第一篇：非謂語動詞之動詞不定式

非謂語動詞 之 動詞不定式

動詞的非謂語形式有三種：

(1)動詞不定式：to study(to + 動詞原形)

(2)分詞：studying(現在分詞)、studied(過去分詞)

(3)動名詞：studying(形式與現在分詞相同)

一、動詞不定式

(一)作主語。在不定式短語作主語的句子中，往往用 it 作形式主語，而不把不定式短語放在句子的后面。如：

To die like that is a terrible thing.=It is a terrible thing to die like that.It’ll be a great shame for you to forget her.你要是把她忘了，那可太不應該了。

It’s not proper for us not to accept the invitation.我們不接受邀請不合適

但是，下列形容詞做表語時，不定式的邏輯主語由 of 引出：

careless粗心的，clever聰明的，cruel殘忍的，foolish愚蠢的，good好的，kind好心的，naughty淘氣的，nice好的，polite禮貌的，right正確的，rude無禮的，silly愚蠢的，stupid傻的，unwise不明智的，wise明智的，wrong錯誤的，等等。

因為這些形容詞都是描寫人的性格和特點的形容詞。“It is + 形容詞 +of sb + to do sth”這樣的句型更強調某人如何如何。而“for sb to do sth”這一結構更強調做某事如何如何

(二)作賓語及賓語補語。

1、有些及物動詞常用動詞不定式作賓語。常見的這類動詞有：afford負擔得起，agree同意，arrange安排，ask要求，attempt試圖，beg乞求，begin開始，choose選擇，claim聲稱，consent同意，dare敢，decide決定，decline謝絕，desire欲想，demand要求，determine決心，expect期待，fail失敗，forget忘記，hate討厭，help幫助，hope希望，intend打算，learn學習，like喜歡，long渴望，manage設法，mean打算，need需要，offer主動提出，plan計劃，prefer更喜歡，prepare準備，pretend假裝，promise答應，refuse拒絕，remember記得，seek尋求，seem好像，tend傾向，threaten威脅，undertake承擔，volunteer志愿，want想要，wish希望等。

2、不定式可以和how, which, what, who, whom, whose, when, where還有whether等詞連用作賓語。常跟這種結構作賓語的動詞有：ask詢問，advise建議，consider考慮，decide決定，discover發現，discuss討論，explain解釋，find out查明，forget忘記，inquire打聽，know知道，learn學會，remember記得，show演示，tell告訴，teach教，think想，understand懂得，wonder想知道，等等。例如：How to live a happy life is a difficult question to answer.3、有些動詞需要不定式作賓語補足語。這種動詞常見的有：ask請求，advise勸告，allow允許，beg乞求，believe相信，call on號召，cause促使，compel強迫，command指揮，direct指導，enable使…能夠，encourage鼓勵，expect期望，feel覺得，force迫使，get使得，hate不喜歡，have使，hear聽見，help幫助，inspire鼓舞，intend 打算,invite邀請,instruct指示，know知道，lead引導，let讓，like喜歡，listen to 聽，look at看，make 使得, notice注意到, observe觀察，order命令，permit允許，persuade說服，prefer更喜歡，press施加壓力，remind提醒，request請求，teach教，tell告訴，urge敦促，want 想要，warn警告，wish希望，等等。

Tony knew his girl friend to be a shy college student.4、有些動詞要求省掉to的不定式作賓語補語。這樣的動詞有：feel覺得，have使，hear聽見，help幫助，let讓，listen to 聽，look at看，make使，notice 注意，see看見，observe 觀察，watch觀看 等，一類是感官動詞，一類是使役動詞。

A policeman saw the accident happen.一位警察看見事故發生。

上述help后面的不定式省掉to與保留to都可以。在被動語態中，上述動詞后面的不定式要把省去的to還原。

I heard the dog come in.我聽見那條狗進來。

=The dog was heard to come in.有人聽見那條狗進來。

I saw her go out by bike.我看見她騎著自行車出去了。

=She was seen to go out by bike.有人看見她騎著自行車出去了。

在had better(最好)，would rather(寧愿)，would sooner(寧愿)，would(just)as soon(寧愿)，cannot but(不能不，不由得不)，cannot help but(不能不，不由得不)等成語后面也跟不帶to的不定式：

He would rather listen to others than talk himself.Rather than和sooner than同義，都是“寧可”，“與其…(不如)”，“不是…(而是)”的意思。當它們放在句首時，其后跟不帶to的不定式;在其它位置時其后的不定式可帶也可不帶to:

Sooner than marry that man, she would earn her living as a waitress.He decided to write rather than telephone.他決定寫信，不打電話。

The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.經理相信重要的是投資買新機器，而不是增加工資。

4、有些動詞要求省掉to的不定式作賓語補語。

在Why 起首的疑問句中跟不帶to的不定式：

Why not come with us? 為什么不跟我們一起來呢? =Why don’ t you come with us?

