第一篇：英語寫作的七項基本原則教案
高中英語輔導網 http://www.tmdps.cn/ 英語寫作的七項基本原則教案
工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人！寫一個短小精辟的句子，相反，卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：
As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可見，長短句結合，抑揚頓挫，豈不爽哉？牢記！
強烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長一短，且先長后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結尾一般用一長一短就可以了。
二、主題句原則
國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感！相信各位讀過一些破爛文學，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內，結果造成我們稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭（保險型）或者結尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會平安無事！
特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的！
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.中國京翰教育 http://www.tmdps.cn/
高中英語輔導網 http://www.tmdps.cn/
三、一二三原則
領導講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點…如此羅嗦。可畢竟還是條理清楚。考官們看文章也必然要通過這些關鍵性的“標簽”來判定你的文章是否結構清楚，條理自然。破解方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點前就清楚了。
1）first, second, third, last（不推薦，原因：俗）
2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推薦，原因：俗）
3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推薦，原因：俗）
4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）
5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（強烈推薦）
6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（強烈推薦）
7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（強烈推薦）
8）most important of all, moreover, finally
9）on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點的情況）
10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點的情況）
建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時說話的時候也應該條理清楚！
四、短語優先原則
中國京翰教育 http://www.tmdps.cn/
高中英語輔導網 http://www.tmdps.cn/
寫作時，尤其是在考試時，如果使用短語，有兩個好處：其
一、用短語會使文章增加亮點，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個自己不認識的短語，必然會看你低一等。相反，如果發現亮點—精彩的短語，那么你的文章定會得高分了。其
二、關鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字數，怎么辦？用短語是一個辦法！比如：
I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短語表達：I am looking forward to it.這樣字數明顯增加，表達也更準確。
五、多實少虛原則
原因很簡單，寫文章還是應該寫一些實際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時候，不應該之說nice這樣空洞的詞，應該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如：
走出房間，general的詞是：walk out of the room
但是小偷走出房間應該說：slip out of the room
小姐走出房間應該說：sail out of the room
小孩走出房間應該說：dance out of the room
老人走出房間應該說：stagger out of the room
中國京翰教育 http://www.tmdps.cn/
高中英語輔導網 http://www.tmdps.cn/
所以多用實詞，少用虛詞，文章將會大放異彩！
六、多變句式原則
1）加法（串聯）
都希望寫下很長的句子，像個老外似的，可就是怕寫錯，怎么辦，最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關系或者并列關系。
比如說： I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個超級句式：Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短語可以用：besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2）轉折（拐彎抹角）
批評某人缺點的時候，我們總習慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優點，然后轉入正題，再說缺點，這種方式雖然陰險了點，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說話的時候，只要在要點之前先來點廢話，注意二者之間用個專這次就夠了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短語：despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, not with standing
3）因果（so, so, so）
中國京翰教育 http://www.tmdps.cn/
高中英語輔導網 http://www.tmdps.cn/
昨天在街上我看到了一個女孩，然后我主動搭訕，然后我們去咖啡廳，然后我們認識了，然后我們成為了朋友…可見，講故事的時候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個詞就變得很常見了。其實這個詞表示的是先后或因果關系！
