第一篇:一般過去時,現在完成時,過去完成時的用法及區別
① 一般過去時的基本用法
a)表示過去某個特定時間發生的動作或存在的狀態。常與過去時間連用.a moment ago(剛才),yesterday morning,last night/ week,the day before yesterday(前天),just now(剛才)等。
He suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。
b)表示過去經常發生的動作或存在的狀態。
I wrote home once a week at college.我上大學時每周給家里寫一封信.c)表示過去連續發生的一系列動作。
She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.她走進房間,拿起一本雜志,認真地翻閱了起來。
d)在時間、條件狀語從句中用一般過去時代替過去將來時.We would not leave until the teacher came back.老師回來我們才會離開。
②一般過去時的特殊用法
a)在虛擬語氣中表示現在或將來時間的動作或狀態。
I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年輕20歲。
b)在口語中,一般過去時往往顯示委婉客氣
Might I come and see you tonight?
我想今晚來看你,好嗎?
現在完成時的用法:
1)表示過去發生或已完成的某個動作對現在產生的影響或結果,強調的是這個影響或結果,一般不與過去時間連用,常同already, just, yet等狀語連用
例:I have just turned off the light.我剛剛把燈關上。(結果是燈已經關上了)She has lost her bike.她把自行車丟了。(影響是他現在沒有自行車騎了)
2)表示開始于過去、持續到現在的動作或狀態,并可能繼續下去(也可能不繼續下去),常同包括現在在內的時間狀語連,也同“for+時間段”或“since+時間點”的狀語連用She has taught in the school for ten years.她在這所學校教書已經10年了。
I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast.我從早飯起就一直沒有吃東西。
3)表示從過去某一時間到說話時這段時間中反復發生的動作或多次動作的總和,常同頻度副詞always, often, seldom, never等連用
I have been to the Great Wall twice.我曾經去過長城兩次
過去完成時用法:
1.表示過去某一時間或動作之前已經發生或完成的動作或存在的狀態。表示的是“過去的過去,常用的時間狀語有:”by + 過去的時間點、by the end of + 過去的時間點、before + 過去的時間點。
Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.當他到達晚會時,他發現大多數客人已經離開了。
2.過去完成時還可表示過去某一時刻之前發生的動作或狀態持續到過去某個時間或持續下去,常與for,since等詞連用。例如:
When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.當杰克到時,他得知瑪麗已經離開快一個小時了。
4.某些動詞的過去完成時表示過去未實現的希望、計劃或打算。常用的動詞有hope,expect,suppose,think,want,wish等。例如:
They had hoped to be able to arrive before ten.他們本來打算能在10點之前到達達一、一般過去時與現在完成時的用法比較。
1.“一般過去時”所關心的是過去之事,與現在無聯系,常帶有表示過去某個時間的狀語;現在完成時所關心的是過去發生的事,對現在產生某種結果,強調過去與現在的聯系。一般不與過去具體時間連用。當需要指明過去一個特定的時刻發生的事情時,需要使用一般過去式。
A.I ________(lose)my pen.Can you lend me yours?
B.Why don't you buy one?
