第一篇：朗文 外研社 新概念4冊(cè) 第17課 教案

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第十七單元語(yǔ)法和句型

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第十七單元語(yǔ)法和句型

Lesson 17 A man-made disease 人為的疾病

In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising settlers unwisely introduced the European rabbit.This rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits.It overran a whole continent.It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle.Scientists discovered that this particular variety of rabbit(and apparently no other animal)was susceptible to a fatal virus disease, myxomatosis.By infecting animals and letting them loose in the burrows, local epidemics of this disease could be created.Later it was found that there was a type of mosquito which acted as the carrier of this disease and passed it on to the rabbits.So while the rest of the world was trying to get rid of mosquitoes, Australia was encouraging this one.It effectively spread the disease all over the continent and drastically reduced the rabbit population.It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated.There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable.Ironically, Europe, which had bequeathed the rabbit as a pest to Australia acquired this man-made disease as a pestilence.A French physician decided to get rid of the wild rabbits on his own estate and introduced myxomatosis.It did not, however, remain within the confines of his estate.It spread through France where wild rabbits are not generally regarded as a pest but as a sport and a useful food supply, and it spread to Britain where wild rabbits are regarded as a pest but where domesticated rabbits, equally susceptible to the disease, are the basis of a profitable fur industry.The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成體不定式

【課文原句】It caused devastation by burrowing and by devouring the herbage which might have maintained millions of sheep and cattle.【闖關(guān)例句】 1.have done sth must have done sth can have done sth could have done sth may have done sth 1

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第十七單元語(yǔ)法和句型

might have done sth 2.present

status position

must be a teacher 3.be doing sth must be watching TV

possibility

ought to have done sth should have done sth

You must have left your handbag in the theatre.你一定是把手提包忘在劇院了。Jack ________（肯定有事耽誤了）, or he’d be here by now.The prisoner ________（一定是從這條路逃走的）must have escaped this way, for there are footprints.They are sweating all over.They ________（一定在踢足球）.No matter how busy you were, you ________（至少可以寄張明信片）.You were stupid to go skiing there---you ________（會(huì)把你的腿摔斷）.I could have climbed that mountain ten years ago.十年前我本來(lái)是能夠登上那座山的。I ________（本可以成功）, but I didn’t try my best, so I feel regretful.You could have helped him in those circumstances.在那樣的情況下，你本來(lái)可以幫助他的。

If Peter had been driving faster, he ________（可能喪命了）.If it weren’t for having to leave England, I might have been tempted by that oil company’s

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第十七單元語(yǔ)法和句型

offer.要不是因?yàn)榈秒x開英國(guó)的話，我可能會(huì)接受是由公司的聘請(qǐng)了。

It would be a good thing to write to him, I should have thought.給他寫封信倒是很好，但是我沒(méi)有想到。

Martha did not accept the bad news.She ________（本應(yīng)把這當(dāng)成一個(gè)尋求其他機(jī)會(huì)的信號(hào)）.If you doubt his ability, you________（本不該雇他）in the first place.I think I should have thought sometimes that you couldn’t help thinking of the past.我想我本來(lái)應(yīng)該想到你不僅會(huì)想起過(guò)去。

The policeman said that the motorist ought to have stopped, but that he must have lost his head.警察說(shuō)駕駛員當(dāng)時(shí)是得停下來(lái)，要不然命都丟了。

In my opinion the offender ought to have been imprisoned, but they let him off with a caution.我認(rèn)為罪犯應(yīng)該判刑，但是他們給他個(gè)警告就釋放了。

This road ought to have been finished six months ago.這條路六個(gè)月前就該修好。

You oughtn’t to have driven that car with the brakes out of order.You might have had a serious accident.你原不該駕駛那輛制動(dòng)失效的汽車。你當(dāng)時(shí)有可能會(huì)遇到嚴(yán)重的意外事故。

She ought not to have taken his books without asking him.沒(méi)有問(wèn)他她本來(lái)不應(yīng)該把書拿走。

【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)】主語(yǔ)從句

【課文原句】It later became apparent that rabbits were developing a degree of resistance to this disease, so that the rabbit population was unlikely to be completely exterminated.【闖關(guān)例句】

（1）It is certain that he will win the match.（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.（4）It is strange that he should do that.（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)（10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)（13）It happened that the two cheats were there.(=The two cheats happened to be there)________that he didn’t come.很遺憾他沒(méi)來(lái)。