The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短語：then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4）失衡句（頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重）
有些人腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長成這個樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現這樣的句子，就更會讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實就是主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句的變形。
舉例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的復雜成分：
When to go, Why he goes away…
5）附加（多此一舉）
如果有了老婆，總會遇到這樣的情況，當你再講某個人的時候，她會插一句說，我昨天見過他；或者說，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面，那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.中國京翰教育 http://www.tmdps.cn/
高中英語輔導網 http://www.tmdps.cn/
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其實很簡單，同位語--要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個句子的構成；定語從句—借用之前的關鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個句子插入其中，但是whom or that 關鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。
6）排比（排山倒海句）
文學作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那么我希望你引用一個個的排比句，一個個得對偶句，一個個的不定式，一個個地詞，一個個的短語，如此表達將會使文章有排山倒海之勢！
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（氣勢恢宏）
要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可！
七、挑戰極限原則
既然是挑戰極限，必然是比較難的，但是并非不可攀！
中國京翰教育 http://www.tmdps.cn/
高中英語輔導網 http://www.tmdps.cn/ 原理：在學生的文章中，很少發現諸如獨立主格的句子，其實也很簡單，只要花上5分鐘的時間看看就可以領會，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨立主格則不然。比如：
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪！
中國京翰教育 http://www.tmdps.cn/
第二篇：馬克思主義基本原課程總結
《馬克思主義基本原理概論》課程小結
目前概論課普遍存在教學內容和教學方法陳舊的現象，枯燥、乏味、沒有新鮮感的教學過程影響著教學效果。所以，在備課的過程中，針對藝術類學生的特點，我花了大量的時間研究案例教學。在案例教學的實踐中，雖然經歷過幾次小小的挫折，但在學生們的鼓勵下，我堅持了下來，受益匪淺。
總結經驗如下：
1、教學中盲目堆積案例。為了活躍課堂氣氛，吸引學生聽課，在《社會基本矛盾及其運動規律》授課過程中穿插了很多案例，而每個案例都講不透徹。最后下課后，學生只記得講了什么有趣案例，而沒有記住授課的內容，以致本末倒置。這樣使用案例，表面上熱熱鬧鬧，實際上空空如也，達不到教學目的。
2、沒有真正發揮學生的主體作用。在案例教學的授課過程中，我作為教師仍處于傳授者的地位，從案例的介紹、問題的提出、分析的展開、結論的得出、所涉理論知識的深淺以及時間的把握等方面，均處于主導。真正讓學生來思考、分析、討論的情形并不多，反省一下，多為舉例教學。在這種情形下的課堂，學生仍是看熱鬧的外人，而沒有真正深入到案例中去。沒有積極的思考，當然就不可能有深切的體會和收獲。
基于個人對于案例教學的思考，形成了一篇名為《探析獨立學院思想政治理論課教學中案例選擇與解釋——以<馬克思主義基本原理概論課>為例》的論文，并獲得“六屆遼寧省高校青年德育工作者理論研討會征文比賽”二等獎。
僅此論文，作為總結的一部分，向領導匯報。
（一）原理教學引入案例教學法的必要性
1.可聽性：案例導入使抽象概念生動鮮活
馬克思主義基本原理是通過對具體知識的概括、總結與再思考的方式，達到對世界本質和一般規律的把握。靜態的基本原理是枯燥的，它們的具體作用體現在應用的過程中。為此，《原理》課必須以案例為鋪墊，使其生動化。比如在“矛盾普遍性與特殊性”一節講授中，教學案例是“南街村模式與華西村模式”的比較，不僅使學生看到中國新農村的美好前景，而且使學生能夠領悟建設中國特色的社會主義不能照搬別國的模式，不能一刀切，要允許多種經濟形式、多種管理方式、多種運行機制共同發展。又比如在“主要矛盾與次要矛盾”的問題上，選用關云長敗走麥城的典故。關羽并沒有真正接受諸葛亮的勸誡，他把孫權看成是同曹操一樣可惡的“碧眼小兒”；同時打擊曹、魏兩家，主次不分，全線出擊，最終醞成地失人亡的悲劇。這些案例的分析，學生聽得津津有味，增強了學習興趣。
2.通俗性：案例介紹加深學生對深奧理論的理解
學生不是專業的馬克思主義理論研究者，有些基本原理教師覺得容易理解，學生就是想不明白，這主要與他們的生活閱歷與思維方式有關。“案例教學法”能使抽象理論具體化、通俗化，減少學生的畏懼心理和死記硬背的習慣。比如“哲學”中所講的“屬人世界”，學生百思不得其解，尤其是理工科學生，他們所認
為的世界就是基本粒子與場，不自覺地停留在機械唯物主義的層次上。授課中可以通過對“費爾巴哈生平”的分析，講清這位偉大的唯物主義哲學家為什么不能沖破歷史唯心主義牢籠。經過討論，使學生對機械唯物主義與歷史唯物主義有個比較清晰的區分，從而帶動一系列難點的解決。又比如，學生對“認識來源于實踐”感受不深，覺得很多成功來源于靈感和偶然。教學中選用摩爾根纂寫《古代社會》一書的案例，向同學說明，為什么生活在資本主義上升時期的摩爾根能寫出研究原始社會的一部杰作？這離不開他的親身實踐，他除了對歐、美許多未開化的原始部落進行調查、考察、分析外，還在印第安易洛魁部落居住了40年之久，對原始部落的經濟、社會組織、婚姻、家庭、習俗、宗教各方面都有了透徹的了解，掌握了豐富的第一手資料。而靈感和機遇的捕獲，往往是多次實踐的結果。這些都能引起學生思考與探究的興趣，從而有效克服了機械的思維模式。3.實用性：案例教學培養學生分析解決實際問題的能力 理論必須要滿足學生探索社會問題的需要、追求事業成功和日后人生幸福的需要，才能提高學生對它的認同感。如在講“絕對真理和相對真理”問題時，列舉人們對SARS、對甲型H1N1流感等的不斷認識，通過討論，使學生認識到人類始終處于追求真理的路上，學習是無止境的。在此過程中，學生獨立思考的能力得到提高，解決實際問題的能力也隨之增強。
有部分同學盡管對美國侵占伊拉克表示憤慨，但又認為美國在人權保護方面做得不錯。針對這一情況，在“人的本質與價值”這一章節的教學中，可以著重介紹阿布格萊布監獄美軍虐囚事件、美國政府在世界各地秘密設立的監獄以及美國國內的人權問題的大量案例，讓學生了解人權是基于人的自然屬性與社會屬性享有的和應當享有的各種基本權利。通過案例分析，深刻地揭露了美國人權政治雙重標準以及人權外交的實質。
