委托代理人：田大原，吉林衡豐律師事務(wù)所律師。

被上訴人（原審原告）：琿春江南實(shí)業(yè)有限公司清算小組。住所：琿春市。

代表人：金龍華，該清算小組組長。

被上訴人（原審原告）：韓國KOMARA農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社。住所：韓國釜山廣城市蓮提區(qū)蓮山千洞586－15.法定代表人：姜大建，該社社長。

委托代理人：王文君，吉林由正律師事務(wù)所律師。

上訴人諸暨市飛達(dá)實(shí)業(yè)有限公司（以下簡稱飛達(dá)公司）與被上訴人琿春江南實(shí)業(yè)有限公司清算小組（以下簡稱清算組）、韓國KOMARA農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社（以下簡稱農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社）購銷手套機(jī)合同糾紛一案，不服中華人民共和國吉林省延邊朝鮮族自治州中級人民法院（2000）延州經(jīng)初字第63號民事判決，向本院提起上訴。本院受理后，依法組成合議庭，公開開庭進(jìn)行了審理。上訴人飛達(dá)公司委托代理人田大原，被上訴人清算組代表人金龍華，農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社委托代理人王文君到庭參加訴訟。本案現(xiàn)已審理終結(jié)。

原審法院查明：

（一）1999年7月5日，琿春江南實(shí)業(yè)有限公司（以下簡稱江南公司）因未參加年檢被琿春市工商行政管理局吊銷營業(yè)執(zhí)照，并被告知企業(yè)的債權(quán)債務(wù)由企業(yè)自行處理。琿春市邊境經(jīng)濟(jì)合作區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展局于2001年6月1日下發(fā)琿經(jīng)發(fā)（2001）53號文件，決定江南公司成立清算小組。琿春市公安局治安科出具證明：證明清算組的公章已依法備案。江南公司原法定代表人姜南春于2000年6月8日出具書面說明：

1、江南公司由其提議并同意成立清算小組，其委托宋明男為清算小組組長，金龍華任副組長，呂相基、李順子、金昌浩為成員；

2、其同意由金龍華負(fù)責(zé)清算工作及一切法律實(shí)施事宜。因此，清算組成立的程序合法，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)江南公司的債權(quán)債務(wù)清理工作，具有作為訴訟原告的主體資格。

（二）1998年5月6日，江南公司、農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社共同作為乙方與作為甲方的飛達(dá)公司簽訂了全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同。合同約定：甲方向乙方訂購日產(chǎn)“松國”牌或“刀金”牌F7型－F10型全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)680臺（具體供應(yīng)計(jì)劃憑韓方傳真件為準(zhǔn)）；交貨時(shí)間從1998年5月8日起至1999年1月8日止；價(jià)格按FOB圖們火車站交貨價(jià)每臺17，000元人民幣；交貨地點(diǎn)為圖們火車站；付款方式機(jī)器運(yùn)抵圖們火車站后付清全部貨款；運(yùn)輸方法及費(fèi)用負(fù)擔(dān)，鐵路運(yùn)費(fèi)由甲方負(fù)擔(dān)；違約責(zé)任，如單方違約，違約方必須向?qū)Ψ劫r償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為未執(zhí)行部分合同總額的20％的違約金。該合同由甲方飛達(dá)公司加蓋單位公章，法定代表人宗光培簽名，乙方江南公司代理人金龍華簽名，農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社加蓋單位公章、代表人姜大建簽名。合同簽訂后，原告方按約定給被告發(fā)運(yùn)了價(jià)值為793，573元的全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)及部分配件。飛達(dá)公司陸續(xù)給付了原告手套機(jī)款471，266元，現(xiàn)尚欠原告方手套機(jī)款322，307元未付。琿春海關(guān)進(jìn)口關(guān)稅專用繳款書及琿春邊境貿(mào)易公司代理進(jìn)口證明能夠證明：1998年8月10日，由琿春邊境貿(mào)易公司代江南公司從韓國進(jìn)口57臺手套編織機(jī)，江南公司于1998年8月12日向琿春邊境貿(mào)易公司交納了7，700元的進(jìn)口手套機(jī)的代理費(fèi)、辦證費(fèi)、商檢費(fèi)、口岸費(fèi)等。在合同履行期間，飛達(dá)公司的法定代表人宗光培與江南公司的委托代理人金龍華的多次往來信件證明，按照上述購銷合同，雙方已實(shí)際履行。故由二原告與被告簽訂的此全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同系雙方當(dāng)事人真實(shí)意思表示，該合同為有效合同。另外，為履行合同，江南公司為飛達(dá)公司發(fā)運(yùn)手套編織機(jī)已墊付運(yùn)費(fèi)4，841.32元。

（三）1998年12月18日，飛達(dá)公司作為甲方與作為乙方的江南公司簽訂和解協(xié)議。協(xié)議稱：茲有甲方于97年7月24日向乙方購買乙方合資企業(yè)使用全套織襪機(jī)設(shè)備，98年5月6日簽訂購買乙方與韓國釜山KOMARA農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社合資經(jīng)營的進(jìn)口韓產(chǎn)全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)，兩份合同在履行期間，由于種種原因，使合同不能按約履行，雙方在有關(guān)問題上出現(xiàn)意見分岐，導(dǎo)致乙方向吉林省延邊州中級人民法院提起訴訟。現(xiàn)經(jīng)雙方法人代表友好協(xié)商，一致達(dá)成和解協(xié)議如下：

1、襪機(jī)總款按935，000元計(jì)算，除已付給乙方貨款及甲方在銷售期間墊付的有關(guān)費(fèi)用外，甲方一次性再付給乙方襪機(jī)款18萬元；

2、手套機(jī)、卷邊機(jī)及配件總額按845，308元計(jì)算，除甲方已付給乙方手套機(jī)、卷邊機(jī)及配件款765，308元外，甲方一次性再付給乙方人民幣80，000元（捌萬元整）；

3、以上二項(xiàng)總計(jì)甲方需付給乙方一次性人民幣貳拾陸萬元整（260，000元）；

4、乙方在簽訂本協(xié)議時(shí)，必須立即辦理法院撤訴手續(xù)及有關(guān)財(cái)產(chǎn)解凍手續(xù)，同時(shí)將吉林省延邊州中級人民法院的撤訴裁定書傳真給諸暨市人民法院代為送達(dá)，并將原件用特快專遞郵寄甲方；

5、本協(xié)議經(jīng)甲、乙雙方法人代表簽字即生效，生效后雙方都不得用任何理由和借口向?qū)Ψ教岢霎愖h，今后雙方互不追究任何責(zé)任；

6、協(xié)議簽訂后，甲方憑延邊州中級人民法院撤訴裁定書一次性付給乙方全部貨款計(jì) 260，000元（貳拾陸萬元整）。該協(xié)議由飛達(dá)公司法定代表人宗光培簽名并加蓋公章，江南公司法定代表人姜南春簽名并加蓋公章。1998年12月22日，姜南春給飛達(dá)公司出具收條“今收到飛達(dá)公司襪子機(jī)及手套機(jī)款共計(jì)24.5萬元，至此與飛達(dá)公司的兩機(jī)款全部收完，合同從此終止，款已結(jié)清”，姜南春在收條上簽名并加蓋了江南公司的公章。上述協(xié)議及收條的形成，沒有原手套機(jī)購銷合同的另一方農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社的參與，農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社也不知情，未同意、未授權(quán)。此和解協(xié)議及收條系江南公司與飛達(dá)公司擅自達(dá)成的，侵害了購銷合同一方農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社的利益，故該協(xié)議屬單方行為，為無效協(xié)議。江南公司因無效協(xié)議所取得的24.5萬元人民幣應(yīng)返還給飛達(dá)公司。因江南公司與飛達(dá)公司對和解協(xié)議的達(dá)成均存在過錯(cuò)，由此因和解無效存在的損失由協(xié)議雙方各自承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。

（四）因農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社未發(fā)運(yùn)的40臺手套機(jī)是農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社個(gè)人行為，與飛達(dá)公司不直接發(fā)生關(guān)系，全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同中對此也未約定，飛達(dá)公司并不知農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社對手套機(jī)進(jìn)行管理等情況，況且農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社沒有足夠的證據(jù)證明627，250元人民幣損失的由來，故農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社的此項(xiàng)訴訟請求不予支持。

原審法院認(rèn)為：二原告與被告所簽訂的全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同為有效合同，被告方應(yīng)給付拖欠的貨款并承擔(dān)違約責(zé)任。二原告要求被告給付322，307元及違約金64，461元，運(yùn)費(fèi)4，841.32元的主張本院予以支持；原告農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社要求被告賠償627，250元人民幣損失的主張無事實(shí)依據(jù)，本院不予支持。被告方提出的原告無訴訟主體資格，1998年12月18日雙方已達(dá)成和解協(xié)議對手套機(jī)、襪子機(jī)款已結(jié)清，應(yīng)駁回原告訴訟請求的主張不成立，不予支持。依照《中華人民共和國經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法》第六條、第二十九條第一款、第三十一條、第三十二條、《中華人民共和國民法通則》第一百零六條、第六十一條第一款之規(guī)定，判決：

一、飛達(dá)公司于本判決生效之日起十日內(nèi)償付清算組、農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社全自動(dòng)手套編織機(jī)及配件款322，307元，運(yùn)費(fèi) 4，841.32元，并支付違約金64，461元，合計(jì)391，609.32元；

二、清算組于本判決生效之日起十日內(nèi)返還飛達(dá)公司24.5萬元人民幣。案件受理費(fèi)20，666元，由被告負(fù)擔(dān)8，384元，由原告農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社負(fù)擔(dān)11，282元。

飛達(dá)公司上訴稱：

1、清算組在一審中始終未提交其依法成立的有效證據(jù)，而所謂的琿春市邊境經(jīng)濟(jì)合作區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展局的文件又無法律效力，故清算組作為原告的訴訟主體錯(cuò)誤；

