第一篇：英語專業四級必備語法 第3期(動名詞)【臥龍雪痕】

英語專業四級必備語法 第3期(動名詞)【臥龍雪痕整理】【南陽師范學院外

國語學院】

三、動名詞

1.必須接動名詞做賓語的動詞

牢記下列要求接動名詞做賓語的動詞：

acknowledge, advocate, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, admit, confess, consider, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, justify, mention, pardon, practice, postpone, recall，recollect，risk, resist, suggest, tolerate。如：

I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.2.動名詞做介詞短語

考生尤其要識別下列短語中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號：

object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be committed to, be exposed to, be subjected to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be reconciled to, be contrary to, be(get)used to, come close to, get down to, give oneself up to, prefer…to, see to, set to, take to, in addition to, with regard to, with a view to, on the way to。如：

第二篇：英語專業四級必備語法 第9期(平行結構)【臥龍雪痕】

英語專業四級必備語法 第9期(平行結構)【臥龍雪痕整理】【南陽師范學院

外國語學院】

九、平行結構

1.注意比較結構中相比較的內容在語法形式上是否相同。如：

It is better to die on one’s feet than to live on one’s knees.Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it.2.其他具有并列或比較意義的短語。

(1)rather than, let alone 雖不是并列連詞，但在結構上連接兩個語法形式相同的成分。如：

We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style rather than in a personal style.For the new country to survive, let alone for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.(2)如果平行的兩個成分在形式上是介詞短語，而且介詞相同，一般說來第二個介詞不要省略。如：

At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials.

第三篇：英語專業四級語法重點總結形容詞副詞【臥龍雪痕整理】（共）

英語專業四級語法重點總結:形容詞副詞【臥龍雪痕整理】【南陽師范學院外

國語學院】

形容詞副詞

1前置修飾語的排列順序

可以置于冠詞前的形容詞（all both such)-----冠詞，指示形容詞，所有格形容詞，不定形容詞（a an the this your his any some)-----------基數詞（one)序數詞

（first)------------表示性質，狀態，質量的形容詞（good useful)--------------表示大小，長短，形狀的形容詞----------------表示年齡，新舊，溫度的形容詞------------表示顏色的形容詞---------------------表示國籍，產地，區域的形容詞-----------表示材料，用做形容詞的名詞----------動名詞，分詞

2．后置修飾語由前綴a-構成的形容詞

3．形容詞修飾由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等組成的復合不定代詞時，必須后置

4．enough作形容詞修飾名詞時既可放前又可放后，但當它作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，必須后置

5．有些形容詞本身就有‘比……年長’，‘比……優等的意思這些形容詞后面用介詞to 而不用than

6．much too 作為副詞短語修飾形容詞或副詞，不修飾名詞

7．more不能用來修飾比較級

8．與名詞連用的more of a.../ as much of a.../ more of a....意為更像……

9．asmuchofa……意為稱得上，less of a 意為算不上

10．none other than(不是別人，正是）=no other than

11．any/sone/every與other連用時，其后若用可數名詞，一般為單數

第四篇：英語專業四級語法重點總結 存在句的非限定形式【臥龍雪痕】

英語專業四級語法重點總結 存在句的非限定形式【臥龍雪痕整理】【南陽師范

學院外國語學院】

存在句的非限定形式

1）存在句的非限定形式

there to be 和 there being結構

2）there to be 和 there being結構用法與區別 there to be：作for 介詞補語

作動詞（except, want, like, prefer, hate…）的賓語 eg.They planned for there to be another meeting Members like there to be plenty of choice.there being : 作除for外的介詞的補語

作主語和狀語 eg.John was relying on there being another opportunity.There being a bus stop so near the house is a good advantage.存在句的非限定形式與限定形式的轉化

eg.For there to be so few people in the street was unusual.= It was unusual that there were so few people in the street.

