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第一篇：定語從句語法講解及練習(xí)教案學(xué)習(xí)的啊學(xué)習(xí)的武器學(xué)習(xí)的武器

學(xué)英語簡單嗎？肯定會有許多學(xué)生說：“難死了”。

為什么有好多學(xué)生對英語的學(xué)習(xí)都感到頭疼呢？答案只有一個(gè)：“不得法?！?英語與漢語一樣都是一種語言，為什么你說漢語會如此流利？那是因?yàn)槟阒蒙碛谝粋€(gè)漢語環(huán)境中，如果你在倫敦呆上半年，保準(zhǔn)說起英語來會非常流利。但很多中學(xué)生沒有很好的英語環(huán)境，那么你可以自己設(shè)置一個(gè)英語環(huán)境，堅(jiān)持“多說”、“多聽”、“多讀”、“多寫”，那么你的英語成績肯定會很出色。

一、多“說”。

或許你有機(jī)會碰上外國人，你應(yīng)大膽地上去跟他打招呼，和他談天氣、談風(fēng)景、談學(xué)?！皇莿e問及他的年紀(jì)，婚史等私人問題。盡量用一些你學(xué)過的詞匯，句子去和他談天說地。不久你會發(fā)現(xiàn)與老外聊天要比你與中國人談英語容易的多。因?yàn)樗湍憬徽剷r(shí)會用許多簡單詞匯，而且不太看重說法，你只要發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確，準(zhǔn)能順利地交流下去。只是你必須要有信心，敢于表達(dá)自己的思想。

如果沒有合適的伙伴也沒關(guān)系，你可以拿過一本書或其它什么東西做假想對象，對它談你一天的所見所聞，談你的快樂，你的悲傷等等，長此堅(jiān)持下去你的口語肯定會有較大的提高。

二、多“聽”

尋找一切可以聽英語的機(jī)會。別人用英語交談時(shí)，你應(yīng)該大膽地去參與，多聽聽各種各樣人的發(fā)音，男女老少，節(jié)奏快的慢的你都應(yīng)該接觸到，如果這樣的機(jī)會少的話，你可以選擇你不知內(nèi)容的文章去聽，這將會對你幫助很大，而你去聽學(xué)過的課文的磁帶，那將會對你的語言語調(diào)的學(xué)習(xí)有很大的幫助。

三、多“讀”。

“讀”可以分為兩種。一種是“默讀”。每天給予一定時(shí)間的練習(xí)將會對你提高閱讀速度有很大的好處，讀的內(nèi)容可以是你的課本，但最好是一些有趣的小讀物，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的英語高考越來越重視閱讀量和閱讀速度。每道題的得分都與你的理解程度有很大關(guān)系，所以經(jīng)過高中三年閱讀的訓(xùn)練后，你必定會在高考中勝券在握。另一種是“朗讀”這是學(xué)語言必不可少的一種學(xué)習(xí)途徑。

四、多“寫”

學(xué)習(xí)英語不用花大塊的時(shí)間，10分鐘的散步可以練“說”,吃完飯后可以讀一會兒英語小說，睡前聽幾分鐘英語，可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些時(shí)間來練英語，你的英語成績肯定會很快提高的。

背英語單詞技巧

1、循環(huán)記憶法

艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線

人的大腦是一個(gè)記憶的寶庫，人腦經(jīng)歷過的事物，思考過的問題，體驗(yàn)過的情感和情緒，練習(xí)過的動作，都可以成為人們記憶的內(nèi)容。例如英文的學(xué)習(xí)中單詞、短語和句子，甚至文章的內(nèi)容都是通過記憶完成的。從“記”到“憶”是有個(gè)過程的，這其中包括了識記、保持、再認(rèn)和回憶。有很多人在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中，只注重了學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)時(shí)的記憶效果，孰不知，要想做好學(xué)習(xí)的記憶工作，是要下一番工夫的，單純的注重當(dāng)時(shí)的記憶效果，而忽視了后期的保持和再認(rèn)同樣是達(dá)不到良好的效果的。

雅思閱讀題目出題的本質(zhì)是三種替換：同義詞/詞組替換，句型替換，語法替換，筆者將從這三方面根據(jù)學(xué)生課堂筆記進(jìn)行分類整理。以下是劍橋真題中的考點(diǎn)詞,替換詞,一次多義總結(jié)：

1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不變的

2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明顯的，程度大的/substantial

3.approximately 將近-nearly, almost

4.proportion/ percentage 比例

5.be involved(in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，參與

6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鑒于

考慮到，盡管

6.induce [v] 引入，引導(dǎo)，引誘/ inductive [n] 歸納 >< deduce /deductive推斷

7.fortune/ destiny/ chances

8.deplete 開采完，耗盡/ exhaust –exhaust emission(尾氣)排放/ exploit 9.complex 錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，復(fù)雜的

10.capacity能力，容量/ competence（競爭）能力/ ability 能力（籠統(tǒng)的）

11.確保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure(insure)/ guarantee 押金

12.solely/ merely/ only

13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花樣，品種/ a great rang 系列 of

14.pesticide 殺蟲/ suicide 自殺/ homicide/ murder殺人

15.believe/ assume(responsibility)/ suppose

16.授權(quán)，委托：authorize/ commission 傭金/ entitle 頭銜 + ment =right（權(quán)利）

17.purchase/ buy

18.ethnic 種族的/ ethic 倫理，道德的 + s =[n ]

19.modify/ change [v] shift work 輪班工作[n]

20.insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing

21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit

22.circumstance 環(huán)境（社會）/ surroundings/ environment 環(huán)境（環(huán)保）背景 background 后臺 / settings后臺，布景/ context 上下文（文章中）

23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的>

24.移民：immigrant(進(jìn)來)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant

25.興旺，繁榮；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行業(yè)）/flourishing

26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred

27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic(in-, non-無毒的)

28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal

29.類似于：look like/ resemble

30.chronic長期的,慢性的— long-term 長期的

31.網(wǎng)戀：virtual love/ cyber love

32.網(wǎng)友：on-line /net/ cyber friend 上網(wǎng)（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/網(wǎng)吧

33.evolve-evolution 進(jìn)化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋轉(zhuǎn)/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及

34.indicator/ predictor 表示詮釋，預(yù)測

35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray

36.therapist /expert/ specialist

37.優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長處，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length

38.commonest/ frequent

39.未開發(fā)的，初級的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped

40.退化：degenerate/-tion [n]->generate 生產(chǎn)，制造/ degrade->grade 等級/ deteriorate 惡化，每況愈下

41.分類：category-categorize/ class-classify

42.consequence后果->影響/ subsequence緊跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency頻率

43.clash 沖突（民族，種族）/crash 飛機(jī)墜毀

44.substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace

45.alternative=> 選擇性，代替性，輔助性

46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔絕，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate(-ior)絕緣，隔熱（體）

47．缺點(diǎn)，不足之處：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback

48.創(chuàng)新的，發(fā)明的，新穎的，創(chuàng)新的：inventive(-tion)/ innovative(-tion)/ creative(-tion)/ ingenious(ity)/novel(-ty)=>[n]/creative/revolutionary

易錯(cuò)拼寫：environment/ convenient

49．neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消極，陰性的 /positive 肯定，積極，陽性的

50．a(chǎn)mbiguous->ambiguity 模棱兩可的，曖昧的/obscure

51.communicate 溝通，傳達(dá)，通報(bào)

52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 適應(yīng)，調(diào)整，3=hold 容納，4使…?？?/p>

53.commitment 1 ~ to sth 奉獻(xiàn) 2 責(zé)任,義務(wù)

54．contribute to 導(dǎo)致 ~ result in /account for(占據(jù))導(dǎo)致

54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack(of)/ short(of)

55.強(qiáng)調(diào)：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on

英語作文常用諺語、俗語

1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.說謊者即使講真話也沒人相信。

2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.一知半解，自欺欺人。

3、All rivers run into sea.海納百川。

4、All roads lead to Rome.條條大路通羅馬。

5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只會用功不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。

6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善終。

7、Actions speak louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。

8、A faithful friend is hard to find.知音難覓。

9、A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見真情。

10、A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友難，失朋友易。

11、A good beginning is half done.良好的開端是成功的一半。

12、A good beginning makes a good ending.善始者善終。

13、A good book is a good friend.好書如摯友。

14、A good medicine tastes bitter.良藥苦口。

15、A mother's love never changes.母愛永恒。

16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一蘋果，不用請醫(yī)生。

17、A single flower does not make a spring.一花獨(dú)放不是春，百花齊放春滿園。

18、A year's plan starts with spring.一年之計(jì)在于春。

19、A young idler, an old beggar.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。

20、Better late than never.不怕慢，單怕站。

21、By reading we enrich the mind.讀書使人充實(shí)，22、Care and diligence bring luck.謹(jǐn)慎和勤奮才能抓住機(jī)遇。

23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是走向成功的第一步。

24、Custom is a second nature.習(xí)慣是后天養(yǎng)成的。

25、Custom makes all things easy.有個(gè)好習(xí)慣，事事皆不難。

26、Doing is better than saying.與其掛在嘴上，不如落實(shí)在行動上。

27、Do nothing by halves.凡事不可半途而廢。

28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事，今日畢。

29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻煩。

30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起身體好。

31、Easier said than done.說得容易，做得難。

32、Easy come, easy go.來也匆匆，去也匆匆。

33、Eat to live, but not live to eat.人吃飯是為了活著，但活著不是為了吃飯。

34、Every man has his faults.金無足赤，人無完人。

35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命運(yùn)自己掌握。

36、Every minute counts.分秒必爭。

37、Each coin has two sides.38、Fact speak louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。

39、Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。

40、God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。

41、Health is better than wealth.健康勝過財(cái)富。

42、Honesty is the best policy.做人誠信為本。

43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.抱最好的愿望，做最壞的打算。

44、It is never too old to learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。

45、Knowledge is power.知識就是力量

46、Like mother, like daughter.有其母必有其女。

47、No pain，no gain.（不勞無獲。）

48、You never know till you have tried.不嘗試，不知曉。

49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奮是成功之母。

51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy

and wise.早睡早起，使人健康、52、Experience is the best teacher.經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最好的教師。

