第一篇：動詞不定式教案

動詞不定式教案

教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1.學(xué)會什么是動詞不定式 2.會使用動詞不定式 重難點

1.能正確的使用動詞不定式的各種用法 教學(xué)步驟

Grammar: 動詞不定式 Ⅰ.不定式句法功能

1.作主語：The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible.不定式短語作主語時，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情況下，尤其是在疑問句和感嘆句中，往往放在謂語之后，而用先行代詞it作形式主語。→ The cat said, “It’s terrible to take roller coaster.” How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrible it is to take roller coaster? 不定式作主語常見句型：

a)It is + adj.(easy, important, difficult…)+ 不定式

b)It is + n.(a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame)+ 不定式

eg.It’s my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.c)It takes/needs/requires + some time(hours, months, days, patience…)+ 不定式 eg.It requires patience to be a good teacher.2.作表語：當(dāng)句子的主語是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主語是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時，后面可以用不定式做表語，用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。

eg.Our most important task now is to make a plan.注：作表語的不定式都帶to，但當(dāng)主語部分有實義動詞do時，to可以省略。eg.The only thing we can do now is wait and see.3.作賓語

The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.a)可以直接用不定式作賓語的動詞很多，常見的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等 I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.A.to sound B.to be sounded C.sounding D.to have sounded 當(dāng)不定式短語比賓補長時，往往將不定式放到賓補后，而用先行代詞it作形式賓語，常用動詞有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b)不定式一般不作介詞的賓語，只有少數(shù)介詞如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語。一般情況下作介詞賓語的不定式都帶to，如果but或except所在句子里的謂語動詞都是實義動詞do, does, did時，通常省略to。Eg.We have no choice but to wait.Cf.We can do nothing but wait.4.賓語補足語

在SVOC句型中，許多動詞都可以按不定式作賓語補足語。

a)通常作賓語補語的不定式要帶to，常用于以下動詞之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等 You should get them to help you.但在謂語動詞believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be…作賓補，不跟to do…

eg.They believe him to be honest.b)以下兩類動詞后跟不定式作賓補時不能帶to ①一些表示“致使”意義的動詞，如：let, have, make等

②一些表示感覺的動詞，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等 Don’t let the children trouble you.I heard someone open the door.但當(dāng)這兩類動詞為被動態(tài)時，不定式就成了主補。作主補的不定式必須加上to His father made him go to bed early.→He was made to go to bed early by his father.5.作定語

不定式可以在句子充當(dāng)后置定語，修飾名詞。以下幾類情況常用不定式作定語：

①能帶不定式作賓語的動詞，其同源名詞可以帶不定式作定語。常見的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等

eg.He hasn’t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.②常與不定式搭配的形容詞，其同源名詞一般可以用不定式作定語。常見的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等

eg.His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.③序數(shù)詞形容詞最高級或被only, last, next等修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語： She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.Tips: 不定式在作定語時，有時與被修飾的名詞有意義上的主謂關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、動賓關(guān)系，如果該不定式是不及物動詞，它后面需要加上適當(dāng)介詞。Eg.He’s always the first to come and the last to leave.主謂關(guān)系

I’ve no time to listen to your excuse.同位關(guān)系

She has a meeting to attend.（動賓關(guān)系=attend a meeting）

There’s nothing to worry about.(動賓關(guān)系=worry about nothing)6.作狀語

不定式可以作狀語，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。

①to…, in order to …, so as to …(不能放在句首)作目的狀語

All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.in order to receive C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving ②在so…as to, such….as to, only to …結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式作結(jié)果狀語，其中only to…用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果。

He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.③enough to, too…to結(jié)構(gòu) eg.The boy isn’t old enough to go to school.= The boy is too young to go to school.④形容詞（happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式結(jié)構(gòu) eg.I’m glad to meet you.The question is different to answer.He is hard to get along with.7.作插入語，用來說明說話人的態(tài)度、看法、對整個句子進(jìn)行解釋，如to be frank（坦白地說），to be sure（確實）等。Eg.To tell you the truth, I hate you.8.作同位語

eg.The order to start the general attack soon came.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，以it為形式主語或形式賓語引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，如果其前的形容詞是指行為的性質(zhì)就用：for sb.to do sth.這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語等。

It is necessary for me to learn English well.如果該形容詞是指行為的性質(zhì)，同時又指行為的人，則用of sb.to do sth.。這種句式中的常用形容詞有：right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。

eg.It’s very kind of you to come to see me.連接代（副）詞+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why），在句中起名詞的作用，通常跟在諸如tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等動詞后作賓、主語或表語。

Eg.No one can tell me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown.The problem is how to get enough money.不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動式