5、不定式作賓語而后面還有賓語補語時，常用it來代替不定式短語，而把真正作賓語的不定式短語放在補足語后面。常見的動詞有：consider認為，feel覺得，find發現，make使，think認為，等等。例如：I think it best to go.我想最好走。

Do you consider it right to send our doctors over?

注意：hope希望，demand要求，suggest建議，這三個詞不能跟不定式作賓補。

I hope that you’ll be happy.我希望你快樂。

I suggest that you take him seriously.我建議你要把他當回事。

I advise you not to take him seriously.我建議你不要把他當回事。

We demanded that they give us a definite answer.我們要求他們給個確切的答

(三)作定語。不定式短語作定語時，一般放在被修飾的詞之后，有些名詞的后面常用不定式作定語。常見的有：ability能力，agreement一致，協議，ambition抱負、野心，anxiety焦急，attempt試圖，campaign戰役，chance機會，claim聲稱，courage勇氣，decision決定，determination決心，drive努力，eagerness殷切的心情，effort努力，failure失敗，hope希望，intention目的意圖，motive force動力，movement運動、協議，need需要，opportunity機會，plan計劃，promise諾言，readiness樂意，refusal拒絕，reluctance勉強不愿，resolution決心，tendency傾向，right權力，struggle斗爭，threat威脅，time時候，way方法，willingness愿意，wish希望。

與這些詞相對應的形容詞或動詞常接動詞不定式。如ability →be able to, refusal →refuse to 等。

作定語時不定式表示將要發生的動作。

There is not any one to save him.沒有任何能救他的人。

He’s a not a man to tell lies.他不是那種撒謊的人。

(四)作表語。放在系動詞之后。

To gamble is to commit suicide, but not to get rich.賭博就是自殺，而不是致富。To criticize others is to make enemies.批評別人就是樹敵。

To do everything is to do nothing.什么都做等于什么也做不成。

(五)不定式短語和疑問詞連用(who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how,還包括

whether)

(1)做主語。

例如：

Who to turn to is what she wants to know.找誰幫忙是她想知道的。

It’s problem what to do.干什么還是個問題。

How to be wealthy, healthy and happy will always remain a question mark.(2)做表語。例如：

The question is which to take first.問題是先拿哪一個。

What remains for you to explain is how to put the plan into practice and whose help to seek.剩下需要你解釋的是怎樣實施計劃以及尋求誰的幫助。

The question is which of the methods to adopt.(3)作賓語，常用這一結構作賓語的動詞有ask, consider, decide discuss, explain, forget, find out, guess, inquire, know, learn, remember, see(=understand), show, settle(=decide), tell(=know), think, understand, wonder等。

I’ve found out where to buy them cheaply.我發現了在哪里買這些東西便宜。

Do you remember when to switch off the machine?

有些雙賓語及物動詞，也可用這個結構做直接賓語。常用的有tell, inform, show, advise, ask, teach,等。如：

I showed her how to use the remote control.我向她演示怎樣使用遙控器。

The salesman told him which switch to turn on first.(4)做定語。例句:

I must find a pen with which to fill in this form(=to fill in this form with).(六)作狀語。不定式短語作狀語，表示目的、原因、結果等。位置一般在句尾或句首。

(1)表示目的。如:

We waved flags, beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players.為了強調，有時用in order to(為了)或so as to(以便)加動詞原形，放在句首或句尾均可。例如;In order to improve my English, I read China Daily every day.有些不定式習慣用語放在句首或句尾，作獨立成分。例如：

To be frank(with you), this is not satisfactory.老實(和你)說，這不令人滿意。

To be fair, she is an honest girl.說句公道話，她是一個誠實的姑娘。

To tell you the truth, you are wrong..實話告訴你，你錯了。

(2)表示原因。例如:

To hear him talk in that manner, you would think him a foreigner.不定式短語可以和表示情緒的形容詞和過去分詞連用，有時說明產生這種情緒的原因，有時不是說明原因，而是和形容詞一起說明主語的情況。

