第一篇：過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別

1.一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作。說話的側(cè)重點只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強調(diào)對“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。如：

He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時間)

2.現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時間狀語連用。如：

Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺新電腦。(著重點是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦)

3.兩種時態(tài)的區(qū)分

(1)一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語基本構(gòu)成是“助動詞have /has +過去分詞”。如：

(2)一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而現(xiàn)在完成時則常與just, already, ever, never等副詞和these days, this week, since..., for...等表示一段時間的狀語連用。

看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？

① Have you seen the film?(A)

Did you see the film?(B)

[說明] 你看過這部電影嗎？(A)句強調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解；(B)句強調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過，并不強調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。

② How has he done it?(A)

How did he do it?(B)

[說明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問做這件事的方式。

③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)

He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)

[說明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。

輕松記憶初中英語動詞過去式和過去分詞

簡單的說:過去式是用在一般過去時的,過去分詞用在完成時態(tài)的.具體點:就是分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞兩種情況來講：形式變化：

一.規(guī)則，過去式和過去分詞都是在詞末加-ed

二.不規(guī)則，要背不規(guī)則動詞表。

用法：

過去式用于“一般過去時”

過去分詞要和其它成分連用。

1.have has +過去分詞（現(xiàn)在完成時）

2.had+過去分詞（過去完成時）

3.be+過去分詞（被動語態(tài)）

過去式用來表達動詞的“過了”、“完了”等意思，漢語里表達動作的時間時采用的是前后加字法，即在動詞的前面或后面加字，如表達做過和做完，只要在動詞的后面加上“過了”、“完了”就行了，如吃過了、看過了。而英語采用的是變形法，即不加字，而是讓動詞本身發(fā)生變化，如eat變成ate，see變成saw，ate、saw就是表達“吃過了”、“看過”的過去式。

而“過去分詞”則完全是另一回事，它的寫法和過去式有時一樣有時不一樣（簡單詞多不一樣，長詞多一樣），但用法完全不一樣，它有時表達“被……”，有時表達“完成……”，不僅可以做動詞，還可以做形容詞

英語動詞按其過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方式可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞。規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞由詞尾加ed構(gòu)成，而不規(guī)則動詞的變化因詞而異。但如對不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞做一分析，就可發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的“規(guī)則”。為方便同學(xué)們記憶，現(xiàn)將初中英語教學(xué)大綱中的69個不規(guī)則動詞的原形、過去式和過去分詞列出并規(guī)為五種類型。

一、AAA型（原形、過去式和過去分詞同形）：

costcostcostcutcutcut

letletletputputput

readreadread

二、ABB型（過去式與過去分詞同形）：

bringbroughtbroughtbuildbuiltbuilt buyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfelt findfoundfoundgetgotgothavehadhadhearheardheard holdheldheldkeepkeptkeptlearnlearntlearntleaveleftleft

lendlentlentmakemademade meetmetmetpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidsellsoldsold

sendsentsentshineshoneshonesitsatsatsleepsleptslept smellsmeltsmeltspendspentspent standstoodstoodteachtaughttaught

telltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtunderstandunderstoodunderstood

三、ABC型（原形、過去式和過去分詞各異）：

bewas/werebeenbeginbeganbegun blowblewblownbreakbrokebroken dodiddonedrawdrewdrawn drinkdrankdrunkdrivedrovedriven eatateeatenfallfellfallen

flyflewflownforgetforgotforgottengivegavegivengowentgone growgrewgrownknowknewknown lielaylainrideroderidden ringrangrungseesawseen showshowedshownsingsangsung speakspokespokenswimswamswum taketooktakenthrowthrewthrown wakewokewokenwearworeworn writewrotewritten

四、ABA型（原形與過去分詞同形）：

becomebecamebecomecomecamecome

五、AAB型（原形與過去式同形）：

beatbeatbeaten

第二篇：過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較

過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較

1）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語

共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight ,this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until,up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時間狀語

3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例：

I saw this film yesterday.（過去時）我昨天看了這個電影（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）I have seen this film.（現(xiàn)在完成時）我看過這部電影了。（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）Why did you get up so early?（一般過去是得疑問句）

為什么你起得這么早（強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。）

She has returned from Paris.（現(xiàn)在完成時）

她已從巴黎回來了。（強調(diào)人已經(jīng)離開了巴黎）

句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。

（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents

第三篇：一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)別

一、現(xiàn)在完成時

1.現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。

2.現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的行為對主語目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過去發(fā)生的某個行為來說明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。

We are good friends.(現(xiàn)在的情況）I knew him in 1997.（過去的動作）

We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）

（1）表完成和結(jié)果：動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如：-Have you had lunch yet?