A.It _______(fall)into the river only a moment ago when I washed my hands.Now I've got to fill in a form with a pen.2.現在完成時與for或since引起的短語連用時,表達從過去開始的動作或狀態延續至今,而一般過去時與“for+一段時間”連用時,只指過去的動作或狀態在過去延續了多長時間。
We___________(stay)here for three weeks.I think we are going to stay another two weeks.(說話時人還在)
He __________(stay)here for three weeks last year.(并不表示現在是否在)
3.一般過去時帶有表示過去某時刻的時間狀態,如yesterday,last year(month,week,night),in 1980…
I ______(come)the day before yesterday.4.現在完成時所帶時間狀語包含說話時在內,如today,this week(month,year),these days(years)或與說話時非常接近,如recently,just,in(during)the past three years。Great changes _______(take)place in the last ten years
5如果一件事情發生在過去并且延續到說話的這個時刻,就需要使用現在完成時。They have lived here for a long time
6一般過去時比現在完成時更能表達事情的結果
John has taught math for twenty years.保留了約翰繼續教數學的可能性
John taught math for twenty years.表明約翰已經不再教數學了,他可能退休了,換工作了,或者去世了。
7如果一件事情發生在過去并且延續到說話的這個時刻,就需要使用現在完成時。They have lived here for a long time.他們在這里已經生活了很長一段時間。
二、一般過去式與過去完成時的區別。
1.一般現在時表示過去某一時間內發生的動作或存在的狀態,而過去完成時則表示過去某一動作或時間之前發生的動作或存在的狀態。一般過去時與現在相比,強調“過去”,而過去完成時則與過去相比,強調“過去的過去”。
我們來比較下列句子:
The meeting _________(start)at six o'clock./ start的動作發生在at six o'clock。The meeting ___________(start)when we arrived at the hall./ start的動作發生在過去的動作arrived之前。
過去完成時與現在完成時的區別
現在完成時表示的動作發生在過去,以現在的時間為基點,但側重對現在產生的結果或造成的影響,與現在有關。過去完成時則是一個相對的時態,以過去時間為基點,它所表示的動作不僅發生在過去,更強調“過去的過去”,只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時,才用到它。比較:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前為止我已經學會了 1000 個英語單詞。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時為止我已經學會了 1000 個英語單詞。
第二篇:一般過去時和現在完成時的區別
一般過去時和現在完成時的區別
時態是各種考試中經常考查的內容,學習者容易混淆的三組時態是:一般過去時和現在完成時、一般過去時和過去完成時、現在完成進行時和現在完成時。現在我們就談談一般過去時和現在完成時的區別。
一般過去時表示過去的動作或狀態,這種動作或狀態可能只發生過或存在過一次,也可能是經常性的。在含有一般過去時的句子中通常有表示過去的時間狀語,常見的有:yesterday,last month,in 1999,two days ago等。同時也要注意過去時在語境中的運用,在沒有明確時間狀語的情況下,大家對過去時判定往往容易出錯,原因是只憑漢語意思不看語境。語境中的過去時,往往表示“剛才,剛剛”之意,暗示“現在已不再這樣”。例如: I didn’t know you were here.我不知道你在這里。
I never thought he would do that.我從沒想到他會做出這樣的事。
現在完成時所表示的動作雖然發生在過去,但與現在有聯系。它既可表示到現在為止已完成的動作,又可表示沒有完成的動作的動作,現在完成時有一些標志性的時間狀語,如:already,yet,just,ever,so far,up to now,in the past five years等。現在完成時不能和表示過去特定的時間狀語,如yesterday,last month,three years ago,in 1989等連用;但可以和表示不確定時間的狀語,如:ever,never,just,not?just等連用,也可以和包括this
week,today等在內的時間狀語連用。
一般過去時和現在完成時可以從以下幾方面來區分。
首先,從一般過去時與現在完成時對現在情況的影響來區分。一般過去時所表示的過去一段時間是可以具體確定的,與其他時間沒有聯系。它所表示的事情純屬過去,與現在情況沒有聯系。現在完成時表示的事情發生在不能具體指出、現在以前的、過去某個或某段時間。它所表示的事情與現在情況有關系,是過去事情對現在產生的結果或影響。
其次,從與一般過去時和現在完成時搭配的時間狀語來區分。一般過去時常用的狀語有:yesterday,last night,two days(months,weeks)ago,at that time等;現在完成時常用的狀語有:already,just,yet,never,before等;表示從過去延續到現在并包括現在在內的一段時間狀語有:today,now,lately,recently,in the last/past few days/years,since then,up to now,so far(至今)等。
最后,請比較下面幾組句子,以體會兩種時態的不同。He served in the army from 1952 to 1954.He has served in the army for 5 years.I saw Hero last year.I have seen Hero before.綜上所述,在區分一般過去時和現在完成時時,要重點區分時間狀語和句中的謂語動詞對現在的影響。
第三篇:一般過去時與現在完成時區別
一、現在完成時
1.現在完成時的構成:助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞,說明句子的意義。
2.現在完成時表示過去某時發生的行為對主語目前產生的影響。即用過去發生的某個行為來說明現在的某種情況。
We are good friends.(現在的情況)I knew him in 1997.(過去的動作)
We have known each other since 1997.(現在完成時把過去的動作和現在聯系起來并著眼于現在)
(1)表完成和結果:動作發生在過去某個不確定的時間,但對現在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。如:-Have you had lunch yet?