①不定式的進(jìn)行式由to be + V-ing構(gòu)成，用來表示謂語動詞動作發(fā)生時，不定式的動作正在進(jìn)行。

Eg.Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in.②不定式完成式由to have + V-ed構(gòu)成，用來表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。Eg.---Is Bob still performing?---I’m afraid not.He is said _______ the stage already as he has become an official.A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been D.to be left 答案是A ③不定式的被動式分為一般式被動to be V-ing和完成式被動to have been V-ed。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動語態(tài)。Eg.It is an honour for me to be invited to the party.The book is said to have been translated into many languages.All these gifts must be mailed immediately _____ in time for Christmas.A.in order to have received B.in order to receive C.so as to be received D.so as to be receiving

第二篇：動詞不定式教案和練習(xí)

Infinitives 動詞不定式

教學(xué)目標(biāo)：

1.掌握動詞不定式的幾種形式

2.掌握動詞不定式在句子中可以作什成分

3.掌握動詞不定式用法/功能 4.掌握運用動詞不定式注意事項 教學(xué)難點：動詞不定式用法

教學(xué)方法：通過放映幻燈片，教師講解，學(xué)生思考，最后總結(jié)的方法來實現(xiàn)本課的教學(xué)任務(wù)。

教學(xué)過程：

Step1.出示幻燈片讓學(xué)生了解動詞不定式的幾種形式 1.動詞不定式的基本形式

? to + 動詞原形

?

有時可以不帶to(禿頭不定式）2.動詞不定式的否定形式 not/never + to do not/never + do 3.不定式的邏輯主語

It’s good for you to do morning exercises.The question is too difficult for us to answer.It’s too dark for me to see anything in the room.It’s very kind of you to think of the others.如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個for(of)引起的短語。介詞for(of)的賓語叫不定式的邏輯主語。

Step2.請學(xué)生思考：動詞不定式在句子中可以作什成分？ 學(xué)生得出結(jié)論：

1.作 主語 2.作賓語

3.作賓語補足語 4.作定語 5.作狀語 5.作狀語 6.作表語

7.與疑問詞等連用

Step3.出示幻燈片讓學(xué)生根據(jù)總結(jié)結(jié)果加強(qiáng)記憶。Step4.討論動詞不定式用法/功能，并總結(jié)：(1).作主語

To see is to believe.It’s exciting to surf on the Internet

作主語的不定式如果很短，通常位于句首；若不定式（短語）較長時，常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語（即動詞不定式）放在后面以避免頭重腳輕。(2)賓語

I want to go home.The workers decided to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有： want, hope, wish, refuse, learn, would like, choose, decide, agree, pretend, expect, plan …

He found it very difficult to get to sleep 不定式作賓語時，如帶有賓語補足語，則要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式賓語，構(gòu)成“主語+動詞+it+賓補（形容詞、名詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。感官動詞和使役動詞等后接不定式作賓補 時，需省to。但在被動語態(tài)中要還帽子。The boss makes them work 15 hours a day.I saw the accident happen yesterday.He was made to do his work(by me).(3).賓補

The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.He often helps me(to)repair my bike.常用動詞不定式作賓補的動詞有： tell, ask, want, warn, wish, allow, encourage, expect, teach, help(4).定語

I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.動詞不定式若在句中作定語，常放在被修 飾的名詞或代詞后。如果不定式中的動詞 是不及物動詞,則要帶上與之搭配的介詞，構(gòu)成及物動詞短語。(5)狀語

He got up early to catch the train.Let’s stop to have a rest.I’m very happy to see you.He’s too young to go to school.She is old enough to dress herself 動詞不定式作狀語主要用來表示目的，原因，或結(jié)果等。(6).表語

My job is to help the patient.Your task is to clean the classroom.不定式可以放在be動詞后，形成表語。(7)與疑問詞連用

He didn’t know what to say.(賓語)

How to solve the problem is very important.(主語)

My question is when to start.(表語)不定式與疑問詞who, which, when, how, what

等連用，形成帶疑問詞的不定式。在句中起名

詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。

在與why連用時，只用于why或why not開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶to。

Why do sth.? Why not do sth.? Step5出示幻燈片讓學(xué)生注意幾個易錯點。

1.有些動詞既可跟不定式作賓語，也可跟動名詞作賓語，但含義不同：

remember to do

記住要做某事；

remember doing 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事

forget to do

忘記要做某事

forget doing

忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事

stop to do

停下來去做某事

stop doing

停止做某事

go on to do

繼續(xù)做另一件事

go on doing

繼續(xù)做原來在做的事 I remember seeing you somewhere before.我記得以前在哪兒見過你。

Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.離開時請記得關(guān)好燈。I forgot to tell her about it.我忘記告訴她這件事。I forgot telling her about it.我忘記了曾把這件事告訴過她。

2.感官動詞后既可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補，也可跟v-ing作賓補，前者表示動作的全部過程已結(jié)束；后者表示動作正在進(jìn)行。I saw him come downstairs.我看見他下了樓。（說明他下樓了這件事）I saw him coming downstairs.我看見他在下樓。（說明他下樓時的情景）I heard someone calling me.I heard my name called.Step6.通過練習(xí)來加強(qiáng)學(xué)生對本課知識的掌握。

Fill in each blank with the proper word from the brackets: 1.Mike wants ________(go)to a park on Sunday.2.The teacher often tells us ___________(not be)late.3.My brother is too young ________(join)the army.4.It takes me an hour _____(do)my homework every day.5.Do you have anything _________(say)?