53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set

富裕和聰穎。

54、Where there's a will, there's a way.有志者事竟成。

55、Practice makes perfect ．（熟能生巧。）

56、Pride goes before a fall．（驕傲必?cái)?。?/p>

Superstar and I It’s common that many students are crazy about those singers and actors.However, liyundi, a pianist, is the superstar in my heart.He is a man of few words and he even looks like the greatest pianist—Chopin.When listening to his music , I can get rid of everything noisy around.What’s more, I can feel his strong love for music.Rome wasn’t built in one day.He achieved the great success through huge effort.I can learn from him that we should never give up to realize our dreams.Superstar and I Her name first appeared as a joke then like a wonder.She is Susan Boyle, the superstar in my heart.Although she’s not beautiful, her voice and spirit moved all the audience, including me.The song ’I dreamed a dream’ that she sang touched everyone’s heart who had a dream and wanted to realize it.She taught me how to go on my dreams as well as never to give up.She is like a sunshine that gives me hope.Where there is a will, there is a way.The Attributive Clause 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。

定語從句中被修飾的名詞或代詞叫“先行詞”，它往往放在定語從句之前。

引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose）和關(guān)系副詞（where, when, why）.e.g;(1)The story that I read just now is encouraging.(2)I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.1.由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句。

（1）that既可指人也可指物，在從句中作主語或賓語。e.g;The girl that wears a pair of sunglasses is so modern.Let’ ask the man that is reading the book over there.I will never forget the days that we spent together last year.She likes the flowers that I bought for her yesterday.(2)which 只能指物；可作主語或賓語。

e.g: The tress which they planted didn’t need much water.That is the machine which your Dad sent me.(3).Who在從句中可作主語或賓語；whom只能作賓語。

e.g: The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.I don’t know the man who/whom you talked to just now.The boy who broke the window is called Michael.(4).whose在從句中作定語。

e.g: The boy whose parents were killed in the earthquake is studying in Beijing.I’d like to live in the house whose windows face to the South.2.由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句——關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語。

e.g.I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.We’ll never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm.This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the center of the city.There are few reasons why we can’t do that.He couldn’t give the teacher a good reason why he was absent yesterday 3.非.限制性定語從句

John, who speaks Spanish, works there.4.介詞加which/whom相當(dāng)于一關(guān)系副詞 5．of which/ whom 相當(dāng)于 whose.注（1）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略。

（2）限制性定語從句中只能用that的情況：

1）當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 時(shí)。

e.g: Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?

You should hand in all that you have.The police caught the one that set fire on the bus in Chengdu.2)當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all等詞修飾時(shí)。

e.g: There is little meat in the fridge that we can use.today

This is the very person that I’m waiting for.The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.3)當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)。

e.g: This is the best that has been used against pollution.This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.He is the best man that can finish the work.4)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。

e.g: This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.What is the first American film that you have seen.?

5)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。

e.g: Do you know the things and persons that they are talking?

(3)定語從句中只能用which的情況：

1）在非限制性定語從句中。

e.g.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him.2)當(dāng)動詞短語中的介詞提前時(shí)。

e.g.This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner.(4)定語從句中的特殊情況。

1）由關(guān)系代詞as 引導(dǎo)的。

As既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，賓語或表語。

Such + n.+ as…..像。。。一樣的，像。。之類的The same + n.+as… 和。。同樣的

e.g.We have found such material as are used in their factory.These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.He is not the same man as he was.2）as/ which代指前面整個(gè)句子時(shí)：

e.g.He was late for class, which made the teacher very angry.Liuxiang got the first place in this competition, which made him very popular.His mother asked him to study hard again and again, which didn’t help.Knowledge is power, as Francis Bacon wrote in 1597.As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.（1）As引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句位置很靈活可位于句首、句中或句末，而which引導(dǎo)的不能。位于句首

（2）as常常譯為“正如，好象”，而which則無。

e.g.__________ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.A.It

B.As

C.That

D.What

3)當(dāng)先行詞是way意為“方式、方法”時(shí)：

What surprised me was not what he said but the way in which / that he said it.The way that which

/ he explained to us was quite simple.4)where的特殊情況。

The media can help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed.The accident had reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.I can think of many cases_____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.A.why

B.which

C.as

D.where

定語從句練習(xí)（附答案）

1.we shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of _______ are healthy.A.that

B.which

C.what

D.whom 2.Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ________ they learn simple games and songs.A.then

B.there

C.while

D.where 3.They can find whatever they need in the supermarket, ________ is always busy on Sundays.A.which

B.when

C.where

D.who 4.There is such a problem _______ we all should _______.A.as;pay attention to it

B.that;attract our attention

C.as;pay attention to

D.that;attract our attention to it 5.”I’d like to give my thanks to those________ help my son will be able to survive his terrible disease,” said the woman on TV.A.who

B.that

C.with whose

D.with their 6.The CCTV Tower,________base is an electrical equipment shop, is frequently visited by travelers.A.which

B.whose

C.its

D.that 7.There are two rooms on the first floor,_______ is used as a guest room.A.a smaller of which

B.a smaller of them C.the smaller of which

D.the smaller of them 8.After graduation she reached a point in her career _______ she needed to decide what to do.A.that

B.what

C.which

D.where 9.His movie won several awards at the film festival, ________ was beyond his wildest dream.A.which

B.that

C.where

D.it 10.I was given three books on cooking, the first _______ I really enjoyed.A.of that

B.of which

C.that

D.which 11.This is Mr.White, _______ I think has something interesting to tell you.A.which

B.whom

C.that

D.who 12.Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ________ people were eaten by the tiger.A.in which

B.by which

C.which

D.that 13.Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases_________ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.A.which

B.as

C.why

D.where 14.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing.A.when

B.whose

C.which

D.where 15.Last year the Browns moved to Toronto, ________ they had long dreamed of living in.A.where

B.which

C.in which

D.whose 16.When people talk about the cities in France, the first _________ comes into mind is Paris.A.one

B.which

C.that

D.what 17.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _________ they can’t be controlled on purpose.A.with which

B.to which

C.of which

D.for which 18.Look out!Don’t get too close to the house ________ roof is under repair.A.whose

B.which

C.how

D./ 19.You’ll have to wait for one more week, _______ the manager will be back from his trip.A.before

B.when

C.as

D.until 20.Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ________ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.A.that

B.which

C.who

D.where 21.He was educated at the local high school, _______ he went on to Beijing University.A.after which

B.after that

C.in which

D.in that 22.----Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

----Yes, there is one point _______ we must insist on.A.why

B.where

C.how

D./ 23.Women ________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _________ don’t.A.who;/

B./;who

C.who;who

D./;/ 24._______ I explained on the phone, your advice will be considered at the next meeting.A.When

B.After

C.As

D.Since 25.Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects the people are still suffering.A.that

B.whose

C.those

D.what 26.Do you still remember the chicken farm _________ we visited three months ago?

A.where

B.when

C.that

D.what

有的同學(xué)總是抱怨時(shí)間緊，根本沒時(shí)間寫作文。其實(shí)“寫”的形式很多，不一定就寫作文才提高寫作能力。比如寫下你一天中發(fā)生的一些重要的事情，或當(dāng)天學(xué)了某一個(gè)詞組，你可以創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)語境恰如其份地用上這個(gè)詞。這樣即可幫你記住這個(gè)詞的用法，又可以鍛煉你的寫作能力，比如學(xué)“wish”一詞時(shí)，可寫一小段如下： The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different.I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.口語是需要技巧的。光靠大膽自信還不夠。關(guān)鍵是系統(tǒng)的方法。我是英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)的，英語八級，現(xiàn)在當(dāng)翻譯，在大學(xué)時(shí)去英語角，上課發(fā)言等都不管用，一度非常苦惱。后來發(fā)現(xiàn)口語練習(xí)需要系統(tǒng)的方法。建議你按照我的方法做。

買個(gè)口語軟件，口語寶或者右腦王都不錯(cuò)。

1語音階段，照軟件的內(nèi)容練，一天倆小時(shí)，最多一個(gè)月，語音可以過關(guān)。無論你的基礎(chǔ)怎么樣。切記一定要仔細(xì)認(rèn)真模仿糾正模仿在模仿。

2篇章階段，根據(jù)軟件上的資料，句子，語音，語調(diào)，斷句，停頓，高低，節(jié)奏，長短等等，越細(xì)越好，模仿，對比，模仿，糾正，再模仿。不求量只求質(zhì)。同樣一個(gè)月，明顯可以提高。3電影階段，看英語電影。每句話聽五遍以上，看看能聽懂幾個(gè)單詞。在看漢語五遍，看看能聽懂幾個(gè)詞組，再看英語五遍以上。然后倒過來從英語字幕到漢語字幕到無字幕，五遍以上。冰河世紀(jì)這部影片夠你看兩個(gè)月，五分鐘的影片可以看兩小時(shí)以上。4與人交流?，F(xiàn)在開始舍棄軟件，自信大膽的與中國人，別管對錯(cuò)，把自己想說的說出來。與老外更好。記住耐心模仿，細(xì)心比較，持之以恒，反反復(fù)復(fù)，1,2個(gè)月以后你的口語一定很棒。