2、農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社與飛達(dá)公司1998年5月 6日簽訂的全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同無效。理由是：（1）根據(jù)最高人民法院《關(guān)于適用<涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法>若干問題的解答》第三條第二款“訂立合同的我國當(dāng)事人未經(jīng)國家主管機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)授予對外經(jīng)營權(quán)的，合同無效”的規(guī)定，因飛達(dá)公司無對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營權(quán)，故該合同無效。（2）根據(jù)《中華人民共和國對外貿(mào)易法》第九條的規(guī)定，上訴人飛達(dá)公司未經(jīng)國務(wù)院對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門許可，且無明確的對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營范圍，故雙方所簽合同因違反國家法律強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定而無效。（3）根據(jù)最高人民法院《關(guān)于適用<中華人民共和國合同法>若干問題的解釋》

（一）第十條“當(dāng)事人超越經(jīng)營范圍訂立合同，人民法院不因此認(rèn)定合同無效。但違反國家限制經(jīng)營、特許經(jīng)營以及法律、行政法規(guī)禁止經(jīng)營規(guī)定的除外”的規(guī)定，對外貿(mào)易屬國家授權(quán)特許經(jīng)營，故上訴人與農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社所簽的合同無效。

3、江南公司與飛達(dá)公司1998年5月6日簽訂的全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同有效，該合同締約方應(yīng)排除農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社，合同項(xiàng)下的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該受到法律保護(hù)。

4、本案事實(shí)上的買賣關(guān)系，系江南公司自農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社買入手套機(jī)之后賣給飛達(dá)公司，故一審法院在事實(shí)認(rèn)定上是錯(cuò)誤的。

5、飛達(dá)公司與江南公司簽訂的和解協(xié)議合法有效，飛達(dá)公司已因該協(xié)議付出了履行此合同的全部對價(jià)，付款責(zé)任應(yīng)予解除。

6、原審程序違法，二被上訴人在原審時(shí)只是緩交訴訟費(fèi)，緩交日期截止到2002年11月12日之前，而二被上訴人到目前為止仍未交納訴訟費(fèi)，原審法院在沒有收到訴訟費(fèi)的情況下作出的判決是違法的。

7、原審對清算組和農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社之間的具體權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系沒有審理清楚。

8、原審判決對本案爭議數(shù)額認(rèn)定不清。

清算組答辯稱：

1、清算組的成立是經(jīng)董事會(huì)研究決定，以合法的程序向琿春市工商行政管理局外事科、琿春邊境經(jīng)濟(jì)合作區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展局、琿春市公安局治安科申報(bào)批準(zhǔn)的，目的是清算清理債權(quán)債務(wù)。

2、根據(jù)1998年5月6日三方簽訂的全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同第四條、第五條、第六條、第七條的約定，飛達(dá)公司不需要外經(jīng)貿(mào)部批準(zhǔn)的進(jìn)、出口營業(yè)執(zhí)照，故1998年5月6日三方簽訂的合同是一般的國內(nèi)購銷合同，不是進(jìn)出口購銷合同，應(yīng)認(rèn)定有效。

3、1998年12月18日，江南公司法人代表姜南春與飛達(dá)公司簽訂的和解協(xié)議屬無效協(xié)議。

農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社答辯稱：一審判決認(rèn)定事實(shí)清楚，適用法律正確，請求二審法院駁回上訴，維持原判。

綜合上訴人的上訴及被上訴人的答辯，并征詢各方當(dāng)事人的意見，本案爭議的焦點(diǎn)問題是：

1、清算組是否具備本案的訴訟主體資格？

2、三方當(dāng)事人在1998年5月6日簽訂的全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同是否有效？

3、江南公司和飛達(dá)公司1998年12月18日簽訂的和解協(xié)議是否有效？

4、原審法院是否存在程序違法之處？各方當(dāng)事人在二審中所舉的證據(jù)與一審?fù)耆嗤鶝]有新證據(jù)提供，故本院二審查明的事實(shí)與一審相同。針對上述焦點(diǎn)問題，本院綜合評判如下：

（一）清算組是否具備本案的訴訟主體資格？

被上訴人清算組認(rèn)為其成立是合法的，故具備本案的訴訟主體資格，并提供了琿春市邊境經(jīng)濟(jì)合作區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展局琿經(jīng)發(fā)[2001]53號“關(guān)于琿春江南實(shí)業(yè)有限公司成立清算小組的批復(fù)”，證明清算組是經(jīng)過國家對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門批準(zhǔn)后成立的。

上訴人飛達(dá)公司對清算組提供的琿經(jīng)發(fā)[2001]53號文件的真實(shí)性沒有異議，但認(rèn)為江南公司是私營企業(yè)，應(yīng)由董事會(huì)成立清算小組，并提供了琿春市邊境經(jīng)濟(jì)合作區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展局琿經(jīng)發(fā)[1993]125號“關(guān)于琿春江南實(shí)業(yè)開發(fā)公司與韓國唯一纖維會(huì)社在邊境經(jīng)濟(jì)合作區(qū)興建琿春江南實(shí)業(yè)有限公司的申請批復(fù)”和江南公司董事會(huì)名單，證明江南公司是私營企業(yè)，故清算組不具備本案的訴訟主體資格，應(yīng)由董事會(huì)成員作為本案的訴訟主體參加訴訟。

被上訴人清算組質(zhì)證稱，對上訴人提供的琿經(jīng)發(fā)[1993]125號文件和江南公司董事會(huì)名單的真實(shí)性沒有異議，但江南公司是中外合資企業(yè)，而不是上訴人所說的私營企業(yè)，琿春市邊境經(jīng)濟(jì)合作區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展局有權(quán)成立清算小組。

本院認(rèn)為：江南公司是由中國琿春江南實(shí)業(yè)開發(fā)公司與韓國唯一纖維會(huì)社合資成立的，根據(jù)上訴人提供的琿經(jīng)發(fā)[1993]125號文件和被上訴人清算組一審時(shí)提供的江南公司的企業(yè)法人營業(yè)執(zhí)照，足以證明江南公司是中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)，而非上訴人飛達(dá)公司所稱的私營企業(yè)。根據(jù)《中華人民共和國中外合資經(jīng)營企業(yè)法》第三條及《外商投資企業(yè)清算辦法》第二條、第三條第二款的規(guī)定，琿春市邊境經(jīng)濟(jì)合作區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展局作為國家對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門，有權(quán)決定中外合資企業(yè)江南公司成立清算小組。綜上，清算組的成立符合法律規(guī)定，具備本案的訴訟主體資格，故上訴人飛達(dá)公司主張清算組不具備本案訴訟主體資格的上訴理由不能成立。

（二）江南公司、農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社和飛達(dá)公司于1998年5月6日簽訂的《全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同》是否有效？

上訴人飛達(dá)公司認(rèn)為，本案事實(shí)上的買賣關(guān)系，是江南公司自農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社買入手套機(jī)后賣與飛達(dá)公司，飛達(dá)公司的買入價(jià)和江南公司買入價(jià)之間存在差異，因飛達(dá)公司未經(jīng)國家對外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易主管部門許可，沒有對外經(jīng)營權(quán)，故其同農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社簽訂的合同因違反國家法律的強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定而無效，但并不影響飛達(dá)公司同江南公司之間買賣合同的效力，該合同的締約方應(yīng)排除農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社，從而認(rèn)定江南公司同飛達(dá)公司間的買賣合同合法有效，合同項(xiàng)下的內(nèi)容應(yīng)受到法律保護(hù)，并提供了琿春海關(guān)進(jìn)出口關(guān)稅專用繳款書、琿春邊境貿(mào)易公司代江南公司從韓國進(jìn)口57臺手套編織機(jī)的證明以及江南公司向琿春邊境貿(mào)易公司交納了進(jìn)口手套機(jī)的代理費(fèi)、辦證費(fèi)、商檢費(fèi)、口岸費(fèi)、海關(guān)關(guān)稅等稅費(fèi)的證據(jù)。

被上訴人農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社和清算組認(rèn)為本案中涉及的《全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同》是江南公司、農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社、飛達(dá)公司三方協(xié)商簽訂的，其中所約定的交貨和驗(yàn)貨地點(diǎn)均在中國境內(nèi)，故該合同不應(yīng)視為涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同，而是一般的國內(nèi)購銷合同，故應(yīng)為有效合同。

本院認(rèn)為：飛達(dá)公司作為甲方同乙方農(nóng)產(chǎn)全社、江南公司于1998年5月6日簽訂的《全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同》中約定的標(biāo)的物“全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)”是由作為合同一方主體的韓國企業(yè)農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社提供的，雖然合同中約定的交貨和驗(yàn)貨地點(diǎn)均在中國境內(nèi)，但并不能以此將該合同認(rèn)定為“一般的國內(nèi)購銷合同”，而應(yīng)按照合同的主體及客體認(rèn)定該合同為進(jìn)出口購銷合同，由該合同所產(chǎn)生的糾紛應(yīng)適用《中華人民共和國涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法》及相關(guān)的司法解釋。根據(jù)最高人民法院《關(guān)于適用<涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法>若干問題的解答》第三條第二款“訂立合同的我國當(dāng)事人未經(jīng)國家主管機(jī)關(guān)批準(zhǔn)授予對外經(jīng)營權(quán)的，該合同應(yīng)當(dāng)確認(rèn)無效”以及《中華人民共和國對外貿(mào)易法》第十三條“沒有對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營許可的組織或者個(gè)人，可以在國內(nèi)委托對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營者在其經(jīng)營范圍內(nèi)代為辦理其對外貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)”的規(guī)定，由于飛達(dá)公司和江南公司均不具有對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營權(quán)，不能與外商直接簽訂有關(guān)貨物買賣合同，故本案中所涉及的《全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同》因合同主體不合格而無效。

（三）江南公司和飛達(dá)公司于1998年12月18日簽訂的和解協(xié)議是否有效？

上訴人飛達(dá)公司認(rèn)為本案爭議的全自動(dòng)手套編織機(jī)是由江南公司向農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社買進(jìn)后再賣給飛達(dá)公司的，上訴人飛達(dá)公司與江南公司間存在直接的買賣關(guān)系，而和農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社間沒有直接的買賣關(guān)系，故江南公司同飛達(dá)公司間簽訂的和解協(xié)議合法有效。

被上訴人清算組和農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社均主張飛達(dá)公司同江南公司1998年12月18日簽訂的和解協(xié)議無效，理由是該協(xié)議沒有《全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同》的一方主體農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社參加。