6.His parents often make him _______(do)a lot of exercises.7.He took lessons _________(learn)how _________(sing).8.Mother told him ___________(not play)football in the street.9.I’m very glad ____________(pass)the exam.10.Your skirt is nice.Let me _________(have)a look.11.The students were made ___________(copy)the text three times.12.You’d better ________(not go)there because it is dark.13.I have a lot of homework _________(do)every day.14.The little boy likes _____________________(answer)

questions.15.Would you like __________(join)us? 16.Mr.Wang taught me ___________(play)basketball.17.My watch needs _______________________(repair).18.I find it important ________(learn)English well.19.It is difficult ______________(answer)this question.20.Yesterday I saw the accident _________(happen).21.The important thing is __________(save)lives.22.I often help my mother ____________(do)housework.23.We often hear Mary ___________(sing)in her room.24.We are tired.Let’s stop ____________(have)a rest.25.It’s very kind of you __________(think)so much of us.26.It’s easy for me ____________(repair)the bike.27.There is nothing ___________(worry)about.28.I am rich enough ____________(buy)a car.29.Why not __________(go)with me? 30.Don’t forget _________(close)the door when you leave.Correct the mistakes: 1.The man was tired enough to stop having a rest.2.What words can you use describe the beautiful scene? 3.The teacher told us to not make so much noise.4.They are often seen play on the playground.5.You’d better not to go out alone at night.6.I want to find a chair to sit.7.It’s very nice for you to help me.8.It’s good of you to do morning exercises.9.He found this difficult to learn Japanese.10.I often hear him singing in the next room.11.He needs seeing a doctor.

第三篇：不定式和動詞-ing練習(xí)

九年級英語講義

不定式和動詞-ing

不定式和動詞-ing 形式都可以作賓語，為了方便記憶，現(xiàn)總結(jié)一些技巧和口訣：

1．通常只能接動詞-ing 形式作賓語的動詞(或動詞短語)：

建議抵制享受——(suggest，advise； resist； enjoy)

考慮承認(rèn)冒險——(consider； admit； risk)

避免推遲實踐——(avoid； delay； practise)

期待成功完成——(look forward to； succeed in； finish)

2．通常只能接不定式作賓語的動詞：

agree(同意)； offer(提出)； intend，plan(打算，計劃)； demand，ask(要求)； promise(答應(yīng))； help(幫忙)； prepare(準(zhǔn)備)； decide(決定)； refuse(拒絕)； dare(敢于)； choose(選擇)； wish，hope，want，expect(希望，想要)； fail（不能；忘記）； pretend(假裝)； manage(設(shè)法)； determine（決心）同意提出做計劃，要求答應(yīng)來幫忙。

準(zhǔn)備決定遭拒絕，敢于選擇有希望。

不能做到莫假裝，設(shè)法做成決心堅。

3． 既能接不定式，又能接動詞-ing 形式，但意思不同的動詞或詞組：

即“四?記?”“力爭”“不后悔”。四“記”指“記得、記住（remember）”；“忘記（forget）”“計劃、打算（mean）”；“繼續(xù)（go on)”；力爭指“try”；“不”“后悔”指stop與regret。

[跟蹤練習(xí)]

請翻譯下列句子，并用心體會動詞不定式和動詞-ing 形式的不同含義。

1.The doctor tried to cure the woman of her illness, so he tried treating her with a new medicine.2.The teacher asked us to go on reading the text instead of going on to do the exercises.3.What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him again.4.When the teacher said angrily, “Stop talking, children”, the pupils stopped to write their compositions.5.I regretted to tell him that he had been dismissed.To my surprise, he said to me, “I am not sad, I only regret having taken the wrong job.”

6.— Remember to return the bat to me.— But I remember having returned it to you.綜合練習(xí):

一、選擇正確答案（25個小題）

1.It was clever ______ you ______ this question.A.of;to answerB.of;answerC.for;to answerD.for;answer

2.Andy has ______ for five years.Five years______ a long time.A.come back home;isB.come back home;are

C.been at home;isD.been at home;are

3.I?m hungry.I would like to have __________ nice to eat.A.anyB.somethingC.anythingD.some

4.I?ve decided _________ it myself.A.doB.doingC.didD.to do

5.You ______ be late for class.You must get to school on time.A.canB.mustC.can?tD.may

6.taking photos in the park this afternoon?