你是外企的白領(lǐng)要經(jīng)常的說英語哦，這個(gè)很正常的哦，如果你要學(xué)英語口語的話，那么對如何學(xué)習(xí)英語口語我有一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。我建議你可以跟我一樣報(bào)個(gè)電話英語培訓(xùn)啊。現(xiàn)在的電話英語還很很好了，電話英語，只通過聲音傳遞內(nèi)容上課，所以要求學(xué)生要有更高的注意力，因此對提高聽力有很大的幫助，同時(shí)在聽他人說話的同時(shí)，自己也要開口說話，這種學(xué)習(xí)方式被認(rèn)為是鍛煉聽力和口語的最佳方法，還有，電話英語最大的優(yōu)勢就是將上課內(nèi)容全程錄音可以供課后復(fù)習(xí)。而且時(shí)間安排可以在你的工作空余時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)英語口語哦，如何學(xué)習(xí)英語口語的必備條件—語言環(huán)境?？谡Z是交流、是聽和說。學(xué)習(xí)任何一種語言，首先要聽懂，然后才學(xué)說話?？谡Z不可以自學(xué)。學(xué)習(xí)英語口語必須進(jìn)入英文語言環(huán)境。每天聽的都是英文，也必須講英文。中國學(xué)生為什么不會講英文？因?yàn)橹袊挠⑽睦蠋煷蟛糠植恢v英文，用中文上英文課。學(xué)生在英文課上不講英文，大部分還是講中文。1 如何學(xué)好英語口語--學(xué)習(xí)英文口語最好是英文母語老師—即外教。英文為母語的老師，從小生活在英文的環(huán)境里。知道各種生活場景、生活內(nèi)容的英文用語，并且他們的發(fā)音純正，只有他們才可以教好口語。就像外國人要學(xué)中文，一定要請中國的老師。所有這里我向你推薦恩京電話英語培訓(xùn)學(xué)校，真是不錯(cuò)的，外教通過電話一對一教授日常口語，商務(wù)口語，雅思口語.面試英語，外貿(mào)口語,青少年英語等，每天回到家，晚上可以學(xué)10-20分鐘，而且時(shí)間，外教都可以任選，均有指定教材，外教都是很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師，報(bào)名后每位學(xué)員在網(wǎng)站上都有專屬學(xué)習(xí)地盤，每晚上課時(shí)外教會就你的問題當(dāng)時(shí)提出糾正，上課后會在學(xué)員的學(xué)習(xí)地盤中留下當(dāng)晚學(xué)習(xí)的詳細(xì)評語和學(xué)員的進(jìn)步情況分析，及第二天晚上上課討論的建議。最重要的是，網(wǎng)站上有學(xué)員每晚學(xué)習(xí)的錄音，學(xué)員可下載收聽對照自己的學(xué)習(xí)；費(fèi)用也特別實(shí)惠，我一個(gè)普通打工族就可以接受。隨時(shí)隨地和外教說英語，不錯(cuò)！2 學(xué)習(xí)英文還必須了解英文為主的西方文化。學(xué)習(xí)口語必須知道在什么場合，說什么話？怎么樣說話是有禮貌的？什么是外國人忌諱的？就如同中文，從小父母就會教我們在什么場合要說你好、對不起。看見老人、叔叔、阿姨應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣稱呼？在客人面前該問什么問題？不該說什么話？等等。因?yàn)槲覀兊难哉Z得體可以給別人留下良好的印象，不至于造成誤會。3 學(xué)習(xí)口語必須大量地聽說練習(xí)。我們從小中文是怎么學(xué)會的？是每天起床后就不斷地聽不斷地說。每天至少12個(gè)小時(shí)在中文聽說語言環(huán)境里。其他語言的學(xué)習(xí)也是同樣的道理。不斷地聽，不斷地說，隨時(shí)糾正。學(xué)生只要在與外國人或?qū)W生之間講英文，就是在學(xué)習(xí)。

我有啊，奉獻(xiàn)給你一些啦，快快學(xué)習(xí)吧：

Do you have some time tomorrow? 明天有空吧? Yes, I do.有啊。

How about having lunch with me? 一起吃頓中飯?jiān)鯓樱?Good idea.好主意。

If you're free, how about lunch? 有空的話一起吃頓中飯如何？ When did you have in mind? 你想什么時(shí)候呢？ I was thinking about Thursday? 我看星期四怎樣？ That will be fine with me.沒問題。

I'm calling to see if you would like to have lunch tomorrow.我打電話給你，是想知道明天一起吃頓中飯?jiān)鯓樱?I'm sorry, but this week isn't very convenient for me.對不起，這個(gè)星期我都不方便。

Perhaps we van make it later.那么，也許改天吧。That would be better.好啊。

I'm calling to confirm our luncheon appointment.我打電話來，是想確定一下我們約好吃飯的事。

It's tomorrow at twelve o'clock, right? 是明天12點(diǎn)吧？ Yes, that's right.是的，沒錯(cuò)。I'll be there.我會去的。

I'm sorry, but I have to cancel out luncheon appointment.真抱歉，不過我不得不取消我們午餐的約會。I'm sorry to hear that.真遺憾。

I have pressing business to attend to.我有緊急的事情要處理。

No problem.we'll make it later in the month.沒關(guān)系，這個(gè)月改天再說吧。

一、多“說”。

自己多創(chuàng)造機(jī)會與英語教師多講英語，見了同學(xué)，尤其是和好朋友在一起時(shí)盡量用英語去問候，談心情……這時(shí)候你需隨身攜帶一個(gè)英漢互譯小詞典，遇到生詞時(shí)查一下這些生詞，也不用刻意去記，用的多了，這個(gè)單詞自然而然就會記住。千萬別把學(xué)英語當(dāng)成負(fù)擔(dān)，始終把它當(dāng)成一件有趣的事情去做?；蛟S你有機(jī)會碰上外國人，你應(yīng)大膽地上去跟他打招呼，和他談天氣、談風(fēng)景、談學(xué)?！皇莿e問及他的年紀(jì)，婚史等私人問題。盡量用一些你學(xué)過的詞匯，句子去和他談天說地。不久你會發(fā)現(xiàn)與老外聊天要比你與中國人談英語容易的多。因?yàn)樗湍憬徽剷r(shí)會用許多簡單詞匯，而且不太看重說法，你只要發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確，準(zhǔn)能順利地交流下去。只是你必須要有信心，敢于表達(dá)自己的思想。

第二篇：定語從句的講解及練習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)的啊學(xué)習(xí)的武器學(xué)習(xí)的武器

學(xué)英語簡單嗎？肯定會有許多學(xué)生說：“難死了”。

一、多“說”。

或許你有機(jī)會碰上外國人，你應(yīng)大膽地上去跟他打招呼，和他談天氣、談風(fēng)景、談學(xué)校……只是別問及他的年紀(jì)，婚史等私人問題。盡量用一些你學(xué)過的詞匯，句子去和他談天說地。不久你會發(fā)現(xiàn)與老外聊天要比你與中國人談英語容易的多。因?yàn)樗湍憬徽剷r(shí)會用許多簡單詞匯，而且不太看重說法，你只要發(fā)音準(zhǔn)確，準(zhǔn)能順利地交流下去。只是你必須要有信心，敢于表達(dá)自己的思想。

二、多“聽”

三、多“讀”。

四、多“寫”

背英語單詞技巧

1、循環(huán)記憶法

艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線

1.rigid/ stiff/ unchanged/ little change 僵硬的，一成不變的

2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/ 巨大的,明顯的，程度大的/substantial

3.approximately 將近-nearly, almost

4.proportion/ percentage 比例

5.be involved(in)/ involve in/ involvement [n.] 涉及，卷入，參與

6.given/ considering , in regard to / despite/ although 有鑒于

考慮到，盡管

6.induce [v] 引入，引導(dǎo)，引誘/ inductive [n] 歸納 >< deduce /deductive推斷

7.fortune/ destiny/ chances

8.deplete 開采完，耗盡/ exhaust –exhaust emission(尾氣)排放/ exploit 9.complex 錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的/ complicated/ sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，復(fù)雜的

10.capacity能力，容量/ competence（競爭）能力/ ability 能力（籠統(tǒng)的）

11.確保，保障：Secure-security/ ensure(insure)/ guarantee 押金

12.solely/ merely/ only

13.a vast array of 系列/ a great variety of 花樣，品種/ a great rang 系列 of

14.pesticide 殺蟲/ suicide 自殺/ homicide/ murder殺人

15.believe/ assume(responsibility)/ suppose

16.授權(quán)，委托：authorize/ commission 傭金/ entitle 頭銜 + ment =right（權(quán)利）

17.purchase/ buy

18.ethnic 種族的/ ethic 倫理，道德的 + s =[n ]

19.modify/ change [v] shift work 輪班工作[n]

20.insight/knowledge/ learning/ understanding/ knowing

21.constrain拘泥，限制/ restrict 限制/ limit

22.circumstance 環(huán)境（社會）/ surroundings/ environment 環(huán)境（環(huán)保）背景 background 后臺 / settings后臺，布景/ context 上下文（文章中）

23.notorious 臭名昭著的/ flagrant臭的>

24.移民：immigrant(進(jìn)來)/ emigrant(出去)/migrant

25.興旺，繁榮；prosperous/ thriving/ booming（人口，行業(yè)）/flourishing

26.神圣的：divine/ heavenly/ holy/ sacred

27.有毒的：poisonous/ toxic(in-, non-無毒的)

28.致命的：deadly/ fatal/ lethal/ mortal

29.類似于：look like/ resemble

30.chronic長期的,慢性的— long-term 長期的

31.網(wǎng)戀：virtual love/ cyber love

32.網(wǎng)友：on-line /net/ cyber friend 上網(wǎng)（聊天）chat on line/ go on-line cyber café/網(wǎng)吧

33.evolve-evolution 進(jìn)化/ revolute-revolution 革命，旋轉(zhuǎn)/ involve-involution 卷入，涉及

34.indicator/ predictor 表示詮釋，預(yù)測

35.indicate/ demonstrate/ display/exhibit/betray

36.therapist /expert/ specialist

37.優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長處，美德：advantage/ merit/ virtue/ length

38.commonest/ frequent

39.未開發(fā)的，初級的：rudimentary/ underdeveloped

40.退化：degenerate/-tion [n]->generate 生產(chǎn)，制造/ degrade->grade 等級/ deteriorate 惡化，每況愈下

41.分類：category-categorize/ class-classify

42.consequence后果->影響/ subsequence緊跟其后/ sequence=order秩序/ frequency頻率

43.clash 沖突（民族，種族）/crash 飛機(jī)墜毀

44.substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace

45.alternative=> 選擇性，代替性，輔助性

46.孤立：isolate/ alienate/insulate隔絕，排外，孤立->be alien to/insulate(-ior)絕緣，隔熱（體）

47．缺點(diǎn)，不足之處：defect/ flaw/ failing/ disadvantage /drawback

48.創(chuàng)新的，發(fā)明的，新穎的，創(chuàng)新的：inventive(-tion)/ innovative(-tion)/ creative(-tion)/ ingenious(ity)/novel(-ty)=>[n]/creative/revolutionary

易錯(cuò)拼寫：environment/ convenient

49．neutral 中立的，中性的 /negative 否定，消極，陰性的 /positive 肯定，積極，陽性的

50．a(chǎn)mbiguous->ambiguity 模棱兩可的，曖昧的/obscure

51.communicate 溝通，傳達(dá)，通報(bào)

52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adapt to 適應(yīng)，調(diào)整，3=hold 容納，4使…?？?/p>

