第一篇：文章數(shù)字認(rèn)證中英文

數(shù)字證書(shū)

數(shù)字證書(shū)是一種數(shù)據(jù)文件，用來(lái)確定人們的身份和Internet上的電子資產(chǎn)。數(shù)字證書(shū)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)安全而加密的聯(lián)機(jī)通信，并經(jīng)常用來(lái)保護(hù)聯(lián)機(jī)事務(wù)處理。

定義

隨著電子交易的盛行，越來(lái)越需要第三方以數(shù)字證書(shū)的形式進(jìn)行認(rèn)證和授權(quán)。數(shù)字證書(shū)由被稱(chēng)為認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)的可信任的第三方進(jìn)行簽發(fā)。認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)證書(shū)持有者的身份進(jìn)行確認(rèn)，并在證書(shū)上“簽字”，來(lái)證明書(shū)該證書(shū)未曾被偽造或改變。

當(dāng)某證書(shū)被認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行數(shù)字化簽名后，該證書(shū)的持有者就將其作為電子通行證來(lái)證明他的身份。持有者可以向要求安全訪問(wèn)的站點(diǎn)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)或個(gè)人出示證書(shū)。

證書(shū)中的識(shí)別信息包括持有者的姓名、電子郵件地址、認(rèn)機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱(chēng)、序列號(hào)，以及證書(shū)的生效日期和失效日期。當(dāng)用戶(hù)的身份由認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)確認(rèn)后，證書(shū)就使用持有者的公鑰來(lái)保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)。

Web服務(wù)器也可以用使用公鑰的證書(shū)來(lái)向用戶(hù)的瀏覽器確認(rèn)站點(diǎn)的真實(shí)性。當(dāng)用戶(hù)向某一個(gè)Web服務(wù)器發(fā)送機(jī)密信息，例如聯(lián)機(jī)事務(wù)處理所需要的信用卡號(hào)，瀏覽器就會(huì)從服務(wù)器的數(shù)字證書(shū)中取出公鑰來(lái)確認(rèn)該服務(wù)器的身份。

公鑰加密

公鑰是公鑰加密所使用的一對(duì)密鑰中的一個(gè)，是數(shù)字認(rèn)證的基礎(chǔ)。

公鑰加密利用一對(duì)公鑰和私鑰來(lái)進(jìn)行加密和解密。這兩種密鑰都有數(shù)值，將該數(shù)值用于某種算法中，可將信息置亂，并只有擁有相應(yīng)解密密鑰的用戶(hù)才能看懂信息。

一個(gè)人的公鑰被其他人用來(lái)對(duì)只發(fā)給那個(gè)人的信息進(jìn)行加密。當(dāng)他收到信息時(shí)，就使用不被別人所知的相應(yīng)密鑰來(lái)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行解密。一個(gè)人的公鑰可以被分發(fā)給其他人，而不使私鑰的保密性受到破壞。

數(shù)字證書(shū)采用公鑰體制，即利用一對(duì)互相匹配的密鑰進(jìn)行加密、解密。每個(gè)用戶(hù)自己設(shè)定一把特定的僅為本人所知的私有密鑰（私鑰），用它進(jìn)行解密和簽名；同時(shí)設(shè)定一把公共密鑰（公鑰）并由本人公開(kāi)，為一組用戶(hù)所共享，用于加密和驗(yàn)證簽名。當(dāng)發(fā)送一份保密文件時(shí)，發(fā)送方使用接收方的公鑰對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)加密，而接收方則使用自己的私鑰解密，這樣信息就可以安全無(wú)誤地到達(dá)目的地了。通過(guò)數(shù)字的手段保證加密過(guò)程是一個(gè)不可逆過(guò)程，即只有用私有密鑰才能解密。在公開(kāi)密鑰密碼體制中，常用的一種是RSA體制。其數(shù)學(xué)原理是將一個(gè)大數(shù)分解成兩個(gè)質(zhì)數(shù)的乘積，加密和解密用的是兩個(gè)不同的密鑰。即使已知明文、密文和加密密鑰（公開(kāi)密鑰），想要推導(dǎo)出解密密鑰（私密密鑰），在計(jì)算上是不可能的。按現(xiàn)在的計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)水平，要破解目前采用的1024位RSA密鑰，需要上千年的計(jì)算時(shí)間。公開(kāi)密鑰技術(shù)解決了密鑰發(fā)布的管理問(wèn)題，商戶(hù)可以公開(kāi)其公開(kāi)密鑰，而保留其私有密鑰。購(gòu)物者可以用人人皆知的公開(kāi)密鑰對(duì)發(fā)送的信息進(jìn)行加密，安全地傳送給商戶(hù)，然后由商戶(hù)用自己的私有密鑰進(jìn)行解密。

使用數(shù)字證書(shū)的Web服務(wù)器可以利用私鑰，來(lái)確保只有它能對(duì)由Internet發(fā)給它的機(jī)密信息進(jìn)行解密。Web服務(wù)器的證書(shū)是由自簽的CA證書(shū)來(lái)確認(rèn)，這種CA證書(shū)對(duì)發(fā)證機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行標(biāo)識(shí)。包括Microsoft Internet Explorer和Netscape Navigator在內(nèi)的大多數(shù)主要的Web瀏覽器中，都提前安裝了CA證書(shū)。

當(dāng)某一Web服務(wù)器向?yàn)g覽器出示時(shí)，CA證書(shū)就向用戶(hù)表明該服務(wù)器證書(shū)是否可以信任。如果Web服務(wù)證書(shū)的有效性得到確認(rèn)，對(duì)于采用SSL技術(shù)的服務(wù)器，該證書(shū)的公鑰就可用于保護(hù)信息。

SSL安全協(xié)議使用數(shù)字證書(shū)為需求私下交流的雙方創(chuàng)造一種安全的“通道”。在大多數(shù)主要的Web瀏覽器和商業(yè)Web服務(wù)器上都使用了SSL技術(shù)。

Digital Certificates

Digital certificates are data files used to establish the identity of people and electroic assets on the Internet.They for secure, encrypted online communication and are often used to protect online transactions.Definition

As electronic transactions proliferate, there’s an increasing need for third-party verification and authentication in the form of digital certificates.Digital certificates are issued by a trusted third party known as a certification authority.The CA validates the identiy of a certificate holder and “signs” the certificate to attest that it hasn’t been forged or altered.When a certificate is digitally signed by a CA ,its owner can use it as an electronic passport to prove his identity.It can be presented to Web sites, networks or individuals that require secure access.Identifying information embedded in the certificate includes the holder’s name and e-mail address, the name of the CA，a serial number and any activation or expiration data for the certificate.When a user’s identity is verified by the CA, the certificate uses the holder’s public key to protect data.Public keys are also employed by certificates that a Web server uses to confirm the authenticity of a Website for a user’s browser.When a user wants to send confidential information to a Web server, such as a credit-card number for an online transaction ,the browser will access the public key in the server’s digital certificate to verify its identity.Public-Key Cryptography

The public key is one half of a pair of keys used in public-key cryptography, which provides the foundation for digital certificates.Public-key cryptography uses matched public and private keys for encryption and decryption.These keyshave a numerical value that’s used by an algorithm to scramble information and make it readable only to users with the corresponding decryption key.A person’s public key is used by others to encrypt information meant only for that person.When he receives the information ,he uses his corresponding private key, which is kept secret to decrypt the data.A person’s public key can be distributed without damaging the private key.A Web server using a digital certificate can use its private key to make sure that only it can decrypt confidential information sent to it over the Internet.The Web server’s certificate is validated by a self-signed CA certificate that identifies the issuing CA.CA certificates are preinstalled on most major Web browsers, including Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.The CA certificate tells users whether they can trust the Web server certificate when it’s presented to the browser.If the validity of the Web server certificate is affirmed,the certificate’s public key is used to secure information for the server using Secure Sockets Layer(SSL)technology.Digital certificates are used by the SSL security protocol to create a secure “pipe ” between two parties that see confidential communication.SSL is used in most major Web browsers and commercial Web servers.