本院認(rèn)為：江南公司與飛達(dá)公司于1998年12月18日簽訂的“和解協(xié)議”中共涉及兩個(gè)方面的法律關(guān)系，一個(gè)是江南公司同飛達(dá)公司就雙方間因買賣織襪機(jī)而拖欠的襪機(jī)款所達(dá)成的和解協(xié)議；另一個(gè)是江南公司同飛達(dá)公司就履行本案中所涉及的《全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同》而產(chǎn)生的糾紛所達(dá)成的和解協(xié)議。由于本案處理的是飛達(dá)公司同江南公司、農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社間因買賣全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)而產(chǎn)生的糾紛，故飛達(dá)公司同江南公司在“和解協(xié)議”中關(guān)于“飛達(dá)公司應(yīng)給付江南公司襪機(jī)款18萬元”的約定，因?qū)倭硪环申P(guān)系，與本案無關(guān)，對此條款的效力，本院不予評判：“和解協(xié)議”中關(guān)于“飛達(dá)公司應(yīng)給付江南公司手套機(jī)、卷邊機(jī)及配件款8萬元”的約定，是江南公司同飛達(dá)公司就履行本案中所涉及的《全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同》而產(chǎn)生的糾紛所達(dá)成的和解協(xié)議，從《全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同》的簽訂和履行情況來看，首先，《全自動(dòng)手套機(jī)購銷合同》中并未約定貨款具體應(yīng)給付江南公司還是農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社，且江南公司和農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社在二審中均主張貨款只要給付了其中的一方，就應(yīng)視為給付；其次，飛達(dá)公司不具有對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營權(quán)，實(shí)際上其亦未與農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社發(fā)生直接的買賣關(guān)系，而是由江南公司委托了有對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)營權(quán)的琿春邊境貿(mào)易公司從韓國進(jìn)口了57臺手套機(jī)，并向琿春邊境貿(mào)易公司交納了相關(guān)的費(fèi)用，然后再由江南公司賣給飛達(dá)公司，即使飛達(dá)公司沒有全部給付貨款，農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社也只能依據(jù)外貿(mào)合同向琿春邊境貿(mào)易公司和江南公司主張權(quán)利，而不能向飛達(dá)公司主張權(quán)利；而江南公司則可以依據(jù)其同飛達(dá)公司間實(shí)際發(fā)生的買賣關(guān)系向飛達(dá)公司主張權(quán)利。綜上，由于江南公司對飛達(dá)公司拖欠的手套機(jī)款有處分的權(quán)利，而農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社又沒有直接向飛達(dá)公司主張貨款的權(quán)利，因此，江南公司同飛達(dá)公司就手套機(jī)款所達(dá)成的和解協(xié)議，應(yīng)認(rèn)定有效。由于江南公司同飛達(dá)公司就拖欠的手套機(jī)款已達(dá)成和解協(xié)議，并已實(shí)際履行完畢，故江南公司再對此提起訴訟，沒有法律依據(jù)。

（四）原審法院判決是否違反法定程序？

原審法院在未收取江南公司和農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社訴訟費(fèi)的情況下作出判決，雖有不妥之處，但不屬于法定的程序違法，故上訴人以此主張?jiān)瓕徟袥Q程序違法的理由不能成立。

綜上，清算組和農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社請求飛達(dá)公司給付貨款并賠償損失的主張，沒有法律依據(jù)，其訴訟請求無理，應(yīng)予駁回。原審判決認(rèn)定事實(shí)清楚，但適用法律有不當(dāng)之處。根據(jù)《中華人民共和國涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法》第二條、最高人民法院《關(guān)于適用<涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同法>若干問題的解答》第三條第二款以及《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法》第一百五十三條第一款第（二）項(xiàng)之規(guī)定，判決如下：

一、撤銷中華人民共和國吉林省延邊朝鮮族自治州中級人民法院（2000）延州經(jīng)初字第63號民事判決；

二、駁回琿春江南實(shí)業(yè)有限公司清算小組、韓國KOMARA農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社的訴訟請求。一、二審案件受理費(fèi)41，332元，由琿春江南實(shí)業(yè)有限公司清算小組、韓國KOMARA農(nóng)產(chǎn)會(huì)社負(fù)擔(dān)。

本判決為終審判決。

審 判 長 王曉東

代理審判員 王東林

代理審判員 姜 濤

2003年6月10日

本件與原本核對無異

書 記 員 牛 鋒

No.5 Intermediate People's Courts of Chongqing

Paper of Civil Judgment

(2012 Y.W.Z.F.M.Z.Z.No.515)

Appellant(original defendant): Chongqing Lixin Certified Public Accountants Co., LTD.The address is 11-1, A Tower of Longxinda, No.66 Meizhuangxiaojie, Shangqingsi, Yuzhong District, Chongqing;the organ code of this accounting firm is 20280712-8 Legal Representative of this Company: Xiao Qiquan, the director of this accounting firm.Entrusted Agent: Lai Dachuan, Lawyer from Chongqing Niannan Law Firm.Entrusted Agent: Xiao Jing, Lawyer from Chongqing Niannan Law Firm.Appellee(original plaintiff): Chen Zhijian, male, Han nationality, born on 1962-12-13, now is living in Fu 39, No.309 Nancheng Avenue, Nanan District, Chongqing;his ID number is ***012.Entrusted Agent: Sui Yijing, Lawyer from Chongqing Hengze Law Firm.The case about entrusted contract dispute between the appellant Chongqing Yongxin Certified Public Accountants and the appellee Chen Zhijian has been sentenced by People?s Court of Yuzhong District of Chongqing on Sep.09, 2011, showed on the paper of Q.M.C.Z.No.00610.Now Chongqing Yonxin Certified Public appealed to the higher court against its sentence, after our court received this case, we gathered Collegiate Bench according to the law, and we tried this case.Hereby the trial results.Trial of first instance had found out that: due to the purpose of immigration, Chen Zhijian had signed the Auditing Business Agreement with Chongqing Yongxin Certified Public Accountants on Oct.26, 2005.The contents of this agreement including: Chen Zhijian entrusted Chongqing Yongxin Certified Public Accountants to do personal net assets auditing(including some financial documents about his personal net assets from 2002 to 2004).It is Chen Zhijian?s responsibility to establish sound and effective internal accounting control system, preserve the safety and integrity of the assets, provide legal, authentic and integral accounting documents.Jilin Province Higher Peoples Court Of the People's Republic of China