第五篇：英語專業四級經典語法練習題

英語專業四級語法練習題 Mary is _______ than Alice.A.more experienced a teacher

B.a more experienced teacher C.more an experienced teacher

D.more experienced teacher an experienced teacher, 比較級加在形容詞前，因此B。_______ the two, Bob is ________ student.A.Of, more diligent

B.In, more diligent C.Of, the more diligent

D.In, the more diligent the ＋比較級＋ of the two，因此C。

Western Nebraska generally receives less snow than _______ Eastern Nebraska.A.in B.it receives in C.does D.it does in

(1992)

(1995)

(1996)完整形式應該是：than Eastern Nebraska receives snow，省去了部分謂語，保留了主語和助動詞，可以倒裝，因此C。

The indoor swimming pool seems to be a great more luxurious than _______.(1998)A.is necessary B.being necessary C.to be necessary D.it is necessary 這個句子是一個由than引導的比較狀語從句，既然是從句那么可以排除BC；than引導的從句中省略了的主語應該是the indoor swimming pool，為避免重復，一般省略，不需要用it來指代。A。

There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than ______ in the public mind today.(1999)A.exists B.exist C.existing

D.to exist 省略了的主語是anxiety，因此謂語動詞用第三人稱單數：A The experiment requires more money than _______.(2002)A.have been put in

B.being put in

C.has been put in

D.to be put in than引導的從句中省略了的主語應該是money，因此謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數，C。The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, _______ to the truck.(2003)A.the greater stress is

B.greater is the stress C.the stress is greater

D.the greater the stress “地表和載滿貨物卡車的接觸面越小，卡車對地面的壓強就越大。”A。as Some dieters find that after their dieting is over, they ate twice _______ they did before their diet.(1993)A.more than B.as many as C.much than D.as much as D,“飯量是以前的兩倍”。A是指“三倍”，不合常理。

Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner ___ to the professor.(1998)A.as far as B.the same as C.as much as D.as long as C，as much as“達到與??一樣的程度”，完整的后半個句子應是：language belongs to the cleaner as much as it belong to the professor “語言屬于社會的每個成員，既屬于清潔工，也屬于教授”；as far as“一直到某個程度”；the same as“與??一樣”；表示“清潔工和教授是一樣的”，意思不妥；as long as“只要”。

She did her work ______ her manager had instructed.(2002)A.as

B.until

C.when

D.though as可表示方式，意思是“按照，如同”；“她依照經理的指示辦事。”A。

The trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness ______ by his lack of talent.(2004)A.so much as B.rather than C.as

D.than A考點是not ? so much as句型，表示“與其說是，倒不如說是”、“更多的是，而不是”。“毫無疑問，那個喇叭手的號聲吵死了，但與其說我煩他的聲音大，倒不如說煩他沒吹號的天分。”

His remarks were ________ annoy everybody at the meeting.(2005)A.so as to

B.such as to

C.such to

D.as much as to such as為固定搭配，意為“到如此程度以致”，又如：His illness is not such as to cause anxiety.他的病還沒有嚴重到令人擔心的地步。Twelve is to three _______ four is to one.(1998)A.what

B.as

C.that

D.like 水對魚的關系就像空氣對人的關系一樣：Water is to fish what air is to man.A is to B what C is to D Intellect is to the mind ______ sight is to the body.(2001)A.what

B.as

C.that

D.like 智力對于思想，猶如視力對于身體一樣。not + 比較級 + than, no + 比較級 + than John is _______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.(1998)A.no less B.no more

C.not less

D.no so A，“約翰的用功絕不亞于他姐姐，可是這次考試他卻沒及格。”not less than只是比較約翰和他姐姐，沒有強調約翰非常用功。

Fat cannot change into muscle _______ muscle changes into fat.(1999)A.any more than B.no more than C.no less than D.much more than A，“脂肪不能轉變為肌肉，就像肌肉不能轉變為脂肪一樣。”not ? any more than意思是“和?同樣都不?”。as / though / much as David Singer, my friend’s father, ______ raised and educated in New York, lived and lectured in Africa most of his life.(1993)A.who

B.if

C.while

D.though D，表示轉折。答案C while只是表示同時并列的轉折。如：While I understand your views, I can’t agree with you.______ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank.(1998)A.Much as

B.Much though C.As much D.Though much A, much as可看作是固定詞組，作連詞，引導讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然”。如Much as I should like to see you, I am afraid you could not come.Fool _____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.(2002)A.who

B.as

C.that

D.like B，有倒裝，a./n.+ as + 主語 + 助動詞be，如：Patient as he is, he can’t bear it any longer.______ I like economics, I like sociology much better.(2003)A.As much as

B.So much C.How much D.Much as D, 同18題。______, Mr.Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.(2005)A.Although he is a socialist