A.Let?sB.You shouldC.Why notD.How about

7.We didn?t hold the football match ________ the heavy rain.A.becauseB.sinceC.because ofD.about

there?

A.Do, goB.Have , goneC.Did, goneD.Have, been

9.Have you finisheddinner, Mum?I?m hungry now.A.cookingB.cooksC.cookD.cooked

10.So far, China up man-made satellites to space.A.sendB.sentC.have sentD.has sent

11.---do you clean your classroom?---Once a day.A.How manyB.How longC.How oftenD.How much

12.---have you lived in that old house?

---For nearly twenty years.(Or: Since nearly twenty years ago.)

A.How soonB.How farC.How oftenD.How long

13.Children?s Day is coming.Mrs.Lee is going to buy some DVDs for her son, ?

A.isn?t heB.isn?t sheC.is sheD.ishe

14.Mr.Green has little time today, ?

A.have heB.hasn?t heC.does heD.doesn?t he

15.---What was he doing at this time yesterday?

---Heto sing a song in English.A.was tryingB.is triedC.is tryingD.was tried

16.Please stop ?s time for class.A.talkB.to talkC.talkedD.talking

17.---How much do youfor your new bike?--About $300.A.costB.payC.takeD.spend

18.of your parents are teachers.A.AllB.BothC.NeitherD.Either

19.---Why does he look ?---He doesn?t feel today.A.sad, wellB.sadly, wellC.sad, goodD.sadly, good

20.If you want to

A.buy some foodB.read booksC.have dinner D.call your friends

21.Let me tell you my house.A.the wayB.way toC.the way toD.way

22.We decided to the teahouse.A.goingB.wentC.goD.to go

23.the weather like today?It?s rainy.A.How?sB.HowC.WhatD.What?s

24.It will be tomorrow.A.snowB.snowyC.snowsD.to snow

25.3.I have a garden _______ many flowers and trees.A.withB.ofC.inD.to

二、典型句型練習(xí)：根據(jù)所給漢語提示, 寫出所缺的英文.A)完成句子

1.謝謝你的上一封信，收到你的信真開心

Thanks for your last message, it was great to _______________ you.2.我還喜歡運動，特別是打網(wǎng)球。

I enjoy sports ________________, especially tennis.3.但是想起那些瀕危動物來，真讓人傷心。

But it?s sad to think about all those animals _______________.4.故事發(fā)生在老北京的一個茶館里。

It ___________________ in a teahouse in old Beijing.5.帶上你的照相機(jī)是個不錯的主意。

It is a _________________ to bring your camera.B.句型轉(zhuǎn)換

A）按每小題的要求轉(zhuǎn)換下面的句子，每空一詞。

1.He likes classical music.（改為一般疑問句）

________ he like classical music?

2.He has never been to the USA.（完成反意疑問句）

He has never been to the USA, _________ he?

3.I have some bread for my breakfast.（對劃線部分提問）

How ________ bread do you have for your breakfast?

4.The policemen haven?t found anything in the room yet.(改為同義句)

The policemen have found _______ in the room yet.5.Because it?s raining, we must stay at home.（改為同義句）

We must stay at home ____________________ the rain.三.完形填空。（20分）

Jane is a nice girl and likes small animals.On her way back from schoolafternoon, she always stopsthe animals in the pet(寵物)shop.She likes to see the dogs.One of them is a little white dog, and Jane likes it.Shethe dog in the pet shop.She often forgets(忘記)the time.So she comes home very.One day her parents asked she was late.Jane told them about the dog in the pet shop.The next day Jane stopped to lookthe window of the pet shop, but she could notthe dog.She was very sad and went home early.When she home, her mother showed her a big cake and her father gave her the little white dog from the pet shop.It was her birthday.Jane was very glad.From that day, she did not come home late.She ran home early to play with the little white dog every day.1.A.each oneB.everyC.thisD.×

2.A.looking atB.looks atC.to look atD.looked at

3.A.very manyB.very muchC.veryD.little

4.A.watchesB.watchC.seeD.saw

5.A.to playB.playC.playedD.plays

6.A.lateB.earlyC.fastD.first

7.A.whatB.whyC.whenD.where

8.A.atB.toC.intoD.onto

9.A.lookedB.looked atC.sawD.see

10.A.gotB.got toC.arrived inD.arrived at

四、閱讀理解練習(xí)：A

“Cool”is a word with many meanings．Its old meaning is used to express（表達(dá)）a temperature that is a little bit cold．As the world has changed，the word has had many different meaning．

“Cool”can be used to express feelings of interest in almost anything．

When you see a famous car in the street，maybe you will say，“It?s cool．”You may think，“He?s so cool，”when you see your favourite footballer．