常見的這類形容詞和過去分詞有：

able有能力的，afraid 害怕的，amazed 感到驚異的，angry生氣的，anxious 急于的，astonished 感到驚訝的，careful小心的，certain有把握的，clever聰明的，comfortable舒服的，cruel殘忍的，deep深的，delighted 高興的，difficult有困難的，disappointed感到失望的，determined 有決心的，eager 急于的，easy容易的，fit 合適的，foolish 愚蠢的，fortunate 幸運的，free自由的，frightened感到害怕的，glad高興的，good好的，happy幸福的，hard艱苦的，lucky 幸運的，overjoyed 高興的，pleased高興的，possible 可能的，proud 自豪的，ready 準備好的，relieved 感到輕松的，right正確的，sad悲傷的，shocked感到驚訝的，sorry難過的，sure 肯定的，surprised感到驚訝的，unable沒能力的，useless沒用的，willing 愿意的，worthy 值得的，wrong 錯誤的等。

He’ll be angry to hear these words.聽到這些話他會生氣的。

You’re lucky to have me as your teacher.有我當你們老師，你們很幸運。

He feels proud to be on the school football team.(3)不定式做結果狀語只限于下面幾個詞：learn得知，find 發現，see 看見，hear 聽見，to be told被告知，make 使得 等。only+不定式常表示出乎意料的結果。例如:

He hurried to the airport to learn that the flight had already taken off.(4)不定式還可以與“be said, be reported,…”等連用構成復合謂語。這一結構可變成“It’s said, It’s reported,…”(見被動語態部分)。如：

It’s reported that an explosion has happened and it’s known that three have been killed.(七)不定式的時態。動詞不定式一般有三種時態形式，即一般式、進行式和完成式。

(1)一般式(to+動詞原形)：表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時(或幾乎同時)發生或在主句謂語動詞之后發生的事情。例如：

We’re happy to have you on our side.有你在我們這邊我們很高興。

I saw him go out.(2)進行式(to be+現在分詞)：表示主句謂語的動作發生時，不定式動作正在進行。例如：

She’s said /believed to be living nearby.(3)完成式(to have+過去分詞)：表示在主句謂語的動作之前發生的事情。

如：I’m glad to have met your parents here.我很高興在這兒見到了你父母。

動詞不定式的完成式和下列動詞的過去時連用，表示過去沒有實現的事情：plan, hope, expect, be, intend, mean, wish, 等。注意一定是它們的過去時。另外還有should/would like/love。這個結構表示“本打算/想/計劃…”的意思。例如：

The game were to have taken place in Room

He planned to have gone abroad last week.(八)不定式的被動語態。當不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時，不定式一般要用被動形式。不定式的被動形式有兩種：

一般式：to be+過去分詞

完成式：to have been+過去分詞

You’re lucky to have been accepted.你很幸運已經被接受了。

These criminals are to be hanged.這些罪犯是將被絞死的。

(九)為了避免重復，不定式可省略，但to有時保留，有時不保留。例如：

You will make it if you try(to).如果你努力，你會成功的。

George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I don’t think he really wants to.George 說要離開上海，但是我不認為他真的愿意走。

后面常省略不定式而保留to的結構，還有：

used to常常 be going to 打算

mean to打算 ought to應該

plan to 計劃 want to要想

(十)兩個不定式由and, or, except, but, than 連接時，第二個可省略to，尤其是兩個不定式緊密相連時。例如:

I intend to call on him and discuss this question again.We had nothing to do except(to)look at the posters outside the cinema.句子中but后面的不定式帶不帶to，取決于but前面的句子里含不含do，只要有與do/did有關的詞(do作謂語，to do作定語等等)，but后面的不定式就省掉to。例如：

I can do nothing but go there alone.除了獨自一個到那里去，我別無選擇。

1.用動詞不定式結構完成下列句子：

1)Let’s _______(早回家).→ go home early

2)I am going _____(問問題).→ to ask some questions

3)I’ve been hoping ______(會見格林先生)ever since I left school → to see Mr.Green

4)It is difficult ______(照顧這么多小娃娃).→ to look after so many babies

5)He likes _____(在月光下散步).→to walk in the moonlight

6)She is afraid ____(獨自去).→ to go alone

7)I pretended ______(睡著了).→ to be asleep

8)I should like _____(今晚去看那個話劇).→to go to watch that drama tonight

9)Be careful ____(別著涼).→not to catch cold

10)Mr.Green seemed ____(越來越不喜歡他).→to dislike him more and more

11)It is too heavy _____(你搬不動).→for you to carry

12)You have to work hard ____(考試及格).→to pass the examination

13)Tom intends ____(找個新工作).→to look for a new job

14)What do you want ____(吃)? →to eat

15)I hate _____(這么早離開),but I am afraid ____(我不得不這么早離開).→to leave so early;I have to