Civil Judgment

（2003）Ji Min San Zhong Zi No.20

Appellant（defendant in the first instance）： Feida Industrial Co., Ltd.of Zhuji City（former Feida Industrial Company of Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province）, 60 Huandongbei Road, Cheng'guan Town, Zhuji City, Zhejiang Province.Legal representative： Zong Guangpei, general manager of the company.Attorney ： Tian Dayuan, lawyer of Jilin Hengfeng Lawyers Office.Appellee（plaintiff in the first instance）： Liquidating Group of Jiangnan Industrial Co., Ltd.of Hunchun City.Representative： Jin Longhua, leader of the Liquidating Group.Appellee（plaintiff in the first instance）： KOMARA Agricultural Industry Company of South Korea, 586-15 Lianshanqian Dong, Lianti District, Gangsoe City, Pusan, The Republic of.Legal representative： Jiang Dajian, president of the company.Attorney ： Wang Wenjun, lawyer of Jilin Youzheng Lawyers Office.Appellant Feida Industrial Co., Ltd.of Zhuji City（hereafter referred to as Feida Co.）refused to accept the（2000）Y.Z.J.C.Z.No.63 civil decision regarding the glove machine purchases and sales contract dispute between Feida Co and the appellees Liquidating Group of Jiangnan Industrial Co., Ltd.of Hunchun City（hereafter referred to as Liquidating Group）and KOMARA Agricultural Industry Company of The Republic of（hereafter referred to as KOMARA Co.）made by Intermediate Peoples Court of Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Yanbian, Jilin Province, the People's Republic of China as final and lodged an appeal to the Court.After accepting the case, the Court formed a collegial panel and opened a court session publicly.Attorney agent Tian Dayuan, authorized by the appellant Feida Co, Jin Longhua, representative of the appellee Liquidating Group and attorney agent Wang Wenjun, authorized by KOMARA Co., participated the court session and made their arguments.This case is decided now.The first instance court identified facts by trial as follows： On July 5, 1999, the business license of Jiangnan Company was revoked by Administration for Industry and Commerce of Hunchun City without participating in the annual examination and the company was informed that the credit and debt should be settled by itself.On June 1, 2001, Economic Development Bureau of Border Economic Cooperation Zone of Hunchun City issued the（2001）H.J.F.No.53 document that determined Jiangnan Company to form a liquidating group and define members of the group and their duties.Public Order Division of Public Security Bureau of Hunchun City issued a confirming documentation certifying that：the official seal of the Liquidating Group had been put on file according to law.Jiang Nanchun, former legal representative of Jiangnan Company, submitted a written document explaining that： 1.Jiangnan Company, proposed by him, consented to form the Liquidating Group and appointed Song Mingnan as leader of the group, Jin Longhua as deputy leader, Lu Xiangji, Li Shunzi and Jin Changhao as members of the group； 2.He agreed that Jin Longhua should be responsible for the liquidation work and all related legal affairs.Therefore, the Liquidating Group that was formed in accordance with the legal procedure and shall be responsible for settlement of the credit and debt of Jiangnan Company has the qualification of subject of action.⑵ Parties B Jiangnan Company and KOMARA Co.singed the fully automatic glove machine purchases and sales contract with Party A Feida Co.on May 6, 1998.The contract stipulated that： Party A shall order 680 sets of Songguo or Daojin brand F7-F10 type fully automatic glove machines made in Japan from Parties B（for the detailed plan of supply, refer to the fax from South Korea）； the time of delivery was from May 8, 1998 to January 8, 1999； RMB￥17000 per set F.O.R.Tumen Railway Station； place of delivery： Tumen Railway Station； full payment on delivery after arrival of the machines at Tumen Railway Station； the railway freight shall be borne by Party A； in case either party breaches the contract, the party breaching the contract shall compensate the other party with 20% of the total price of the part of the contract that is not performed as fine for breach of contract.The contract was sealed by Party A and signed by Zong Guangpei, legal representative of Party A, Jin Longhua, agent of Party B Jiangnan Company, sealed by KOMARA Co.and signed by Jiang Dajian, representative of KOMARA Co.After the contract was signed, the plaintiff delivered fully automatic glove machines and parts worth RMB￥793, 573 to the defendant.Feida Co.paid RMB￥471, 266 to the plaintiff for the glove machines and owes the plaintiff RMB￥322, 307.The special import duty pay-in warrant of Hunchun Customs and the agent import certificate of Hunchun Border Trade Company can certify that： Hunchun Border Trade Company which acted as an agent of Jiangnan Company imported 57 sets of glove knitting machines from South Korea on August 10, 1998 and Jiangnan Company paid Hunchun Border Trade Company RMB￥7700 for agency commission, certification, commodity inspection, port management and others.During performance of the contract, the correspondence between Zong Guangpei, legal representative of Feida Co.and Jin Longhua, authorized agent of Jiangnan Company, can certify that both parties have actually fulfilled the purchase and sales contract.Therefore, the fully automatic glove machines purchase and sales contract signed by and between the two plaintiffs and the defendant is the declaration of will of both parties and is a valid contract.In addition, to fulfill the contract, Jiangnan Company paid Feida Co.RMB￥4, 841.32 of freight in advance for the shipment of the glove machine.⑶ Party A Feida Co.and Party B Jiangnan Company signed a reconciliation agreement on December 18, 1998.The agreement stated that： the contract on Party A's purchase of the complete-set footwear machine used by Party B's joint venture from Party B was signed by and between both Party A and Party B on July 24, 1997 and the contract on purchase of the fully automatic glove machines imported from South Korea that were operated by the joint venture between Party B and KOMARA Co., Pusan, South Korea, was signed by and between both parties on May 6,1998.During execution of the two contracts, the contracts couldn't be performed for reasons.Both parties had a dispute about relevant issues.Then Party B filed a suit in Intermediate Peoples Court of Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Yanbian, Jilin Province.Now both parties came to a reconciliation agreement through friendly negotiation between legal representatives of both parties as follows： 1.The total price of the footwear machines is calculated as RMB￥935,000, and Party A shall pay Party B RMB￥180,000 in lump sum for the footwear machines in addition to the money paid to Party B and the money paid by Party A in advance during sales； 2.The total price of the glove machines, seaming machines and fittings is calculated as RMB￥845, 308, and Party A shall pay Party B RMB￥80, 000（eighty thousand yuan only）in lump sum in addition to RMB￥765, 308 paid by Party A for the glove machines, seaming machines and fittings； 3.Party A shall pay Party B RMB￥260, 000（two hundred and sixty thousand yuan only）in lump sum of the above two items； 4.Party B shall immediately go through the formalities of withdrawing the action and unblocking the assets after the agreement is signed and at the same time, fax the non-pros award of Intermediate Peoples Court of Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Yanbian to Peoples Court of Zhuji City and send the original via EMS to Party A； 5.The agreement shall come into force after it is signed by legal representatives of both parties.Neither party shall make an objection against the other party for any reason or in any excuse.Neither party shall affix the responsibility of the other party； 6.After the agreement is signed, Party A shall pay Party B RMB￥260, 000（two hundred and sixty thousand yuan only）in lump sum by the non-pros award of Intermediate Peoples Court of Korean Autonomous Prefecture of Yanbian.The agreement was signed by Zong Guangpei, legal representative of Feida Co., with the official seal of the company affixed to it, and signed by Jiang Nanchun, legal representative of Jiangnan Company, with the official seal of the company affixed to it.On December 22, 1998, Jiang Nanchun gave Feida Co a receipt that “ we received RMB￥245, 000 from Feida Co.for the footwear machines and glove machines.So far, all the money for the two kinds of machines has been received in full.The contract shall be terminated now, with the account settled.” Jiang Nanchun added his signature and affixed the official seal of Jiangnan Company to the receipt.KOMARA Co., the other party of the former glove machine purchases and sales contract, didn't participate in, know, consent to, or authorize the formation of the above agreement and receipt.The reconciliation agreement and receipt were reached by and between Jiangnan Company and Feida Co.without authorization, damaging the interest of KOMARA Co., the other party of the purchases and sales contract, so it was a unilateral act and the agreement was invalid.Jiangnan Company shall return RMB￥245, 000 received according to the invalid agreement to Feida Co.As both Jiangnan Company and Feida Co.had faults in reaching the reconciliation agreement, both parties shall take their respective responsibility for the losses arising from it.⑷ That KOMARA Co.didn't deliver 40 sets of the glove machines was the individual act of KOMARA Co., which didn't have a direct relation with Feida Co., or was not stipulated in the fully automatic glove machine purchases and sales contract.Feida Co.didn't know KOMARA Co.'s management of the glove machine and other related situations and KOMARA Co.didn't have enough evidence of the cause of the loss of RMB￥627, 250, so the claim of KOMARA Co.couldn't be supported.The first instance court concluded that: the fully automatic glove machines purchase and sales contract singed by and between the two plaintiffs and defendant was valid and the defendant shall pay the money owed for purchase the goods and take the liability for breach of contract.The two plaintiffs' claim that the defendant shall pay RMB￥322, 307, RMB￥64, 461 of fine for breach of contract and RMB￥4, 841.32 of freight is supported by the Court； the plaintiff KOMARA Co.'s claim for compensation of damages of RMB￥627, 250 on the defendant has no factual evidence, and cannot be supported by the Court.The claim made by the defendant that the plaintiffs' claim should be rejected, as they have no qualification of subject of action, and the, money for purchase of the glove machines and footwear machines had been settled in the reconciliation agreement reached by and between both parties on December 18, 1998, is untenable, and cannot be supported by the Court.In accordance with the stipulation of Article 6, Article 29 Section 3, Articles 31 and 32 of the Economic Contract Law of the People's Republic of China and the stipulation of Article 106 and Article 61 Section 1 of General Principles of the Civil Law of the Peoples Republic of China, it ordered as follows： 1.Feida Co.shall pay the Liquidating Group and KOMARA Co.RMB￥322, 307 for the fully automatic glove machines and fittings, RMB￥4, 841.32 of freight and RMB￥64, 461 of fine for breach of the contract, totaling RMB￥391, 609.32 within ten days from the date of effectiveness of the judgment； 2.The Liquidating Group shall return RMB￥245, 000 to Feida Co.within ten days from the date of effectiveness of the judgment.The total court acceptance fee is RMB￥20, 666, in which RMB￥8, 384 shall be borne by the defendant and RMB￥11, 282 by the plaintiff KOMARA Co……

In the appeal, Fei Da Company claims that：

1.In the first instance, all the while the reckoning group has never submitted/provided the legally established evidence.Yet the documents by the so-called Economy Development Bureau of Hui Cun Border Economy Corporation District are not legally valid, either.Therefore, it is a major mistake of the lawsuit that the reckoning group has acted as being the main body of the plaintiff；

2.The all-automatic glove machine purchase-sale contract, which was signed by the Farming Production Society and Fei Da Company on May 6, 1998, should be invalid.The reasons are that：（1）the contract should be invalid according to the 2nd item, Rule No.3 in “Solutions Applicable to Some Issues in ?Contract Law for the Economy Related to the Foreign Trade' ”by the People's Supreme Court, which stipulates that “The contracts made by the parties of our country, who have no rights for the foreign trade business ratified and issued by the state branch in charge, are invalid”.Because Fei Da Company has no right for the foreign trade business, so the very contract is invalid.（2）According to the Rule No.9 in “Law for the Foreign Trade, People's Republic of China》, the appellant, Fei Da Company, has had no the approval license from the foreign economy-trade department of the State Council, what is more, has had no definite or specific foreign trade business scope, hence, the contract signed by the two sides should be invalid because of having violated the compulsive rules of the state law.（3）According to Rule No.10 in the Section I ”Solutions Applicable to Some Issues in ?Contract Law, People's Republic of China' “： ”The parties make the contract beyond the business scope, the people's court does not maintain the contract be invalid due to this.But the exceptions are these that violates the limited business by the state, the concessionary business, the business banned by the law, the administrative codes.“ The foreign trade business belongs to the business ratified by the State.Thus, the contract signed by the appellant and the Farming Production Society should be invalid.3.The all-automatic glove machine purchase-sale contract signed by Jiang Nan Company and Fei Da Company on May 6, 1998, should be valid.The Farming Production Society should be excluded from the parties of this contract.The law should protect the terms of this contract.4.The actual buying relationship of this case is that： Jiang Nan Company had bought the glove machine, then, sold it to Fei Da Company.Therefore, the court in charge of the first instance was wrong in identifying the facts.5.The compromise agreement signed by Fei Da Company and Jiang Nan Company is legal and valid.Fei Da Company has carried out all the payment about this contract.So the responsibility for the payment should be dismissed.6.The legal proceedings in the first instance have violated the law.During the first instance, the two appellees just postponed to pay the legal fare.The postponed date closed before November 12, 2002.However, so far the two appellees have not paid the legal fare yet.It has been illegal that the court in charge of the first instance had made a sentence under the condition that the court did not received the legal fare.7.The first instance did not make it clear that the relationships of the specific rights and duties between the Reckoning Group and the Farming Production Society.8.The first instance did not clearly identify the disputed amount of this case.The Reckoning Group claims that：

1.The board of directors decided the foundation of the Reckoning Group after the study and discussion, which had officially declared to the departments concerned through the legal procedures, the foundation of which was ratified by the Foreign Fairs Office of Hui Cun Industrial and Commercial Administrative Management Bureau, by the Economy Development Bureau of Hui Cun Borders Economy Corporation District, by the Peace Section of Hui Cun Public Security Bureau, the purpose of which is to clear and settle accounts of the creditor's rights and the debt.2.According to the 4th item, the 5th, the 6th and the 7th item in the all-automatic glove machine purchase-sale contract signed by the three parties on May 6, 1998, it is unnecessary for Fei Da Company to have the imports-exports business license ratified by the Foreign Economy andTrade Ministry.Hence, the contract signed by the three parties on May 6, 1998, is just an ordinary domestic purchase-sale contract, not an imports-exports purchase-sale contract, which should be considered valid.3.The compromise agreement, which was signed by the legal representative Jiang NanCun of Jiang Nan Company and Fei Da Company on December 18, 1998, belongs to an invalid one.4.The Farming Production Society claims that： the facts identified in the first instance are clear and the law applied is proper, requesting the court should turn down the appeal and maintain the judgment in the first instance.Summarizing the appellant's appeal and the appellee's reply, also soliciting the opinions from the various parties, the focus of the case is that：