B.Even if he is a socialist C.Being a socialist

D.Since he is a socialist 雖然韋爾斯先生是一個社會主義者，但他對工人階級卻沒有什么同情心。表轉折含義的只有A項。

定 語 從 句

Above the trees are the hills, ________ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.(2003)A.where

B.of whose

C.whose D.which C，關系代詞在從句中做定語。“樹的上面是山，它的倒影忠實地映照在河面上。” Only take such clothes _______ really necessary.(1994)A.as were

B.as they are

C.as they were D.as are D，as引導定語從句，先行詞是clothes，as在從句中作主語，所以BC不對，因為they是多余的；A的時態與主句不搭配。

______ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals.(1994)A.That

B.It

C.This

D.As D，as作關系代詞，引導非限定性定語從句，表達整個主句的意思。“正如一種新的觀念產生時一樣，人們總是做許多準備活動和積極的討論，卻拿不出具體的建議。”

This company has now introduced a policy _____ pay rises are related to performance at work.(1996)A.which

B.where

C.whether D.what B，“公司現在提出了一項新政策，依照新政策，工資增長與工作業績掛鉤。”

The Physicist has made a discovery, _______ of great importance to the progress of science and technology.(1997)A.I think which is B.that I think is C.which I think is D.which I think it is C，I think是插入語，which在從句中就是主語，D中it是多余的。I have never been to London, but that is the city ______.(1997)A.where I like to visit most

B.I’d most like to visit C.which I like to visit mostly

D.where I’d like most to visit B, 首先排除A，因為the city在從句中作賓語，不能用where引導；C中mostly表示“通常，大部分”，意思不通順；表示“最想”，用most like,不是like most, most是much的最高級，much一般不修飾不定式，多用于修飾分詞。He was much pleased.She remembered several occasions in the past ___ she had experienced a similar feeling.(98)A.which

B.before

C.that

D.when D，從句有自己的主語和賓語，因此不選AC，when引導定語從句在句中作時間狀語。B項不合語法，因為主句的時態是一般過去時，從句卻是過去完成時。I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city ______.(1999)A.I’d most like to visit

B.which I like to visit mostly C.where I like to visit

D.I’d like much to visit A，同27。

Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ______ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.(2000)A.whose

B.as

C.what

D.that D，that在從句中作主語。使用電腦操作的工廠已經發現可以大大減少質檢員工的數量。We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ______ should make great differences in our life next summer.(2002)A.which

B.what

C.that

D.they A，指代前面的整個句子。

They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ______ is something we had not expected.(2003)A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what A，同上。“他們克服一切困難，提前兩個月完成了工程，這是我們沒有料到的事。” 名 詞 性 從 句

We can assign the task to ______ is capable and trustworthy.(1994)A.whomever

B.who

C.whom

D.whoever D，介詞to后面是個賓語從句，從句缺主語；whom和whomever雖然可以接賓語從句，但它們不能在從句中作主語，AC不對；whoever語義比who強烈，更貼切。The team can handle whatever _____.(1997)A.that needs handling

B.which needs handling C.it needs handling

D.needs to be handled D，whatever引導的分句作handle的賓語，又在從句中作主語，因此不需要再加任何其他主語，ABC都有多余的主語成分。

After __ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.(99)A.that

B.there

C.what

D.it C，after在句中時介詞還是連詞？如果是連詞，從句中的時態通常為完成體，所以排除連詞的可能性。既然after是介詞，那么后面必定是賓語從句，后面的從句缺主語，只有what既引導賓語從句，又在賓語從句中作主語；BD都不能引導賓語從句。A雖然可以引導賓語從句，但不在從句中充當任何語法成分。

Have you ever been in a situation _____ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?