在我不餓了）

（2）表持續(xù)：從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。

如：He has taught here since 1981.（可能還要繼續(xù)教）

（3）表經(jīng)驗：說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice, ever,never, three times等時間狀語。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。

3.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語

（1）現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last

Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。

a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。

如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未”等。

如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。

c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。

例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見

過。

He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過那里三次了。

d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。

例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你見過他嗎？我 沒有。

How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過那里多少次？

（2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時

刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come, arrive, buy等

短暫性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為延續(xù)性動詞來表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由

短暫性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：

arrive →be herebegin(start)→be ondie →be deadcome back →be back

leave →be awayfall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up →be up1-Yes, I have.I've just had it.（現(xiàn)

go out →be outfinish →be overput on →wear 或be onopen→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of?close →be closedgo to school →be a student

borrow →keepbuy→havecatch(a cold)→have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study →studycome to work →work等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。

4.幾點注意事項

（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）；have

gone(to)表示去某地了（說話時某人不在當?shù)兀Ｈ纾篢hey have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩

次。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

（2）如單純表示一段時間，或強調(diào)一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。

如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父親去

世已有兩年了。

（3）短暫性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語

連用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。

(4)表示行為或狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時，用現(xiàn)在完成時，要加表示一段時間的時間狀語時，常

用 for＋一段時間, since＋時間點，since+一段時間+ago.如：I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。

(5)在提問現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時通常用 how long。如：How long have you lived here?

注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時間時，根據(jù)終止時間的不同，時態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如：

I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。

I have lived here for a week by now.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。

I will live here for a week next year.明年我會在這里住一周。

二、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過去時表示過去的事實，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。

I have just been to London.I went there last month.我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個月去的。

1.過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)

過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。

2.過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，?ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間

狀語

共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in

past years, always,3.現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, work, study,know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。

---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?---He's already been sent for.句中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）時，要用過去時。

（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、練習(xí)題

1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made?have triedB.made?have triedC.has made?triedD.made?tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “

A.learned?hasB.learned?didC.has learned?hasD.has learned?did

3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!

A.has got?isB.has climbed?wasC.got ?wasD.climbed?is

4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did?copy?didB.Have?copied?haveC.Have?copied?didD.Did ?copy?had

5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”

A.did?get?shoutedB.has?got?shoutedC.did?get?has shoutedD.has?got?has shouted

6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?

A.Have ?seen?did?see

C.Have?seen?have?seenB.Did ?see?did?watchD.Did ?see?have?seen

7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept?waitedB.have kept?waitedC.kept?have waitedD.have kept?have waited

8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has?been?has gone B.has?gone?has beenC.did?go?wentD.did?be?went

9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has?cried?has stoppedB.Is?crying?stopped

C.Did ?cry?stoppedD.Is?crying?has stopped

10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew?have livedB.knew?liveC.know?have livedD.know?live

11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have?gone toB.Have?gone inC.Have?been toD.Have ?been in

12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at

13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined?isB.has joined?has beenC.had joined?isD.had joined ?has been

14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came?have sentB.came?had sentC.come?have sentD.had come?sent

15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went?tookB.went?had takenC.had gone?tookD.had gone?had taken

16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found?had beenB.had found?wasC.found?had beenD.found?was

17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches?has got B.reached?had gotC.reached?gotD.had reached?got

18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote?heardB.wrote?had heardC.had written?heardD.have written?hear

19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say?had stoppedB.said?has stoppedC.say?stoppedD.said?had stopped

20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get?had hadB.got?had hadC.had got?had hadD.got?hadn’t had

21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew?arrivedB.had flown?had arrivedC.flew?had arrivedD.had flown?arrived

22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says?has rainedB.says?had rainedC.said?had rainedD.said?rained

23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked?knewB.had worked?had knownC.worked?knewD.worked?had known

24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got?had waitedB.got?waitedC.had got?waitedD.got?had waited

25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it？-The day before yesterday.A.have； seenB.will； seeC.did； seeD.did； seen

26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live

27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there.A.planted； plantedB.planted； have plantedC.have planted； plantedD.have planted； have planted

28.—I’m sorry, Cathy, I ______ your radio for such a long time.—Never mind.A.have borrowedB.have lentC.have keptD.have returned

29.—Where have you ______ these days?—I have ______ to Yangzhou with my friends.A.been, goneB.been, beenC.gone, beenD.gone, gone