1.Whether does the Reckoning Group have qualifications for being the main body of the lawsuit of this case or not？

2.Whether is it valid or not that the all-automatic glove machine purchase-sale contract was signed by the three parties on May 6, 1998？

3.Whether is it valid or not that the compromise agreement was signed by Jiang Nan Company and Fei Da Company on December 18, 1998？

4.Whether is there anything illegal in the legal proceedings for the court in charge of the first instance？

In the second trial, the evidence provided by the various parties is the same as that in the first instance, there is no new evidence given by each of them.Therefore, in the second trial, what our court has found out is the same as what the former court found out in the first instance.Regarding the above-mentioned focal issues, what our court has generally analyzed is as follows：

（I）Whether does the Reckoning Group have the qualifications for being the main body of the lawsuit of this case or not？

The appellee, the Reckoning Group, thinks that, its foundation is legal, so it has the qualifications for being the main body of the lawsuit of this case.Furthermore, it has provided the document No.53 Hui Jing Fa Zi [2001] “the Approved Reply Paper about the Foundation of the Reckoning Group by Hui Cun Jiang Nan Industry Ltd”, which proves that the foundation of the Reckoning Group has been approved by the state foreign trade branch in charge.The appellant, Fei Da Company, has no objection to the authenticity of the document No.53 Hui Jing Fa [2001], which has been provided by the Reckoning Group.However, Fei Da Company thinks that Hui Nan Company is the privately owned business, the Reckoning Group should have been established by the Board of Directors.Fei Da Company has also provided the document No.125 Hui Jing Fa [1993] by the Economy Development Bureau of Hui Cun Border Economy Cooperation District, which is about “The Ratified Reply Paper to the Application for Establishing Hui Cun Jiang Nan Industry Ltd in the Border Economy Cooperation District by Jiang Nan Industry Ltd and the Fibre Society（which is the only one in South Korea）”； Fei Day Company has also provided the list of the board of directors, which proves that Jiang Nan Company is the privately owned business.Thus, the Reckoning Group doesn't have the qualifications for being the main body of the lawsuit of this case, which should have been acted as by the member of the board of directors.In questioning the evidence, the appellee, the Reckoning Group, claims that： they have no objection to the authenticity about the document No.125 Hui Jing Fa [1993] and the list of the board of directors.But Jiang Nan Company is a joint venture between China and the foreign country.It is not the privately owned business, which has been claimed by the appellant.The Economy Development Bureau of Hui Jiang Border Economy Cooperation District has the right to set up a reckoning group.Our court thinks that： Jiang Nan Company is the joint venture that has been set up by China Hui Cun Jiang Nan Industry Ltd.and the Fibre Society（which is the only one in South Korea）.According to the document No.125 Hui Jing Fa [1993] provided by the appellant and according to the business legal representative's license of Jiang Nan Company provided in the first instance by the appellee, the Reckoning Group, this does sufficiently prove that Jiang Nan Company is a joint venture, not a privately owned business which has been claimed by the appellant, Fei Da Company.According to Rule No.3 in “Business Law for the Domestic and Abroad Joint Venture, People's Republic of China》, Rule No.2, the 2nd item of Rule No.3 in”Methods for Reckoning in Joint Venture Business》, the Economy Development Bureau of Hui Cun Border Economy Cooperation District, as being the state economy-trade branch in charge of the foreign trade business, has the right to decide setting up a reckoning group in the joint venture, Jiang Nan Company.In summary, the foundation of the Reckoning Group is legal and it has the qualifications for being the main body of the lawsuit of this case.Therefore, it is untenable that the appellant, Fei Da Company, has claimed that the Reckoning Group has no qualifications for being the main body of the lawsuit of the case.（II）Whether is it valid or not that the“All-automatic Glove Machine Purchase-Sale Contract》has been signed by Jiang Nan Company, the Farming Production Society and Fei Da Company on May 6, 1998？

The appellant, Fei Da Company, thinks that, the actual buying relationship of this case is that, Jiang Nan Company sold the glove machine to Fei Da Company after Jiang Nan Company had bought the glove machine from the Farming Production Society.There are differences between the purchase price of Fei Da Company and that of Jiang Nan Company.Because Fei Da Company has no license ratified and issued by the state economy-trade branch in charge of the foreign trade, Fei Da Company has no right to carry out the foreign trade business.Thus, the contract signed by Fei Da Company and the Farming Production Society has violated the compulsive rules of the state law.Yet that doesn't influence the effectiveness of the purchase-sale contract between Fei Da Company and Jiang Nan Company.The Farming Production Society should be excluded from the parties of this contract.Consequently, it is maintained that the purchase-sale contract between Jiang Nan Company and Fei Da Company should be legal and valid.The law should protect the contents of the items in this contract.These have been provided： the special tariff payment paper（Imports and Exports, Hui Cun Customs）, the certificate that Hui Cun Border Trade Company imported 52 knitting machines from South Korea for Fei Da Company, the evidence of the fees for the agency, for the certificate, for the commodity check-up, for the port, for the customs, etc., which were all paid by Jiang Nan Company to Hui Cun Border Trade Company.The appellee, the Farming Production Society and the Reckoning Group, thinks that： the all-automatic glove machine purchase-sale contract involved in this case has been signed through the three parties' negotiations, Jiang Nan Company, the Farming Production Society and Fei Day Company.In the contract, the promised sites for the delivery and the goods check-up are all inside the border of China.Therefore, the contract should not be regarded as the foreign-trade-related contract.It is just an ordinary domestic purchase-sale contract.So it is a valid contract.Our court thinks that： Fei Da Company as being the first side and the Farming Production Society, Jiang Nan Company as being the second sides, signed “All-automatic Glove Machine Purchase-Sale Contract》on May 6, 1998, in which the marked goods ”all-automatic glove machine“ are provided by the main body of one side the Farming Production Society, the business of South Korea.Though the sites for the delivery and the goods check-up are all in China, the contract can't be considered as ”the ordinary domestic purchase-sale contract“.The contract should be considered as the imports & exports purchase-sale contract according to the main body and the object of the contract.”Contract Law for the Economy Relevant to the Foreign Trade, People's Republic of China“ and the judicial explanations concerned are applicable to the dissension arisen in the contract.According to the 2nd item, Rule No.3 in ”Solutions Applicable to Some Issues in ?Contract Law for the Economy Related to the Foreign Trade' “ by the People's Supreme Court： ”The contracts made by the parties of our country, who have no the foreign trade business right ratified and issued by the state branch in charge, are invalid“.According to Rule No.13 in ”Law for the Foreign Trade, People's Republic of China“which stipulates”The organization or the individual, who have no license for the foreign trade business, can entrust the agent in charge of the foreign trade to run the business in the domestic country within his business range“, because neither Fei Da Company nor Jiang Nan Company has no right to run the foreign trade business and they cannot directly sign the goods purchase-sale contract with the foreign businessman, so the ”All-automatic Glove Machine Purchase-sale Contract“is invalid due to being unqualified for the main body of the contract.（III）Whether is it valid or not that the compromise agreement was signed by Jiang Nan Company and Fei Da Company on December 18, 1998？

The appellant, Fei Da Company, thinks that, the all-automatic glove knitting machine, which is disputed in this case, was sold by Jiang Nan Company to Fei Da Company after Jiang Nan Company had bought it from the Farming Production Society.There is direct buying relationship between the appellant Fei Da Company and Jiang Nan Company.Yet there is no direct buying relationship between Fei Da Company and the Farming Production Society.Therefore, the compromise agreement signed by Jiang Nan Company and Fei Day Company should be valid.The appellees, the Reckoning Group and the Farming Production Society, both claims that, the compromise agreement signed by Fei Day Company and Jiang Nan Company should be invalid.The reason is that the main body of one side has not participated in “All-automatic Glove Machine Purchase-Sale Contract”.Our court thinks that： the two respects of the law relationship are involved in “The Compromise Agreement” signed by Jiang Nan Company and Fei Da Company on December 18, 1998.One is the compromise agreement that has been reached by Jiang Nan Company and Fei Da Company because of the arrears for the purchase-sale of the socks knitting machine between the two sides； the other is the compromise agreement reached by Jiang Nan Company when they had dissension while their carrying out “All-automatic Glove Machine Purchase-Sale Contract”, which is involved in this case.For this case is about the settlement of the dissension arisen in the purchase-sale of the all-automatic glove machine between Fei Da Company and Jiang Nan Company, the Farming Production Society.So the promise in the “Compromise Agreement”, that “Fei Da Company should pay Jiang Nan Company ￥180,000Yuan as the payment for the socks knitting machine”, has no relation with this case because of belonging to another relationship of the law.Our court will not judge the effectiveness of this item.The promise in the “Compromise Agreement”, that “Fei Da Company should pay Jiang Nan Company ￥80,000Yuan as the payment for the glove machine, the rolling machine and the fittings”, is the compromise agreement reached by Jiang Nan Company and Fei Da Company when their dealing with the dissension arisen from “All-automatic Glove Machine Purchase-Sale Contract”.Although another party, the Farming Production Society, has not participated in the agreement, yet Fei Da Company does not have the right for the foreign trade business considering the signing and the implementation of “Full-automatic Glove Machine Purchase-Sale Contract”.So Fei Da cannot participate in signing the foreign trade contract； actually it has not had the direct buying relationship with the Farming Production Society.It is Jiang Nan Company that has entrusted Hui Cun Border Trade Campany（who has the right to do the foreign trade business）to import 57 glove machines from South Korea； and has also paid the relevant fees to Hui Cun Border Trade Company.Then, Jiang Nan Company sold the machines to Fei Da Company.Even if Fei Da Company didn't pay all the payment for the goods, the Farming Production Society could but claim rights from Hui Cun Border Trade Company and Jiang Nan Company according to the foreign trade contract, the Farming Production Society cannot claim rights from Fei Da Company.Moreover, Jiang Nan Company can claim rights from Fei Da Company according to its contract with Fei Da Company, in which the actual buying relationship has taken place between Jiang Nan Company and Fei Da Company.Therefore, because “All-automatic Glove Machine Purchase-Sale Contract”, which was signed by Jiang Nan Company, the Farming Production Society and Fei Da Company, is invalid, the Farming Production Society cannot have direct economic contact with Fei Da Company who has no rights for the foreign trade business.So the Jiang Nan Company's dissension from this contract, and then the compromise agreement reached with Fei Da Company have no relation with the Farming Production Society, the agreement should be considered valid.Because Jiang Nan Company has already come to the compromise agreement with Fei Da Company about the arrears for the glove machines, and actually the agreement has been completely implemented, it is untenable that Jiang Nan Company started a lawsuit against it.（IV）Whether has the sentence of the first instance court violated the legal proceedings？