________ that he should know about this.他必須知道此事。________ that we be present.我們出席是至關(guān)重要的。

________ that this mission not fail.這項(xiàng)使命不失敗至關(guān)重要。

________ that a meeting be convened this week.本周開一次會(huì)非常重要。

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第十七單元語(yǔ)法和句型

________ that this tax be abolished.廢除這個(gè)稅是恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>

________ that so many people should lose their jobs.竟有這么多人失業(yè)這是不公平的。________ that she should have said nothing about it.她竟未談及此事令人驚訝。

________ that they should deny my request.他們竟然拒絕我的請(qǐng)求，這是不可思議的。

【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)】there be句型中的同位語(yǔ)從句

【課文原句】There were hopes, however, that the problem of the rabbit would become manageable.【闖關(guān)例句】

There are ___signs_____that the situation may be improving.有跡象表明情況可能好轉(zhuǎn)。There can be __no doubt______about his being the best man for the position.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他是這職位的最適當(dāng)人選。

There is __no possibility ______ that Bob can win the first prize in the match.鮑勃不可能贏得比賽的一等獎(jiǎng)。

There were unmistakable ___proof _____ that john had eaten up the jam.有確切的證據(jù)證明約翰吃完了果醬。

There’s ___chance likelihood__probability ___ of my flight being delayed.In that event I’ll phone to let you know.我的飛機(jī)可能會(huì)晚點(diǎn)，如果那樣的話，我會(huì)打電話告訴你。Is there any ________that he will carry out(any certainty of his carrying out)his undertaking? 有什么把握他會(huì)執(zhí)行他所承擔(dān)的工作？

Is there any ________that the accused men(’s)being in the town the day the crime was committed? 有任何證據(jù)表明案發(fā)的那一天被告是在鎮(zhèn)里嗎？

Is there any ________ that their team will be(any likelihood, possibility of their team’s being)defeated? 他們的隊(duì)有任何被擊敗的可能性嗎？

So far there is ________that spaceships from other planets do exist.到目前為止還未證明來(lái)自其它行星的宇宙飛船確實(shí)存在。

There is __no guarantee ______ that the doctor would make her out of danger.還不能保證醫(yī)生會(huì)使她脫險(xiǎn)。

There is abundant ________that cars have a harmful effect on the environment.充分的證據(jù)表明，汽車對(duì)環(huán)境有害。

【語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)】介詞賓語(yǔ)

【課文原句】The question became one of whether Man could control the disease he had invented.【闖關(guān)例句】

1、形容詞

Her pronunciation is far from perfect________.她的發(fā)音遠(yuǎn)非完美。

2、副詞

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第十七單元語(yǔ)法和句型

His uncle is back from abroad________.他叔叔從國(guó)外回來(lái)。

They live somewhere_nearby near here _______.他們住在這附近。

3、介詞短語(yǔ)

The boy jumped _from behind the door_______.這男孩從門后面跳了出來(lái)。

The ball rolled out from under the table ________.那個(gè)球從桌子底下滾出來(lái)了。

4、動(dòng)名詞

On arriving in Venice, we knew that it was a city of water.我們一到威尼斯就知道它是一座水城。

Don't forget to turn off the lights before leaving your classroom.離開教室以前別忘了關(guān)燈。

I succeeded in passing the driving test.我成功地通過(guò)了駕駛考試。

He entered the chemistry lab without being permitted.他未經(jīng)允許就進(jìn)入化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

5、動(dòng)詞原形

The policeman could not_but let _______ him go.警察無(wú)可奈何，只好讓他走了。

His father had nothing to do all day except________.他的父親整天無(wú)事可做，只是打牌。

6、不定式

The plane is about to take off.這架飛機(jī)快要起飛了。

The company had no choice but ________ me my money back.該公司除了向我退款外，別無(wú)辦法。

7、數(shù)詞

The students began to show up by ________.學(xué)生們開始三三兩兩地露面了。

When we went in we found his room at ________.我們走進(jìn)去的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)他屋里亂七八糟。

It is a book of English phonetics, grammar and usage ________.這是一本集英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法和習(xí)慣用法于一體的書。

There was only one piece of cake, but we can cut it________.只有一塊蛋糕，但我們可以把它切成兩半。

8、分詞

He spoke English so well that took it for _granted_______that he was an American.他講英語(yǔ)講得好極了，因此我一直認(rèn)為他是美國(guó)人。