53.commitment 1 ~ to sth 奉獻(xiàn) 2 責(zé)任,義務(wù)

54．contribute to 導(dǎo)致 ~ result in /account for(占據(jù))導(dǎo)致

54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/ insufficient/ deficient/lack(of)/ short(of)

55.強(qiáng)調(diào)：emphasize/ stress/ highlight/ focus on/ concentrate on

英語作文常用諺語、俗語

1、A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.說謊者即使講真話也沒人相信。

2、A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.一知半解，自欺欺人。

3、All rivers run into sea.海納百川。

4、All roads lead to Rome.條條大路通羅馬。

5、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只會用功不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻。

6、A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善終。

7、Actions speak louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。

8、A faithful friend is hard to find.知音難覓。

9、A friend in need is a friend indeed.患難見真情。

10、A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友難，失朋友易。

11、A good beginning is half done.良好的開端是成功的一半。

12、A good beginning makes a good ending.善始者善終。

13、A good book is a good friend.好書如摯友。

14、A good medicine tastes bitter.良藥苦口。

15、A mother's love never changes.母愛永恒。

16、An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一蘋果，不用請醫(yī)生。

17、A single flower does not make a spring.一花獨(dú)放不是春，百花齊放春滿園。

18、A year's plan starts with spring.一年之計(jì)在于春。

19、A young idler, an old beggar.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。

20、Better late than never.不怕慢，單怕站。

21、By reading we enrich the mind.讀書使人充實(shí)，22、Care and diligence bring luck.謹(jǐn)慎和勤奮才能抓住機(jī)遇。

23、Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.自信是走向成功的第一步。

24、Custom is a second nature.習(xí)慣是后天養(yǎng)成的。

25、Custom makes all things easy.有個(gè)好習(xí)慣，事事皆不難。

26、Doing is better than saying.與其掛在嘴上，不如落實(shí)在行動上。

27、Do nothing by halves.凡事不可半途而廢。

28、Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事，今日畢。

29、Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.不要自找麻煩。

30、Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.早睡早起身體好。

31、Easier said than done.說得容易，做得難。

32、Easy come, easy go.來也匆匆，去也匆匆。

33、Eat to live, but not live to eat.人吃飯是為了活著，但活著不是為了吃飯。

34、Every man has his faults.金無足赤，人無完人。

35、Every man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命運(yùn)自己掌握。

36、Every minute counts.分秒必爭。

37、Each coin has two sides.38、Fact speak louder than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。

39、Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。

40、God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。

41、Health is better than wealth.健康勝過財(cái)富。

42、Honesty is the best policy.做人誠信為本。

43、Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.抱最好的愿望，做最壞的打算。

44、It is never too old to learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。

45、Knowledge is power.知識就是力量

46、Like mother, like daughter.有其母必有其女。

47、No pain，no gain.（不勞無獲。）

48、You never know till you have tried.不嘗試，不知曉。

49、An idle youth, a needy age.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。50、Diligence is the mother of success.勤奮是成功之母。

51、Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy

and wise.早睡早起，使人健康、52、Experience is the best teacher.經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最好的教師。

53、Nothing in the world is difficult if you set

富裕和聰穎。

54、Where there's a will, there's a way.有志者事竟成。

55、Practice makes perfect ．（熟能生巧。）

56、Pride goes before a fall．（驕傲必?cái)?。?/p>

定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

（1）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

① who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎？（who / that在從句中作主語）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）

② whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換），例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

③ which, that

它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在從句中作主語）The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在從句中作賓語）

（2）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。

① when, where, why 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于―介詞+ which‖結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和―介詞+ which‖結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：

There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。

Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer?

這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

② that代替關(guān)系副詞

that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和―介詞+ which‖引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。

（3）判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.判斷改錯(cuò)。（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（對）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where，when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。

例1：Is this museum _____ you visited a few days ago? A.where B.that

C.on which

D.the one 例2：Is this the museum _____ the exhibition was held.A.where

B.that

C.on which

D.the one 答案：例1.D；例2.A 例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?/p>

This museum is _____ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?/p>

This is the museum _____ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中，主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum 詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。

關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時(shí)間狀語，why 原因狀語）。

（4）限制性和非限制性定語從句 ① 定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開，例如： This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）

② 當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

③ 非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動詞

要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。

說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

（5）介詞+關(guān)系詞

① 介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。

② that前不能有介詞。③ 某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的―介詞+關(guān)系詞‖結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞 when 和where 互換。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club?（6）as, which 非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.as 的用法

例1：the same… as；such…as是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu)，和……一樣……。I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.例2：as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常譯為?正如'之意。As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.as是關(guān)系代詞。第1句中的as作know的賓語；第2句中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。

（7）關(guān)系代詞that 的用法

① 不用that的情況

a.在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。

（錯(cuò)）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b.介詞后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.② 只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況 a.在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b.在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。

c.先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。

d.先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，只用that。e.先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。

舉例：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。典型例題

1.Alice received an invitation from her boss, _____ came as a surprise.A.it

B.that C.which

D.he 答案：C

解析：此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而用which，it和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

2.The weather turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which

C.that

D.it 答案：B 解析：which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。3.It rained hard yesterday, _____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that

B.which

C.as

D.it 答案：B 解析：as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：

（1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而 which不可。

（2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。模擬試題 Ⅰ、選擇填空

1.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.A.of whom

B.whom C.of whose

D.whose

2.She heard a terrible noise, ______brought her heart into her mouth.A.it

B.which C.this

D.that

3.In the dark street , there wasn't a single person _____ she could turn for help.A.that

B.who

C.from who

D.to whom

4.The weather turned out to be very good , _____ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which

C.that

D.it

5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child.A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when

6.Carol said the work would be done by October.personally I doubt very much.A.it

B.that

C.when

D.which

7.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____,of course , made the others unhappy.A.who

B.which

C.this

D.what

8.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.A.which price

B.the price of which C.its price

D.the price of whose 9._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.A.As

B.It

C.That

D.Which

10.He lived in London for 3 months , during _____ time he learned some English.A.this

B.which

C.that

D.same 11.On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.A.whose

B.of which

C.which

D.its 12.Whenever I met him , _____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A.what

B.which

C.that

D.when 13.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower.A.that

B.where

C.which

D.there 14.The boss _____ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.A.in which

B.in that

C.in whose

D.whose 15.I don't like _____ you speak to her.A.the way

B.the way in that C.the way which

D.the way of which 16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.______ I got wet through.A.It's the reason

B.That's why C.There's why

D.It's how 17.He made another wonderful discovery , _____ of great importance to science.A.which I think is

B.which I think it is C.which I think it

D.I think which is 18.He was very rude to the customs officer, _____ of course made things even worse.A.who

B.whom

C.what

D.which

Ⅱ、實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)

A）填空：選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞填入題目中的空白處。

1.This is the comrade __________ will go to the south with us tomorrow.2.Who's the student __________ the teacher is talking with?

3.I like the present __________ you've sent to me.4.The nurse __________ we talked about can speak English well.5.This is the most difficult job __________ we've ever done.6.This is the cleverest man __________ I've ever known.7.I bought all __________ was necessary.8.The old gentleman __________ you met just now is a famous writer.9.The girl to __________ I lent my bike works in a hospital.10.All __________ come are welcome.11.This is the girl __________ songs you heard last night.12.She was the brave girl __________ name is known to everybody here.13.Thank you for the help __________ you've done for me.14.This radio set __________ we have had for two years is a good one.15.The next question __________ I found difficult to answer was put to me by Mary.B）將下列句子合并成帶有定語從句的復(fù)合句

16.He is the young writer.He wrote the book.17.Do you know the doctor?

He comes here once a month and examines the workers.18.The foreign guest is Mr.Green.You saw him at the school gate.19.He is the new head.I was talking about him this morning.20.I've received the book.Father sent it to me.21.The factory has got one success after another.We visited the factory last week.22.What's the name of the girl?

Her grandpa took part in the Long March.23.The man looks like the actor.I've heard his songs on TV.24.This letter is from my elder brother.He serves in the army.25.Do you see the bridge?

It was built last year.C）單項(xiàng)填空：從A、B、C、D中選出可以填入空白處的正確答案。

26.Those _____ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn

B.who

C.that

D.who learn

27.Anyone _____ this opinion may speak out.A.that againsts

B.that against

C.who is against

D.who are against

28.Mr.Smith is one of the foreign experts who _____ in China.A.works

B.is working

C.are working

D.has been working

29.Didn't you see the man _____?

A.I nodded just now

B.whom I nodded just now

C.I nodded to him just now

D.I nodded to just now

30.Have you seen the girl _____?

A.that I told

B.I told you of

C.whom I told you

D.I told you of him

31.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person _____ she could turn for help.A.that

B.who

C.from whom

D.to whom

32.Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?

A.that you talked

B.you talked about it

C.which you talked with

D.you talked about

33.The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.A.that

B.what

C.why

D.for which

34.They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school.A.which

B.that

C.who

D.whom

35.Who _____ has common sense will do such a thing?

A.which

B.who

C.whom

D.that

36.All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.A.that

B.those

C.which

D.what

37.I'll tell you _____ he told me last week.A.all which

B.what all

C.that all

D.all

38.This is the biggest laboratory _____ we have ever built in our school.A.which

B.what

C.where

D./

39.Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn?

A.that

B./

C.which

D.it

40.Is there anything _____ to you?

A.that is belonged

B.that belongs

C.that belong

D.which belongs

41.His parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _____ family was poor.A.that

B.which

C.who's

D.whose

42.Please pass me the dictionary _____ cover is black.A.which

B.which of

C.its

D.whose

43.He is the only one of the boys who _____ the piano well.A.plays

B.play

C.playing

D.are playing

44.He asked me _____ I needed.A.that

B.which

C.what

D./

45.That scientist _____ work is successful has been made a model worker.A.which

B.who

C.who's

D.whose 參考答案： Ⅰ、1—5 DBDBB

6—10 DBCAB

11—15 ABBCA 16—18 BAD Ⅱ、A）

1.who/that 2.that 3.that/which 4.whom(who)/that

5.that

6.that

7.that

8.whom(who)/that

9.whom

10.that 11.whose

12.whose

13.which/that

14.which/that

15.that B）

16.He is the young writer who wrote the book.17.Do you know the doctor who comes here once a month and examines the workers?