第二篇：數(shù)字城管文章

“數(shù)字城管”成效探析

“數(shù)字城管”自“誕生”以來(lái)，經(jīng)歷了從試點(diǎn)到逐步推廣的過(guò)程，因城市規(guī)模的不同，建設(shè)動(dòng)因的區(qū)別，對(duì)“數(shù)字城管”理念的理解差異，各市建設(shè)的模式、實(shí)施的方式也不盡相同，取得的效果也千差萬(wàn)別，有的通過(guò)實(shí)施“數(shù)字城管”實(shí)現(xiàn)了城市管理水平的大飛躍，有的實(shí)施“數(shù)字城管，引又成了一種形式。從全國(guó)51個(gè)試點(diǎn)城市（區(qū)）的情況來(lái)看，“數(shù)宇城管”的實(shí)施主要取得了文中八個(gè)方面的成效（主要以杭州市、常州市為例）。一理順了城市管理體制

城市管理體制是指城市的管理組織設(shè)計(jì)、管理法規(guī)制度和管理運(yùn)行機(jī)制的總稱(chēng)。其核心是對(duì)城市管理主體之間的權(quán)利、義務(wù)和責(zé)任的配置和互動(dòng)方式的制度化、程序化的規(guī)定。理順城市管理體制是“數(shù)字城管”能否有效運(yùn)行的前提條件。從部分試點(diǎn)城市來(lái)看，在實(shí)施“數(shù)字城管”之前，已著手開(kāi)始理順管理體制。主要體現(xiàn)在以下四個(gè)方面：

（一）建立了大城管的格局

“數(shù)字城管”的內(nèi)涵和范圍要大很多，是屬于大城管的范疇。它的體現(xiàn)和載體——城市管理委員會(huì)的成立，將涉及城市管理內(nèi)容的部門(mén)全部納入了其中。

（二）設(shè)立了高位監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)

在實(shí)施“數(shù)字城管”之前，各個(gè)城市都根據(jù)本地實(shí)際，成立了城市管理監(jiān)督中心、指揮中心，或者監(jiān)督指揮中心，作為監(jiān)督、指揮、協(xié)調(diào)城市管理問(wèn)題的機(jī)構(gòu)，但因各地情況不同，在監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)的行政職級(jí)上有一定的區(qū)別。

（三）實(shí)現(xiàn)了“兩級(jí)政府、三級(jí)管理”

“數(shù)字城管”的實(shí)施，促進(jìn)了“兩級(jí)政府、三級(jí)管理”的真正實(shí)施，市一級(jí)主要是監(jiān)督，而區(qū)、街道主要是落實(shí)，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了重心下移、屬地管理、以區(qū)為主，突出街道一級(jí)的城市管理職能，發(fā)揮了街道在城市管理中的基礎(chǔ)性作用。

（四）明確了各部門(mén)的職責(zé)

“數(shù)字城管”的實(shí)施，理清了市和區(qū)、市相關(guān)部門(mén)的職能，也理清了區(qū)和街道、區(qū)相關(guān)部門(mén)的職能。各個(gè)城市都根據(jù)本市實(shí)際制定了《城市管理指揮手冊(cè)》，規(guī)定了每個(gè)具體城市管理問(wèn)題由誰(shuí)來(lái)處置，具體的處置時(shí)限和處置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為城市管理問(wèn)題的快速派遣和處置莫定了基礎(chǔ)。二創(chuàng)新了績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制 “數(shù)字城管”績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)包涵了內(nèi)部評(píng)價(jià)和外部評(píng)價(jià)，內(nèi)部評(píng)價(jià)是內(nèi)部的工作績(jī)效考核，相對(duì)來(lái)講比較容易控制，而“數(shù)字城管”運(yùn)行效能的體現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵在外部績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)，在體制理順、問(wèn)題責(zé)任單位明確、處置力量配備到位的情況下，還需要建立高位評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制、科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)辦法和強(qiáng)有力的獎(jiǎng)懲措施等，才能確保“數(shù)字城管”的高效運(yùn)行。

（一）建立了高位考評(píng)機(jī)制

在我國(guó)的行政體制下，市級(jí)主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是否關(guān)注“數(shù)字城管”，是否關(guān)注績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果，直接關(guān)系“數(shù)字城管”運(yùn)行的效果。目前部分城市已經(jīng)建立了高位評(píng)價(jià)機(jī)制，書(shū)記、市長(zhǎng)親自過(guò)問(wèn)、參與“數(shù)字城管”工作，將績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果作為衡量各個(gè)部門(mén)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)工作能力的指標(biāo)，這大大促使了各部門(mén)真抓、狠抓城市管理工作。如常州市成立了由市政府秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)為主任的考評(píng)委員會(huì)，市長(zhǎng)每月定期進(jìn)行暗查、暗訪。杭州市建立了數(shù)字城管運(yùn)行情況直報(bào)制度，市委、市政府主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)每期必批，對(duì)部門(mén)無(wú)法協(xié)調(diào)的問(wèn)題，由市政府分管秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)親臨協(xié)調(diào)。

（二）制定了科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)辦法

績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)辦法是否科學(xué)合理，直接關(guān)系到評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果的權(quán)威性，各地都根據(jù)本地實(shí)際，建立了自己的績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)體系，并在實(shí)踐中不斷完善提高。如常州市根據(jù)其管理特點(diǎn)，采取了多樣化的考評(píng)方式，確保了“數(shù)字城管”的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果的權(quán)威性。

（三）實(shí)施了可行的獎(jiǎng)懲機(jī)制

通過(guò)落實(shí)一系列的獎(jiǎng)懲措施，將績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果落到實(shí)處，從而調(diào)動(dòng)各部門(mén)參與“數(shù)字城管”的積極性。如常州市，各區(qū)政府年初需繳納200萬(wàn)元單位保證金，區(qū)黨政主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和分管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)繳納2萬(wàn)元個(gè)人保證金，根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果，分別給予雙倍獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)、返還保證金和沒(méi)收保證金。各區(qū)年終“數(shù)字城管”績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)成績(jī)列入市委、市政府對(duì)各轄區(qū)全年工作目標(biāo)考核體系，權(quán)重占到6%。常州市天寧區(qū)實(shí)行末位淘汰制，績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)成續(xù)連續(xù)兩個(gè)月最后名次的街道，其分管主任予以免職，三次主任免職；定期召開(kāi)由市長(zhǎng)、分管市長(zhǎng)及各區(qū)區(qū)長(zhǎng)、分管區(qū)長(zhǎng)以及市各職能部門(mén)主要負(fù)責(zé)人參加的城市長(zhǎng)效綜合管理考評(píng)點(diǎn)評(píng)會(huì)，考評(píng)成級(jí)及存在問(wèn)題在電視合、常州日?qǐng)?bào)、晚報(bào)等媒體上公布；鄂爾多斯市東勝區(qū)區(qū)委、采取每年年初預(yù)算安排“數(shù)字城管”專(zhuān)項(xiàng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)資金100萬(wàn)元，向各職能部門(mén)收取一定管理基金的辦法進(jìn)行激勵(lì)；煙臺(tái)市政府將數(shù)字城管的績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果納入對(duì)各區(qū)的《城市經(jīng)濟(jì)工作考核辦法》的指標(biāo)體系，為數(shù)字城管健康運(yùn)行提供了強(qiáng)有力的制度保證。（來(lái)源：城市發(fā)展報(bào)告）