在我不餓了)
(2)表持續:從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。這個動作可能剛停止,可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。
如:He has taught here since 1981.(可能還要繼續教)
(3)表經驗:說話前發生過一次或多次的動作,現在成為一種經驗,一般譯為漢語“過”,常帶有twice, ever,never, three times等時間狀語。如: I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。
3.現在完成時的時間狀語
(1)現在完成時屬于現在時范圍,故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday,last
Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在強調動作產生的后果和影響時,可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。
a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句中。
如:We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業。
b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中,表示“曾經”或“從未”等。
如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經去過長城嗎?
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。
c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見過她,但記不起在哪里見
過。
He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過那里三次了。
d.用包括“現在”在內的時間狀語,如:now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。
例如:-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你見過他嗎?我 沒有。
How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過那里多少次?
(2)現在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態從某一時
刻開始,一直持續到現在。如:I haven't seen him for two years.但是,像come, arrive, buy等
短暫性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用,必須改為延續性動詞來表述。現歸納總結一下由
短暫性動詞到延續性動詞的轉換:
arrive →be herebegin(start)→be ondie →be deadcome back →be back
leave →be awayfall ill(sick, asleep)→be ill(sick, asleep)get up →be up1-Yes, I have.I've just had it.(現
go out →be outfinish →be overput on →wear 或be onopen→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of?close →be closedgo to school →be a student
borrow →keepbuy→havecatch(a cold)→have(a cold)get to know →know
begin to study →studycome to work →work等
如:He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。
4.幾點注意事項
(1)have been(to)與have gone(to)的區別:have been(to)表示去過某地(現在已經回來了);have
gone(to)表示去某地了(說話時某人不在當地)。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他們去過北京兩
次。He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。
(2)如單純表示一段時間,或強調一段時間,雖有since一詞,也不必用完成時。
如:It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父親去
世已有兩年了。
(3)短暫性動詞現在完成時的否定式,已變成一種可以延續的狀態,因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語
連用。
如:I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來,我一直沒有離開過這兒。
(4)表示行為或狀態從過去一直持續到現在時,用現在完成時,要加表示一段時間的時間狀語時,常
用 for+一段時間, since+時間點,since+一段時間+ago.如:I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。
(5)在提問現在完成時的時間狀語時通常用 how long。如:How long have you lived here?
注意:在表示某一行為狀態持續多長時間時,根據終止時間的不同,時態使用是不一樣的。如:
I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。
I have lived here for a week by now.到現在為止,我已經在這里住了一周。
I will live here for a week next year.明年我會在這里住一周。
二、現在完成時與一般過去時的區別
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的確和現在有聯系。動作或狀態發生在過去,但它的影響現在還存在;而一般過去時表示過去的事實,與現在沒有關系。
I have just been to London.I went there last month.我剛去過倫敦,是上個月去的。
1.過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調
過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2.過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week,?ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間
狀語
共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately現在完成時的時間狀語 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in
past years, always,3.現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, work, study,know.過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。
---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?---He's already been sent for.句中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last week, in 1960)時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、練習題
1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made?have triedB.made?have triedC.has made?triedD.made?tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “
A.learned?hasB.learned?didC.has learned?hasD.has learned?did
3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!
A.has got?isB.has climbed?wasC.got ?wasD.climbed?is
4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did?copy?didB.Have?copied?haveC.Have?copied?didD.Did ?copy?had
5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”
A.did?get?shoutedB.has?got?shoutedC.did?get?has shoutedD.has?got?has shouted
6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?