(2002)A.by which

B.that

C.in where D.where B，situation后的從句是對situation作出具體的解釋，因此是同位語從句。非 限 定 動 詞（不定式、動名詞、分詞）____ is not a serious disadvantage in life.(2001)A.To be not tall B.Not to be tall C.Being not tall D.Not being tall D．AC不對是因為動詞不定式和動名詞的否定結構形式應為not to do, not doing；B動詞不定式短語作主語通常表示特定的具體的行為，特別是表示將來的或一次性的行為，To skate on real ice is his dream.D動名詞作主語表示抽象一般的概念。Skating on real ice is great fun.This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals _____ in Africa.(1996)A.hunted

B.hunting

C.that hunted D.are hunted A，完整結構應為：the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals(from being)hunted in Africa;“此舉也許既能保護非洲的其他動物不被獵殺，又能使大象免受滅族之災” The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel ______.(1998)A.to stay

B.is to stay C.to stay at D.is for staying C，stay是不及物動詞，必須接介詞才能跟賓語。

In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid _____.(1996)A.from being beaten B.being beaten C.beating D.to be beaten B，avoid后接動名詞做賓語。被動，因此B。“避免被對手打敗” He resented _____ to wait.He expected the minister _____ him at once.(1995)A.to be asked, to see B.being asked, to see C.to be asked, seeing D.being asked, seeing B，resent后接動名詞，expect后接不定式。

I never regretted _____ the offer, for it was not where my interest lay.A.not to accept

B.not having accepted C.having not accepted

D.not accepting

(1993)D, regret doing sth.表示“后悔做過某事”，事情已經發生了，常用動名詞的一般形式表示動作已經發生了。

He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field.Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder _____ out and three men climbing down it.(1995)A.throwing

B.being thrown C.having thrown D.having been thrown B，see可與現在分詞或不定式連用，平行結構，后面用了現在分詞，這里也用分詞；繩梯是被扔出飛機，因此要用被動結構，排除AC；see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe,等詞一般不跟分詞的完成形式連用。

Professor Johnson is said ____ some significant advance in his research in the past year.(99)A.having made

B.making C.to have made D.to make C，主語補足語的動作在謂語動詞之前發生，用完成時。

AIDS is said _____ the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.(2002)A.being

B.to be

C.to have been D.having been C, 同上。

The Minister of Finance is believed _____ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.(04)A.that he is thinking B.to be thinking C.that he is to think D.to think B，“人們認為財政部長正在考慮通過征收新稅來增加政府的額外稅入。”B“正在考慮” The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighboring country, _____ by the police each time.(1999)A.had been captured

B.being always captured C.only to be captured

D.unfortunately captured C，“這三人多次企圖偷偷越過邊界進入鄰國，不料每次都被警察抓住。”only to表示出乎意料，通常是不愉快的結果。

This missile is designed so that once ______ nothing can be done to retrieve it,(1995)A.fired

B.being fired C.they fire

D.having fired A，once連詞，一旦，被動，所以A。This missile is designed so that once it is fired ? ______ , he can now only watch it on TV at home.(1998)A.Obtaining not a ticket for the match

B.Not obtaining a ticket for the match C.Not having obtained a ticket for the match D.Not obtained a ticket for the match C，分詞短語的動作在主句動作之前發生，用分詞的完成形式。Arriving at the bus stop, ______ waiting there.(1994)A.a lot of people were

B.he found a lot of people C.a lot of people

D.people were found B，空處的邏輯主語與arrive保持一致。_____ regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.(1994)A.Not received B.Since receiving

C.Having received D.Not having received D，receive的主語是she，因此應是主動，A不對；receive的動作在主句謂語動詞之前發生，所以要用分詞的完成形式，否定應是not having done.__B__ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.(2000)A.Looking

B.Looked

C.Having looked D.To look There __ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.(2000)A.to be

B.to have been C.being

D.be C．前面分句構成獨立主格結構。

_____ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his room.(1996)A.There was B.Since

C.Being

D.There being D．C中的現在分詞短語的邏輯主語不是主句的主語。

The country’s chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _____ the most important of these.(1994)A.have been B.are

C.being

D.are being C．ABD都會使后半部分構成完整的句子，但句中用的是逗號，不能是完整句子。

Agriculture is the country’s chief source of wealth, wheat _____ by far the biggest cereal crop.(2003)A.is

B.been

C.be

D.being D，同上。“農業是這個國家的主要財源，目前小麥是谷物中產量最大的。”

If not _____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.(2004)A.being treated B.treated C.be treated D.having been treated B，If(Jack is)not treated?“如果沒有受到他覺得應得的尊敬，杰克的脾氣就會變得很壞，并且不停地抱怨。”