We all maximize（擴(kuò)大）the meaning of“cool”．You can use it instead of many words such as “new” or “surprising”．Here?s an interesting story we can use to show the way the word is used．A teacher asked her students to write about the waterfall（瀑布）they had visited．On one student?s paper was just the one sentence（句子），“It?s so cool．Maybe he thought it was the best way to show what he saw and felt．

But the story also shows a scarcity（缺乏）of words．Without “cool”，some people have no words to show the same meaning．So it is quite important to keep some credibility（可信性）．Can you think of many other words that make your life as colourful as the word “cool”？ I can．And I think they are also very cool．

1．We know that the word“cool has had ________.A．only one meaningB．no meanings

C．many different meaningsD．the same meaning

2．In the passage，the word“express”means“________”.A．seeB．showC．knowD．feel

3．If you are _______ something，you may say，“It?s cool．”

A．interested inB．a(chǎn)ngry about

C．a(chǎn)fraid ofD．unhappy with

4．The writer takes an example to show he is ________ the way the word is used．

A．pleased withB．strange toC．worried aboutD．careful with

5．In the passage，the writer suggests（暗示）that the word “cool”________．

A．can be used instead of many wordsB．usually means something interesting

C．can make your life colourfulD．may not（可能不）be as cool as it seems

B

The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modem traffic and modern communication means(通訊設(shè)備).Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems.One of the biggest is pollution(污染).To pollute means to make things dirty.Pollution comes in many ways.We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.Man has been polluting the earth.The more people, the more pollution.Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people.When the land was used up（用完）or the river was dirty in one place, Man moved to another place.But this is no longer true.Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.Air pollution is still the most serious.It's bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution.Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water.Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.Many countries are making rules(法規(guī))to fight pollution.They stop people from burning coal(煤)in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution.It is caused(引起)by heavy traffic.It is sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.The earth is our home.We must take care of it.That means keeping the land, water and air clean.And we must take care of the rise in population at the same time.1.Our world is becoming much smaller ___.A.because the earth is being polluted day and night.B.thanks to science development

C.because of the rise in population

D.because the earth is blown away by the wind every year

2.Thousands of years ago, life was ____ it is today.A.much easier thanB.as easy asC.as hard asD.much harder than

3.Pollution comes in many ways.We can even hear it.Here “it” means ____.A.water pollutionB.air pollutionC.noise pollutionD.rubbish(垃圾)

4.Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because ____.A.it's bad for all living things in the worldB.it makes much noise

C.it makes our rivers and lakes dirtyD.it makes us angry more easily

5.Which of the following is NOT true? ______

A.Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.B.The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world's population does.C.If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2.D.The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on the earth.

第四篇：動詞不定式用法小結(jié)

動詞不定式用法小結(jié)

動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to＋動詞原形”，其中to不是介詞，而是動詞不定式的符號，稱為小品詞，動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補足語、定語、狀語等。

一.作主語

例如：To be a doctor is hard.做醫(yī)生很難。

To learn English well is not easy.學(xué)好英語不容易。

動詞不定式（短語）作主語時，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“it”作形式主語，而把真正的主語－－動詞不定式（短語）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示為：

It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well.如果動詞不定式的動作是誰做的，可以在動詞不定式前面加一個由介詞for引導(dǎo)的短語，稱為不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例：

It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.對我們來說每天早晨大聲讀英語是很有益的。

It is important for students to use English every day.對學(xué)生來說每天使用英語是很重要的。

二.作表語：

動詞不定式（短語）作表語常用于系詞be的后面。例：

His work is to drive a car.他的工作是開車。

Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是當(dāng)醫(yī)生。

三.作賓語

動詞不定式（短語）可以放在一些動詞后面用作賓語，能以動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例：

eg:They begin to work at eight every morning.他們每天早晨8點開始工作。

Don’t forget to lock the door.別忘了鎖門。

Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow?

明天和我們一起去野餐好嗎？

*如果and連接兩個動詞不定式，第二個動詞不定式一般省“to”例：

（1）He wants to go and have a swim with us.他想和我們一起去游泳。

（2）若作賓語的動詞不定式（短語）很長，可用it作形式賓語。

He found it hard to catch up with others.他覺得趕上別人很困難。

四.作賓語補足語。例如：

The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.老師讓我們早晨讀半小時英語。

Please let me help you.讓我來幫助你。

動詞不定式作賓語補足語，表示賓語所做的動作，可以用動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官聽覺動詞或使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的動詞不定式一般要省略動詞不定式符號“to”，可以歸納為以下三種句式：

1.不可以省to的不定式作賓語補足語：

tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb.to do sth.例:I want you to go now.我想讓你現(xiàn)在就走。