對于學生希望成才的渴望，可以在“意識”相關章節的講授中，列舉通過主觀努力取得成功的偉人，如居里夫人等；也可以在人民群眾與杰出人物有關章節的講授中，列舉毛澤東、羅斯福等歷史人物，回答“什么是人才？如何成才？為什么人人都可以成才”的基本道理，受到同學的歡迎。
（二）案例選擇的基本原則 培養學生學習的興趣，對提高思想政治理論課的時效性起著重大作用。因此，在教學中應當把思想政治理論課中案例的典型性與新穎性、知識性與趣味性、相關性與輻射性相結合。這不僅是思想政治理論課教學任務的艱巨性、嚴肅性和教學過程的復雜性所決定的，更是由獨立學院學生生理、心理發展的特點決定的。
1.典型性與新穎性
典型性是案例選取最基本的原則，是指要以講授的知識為中心來選擇案例，使案例服務于講授的知識，而且被選案例要有舉一反
三、觸類旁通的作用。比如在講到“整個世界是一個相互聯系的統一整體”時，可以運用“六度空間理論”加以闡釋；在講授“事物的發展道路是曲折的，前途是光明的”，選擇詹姆士·琴納推廣種牛痘遇到的困難做作為案例。這類案例具有典型性，容易說明問題，案
例的分析和討論能夠有助于學生掌握基本的原理、處理事情的方法和原則等。但有些典型案例比較陳舊，過于“正統”，如，用塞翁失馬詮釋對立統一規律，用田忌賽馬詮釋質量互變規律，雖然典型，但這些故事學生們早就耳熟能詳。這個時候，就必須舉一些具有新穎性的例子。
什么是新穎性？一是新近的。對于那些新近發生在國內國際的新聞時事，那些最近發生在校園里和學生身邊的事情，大家都會關注。二是別人沒聽過的。教師的知識面一般來說比學生要寬，掌握的教學資源也比較多，應當發揮自己的特長，多舉一些學生不熟悉的新奇案例。
典型案例很能說明問題，但有時候不容易引起學生的興趣。新穎的案例能夠彌補典型案例的不足，為大家喜聞樂見，但未必具有廣泛的影響力。所以，應將二者結合起來。在案例的總體分配中，典型性案例和新穎性案例都應當占有一定的比例，二者不可有所偏廢。
2.知識性與趣味性
在案例的選擇和運用上，要將知識性與趣味性結合起來。首先，要注重知識性。只有讓學生在聽課的過程中潛移默化地了解更多知識，他們才會對課程和教師有較強的認同感。例如，在講“貨幣的本質”時就給學生舉世界文學史上“四大吝嗇鬼”（夏洛克、阿巴貢、潑留希金、葛朗臺）的例子，往往這個時候，學生都在做筆記。
其次，趣味性非常重要。選擇趣味性較強的案例，并以幽默詼諧的語言演繹出來，往往會收到事半功倍的效果。這種案例不一定要求很長，但一定要貼切。例如，在講授“資本”一節內容時，需要講清資本的本質屬性(資本是一種特殊的價值)、表現形式(資本表現為不同的物質形式)和基本特點(資本的運動性、增值性和返還性)。如果就理論講理論就顯得比較抽象，學生不易理解，記憶也不深刻。可以列舉孫悟空七十二變的故事，孫悟空雖然可以有不同的變化，但它本身是孫猴子，以此來比喻資本雖然可以在不同運動階段采取不同的物質形式，但它本質上是一種特殊的價值。為了說明資本循環過程中的增值性，可以列舉八十年代的流行歌曲《回娘家》里的一段歌詞，指出資本在循環運動中帶回的雖然不是“胖娃娃”，卻也帶回了“金娃娃”。通過講述案例，增強了趣味性，使學生對“資本”這個知識點能有比較形象的理解。
在知識性和趣味性結合的過程中，如果二者發生沖突，知識性為先。學生自然希望案例越有趣越好，但教師有自己的責任，而且案例過多，會沖淡課本知識，出現“喧賓奪主”的后果。
3.相關性與輻射性
所謂相關性，要求案例選取要與學生專業相關、與學生就業相關、與學生生活相關，即以選擇最貼近學生的事例為原則。如在講人生價值時，引入“北大才子賣肉”、“廣州碩士賣豬肉”和“大學生做村官”等事件，由于這一系列事件和大學生就業以及人生價值的實現有密切聯系，在學生中間獲得強烈反響，課堂討論的氣氛也十分活躍。
除了相關性之外，課堂教學所采用的案例一定要能夠給學生留有較大的思維空間，要有較強的輻射性，要能夠培養學生發散和創新的思維，從而提高他們的思維素質。如，在講授經濟和政治關系時，可以采用美國霸權主義的推行在世界范圍內帶來的后果，如科索沃戰爭、阿富汗戰爭和伊拉克戰爭等??引導學生要正確認識霸權主義。同學們從不同的角度出發進行激烈的爭論，提出許多很有見地的觀點，使學生和教師均受益非淺。
（三）案例解釋時應注意把握以下三對關系 1.教師講授和學生討論相結合以加強互動性
在傳統教學中，教師占有絕對的主導地位，學生是教學的客體，處于被動和服從地位。在案例教學法中，學生是教學的中心，強調學生在教學活動中的主體地位，鼓勵學生以主角的身份積極參與到教學活動中。在教學過程中，教師要創造良好的自由討論的氣氛和環境，簡要介紹案例的相關背景，在討論過程中對學生進行引導，使案例討論緊緊圍繞主題展開。
需要注意的是，學生們思想道德水平、認識問題分析問題的能力參差不齊，尤其是許多學生往往受現實陰暗面的影響較深，看問題往往具有較強的片面性和偏激性。他們過分關注社會腐敗的一面，懷疑和否定社會積極的一面。因此，教師在引導學生進行課堂討論和進行總結時，要能夠運用馬克思主義基本原理對學生提出的觀點進行論證或批判，以平等的態度與學生共同探討，堅持正面教育，以理服人，使學生能夠真正受到啟發，真正能夠解決思想中存在的種種困惑，切實提高學生運用馬克思主義基本原理觀察世界，分析問題的能力。
2.案例教學與理論講授相結合以凸顯科學性 案例教學固然很重要，但案例教學并不能完全取代理論教學。教師對相關原理的重點和難點進行適當講授，是教學中不能缺少的。案例中往往同時包含多個理論知識點，分析時比較復雜，難以理出頭緒，這就要求教師既要把理論知識講透，又要能指導學生運用理論去分析實際。所以，學生如果沒有必要的理論基礎作為鋪墊，案例討論就達不到理想的效果。在理論教學與案例教學的關系中，理論教學是案例教學的基礎，案例教學是理論教學的運用。因此，教師可適當地調整教學內容，精講知識；同時，根據理論教學的內容選擇合適的案例，使二者相輔相承達到良好的教學效果。課堂理論講授應當是誘導式和啟發式的，應該與案例討論結合起來。
3.授課方式與授課內容相結合以提高有效性
在教學中除了有好的案例之外，還必須恰當運用所選案例。運用案例進行教學，要根據不同的內容、不同的對象來決定運用方式，歸納起來大致有以下三種。
①引子懸念式：上課前用案例引出要講授的某一具體原理，給學生留下懸念，然后教師既可以結合案例講授理論，也可以讓學生聽完理論，自己去分析判斷案例，教師再做總結。
②簡單列舉式：是教師在系統講授了某一理論后，舉
一、兩個案例，用剛講過的理論去分析解剖，也可請學生先分析、發表意見，教師再做總結。這種方式
雖然層次不高，但靈活簡便，節約時間，適合于馬克思主義哲學各部分教學內容和學生人數較多的班級。
③課堂討論式：教師把選擇好的案例事先發給學生，并提出思考題，指定參考書目，由同學各自閱讀、分析、思考，并將分析的意見寫成發言提綱，在課堂上開展對案例的分析、討論和辯論。例如在講哲學對立統一規律時，引入取消中醫的觀點，請同學們分析評價。這種方式讓學生以主角的身份積極參與到教學活動中，使其在民主自由的氣氛中交流彼此的看法，學生學習的興趣大大提高。這種方式花費的時間和精力都比較多，適用于講授教學重點內容，并且在人數較少的班級應用容易取得好的效果。
案例教學法強調“授之漁而非授之魚”，對于思想政治理論課教師，不只是傳授學生課本的知識，更重要的是教導學生思考的過程，學生需要的不只是成堆的理論知識，更需要的是能夠活用理論知識的能力；教師應賦予學生思考及行動的自由，發展學生個人的分析能力，提高學生傾聽和溝通的能力，增進學生獨立思考的能力。總之，在獨立學院思想政治理論課教學中，對案例選擇與解釋的研究具有深遠的意義。
第三篇：英語寫作的七項基本原則（推薦）
英語寫作的七項基本原則
一、長短句原則