16)The enemy soldiers refused ____(再戰斗下去).→ To fight anymore

17)He decided _____(成為物理學家).→to become a physicist

18)The woman came out ____(看看在發生什么事).→to see what was happening

19)I mean _____(完成這個任務), one way or another.→to accomplish the task

20)He was planning _____(和她一起去).→to go with her

21)He seems _____(過去是個獵手).→to have been a hunter

22)I happened _____(看過這本書).→to have read the book

23)I happened ____(正挨著他站著)when he was shot.→to be standing next to him

24)The enemy is believed ____(已被擊敗).→to have been defeated

25)The teacher wanted the composition ______(當堂做完).→to be finished in class

26)He appears _____(是你的朋友)but I doubt if he is.→to be your friend

第二篇：非謂語動詞

初中英語分類練習

——非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。

Climbing mountain is a good exercise.(Climbing..., 動名詞起名詞作用）

Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.（wearing..分詞起形容詞作用）

He gets up early to catch the first bus.(to catch...不定式起副詞作用)

謂語動詞和非謂語動詞的區別：

1)謂語動詞在句中可單獨作謂語，而非謂語動詞不能單獨作謂語。

Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語。（teaches 動詞作謂語）

Mr.Li came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.（to have a talk....不定式作狀語）

2)謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數的限制，而非謂語動詞形式沒有這種限制。

Mike likes the pop music.（動詞用單數第三人稱形式）

Lucy has nothing to do today。（do 用原形）

非謂語動詞的特征：如果非謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面須跟賓語。

Studying English is my favorite.（studying 后跟賓語）

To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責任。（help 后跟賓語）非謂語動詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。

Working under such a condition is terrible.(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語）It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.（for him 作不定式的邏輯主語）非謂語動詞仍有語態和時態的變化。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.（to have kept...是不定式的完成形式）

Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.（Seen from...是分詞的被動形式）非謂語動詞在句中可以當成名詞或者形容詞來使用。

Our coming made him happy.（coming 起名詞作用）

There are two big swimming pools here.(swimming 起形容詞作用)

非謂語動詞的形式變化：

不定式主動被動

一般to writeto be written

進行to be writing

完成to have writtento have been written

完成進行to have been writing

現 在 分 詞主動被動

一般writingbeing written

完成having writtenhaving been written

過去分詞主動被動

一般written

動名詞主動被動

一般writing being written

完成having writtenhaving been written●動 詞 不 定 式：

動詞不定式是由 to + 動詞原形構成，在句中起名詞，形容詞和副詞的作用，可以擔任除謂語以外的其它任何成分。

1.動詞不定式作主語：

To mast a language is not an easy thing.To teach English is my favorite.It's my pleasure to help you.動詞不定式作主語時可以放在后面，而用 it 作形式主語放在原主語的位置上。

It's very kind of you to have given us much help.你給了我們那么多的幫助真是太好了。

It's necessary to find the witness.有必要找到目擊者。

2.動詞不定式作賓語：

某些及物動詞可以用動詞不定式作賓語，這些動詞有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.What I wish is to learn English well.I like to help others if I can.3.動詞不定式作賓語補語。

We expect you to be with us.我們希望你和我們在一起。

Please ask him to come here quickly.請叫他快過來。

4.動詞不定式作表語 ：

What I should do is to finish the task soon.我應該做的是趕快完成任務。

The most urgent thing is to find the boy immediately.當務之急是馬上去找孩子。

5.動詞不定式作定語：

There are many ways to solve the problem.有許多方法能解決這個問題。

I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告訴你。

6.不定式作狀語：

We went to the hospital to see our teacher.我們去醫院看了我們的老師。

She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.她在做試驗，從一種西藏花中提取某種有用的藥物。

動詞不定式的否定形式：

not + to + 動詞原形

The teacher told us not to swim in that river.老師告訴我們不要在那條河里游泳。

It's unfair not to tell us.沒告訴我們真是不公平。

帶疑問詞的不定式：

疑問詞who, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，構成不定式短語，使含義更加具體。

Where to go is not known yet.去什么地方還不知道。

I don't know when to begin.我不知道什么時間開始。

Can you tell me where to get the battery.你能告訴我哪兒能買到電池嗎？

Do you know how to get to the station.你知道怎樣去車站嗎？

帶邏輯主語的不定式：

動詞不定式可以帶有自己的邏輯主語，構成方法是： for + 邏輯主語 + 不定式。

注意：邏輯主語用賓格形式，for 本身無實際意義，它只表明后面的主語從邏輯上分析是不定式的主語。It's necessary for us to help each other.我們互相幫忙是必要的。