A.Have ?seen?did?see
C.Have?seen?have?seenB.Did ?see?did?watchD.Did ?see?have?seen
7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept?waitedB.have kept?waitedC.kept?have waitedD.have kept?have waited
8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has?been?has gone B.has?gone?has beenC.did?go?wentD.did?be?went
9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has?cried?has stoppedB.Is?crying?stopped
C.Did ?cry?stoppedD.Is?crying?has stopped
10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew?have livedB.knew?liveC.know?have livedD.know?live
11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have?gone toB.Have?gone inC.Have?been toD.Have ?been in
12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at
13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined?isB.has joined?has beenC.had joined?isD.had joined ?has been
14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came?have sentB.came?had sentC.come?have sentD.had come?sent
15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went?tookB.went?had takenC.had gone?tookD.had gone?had taken
16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found?had beenB.had found?wasC.found?had beenD.found?was
17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches?has got B.reached?had gotC.reached?gotD.had reached?got
18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote?heardB.wrote?had heardC.had written?heardD.have written?hear
19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say?had stoppedB.said?has stoppedC.say?stoppedD.said?had stopped
20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get?had hadB.got?had hadC.had got?had hadD.got?hadn’t had
21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew?arrivedB.had flown?had arrivedC.flew?had arrivedD.had flown?arrived
22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says?has rainedB.says?had rainedC.said?had rainedD.said?rained
23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked?knewB.had worked?had knownC.worked?knewD.worked?had known
24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got?had waitedB.got?waitedC.had got?waitedD.got?had waited
25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it?-The day before yesterday.A.have; seenB.will; seeC.did; seeD.did; seen
26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live
27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3,000 trees there.A.planted; plantedB.planted; have plantedC.have planted; plantedD.have planted; have planted
28.—I’m sorry, Cathy, I ______ your radio for such a long time.—Never mind.A.have borrowedB.have lentC.have keptD.have returned
29.—Where have you ______ these days?—I have ______ to Yangzhou with my friends.A.been, goneB.been, beenC.gone, beenD.gone, gone
30.—Where is your father? We haven’t seen each other for weeks.—______.A.He has been to America
B.He has gone to EnglandD.He would visit my grandparentsC.He is going to Australia
31.They have ______ since the factory opened.A.left the schoolB.joined the teamC.become workersD.worked here
32.Jim ______ the Great Wall many times.A.went toB.goes toC.has gone toD.has been to
33.It ______ ten years since they ______ to France.A.was, movedB.was, have movedC.is, have movedD.is, moved
34.—______ to the United States?—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A.Have you beenB.Have you goneC.Did you goD.Will you go
35.I won’t go to see the film tonight because I ______ my ticket.A.didn’t loseB.have lostC.will loseD.didn’t have
36.Miss Wu has taught in this school ______.A.for ten yearsB.ten years agoC.since ten yearsD.for ten years ago
37.I ______ today’s homework already.What about you?
A.have finishedB.finishC.to finishD.finishing
38.—Ann has gone to Shanghai.—So ______ her parents.A.hasB.hadC.didD.have
第四篇:一般過去時與現在完成時區別專題
一般過去時與現在完成時區別專題
一、現在完成時
1.現在完成時的構成現在完成時是由助動詞 have(has)+動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞說明該謂語是屬于現在時范圍。它和主語的人稱、數要保持一致。過去分詞是主要的謂語動詞,說明句子的意義。
2.現在完成時的用法
現在完成時表示過去某時發生的行為對主語目前產生的影響。即用過去發生的某個行為來說明現在的某種情況。We are good friends.(現在的情況)
I knew him in 1997.(過去的動作)
We have known each other since 1997.(現在完成時把過去的動作和現在聯系起來并著眼于現在)
(1)表示動作發生在過去某個不確定的時間,但對現在留下了某種影響和結果。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。-Have you had lunch yet?
-Yes, I have.I've just had it.你(已經)吃午飯了嗎? 我剛剛吃過。(現在我不餓了)
(2)表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。這個動作可能剛停止,可能仍然在進行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時間的狀語。
如:He has taught here since 1981
他自1981年就在這兒教書。(可能還要繼續教)
I haven't seen her for four years.我有四年沒見到她了。
(3)表示說話前發生過一次或多次的動作,現在成為一種經驗,一般譯為漢語“過”,常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時間狀語。
如: I have been to Beijing twice.我去過北京二次。
3.現在完成時的時間狀語
(1)現在完成時屬于現在時范圍,故不能和過去的時間狀語連用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是,在強調動作產生的后果和影響時,可以和一些表示不確定的時間狀語連用。
a.用副詞already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和 疑問句中。
如:We have already finished our homework.我們已完成作業了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他們還沒有完成作業。
b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑問句中,表示“曾經”或“從未“等。
如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾經去過長城嗎?