30.—Where is your father? We haven’t seen each other for weeks.—______.A.He has been to America

B.He has gone to EnglandD.He would visit my grandparentsC.He is going to Australia

31.They have ______ since the factory opened.A.left the schoolB.joined the teamC.become workersD.worked here

32.Jim ______ the Great Wall many times.A.went toB.goes toC.has gone toD.has been to

33.It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.A.was, movedB.was, have movedC.is, have movedD.is, moved

34.—______ to the United States?—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you beenB.Have you goneC.Did you goD.Will you go

35.I won’t go to see the film tonight because I ______ my ticket.A.didn’t loseB.have lostC.will loseD.didn’t have

36.Miss Wu has taught in this school ______.A.for ten yearsB.ten years agoC.since ten yearsD.for ten years ago

37.I ______ today’s homework already.What about you?

A.have finishedB.finishC.to finishD.finishing

38.—Ann has gone to Shanghai.—So ______ her parents.A.hasB.hadC.didD.have

第四篇：一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)別專題

一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)別專題

一、現(xiàn)在完成時

1.現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞，說明句子的意義。

2.現(xiàn)在完成時的用法

現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某時發(fā)生的行為對主語目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過去發(fā)生的某個行為來說明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。We are good friends.(現(xiàn)在的情況）

I knew him in 1997.（過去的動作）

We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來并著眼于現(xiàn)在）

（1）表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不確定的時間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。-Have you had lunch yet?

-Yes, I have.I've just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）

（2）表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。

如：He has taught here since 1981

他自1981年就在這兒教書。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）

I haven't seen her for four years.我有四年沒見到她了。

（3）表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時間狀語。

如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。

3.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語

（1）現(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時范圍，故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時，可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。

a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。

如：We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業(yè)了。

They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業(yè)。

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。

如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？

-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。

c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。

例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見過她，但記不起在哪里見過。

He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過那里三次了。

d.用包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時間狀語，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。

例如：-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你見過他嗎？我 沒有。

How many times have you been there this year?

今年你去過那里多少次？

（2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態(tài)從某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.但是，像come,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用，必須改為“be（在）”等延續(xù)性動詞來表述。現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動詞到延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：

arrive→be herebegin(start)→be on

die→be deadcome back→be back

leave →be awayfall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)

get up→be upgo out→be out

finish →be overput on→wear 或be on

open→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…

close→be closedgo to school→be a student

borrow→keepbuy→have

catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know

begin to study→studycome to work→work等

如：He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。

The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。

We have studied English for three years.我們（開始）學(xué)英語已三年了。

4.幾點注意事項

（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時某人不在當?shù)兀保Ｓ糜诘谌朔Q，前者可與once ,never, several times等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。

He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。

（2）如單純表示一段時間，或強調(diào)一段時間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時。

如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有兩年了。（3）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。(4)表示行為或狀態(tài)從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時，用現(xiàn)在完成時，要加表示一段時間的時間狀語時，常用 for＋一段時間, since＋時間點。

I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。

I have lived here for 10 years.我在這已經(jīng)住了10年了。

(5)在提問現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語時通常用 how long

How long have you lived here?

注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長時間時，根據(jù)終止時間的不同，時態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如：

I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。

I have lived here for a week by now.到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。

I will live here for a week next year.明年我會在這里住一周。

二、現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過去時表示過去的事實，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。

I have just been to London.I went there last month.我剛?cè)ミ^倫敦，是上個月去的。

1.過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。

2.過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。

一般過去時的時間狀語:

yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語

共同的時間狀語:

this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3.現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例：I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）I have seen this film.（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）

Why did you get up so early?（強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。）

Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）

She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了。

She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。

He has been in the League for three years.(在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

He has been a League member for three years.(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。)

I have finished my homework now.---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?

---He's already been sent for.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、練習(xí)題

1.A.用 already或 yet

1)Have they taken down the old pictures ___yet___? No, not ___haven’t_______.2)Most of us have finished our compositions _____阿拉ready___

3)He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____yet___.B.用 since或 for

1)We have learned five lessons __scince____ the beginning of this term.2)Mrs Liao has been in hospital ___scince___last week.3)I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.C.用have gone或 have been

1)Where are the boy students ? They _____ to the school factory.2)Is your father in ? No, he ____ to Shenzhen._______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times

3)He asked me if I_____ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I ____ never ____ to that city before.2.選擇填空

1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made…h(huán)ave triedB.made…h(huán)ave triedC.has made…triedD.made…tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “

A.learned…h(huán)asB.learned…didC.has learned…h(huán)asD.has learned…did

3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!