Time _____, the celebration will be held as scheduled.(2003)A.permit

B.permitting

C.permitted

D.permits B，“時間允許的話，慶祝活動將按計劃進行”。time和permit是主動關系。虛 擬 語 氣

_____ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.(2002)A.Had it not been B.Hadn’t it been C.Was it not

D.Were it not A，前半句是與過去事實相反的推測。If it had not been ?倒裝

If you have really been studying English for so long, it’s about time you _____ able to write letters in English.(1999)A.should be

B.were

C.must be

D.are B，it’s about time that sb.did sth._____, I’ll marry him all the same.(2004)A.Was he rich or poor

B.Whether rich or poor C.were he rich or poor

D.Be he rich or poor D＝whether he is rich or poor If your car _____ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(98)A.shall need

B.should need

C.would need D.will need B，與將來事實相反的虛擬語氣，“如果你的車在一年內有任何問題，可送到獲得授權的經銷商那兒去” It is imperative that students _____ their term papers on time.(2004)A.hand in

B.would hand in C.have to hand in D.handed in A，學生必須按時上交他們的學期論文。

If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.(2005)A.would be

B.will have been

C.was

D.were A，if從句是對現在情況的假設。情 態 動 詞

You ______ Jim anything about it.It was none of his business.(2004)A.needn’t have told B.needn’t tell C.mustn’t have told D.mustn’t tell A，needn’t have done表示本不必做而做了。沒有mustn’t have done的形式，但可以說can’t have done，表示不大可能。

He ______ the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25.(1994)A.couldn’t have caught

B.ought to have caught C.shouldn’t have caught

D.must not have caught A，couldn’t have done表示不可能做了某事。

He _____ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.(1999)A.may have acted B.must have acted C.should act D.would act A，may have done表示過去可能做過某事，B表示一定做過，推測的可能性很大。時 態

How can I ever concentrate if you _____ continually ____ me with silly questions?

(97)A.have … interrupted

B.had … interrupted

C.are … interrupting

D.were … interrupting

C，現在進行時與always, continually, constantly連用表示某種帶有感情色彩，經常發生的動作。本句暗含責備之義。

Come and see me whenever ______.(97)A.you are convenient

B.you will be convenient C.it is convenient to you

D.it will be convenient to you C，whenvever引導的時間狀語從句用一般現在時表將來；convenient一詞只能說it is convenient to sb.For some time now, world leaders __ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.(02)A.had been pointing B.have been pointing C.were pointing D.pointed B，現在完成進行時表示動作從過去某一時間開始延續到現在，并可能繼續。

Jack _____from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.(03)A.has been missing B.has been missed C.had been missing D.was missed A，同上。“杰克離家兩天（到現在還沒回），我開始擔心他的安全。” _________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.(05)A.I was and always will be

B.I have to be and always will be C.I had been and always will be

D.I have been and always will be D，ABC三項前后兩個時態不一致，只有D項中現在完成時與將來時搭配一致。倒 裝

So badly _____ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months.(94)A.did he injure B.injured him C.was he injured D.he was injured C，倒裝，將助動詞提到主語前，被動。He is not under arrest, ______ any restriction on him.(95)A.or the police have placed

B.or have the police placed C.nor the police have placed D.nor have the police placed D，AB中的or表示“否則”，與題意不符；nor放在句首要倒裝。

___ both sides accept the agreement ___ a lasting peace be established in this region.(04)A.Only if, will B.If only, would C.Should, will D.Unless, would A，only if表示“只有。。才”，放在句首，句子要倒裝；“只有雙方都接受和約，永久的和平才有可能建立起來”。if only表示“要是。。多好” 反 意 疑 問 句

A hibernating animal needs hardly any food all through the winter, _____?

(92)A.need it

B.needn’t it

C.does it

D.doesn’t it C，need是實義動詞不是情態動詞，hardly是否定副詞，因此前面的分句是否定句。You and I could hardly understand, ______?

(95)A.could I

B.couldn’t you

C.couldn’t we

D.could we D，hardly的解釋同上。

When you have finished with that video tape, don’t forget to put it in my drawer, ___?(97)A.do you

B.will you C.don’t you

D.won’t you B，前面句子是第二人稱祈使句時，后面要用will(would)you或won’t you;本題中，前面的句子是否定句，因此后面用肯定的。Do help yourself to some fruit, _____ you?

(00)A.can’t

B.don’t

C.wouldn’t

D.won’t D，同上。

She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, _____?

(03)A.hadn’t she

B.hasn’t she

C.wouldn’t she

D.didn’t she