Her parents wish her to be a teacher.她父母親希望她當(dāng)老師。

2.省“to”的不定式作賓語補足語：

Let / make / have sb.do sth.Let the boy go out now.讓那個男孩出去。

The boy made the baby cry.男孩弄哭了這個小孩。

see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb.do sth.I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday.昨天我看見學(xué)生們在操場打籃球。

I often hear the girl sing in the next room.我經(jīng)常聽到女孩在隔壁唱歌。

3.可省可不省的：

help sb.（to）do sth.I often help my mother（to）do housework.我經(jīng)常幫媽媽做家務(wù)。

*動詞不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not.例：

（1）Tell them not to play football in the street.告訴他們不要在街道上踢足球。

（2）省to的動詞不定式的否定式是直接在動詞前面加not.例：

Let the boy not go.讓那個男孩別走。

（3）如果將主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語，動詞不定式則不省“to”，即原來省的再加上，例：

The boy made the baby cry.The baby was made to cry by the boy.那個孩子被男孩弄哭了。

五.動詞不定式作定語

動詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。例：

Who was the first one to arrive?

誰第一個到的？

She has no paper to write on?

她沒有紙寫字？

The best way to learn English is to use it.學(xué)英語最好的方法是使用它。

When is the best time to plant vegetables?

什么時候是種植蔬菜的最好時間？

*動詞不定式（短語）作定語修飾名詞時，與其所修飾的詞具有一種動賓關(guān)系，如果不定式中的動詞為不及物動詞時，其后應(yīng)加上一個含義上所需要的介詞。例：

He has no house to live in.他沒有房子住。

六.動詞不定式作目的狀語：

動詞不定式作目的狀語常用在go, come, hurry等不及物動詞后，表目的。

They got up early to catch the early bus.他們早起去趕早班車。

有時可以把不定式（短語）提前，放于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。例：

To early English quickly and well, he went to England.為了更快更好地學(xué)英語，他去了英國。七.不定式和疑問詞連用，可以作句子的主語、賓語、表語等。例：The problem is where to get a computer.（表語）

No one knows how to do it.沒有人知道如何做這件事。（賓語）

I really don’t know which one to choose.（賓語）

我真的不知道選哪一個。

When and where to have the party is not known.（主語）

何時何地舉行聯(lián)歡還不知道。

*不定式和疑問詞連用作賓語時有時可以改為賓語從句。例：

I don’t know what to do next.我不知下一步該做什么？

I don’t know what I should do next.【模擬試題】（答題時間：30分鐘）

一.選擇填空：

6.The man refused（拒絕）_____ back his words.A.to take

B.taking

C.took

D.takes

11.My father was too angry _________ a word.A.to say

B.not to say

C.to saying

D.didn’t say

12.My brother was old enough ________ to school.A.went

B.goes

C.going

D.to go

13.It is time ________ him ________ supper.A.of, to have

B.for, to have

C.of, having

D.for, to has

14.It’s very kind _______ you ______ me.A.of, to help

B.for, to help

C.of, help

D.of, helping

15.It’s important _________ our classroom clean every day.A.kept

B.to keep

C.to give

D.keep

16.Before liberation（解放）they had no chance _______ to school.A.went

B.go

C.to go

D.to be gone

17.He said he had an important meeting ________.A.attend

B.would attend

C.attending

D.to attend

18.Please give me a piece of paper ________.A.to write

B.to write on

C.writing

D.to write it

19.I don’t know _______.A.what do

B.what will do

C.what to do

D.do what

20.Your radio needs ________.A.to be repaired

B.to repair

C.repaired

D.to repairing

21.My wish is ________ a teacher.A.becoming

B.to become

C.become

D.became

22.I want ________ him a letter now.A.to write

B.not write

C.write

D.wrote

23.It took us three days _________ the trees.A.plant

B.planted

C.to plant

D.plants

24.Why not ________ here _______ me?

A.to come, to see

B.come, to see

C.came, seeing

D.come, see

25.He wishes me ______ my best _________ hard at English.A.to do, to work

B.doing, working

C.to do, working

D.do, work

26.Please tell me ________ her.I have something _______ her.A.where to find, telling

B.where to find, to tell

C.where can find, to tell

D.where finding, telling

27.How happy they are ______ each other again!