三提升了問(wèn)題發(fā)現(xiàn)能力

“數(shù)字城管”的首要環(huán)節(jié)是發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。因城市管理的職能分散于各個(gè)部門(mén)，以往沒(méi)有一個(gè)專(zhuān)門(mén)的部門(mén)來(lái)統(tǒng)一發(fā)現(xiàn)和受理城市管理問(wèn)題。“數(shù)字城管”的實(shí)施，構(gòu)建了這樣一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的平臺(tái)，組建了一支專(zhuān)門(mén)的巡查隊(duì)伍，使城市管理問(wèn)題發(fā)現(xiàn)的能力大大提高，時(shí)間大大縮短。在實(shí)踐中，不同的城市所采取的方法有所不同，有直接招聘監(jiān)督員，有采取市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)行，也有分級(jí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題等。

（一）市場(chǎng)化問(wèn)題發(fā)現(xiàn)模式

杭州市以信息采集市場(chǎng)化為主渠道，大膽創(chuàng)新，建立一整套全面發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的機(jī)制，率先在全國(guó)走出了一條實(shí)施市場(chǎng)化采集的新路子。政府“花錢(qián)買(mǎi)信息”、“養(yǎng)事不養(yǎng)人”，按區(qū)域設(shè)定五個(gè)標(biāo)段，向社會(huì)公開(kāi)招聘具有良好社會(huì)信譽(yù)和人力資源管理資質(zhì)的公司從事信息采集。引入了競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)了對(duì)采集公司的管理，按月對(duì)采集公司采集情況進(jìn)行排名。建立了“周例會(huì)、月考核、季兌現(xiàn)”制度，加大對(duì)漏報(bào)、錯(cuò)報(bào)、失報(bào)的校核力度，設(shè)定了“兩條高壓線(xiàn)”，杜絕虛假信息和吃拿卡要行為的發(fā)生。信息采集走市場(chǎng)化之路，確保了街面事、部件問(wèn)題的及時(shí)、全面發(fā)現(xiàn)；同時(shí)也確保了發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的公正與中立，大大陣低了運(yùn)作成本。

（二）分級(jí)化問(wèn)題發(fā)現(xiàn)模式

常州市在問(wèn)題發(fā)現(xiàn)上采取分級(jí)負(fù)責(zé)的辦法，市、區(qū)、街道各自巡查，發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。市一級(jí)由三個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題來(lái)源，一是由12319電話(huà)24小時(shí)被動(dòng)受理城市管理方面的問(wèn)題，二是通過(guò)自建的100個(gè)視頻探頭，全方位監(jiān)控城市管理重點(diǎn)區(qū)域的問(wèn)題，三是由市級(jí)監(jiān)督考評(píng)員抽查、專(zhuān)項(xiàng)檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，除部件外，被市發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題將直接扣分。所有問(wèn)題都將及時(shí)通過(guò)市一級(jí)平臺(tái)下派到區(qū)二級(jí)平臺(tái)；區(qū)一級(jí)也都有專(zhuān)業(yè)監(jiān)督考評(píng)員隊(duì)伍對(duì)所轄區(qū)域進(jìn)行巡查，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)城市管理問(wèn)題，并通過(guò)視頻及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)重點(diǎn)區(qū)域的問(wèn)題，區(qū)巡查的目的就是提前發(fā)現(xiàn)、解決問(wèn)題，不讓市一級(jí)發(fā)現(xiàn)本區(qū)的問(wèn)題；街道一級(jí)則管理力量都在自己的網(wǎng)格內(nèi)不斷巡查，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和處里問(wèn)題，不讓市、區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)其管轄區(qū)域的問(wèn)題，如涉及市級(jí)職能部門(mén)的問(wèn)題及時(shí)報(bào)到市平臺(tái)。目前全市每天有近1200個(gè)監(jiān)督巡查人員在發(fā)現(xiàn)城市管理問(wèn)題，問(wèn)題發(fā)現(xiàn)的數(shù)量和及時(shí)性都大大提高，其管理水平也有了質(zhì)的飛躍。四確定了城市管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

什么才是城市管理問(wèn)題？這與各個(gè)職能部門(mén)管理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相關(guān)，不同的管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題的數(shù)量就有很大區(qū)別，如窖井蓋的下陷，有的城市作為問(wèn)題上報(bào)，有的城市則不作為問(wèn)題上報(bào)。“數(shù)字城管”是精細(xì)化的城市管理模式，因此對(duì)城市管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出提高了更高的要求。城市管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。常州市在“數(shù)字城管”取得成效的基礎(chǔ)上，市長(zhǎng)提出了“五個(gè)化”，其中就有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，就是說(shuō)城市管理要有自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。由市各相關(guān)主管部門(mén)根據(jù)本行業(yè)的實(shí)際悄況，結(jié)合工作重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)及政府導(dǎo)向等實(shí)際，并圍繞民生，制定出具體的管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，由市監(jiān)督指揮中心進(jìn)行歸納匯編，出臺(tái)了《常州市城市長(zhǎng)效管理規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及實(shí)施細(xì)則》，如護(hù)欄管理，原來(lái)可能一年才進(jìn)行一次清洗，現(xiàn)在規(guī)定城市中心區(qū)域每周一次；如外墻粉刷，原來(lái)需要幾年才進(jìn)行一次，現(xiàn)在重點(diǎn)區(qū)域規(guī)定每年一次；如報(bào)刊亭的管理，原來(lái)只要求不占道經(jīng)營(yíng)就行，現(xiàn)在要求定期更新，不能超范圍經(jīng)營(yíng)；如夜排檔原來(lái)都是臨時(shí)點(diǎn)，現(xiàn)全部進(jìn)入室內(nèi)疏導(dǎo)點(diǎn)等。因此“數(shù)字城管”的實(shí)施，大大提高了城市管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，而標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的提高，必然促使管理水平的提高。

五提高了問(wèn)題處置效率

城市管理問(wèn)題處置情況怎樣、是否及時(shí)，在實(shí)施“數(shù)字城管”前，沒(méi)有哪個(gè)部門(mén)來(lái)監(jiān)督，各個(gè)職能部門(mén)（單位）既是運(yùn)動(dòng)員又是裁判員。“數(shù)字城管”實(shí)施后，各個(gè)城市都制定了《城市管理指揮手冊(cè)》，由監(jiān)督指揮中心按照部頒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“立案、處置、結(jié)案”中的要求，明確了本市城市管理的問(wèn)題具體處置要求和時(shí)限。“數(shù)字城管”的實(shí)施，使原來(lái)許多城市管理問(wèn)題處置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)得到了提高，處置時(shí)間也大大縮短。

（一）結(jié)案的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)明晰

杭州市實(shí)施“數(shù)字城管”后，將問(wèn)題處置的要求和結(jié)案的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定位在“眼睛能看到”，也就是說(shuō)問(wèn)題需得到解決后，才能結(jié)案，改變以往“已派人去處理”、“將要去處理”等敷衍做法，常州市對(duì)市民舉報(bào)的問(wèn)題，處置完畢后，需要由平臺(tái)回訪市民，得到“滿(mǎn)意”的答復(fù)后才能結(jié)案。這都對(duì)處置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出了更高的要求。

（二）處置的時(shí)限縮短

在處置時(shí)限上，杭州市的問(wèn)題及時(shí)解決率從原來(lái)的26.7%提升至95.11%；數(shù)字城管事、部件單件問(wèn)題的平均處置時(shí)間由去年的5.78和16.38小時(shí)縮短到現(xiàn)在的3.17和14.67小時(shí)，改變了過(guò)去“發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題靠舉報(bào)，處置問(wèn)題靠突擊，解決問(wèn)題靠批示”的做法，每天通過(guò)專(zhuān)業(yè)的信息采集員隊(duì)伍的不間斷巡查，促進(jìn)了街面管理問(wèn)題的及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)、處置和解決。

六建立了市民訴求平合

一個(gè)城市的管理離不開(kāi)公眾的參與，如果說(shuō)原來(lái)的城市管理模式對(duì)公眾參與的渴求還是一種形式的話(huà)，“數(shù)字城管”的實(shí)施，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了市民參與城市管理的目標(biāo)。“數(shù)字城管”的信息系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)，實(shí)現(xiàn)城市管理問(wèn)題的快速受理、快速派遣、快速處置，使市民對(duì)城市管理的訴求得到了及時(shí)的回應(yīng)。