The first instance court made the sentence under the circumstance that Jiang Nan Company and the Farming Production Society had not paid the legal cost.It doesn't belong to the legal violation of the legal proceedings.Thus, it is untenable that the appellant claims the legal proceedings of the first instance should be illegal due to this.Summarizing all the about-mentioned, it is untenable that the Reckoning Group and the Farming Production Society claims that Fei Da Company should pay the goods payment and compensate for the loss, and it is not supported by the law.This request is unreasonable and should be turned down.The facts that the first instance has identified are clear, yet there was certain improper place in the law applied.According to Rule No.2 in “Contract Law for the Economy Related to the Foreign Trade, People's Republic of China”, the 2nd item of Rule No.3 in “Solutions Applicable to Some Issues in ?Contract Law Related to the Foreign Trade' ”by the People's Supreme Court, and（II）in the first item of Rule No.153 in “Code of Civil Law, People's Republic of China”, the sentence is as follows：

1.Withdrawing the civil judgment No.63 Yan Zhou Jing Chu Zi（2000）by the People's Intermediate Court of YanBian Korean-Nationality Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China；

2.Turning down the lawsuit requests by the Reckoning Group of Hui Cun Jiang Nan Industry Ltd.and the Farming Production Society of KOMARA, South Korean.3.The fees for the first instance and the second instance, RMB￥41,332, shall be borne by the Reckoning Group of Hui Cun Jiang Nan Industry Ltd.and the Farming Production Society of KOMARA, the Republic of Korea.This judgment is the final judgment.Presiding judge： Wang Xiaodong

Acting judge： Wang Donglin

Acting judge： Jiangtao

Jilin Province Higher Peoples Court

（Seal）

June 10, 2003

Clerk： Niu Feng

第二篇：民事判決書

×××市人民法院 民事判決書

[2001]×民初字第25號

原告孫×杰，男，1940年8月21日出生于××省××縣系××公司退休干部，住××公司宿舍樓×棟×單元×號。

被告孫×林，男，1979年5月3日出生于××省××縣××制藥廠工人，住××市××街×樓×號。

原告孫×杰與被告孫×林脫離養(yǎng)父子關(guān)系一案，本院于2001年11月×日受理后，由審判長張××和人民陪審員朱××、王××依法組成合議庭，公開開庭進(jìn)行了審理。原告孫×杰和被告孫×林均到庭參加訴訟，本案現(xiàn)已審理終結(jié)。

原告孫×杰訴稱，原、被告系叔侄關(guān)系，2001年5月，原告孫×杰經(jīng)被告孫×林的父母請求，在辦理了相關(guān)手續(xù)后，收被告孫×林為養(yǎng)子，養(yǎng)父子關(guān)系確定后，同年9月1日，原告孫×杰將被告孫×林的戶口由原籍××省××縣××鄉(xiāng)××村轉(zhuǎn)至××市，并為被告孫×林找了工作。日常生活中被告孫×林將全部工資交給原告孫×杰，原告孫×杰每月給被告孫×林200元零花錢，并購買衣物，關(guān)系一直很好。2005年8月，被告孫×林在其制藥廠分得一間房子后便搬出去住，再也不將工資交給原告孫×杰，原告孫×杰與被告孫×林在2007年3月，因被告孫×林婚姻問題發(fā)生爭吵，被告孫×林于2001年10月23日晚與其生母一道趁原告孫×杰出去散步的機(jī)會(huì)，將原告孫×杰買來僅兩個(gè)月價(jià)值4000元的松下彩電一臺搬走，原告孫×杰發(fā)現(xiàn)后大為不滿，在要求被告孫×林歸還電視機(jī)未果的情況下，于2007年11月2日向××市人民法院起訴。訴請與被告孫×林脫離養(yǎng)父子關(guān)系，并讓被告孫×林歸還電視機(jī)。

被告孫×林辯稱，在與原告確定養(yǎng)父子關(guān)系后，每月將1000余元的工資全部交給原告孫×杰，被告孫×林工作以后共向原告孫×杰交了近3萬元工資。被告孫×林在其制藥廠分得一間房子后雖然搬出了原告孫×杰家，但是在節(jié)假日還去看孫×杰，通常還買些食品。原告孫×杰也不再給被告孫×林零花錢。原告孫×杰因病住院，被告孫×林還特意請假到醫(yī)院照顧原告孫×杰，買了食品和生活用品。被告孫×林工作后，共向原告交了近3萬余元的工資，只從原告孫×杰處得到不滿1萬元的零花錢和物品，要求法院判令原告孫×杰退回被告孫×林所交工資的剩余部分2萬元，并資助被告孫×林部分結(jié)婚所需費(fèi)用。

經(jīng)審理查明，原告孫×杰與被告孫×林在形成養(yǎng)父子關(guān)系后曾和睦相處了3年。期間，被告孫×林將工資交給原告孫×杰是盡人子之情，而原告孫×杰負(fù)責(zé)全家生活開支，還給被告孫×林零花錢，為被告孫×林購買衣物，也盡了為父之責(zé)，再斷無向被告孫×林返還所交工資之理。后因雙方在被告婚姻問題上發(fā)生分歧而出現(xiàn)矛盾，被告孫×林于2001年10月23日晚與其生母一道趁原告孫×杰出去散步的機(jī)會(huì)，將原告孫×杰買來僅兩個(gè)月價(jià)值4000元的松下彩電一臺搬走，以致引起訴訟，顯屬被告孫×林的錯(cuò)誤。原告孫×杰住院期間，被告孫×林還請假照顧，也盡了一定義務(wù)。

本院認(rèn)為：原告孫×杰和被告孫×林為養(yǎng)父子關(guān)系期間，因雙方在被告婚姻問題上發(fā)生分歧而出現(xiàn)矛盾，被告采取搬走原告電視機(jī)的行動(dòng)激化了矛盾，顯屬被告孫×林的錯(cuò)誤。但念及原告孫×杰住院期間，被告孫×林請假照顧，盡了一定的義務(wù)，原告孫×杰在被告孫×林結(jié)婚時(shí)給予一定的資助亦在情理之中。據(jù)此，依照《中華人民共和國民法通則》第一百一十七條的規(guī)定，《中華人民共和國收養(yǎng)法》第二十三條、第二十七條的規(guī)定判決如下：

一、原告孫×杰與被告孫×林解除養(yǎng)父子關(guān)系；

二、被告孫×林將電視機(jī)退還給原告孫×杰；

三、原告孫×杰付給被告孫×林3000元錢作為對被告孫×林結(jié)婚成家的資助。

本案案件訴訟費(fèi)用600元由原告孫×杰、被告孫×林各負(fù)擔(dān)一半。

如不服從本判決，可在判決書送達(dá)之日起15日內(nèi)，向本院遞交上訴訟狀，并按對方當(dāng)事人的人數(shù)提出副本，上訴于××××高級人民法院。

審判長

張××

人民陪審員

朱××

人民陪審員

王××

2001年12月3日

（院印）

本件與原起訴書

檢刑訴（）

號

被告人劉XX，男，19XX年X月X日出生，漢族，初中文化，被補(bǔ)前是XX市XX公司的一名勤雜工，住在該公司宿舍平房3排13號。2005年5月10日因涉嫌故意殺人罪被X市公安局刑事拘留，同年，5月15日，經(jīng)XX市人民檢察院批準(zhǔn)逮捕。

本案由XX市公安局偵查終結(jié)，XX市公安局X分訴字（2005）12號起訴意見書，以被告人劉XX故意殺人罪，于2005年5月20日向XX市人民檢察院移送審查起訴。本院受理后，告知補(bǔ)告人有權(quán)委托辯護(hù)人，劉XX委托律師王XX為其辯護(hù)。審查了全部案件材料。

經(jīng)依法審查查明：

劉XX在XX公司工作期間馬馬虎虎，責(zé)任心不強(qiáng)，自由散漫，經(jīng)常違反紀(jì)律，不遵守規(guī)章制度，多次受到公司經(jīng)理許XX等領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的批評教育。1998年9月又因偷拿公司職工香煙八包、襯衫一件和250元等財(cái)務(wù)，受到記過處分。

2005年2月，XX公司發(fā)放1999獎(jiǎng)金，劉XX因有偷摸行為未拿到獎(jiǎng)金，因而對公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)尤其是對公司經(jīng)理懷恨在心，蓄謀報(bào)復(fù)殺人。

2005年5月10日，劉xx上班后四處尋找作案工具，先到公司廚房想偷拿菜刀行兇，見廚房人多，不變下手，就走了；后又竄到木工房，見只有木工朱XX在干活，就上前與他閑聊，并謊稱要修理桌椅，想從木工房間借幾件工具，用完后一定及時(shí)歸還，于是經(jīng)朱XX同意，從木工房拿羊角錘一把、木工鑿一把，并藏于宿舍床下。