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我從未去過長城。
c.用表示到說話為止的過去時間狀語,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。
例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見過她,但記不起在哪里見過。
He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過那里三次了。
d.用包括“現在”在內的時間狀語,如:now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。
例如:-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你見過他嗎?我 沒有。
How many times have you been there this year?
今年你去過那里多少次?
(2)現在完成時可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時間”的狀語連用,表示動作或狀態從某一時刻開始,一直持續到現在。如:I haven't seen him for two years.但是,像come,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時間”的狀語連用。要用,必須改為“be(在)”等延續性動詞來表述。現歸納總結一下由非延續性動詞到延續性動詞的轉換:
arrive→be herebegin(start)→be on
die→be deadcome back→be back
leave →be awayfall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)
get up→be upgo out→be out
finish →be overput on→wear 或be on
open→be openjoin→be in或 be a member of…
close→be closedgo to school→be a student
borrow→keepbuy→have
catch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →know
begin to study→studycome to work→work等
如:He has been a soldier for three years.他參軍三年了。
His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世二年了。
The film has been on for ten minutes.電影已開始十分鐘了。
We have studied English for three years.我們(開始)學英語已三年了。
4.幾點注意事項
(1)have been(to)與have gone(to)的區別:have been(to)表示“去過某地(現在已經回來了)”,可用于各人稱;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(說話時某人不在當地)”,常用于第三人稱,前者可與once ,never, several times等連用,后者則不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他們去過北京兩次。
He has gone to Beijing.他去北京了。
(2)如單純表示一段時間,或強調一段時間,雖有since一詞,也不必用完成時。
如:It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years.他父親去世已有兩年了。(3)終止性動詞現在完成時的否定式,已變成一種可以延續的狀態,因此可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來,我一直沒有離開過這兒。(4)表示行為或狀態從過去一直持續到現在時,用現在完成時,要加表示一段時間的時間狀語時,常用 for+一段時間, since+時間點。
I have lived here since my childhood.我從小就一直住在這里。
I have lived here for 10 years.我在這已經住了10年了。
(5)在提問現在完成時的時間狀語時通常用 how long
How long have you lived here?
注意:在表示某一行為狀態持續多長時間時,根據終止時間的不同,時態使用是不一樣的。如:
I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在這里住了一周。
I have lived here for a week by now.到現在為止,我已經在這里住了一周。
I will live here for a week next year.明年我會在這里住一周。
二、現在完成時與一般過去時的區別
現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的確和現在有聯系。動作或狀態發生在過去,但它的影響現在還存在;而一般過去時表示過去的事實,不表示和現在的關系。
I have just been to London.I went there last month.我剛去過倫敦,是上個月去的。
1.過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。
2.過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。
一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
現在完成時的時間狀語
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3.現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例:I saw this film yesterday.(強調看的動作發生過了。)I have seen this film.(強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了。)
Why did you get up so early?(強調起床的動作已發生過了。)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?(強調有卷子,可能為不公平競爭。)
She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。
He has been in the League for three years.(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.(是團員的狀態可持續)
He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入團,joined為短暫行為。)
I have finished my homework now.---Will somebody go and get Dr.White?
---He's already been sent for.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、練習題
1.A.用 already或 yet
1)Have they taken down the old pictures ___yet___? No, not ___haven’t_______.2)Most of us have finished our compositions _____阿拉ready___
3)He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____yet___.B.用 since或 for
1)We have learned five lessons __scince____ the beginning of this term.2)Mrs Liao has been in hospital ___scince___last week.3)I have stayed at my aunt’s _____two weeks.C.用have gone或 have been
1)Where are the boy students ? They _____ to the school factory.2)Is your father in ? No, he ____ to Shenzhen._______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times
3)He asked me if I_____ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I ____ never ____ to that city before.2.選擇填空
1.Mother ____me a new coat yesterday.I _______ it on.It fits me well.A.had made…have triedB.made…have triedC.has made…triedD.made…tried“He ____to draw horses already”.“When ______ he ?” “ Last year “
A.learned…hasB.learned…didC.has learned…hasD.has learned…did
3.Tom _____up into the tree.Look, he ____ high up there!