18.The foreign guest whom you see at the school gate is Mr.Green.19.He is the new head whom I was talking about this morning.20.I've received the book which father sent to me.21.The factory which we visited last week has got one success after another.22.What is the name of the girl whose grandpa took part in the Long March?

23.The man looks like the actor whose songs I've heard on TV.24.This letter is from my elder brother who serves in the army.25.Do you see the bridge which was built last year? C）

26—30 DCCDB 31—35 DDABD 36—40 ADDAB 41—45 DDACD 26.D.定語從句中who指人在從句中為主語，且要用動詞learn。

27.C.先行詞為anyone是單數(shù)名詞，所以用單數(shù)的謂語動詞。

28.C.experts是先行詞為復(fù)數(shù)的形式，所以從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)的形式。

29.D.nod是不及物動詞，所以應(yīng)該用nod to表示朝某人點(diǎn)頭，由于關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，所以可以省略。

30.B.tell sb.of sth.表示和某人提起某事，不是告訴某人什么事，由于關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，所以可以省略。

31.D.turn to sb.for help表示向某人尋求幫助。從句的介詞提前，所以to后面要加上關(guān)系代詞whom.32.D.talk about表示談?wù)撃呈?，所以?yīng)該是D。B中從句的代詞it應(yīng)該省略，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)了成分。

33.A.從句中缺argue about的賓語，指物，只能選that。

34.B.先行詞既有人又有物，所以用that。

35.D.who引導(dǎo)的疑問句中，定語從句要用that來引導(dǎo)避免重復(fù)。

36.A.先行詞用all來修飾所以我們應(yīng)該用that來引導(dǎo)。

37.D.all 是先行詞所以應(yīng)該用that, 但是在從句中當(dāng)賓語，所以選D。

38.D.laboratory前面有 the biggest的最高級修飾，所以應(yīng)該用that來引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)然也可以省略。

39.A.先行詞前面用the only來修飾所以應(yīng)該用that來引導(dǎo)。

40.B.anything為先行詞是不定代詞所以應(yīng)該用that 來引導(dǎo)。而且belong是第三人稱的主動語態(tài)形式。

41.D.whose在從句中充當(dāng)定語，指的是anyone's family was poor.42.D.whose在從句中充當(dāng)定語，指的是the dictionary's cover.43.A.本句的先行詞是the only one，而不是the boys,所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。

44.C.本句不是定語從句而是用what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，充當(dāng)ask sb.sth.的雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)。

45.D.whose在從句中充當(dāng)定語，指的是that scientist's work is successful

定語從句專題

編稿：賈巍

審稿：周可勇

責(zé)編：夏芳蓮

一、什么是定語從句？

定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

初中階段我們僅僅要求學(xué)生能夠認(rèn)識，并且正確翻譯由關(guān)系代詞that, which, who等引導(dǎo)的定語從句。請觀察下面的句子：

This is the mountain village which I visited last year.在這句話中，mountain village為先行詞，which為關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系代詞其實(shí)就是先行詞的化身，它在從句中充當(dāng)主語或者賓語。所以以上的句子可以被翻譯成：

這是我去年訪問過的山村。

這句話的主干是―This is the mountain village.‖這是那個(gè)小山村。

從句部分是 ―which I visited last year‖，看上去這句話是缺少賓語的，實(shí)際上關(guān)系代詞which就是賓語，它既是從句的引導(dǎo)詞，又是賓語。

請看下面的句子：

He is the person who helped me with my homework last week.翻譯成：

他是上周幫助我做功課的那個(gè)人。

主句部分是―He is the person‖

從句部分是―who helped me with my homework last week‖

看上去，這個(gè)從句是缺少主語的，實(shí)際上，從句的主語就是who，他跟在先行詞后面，代表先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)主語。

二、關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who.1.首先：在定語從句中所有的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞都是先行詞的化身，在翻譯的時(shí)候，不參照他們本身疑問副詞，疑問代詞的意思，如：

I am looking for the photos which you took in Australia.我正在找你在澳大利亞拍的照片。

這里的which代表照片，并不翻譯成―哪一個(gè)‖，再如

He is the photographer who won the photo competition last time.他就是那個(gè)贏得上次攝影比賽冠軍的攝影師。

這里的who代表photographer，也不翻譯成―誰‖

2.其次：（1）who前面的先行詞一定是人物：

I got some great shots of the boy who plays the guitar on the left.我給左邊彈吉他的男孩照了一些不錯(cuò)的相片。

這里的先行詞是the boy，是人，所以關(guān)系代詞用who，當(dāng)然用that也可以

（2）which 前面的先行詞一定是事物：

It is a band which gets everyone dancing.這是一支能讓每個(gè)人都舞動起來的樂隊(duì)。

這句話的先行詞是a band，不是人，是樂隊(duì)，所以用which,也可以用that.（3）that前面的先行詞既可以是人，也可以是物.注意：這并不代表that是萬能的關(guān)系代詞，到高中的時(shí)候我們就會學(xué)到，在某些定語從句，尤其是非限定性定語從句中，我們是不能使用that的，但是我們在初中階段并不要求。

3.定語從句關(guān)系代詞的省略：

與許多其它從句一樣，定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 – 關(guān)系代詞也是可以省略的，但是省略是需要條件的，就是當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語的時(shí)候，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。

重點(diǎn)有兩個(gè)：第一就是從句中，所以我們要分清什么是主句，什么是從句，如：

I'll never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.我永遠(yuǎn)都忘不了我在鄉(xiāng)下的日子。

在這句話里，I will never forget the days.是主句，which I spent in the countryside是從句，再看：

Please show me the book which you bought yesterday.請給我看一眼你昨天買的書。

在這句話里面，Please show me the book是主句，which you bought yesterday是從句。

第二個(gè)重點(diǎn)就是充當(dāng)賓語：

He is the person who talked to me last time.他是上次和我說話的那個(gè)人。

在這句話中，關(guān)系代詞who作為the person的化身，在從句中充當(dāng)主語。

He is the person who I met last time.他是我上次遇見的那個(gè)人。

在這句話中，關(guān)系代詞who作為the person的化身在從句中充當(dāng)賓語，這個(gè)who可以省略。

判斷關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)主語還是賓語可以看它后面是否緊跟謂語動詞，如果緊跟謂語動詞（如第一句），則關(guān)系代詞為主語，不能省略；若反之，其后沒有緊跟謂語動詞，而是名詞（從句的主語），則關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞。

三、定語從句與賓語從句的區(qū)別：

顧名思義，定語從句是從句充當(dāng)定語的復(fù)合句，賓語從句是從句充當(dāng)賓語的復(fù)合句，二者迥然不同，但是在使用中，同學(xué)們總是容易混淆這兩個(gè)句型。請從以下幾點(diǎn)區(qū)分：

（1）通過從句的位置：定語從句的位置在名詞代詞的后面（先行詞一般是由名詞或者代詞充當(dāng)?shù)模?。賓語從句的位置一般在動詞或者介詞短語之后，因?yàn)橘e語一般都在動詞或者介詞短語之后。

請判斷下面句子是定語從句還是賓語從句：

I don‘t know what you are talking about.He is angry with what you said.The tall boy who you met just now is my brother.經(jīng)過判斷，前兩句是賓語從句，第三句是定語從句。

（2）通過引導(dǎo)詞：定語從句的關(guān)系代詞只有that, who, which, whom,whose關(guān)系副詞也只有when, where, why，所以如果有的句子是whether, if, how, what等詞引導(dǎo)的，肯定不是定語從句。

（3）通過從句的成分：都是that引導(dǎo)的從句，賓語從句和定語從句也有的區(qū)別，我們可以通過that在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞峙袛啵纾?/p>

I know that you are right.我知道你是對的。

這是一個(gè)賓語從句，that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that只是連接詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分，所以that后面的句子you are right是一個(gè)主語謂語完全的句子。

He is the person that I am looking for.這是一個(gè)定語從句，that在從句中充當(dāng)look for的賓語，所以看上去look for是沒有賓語的。

四、練習(xí)題：

1.This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday.A.that

B.who

C.whom

D.this

2.The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher.A.whom

B.which

C.who

D./

3.The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary.A.that

B.whose

C.which

D.as

4.Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

A.the one

B.which

C.who

D.whom

5.Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday?

A.the one

B.that

C.which

D./

6.The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A.which

B.that

C./

D.it

7.The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police.A.which

B.in which

C.that

D.all

8._____ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A.That

B.Who

C.The one who

D.The students who

9.Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday.A.which

B.whom

C.whose

D.this

10.This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year.A.who

B.whom

C.which

D./

Keys: 1~5 A C A B A

6~10 B C C

初三年級詞匯（3）

（一）請寫出下面各個(gè)動詞的過去式,過去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,第三人稱單數(shù)以及中文形式.（0.2* 12 = 24）

Eg.expect expected expected expecting expects 期望

fall ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

feed ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

feel ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

fight ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

find ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

fly

________ ________ _______ _________ _______

forget ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

freeze ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

give ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

get

________ ________ _______ _________ _______

grow ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

hang ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

have ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

hear

________ ________ _______ _________ _______

hide ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

hit

________ ________ _______ _________ _______

hold

________ ________ _______ _________ _______

hurt ________ ________ _______ _________ _______

guess ________ ________ ________ ________ _______

(二)寫出下面單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式并且翻譯中文.1.foot _______ _______

3.gentleman _________ _______

2.goose _______ ______

4.grandchild _________ ________

(三)寫出下面單詞的比較級和最高級形式以及中文意思.1.far

__________ ____________ ____________

2.good

__________ ____________ ____________

3.hot

__________ ____________ ____________

4.healthy __________ ____________ ___________

初三語法：定語從句

撰稿：胡欲曉

審稿：周克勇

責(zé)編：牛新閣

知識講解

一、定語從句的功用和結(jié)構(gòu)

在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞之后。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village?