常州市設(shè)立的12319監(jiān)督指揮平臺(tái)，將受理子系統(tǒng)與呼叫中心相結(jié)合，將所有部件、事件以及與民生有關(guān)的城市管理問(wèn)題全部納入受理范圍，24小時(shí)接受市民來(lái)電，并重點(diǎn)突出咨詢(xún)和事件類(lèi)的管理，所有問(wèn)題都進(jìn)行回訪，真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了“替政府分憂(yōu)，為百姓解難”的宗旨。開(kāi)展了城市管理“百人找差”活動(dòng)，邀請(qǐng)市民、網(wǎng)民、人大代表、政協(xié)委員等，對(duì)城市管理工作找不足、提意見(jiàn)。所有問(wèn)題由專(zhuān)門(mén)人員進(jìn)行梳理、派遣，處置結(jié)果一一在常州本地論壇、監(jiān)督指揮中心網(wǎng)站上予以公布，做到了事事有回音。七整合了社會(huì)管理資源

“數(shù)字城管”作為城市公共管理的重要信息平臺(tái)，涉及范圍廣、數(shù)據(jù)種類(lèi)多、網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋全，它依托城市原有信息化進(jìn)行提升，整合了社會(huì)公共資源，節(jié)省了政府投資同時(shí)也為各地“數(shù)字城市”的建沒(méi)提供了數(shù)據(jù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)支持。

如常州市，整合了市規(guī)劃、國(guó)土部門(mén)的電子地圖，與部件普查相結(jié)合，形成了全市的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，不僅滿(mǎn)足了自身需要，也為公交、電力、通信等部門(mén)的設(shè)施管理提供了翔實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)。該市利用公共無(wú)線(xiàn)信號(hào)，建成了無(wú)線(xiàn)視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，避免了因租用運(yùn)營(yíng)商網(wǎng)絡(luò)而產(chǎn)生的高昂費(fèi)用。杭州市借助數(shù)字城管GIS、GPS等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，建立了環(huán)衛(wèi)車(chē)載GPS、自來(lái)水遠(yuǎn)程抄表、權(quán)力陽(yáng)光許可審批等系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了信息資源的互通共享，為強(qiáng)化行業(yè)監(jiān)管提供了技術(shù)支撐。八實(shí)現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)效管理目標(biāo)

因城市管理問(wèn)題的動(dòng)態(tài)性、隨機(jī)性、復(fù)雜性，傳統(tǒng)的管理模式屬于粗放型和突擊型，城市管理人長(zhǎng)期都在孜孜不倦地尋找一種模式，來(lái)解決城市管理“抓反復(fù)、反復(fù)抓”的困境。“數(shù)字城管”的出現(xiàn)，為城市提供了一種真正的長(zhǎng)效管理城市的模式，不再需要突擊、不再需要運(yùn)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)，城市管理問(wèn)題隨時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)、隨時(shí)派遣、隨時(shí)處置。如常州市，以績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)為基礎(chǔ)，建立了一套符合自身實(shí)際并切實(shí)有效的“數(shù)字城管”長(zhǎng)效管理機(jī)制，突出事件類(lèi)管理和考評(píng)，各區(qū)、各部門(mén)都努力做好本部門(mén)的基礎(chǔ)性工作，隨時(shí)接受市監(jiān)督指揮中心的考評(píng)，從而真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了檢查與不檢查一個(gè)樣，節(jié)假日與平時(shí)一個(gè)樣，在中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)來(lái)常期間，城市管理工作仍然和平時(shí)一樣，堅(jiān)持不搞突擊。2008、2009連續(xù)兩年征詢(xún)市人大代表、政協(xié)委員、新聞媒體、行政主管部門(mén)的意見(jiàn)建議，并通過(guò)入戶(hù)調(diào)查、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)問(wèn)卷等形式，征求市民群眾對(duì)“數(shù)字城管”運(yùn)行成效的評(píng)價(jià)，兩年的群眾滿(mǎn)意度都在92%以上。城市長(zhǎng)效管理的目標(biāo)真正得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。

“數(shù)字城管”是一個(gè)新生事物，它給城市管理帶來(lái)了一場(chǎng)革命，它的實(shí)施，使各個(gè)城市的管理水平都有了明顯的提高，但在試點(diǎn)和推廣的過(guò)程中，還有許多課題，有待于每個(gè)“數(shù)字城管”人去探索和研究。（來(lái)源：城市發(fā)展報(bào)告）

第三篇：中英文對(duì)照文章⑥

If如果

If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;

If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too;

If you can wait and not be tired by waiting,Or, being lied about,don't deal in lies,Or, being hated, don't give way to hating,And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;

If you can dreamand not make thoughts your aim;If you can meet with triumph and disaster

And treat those two impostors just the same;If you can bear to hear the truth you've spoken Twiseted by knaves to make a trap for fools,Or watch the things you gave your life to broken, And stoop and build 'em up with wornout tools;

If you can make one heap of all your winnings And risk it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,And lose, and start again at your beginnings And never breathe a word about your loss;

If you can force your heart and nerve and sinew To serve your turn long after they are gone, And so hold on when there is nothin in you

Except the Will which says to them:“Hold on!”;

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, Or walk with Kings-nor lose the common touch;If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;If all men count with you, but none too much;If you can fill the unforgiving minute

With sixty second' worth of distance run-

Yours is the Earth and everything that's in it, Andyou'll be a Man my son!

如果所有人都失去理智，咒罵你，你仍能保持頭腦情形；

如果所有人都懷疑你，你仍能堅(jiān)信自己，讓所有的懷疑動(dòng)搖；

如果你要等待，不要因此厭煩，為人所騙，不要因此騙人，為人所恨，不要因此抱恨，不要太樂(lè)觀，不要自以為是；

如果你是個(gè)追夢(mèng)人——不要被夢(mèng)主宰；

如果你是個(gè)愛(ài)思考的人——光想會(huì)達(dá)不到目標(biāo)； 如果你遇到驕傲和挫折

把兩者當(dāng)騙子看待；

如果你能忍受，你曾講過(guò)的事實(shí)

被惡棍扭曲，用于蒙騙傻子；

看著你用畢生去看護(hù)的東西被破壞，然后俯身，用破爛的工具把它修補(bǔ)；

如果在你贏得無(wú)數(shù)桂冠之后?

突遇顛峰下跌之險(xiǎn)，失敗過(guò)后，東山再起，不要抱怨你的失敗；

如果你能迫使自己，在別人走后，長(zhǎng)久堅(jiān)守陣地，在你心中已空蕩蕩無(wú)一物?

只有意志告訴你“堅(jiān)持！”；

如果你與人交談，能保持風(fēng)度，伴王行走，能保持距離；

如果仇敵和好友都不害你；

如果所有人都指望你，卻無(wú)人全心全意； 如果你花六十秒進(jìn)行短程跑，填滿(mǎn)那不可饒恕的一分鐘—— 你就可以擁有一個(gè)世界，這個(gè)世界的一切都是你的，更重要的是，孩子，你是個(gè)頂天立地的人。

第四篇：數(shù)字時(shí)代中英文演講稿（范文）

一年前，阿巴·達(dá)韋薩AbhaDawesar生活在颶風(fēng)桑迪過(guò)后斷電的曼哈頓，為上網(wǎng)四處找電充。作為一個(gè)小說(shuō)家，她從中發(fā)現(xiàn)其隱喻：在生活深度與數(shù)字世界連結(jié)的同時(shí)，我們是否錯(cuò)過(guò)了真實(shí)世界？