中午12時(shí)許，劉xx混進(jìn)公司辦公樓一層值班室，伺機(jī)報(bào)復(fù)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。1時(shí)許，許XX進(jìn)入三層經(jīng)理辦公室（333室）午休。1時(shí)30分許，劉XX竄到三樓輕輕推開333室房門，見許經(jīng)理在辦公室套間里午睡，而經(jīng)理秘書侯XX正在辦公室外屋沙發(fā)上休息，于是劉XX靈機(jī)一動(dòng)，輕輕推醒侯XX，將其叫到門外，謊稱有一件重要事情需要單獨(dú)向許經(jīng)理報(bào)告，請侯XX回避一下，另找地方休息。侯走后，許XX進(jìn)入333辦公室，先將門反鎖上，后竄入里間，趁許經(jīng)理在床上熟睡之機(jī)，取出藏匿在身的兇器羊角錘、木鑿，用羊角錘朝許經(jīng)理的頭部猛擊二三十下，后又對著許的面部、頸部和胸部使勁用羊角錘敲打、木工鑿扎刺十余下，致使許XX經(jīng)理顱骨粉碎性骨折，腦組織外溢，面部、頸部和胸部的創(chuàng)傷流血不止，當(dāng)即死亡。

劉XX作案后逃離現(xiàn)場，先逃到XX市長途汽車站，企圖乘車逃回老家，發(fā)現(xiàn)已有公安人員堵截，隨即轉(zhuǎn)到XX火車站，企圖坐火車逃往上海、杭州等地。當(dāng)晚8時(shí)許，劉XX被追捕的公安人員抓獲并立即予以刑事拘留。

認(rèn)定上述事實(shí)的證據(jù)如下：

（一）被告人劉XX供述；

（二）證人朱XX侯XX的陳述；

（三）法醫(yī)鑒定結(jié)論；

（四）作案工具（羊角錘一把，木工鑿一把。）

（五）被告人劉XX抓捕經(jīng)過。

本院認(rèn)為，被告人劉XX有明確的殺人目的與動(dòng)機(jī)，并且希望其行為能致使被害人死亡，其行為觸犯了《中華人民共和國刑法》第二百三十四條之規(guī)定，犯罪事實(shí)清楚，證據(jù)確實(shí)充分，應(yīng)當(dāng)以故意殺人罪追究被告人的刑事責(zé)任。根據(jù)《中華人民共和國刑事訴訟法》第一百四十一條之規(guī)定，提起公訴，請依法判處。

此致

XX市人民法院

2005年6月X日本核對無異

第三篇：民事判決書

民事判決書

（××××）×民再字第××號

原審原告（或原審上訴人）……（寫明姓名或名稱等基本情況）。

原審被告（或原審被上訴人）……（寫明姓名或名稱等基本情況）。

原審第三人……（寫明姓名或名稱等基本情況）。

（當(dāng)事人及其他訴訟參加人的列項(xiàng)和基本情況的寫法，與本院決定再審的案件用的民事判決書樣式相同。）

……（寫明原審當(dāng)事人的姓名或名稱和案由）一案，本院于××××年××月××日作出（××××）×民×字第××號民事判決（或裁定、調(diào)解協(xié)議），已經(jīng)發(fā)生法律效力。××××年××月××日，原審×告（或原審第三人）×××向本院申請?jiān)賹彛?jīng)審查該申請符合法律規(guī)定的再審條件。本院提起再審后，依法另行組成合議庭，公開（或不公開）開庭審理了本案。……（寫明參加再審的當(dāng)事人及其訴訟代理人等）到庭參加訴訟。本案現(xiàn)已審理終結(jié)。（未開庭的寫：“本院依法另行組成合議庭審理了本案，現(xiàn)已審理終結(jié)。”）

……（概要寫明原審生效判決認(rèn)定的主要事實(shí)、理由和判決結(jié)果，以及當(dāng)事人申請?jiān)賹彽闹饕碛膳c請求）。

經(jīng)再審查明，……（寫明再審認(rèn)定的事實(shí)和證據(jù)）。

本院認(rèn)為，……（根據(jù)再審查明的事實(shí)，著重論述原審生效判決是否正確，申請人提出的理由能否成立，闡明應(yīng)予改判，如何改判或者應(yīng)當(dāng)維持原判的理由）。

依照……（寫明判決所依據(jù)的法律條款項(xiàng)）的規(guī)定，判決如下：

……（寫明判決結(jié)果）。

……（寫明訴訟費(fèi)用的負(fù)擔(dān)。維持原判的，此項(xiàng)不寫）。

……（按第一審程序再審的，寫：“如不服本判決，可在判決書送達(dá)之日起十五日內(nèi)，向本院遞交上訴狀，并按對方當(dāng)事人的人數(shù)提出副本，上訴于××××人民法院。”按第二審程序再審的，寫：“本判決為終審判決。”）。

審判長 ×××

審判員 ×××

審判員 ×××

××××年××月××日

（院印）

本件與原本核對無異

書記員 ×××

第四篇：民事判決書

* * * 縣 人 民 法 院

民 事 判 決 書

（2005）×民初字第001號

原告肖亮,男,1967年出生，漢族，農(nóng)民，住****。被繼承人肖立的次子。委托代理人，**律師事務(wù)所律師。

被告肖鵬，男,1988年出生，漢族，農(nóng)民，住****。被繼承人肖立的孫子。委托代理人，**律師事務(wù)所律師。

被告肖哲,男,****年出生，漢族，農(nóng)民，住****。被繼承人肖立的二哥的兒子。

委托代理人，**律師事務(wù)所律師。

原告肖亮與被告肖鵬、肖哲繼承糾紛一案，本院受理后，依法組成合議庭，公開開庭進(jìn)行了審理。原告肖亮及其委托代理人、被告肖鵬及其委托代理人、被告肖哲及其委托代理人等到庭參加訴訟。本案現(xiàn)已審理終結(jié)。

原告肖亮訴稱，他是被繼承人肖立的次子,肖明是長子、肖鵬系肖明的兒子。被繼承人肖立2000年離家后下落不明，經(jīng)申請于2002年被宣告死亡。原告肖亮于2004年6月證實(shí)肖立于2004年5月17日病死，并立有兩份代書遺囑和自書遺囑，肖明于2003年死于車禍。請求法院撤銷宣告死亡的判決、判令120平方米的房屋由原告肖亮繼承、古畫5幅由被告肖鵬繼承、存款23萬元由原告肖亮和被告肖鵬共同繼承、確認(rèn)被告肖哲沒有繼承權(quán)。

被告肖鵬辯稱，被繼承人肖立被宣告死亡后，原告肖亮對是否繼承遺產(chǎn)沒有明確表示，遺產(chǎn)已實(shí)際由被告肖明繼承，肖明死亡后，由被告肖鵬繼承肖明的遺產(chǎn)。自此原告肖亮的權(quán)利已受侵犯，至2004年6月已超兩年時(shí)間的訴訟時(shí)效，原告請求繼承肖立遺產(chǎn)不受法律保護(hù)，應(yīng)駁回原告的訴訟請求。肖哲得知肖立自書遺囑由其繼承古畫二幅和存款5萬元后，即提出繼承的主張，并未超過兩個(gè)月的期限，其享的繼承權(quán)，古畫二幅和存款5萬元應(yīng)由其繼承。

被告肖哲辯稱，肖立所立由他繼承古畫二幅和存款5萬元的遺囑合法有效，且他在得知有該遺囑后即主張按該繼承，沒有超兩個(gè)月時(shí)間，因此他有繼承遺產(chǎn)的權(quán)利。

本案雙方當(dāng)事人經(jīng)庭審陳述、舉證、質(zhì)證和辯論，對下列事實(shí)無異議，本院予以確認(rèn)：

肖立生于1935年，早年喪偶，1960年生長子肖明，肖明于1985年娶妻李利，1988年生被告肖鵬；原告肖亮生于1967年，至今未婚；被告肖哲是肖立二哥的兒子。1995年被繼承人肖立在一次與兒媳發(fā)生口角后離家出走，6年時(shí)間未與家里聯(lián)系，原告肖亮和肖明經(jīng)多方尋找沒有肖立的任何音訊，為此原告肖亮和肖明于2002年向本院申請宣告肖立死亡，本院于同年判決宣告肖立死亡。肖立的遺產(chǎn)有：古畫5幅、存款23萬元、120平方米房屋1套。繼承發(fā)生后，肖明和被告肖鵬表示愿意接受繼承，原告肖亮未作任何表示，但繼續(xù)與肖明居住于120平方米的套房內(nèi)，2003年肖明在一次車禍中死亡。2004年6月，原告肖亮得知被繼承人肖立于2004年5月17日病死，生前留有兩份遺囑：2001年按法律要求自書遺囑1份，遺囑內(nèi)容為“古畫5幅由長子繼承，房屋1套由次子繼承”；2004年2月10日按法律要求代書遺囑1份，該遺囑內(nèi)容“古畫2幅、存款5萬元由侄子肖哲繼承”。原告肖亮主張要求接遺囑繼承，并和肖鵬共同繼承存款23萬元；被告肖哲亦主張要求按遺囑繼承，受到被告肖鵬的拒絕，為此引起糾份，訴至本院。

原告肖亮提供以下證據(jù)證實(shí):

1、當(dāng)?shù)毓簿峙沙鏊鼍叩摹稇艏C明》證實(shí)：原告肖亮系肖立的次子，肖明系長子，肖鵬系肖明的兒子，肖哲系肖立二哥的兒子；

2、本院判決書證實(shí)：肖立失蹤6年時(shí)間，2002年經(jīng)原告肖亮和肖明的申請，本院查實(shí)后宣告肖立死亡。

3、當(dāng)?shù)嘏沙鏊鼍叩摹缎っ魉劳鲎C明》證實(shí)：肖明于2003年因車禍死亡；

4、某醫(yī)院證明證實(shí)：肖立于2004年5月17日病故。

5、遺囑2份證實(shí)：2001年肖立按法律要求自書遺囑1份，遺囑內(nèi)容為“古畫5幅由長子繼承，房屋1套由次子繼承”；2004年2月10日接法律要求代書遺囑1份，該遺囑內(nèi)容“古畫2幅、存款5萬元由侄子肖哲繼承”。

對雙方爭議的原告肖亮是否超過訴訟時(shí)效時(shí)效問題及被宣告死亡時(shí)間與實(shí)際死亡時(shí)間不符如何認(rèn)定繼承時(shí)間問題、肖哲是否有繼承權(quán)問題，本院查明：