This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二、各個(gè)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的具體用法1.who 指人，在定語從句中作主語。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2.whom指人，在定語從句中作賓語。例如：

Do you know the young man(whom)we met at the gate？

Mr Lee(whom)you want to see has come.3.whose 指人，在定語從句中作定語。例如：

The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.4.which指物，在定語從中作主語或賓語。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book(which)the teacher mentioned yesterday.5.that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語從句中作主語或賓語。例如：

I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

6.when 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7.where 指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.三、關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的功用

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句，在先行詞和定語從句之間起紐帶作用，使二者聯(lián)系起來。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞又在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞做主語，賓語，定語，關(guān)系副詞可作狀語。

1.作主語：

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)須和先行詞一致。例如：

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2.作賓語：

She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3.作定語

關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中作定語用。例如：

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4.作狀語

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.四、具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問題：

1.只能使用that,不用which 的情況：

(1)先行詞是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代詞時(shí)。例如：

All that he said is true.(2)如果先行詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修

飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which。例如：

He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：

He was the second(person)that told me the secret.(4)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。

This is the best book(that)I have read this year.(5)先行詞既包括人又包括物時(shí)。例如：

He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.2.只能用which，不用that 的情況：

(1)在非限制性定語從中。例如：

The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定語從句由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)，先行詞是物時(shí)。例如：

The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.(3)which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部

分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this

相似，并可以指人。例如：

He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.3.介詞與關(guān)系代詞：

關(guān)系代詞 whom，which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：

That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.[邊講邊練]

（一）用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每對句子連成一個(gè)復(fù)合句。

1.The boy is my younger brother.He was here a minute ago.2.The old man is a professor.He teaches chemistry in a college.3.Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square.The foreign visitors live there.4.The woman is here now.You were talking about her.5.This is the hall.We listened to the report in it the other day.6.The car was going 90 miles an hour.The car just passed us.7.The man was my uncle.The man waved to us.8.I enjoyed reading the book.You gave me a book last week.9.I prefer the subject.The subject is science.10.I spoke to the man.The man is a professor.（二）用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空

1.The house _______ we live in is very big.2.The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3.This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.4.The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.5.He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.6.There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.7.She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.8.We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.9.Is this the place _______ your father once lived?

10.I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.[隨堂測試]

一、單項(xiàng)填空

1.---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

---Oh!It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A.he

B.that

C.whom

D.which

2.I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.A.who

B.which

C.they

D.where

3.The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.A.which

B.when

C.who

D.whom

4.George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.A.who

B.whom

C.he

D.which

5.This is the place _____I have ever visited.A.there

B.when

C.where

D.which

6.Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.A.that

B.which

C.why

D.when

7.The moon is a world ______ there is no life.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.why

8.He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.A.when

B.where

C.that

D.which

9.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.A.when

B.where

C.that

D.on which

10.Mr.White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A.who

B.that

C.whose

D.which

11.He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.A.that

B.which

C.when

D.where

12.This is the house _______ I want to buy.A.in which

B.that

C.whose

D.where

13.This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A.which

B.that

C.when

D.where

14.He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.A.that

B.which

C.when

D.where

15.He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.A.that

B.which

C.where

D.when

16.I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A.how

B.which

C.where

D.that

17.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, ________, of course，made the others envy him.A.who

B.that

C.what

D.which

18.American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk

frequently.A.who

B.as

C.about which

D.with whom

19.The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-

away village.A.until

B.that

C.when

D.where

20.The famous scientist grew up________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A.when

B.whenever

C.where

D.wherever

21.A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded

by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.when

B.where

C.what

D.that

22.The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can

move in.A.they

B.it

C.one

D.which

23.Is this factory ______ you worked at?

A.the one

B.which

C.that

D.where

24.Is this the factory _______ you worked?

A.where

B.which

C.that

D.the one

25.---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?

---Yes, he does.A.which

B.whose

C.where

D.who

26.The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.A.who

B.where

C.what

D.that

27.---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?

---He has gone back to Qinghua University.A.whom

B.who

C.whose

D.which

28.I hate people _______ talk much but do little.A.whose

B.whom

C.which

D.who

29.Do you know a boy ______ sister is a nurse in a hospital?

A.who

B.that

C.whom

D.whose

30.Is there a shop near here______ we can buy vegetables and fruits?

A.which

B.when

C.who

D.where

二、填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞完成下列句子

1.The boys________ are playing football are from Class One.2.Those ______ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.3.Mr Liu is the person ________ you talked about on the bus.4.The professor ________ you are waiting for has come.5.Football is a game _______is liked by most boys.6.He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers.7.This is the pen _______ he bought yesterday.8.We’ll go to hear the famous singer _______ we have often talked.9.Where is the man _________ I saw this morning?

10.The season_________ comes after spring is summer.11.I visited a scientist ________ name is known all over the country.12.He has a friend ______ father is a doctor.13.I once lived in the house _____ roof has fallen in.14.I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school.15.The time _______ we got together finally arrived.16.Shanghai is the city ______ I was born.17.The house ______ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.18.Please tell me the reason ______ you missed the plane.19.The reason ____ he was punished is unknown to us.20.All the people ______are present burst into tears.21.There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of _______ are

well educated.22.He succeeded in the competition, _____ made his parents very happy.23.The school ______ he once studied is very famous.24.Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine _______ you asked.25.This is the boy ________I played tennis with yesterday.參考答案： [邊講邊練](一)

1.The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.2.The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.3.Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.4.The woman whom you were talking bout is here now.5.This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.6.The car just passed us was going 90 miles.7.The man who waved to us was my uncle.8.I enjoyed reading the book that you gave me last week.9.The subject that I prefer is science.10.I spoke to the man who is a professor.（二）

1.which/ that

2.who/ that

3.that/ which

4.who/ that

5.that

6.that

7.which

8.that/ which

9.where

10.when

[隨堂測試]

一、單項(xiàng)填空

1-5 BACAD

6-10 CCACC

11-15 DBDDB

16-20 CDDCC

21-25 DBAAD

26-30 DBDDD

二、填入適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞完成下列句子

1.who

2.who

3.whom

4.whom

5.which

6.which

7.which

8.about whom

9.whom

10.which

11.whose

12.whose

13.whose

14.when

15.when

16.where

17.where

18.why

19.why

20.that

21.whom

22.which

23.where

24.that

25.whom

The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different.I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor.口語是需要技巧的。光靠大膽自信還不夠。關(guān)鍵是系統(tǒng)的方法。我是英語專業(yè)畢業(yè)的，英語八級，現(xiàn)在當(dāng)翻譯，在大學(xué)時(shí)去英語角，上課發(fā)言等都不管用，一度非常苦惱。后來發(fā)現(xiàn)口語練習(xí)需要系統(tǒng)的方法。建議你按照我的方法做。

買個(gè)口語軟件，口語寶或者右腦王都不錯(cuò)。

你是外企的白領(lǐng)要經(jīng)常的說英語哦，這個(gè)很正常的哦，如果你要學(xué)英語口語的話，那么對如何學(xué)習(xí)英語口語我有一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。我建議你可以跟我一樣報(bào)個(gè)電話英語培訓(xùn)啊?，F(xiàn)在的電話英語還很很好了，電話英語，只通過聲音傳遞內(nèi)容上課，所以要求學(xué)生要有更高的注意力，因此對提高聽力有很大的幫助，同時(shí)在聽他人說話的同時(shí)，自己也要開口說話，這種學(xué)習(xí)方式被認(rèn)為是鍛煉聽力和口語的最佳方法，還有，電話英語最大的優(yōu)勢就是將上課內(nèi)容全程錄音可以供課后復(fù)習(xí)。而且時(shí)間安排可以在你的工作空余時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)英語口語哦，如何學(xué)習(xí)英語口語的必備條件—語言環(huán)境。口語是交流、是聽和說。學(xué)習(xí)任何一種語言，首先要聽懂，然后才學(xué)說話?？谡Z不可以自學(xué)。學(xué)習(xí)英語口語必須進(jìn)入英文語言環(huán)境。每天聽的都是英文，也必須講英文。中國學(xué)生為什么不會講英文？因?yàn)橹袊挠⑽睦蠋煷蟛糠植恢v英文，用中文上英文課。學(xué)生在英文課上不講英文，大部分還是講中文。1 如何學(xué)好英語口語--學(xué)習(xí)英文口語最好是英文母語老師—即外教。英文為母語的老師，從小生活在英文的環(huán)境里。知道各種生活場景、生活內(nèi)容的英文用語，并且他們的發(fā)音純正，只有他們才可以教好口語。就像外國人要學(xué)中文，一定要請中國的老師。所有這里我向你推薦恩京電話英語培訓(xùn)學(xué)校，真是不錯(cuò)的，外教通過電話一對一教授日?？谡Z，商務(wù)口語，雅思口語.面試英語，外貿(mào)口語,青少年英語等，每天回到家，晚上可以學(xué)10-20分鐘，而且時(shí)間，外教都可以任選，均有指定教材，外教都是很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師，報(bào)名后每位學(xué)員在網(wǎng)站上都有專屬學(xué)習(xí)地盤，每晚上課時(shí)外教會就你的問題當(dāng)時(shí)提出糾正，上課后會在學(xué)員的學(xué)習(xí)地盤中留下當(dāng)晚學(xué)習(xí)的詳細(xì)評語和學(xué)員的進(jìn)步情況分析，及第二天晚上上課討論的建議。最重要的是，網(wǎng)站上有學(xué)員每晚學(xué)習(xí)的錄音，學(xué)員可下載收聽對照自己的學(xué)習(xí)；費(fèi)用也特別實(shí)惠，我一個(gè)普通打工族就可以接受。隨時(shí)隨地和外教說英語，不錯(cuò)！2 學(xué)習(xí)英文還必須了解英文為主的西方文化。學(xué)習(xí)口語必須知道在什么場合，說什么話？怎么樣說話是有禮貌的？什么是外國人忌諱的？就如同中文，從小父母就會教我們在什么場合要說你好、對不起?？匆娎先?、叔叔、阿姨應(yīng)當(dāng)怎樣稱呼？在客人面前該問什么問題？不該說什么話？等等。因?yàn)槲覀兊难哉Z得體可以給別人留下良好的印象，不至于造成誤會。3 學(xué)習(xí)口語必須大量地聽說練習(xí)。我們從小中文是怎么學(xué)會的？是每天起床后就不斷地聽不斷地說。每天至少12個(gè)小時(shí)在中文聽說語言環(huán)境里。其他語言的學(xué)習(xí)也是同樣的道理。不斷地聽，不斷地說，隨時(shí)糾正。學(xué)生只要在與外國人或?qū)W生之間講英文，就是在學(xué)習(xí)。