工作還得一張一馳呢，老讓讀者讀長句，累死人！英語長句能體現作者的寫作能力，寫作得高分；但是寫一個短小精辟的句子，也能起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且一般我們把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主題：
As a creature, I eat;as a man, I read.Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.如此可見，長短句結合，抑揚頓挫，豈不爽哉？牢記！
強烈建議：在文章第一段（開頭）用一長一短，且先長后短；在文章主體部分，要先用一個短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝！文章結尾一般用一長一短就可以了。
二、主題句原則
國有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感！相信各位讀過一些破爛文學，故意把主體隱藏在文章之內，結果造成我們稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個主題句，放在文章的開頭（保險型）或者結尾，讓讀者一目了然，必會平安無事！
特別提示：隱藏主體句可是要冒險的！
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主題句）.Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.三、一 二 三原則
領導講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點? 如此羅嗦。可畢竟還是條理清楚。考官們看文章也必然要通過這些關鍵性的“標簽”來判定你的文章是否結構清楚，條理自然。破解方法很簡單，只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個要點前就清楚了。
1）first, second, third, last（不推薦，原因：俗）
2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally（不推薦，原因：俗）
3）the first, the second, the third, the last（不推薦，原因：俗）
4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（不推薦，原因：俗）
5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（強烈推薦）
6）to start with, next, in addition, finally（強烈推薦）
7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（強烈推薦）
8）most important of all, moreover, finally
9）on the one hand, on the other hand（適用于兩點的情況）
10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點的情況）
建議：不僅僅在寫作中注意，平時說話的時候也應該條理清楚！
四、短語優先原則
寫作時，尤其是在考試時，如果使用短語，有兩個好處：其
一、用短語會使文章增加亮點，如果老師們看到你的文章太簡單，看不到一個自己不認識的短語，必然會看你低一等。相反，如果發現亮點—精彩的短語，那么你的文章定會得高分了。其
二、關鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字數，怎么辦？用短語是一個辦法！比如：
I cannot bear it.可以用短語表達：I cannot put up with it.I want it.可以用短語表達：I am looking forward to it.這樣字數明顯增加，表達也更準確。
五、多實少虛原則
原因很簡單，寫文章還是應該寫一些實際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞，少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時候，不應該之說nice這樣空洞的詞，應該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如：
走出房間，general的詞是：walk out of the room
但是小偷走出房間應該說：slip out of the room
小姐走出房間應該說：sail out of the room
小孩走出房間應該說：dance out of the room
老人走出房間應該說：stagger out of the room
所以多用實詞，少用虛詞，文章將會大放異彩！
六、多變句式原則
1）加法（串聯）
都希望寫下很長的句子，像個老外似的，可就是怕寫錯，怎么辦，最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些，可以在任何句子之間加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后關系或者并列關系。比如說：
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.如果是二者并列的，我們可以用一個超級句式：
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.其它的短語可以用：
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
2）轉折（拐彎抹角）
批評某人缺點的時候，我們總習慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優點，然后轉入正題，再說缺點，這種方式雖然陰險了點，可畢竟還比較容易讓人接受。所以呢，我們說話的時候，只要在要點之前先來點廢話，注意二者之間用個專這次就夠了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin, but it was warm.更多的短語：
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding
3）因果（so, so, so）
昨天在街上我看到了一個女孩，然后我主動搭訕，然后我們去咖啡廳，然后我們認識了，然后我們成為了朋友?可見，講故事的時候我們總要追求先后順序，先什么，后什么，所以然后這個詞就變得很常見了。其實這個詞表示的是先后或因果關系！
The snow began to fall, so we went home.更多短語：
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that
4）失衡句（頭重腳輕，或者頭輕腳重）
有些人腦袋大，身體小，或者有些人腦袋小，身體大，雖然我們不希望長成這個樣子，可如果真的是這樣了，也就必然會吸引別人的注意力。文章中如果出現這樣的句子，就更會讓考官看到你的句子與眾不同。其實就是主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句的變形。
舉例：This is what I can do.Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的復雜成分：
When to go, Why he goes away?