I was in New York during Hurricane Sandy, and this little white dog called Maui was staying with me.Half the city was dark because of a power cut, and I was living on the dark side.Now, Maui was terrified of the dark, so I had to carry him up the stairs, actually down the stairs first, for his walk, and then bring him back up.I was also hauling gallons of bottles of water up to the seventh floor every day.And through all of this, I had to hold a torch between my teeth.The stores nearby were out of flashlights and batteries and bread.For a shower, I walked 40 blocks to a branch of my gym.當(dāng)颶風(fēng)桑迪來(lái)襲時(shí)，我正在紐約 和一只名叫毛伊的小白狗 待在一起 由于停電，半個(gè)城市處于黑暗中 我當(dāng)時(shí)就在黑暗(停電)的這一邊 毛伊非常怕黑 我只好把它抱上樓 實(shí)際上是先帶下樓去遛 再把它抱回來(lái) 我每天還要將數(shù)加侖的瓶裝水 艱難地拖到七樓 而且同時(shí) 我還得牙咬著手電照明。附近商店里的手電筒，電池 和面包早已售罄 為了洗個(gè)澡，我得走40個(gè)路口 到一個(gè)健身中心去。But these were not the major preoccupations of my day.It was just as critical for me to be the first person in at a cafe nearby with extension cords and chargers to juice my multiple devices.I started to prospect under the benches of bakeries and the entrances of pastry shops for plug points.I wasn't the only one.Even in the rain, people stood between Madison and 5th Avenue under their umbrellas charging their cell phones from outlets on the street.Nature had just reminded us that it was stronger than all our technology, and yet here we were, obsessed about being wired.但這些并不是我一天中最重要的任務(wù) 對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)同樣重要的還有能否第一個(gè) 帶上充電線(xiàn)到附近的一家咖啡館 給我的多個(gè)設(shè)備充電。我開(kāi)始尋找面包店長(zhǎng)椅下 和糕點(diǎn)店入口處的那些插座我并不是唯一一個(gè) 即使下著雨，也有人打著雨傘站在 麥迪遜和第五大道之間的街邊插座旁等著自己的手機(jī)充電 大自然提醒著我們 它比所有的技術(shù)來(lái)的強(qiáng)大 但我們?nèi)匀怀撩杂谏暇W(wǎng)。

I think there's nothing like a crisis to tell you what's really important and what's not, and Sandy made me realize that our devices and their connectivity matter to us right up there with food and shelter.The self as we once knew it no longer exists, and I think that an abstract, digital universe has become a part of our identity, and I want to talk to you about what I think that means.我認(rèn)為沒(méi)有什么能夠比一場(chǎng)危機(jī) 更能告訴你事物的輕重緩急 颶風(fēng)桑迪使我認(rèn)識(shí)到我們的電子設(shè)備 及其通訊功能對(duì)我的重要程度 就如食物和住所一般 我們所熟知的一部分自己已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在 而一個(gè)抽象的數(shù)字的世界 已經(jīng)成為了我們身份的一部分 我想談?wù)勥@意味著什么

I'm a novelist, and I'm interested in the self because the self and fiction have a lot in common.They're both stories, interpretations.You and I can experience things without a story.We might run up the stairs too quickly and we might get breathless.But the larger sense that we have of our lives, the slightly more abstract one, is indirect.Our story of our life is based on direct experience, but it's embellished.A novel needs scene after scene to build, and the story of our life needs an arc as well.It needs months and years.Discrete moments from our lives are its chapters.But the story is not about these chapters.It's the whole book.It's not only about the heartbreak and the happiness, the victories and the disappointments, but it's because how because of these, and sometimes, more importantly, in spite of these, we find our place in the world and we change it and we change ourselves.Our story, therefore, needs two dimensions of time: a long arc of time that is our lifespan,and the timeframe of direct experience that is the moment.Now the self that experiences directly can only exist in the moment, but the one that narrates needs several moments, a whole sequence of them, and that's why our full sense of self needs both immersive experience and the flow of time.Now, the flow of time is embedded in everything, in the erosion of a grain of sand, in the budding of a little bud into a rose.Without it, we would have no music.Our own emotions and state of mind often encode time, regret or nostalgia about the past, hope or dread about the future.我是一個(gè)小說(shuō)家，我對(duì)關(guān)于“自我”的話(huà)題感興趣 因?yàn)椤白晕摇焙托≌f(shuō)有很多共同點(diǎn) 他們都屬于一種故事和詮釋 你和我可以不通過(guò)故事體驗(yàn)事情 我們可能爬樓梯爬得太快 我們可能呼吸困難但我們?cè)绞巧钊氲馗惺芪覀兊纳?就越是感受到其抽象和不直接 我們關(guān)于生活的故事都來(lái)自于經(jīng)歷 但是修飾過(guò)的 小說(shuō)需要一個(gè)接一個(gè)的場(chǎng)景來(lái)完成 我們生活的故事同樣需要一道時(shí)間跨度 需要數(shù)月甚至數(shù)年的 獨(dú)立生活場(chǎng)景來(lái)組成一個(gè)個(gè)章節(jié) 但故事并不是僅僅是這些章節(jié) 而是整整一本書(shū) 不僅僅是傷心和愉悅 也不僅僅是勝利和失望 而是所有的前因后果 有時(shí)候，也許更加重要的是，盡管有此種種 我們尋找自己在世界中的位置 然后改變這個(gè)位置，改變自我我們的故事，因此，需要一個(gè)二維的時(shí)間軸： 一個(gè)是我們整個(gè)的生命 以及另一個(gè)就是直接經(jīng)歷的時(shí)間片段 便是某個(gè)時(shí)刻 現(xiàn)在直接經(jīng)歷的那個(gè)“自我” 只存在于某個(gè)時(shí)刻 但一個(gè)故事需要多個(gè)時(shí)刻組成 多個(gè)有序的時(shí)刻 這就是為何完整的“自我”認(rèn)識(shí) 同時(shí)包括深入地體驗(yàn) 和時(shí)間的流逝時(shí)間的流逝鐫刻于每一件事情中 無(wú)論是一粒沙塵的消逝 還是一朵玫瑰的緩緩綻放 沒(méi)有時(shí)間的流逝，我們無(wú)法獲得音樂(lè) 我們自己的情緒和意識(shí) 往往同時(shí)間緊密相連 無(wú)論是對(duì)過(guò)去的悔恨或懷念 或是對(duì)未來(lái)的希望和擔(dān)心

I think that technology has altered that flow of time.The overall time that we have for our narrative, our lifespan, has been increasing, but the smallest measure, the moment, has shrunk.It has shrunk because our instruments enable us in part to measure smaller and smaller units of time, and this in turn has given us a more granular understanding of the material world, and this granular understanding has generated reams of data that our brains can no longer comprehend and for which we need more and more complicated computers.All of this to say that the gap between what we can perceive and what we can measure is only going to widen.Science can do things with and in a picosecond, but you and I are never going to have the inner experience of a millionth of a millionth of a second.You and I answer only to nature's rhythm and flow, to the sun, the moon and the seasons, and this is why we need that long arc of time with the past, the present and the future to see things for what they are, to separate signal from noise and the self from sensations.We need time's arrow to understand cause and effect, not just in the material world, but in our own intentions and our motivations.What happens when that arrow goes awry? What happens when time warps? 我認(rèn)為科技已經(jīng)改變的時(shí)間的流逝 我們?nèi)松杏迷跀⑹律系臅r(shí)間 增加了 但時(shí)間的片段和瞬間，卻簡(jiǎn)短了 因?yàn)槲覀兊脑O(shè)備讓我們 能夠度量越來(lái)越小的時(shí)間片段 這反過(guò)來(lái)又給了我們一個(gè)更細(xì)粒度的理解 物質(zhì)世界 這種細(xì)粒度的理解 產(chǎn)生了大量的數(shù)據(jù) 我們的大腦不能處理了 這就導(dǎo)致我們需要越來(lái)越復(fù)雜的電腦。這一切就是說(shuō)明 我們可以理解世界的和我們可以度量的世界之間的鴻溝 越來(lái)越大了。科技可以實(shí)現(xiàn)在皮秒（百億分之一秒）下完成工作，可是你我卻沒(méi)有可能感受到 百萬(wàn)分之百萬(wàn)分之一秒。你我，只能感受到自然的變化節(jié)奏，太陽(yáng)，月亮，季節(jié) 這需要很長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間跨度 包括過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在和未來(lái) 分清事物，從噪聲中剝離出信號(hào)從感覺(jué)中辨析“自我”。我們需要時(shí)間箭頭的方向辨析因果，不僅在物質(zhì)世界里，還在我們自己的內(nèi)在世界。時(shí)間箭頭的方向出錯(cuò)了會(huì)如何？ 時(shí)間扭曲了會(huì)如何？