I took it for ____granted _____that'd you'd want to come with us,so I bought you a ticket.我認(rèn)為你和我們一起去是理所當(dāng)然的，所以給你買了一張票。

9、疑問(wèn)句＋不定式短語(yǔ)

Marx gave us some advice on how to leaern English ________.馬克思就怎樣學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)給了我們一些忠告。

10、從句

She got very angry because of what he said ________.她因?yàn)樗f(shuō)的話而非常生氣。I am thinking of ________.我正在考慮怎樣為人民做更多的事。

Remain stay Unconscious Verb

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第十七單元語(yǔ)法和句型

Ashore

Shore

Sleep asleep Fire

afire Float

afloat Prefix in on

Enslave Encage Empower Entitle

Behead Befriend

Important Load v Trust v adj.unimportant

unload

v

mistrust

v

adj.6

新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)第十七單元語(yǔ)法和句型

Scent Smell fragrance odour bad

ensue

the ensuing day

what will ensue from this?

A Crack between two rocks The door Opened a crack

第二篇：朗文 外研社 新概念4冊(cè) 第2課 教案

第二課 flocks and herds 牛群和羊群 Flock 多用于羊群

The birds of the same feather flock together。物以類聚，人以群分 You are the same flock。一路之人

也可指人

Herd 多用于牛群 cow herd 牛郎 cowboy 群 school shoal 人群 throng and crowd swarm 2 owe 欠 I owe you I owe you a big favor.欠 issue Oblige indebt appreciate 常用口語(yǔ) I am much oblige.I feel indebt to you 正式 grateful thankful 3 beast n.形容人野蠻無(wú)比 不能用animal 形容 Creature 可以指可愛小孩，女人 不用于男性 4 fraction n.小部分

分?jǐn)?shù)，小數(shù)

I will finish it in fraction time.馬上就完了 A fraction of rice will suffice.一點(diǎn)就夠了 5 on one’s behalf

I beat you on your behalf.打你是為你好 Spare v.不傷害，寬恕 On behalf of sb/sth On behalf of the Chinese government.Extend to On behalf of =represent On one’s behalf =For one’s sake /benefits.6 authority n.Authorize 授權(quán)，批準(zhǔn) authoritative 權(quán)威性的 authoritarian 獨(dú)裁的-tarian 帶有這種詞綴的都是壞詞 Dictator 獨(dú)裁者 dictatorial 獨(dú)裁的

Authorities 1 權(quán)威（可單數(shù)可復(fù)數(shù)）2 當(dāng)局（只能用復(fù)數(shù)）

現(xiàn)在用更多的是 administration 中國(guó)用government 7 census 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字

The fifth nationwide population census.人口普查 Censor 人口審查員 censorious 太挑剔的，挑刺的 The girl is very censorious in food.8 acre n英畝

acre =4047 square meters.Cubic meter 立方米 9 football pitch 足球場(chǎng)

Football yard football court football field soccer(沒(méi)事足球，美).Rugby 橄欖球 10 be content with 滿足于

內(nèi)容,目錄 n 滿足做表語(yǔ)，不能出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) He is content with status quo.滿足于現(xiàn)狀 Contented heart 心滿意足的人 11 Spare v.不傷害 Spare me.He doesn’t spare himself.自立 be strict with himself.I spare no efforts to learn English.不遺余力 Spare no efforts 不遺余力。連綴怎么用

Stupefy 嚇呆了

Do do my shoes 系鞋帶 do my nail 剪指甲 Do my hair –only for ladies 女士做頭

多了解小詞的用法 蜘蛛的問(wèn)題

Why,you may wonder—you may wonder way 插入語(yǔ)

先不管插入語(yǔ)，弄清句子結(jié)構(gòu)

You may wonder why spiders should be our friends? 插入語(yǔ)位置不固定 Why 以疑問(wèn)句開頭

Why ,you may wonder,the problem of pollution befalls human beings.Why,you may wonder,one of my friends is so kindhearted.Destroy 程度比damage要重得多 片甲不留，消滅光 Tear into pieces 撕了粉碎

文章非常緊湊

Greatest enemies 天敵 dying enemy 天敵 crying enemy dear enemy Human race 人的種族 一般不加復(fù)數(shù)，表示一個(gè)總稱詞 It –to live Impossible.和Possible 永遠(yuǎn)不要以人開頭 It is impossible for sb to do something.Likely 可以人作主語(yǔ) I’m likely to go probable 不以人作主語(yǔ) They would 表示假設(shè)