There are much work for me to finish, 有許多工作要我去完成。

動詞不定式的被動形式： 表示不定式動詞同所修飾的名詞是被動關系。

He is the man to be examined.他是受檢查的人。

There are much work to be done.有好多工作要做。

●動 名 詞

動名詞是由動詞原形 + ing 構成，同現在分詞形式一樣，在句中可作主語，賓語，表語和定語。

1)動名詞作主語：

Talking like that is not polite.Learning from others is important.Putting on more clothes is not so good.（注：動名詞可以象動詞不定式一樣，用 it 先行祠代替，而把動名詞寫在后面。

It's no use waiting here, let's go home.It's very difficult climbing this mountain.2)動名詞作表語

The nurse's job is looking after the patients.Seeing is believing.3)動名詞作賓語

有些動詞須用動名詞來作賓語,它們是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.Please stop smoking in the house.I like reading in the forest.Do you mind my opening the windows?

4）動名詞作定語

She is studying in the reading room.He slept in the sleeping bag.（動名詞的否定形式：not + 動名詞

He pretend not knowing it at all.他假裝全然不知。

We considered not doing it now.我們考慮現在不做這件事。

動名詞的被動形式 ：

（當動名詞和它的邏輯主語是被動關系時，用動名詞的被動形式來表示。）

His being looked down upon made him sick.I can't really stand being treated like that.動名詞的幾種特殊情況：

1)有些動詞的后面能跟動名詞做賓語，有些動詞能跟不定式，有些兩者都可以，它們的具體含義有時還不一樣。

能跟動名詞的動詞有：

avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。

能跟不定式的動詞有：

decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake, want, wish, agree, manage,能跟動名詞和不定式的動詞有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve, start,動詞后面跟動名詞還是不定式，含義不相同，總的來說，表示習慣的，一般性的動作多跟動名詞，一次性的具體的被動動作多跟不定式。

I like to go with you.我想和你一塊兒去。

I like reading.He promised to help her.We love watching VCD.2)remember, forget, regret后面跟動名詞時，動名詞表示過去的動作，后面跟不定式時，不定式表示將來的動作。

I remember meeting him in the street.I remember to write a letter to my parents.3)“stop + 動名詞”表示停止動名詞所表示的動作，“stop + 不定式”表示停下來做不定式所表示的動作。

Stop smoking, please.請不要抽煙。

Let's stop to have a rest.咱們停下來休息一下吧。

4)動名詞和分詞的區別：

動名詞作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關系，而分詞作定語時，分詞和它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的主謂關系。

reading text 閱讀課文 〔動名詞〕 developing country 發展中國家 〔分詞〕

a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔動名詞〕 boiled water 開水 〔分詞〕

●分 詞

分詞是由動詞 +ing 或 動詞 + ed 構成，它在句中起形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作定語，表語，狀語。workingworkedwashingwashed

分詞可分為現在分詞和過去分詞兩種，現在分詞的形式同動名詞一樣，在動詞后面加 ing。而過去分詞的形式則在動詞后面加 ed.分詞在句中可作定語，狀語或表語。

1.分詞作定語

China is a developing country.That's an interesting story.The girl singing for us is ten years old.作定語的分詞要放在被修飾的名詞之前，如果是分詞詞組則放在被修飾的名詞之后，如被修飾的名詞是 something, anything, everything, nothing 等，分詞放在被修飾名詞的后面。

The working people have played a great role in the activity.The boy hurt by the car was sent to the hospital immediately.There is nothing interesting.沒什么有趣的事。

分詞和動名詞都可以作定語，判斷是分詞還是動名詞，可以根據它們和被修飾詞有無邏輯上的主謂關系來判斷，有主謂關系的是分詞，否則判斷為動名詞。

a swimming girl 游泳的女孩。（分詞）

a swimming pool 游泳的池子（動名詞）

2.分詞作狀語

Being a student, he likes to help others.Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.She is there waiting for us.Told by the teacher, she knew she was wrong.3.分詞作表語

The story is interesting.We are interested in computer.The glass is broken.The water is boiled.4.分詞作賓語補足語

可以跟賓語補足語的謂語動詞有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等詞。I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.We found the boy sleeping.have 后面的賓語補足語用過去分詞常表示動作不是句子的主語發出的，而是由別人做的。I have my hair cut.我理發了。（是別人給我理發）