So many of us today have the sensation that time's arrow is pointing everywhere and nowhere at once.This is because time doesn't flow in the digital world in the same way that it does in the natural one.We all know that the Internet has shrunk space as well as time.Far away over there is now here.News from India is a stream on my smartphone appwhether I'm in New York or New Delhi.And that's not all.Your last job, your dinner reservations from last year, your former friends, lie on a flat plain with today's friends,because the Internet also archives, and it warps the past.With no distinction left between the past, the present and the future, and the here or there, we are left with this moment everywhere, this moment that I'll call the digital now.我們現(xiàn)今有許多感覺(jué) 時(shí)間箭頭指向了所有方向 同時(shí)又沒(méi)有指向任何方向。這是因?yàn)閿?shù)字世界中時(shí)間 不會(huì)像在現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中一樣流淌。我們知道互聯(lián)網(wǎng)拉近了空間 和時(shí)間。遙遠(yuǎn)的地方就在身邊。來(lái)自印度的消息流入我的智能手機(jī)應(yīng)用程序 不管我在紐約還是在新德里。這還不是全部。你上一份工作，你去年的訂餐記錄，你以前的朋友，和現(xiàn)如今的朋友并排在一個(gè)屏幕上，因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)會(huì)存檔，它扭曲了過(guò)去。沒(méi)法區(qū)分過(guò)去，現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)，此處和彼處，我們這一刻無(wú)處不在，這一刻，我稱(chēng)之為“數(shù)字當(dāng)下”

Just how can we prioritize in the landscape of the digital now? This digital now is not the present, because it's always a few seconds ahead, with Twitter streams that are already trending and news from other time zones.This isn't the now of a shooting pain in your footor the second that you bite into a pastry or the three hours that you lose yourself in a great book.This now bears very little physical or psychological reference to our own state.Its focus, instead, is to distract us at every turn on the road.Every digital landmark is an invitation to leave what you are doing now to go somewhere else and do something else.Are you reading an interview by an author? Why not buy his book? Tweet it.Share it.Like it.Find other books exactly like his.Find other people reading those books.Travel can be liberating, but when it is incessant, we become permanent exiles without repose.Choice is freedom, but not when it's constantly for its own sake.我們?nèi)绾卧凇皵?shù)字當(dāng)下”中 區(qū)分優(yōu)先級(jí)呢？ “數(shù)字當(dāng)下”不是現(xiàn)在，因?yàn)樗偸浅皫酌耄铺赝扑土藖?lái)自 其它時(shí)區(qū)的新聞。“數(shù)字當(dāng)下”不再是現(xiàn)在，有切膚之感、或者品味糕點(diǎn)的時(shí)刻、或者是三個(gè)小時(shí)流連于好書(shū)中間。“數(shù)字當(dāng)下”很少參照我們自身 生理或心理的狀態(tài)。“數(shù)字當(dāng)下”使我們 在每個(gè)路口分心。每個(gè)數(shù)字路標(biāo)都是一個(gè)岔路 會(huì)使我們到其它地方去 做其它事。你在閱讀作者的專(zhuān)訪嗎? 為什么不買(mǎi)他的書(shū)？推特上轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)它，共享它。頂它。找類(lèi)似的圖書(shū)。找那些正在閱讀此類(lèi)書(shū)的讀者。旅行（網(wǎng)上沖浪）是自由的，但當(dāng)它變得不停不歇，我們就變成了永久的流亡者，沒(méi)有些許喘息。選擇是自由的，但無(wú)時(shí)無(wú)刻的選擇就 不是自由了。

Not just is the digital now far from the present, but it's in direct competition with it, and this is because not just am I absent from it, but so are you.Not just are we absent from it, but so is everyone else.And therein lies its greatest convenience and horror.I can order foreign language books in the middle of the night, shop for Parisian macarons, and leave video messages that get picked up later.At all times, I can operate at a different rhythm and pace from you, while I sustain the illusion that I'm tapped into you in real time.“數(shù)字當(dāng)下”不僅遠(yuǎn)離現(xiàn)在，而且它也在于現(xiàn)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，這不僅僅是因?yàn)槲颐撾x了現(xiàn)在，而且你們也是。不僅是因?yàn)槲覀兠撾x了現(xiàn)在，每個(gè)其他人都是。這就是最大的便利和恐怖所在 我可以在午夜訂外文書(shū)，買(mǎi)巴黎的法國(guó)小圓餅，留視頻信息，稍后接收。在任何時(shí)候,我可以以與你不同的節(jié)奏和速度操作，當(dāng)我還沉浸在這樣 與你們實(shí)時(shí)互動(dòng)的幻境中的時(shí)候。