Devour 狼吞虎咽 devour the food make a cake of myself.今天我要吃個(gè)痛快 Make a god of myself 玩?zhèn)€痛快 devour the book 貪婪的看這本書 It 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 前面是主句，下面是條件句

前面一般的加動(dòng)詞devour ,后面的用一般過(guò)去時(shí) If it were not for 如果這不是因?yàn)?/p>

I would not survive if it were not for his timely help.But for 一定是虛擬語(yǔ)氣 But for=if it were not for Owe I owe 5 yuan to you.I owe you l lot 感激不盡

引出主題

All of them put together 把他們堆到一起 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是kill Destroyed –后置定語(yǔ) 重心轉(zhuǎn)到spider.鋪墊法

We two put together can match him in weight.Moreover 表示重要的遞進(jìn)手段

What’s more furthermore.Do harm to 表傷害

As many people think 正如人們認(rèn)為一樣 as =spiders are not insects 甚至幾乎和他們沒(méi)有任何的聯(lián)系 只讀英語(yǔ)，不讀漢語(yǔ) Tell 區(qū)別 區(qū)分 glance 看的全 glimpse 稍微一撇，看不全 Take glimpse of take a glance.Are engaged in 從事 the line is engaged 占 she is engaged 訂婚 On 對(duì)什么的權(quán)威 Censes 調(diào)查研究 2,250,000-two million two hundred fifty thousand.6,000,000—six million Something like =about I’m something like 100 pounds in weight.Of different kinds –all kinds of 6.000.000 spiders Something like different kinds of 6,000,000 spiders.Busy in doing something.Make guess at 猜… make wild guess 瞎猜 Make more than the wildest guess at 最高程度由你猜

表伴隨—not content with three meals a day.一日三餐 It has been estimated 狀語(yǔ)法 Would 表假設(shè)

說(shuō)明 1 昆蟲數(shù)量殺得多 2 英國(guó)人太少

幽默的語(yǔ)調(diào)

Grasshopper 螞蚱 jobhopper 跳槽者

Cuckoo 布谷鳥 杜鵑 dragonfly 蜻蜓 earthworm 蚯蚓 Flea 跳蚤 wall lizard 壁虎 ladybird 瓢蟲

第三篇：朗文 外研社 新概念4冊(cè) 第1課 教案

第一課 recount v.敘述

讀音重音節(jié)在后

Record 第一個(gè)音節(jié)帶重音，名前動(dòng)后 Bonus recount 再來(lái)一次

敘述 recount emotionless describe depict a little emotional narrate temporal&special 時(shí)間空間 流水賬式 實(shí)際順序往下排 portray strong case 畫人給人以肖像的描述 描述 2 saga n.英雄故事

Mostly real from North Europe Vikings(pirates)北歐海盜 海盜活動(dòng)的故事演繹過(guò)來(lái)

海盜有英雄氣概 3 legend n.傳奇 Unreal Robin Hood He legend figure 4 anthropologist 人類學(xué)家 Anthrop Philosopher =philo+sopher 愛+智慧=哲學(xué)家 Philanthropist 慈善家 對(duì)人有愛心的人 Anthropology 人類學(xué)

Biology 生物學(xué) geography地理學(xué) ecology 生態(tài)學(xué) 5 Ancestor an-在前面

Forefather, forebear 一個(gè)人在前邊承擔(dān)重?fù)?dān)責(zé)任 Predecessor 6 Polynesia 波利尼西亞 Poly –多

Polyandric : a wife with more than one husband.Polygeny: 一夫多妻制 7 Indonesia 8 flint n.碎石

Border 路上的石頭 cobble 鵝卵石 沙灘的石頭

Don’t act as you were the only cobble on the beach 不要自以為是 Flinting hearted 殘忍無(wú)比 9 rot The leaves rot Leave me rot.=leave me alone.Rot to death自生自滅

Soon ripe,soon rotten 熟得快，爛得快 神童太聰明不好哦 He is rotten to core.這個(gè)人壞死了 Decay 腐爛 國(guó)家衰亡 Decompose 動(dòng)物肢體分解 Deteriorate兩國(guó)關(guān)系惡化 10 trace Find out Trace the problem.跟的很近，一步步找