1、原告肖亮是否超過訴訟時(shí)效問題。

被告肖鵬辯稱，肖立被宣告死亡后，原告肖亮沒有主張繼承權(quán)，而肖立的遺產(chǎn)已實(shí)際由肖明繼承，自此原告的權(quán)利已受侵犯時(shí)，到2004年6月已超過兩年的訴訟時(shí)效，因此。

原告認(rèn)為，肖立被宣告死亡后，他沒有表示接受繼承，依法律規(guī)定應(yīng)視為接受繼承。他仍和肖明、被告肖鵬居住肖立的遺產(chǎn)120平方米房屋里，因此肖立的遺產(chǎn)并非分隔，不存在原告的權(quán)利受侵犯的事實(shí)，他在2004年知悉肖立立有遺囑后，方主張自己的繼承權(quán)，并非超過兩年的訴訟時(shí)效。

本院認(rèn)為，肖立被宣告死亡以及肖明死亡后，原告肖亮仍與被告肖鵬共同居住在肖立的遺產(chǎn)120平方米的房屋內(nèi)，且古畫五幅和存款23萬元亦共同保管，其遺產(chǎn)尚未進(jìn)行分割，原告肖亮的權(quán)利尚未受到侵害，當(dāng)原告肖亮知悉肖立實(shí)際死亡時(shí)間及立有兩份遺囑后，方主張繼承的權(quán)利，而受到肖鵬拒絕時(shí)，其權(quán)利始受到侵犯，未超過兩年的訴訟時(shí)效。因此對被告肖鵬的主張不予支持。

2、當(dāng)發(fā)生宣告死亡時(shí)間與實(shí)際死亡時(shí)間不符時(shí)，應(yīng)如何認(rèn)定繼承時(shí)間問題。原告訴稱，宣告肖立死亡時(shí)間與肖立實(shí)際死亡時(shí)間不符，而產(chǎn)生當(dāng)事人利益沖突時(shí)，應(yīng)以實(shí)際死亡時(shí)間認(rèn)定繼承時(shí)間。

被告辯稱，肖立被宣告死亡后即為繼承時(shí)間，不應(yīng)以肖立實(shí)際死亡時(shí)間認(rèn)定。

本院認(rèn)為，本院業(yè)已查明，被繼承人肖立被宣告死亡后，其遺產(chǎn)尚未分割，現(xiàn)已確定肖立實(shí)際死亡時(shí)間，且已查明肖立生前立有兩份遺囑，從而使被繼承人的利益發(fā)生沖突，依法應(yīng)確定肖立實(shí)際死亡時(shí)間為開始繼承的時(shí)間。原告肖亮的主張符合法律規(guī)定，應(yīng)予以支持。

3、肖哲是否有繼承權(quán)的問題。

原告訴稱，被告肖哲明知肖立立有自書遺囑，而在二個(gè)月內(nèi)沒有表示是否接受繼承，喪失了繼承權(quán)利。

被告肖哲辯稱，其獲知肖立立有遺囑由其繼承古畫二幅及存款5萬元時(shí)是在2004年6月，知悉后即主張依遺囑繼承的權(quán)利，并未超過兩個(gè)月時(shí)間，因此應(yīng)認(rèn)定肖立所立的遺囑有效，應(yīng)依該遺囑繼承。

本院認(rèn)為，原告并沒有證據(jù)證明在2004年6月前被告肖哲知道肖立立有遺囑的事實(shí)，其得知受遺贈(zèng)時(shí)間應(yīng)認(rèn)定為2004年6月，其表示接受繼承時(shí)并未超過兩個(gè)月時(shí)間，因此應(yīng)依遺囑享有繼承權(quán)。對原告肖亮的該主張不予支持。綜上所述，本院認(rèn)為，原告肖亮與肖明系被繼承人肖立的兒子，應(yīng)列為第一順序繼承人，肖明先于肖立死亡，應(yīng)由被繼承人肖立的子女的晚輩直系血親，即被告肖鵬代位繼承。對宣告死亡的判決予以撤銷，確認(rèn)肖立實(shí)際死亡時(shí)間2004年5月17日為繼承開始的時(shí)間。被繼承人肖立在生前先后依法律規(guī)定立有代書遺囑和自書遺囑，該兩份遺囑均合法有效，但后一份遺囑內(nèi)容與前一份遺囑內(nèi)容相抵觸，應(yīng)以最后一份遺囑為準(zhǔn)。遺囑未列部分的遺產(chǎn)，應(yīng)由法寶繼承人，即原告肖亮和被告肖鵬共同繼承。即120平方米的房屋一套由原告肖亮繼承、古畫三幅由被告肖鵬繼承、古畫二幅及存款5萬元由被告肖哲繼承、存款18萬元由原告肖亮和被告肖鵬共同繼承。依照《中華人民共和國繼承法》第二條、第八條、第十一條、第十二條、第十六條、第十七條、條二十條、第二十五條之規(guī)定，判決如下：

一、撤銷本院于2001年宣告被繼承人肖立死亡的判決。

二、遺產(chǎn)120平方米一套、存款9萬元由原告肖亮繼承。

三、遺產(chǎn)古畫三幅、存款9萬元由被告肖鵬繼承。

四、遺產(chǎn)古畫二幅、存款5萬元由被告肖哲繼承。

案件受理費(fèi)6000元，其他訴訟費(fèi)用3000元，則原告肖亮負(fù)擔(dān)4000元，被告

肖鵬負(fù)責(zé)3000元、被告肖哲負(fù)擔(dān)2000元。

如不服本判決，可在判決書送達(dá)之日起十五日內(nèi)，向本院遞交上訴狀，并按對方當(dāng)事人的人數(shù)提出副本，上訴于××××人民法院。

審判長 ×××

審判員 ×××

2005

本件與原本核對無異

審判員 ××× 年6月25日（院印）書記員 ×××

第五篇：民事判決書

XX市XX區(qū)人民法院

民事判決書

2010X民初字第034號

原告：張XX，女，漢，1989年9月7日出生，X省X縣人，大學(xué)在讀，XXXX大學(xué)09級學(xué)生，住XXXX大學(xué)X棟xxx

號寢室。

委托代理人：李XX，XX律師事務(wù)所律師

被告：王XX，男，漢，1990年6月10日出生，X省X縣人，在校大學(xué)生，XXXX大學(xué)09級學(xué)生，現(xiàn)住XXXX大學(xué)XX

棟XXX號寢室。

辯護(hù) 人： 吳XX，XX律師事務(wù)所律師

原告張XX訴被告王XX人身傷害賠償一案，本院受理后，依法組成合議庭，公開開庭審理。本案當(dāng)事人原告張XX，委托代理人李XX，被告王XX，辯護(hù)人吳XX，證人韓XX、韋XX、王XX、羅XX到庭參加

訴訟，本案現(xiàn)已審理終結(jié)。

原告訴稱：2010年9月3日，原告與被告因感情糾紛，在XXXX大

學(xué)人工湖涼亭處發(fā)生爭執(zhí)，原告以用水果刀自殺威脅被告不要與其分

手，被告奪過水果刀，阻止其自殺，但是在過后的爭斗中，原告身體

失去平衡時(shí)向被告倒去時(shí)，故意制造過失與意外，將原告腹部刺傷，造成原告輕微傷害，住院治療一個(gè)多月，故要求被告賠償原告住院費(fèi)

3000.00元，醫(yī)療費(fèi)3600.00元，營養(yǎng)費(fèi)800.00元，交通費(fèi)300.00

元，精神損失費(fèi)6000.00元，共計(jì)13700.00元。

被告辯稱：原告被水果刀刺傷，純屬意外事件，根據(jù)法律的相關(guān)規(guī)定，不承擔(dān)原告的上述費(fèi)用，但是出于道義，愿意給予原告4000.00元的慰問費(fèi)用。

經(jīng)審理查明：2010年9月3日，原告與被告因感情糾紛，在XXXX大學(xué)人工湖涼亭處發(fā)生爭執(zhí)，在爭執(zhí)過程中，被告奪下原告欲用來自殺的水果刀，阻止其自殺，在后面的爭執(zhí)中，原告腳下一滑，身體失去平衡，倒向被告，被告忙去撐扶，被告由于大意沒有預(yù)見到自己手中的水果刀會(huì)將原告刺傷，導(dǎo)致原告的腹部被水果刀刺傷，造成原告輕微傷害，住院一個(gè)多月，從而產(chǎn)生住院費(fèi)3000.00元，醫(yī)療費(fèi)3600.00元，營養(yǎng)費(fèi)800.00元，交通費(fèi)300.00元，精神損失費(fèi)6000.00元，共計(jì)13700.00元。后因賠償費(fèi)用發(fā)生爭執(zhí)，訴至本院。上述事實(shí)有原告的陳述，被告的辯稱，證人證言，水果刀等證明，事實(shí)清楚，證據(jù)確實(shí)充分，足以認(rèn)定。

本院認(rèn)為：被告因過失導(dǎo)致原告身體受到傷害，理應(yīng)賠償，原告之請求應(yīng)予支持，被告以意外事件不應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任之主張不予支持。本案中原告受到傷害，被告應(yīng)負(fù)全部責(zé)任，由于是原告自己不小心滑到，被告出于好心，過失導(dǎo)致原告受傷的，所以原告之精神損失費(fèi)用4000.00元的請求不予支持。為此，依照《中華人民共和國民法通則》第 一百零六條、第一百一十九條之規(guī)定，判決如下：

1、被告應(yīng)于本判決生效之后賠償原告住院費(fèi)住院費(fèi)住院費(fèi)3000.00元，醫(yī)療費(fèi)3600.00元，營養(yǎng)費(fèi)800.00元，交通費(fèi)300.00

2元，精神損失費(fèi)6000.00元，共計(jì)13700.00元

2、本案訴訟費(fèi)500.00元由被告承擔(dān)。

如不服本判決，可在判決書送達(dá)之日第二日起15日內(nèi)，向本院或直接向XX市中級人民法院提起上訴，其中上交上訴狀1份，副本2份。

（本卷與原本核對無異議）

2010

審判長：李XX 審判員：韓XX 審判員：鳴XX 年11月19日（院印）書記員：仲XX 3