5）附加（多此一舉）
如果有了老婆，總會遇到這樣的情況，當你再講某個人的時候，她會插一句說，我昨天見過他；或者說，就是某某某，如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面，那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。
The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.其實很簡單，同位語--要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個句子的構成；定語從句—借用之前的關鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個句子插入其中，但是whom or that 關鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。
6）排比（排山倒海句）
文學作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此，如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話，那么我希望你引用一個個的排比句，一個個得對偶句，一個個的不定式，一個個地詞，一個個的短語，如此表達將會使文章有排山倒海之勢！
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.（氣勢恢宏）
要想寫出如此氣勢恢宏的句子非用排比不可！
七、挑戰極限原則
既然十挑戰極限，必然是比較難的，但是并非不可攀！
原理：在學生的文章中，很少發現諸如獨立主格的句子，其實也很簡單，只要花上5分鐘的時間看看就可以領會，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨立主格則不然。比如：
The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出這樣的句子，不得高分才怪！
第四篇：英語寫作教案 2
XXXXXX學院教案
2013—2014學第一學期
授課課程：英語寫作 授課教師：XXXX 授課班級：交流生項目英語強化班 授課章節名稱 Chapter 1 Using proper words 教學目的與要求 Grasp correct usage of words 教學重點 Diction
教學難點 The ways of distinguishing the levels of words 思考題與作業 Task 1-2 教學內容、設計與時間安排：
I.Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II.Teaching procedures
Step 1.Revision and lead-in 1.Tell the function of the words 2.Discuss the synonyms and antonyms Step 2.Presentation: Ⅰ.Types of words
The words that are often used may be divided, from a stylistic point of view, into three types: formal, common, and colloquial Formal words may also be called learned words, or literary words, or bigwords.They mainly appear in formal writing, such as scholarly or theoretical works, political and legal documents, and formal lectures and addresses.Many such words contain three or more than three syllables;most of them are of Greek or Latin origin.They are seldom used in daily conversation, except for special purposes.Ⅱ.Choice of words
The meaning of a word has two aspects: denotative and connotative.A word’s denotation is what it literally means, as defined by the dictionary;its connotation is the feeling or idea suggested by it.For instance, country, nation, state and land have more or less the same denotation and may all be translated into guojia in Chinese, but their connotations are quite different.Country refers to an area of land and its population and government, nation emphasizes the people of a country, state refers to the government or political organization of a country, and land is less precise but more literary and emotive than country.As compared here, these four words may be said to be synonyms.English is particularly rich in synonyms as a result of incorporating words from other languages over the centuries.But we should remember that it is difficult to find two words that are exactly the same in meaning and use.They may be different in stylistic level, in the degree of emphasis, in emotional coloring, in tone, and in collocation.Small and little are often interchangeable, but there is some difference in emotional coloring between them.Small is objective, while little may imply a feeling of fondness.Modest and humble both indicate a lack of pride, but modesty is a virtue and humbleness is not.Humble often connotes undue self-depreciation.So they are different in tone: one is laudatory and the other is derogatory.Some synonyms have different collocations: they are habitually used with certain words.Large, not big, for instance, is used to modify nouns like amount, number and quantity(a large amount of money, a large number of people, a large quantity of beer, etc.).Similarly, with nouns denoting personal qualities, such as courage, confidence, ability, and wisdom, not big or large, but great, is commonly used.Ⅲ.General and specific words and synonyms
Comparatively speaking, some words are more general or more specific in meanin g than others.Professionals, for instance, is more general than scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists, etc.all of which are more specific.But scientists may be called a general word when compared with physicists or chemists, which, in turn, is more general than biochemists.It is easy to see that the specific words on the right are much more concrete and colorful than the general ones on the left;they seem to make the reader see, hear, or feel what the writer wishes to describe.Using specific words should go along with providing details, and then there will be effective and impressive writing.Study the following examples.Ⅳ.Idioms and some phrases
An idiom is a fixed group of words with a special meaning which is different from the meanings of the words that form it.To read a book‖, for instance, is not an idiom, for the meaning of the phrase is the meanings of the three words put together, and ―a book‖ can be replaced by other words like ―a newspaper‖ or ―a novel‖.To ―read between the lines‖ is different.The four words that form the phrase give no hint as to what it means and none of the words can be changed to form another understandable phrase.Idioms are frequently used in speech and writing.They help to make one’s language sound natural and idiomatic.But in using them foreign learners of English should remember the following two points:(1)most idioms are informal or colloquial in style and can be used in conversation;but a few are slang and should be used with care, such as all balled up, meaning troubled or confused, and to cough up, meaning to produce something;(2)many idioms have become clichés and are no longer fresh or interesting, such as armed to the teeth and as good as gold, and should be used sparingly.Step 3.Practice: List some idioms, such as: Practice makes perfect.When in Rome, do as the Romans do.All roads lead to Rome.Step 4.Summary:
1.Make a brief summary of the word usage 2.Summarize the synonyms Step 5.Assignment: Chapter 1 Finish doing the task 1,2 ,3 on p2-14 Chapter 2 Making correct and effective sentences 教學目的與要求 Grasp the coordinative and subordinate sentences 教學重點 The ways of making complex sentences in writing 教學難點 The ways of making complex sentences in writing 思考題與作業 Task 1-13 教學內容、設計與時間安排：
I.Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II.Teaching procedures
Step 1.Revision and lead-in
1.Review the ways of complex sentence making
2.Discuss the functions of coordination and subordination Step 2.Presentation:
I.coordination and subordination
1.Some sentences follow climactic order, the last word being the most important, and because many words are piled up before the key word, the sense of climax is made very strong.Most of the sentences are compound and compound-complex, and all of them, except the second half of the last sentence, are loose in structure.There is no suspense or climax;the tone is easy, relaxed and informal.The writer uses these loose sentences because he is enumerating facts or ideas of equal importance, and also because he aims at a natural and orderly presentation.Loose sentences are easier, simpler, more natural and direct;periodic sentences are more complex, emphatic, formal, or literary.When a sentence contains two or more chapters of the same form and grammatical function, it is one with parallel constructions: Such parallel sentences are emphatic and forceful.When a sentence contains two parallel clauses similar in structure but contrasted in meaning, it is a balanced sentence.Balanced sentences are impressive because of the contrast, and pleasing to hear because of the rhythm.They are mainly used in formal writing, like expository and argumentative prose, and speeches.2.Figures of speech
There are various ways of using words figuratively.They are called figures of speech.Among the most common of them are: 1.Simile it is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like: 2.Metaphor it is the use of a word which originally denotes one thing to refer to another with a similar quality.It is also a comparison, but the comparison is implied, not expressed with the word as or like.If Robert burns had written ―0 my loves a red, re rose‖ with the word like omitted, he would have used a metaphor instead of a simile.In the changed line, my love‖ is also compared to a red rose, but there is no word to indicate the comparison;hence rose is a metaphor.Step 3.Practice: Make some coordinative and subordinate sentences according to the knowledge mentioned above.Step 4.Summary: 1.Make a brief summary of the ways of making oordinative and subordinate sentences 2.Summarize the contents of this subject
Step 5.Class writing Exercise: Solar Energy Reference answer: The energy crisis the world is now experiencing has forced scientists to investigate new sources of energy.It is clear that the fossil fuel era is gradually coming to an end.Oil and nat ural gas will be depleted first, followed eventually by coal.The need for developing energy alternatives is thus evident.Solar power is receiving wide attention as one of the possible best sources of energy.It has mainly two factors in its favor.Firstly, unlike fossil fuels, it is an environmentally clean source of energy.Secondly, it is an abundant and inexhaustible source of energy.However, solar power has its disadvantages.One of them is that large collecting areas are required.The second disadvantage is that this system would not work in a cloudy area as well as at night.However, in sunny area, solar power could help solve the energy crisis.Step 6.Assignment: Chapter 2 Task1,2 P28-34
授課章節名稱 chapter 3 Developing paragraphs 教學目的與要求 Grasp the skills of developing paraphs 教學重點 The ways of skillfully using emphatic sentences 教學難點 Grasp the skills of wring effective sentences 思考題與作業 Task 13-20 教案內容：
I.Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II.Teaching procedures
Step 1.Revision and lead-in
1.Review the functions of coordination and subordination 2.Discuss the skills of wring effective sentences Step 2.Presentation: Effective Sentences 1.Unity Unity is the first quality of an effective sentence.A unified sentence expresses a single complete thought.It does not contain ideas that are not closely related, nor does it express a thought that is not complete by itself.2.Coherence Coherence means clear and reasonable connection between chapters, a sentence is coherent when its words or chapters are properly connected and their relationships unmistakably clear.It is not coherent if it has faulty parallel constructions, pronouns with ambiguous reference, dangling or misplaced modifiers, confusing shifts in person and number, or in voice, tense, and mood.Parallel ideas had better be expressed in parallel constructions, which give emphasis, clarity and coherence to a sentence.―what he says‖ and ―his deeds‖ are not parallel in form, so one of them has to be changed.The second sentence is faulty for the same reason and can be improved in the same way.In the third, ―faith‖ and ―hope‖ are parallel, but they should be followed by different prepositions.The three sentences are labeled ―faulty‖ because of the unclear or wrong connection between certain chapters.In the first sentence ―about sportsmen‖ seems to modify ―magazine,‖ but it should modify ―story.‖ In the second the which-clause is related to ―bag‖ but apparently it is meant to modify ―books.‖ In the third ―at first‖ may modify ―mentioned‖ and may also modify ―sounded‖ –an ambiguity that should be cleared up.All the faults are caused by misplaced modifiers.The faulty sentences are not coherent because of a confusing change in person, in number, in mood, and in voice respectively.A sentence should be consistent in these respects.Unnecessary shifts should be avoided.3.Conciseness