I follow your trace.你去哪我去哪 I follow wherever you go.11 fossil 化石 讀文章可以斷句

Read off 讀到 read 是正在讀 談到 speak of ,talk of ,know of ,hear of I hear of him.Near East近東 Mediterranean 地中海附近South Europe, North Africa Far East 遠(yuǎn)東 China Japen 非限定性從句 表原因

口語(yǔ)要先于書面語(yǔ) Oral(speaken)language is earlier than written language.Come earlier Precede Counterpart :two things or two people have the same position.Oral(spoken)language is earlier than written counterpart.So there is no written history Preserve: 保留 保存

Preserved vegetable 保存的蔬菜（腌制的）

如果句子中有Only,那么后面跟的表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)就要用to do sth,而不是doing sth Hand down 流傳

Storytell 講故事的人 fortuneteller，palmreader 算命先生

Migration 移民 1）migrant 2)immigrant 進(jìn)去的v.migrate 遷徙 migratory bird 候鳥

None: no body People+s ：民族 If they had any 即便是有

His relatives,if he had,never went to vist him when he was hospitalized.Neiter AE ni BE nai Find out 千方百計(jì)，費(fèi)勁周折=explore After two years’ relation ,I found out he is a nice gay.Modern men: the men who were like ourselves.However –anywhere you want,要加逗號(hào)

But,yet 不要加任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)；only at the beginning of the sentence Therefore-自由 he is therefore a liar he is a liar therefore So-不自由

Tool 小工具 instrument 實(shí)驗(yàn)器械 equipment 設(shè)備 Shape 成型，教育，改造

Education shapes a man 教育改變?nèi)?May also have: 表推測(cè)，事實(shí)及其微弱 Peel 果皮

Leather 皮革（加工過(guò)的）Hide 獸皮 Cowhide 牛皮

Without(any)trace 無(wú)影無(wú)蹤

I ran after the thief ,but he disappeared without any trace.預(yù)讀 劃線 sharpen your ear sharpen your mouth

第四篇：朗文 外研社 新概念4冊(cè) 第3課 教案

第三課 alpinist n 登山者 Climber Mountaineer Alps 阿爾卑斯 alpine 來(lái)源 Alps range 山系 2 attain To get to To arrive at/in To attaion one’s goal

To attaion one’s goal = realize To attaion the top/peak/summit Attaion youth 永葆青春 Attainment n.達(dá)到

Attainments 成就 只有復(fù)數(shù)當(dāng)成就 Accomplishment 成就 3 perilous a.危險(xiǎn)的 Peril 隨時(shí)可能到來(lái)的危險(xiǎn) Avalanche 雪崩 4 shudder vi.不寒而栗

Tremble,quiver,shiver,shudder Shudder :quick and sudden 一想到 骷髏 Shiver:cold and nervous Quiver:excitement ,maybe cold 中獎(jiǎng) Tremble: long and very obvious.5 go out of one’s way 故意地

專門 I will go out my way to send you home Too much for me 消費(fèi)不起 By the way 順路 6 court vt.追求 Multiple meaning 1 Court 朝廷 courtier 朝臣 愛卿 2 courteous 彬彬有禮的 3 法庭

娛樂(lè)場(chǎng) soccer/football court/golf court/tennis court 5 追求 I wanna court sb.6 招致 pride courts failure 驕兵必?cái)?7 solitary a.唯一的，孤獨(dú)的（不是口語(yǔ)詞）Solo 獨(dú)唱，獨(dú)奏

Solitude 孤獨(dú) I live in solitude.=I live a lonely life.8 pioneer n.先驅(qū)者

Young pioneer 少先隊(duì)員 9 impoverish 使貧困 Poor A great many men will cheerfully face impoverishment if they can secure Complete ruin for their rivals.hence present level of taxation.如果看到對(duì)手完全落魄，樂(lè)觀面對(duì)貧困，10 coarse a 粗劣的 Coarse throat 嗓子啞 Sore throat 嗓子發(fā)炎 Coarse fare 粗糧 Refined fare 細(xì)糧 Coarse and refined.In a coarse manner 粗暴無(wú)利 11 boast vt.夸

以人做主語(yǔ)，表示夸耀

He boasted(that)of his knowledge.以物做注意，表示擁有

The center boasts a team of high quality(qualified researchers)12 parishoner n 教區(qū)居民 Parish 教區(qū) 13 shepherd n 牧羊人 Sheep 羊 Herd 群 14 linen n.亞麻布