我有啊，奉獻(xiàn)給你一些啦，快快學(xué)習(xí)吧：

Do you have some time tomorrow? 明天有空吧? Yes, I do.有啊。

How about having lunch with me? 一起吃頓中飯?jiān)鯓樱?Good idea.好主意。

Perhaps we van make it later.那么，也許改天吧。That would be better.好啊。

I'm calling to confirm our luncheon appointment.我打電話來，是想確定一下我們約好吃飯的事。

It's tomorrow at twelve o'clock, right? 是明天12點(diǎn)吧？ Yes, that's right.是的，沒錯(cuò)。I'll be there.我會去的。

I'm sorry, but I have to cancel out luncheon appointment.真抱歉，不過我不得不取消我們午餐的約會。I'm sorry to hear that.真遺憾。

I have pressing business to attend to.我有緊急的事情要處理。

No problem.we'll make it later in the month.沒關(guān)系，這個(gè)月改天再說吧。

一、多“說”。

第三篇：英語學(xué)習(xí)_高中英語定語從句講解及練習(xí)_必備范文

18.高中英語定語從句講解及練習(xí)

定于從句是高中重點(diǎn)知識，也是高考?？键c(diǎn)，大家也不容易掌握，這篇文章主要教你關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞限制性和非限制性定語從句等內(nèi)容，有例題講解

定語從句在句中做定語，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常

出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。

18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。例如：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）

He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）

2）whose 用來指人或物，（只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：

They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。

Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。

3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。例如：

A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）

The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語）

18.2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。

1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：

There are occasions when（on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。

Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？ 2）that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。例如：

His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。

18.3 判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.這是我去年呆過的山村。

I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記與你共事的日子。

判斷改錯(cuò)：

（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（對）I'll never forget the days（which）I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。

例1.Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 例2.Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.A.where B.that C.on which D.the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A 例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。

而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。

18.4 限制性和非限制性定語從句

1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。例如：

This is the house which we bought last month.這是我們上個(gè)月買的那幢房子。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.這幢房子很漂亮，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）

2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。例如：

Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。

My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.這本小說很動人，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。

3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：

He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒抓住我的意思，這使我心煩。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。

說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

18.5 介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如：

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

18.6 as, which 非限定性定語從句

由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?。典型例題

1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A.it B.that C.which D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號連接。況且選he句意不通。

2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which C.as D.it

答案B.as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：（1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。

（2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。as 的用法

例1.the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。例如：

I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。例2.as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有'正如'。例如：

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我們所知，吸煙有害健康。

As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。

18.7 先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一

1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）

2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）

18.8 what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：

What you want has been sent here.你要的動詞都送來了。

Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么，跟我沒什么關(guān)系。2）who= the person that whoever= anyone who。例如：

（錯(cuò)）Who breaks the law will be punished.（錯(cuò)）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.（對）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法，與庶民同罪。

（對）Who robbed the bank is not clear.誰搶了銀行還不清楚。3）that 和 what

當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，通常用作關(guān)系代詞，而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，是個(gè)不充當(dāng)任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。What只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分，且不能省略。例如：

I think（that）you will like the stamps.我想你會喜歡這些郵票的。

What we need is more practice.我們需要的是更多的實(shí)踐。

18.9 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法 1）不用that的情況

a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。例如：

（錯(cuò)）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.b）介詞后不能用。例如：

We depend on the land from which we get our food.我們依賴土地獲得食物。

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2）只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況

a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

b）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。

c）先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。

d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時(shí)，只用that。.e）先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。例如：

All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油問題。

Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。

第四篇：定語從句講解及練習(xí)

定語從句講解及練習(xí)

一、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。* 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that, which, who(賓格whom, 所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where, when、why * 關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：

1、引導(dǎo)定語從句

2、代替先行詞

3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分

二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 * 1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.* 2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(2)The man(who/whom)you met just now is my friend.* 3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主語)(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做賓語)* 4.that指人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時(shí)可省略。(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主語)(2)Where is the man（that/whom）I saw this morning?(在句子中做賓語)* 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? * 具體使用時(shí)還要注意下列問題：

1、只能使用that,不用which 的情況：

* 1）當(dāng)先行詞是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它們修飾

時(shí)。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以為你做的嗎？

All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必須做。* 2）當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。例如： That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。

The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我們該做的第一件事是弄點(diǎn)吃的。

* 3）當(dāng)先行詞有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修飾時(shí)。例如： My necklace is not the only thing that's missing.我的項(xiàng)鏈不僅是丟掉的東西。* 4）當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭時(shí)，定語從句中引導(dǎo)詞用that ,不用which 或 who，以避免重復(fù)。例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? 正穿一件紅色外套的女孩子是誰？ * 5）當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，用that。例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說確實(shí)很著名。

2、只用which不用that的情況： * 1)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)； e.g.This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.* 2)非限定性定語從句中；作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。e.g.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3)先行詞本身是that時(shí)；

e.g.The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you這里有人要和你說話(限制性)* 4)which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與and this 相似，并可以指人。

He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.* 關(guān)系代詞 whom，which 在定語從句中作介詞賓語時(shí)，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時(shí)為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將 whom 與 which 與先行詞緊挨著書寫，的工廠。(引導(dǎo)詞that作定語從句“(that)they visited last month”的賓語，that可以省略)

* 注意：不要以為在時(shí)間名詞后就一定用關(guān)系副詞when，在地點(diǎn)名詞后就一定用關(guān)系而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1、when：當(dāng)主句中的先行詞(即主句中被后面定語從句修飾的詞)是表示時(shí)間意義的名詞時(shí)，它只能作定語從句的時(shí)間狀語，放在定語從句句首。如果定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是作該定語從句的主語或賓語，則要改用關(guān)系代詞that或which來引導(dǎo)。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The days when we used foreign oil are gone.我們用洋油的日子一去不復(fù)返了。I'll never forget the day when I was born.(=I'll never forget my birthday.)我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我出生的日子。

It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.這事發(fā)生在天氣又濕又冷的十一月。

The day(that)I always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最難忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定語從句“that I always remember in all my life”的賓語，that可以省略)*

2、where：當(dāng)主句中的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)意義的名詞時(shí)，它只能作其所在的定語從句的地點(diǎn)狀語，放在定語從句的句首。如果定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞作該定語從句的主語或賓語時(shí)，也要改用關(guān)系代詞that或which來引導(dǎo)。例如：

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city This is the room where(＝in which)I lived last year.這就是我去年住過的房間。

Is this the classroom where(=in which)the old worker is going to make/give us a report? 這就是那位老工人要給我們做報(bào)告的教室嗎？

Let's look for a place where we can swim.咱們找一個(gè)可以游泳的地方吧。The building that is being built over there will be a new hospital.正在那邊建的樓房將是一家新醫(yī)院。(引導(dǎo)詞that作定語從句“that is being built over there”的主語)That is the factory(that)they visited last month.那就是他們上個(gè)月參觀過

副詞 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用關(guān)系副詞why。到底選用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)鍵是看它們在從句中是用作狀語(用關(guān)系副詞)還是用作主語或賓語(用關(guān)系代詞)。

如：Don’t forget the time(that)I’ve told you.不要忘記我告訴你的時(shí)間。(that用作told的賓語)

I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我與你共事的日子。(when用作狀語)

He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts.他在一家制造無線電零件的工廠工作。(that/ which 在從句中用作主語，且不能省略)

He works in the factory where his father worked.他在他父親工作過的那家工廠工作。(where作狀語)

That’s the reason(that /which)he explained to us.那就是他向我們解釋的理由。(that或which在從句中用作explained的賓語)

That’s the reason why she left home.那就是她離家出走的原因。(why在從句中作狀語)

* 英語中的關(guān)系副詞主要是 when, where, why三個(gè)，不要想當(dāng)然地將how用作關(guān)系副詞修飾the way。

如不說 This is the way how he spoke，可改為 This is how he spoke(how引導(dǎo)的是表語從句)，當(dāng)然也可說成 This is the way(that/ in which)he spoke.(其中的that/ in which可省略)

* 另外，when和where可引導(dǎo)限制性和非限制性定語從句，而why則只用于引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，不用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.星期天是假日，（這天）人們不上班。

He took us into the classroom , where there were only a few students.他把我們帶進(jìn)教室，那兒只有少數(shù)幾個(gè)學(xué)生。

* 在定語從句的使用中，one of后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，這個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞制約后面的定語從句的謂語動詞，用復(fù)數(shù)；而在one of 前面有the或 the only時(shí)，后面引導(dǎo)的定語從句中的謂語動詞則用單數(shù)形式。

He is the only one of the students who is elected?

Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident.定語從句練習(xí)

一、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.二、單項(xiàng)選擇

()1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’s the name of the program________.A.which are listening B.you are listening to C.to that you are listening D.that you are listening()3.The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A.in which B.in that this C.all that D.in everything()4.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.This is the museum______ we visited last year.A.where B.in which C.which D.in that()6.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Do you know the student_____? A.whom I often talk B.with who I often talk

C.I often talk with D.that I often talk()8.I like the house_____ windows face south.A.whose B.who’s

C.it's D.its()9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?