Chapter 7 writing for practical purpose letters 教學目的與要求 Grasp the skills of writing personal and business letters 教學重點 The ways of writing business letters 教學難點 The ways of writing business letters 思考題與作業 Task 19-26 教學內容、設計與時間安排： 教案內容：
I.Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II.Teaching procedures
Step 1.Revision and lead-in 1.Review the skills of notices and note writing 2.Discuss the skills of writing personal and business letters Step 2.Presentation: I.Letters
Letters are important means of communication.Generally speaking, there are two types of letters, business letters and personal letters.… 1.Form A letter has six chapters: the heading, the inside address, the salutation, the body, the complimentary close, and the signature.(1)The heading The heading gives the full address of the writer and the date of the letter.…(2)The inside address The inside address, which is often omitted in personal letters, gives the name and full address of the addressee.(3)The salutation The salutation is a greeting to the addressee.It is written flush with the left margin two spaces below the inside address.(4)The body In the body of the letter, all paragraphs should begin flush with the left margin(the block style)or begin with an equal indention(the indented style), and the letter is usually single-spaced within the paragraph and doubled-spaced between paragraphs.(5)The complimentary close The closing of a business letter consists of three chapters: complimentary close, signature, and the typed name.In the complimentary close, only the first word is capitalized.…
2.Language
The style and tone of letters can be greatly varied.General speaking, the style and tone of a personal letter differ from those of a business letter-the former is casual, whereas the latter is formal.…(1)Business letters 1)Invitation 2)Application for entry to a college 4)Applications for visas(2)Personal letters II..Curriculum Vitae A curriculum vitae(c.v.)or resume is a short written account of the main events of one’s life.It is often required when one applies for a job.… 1.Name;Unlike most Westerners.We Chinese put our family name at the beginning as surname, whereas they put it at the end as last name.… 2.Address: If you like, you may write both your business or temporary address and your home address for example: … 3.Telephone:(0)or(W)is put after your office telephone number and(H), your home telephone number.4.Marital status: Put single or married(, no/two children).5.Education: schools should be listed either in chronological order(usually starting from the year when you entered college or when you got your first degree)or from the most recent backwards with the dates of attendance.… 6.Professions/work Experience: Under this heading, in addition to the date, write also your position/title and the name of the institution.For example: … 7.Awards/Honors and scholarships: these include scholarships, fellowships, grants, etc: 8.Publications: Books and articles follow the format of the bibliography card in chapter Eight The Research Paper, with the name of the author omitted.… 9.Professional Affiliations/Memberships: Examples under this heading are: 10.Lang uages: You may write the following under this heading: 11.References/Referees: They are people who know you and can offer information or recommendation.The normal number of references is two or three, and it is imperative that you obtain their permission before using their names.In addition to names of your references, provide also their positions, full addresses and telephone numbers.Step 3.Practice:
Discuss the method of writing a business letter with the method mentioned above.Step 4.Summary:
1.Make a brief summary of the ways of letter writing 2.Summarize the contents of this subject Writing exercise: Write a personal letter to your friend(about 200 words)Step 5.Assignment: Chapter 7 Task11-20 p202-216
授課章節名稱 Chapter 8 Preparing research papers Steps and formats 教學目的與要求 Grasp the methods of writing the research paper 教學重點 The format of research paper 教學難點 The format of research paper 思考題與作業 Task 1-7
教學內容、設計與時間安排、教案內容：
I.Teaching method: Discussion and interaction II.Teaching procedures
Step 1.Revision and lead-in
1.Review the skills of writing personal and business letters 2.Discuss the methods of writing the research paper Step 2.Presentation: I.Definition and Purpose
Having learned how to write essays, we are now working at the highest and the most difficult stage of writing—thesis writing or writing of a research paper.… In the process of preparing a research paper, we may at least achieve the following: 1)we may learn how to use libraries, how to read books critically and efficiently, and how to use them wisely and correctly.2)we may familiarize ourselves with the knowledge and mechanics necessary for writing a research paper.II.Steps
We go through five steps or stages in the process of preparing a research paper: 1)choosing a topic;2)collecting information;3)analyzing the information, organizing ideas, and working out an outline;1.Choosing a Topic The selection of a topic is the first important step in preparing a research paper.An inappropriate decision about a research topic may lead to the failure of the whole project, or at least a waste of time and energy.… 1)Selecting a general topic 2)Reading and thinking 3)Narrowing down the scope of our topic to a facet or facets which can be developed into a research paper.The following points may be used as a set of criteria for our final topic:(1)It should be a topic that is meaningful and serious.(2)It should be a topic which we are able to handle.(3)It should be a topic for which sufficient materials are available.