Sandy was a reminder of how such an illusion can shatter.There were those with power and water, and those without.There are those who went back to their lives, and those who are still displaced after so many months.For some reason, technology seems to perpetuate the illusion for those who have it that everyone does, and then, like an ironic slap in the face, it makes it true.For example, it's said that there are more people in India with access to cell phones than toilets.Now if this rift, which is already so great in many parts of the world,between the lack of infrastructure and the spread of technology, isn't somehow bridged,there will be ruptures between the digital and the real.For us as individuals who live in the digital now and spend most of our waking moments in it, the challenge is to live in two streams of time that are parallel and almost simultaneous.How does one live inside distraction? 桑迪颶風(fēng)提醒了我們 幻境可以被粉碎。居所分為有水有電的 和沒(méi)有的。有些人回到他們的生活，經(jīng)過(guò)許多個(gè)月 還有些人仍然無(wú)法上網(wǎng)。出于某種原因,技術(shù)似乎給我們一種 每個(gè)人都擁有一樣條件的幻覺(jué)，然后，一個(gè)諷刺的耳光，它現(xiàn)出原形。例如：據(jù)說(shuō)在印度 有手機(jī)的人比有抽水馬桶的人多。這樣的鴻溝，已經(jīng)如此巨大 在世界很多地方，那里往往缺少基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，但技術(shù)進(jìn)步的腳步已經(jīng)捷足先登。但假如這兩者之間的鴻溝不被連接的話(huà)，將會(huì)帶來(lái)巨大的斷層。對(duì)于我們那些醒著的時(shí)間 生活在“數(shù)字當(dāng)下”中的人，挑戰(zhàn)在于生活在 兩個(gè)并行同時(shí)存在的時(shí)間流中。一個(gè)人如何生活在分心中? We might think that those younger than us, those who are born into this, will adapt more naturally.Possibly, but I remember my childhood.I remember my grandfather revising the capitals of the world with me.Buda and Pest were separated by the Danube, and Vienna had a Spanish riding school.If I were a child today, I could easily learn this information with apps and hyperlinks, but it really wouldn't be the same, because much later, I went to Vienna, and I went to the Spanish riding school, and I could feel my grandfather right beside me.Night after night, he took me up on the terrace, on his shoulders, and pointed out Jupiter and Saturn and the Great Bear to me.And even here, when I look at the Great Bear,I get back that feeling of being a child, hanging onto his head and trying to balance myselfon his shoulder, and I can get back that feeling of being a child again.What I had with my grandfather was wrapped so often in information and knowledge and fact, but it was about so much more than information or knowledge or fact.Time-warping technology challengesour deepest core, because we are able to archive the past and some of it becomes hard to forget, even as the current moment is increasingly unmemorable.We want to clutch, and we are left instead clutching at a series of static moments.They're like soap bubbles that disappear when we touch them.我們也許會(huì)想年輕人會(huì)比我們好些，他們出生于數(shù)字時(shí)代，會(huì)自然的適應(yīng)。也許，但是我記起了我的童年。我記得我祖父告訴我 世界各地的首都。布達(dá)和佩斯（布達(dá)佩斯）是被多瑙河分割開(kāi)的，維也納有個(gè)西班牙馬術(shù)學(xué)校。如果我是當(dāng)下的小孩子，我會(huì)很快知道這些信息利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，但體驗(yàn)絕不會(huì)是相同的，因?yàn)椋嗄旰螅ゾS也納，我去了那間西班牙馬術(shù)學(xué)校，我感覺(jué)我祖父就在我身邊。夜復(fù)一夜，他帶我到陽(yáng)臺(tái)上，在他的肩膀上，指點(diǎn)我木星 土星和大熊星座。即使在這里，當(dāng)我看到大熊星座時(shí)，我會(huì)回想起小時(shí)候，在他頭頂上，努力 在他肩膀上保持平衡，我能再次回想到小時(shí)候。我和我的祖父的過(guò)往 夾雜著信息和知識(shí)和事實(shí)，但這些意味著更多 超越信息和知識(shí)和事實(shí)。時(shí)間扭曲技術(shù) 挑戰(zhàn)我們最深層的內(nèi)核，因?yàn)槲覀兛梢杂涗涍^(guò)去 有些東西變得難以忘卻，即使在當(dāng)下 越來(lái)越不容易記住。我們希望抓住關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻，取而代之我們希望抓住關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻的 變成了一串靜止時(shí)刻。它們象肥皂泡，我們一觸即破。By archiving everything, we think that we can store it, but time is not data.It cannot be stored.You and I know exactly what it means like to be truly present in a moment.It might have happened while we were playing an instrument, or looking into the eyes of someone we've known for a very long time.At such moments, our selves are complete.The self that lives in the long narrative arc and the self that experiences the moment become one.The present encapsulates the past and a promise for the future.The present joins a flow of timefrom before and after.通過(guò)存檔，我們認(rèn)為我們可以保存有一切，但時(shí)間不是數(shù)據(jù)。它不能被保存。你和我知道這意味著什么 確實(shí)的在某一時(shí)刻。它（記住的關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻）可能發(fā)生在 我們演奏樂(lè)器時(shí)，或者注視一個(gè)我們熟知人的 眼睛時(shí)。在這些時(shí)刻，我們自己是完整的。“自我”生活在漫長(zhǎng)的情節(jié) “自我”體驗(yàn)的時(shí)刻，成為自我。當(dāng)下包含過(guò)去，是對(duì)未來(lái)的一個(gè)承諾。當(dāng)下匯聚流失的時(shí)間 從過(guò)去和之后。I first experienced these feelings with my grandmother.I wanted to learn to skip, and she found an old rope and she tucked up her sari and she jumped over it.I wanted to learn to cook, and she kept me in the kitchen, cutting, cubing and chopping for a whole month.My grandmother taught me that things happen in the time they take, that time can't be fought,and because it will pass and it will move, we owe the present moment our full attention.Attention is time.One of my yoga instructors once said that love is attention, and definitely from my grandmother, love and attention were one and the same thing.The digital world cannibalizes time, and in doing so, I want to suggest that what it threatens is the completeness of ourselves.It threatens the flow of love.But we don't need to let it.We can choose otherwise.We've seen again and again just how creative technology can be, and in our lives and in our actions, we can choose those solutions and those innovations and those moments that restore the flow of time instead of fragmenting it.We can slow down and we can tune in to the ebb and flow of time.We can choose to take time back.我第一次體驗(yàn)到它是和我的祖母。我想學(xué)會(huì)跳繩,她找出一條老繩 把紗麗扎起來(lái) 然后跳了過(guò)去。我想學(xué)做菜，她就和我 在廚房里切了一個(gè)月的菜。我的祖母教會(huì)了我事情發(fā)生在 它們占用的時(shí)間上，時(shí)間不可戰(zhàn)勝，因?yàn)闀r(shí)間是時(shí)不我待的，我們擁有現(xiàn)在用我們的注意力 注意力、關(guān)心就是時(shí)間。我的一位瑜伽老師曾說(shuō)過(guò) 愛(ài)就是關(guān)注，確實(shí)從我祖母那里我學(xué)到 愛(ài)便等同于關(guān)注。數(shù)字世界吞噬時(shí)間，有鑒于此，我建議 數(shù)字世界 威脅的是我們自身的完整性。它威脅到愛(ài)的流淌。不過(guò)我們可以不讓它發(fā)生。我們可以選擇。我們已經(jīng)看了許多遍創(chuàng)新技術(shù)的能耐，在我們的生活中和行為中，我們可以選擇這些創(chuàng)新 同時(shí)這些時(shí)刻我們可以記下時(shí)間流淌 而不是存儲(chǔ)時(shí)間碎片。我們可以慢放，我們可以對(duì)焦 時(shí)間的流淌和潮汐 我們可以選擇奪回”時(shí)間“ Thank you.謝謝！

第五篇：中英文對(duì)照文章8（共）

剃須心得： 有錢(qián)不必花在刀刃上

A Penny Shaved Is A Penny Earned

For years, I've felt like a sap whenever I bought razors.很多年來(lái)，每當(dāng)我買(mǎi)剃須刀時(shí)都覺(jué)得自己像個(gè)傻瓜。

It killed me to spend $2.50 to $3 a blade for my Gillette Mach 3.Yet the few times when I used cheap disposable razors, it was like shaving with a file.為我的吉列鋒速3（Gillette Mach 3）買(mǎi)一個(gè)刀片要花2.50美元到3美元，這讓我心疼不已。但有幾次我用便宜的一次性剃須刀時(shí)，感覺(jué)就像在用銼刀刮胡子。

Finally, a couple of weeks ago, I bought a serviceable store-brand razor that costs about half the price of the premier brands.Jon Protas for The Wall Street Journal

吉列鋒速3是好剃須刀，但刀片的價(jià)錢(qián)真不便宜最終，幾星期前，我買(mǎi)了一把商店自有品牌的剃須刀，這把剃須刀也還好用，而且價(jià)格只有名牌剃須刀的一半左右。

It shouldn't have come to this.I've used Gillette razors for decades, and I like them.The rub is the cost.In my book, a fair price for refills would be about a buck.事情不應(yīng)該變成這樣。我已經(jīng)用了幾十年吉列剃須刀了，而且我喜歡用它。問(wèn)題出在價(jià)格上。在我看來(lái)，刀片的合理價(jià)格應(yīng)該約為1美元。

I'm a believer in markets, but it doesn't seem like the razor-blade market gives me what I want.Instead of competing on price, Gillette and Schick largely seem to be engaged in a silly arms race to improve a product that already works perfectly well.Two blades, three blades, four blades--when will it stop? 我是一個(gè)信奉市場(chǎng)的人，但剃須刀刀片市場(chǎng)看來(lái)并沒(méi)有給出我想要的結(jié)果。吉列（Gillette）和舒適（Schick）并沒(méi)有在價(jià)格上進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而更像是投入了一場(chǎng)愚蠢的軍備競(jìng)賽，以改進(jìn)一種本來(lái)已經(jīng)很完善的產(chǎn)品。雙刀片、三刀片、四刀片──什么時(shí)候才是個(gè)頭？

Not anytime soon, apparently.Schick will soon launch its own five-blade razor, and says that prices for it should be 10% to 20% above the Quattro, its four-blade razor that was introduced in 2003.顯然，這種趨勢(shì)短期內(nèi)不會(huì)停止。舒適公司很快將推出它的五刀片剃須刀，并稱(chēng)該產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格將比其2003年推出的四刀片剃須刀“創(chuàng)4紀(jì)”（Quattro）高10%至20%。