She has her bike repaired.她把自行車修理了。（別人修理的）

They have their house rebuilt.他們重修了房子。

分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞

Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.不知道下一步干什么，她停下來等著。

Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school.小女孩沒完成作業不敢去學校。

分詞的時態 分詞的一般時表示動作同謂語動詞的動作同時發生或之前發生。

Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.看到老師進來，學生們停下來不玩了。

Coming into the room, he lied on his bed.回到家后，他就躺在床上。

分詞的完成時表示的動作在謂語動詞的前面發生。

Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right.收到一封信后，我知道一切都很好。

Having had my supper, I went out for a walk.晚飯后，我出去散步了。

Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.他知道自己比賽獲勝，高興地把帽子扔上了天。

分詞的被動形式 分詞的被動形式表示分詞動作同所修飾的名詞有一種被動關系。The entertainment building being built will be completed next year.正在建設的娛樂大樓明年完工。

第三篇：非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞專項練習

1.There ______ no classes yesterday, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.A.wasB.beingC.wereD.had been

2.The policeman rushed into the room only ______ an old lady lying on the ground.A.foundB.findC.findingD.to find

3.The boy lay on the ground, his eyes ______ and his hands ______.A.closing;tremblingB.closed;trembling

C.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

4.______, the girls raced on to the second runners.A.Stick in handB.With a stick in her hand

C.Sticks in handD.Sticks in hands

5.Each of them got up early ______ to catch the early bus.A.to hopeB.hopingC.so thatD.and

6.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.heardC.hearD.to hear

7.We should prevent pollution ______ happily.A.from livingB.livingC.to livingD.to live

8.I am busy now, so I can’t help ______ the machine.A.repairB.to have repairedC.repairingD.fixing

9.Jane came very close ______ a gold medal for Britain in the Olympics.A.to winB.winningC.to winningD.to be won

10.The boy seated himself in the corner with his back ______ to his father.A.turningB.to turnC.to be turnedD.turned

11.----By the way, when did you get your bedroom ______?

----Last week.A.to paintB.paintedC.paintingD.to be painted

12.He likes ______, but he doesn’t like ______ today because it is too cold.A.to swim;to swimB.swimming;swimming

C.to swim;swimmingD.swimming;to swim

13.There is ______ what the weather will be like.A.not knowingB.no knowingC.not knowD.no known

14.The novel is said ______ into many languages.A.to translateB.being translated

C.to have been translatedD.having been translated

15.I’m examining the composition he has just finished ______ the possible mistakes in it.A.correctingB.to correctC.correctedD.correct

16.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go

C.for risk to goD.risk going

17.He spent as much time as he could _____ the child.A.teachingB.to teachC.teachD.for teaching

18.----Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?

----I ______, but I had an unexpected visitor.A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did

19.How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said!

A.hearingB.to hearC.heardD.hear

20.______ the room, a letter was laid on the ground.A.EnteringB.Having entered

C.He enteredD.Mrs Green entering

21.They set out ______ for the ______ boy.A.searching;losingB.searching;lost

C.to search;lostD.to search;missed

22.______ her mother had come, her face lit up.A.HearingB.Having heard

C.When hearingD.When she heard

23.They arrived at their university very late, ______ the gate closely shut.A.foundB.to findC.findD.finding

24.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No.You can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

25.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informing C.informedD.informing

26.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

27.Will those ______ the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?

A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching

28.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

29.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

30.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.A.to risk goingB.risking to go C.for risk to goD.risk going

31.______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants(變異

體)of genes in human bodies.A.Being exposedB.Having exposed

C.ExposedD.After being exposed

32.China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization on December 11, 2001, thus ______ its 15-year wish to join the global trade body.A.having realizedB.realizedC.realizingD.to realize

33.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted out the words ______ in his heart for years.A.filling;having hiddenB.filled;hidden

C.filling;hiddenD.filled;hiding

34.They apologized for ______ to attend the meeting.A.their not being ableB.their being not able

C.them not ableD.them being able not

35.Which will you enjoy ______ your vacation, traveling abroad or working in the countryside?

A.to spendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

36.----Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?