Route 一條線，一條路

Good sports 充滿享受，刺激： stimulus(刺激)thrilling(震撼，興奮)比較的特殊形式 Regard 珍重，珍視

He is highly regarded in the village.Regard sb with sth(感情詞)love,hatred,horror,respect.Daddy,I regard you with horror.Pioneering days.=ancient Not at all 根本 case 這回事

It’s not the case at all.根本不是那回事 Be doing.表示當(dāng)時(shí)的行動(dòng)（狀態(tài)）Top 頂點(diǎn)

Summit,peak The scenery is at the peak of the mountain.景色在山頂 Prize 嘉獎(jiǎng)

Sought 原形是seek I am at the top of the world.Summit meeting 峰會(huì)

The meeting between leaders.Attain:到達(dá) Conquer:征服

Be of the most perilous nature.重點(diǎn)

主語(yǔ)后置，避免頭重腳輕 Nature 特點(diǎn)，特性

The most perilous difficulties and dangers,of the most perilous nature.He is the kindest man.He is the man of the kindest nature.Equipped,表示當(dāng)時(shí)是一種伴隨 In a manner 以這樣的方式 Make sb do sth.At the thought 一想到，一提到（mention）,一想到（idea）

一想到什么東西，后面加介詞of At the thought of their poor equipment Go out of one’s way 刻意 intentionally Eye catching 引人注目 The real living conditions To，不定式主語(yǔ)從句

Nowadays,插入語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在回想起來(lái)，刻意放在居首/句末 Except for 把其中一部分扣除

Zermatt 在瑞士 Chamonix 在法國(guó) Popular 流行 Alpine Tend to be 傾向于 逐漸變成什么狀態(tài) Settlement 生存地，住咋地 Cut off=which are cut off.Power is cut off 停電了

Inn :small hotel 小飯店 holiday inn:假日旅館 inn三分之一的價(jià)錢，不是很豪華，適合游客

Flea-ridden 跳蚤

As they were 可以這么說(shuō)，as it were 語(yǔ)氣委婉 This book is ,as it were,his life portrait.人生寫照 Was Local 當(dāng)?shù)氐?Vodka 伏特加 Wine 低度酒 Alcohol 酒精

Alcoholic 酒鬼 workholic 工作迷 Boast 擁有 Priest 牧師 Shepherd 牧羊人 Invariably=all the same.Dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable.不推薦這種寫作方法，and并列 Accustomed to 后置定語(yǔ) Course 一道菜 Change 適應(yīng)

Must have been 表示推測(cè)

Be accustomed to =be used to +名詞，動(dòng)名詞

I am used to the life in Beijing/I am used to living in Beijing.Seven-course dinners.早餐 scratch a meal Noon(中午)snack(快餐)Evening(晚上)，dinner 家人團(tuán)聚時(shí)間，最好不要打電話打擾 The change to Education brings great change to his outlook/view on life.人生觀

第五篇：朗文 外研社 新概念4冊(cè) 第19課 教案

It is fairly clear that sleeping period must have some function, and because there is so much of it the function would seem to be important.很清楚，睡眠必然具有某種作用。睡眠占去那么多時(shí)間，所以其作用似乎還是很重要。Speculations about is nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest.人們對(duì)睡眠作用的種種猜測(cè)，確實(shí)有數(shù)千年之久。一項(xiàng)使人對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題感到困惑的奇怪的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，睡眠在很大程度似乎并不僅僅是為了使身體得到休息。

? speculation n.推測(cè) speculate , predict;speculation: without a complete knowledge ? predict: based on solid foundation.? speculate about/on sth.in stocks/ speculator I can predict in the near future there will be new type of mobile phone that is visible mobile phone.? literally ad.確實(shí) literal / literature / literate / illiterate / illiteracy literal translation 直譯法 free translation word to word 逐字翻譯法 The children are literally hungry.孩子們真的餓了。

? odd a.奇特的 eccentricity / eccentric, oddity / eccentricity , odd month 大月

leap month 閏月 /even month 小 ? bizarre/ weird / outlandish 怪

? dream telling / dream teller / fortune teller / palm reader ? 'Rest', in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down.? “休息”，從使肌肉得到放松等方面來(lái)看，只要稍微躺一躺，甚至坐一坐就能達(dá)到。