Gillette, a unit of Procter & Gamble, got there first.Its Fusion Power MVP--an early version of which went on sale in 2006--has five spring-mounted blades and battery-powered micropulses to reduce friction 'so you barely feel the blades.' The

Gillette Web site has a video of a mechanic with a giant razor blade on a car lift.寶潔公司（Procter & Gamble）旗下的吉列公司是率先推出五刀片剃須刀的生產(chǎn)商。吉列的Fusion Power MVP──這款剃須刀的早期型號(hào)于2006年上市──帶有五個(gè)彈簧式刀片和電動(dòng)微脈沖以減少摩擦，“因此您幾乎感覺(jué)不到刀片”。吉列公司的網(wǎng)站上有一段視頻，視頻中，一位拿著巨型剃須刀刀片的機(jī)械師站在一架汽車(chē)升降機(jī)上。

Razor makers, I have news for you.A razor is not a sports car.It won't make us feel young again or turn women's heads.We don't like shaving, and no matter what you do, we never will.All we want is a razor that will do the job without nicking us, either literally or figuratively.剃須刀生產(chǎn)商，有件事我要告訴你們。剃須刀不是跑車(chē)。它不會(huì)讓我們感覺(jué)重返青春，也不會(huì)引來(lái)女性的顧盼。我們不喜歡刮胡子，不管你們?cè)趺醋觯覀兌疾粫?huì)喜歡。我們想要的只是一把不會(huì)刮傷臉，也不會(huì)讓荷包挨宰的剃須刀。

But Gillette and Schick have a different view.Gillette is constantly doing research and development to create the perfect shave, says Mike Norton, a spokesman.'It's not the number of blades, it's the science behind the blades that gives you a better shave.' 但吉列公司和舒適公司有不同的觀點(diǎn)。吉列公司的發(fā)言人邁克?諾頓（Mike Norton）稱(chēng)，吉列公司一直致力于研發(fā)能帶來(lái)完美剃須體驗(yàn)的剃須刀。“關(guān)鍵不是刀片的數(shù)量，而是刀片背后帶給您更佳剃須體驗(yàn)的科技。”

Jackie Burwitz of Energizer Holdings, which owns Schick, says, 'If you look at the sales data, consumers are willing to pay up for a better-performing razor.' 舒適公司的母公司，勁量控股公司（Energizer Holdings）的杰基?布爾維茨（Jackie Burwitz）說(shuō)：“如果你考察銷(xiāo)售數(shù)據(jù)，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者愿意為性能更好的剃須刀多掏錢(qián)。”

There you have it.There's more money to be made developing fancier and fancier razors than in keeping the same razors and engaging in a price war.In other words, we American males have only ourselves to blame for the five-blade razor.現(xiàn)在你明白了吧。研發(fā)越來(lái)越高檔的剃須刀比守著老款式剃須刀打價(jià)格戰(zhàn)能賺到更多錢(qián)。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，面對(duì)五刀片剃須刀，我們美國(guó)男人只能怨自己。

Over the years, I've compensated for the rising prices of razor blades by using less of them.Whereas I once might have changed blades every week or so, I now go two or three weeks before popping in a new one.這些年來(lái)，我應(yīng)對(duì)剃須刀刀片漲價(jià)的方法就是少用它們。我曾經(jīng)幾乎每周都更換刀片，而我現(xiàn)在兩至三個(gè)星期才更換新刀片。

A colleague of mine is married to a thrifty Frenchman who waits at least two months before changing razor blades.He has gone as long as six months.When he does

change blades, it feels 'like a warm knife through butter,' says Jean-Philippe Masson, 36 years old.'If you changed every week, you would not appreciate that pleasure.' 我的一位同事嫁給了一個(gè)節(jié)儉的法國(guó)人，他至少等兩個(gè)月才換一次剃須刀刀片，最長(zhǎng)六個(gè)月才換一次刀片。36歲的讓-菲利普?馬松（Jean-Philippe Masson）說(shuō)，當(dāng)他換完刀片后，刮胡子的感覺(jué)“就像熱刀子切開(kāi)黃油一般順暢”。“如果你每周都換刀片，就享受不到這種樂(lè)趣了。”

That's the French way.The American way, of course, rarely involves denying ourselves something.Instead, we look for a way to get it cheaper.這是法國(guó)人的處理方式。當(dāng)然，我們美國(guó)人很少有好東西舍不得用，而是會(huì)尋找讓它更便宜的方法。

Maybe that's why there's a thriving market out there for after-market razors.可能這就是剃須刀刀片市場(chǎng)如此興旺的原因。

There are people still selling blades for Gillette Trac II, the two-blade razor I used as a young man.A Web site advertised a 100-pack of after-market refills for $49.99.Alas, I haven't owned a Trac II for many years.有人仍在賣(mài)吉列Trac II的刀片，我年輕時(shí)用過(guò)這種雙刀片剃須刀。一個(gè)網(wǎng)站上刊登了一種100片裝Trac II刀片的廣告，其售價(jià)為49.99美元。唉，可惜我已經(jīng)有許多年沒(méi)用過(guò)Trac II了。

Instead, I went to my local CVS pharmacy, where the chain was pitching its 'three-blade shaving system.' I paid $12.50 for a razor and 10 blades, bringing my per-blade cost to $1.25.無(wú)奈之下，我去了本地的CVS藥店（CVS pharmacy），這家連鎖店正在推銷(xiāo)其“三刀片剃須套裝”。我花12.50美元買(mǎi)了一把剃須刀和10個(gè)刀片，這樣每個(gè)刀片的價(jià)格就降到了1.25美元。

I've been trying out the CVS razor for the past couple of weeks.It was just as comfortable as the three-blade Gillette I've used for several years.過(guò)去幾周我一直在試用CVS剃須刀。它用起來(lái)和我已經(jīng)用了幾年的三刀片吉列剃須刀一樣舒適。

The Gillette might have given me a slightly closer shave than the CVS razor.I really can't say for sure.I can't tell the difference between a great shave and good one.But I can tell the difference between paying $2.50 and $1.25.吉列剃須刀的剃須感覺(jué)可能比CVS剃須刀稍微貼合一些，但我真的說(shuō)不準(zhǔn)。我說(shuō)不出上佳的剃須體驗(yàn)和良好的剃須體驗(yàn)有何區(qū)別。但我說(shuō)得出花2.50美元和花1.25美元的區(qū)別。

To be fair to Gillette, I agreed to try out its latest, greatest razor.So Gillette sent me a Fusion ProGlide Power razor, a five-blade razor that hits the market in June.It will have a suggested retail price of $12.99 for a razor and two cartridges.A four-pack of refills will cost $17.99.為了對(duì)吉列公平，我同意試用其最新最好的剃須刀。于是，吉列公司寄給我一款Fusion ProGlide Power剃須刀，這是一種將于6月上市的五刀片剃須刀。這款剃須刀的建議零售價(jià)為12.99美元，包括一把剃須刀和兩個(gè)備

用刀頭。含四個(gè)備用刀頭的套裝售價(jià)為17.99美元。

I used the new razor over the weekend before sending it back to Gillette.It was a closer shave.But when I finished, the smooth face I saw peering back in the mirror was still my own, not George Clooney's.And I'd still feel like a sap spending $4.50 each time I changed blades.周末用過(guò)這款新剃須刀后，我將它寄回給吉列公司，用它剃須的感覺(jué)的確更貼合。但當(dāng)我刮完胡子后，我在鏡子里看到的那張光滑面龐仍然是我的臉，而不是喬治?克魯尼的，而當(dāng)我每次為換刀片花4.5美元時(shí)，仍然感覺(jué)自己像個(gè)傻瓜。

So I'm sticking with the CVS razor.Until I find something cheaper.所以我會(huì)繼續(xù)使用CVS的剃須刀，直到我找到更便宜的剃須刀為止。

2012世界末日預(yù)言網(wǎng)上整理。