----I will spend a whole week ______ in your room to wait for their coming.A.lockingB.to lockC.lockedD.being locked

37.I regret ______ you that they are unable to come to your wedding tomorrow.A.informingB.having informed

C.to have been informedD.to inform

38.He wondered if he could slip out of the lecture hall without anyone ______.A.noticingB.noticedC.to noticeD.being noticed

39.After ______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A.being interviewedB.interviewed

C.interviewingD.having interviewed

40.He spoke in such a high voice ______ out in the street.A.as to be heardB.to be heardC.as to hearD.to hear

41.As early as 1647 Ohio made a decision that free, tax-supported schools must be set up in every town ______ 50 households or more.A.havingB.to haveC.to have hadD.having had

42.The building project ______ next year is, I think, not easy ______ in time.A.being carried out;to complete B.carried out;to be completed

C.to be carried out;to complete D.to be carried out;to be completed

43.The reason ______ she gave for not coming to the party is that her mother wouldn’t allow her to.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.because

44.Excuse me, could you tell me how to get to the Grand Hotel? I thought it was on this corner, but I seem to ______ a mistake.A.makeB.be makingC.having made D.have made

45.----Here’s a new pair of shoes for you.----Thank you, but there’s no need ______ a new pair for me.A.to have boughtB.to buyC.buyingD.to be buying

46.What worried the boy most was ______ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowed

C.having not been allowedD.his being not allowed

47.To do a bit for the motherland, ______.A.working hard is necessary

B.to learn a foreign language is needed

C.it is important to master science

D.one should serve the people whole-heartedly

48.Everything ______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.A.to takeB.takenC.to be takenD.taking

49.The officials discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next month.A.carry outB.carrying outC.to carry outD.carried out

50.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the manager felt worried all the time.A.to settleB.settlingC.settledD.being settled

51.----Do you have anything more ______, sir?

----No, you can have a rest or do something else.A.typingB.to be typedC.typedD.to type

52.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.A.to be informedB.on informingC.informedD.informing

答案：

1------5BDBAB6------10DDACD 11------15BDBCB16------20AACBD 21------25CDDBC26------30AAAAA 31------35ACCAA

41------45ACADA

51-----55BC

36-----40CDAAA 46------50BDBDA

第四篇：新概念英語第二冊語法總結：非謂語動詞之不定式

新概念英語第二冊語法總結：非謂語動詞之不定式

1．定義：具有名詞、形容詞及副詞性質并具有時態、語態變化。

2．形式：（以do為例）

主動語態

被動語態 一般時

to do

to be done 進行時

to be doing 完成時

to have done

to have been done 完成進行時

to have been doing

3．用法：

（1）用作主語：

To speak good English is not easy.or: It is not easy to speak good English.（采用形式主語 it 以避免頭重腳輕）It took me an hour to do the work.（2）用作賓語：

She decided to take the examination.I hope to meet him soon.（3）賓語補足語：

They expected us to help them.Hewants his son to study hard.金牌重點：

不定式作賓補，如謂語動詞是感官動詞，使役性動詞（see, hear, notice, watch, make, have, let...），則不定式符號“to”須省略，但在被動語態中不能省。I heard them sing in the classroom.I made her clean the room.The girl is heard to sing an English song.（4）用作表語： To teach is to learn.His job is to sell cars.（5）用作狀語，表示目的，結果：

We come to school to study English.（目的）

= in order to I hurried to the store, only to find it closed.（結果）

（6）定語：不定式短語作定語須位于名詞之后。He asked for a piece of paper to write it on.= to write it on the piece of paper.The poor man has no house to live in.= to live in the house.Have you anything to do?

= to do anything

4．不定式的時態意義：

She seems to dance very well.（現在情況）

She seems to be dancing in the dancing hall.（正在進行）She seems to have danced well.（過去情況）

Has was happy to have been staying with his uncle.（動作持續一段時間）

5．不定式語態：

The doctor [wrecommend]recommended[/w] him to air the room.The doctor recommended the room to be aired.She expects the police to find her bicycle.She expects her bicycle to be found by the police.She felt a bit puzzled as he had asked her such a question.She felt a bit puzzled to have been asked such a question.6．不定式否定形式：not to do...He got up early in order not to miss the train.測試精編

1.Did you find out ________ the pie out of oven? A.to take

B.have taken

C.when to take

D.being taken

2.You would be irritated if you watched the mail ________ on your desk every day.A.putting up

B.to be put up

C.to pile up

D.pile up

3.We shall set Jim ________ the passage.A.explaining

B.explained

C.to explain

D.explain

4.In fact, she would rather leave for San Francisco ________ in Los Angeles.A.tostay

B.than stay

C.than staying

D.than have stayed

5.Madame Curies is believed ________ the radium.A.discovering

B.having discovered

C.to have discovered

D.to discover

（后設答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*)嘻嘻??）

KEYS

1.C

2.D

3.C

4.B

5.C

第五篇：非謂語動詞(教案)

非謂語動詞（教案）

在英語中，不是用作句子的謂語，而是用于擔任其他語法功能的的動詞，稱之為非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有三種：不定式、動名詞和分詞。一．非謂語動詞與謂語動詞之區別：