A.what I need B.I need C.which I need it D.that I need it()10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A.who B.to whom C.whom D.that（）

11、Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one（）

12、Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

13、Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

14、Mr.Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working（）

15、Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn

B.who

C.that learns D.who learn（）

16、We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that

（）

17、He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what

第五篇：定語從句講解和練習(xí)

定語從句

在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。它的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞, 用來修飾主句中的某一個(gè)名詞或代詞或整個(gè)主句，所以也稱之為形容詞性從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞, 關(guān)系詞除起連接作用外還在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定的句子成分.被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分的不同,關(guān)系詞可分為

關(guān)系代詞: who, whom(people), which(things), that, whose 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why。

Who 指人, 在從句中作主語

e.g.Your friend who studies in the college came to see you yesterday.This is the man who helped me.Whom 指人, 在從句中作動詞或介詞的賓語 e.g.The man whom you want to see has come.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.注：whom 通常被省略或用who/that 替換。常用于非限制性定于從句。Which 指物, 在從句中作主語,賓語，Which 在作賓語時(shí)可省略。e.g.Here is the book which tells about grammar.I have found the car which you lost yesterday.有時(shí)候，定語從句指的不是它前面的名詞，而是整個(gè)句子 e.g.He showed me a photo which upset me.He tore up my photo, which upset me.正確使用關(guān)系代詞, a.關(guān)系代詞前要有名詞(代詞)b.關(guān)系代詞在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中要充當(dāng)主語,賓語 c.否則,關(guān)系代詞前要接介詞, 該介詞可移至句尾.e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with.Whom 前有名詞, whom是賓格, 在從句中作賓語。Enjoy 後的動名詞working是由不及物動詞轉(zhuǎn)化Whom 不能直接作賓語, 所以要加介詞。e.g.He is a man for/ with whom I enjoy working.For 可移至句尾：e.g.He is a man whom I enjoy working with/ for.Whom/ which 作介詞后作賓語時(shí)不能省略.限定性定語從句與非限定性定語從句

非限定性定語從句用于對主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，沒有它不影響主句意思的完整，常用逗號把主句和從句分開。從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。

e.g.We were given a lovely double room, which had a sea view.I, who am blind, advise you to use your eyes well.專有名詞, 如: John, Peter, Beijing 獨(dú)一性名詞, 如: my father/mother, my school 被定語從句修飾時(shí), 由于本身具有特殊性,不需被定語從句加以限定。e.g.I like John, who works hard.I like my school, which is famous.限定性定語從句用于對主句先行詞加以限制或分類，是句中不可缺少的組成部分，主句和從句之間不能用逗號分開。

普通名詞不具有特殊性,定語從句為先行詞不可缺少的定語,省

去了則主句的意思就會不完整.從句前不可加逗號.e.g.I like the boy who studies hard.Is this the book which you were looking for.作關(guān)系代詞的 that 的用法: that 可以代替who, whom, which, 可指人,物，在從句中作主語, 賓語, 表語。e.g.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper.He is the man(whom/ that)I can trust.The letter(that /which)I received was from my father.注：作表語表身份時(shí)只能用that: e.g.He is not the man(who ×)that he was ten years ago.He is not the happy boy that he used to be.The teacher that you are should know how to teach grammar.在限制性定于從句中，用that替換其他關(guān)系代詞who, whom, which 應(yīng)注意: 1.其前不可置介詞

2.其前不可有逗點(diǎn)(不可用于非限定性定語從句)e.g.The earth on which we live is a big ball.The earth that / which we live on is a big ball.由that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.先行詞為不定代詞：all/ both/ neither/ none/ either/ each/ other/ others/ another/ much/ many/ few/ little/ one/ some/ anything/ nothing/everything等 e.g.All that we can do is to believe her.Is there anything that I can do for you.Much you have read is nonsense.2.先行詞被形容詞最高級, 序數(shù)詞, 修飾時(shí)

e.g.The first lesson that he gave was interesting.It is the most beautiful park that I have ever been to.This is the best that can be done now.3.先行詞被不定代詞all, every, no, some, any, little, few, much, each等, 和the only, the very, the same, the last修飾時(shí) e.g.This is the very dictionary that I want.The only thing that we could do was to wait.You may borrow any book that interest you.I have read all the books(that)you gave me.4.先行詞為數(shù)詞時(shí)

e.g.I caught two fish yesterday.Now you can see the two that are still alive.5.先行詞既有人又有物

e.g.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are well known.6.如果有兩個(gè)定語從句, 應(yīng)避免重復(fù)

e.g.The student that was punished is the monitor who studies hard.He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7.當(dāng)句中已有who/ which時(shí),定語從句要用that 而不用who(m)/ which e.g.Who is the person that is standing at the gate.Who is the man that is reading the newspaper? Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this.Of whom/which, etc.名詞和不定代詞(some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many and few)可以和 of whom/ of which 連用

e.g.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.He has written a book, the name of which I have forgotten.We’ve tested these boots, none of which is completely waterproof.這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以和表數(shù)量（quantity）和最高級（the superlatives）連用 e.g.a number of whom/three of which/half of which The majority of whom/the youngest of whom Of whom/which 在從句中作主語時(shí)，有以下兩種結(jié)構(gòu)

e.g.Do you see the house the windows of which are all broken?(of which the windows)The eighty passengers, ten of whom were British, all escaped.(of whom ten)

定語從句和不定式

介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞可以和不定式連用

e.g.We moved to the country so the children would have a garden in which to play.沒有介詞，不能用這種結(jié)構(gòu) I can’t think of anybody whom to invite.即使有介詞，這種結(jié)構(gòu)也非常正式和不常見的，我們常用更簡單的結(jié)構(gòu)。(?a garden to play in;?neighbours to quarrel with).Which as determiner 有時(shí)用抽象名詞(case, point, reason, situation, time等)來總結(jié)主句的內(nèi)容時(shí)，which 可以用作限定詞，構(gòu)成‘介詞+which+抽象名詞’ 構(gòu)成定語從句。可以和名詞連用的這種結(jié)構(gòu)很正式，常用在介詞之后，對所提的事進(jìn)行不從說明。

e.g.He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.It rained all night, during which time the ship broke in pieces.Whose 為關(guān)系代詞所有格, 由his/ her/ their/ my/ your/ its 等所有格變化而成.在引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作定語,可指人/物

e.g.This is John, whose father is a teacher.People whose home are in town want to live in the country.使用whose時(shí)要遵守下列原則

1.whose之前要有名詞

2.whose之后的名詞在從句中要做主語,賓語 3.否則, whose 之前要有介詞,介詞可移至句尾 e.g.I like John, whose father I don’t like.I like John, whose brother I want to make friends with.可用 the...of which/ of which...the 替換

e.g.I don’t like the building whose roof is blue.I don’t like the building the roof of which is blue.I don’t like the building of which the roof is blue.Of which除可以表示所屬關(guān)系外，還可用來表示整體和部分的關(guān)系，而whose 不能。e.g.He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant.The Chinese team got 16 gold medals, of which 12 were won by women.What 關(guān)系代詞 that 指代其前面的名詞，重復(fù)其語義.what 不是重復(fù)前面名詞，而是包括名詞的語義what = the things that?

e.g.I gave her just the money she needed.I gave her just what she needed.The thing that I’d like is a digital watch.What I’d like is a digital watch.As 關(guān)系代詞,常用在 the same...as/ such...as/ as...as 句型中 The same...as e.g.(主)He is the same person as come here yesterday.(賓)I have the same book as he is reading.(表)He is not the same man as he used to be.Such...as e.g.He is not such a man as will tell a lie.He is not such a bad man as you just talked about.Such a good student as he is will succeed.As...as e.g.He has as much money as is required.I have as many books as you(do).He is as good a student as Mary(is).Such...as引導(dǎo)定語從句/such...that結(jié)果狀語從句

e.g.They talked in such simple English as children could understand.They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.I will provide you with such things as you may need.He shut the window with such a force that the glass broke.The same...as 兩物相似/the same...that描述的是同一物 e.g.This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.As引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，代表主句或主句的一部分所表達(dá)的意思（通常不能指代某個(gè)名詞或代詞），可以放在主句前、后或中間，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，表示 ‘正如.../ 正像...’ A主語

e.g.As be said(announced, reported, known, seen, mentioned)As was reported on TV, the plane crashed.B賓語 e.g.As we know/as we all can see...C表語 e.g.As he is, he seems clever.which 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句一般不能放在主句前，而as 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。在句首時(shí)不能用which 替換。e.g.Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sad Taiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.3.as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)，意為“這一點(diǎn)、這件事”，常與 see，hope，expect，know，guess等動詞搭配；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句與主句有一種因果關(guān)系，可譯為“所以??”。e.g.Cyprus, as you all know, is in the Mediterranean.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.非限定性定語從句中，謂語動詞是連系動詞時(shí)，可以用as/which作主語。如果從句謂語動詞是行為動詞，則必須用which。

e.g.He married her, as was natural.She refused to take the medicine, which made her mother angry.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented her from going to Shenyang.He is absent, as is often the case.But 的用法

But本身具有否定意義，相當(dāng)于who/which/that...not But的先行詞往往是否定意義的代詞或名詞詞組，用雙重否定表強(qiáng)烈肯定 But的這一用法常見于在從句中作主語

There is no one but knows about this affair.(who doesn’t know about)There are few dictionaries but have a misprint or two.(that don’t have)

Than 的用法

用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，可在從句中作主語，其后直接接謂語。Don’t give him more money than is necessary.He smoked fewer cigarettes than were available.先行詞被比較級修飾,用關(guān)系代詞than連接 He did more than was required.The room is much bigger than suited my purpose.沒有明確的先行詞，有時(shí)把than看作連詞，其后省略了it。但實(shí)際使用中，than后從來不補(bǔ)上it，因?yàn)閠han本身在從句中可用作主語。

定語從句練習(xí)

用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空

1.He is the teacher usually helps us out.2.Who’s the teacher is in a red dress? 3.He is the teacher daughter won the first prize yesterday.4.I’ll tell you all he told me last month.5.I’ll tell you he told me last month.6.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.7.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.8.There are 2,000 workers here, two thirds of are women.9.we know now, bats come out only at night.10.Crousoe’s dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.單句改錯(cuò)

1.This is one of the best books which have ever been written.2.She is the girl whom I guess is a good student.3.This is the mountain which the top is always covered with snow.4.All is needed is a supply of oil.5.This is the new type of plane which parts are made in China.6.They talked about the people and things which they saw on their way to school.7.Is this museum the one which you visited last Saturday? 8.The boy with who John spoke is my brother.9.Will you please lend me the very book which you bought yesterday? 10.He lived in London for 3 years, during that time he learned some English.單項(xiàng)填空

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A.Which B.Where C.What D./ 2.Do you know the man _______? A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke 3.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A.all of which B.either of which C.both of that D.both of which 4.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who 5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when 6.The thief handed everything he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what C.whatever D.that 7.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A.as was B.which was C.as were D.which 8.This is one of the best films _______.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked 10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A.whom B.who C.which D.that 12.--Why does she always ask you for help?--There is no one else , is there? A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn 13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A.who B.who's C.which D.whose 14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A.all that B.all what C.that D.which 15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A.which B.who C.what D.as 16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A.who B.whom C.that D.as 17.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A.which B.whose C.what D./ 18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A.I went with B.with whom I went C.with who I went D.I went with him 19.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A.whose title B.its title C.the title of it D.the title of that 20.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A.who;/ B./;whom C.whom;/ D./;who

參考答案及解析

1.ACDBA DCAAA CBDAD DDBAD

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