A.has got…isB.has climbed…wasC.got …wasD.climbed…is

4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…h(huán)aveC.Have…copied…didD.Did …copy…h(huán)ad

5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”

A.did…get…shoutedB.has…got…shouted

C.did…get…h(huán)as shoutedD.has…got…h(huán)as shouted

6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?

A.Have …seen…did…seeB.Did …see…did…watch

C.Have…seen…h(huán)ave…seenD.Did …see…h(huán)ave…seen

7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept…waitedB.have kept…waitedC.kept…h(huán)ave waited D.have kept…h(huán)ave waited

8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has…been…h(huán)as gone B.has…gone…h(huán)as beenC.did…go…wentD.did…be…went 9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has…cried…h(huán)as stoppedB.Is…crying…stoppedC.Did …cry…stoppedD.Is…crying…h(huán)as stopped

10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew…h(huán)ave livedC.knew…liveC.know…h(huán)ave livedD.know…live

11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have…gone toB.Have…gone inC.Have…been toD.Have …been in

12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at

13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined…isB.has joined…h(huán)as beenC.had joined…isD.had joined …h(huán)as been

14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came…h(huán)ave sentB.came…h(huán)ad sentC.come…h(huán)ave sentD.had come…sent

15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went…tookB.went…h(huán)ad takenC.had gone…tookD.had gone…h(huán)ad taken

16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found…h(huán)ad beenB.had found…wasC.found…h(huán)ad beenD.found…was

17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches…h(huán)as gotB.reached…h(huán)ad gotC.reached…gotD.had reached…got

18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote…h(huán)eardB.wrote…h(huán)ad heardC.had written…h(huán)eardD.have written…h(huán)ear

19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say…h(huán)ad stoppedB.said…h(huán)as stoppedC.say…stoppedD.said…h(huán)ad stopped 20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get…h(huán)ad hadB.got…h(huán)ad hadC.had got…h(huán)ad hadD.got…h(huán)adn’t had

21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew…arrivedB.had flown…h(huán)ad arrived

C.flew…h(huán)ad arrivedD.had flown…arrived

22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says…h(huán)as rainedB.says…h(huán)ad rainedC.said…h(huán)ad rainedD.said…rained

23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked…knewB.had worked…h(huán)ad known

C.worked…knewD.worked…h(huán)ad known

24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got…h(huán)ad waitedB.got…waitedC.had got…waitedD.got…h(huán)ad waited

25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it？

-The day before yesterday.A.have； seenB.will； seeC.did； seeD.did； seen

26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there.A.planted； plantedB.planted； have plantedC.have planted； plantedD.have planted； have planted 練習(xí)答案：

1.A.1)already, yet2)already3)yet

B.1)since2)since3)since

C.1)have been2)has gone, Has, been, has been3)have been, have been

2.BDACAADBDCCDDBCABCDBDCADCBB

第五篇：現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別

現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，說話的側(cè)重點在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，一般過去時通常與表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等

現(xiàn)在完成時表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動作，它不與表示過去的時間狀語（如yesterday , lastweek , amomentago等）連用。

現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語常有如下四類：

⑴現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。

⑵現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），sofar（到目前為止），inthe past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。

⑶現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點”連用（含從句，從句過去時）。

⑷現(xiàn)在完成時還與once（一次），twice（兩次），threetimes（三次），severaltimes（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。

有時候是根據(jù)表時間的關(guān)鍵詞來判斷，如果沒有的話，就看是著重于問一個過去的事實還是表示強調(diào)已經(jīng)完成了對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生一定影響了這個事件。

你提出的問題：你還記得你上次去中國旅游是什么時候嗎？（它本身就是問現(xiàn)在是否記得嘛，所以說一般用一般現(xiàn)在時，不存在用過去式和完成式）

did you remember sth.表示你過去某個

時候記得/記起某件事沒有。have you remembered sth.表示你（已經(jīng)）記住了某件事沒有。

謂語動詞的構(gòu)成(1)一般過去時的謂語動詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時的謂語基本構(gòu)成是“助動詞have /has +過去分詞”。如：

看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？

① Have you seen the film?(A)

Did you see the film?(B)

[說明] 你看過這部電影嗎？(A)句強調(diào)的是被問者對劇情是否了解；(B)句強調(diào)的是看這部電影的動作是否發(fā)生過，并不強調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。

② How has he done it?(A)

How did he do it?(B)

[說明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問做這件事的方式。

③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)

He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)

[說明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。