A.to see

B.see

C.saw

D.being seen

28.They decided（決心）_______ a letter ______ their thanks.A.to write, expressing（表達(dá)）

B.writing, express

C.write, expressed

D.to write, to express

29.The officer ordered（命令）him _______ down _________ a rest.A.lying, have

B.to lie, to have

C.to lie, having

D.lie, had

30.The headmaster called on（號召）us ______ hard for our country.A.to work

B.worked

C.work

D.to working

【試題答案】一.11.A

12.D

13.B

14.A

15.B

16.C

17.D

18.B

19.C

20.A

21.B

22.A

23.C

24.B

25.A

26.B

27.A

28.D

29.B

30.A

三、初中定語從句的講解與練習(xí)

定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。

關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。

關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。18.1 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系

代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

1）who, whom, that

這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語）

2)Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）

3）which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：

關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。

1）when, where, why

關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？

2）that代替關(guān)系副詞

that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如：

His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.1.As far as...is concerned 至今...被認(rèn)為是...2.It goes without saying that...不用說...(意思是：論述的內(nèi)容是顯而易見的）3.It can be said with certainty that...3.不用說...；...是肯定的。4.As the proverb says 4.有句諺語是這樣說的...;常言道...5.It has to be noticed that...5.必須引起注意的是...6.It`s generally recognized that...6.通常認(rèn)為...7.It`s likely that 7.很可能...8.It`s hardly that...8.hardly表否定，...不被經(jīng)常說起；我們很少談到...It’s hardly too much to say that...8.hardly表否定，...不被經(jīng)常說起；我們很少談到...What calls for special attention is that...9.需要引起特別注意的是...There’s no denying the fact that...10.事實不容否認(rèn)...Nothing is more important than the fact that...11.沒有比這更重要的是...what’s far more important is that...12.意思同上，更重要的是...As time goes by,.....隨著時間的流逝 There is no doubt that...毫無疑問...As far as I'm concerned, I think....就我而言，我認(rèn)為...It is said that...據(jù)說...Two heads are better than one.三個臭皮匠，頂個諸葛亮。It is...that...強(qiáng)調(diào)句

It is important for sb to do sth.there be句型

Compared with A, B is more...與A相比，B更...in my opinion 在我看來

It is high time that we did sth.是我們做..的時候了。Only in this way, can wei solve this problem properly.只有這樣我們才能妥善解決這個問題。sth is so...that...如此..以至于..not only...,but also...不僅...而且...To be honest

To tell the truth 老實說來 too..to 太..以至于不能..On one hand,..on the other hand,..一方面..另一方面...高考英語翻譯（Jan..30）中譯英常設(shè)考點

1、形式主語或形式賓語it

2、動名詞作主語

3、句型結(jié)構(gòu)

4、連詞

5、倒裝句型

6、動詞或動詞短語

7、中英文化差異

8、各類從句

9、成語英譯 一：形式主語或形式賓語it

1、It’s + adj.+ of/for sb.to do sth.Eg.It’s so careless of you to make so many spelling

mistakes in the English exam

2、It so happened that…

Eg.It so happened that I didn’t have any money on me.3、It’s reported/ believed/ estimated that…

It’s estimated that about 30 passengers were killed in the bus accident.4、在強(qiáng)調(diào)句it is + that 中

Eg.It’s because of his perseverance that led to his late success.5、在含有某些形容詞的句子中，如important，necessary，impossible, natural, common, strange等。

6、It’s likely that…

Eg.It’s likely that John won’t come though he has promised do.二：動名詞作主語

充分利用時間并不意味著從早到晚不停地看書。(make full use of time)Making full use of time doesn’t mean keeping on reading books from morning till night.三：句型結(jié)構(gòu)

很多人身體有疾病時才認(rèn)識到保持健康的重要性。(not…until)Many people are not aware of the importance of being healthy until they are ill.這部有關(guān)第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的歷史小說引人入勝，我簡直愛不釋手。(so…that)The historical novel about World War I is so attractive that I can’t bear to put it down.Practice

這個練習(xí)太難，沒幾個人能做對。（so…that）他下決心不再依賴父母，要靠自己用雙手謀生。（not…but）瑪麗把開門的鑰匙丟了，只好在屋外等她媽媽。（do nothing but）她身體太弱，沒法從事這樣艱苦的工作。（too…to）與閱讀一樣，聽力在語言學(xué)習(xí)過程中也起著重要作用。（as…as）人們普遍認(rèn)為，用腦越多，智力越活躍。（the more…the more）正是在這個小城里，他度過了幸福的童年。（It is … that…）他是鑒定書法的高手，自己也寫得一手好字。（not only…but also）過了若干年那個事件的真相才被揭示出來。（It…before…）

四：連詞

我們將作進(jìn)一步的討論，然后再作出最終結(jié)論。(before)We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion)六：動詞或動詞短語

這張照片使我想起了我們在夏令營里度過的日子。(remind)The photo reminds me of the days we spent in the summer camp.說老實話，我真后悔沒能幫助他擺脫困境。(regret)To tell the truth, I really regret not being able to help him out of the trouble.眾所周知，成功來自勤奮，不努力則一事無成。

As we all know, success comes from hard work, without efforts nothing can be done.or It is known to all that success results from diligence;without efforts nothing can be achieved.他們應(yīng)從這件事中吸取教訓(xùn)，玩火者必自焚。