(4)It should be a topic that can be treated objectively, a topic that does not involve personal likes or dislikes.The following example shows how to restrict the scope and how to work out a suitable topic for a research paper: It should be a topic which we are able to handle.2.Collecting information It is impossible for us to write a paper of some significance without any information, … 1)Using the library A library is a center of information.… Sample 1 About the adventures of march in the title catalogue file, we can find one of more cards for the novel published by different companies and at different times:… 2)Reading Most of the information or raw material for a paper will come from books, … 3)Taking notes While reading, we should take notes because it is almost impossible for us to remember everything we have read and without good notes it is very difficult for us to produce a good research paper.3.Analyzing the information, organizing ideas and working out an outline 1)The thesis statement 2)Outlining
4.Writing The First Draft 1)Using our own words 2 Using the proper tenses 3)Uniting facts and views 4)Paying attention to logic and organization 5)Making our tone objective rather than personal 6)Choosing the right style
5.Revising the Draft and Finalizing the Paper III Format
1.components of a paper 1)thesis statement and outline 2)Introduction 3)Body 4)Conclusion 5)In-text notes and works cited
2.Use of Quotations 1)Rules regarding the use of quotations 2)When to use direct quotations 3)How to use direct quotations 3.Use of notes 1)Avoiding plagiarism 2)note forms 3)Notes for supplementary information 4.Works cited 1)The book catalogue 2)Making bibliography 3)Bibliography cards for books Step 3.Practice: Discuss the method of writing a research paper with the method mentioned above.Step 4.Summary: 1.Make a brief summary of the ways of research paper writing 2.Summarize the contents of this subject
第五篇：英語寫作教案
英語寫作教案
Teaching Objectives: instruct students how to finish a writing task(寫作任務為2013年安徽英語高考作文 on the way to school)Teaching important points: how to help students to finish a composition of good quality in a limited time Teaching methods: discussion and presenting Teaching Procedures: Step1.Pre-writing
1.審題。
作為老師，我們首先要做到的就是教學生審題，確定文章所屬的題材，了解文章的主題，并按照先后的順序將文章分段。高中英語寫作題材以說明、記敘和議論為主。以2013年高考英語作文on the way to school 為例，文章要求以在我上學的路上為背景，從遵守交通規則和注意文明舉止兩方面說明如何講求文明，從我做起。這種作文應為以記敘為主，并有少量議論，“講求文明，從我做起”為主題，“遵守交通規則，注意文明舉止”為要點。段落劃分為三段：第一段點明主題并交代背景：在我上學的路上；第二段從“遵守交通規則，注意文明舉止”兩個要點闡明如何講求文明；第三段總結全文。
2.學生們小組自由討論：What bad behavior do you often run into on the way to school? 這種Brainstorming活動可以幫助激活學生們對話題的已知信息，為下一步的寫作做好鋪墊。3.議題。
在審題的基礎上，我們應先列出與文章主題內容有關的詞匯、短語和句式，并形成寫作思路。如講文明應為be civilized, 從我做起應為start from me，遵守交通規則 obey traffic rules，注意文明舉止應為 behave yourself 或 well behaved。遵守交通規則的行為有不闖紅燈 run red, 走人行橫道 zebra crossing。cause harm to 造成危害；as for… 就…而言；keep… in mind 牢記在心；keep to the right 靠右；the pedestrian crossing 人行橫道；regard/consider … as my duty… 把…看做職責；make a difference 有作用；有影響。講文明的行為包括不隨地吐痰spitting，不亂扔垃圾littering。Step 2.While-writing 第一步：學生們分小組認真讀題、思考，并討論對于這個話題他們可能會提出哪些問題（自由地，無序地，想到什么就提什么問題）。第二步：學生們把他們的問題從語篇結構上分類。如：
第一段：目前存在的問題（緊扣主題：遵守交通和舉止文明方面）及其影響 ■ How is the present situation of people obeying traffic rules? ■ How do people behave in public? ■ What are the consequences of people breaking traffic rules? ■ What effects does people’s bad behavior have? ■ …
第二段：如何解決問題（緊扣主題：上學路上，自己遵守交通和舉止文明的具體做法）
■ What should we do to help to make a change? ■ What means of transport should I choose when I go to school? ■ If I take a bus to school, what should I do? ■ If I take my dad’s or mum’s car to school, what should I do? ■ If I ride a bike to school, what should I do? ■ If I walk to school, what should I do? ■ What should I do when I see some litter on the way? ■ What should I do when I see an old lady or man who wants to cross the road? ■ …
第三段：總結（感受、期望或呼吁等）■ How do I feel about my behavior? ■ What do I anticipate? ■ …
第三步：學生們小組合作來回答這些問題。實際上這些問題的答案就基本組成了作文的核心內容。
第四步：學生們討論需要哪些語篇結構表達。
首先，段落的主題句。
其次，語篇標志表達（Discourse Marker）。
1．過渡句。
2．“起、承、轉、合”的連接表達，如： ⑴ 表并列關系的詞語：
■ and, or, also，as well, too；
■ as well as…，not only…but also, both … and… ⑵ 表增補的詞語：
■ in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover, again, also, what’s more, similarly…
⑶ 表轉折對比的過渡詞：
■ although, but, however, yet, instead, on the contrary … ⑷ 表原因的詞語：
■ because, since, as, for, now that, because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, for this reason, considering that, seeing that； as a result of …
⑸ 表結果的詞語：
■ so, so that, so…that, such…that，as a result；therefore； thus；consequently …
⑹ 表特定的順序關系的詞語：
■ First / Firstly, … Second / Secondly, … Third / Thirdly …
■ First of all / To begin with , then, next, finally/in the end/at last … ⑺ 表總結的詞語：
■ in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, in short, in general, generally speaking, finally, to conclude …
……
最后，學生們討論可能會用到哪些高級詞匯、短語以及句型。第五步：學生們獨立完成各自的作文。Step 3.Post-writing 1.教師需引導學生從以下四個方面對原稿進行再加工：①文章是否跑題。②開頭和結尾是否點題，條理是否清晰，布局是否合理，內容是否連貫，格式是否正確。③要點是否寫全，有無遺漏。④有無主謂、人稱一致，有無時態、語態、冠詞及名詞單復數等方面的語法錯誤。
5、最后定稿
2.首先，同伴分享閱讀，互助批改。然后，同伴推選寫得較好的（也可以是隨選擇幾篇）與全班同學分享。接下來，我對學生們寫作的總體評價與反饋。
最后，同學們談談感受：今天的寫作課我最大的收獲是……
3.參考范文、佳例示范
提供佳作范文，讓學生用心揣摩、賞析、學習。附：范文佳例
On the way to School These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment.Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone.As for me, it should start on my way to school.I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.If I ride a bike, I’ll always keep to the right and never cross a road until the traffic light turns green.If I walk, I’ll never forget to use the pedestrian crossing.Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behavior will make a difference.賞析：本文要點齊全，層次清晰, 表達地道，并使用相應的高級句型和高級詞匯，不失為一篇佳作。
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