1．相同之處：

1）可以有賓語： He bought a house.He was considering buying a house.He wanted to buy a house.2)可以被狀語修飾：

He always gets up very early.He is used to getting up early.3)可以有“體”式和語態的變化： She has finished her job.Having finished her work,she went home.She is treated fairly.She insisted on being treated fairly.4)可以有自己的邏輯主語： My wife often works late.I dislike my wife’s working late.It was a hot day.It being a hot day, we stayed home.2．不同之處：

1）可以起名詞作用（如：不定式和動名詞），在句中作主、賓、表語。Your duty is to look after the children.Complaining is no use.2）可以起形容詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作表語、定語和賓語補足語等。The vase is broken.He is the a nice person to work with.We found the story amusing.3）可以起副詞作用（如：不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語。They are working hard to win still greater victory.The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二．不定式：

1．作主語（常置于句末，而用代替其做形式主語）To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy(for me)to learn a foreign language.2．作表語

My job is to look after the babies.What I would like you to do is to keep silent about it.3．作賓語

He offered to go with us.I want to see him.He considered it his duty to support his family.作賓語補語（在see, hear, observe, watch, feel, notice等感官動詞以及let, make,have等動詞后面，作賓補的不定式 to均省去）They asked him to sing a pop song at the concert.They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.He was heard to sing a pop song in the meeting room.4．作定語

Do you have anything to eat in your bag? He is always the first to come and the last to leave.5．作狀語

In order to save the the child, he dived into the river.We are overjoyed to see you.6．不定式的邏輯主語：

I found it impossible for him to do the job alone.7．連接詞+不定式

He will tell me how to use the dictionary.Where to get the book is what I want to know.He didn’t tell us where to go and when to set out.8．不定式的否定形式

They decided not to give up trying.9．不定式的時態

We are happy to be with you on this trip.She is sure to succeed in the election.I’m sorry to be troubling you at such a time.I’m glad to be working with you.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.The enemy was reported to have surrendered two days before.10． 不定式的語態

This book is said to have been translated into many languages.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.三．動名詞：

1．作主語

Saying so much is useless/no good/(of)no use It is useless/no good/(of)no use saying so much.Reading French is easier than speaking it.2．作表語

My hobby is collecting stamps.My great pleasure is learning English.3．作賓語

（下列動詞只能接動名詞avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, mind, keep, practise, miss，regret, insist on, give up, put off, object to）He enjoys listening to classical music.We must avoid making such mistakes again.I wouldn’t mind waiting for another ten minutes.（有些動詞后面可接動名詞，也可接不定式：begin, start, continue, like, hate, prefer但動名詞表示的意義是在一般情況下的行為，而不定式則表示某個具體的、一次性的行為。）

I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon.4．介詞賓語

Are you used to eating American food? She went to school without having breakfast.5．動名詞的邏輯主語

Do you mind(my)opening the window.Tom insisted on my brother’s going with him.動名詞和不定式作賓語，意義不同的幾組詞： stop to do sth

（停下一件事去做另一件事）stop doing sth

（停止做某事）Remember to do sth.（記住要做某事）Remember doing sth（記得曾做過某事）Forget to to do sth（忘記要做某事）Forget doing sth（忘記曾做過某事）

Regret to do sth（因要做某事而感到不安）Regret doing sth（因做了某事而感到后悔）Go on to do sth（接著做另一件事）Go on doing sth（繼續做某事）Try to do sth（盡力做某事）Try doing sth（嘗試做某事）Need to do sth（需要做某事）Need doing（需要被做）Want to do sth（想做某事）Want doing

（需要被做）

Used to do sth（過去常常做某事）Be used doing sth（習慣做某事）

6．動名詞的體式和語態

He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us greatly.Jane like being read to when she is ill.He did it without being asked.四．分詞

分詞有兩種：現在分詞和過去分詞。現在分詞表示的意義是主動的、進行的；過去分詞表示的意義是被動的、完成的。The developing countries The developed countries

1．作表語：

The story is very interesting.I am interested in English.The film is moving.We were moved by the film.2．作定語：

It is an interesting book.We must learn from the working people.The boy singing on the stage is my brother.This is a book written by a famous scientist.3．作賓語補足語：

(see, hear, feel, notice, watch, 分詞說明動作正在發生；不定式說明動作發生的全過程。)I saw him going into the room.I saw him go into the room.4．作狀語：

1)作時間或原因狀語：

working in the open air,he often sings songs.Having finished his work, he went to bed.Knowing that it was going to rain, he decided not to go out.2)作伴隨狀語：

They stood there waiting for the bus.He lay in bed reading a novel.