They should learn a lesson from this incident;he who plays with fire will surely get burnt.這個地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展很快，可是某些市民的素質(zhì)還不盡如人意。

Although the economy in this area is developing rapidly, the qualities of some citizens are still not satisfactory.當(dāng)時，那位出租車司機(jī)別無選擇，只能求助與游客。

At the time, the taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourists/traveler(for help).許多外國游客都想去長城一游，他們知道“不到長城非好漢”。

Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall.They know that” He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” 2003年：

雖然她孤身一人，無親無故，但鄰居們都向她伸出了援助之手。

Although she lives(alone)with no relatives or friends, all the/her neighboures offer her a helping hand/offer to help her.這個游戲的規(guī)則太復(fù)雜，三言兩語解釋不清。

The rules of the game are too completed to explain/be explained in a few words.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難與那些一貫固執(zhí)己見的人合作。

I find it is hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinion.只要我們齊心協(xié)力，就能很快解決這個技術(shù)難題。

So long as/As long as/If we work co-operatively/with combined efforts/joint efforts, we will be able to solve/work out the technical problems.soon.他進(jìn)公司后不久就開始獨立完成了一項艱巨的任務(wù)，同事們對他刮目相看。

（so）

He finished a difficult task on his own / independently soon / shortly after he entered the company, so his colleagues looked at him with new eyes / regarded him in a totally different light/ treated him with increased respect.每次我向她請教，她總是有求必應(yīng)。而且解釋得令我十分滿意。(satisfaction)Every time I ask her for advice, she is always ready to help, and explains to my full satisfaction.這小孩太調(diào)皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心煩意亂。(So…)So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.九：復(fù)合句（各類從句）

我第一次寫英語作文時，犯了許多拼寫錯誤。(make)（2002年上海）The first time I wrote the English composition, I made a lot of spelling mistakes.彼得每月留出一點錢以便在不久的將來購買一輛新汽車。(set aside)（1998上海高考）Peter sets aside some money every month so that he can buy a new car in the near future.這張照片讓我們想起了在夏令營里度過的日子。(remind)（2000年上海）The picture reminds me of the days that were spent in the summer camp.不管天有多晚，他從不把今天的事拖到明天。(put off)（2002年上海）However late it is, he never puts off what should be done today till tomorrow.盡管遭受如此嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害，但只要不灰心，我們終會克服暫時的困難。(Although…)Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficulty as long as we don’t lose heart.

第五篇：動詞不定式用法小結(jié)

動詞不定式用法

動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to＋動詞原形”，其中to不是介詞，而是動詞不定式的符號，稱為小品詞，動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補足語、定語、狀語等。

一.作主語

To be a doctor is hard.做醫(yī)生很難。

To learn English well is not easy.學(xué)好英語不容易。

動詞不定式（短語）作主語時，為了避免句子的頭重腳輕，可以用“it”作形式主語，而把真正的主語－－動詞不定式（短語）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示為：

It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well.再如：

It’s important to plant trees in spring.二.作表語：

動詞不定式（短語）作表語常用于系詞be的后面。例：

His work is to drive a car.他的工作是開車。

My job is to feed animals.我的工作是飼養(yǎng)動物。

Her ambition is to be a doctor.她的理想是當(dāng)醫(yī)生。

三.作賓語

動詞不定式（短語）可以放在一些動詞后面用作賓語，能以動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例：

I want to tell you a story.我想給你講個故事。

They begin to work at eight every morning.他們每天早晨8點開始工作。

Don’t forget to lock the door.別忘了鎖門。

Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我們一起去野餐好嗎？

*如果and連接兩個動詞不定式，第二個動詞不定式一般省“to”例：

（1）He wants to go and have a swim with us.他想和我們一起去游泳。

（2）若作賓語的動詞不定式（短語）很長，可用it作形式賓語。

I find it’s interesting to learn English with you.我覺得和你一起學(xué)英語很有趣。

He found it hard to catch up with others.他覺得趕上別人很困難。

四.作賓語補足語。

The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.老師讓我們早晨讀半小時英語。

The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.老師常告訴Jim不要花太多時間玩電腦游戲。

五.動詞不定式作定語

動詞不定式作定語常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。例：

Who was the first one to arrive? 誰第一個到的？

She has no paper to write on? 她沒有紙寫字？

The best way to learn English is to use it.學(xué)英語最好的方法是使用它。

六.動詞不定式作目的狀語：

動詞不定式作目的狀語常用在go, come, hurry等不及物動詞后，表目的。

He went to see his sister yesterday.他昨天去看妹妹了。

They got up early to catch the early bus.他們早起去趕早班車。

有時可以把不定式（短語）提前，放于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)目的。例：

To early English quickly and well, he went to England.為了更快更好地學(xué)英語，他去了英國。