? 1.in terms of … 就…而言 In terms of our family, we would like to go on an outing.? 2.As for … with regard to,/regarding in respect of / as for ? 3.overthrow our former hypothesis 推翻了我們以前的論點(diǎn) ? 4.a brief period doing…稍微 ? The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best when more or less continuously active.? 人體組織在一定程度上有自我修補(bǔ)和自我恢復(fù)的能力，有張有弛地連續(xù)活動(dòng)時(shí)，其功能最佳。

? 1.tissue n.組織（纖維，神經(jīng)，肌肉…組織）face tissue 面巾紙 ? 2.to a degree : to some extent / in a sense ? 3.when more or less continuously active.省略了主語(yǔ) tissues 和謂語(yǔ) are.如果出現(xiàn) when / if / though 句型做狀語(yǔ)從句，而主句的主，謂語(yǔ)與從句主，謂語(yǔ)相同，則從句的主，謂語(yǔ)可以省略。I got to the school though(I was)late.? In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity.? 事實(shí)上，睡眠狀態(tài)下仍有著基本的活動(dòng)量，以防止肌肉活動(dòng)停止。? 1.be concerned with : be about ? 2.be concerned about ? If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain that needs resting? ? 如果睡眠的功能不是在于使身體得到休息，那么也許是讓大腦得以休息？ This might be a plausible hypothesis were it not for two factors.若不是下面兩點(diǎn)，這種假使似乎是有道理的。

? plausible n.似乎有理的；區(qū)別 reasonable.What you said is reasonable.I will accept it.What you said is plausible, but it is not very practical nowadays.convincing / persuasive ? hypothesis n.假說(shuō) thesis / theory , hypo/ hypotension 低血壓，hypocritical，hypocrite 偽君子 hypertension 高血壓，hypercritical/picky/finicky 太挑剔 hypersensitive 過(guò)敏

I am hypersensitive to beef / alcohol.? might be 表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣 were it not = if it were not ? but for 若不是

If it were not for his timely help, I would not survive.But for his timely help, I would not survive.First the electroencephalograph(which is simply a device for recording the electrical activity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp)shows that while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence that the total amount of activity is any less.第一點(diǎn)，腦電圖記錄儀（不過(guò)是一種把電極接到頭皮上記錄腦電活動(dòng)的儀器）顯示，人在睡眠時(shí)大腦活動(dòng)的方式有變化，但沒(méi)有跡象表明，其活動(dòng)總量有任何減少。1.electroencephalograph n.腦電圖儀 electrode n.電極 lightning rod 避雷針 2.scalp n.頭皮 skull 頭顱，have the scalp of sb.取勝某人 3.lie flat / lie on one's side / lie on stomach Some years ago an American psychiatrist named William Dement published experiments dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep.前些年，美國(guó)一位精神病學(xué)者發(fā)表了一篇報(bào)告，報(bào)告中記錄了眼球在睡眠時(shí)的活動(dòng)情況。

1.psychiatrist n.精神病學(xué)家 psychology 2.dealing with : be concerned with He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid.他指出，平常人的睡眠周期中不時(shí)伴有一陣陣奇怪的眼球隊(duì)活動(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)有的飄忽而緩慢，有的急劇而快速。

1.punctuate vt.不時(shí)介入 punctuate the passage 給段落加注標(biāo)點(diǎn)，punctuation 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) He punctuates in our talk.punctual / on the dot / in good time / puncture/ acupuncture 2.butt in 插句話

3.jerky a.急動(dòng)的 jerk 煩/bore / trial / nuisance If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were no exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected.如果有兩組人，一組人連續(xù)幾夜在眼球活動(dòng)時(shí)被叫醒；另一組人也是連續(xù)幾夜被叫醒，但是在眼球沒(méi)活動(dòng)時(shí)被叫醒的。結(jié)果，第一組人開始出現(xiàn)性格失常，而第二組人似乎沒(méi)受什么影響。

1.on end 連續(xù)不斷地 I have been learning English for a month on end.It has been raining for three days on end.2.exhibiting : showing The implications of all this were that it was not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.這一切暗示我們：睡眠受到干憂沒(méi)關(guān)系，而做夢(mèng)受到干憂是有問(wèn)題的。1.implication n.表明 imply , What does the second speaker imply ? You said it./ You can say it again.2.explicate(反）