A.has got…isB.has climbed…wasC.got …wasD.climbed…is
4.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…haveC.Have…copied…didD.Did …copy…had
5.“Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now.”
A.did…get…shoutedB.has…got…shouted
C.did…get…has shoutedD.has…got…has shouted
6.______you __________ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?
A.Have …seen…did…seeB.Did …see…did…watch
C.Have…seen…have…seenD.Did …see…have…seen
7.You ____ me waiting for two hours.I ____ for you since five.A.kept…waitedB.have kept…waitedC.kept…have waited D.have kept…have waited
8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library.He _________ there for an hour.A.has…been…has gone B.has…gone…has beenC.did…go…wentD.did…be…went 9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.A.Has…cried…has stoppedB.Is…crying…stoppedC.Did …cry…stoppedD.Is…crying…has stopped
10.I _______ the way.I ________ here for quite many years.A.knew…have livedC.knew…liveC.know…have livedD.know…live
11._____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.A.Have…gone toB.Have…gone inC.Have…been toD.Have …been in
12.My brother ____college for over three years.A.has gone toB.has been toC.has been inD.has been at
13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989.He ______ in the army since then.A.joined…isB.has joined…has beenC.had joined…isD.had joined …has been
14.By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.A.came…have sentB.came…had sentC.come…have sentD.had come…sent
15.Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock.Then he ____ a rest.A.went…tookB.went…had takenC.had gone…tookD.had gone…had taken
16.We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.A.had found…had beenB.had found…wasC.found…had beenD.found…was
17.Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.A.reaches…has gotB.reached…had gotC.reached…gotD.had reached…got
18.I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.A.wrote…heardB.wrote…had heardC.had written…heardD.have written…hear
19.People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.A.say…had stoppedB.said…has stoppedC.say…stoppedD.said…had stopped 20.We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.A.didn’t get…had hadB.got…had hadC.had got…had hadD.got…hadn’t had
21.They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.A.flew…arrivedB.had flown…had arrived
C.flew…had arrivedD.had flown…arrived
22.She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.A.says…has rainedB.says…had rainedC.said…had rainedD.said…rained
23.John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.A.had worked…knewB.had worked…had known
C.worked…knewD.worked…had known
24.He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.A.had got…had waitedB.got…waitedC.had got…waitedD.got…had waited
25.-I have seen the film “Titanic” already.-When __________ you __________ it?
-The day before yesterday.A.have; seenB.will; seeC.did; seeD.did; seen
26.Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.A.livedB.has livedC.livesD.is going to live27.We ____________ trees last Sunday.So far we __________ over 3,000 trees there.A.planted; plantedB.planted; have plantedC.have planted; plantedD.have planted; have planted 練習答案:
1.A.1)already, yet2)already3)yet
B.1)since2)since3)since
C.1)have been2)has gone, Has, been, has been3)have been, have been
2.BDACAADBDCCDDBCABCDBDCADCBB
第五篇:現在完成時和一般過去時的區別
現在完成時和一般過去時的區別
1.現在完成時和一般過去時都表示在過去完成的動作, 但現在完成時強調這一動作與現在的關系, 如
對現在產生的結果、影響等,而一般過去時則表示動作發生在過去,一般不表示和現在的關系。試比較:① Who has opened the door?誰把門開了?(現在門還開著)
Who opened the door? 誰開的門?(指過去,與現在無關。現在門是關著還是開著,沒有說明。)② — Have you had your lunch?你吃過午飯沒有?(意即你現在不餓嗎?)
— Yes, I have.吃了。(意即我現在飽了,不要再吃了。)
— When did you have it? 你什么時候吃的?(說話人感興趣的是“吃”這一動作發生在什么時候。)
2.一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:
yesterday, once, last week,...ago, in
1980, in October, just now等具體的時間狀語。
現在完成時的時間狀語:
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till/ until, up to now, in past/last years, always等不確定的時間狀語。
共同的時間狀語:
this morning, tonight, this April, now, ever, before, already, recently, lately等。
3.現在完成時表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如 live, teach, learn, work, study, know等。
過去時常用的非延續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。eg.① I saw this film yesterday.(強調看的動作發生過了。)
I have seen this film.(強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了。)
② He has been in the League for three years.(在團內的狀態可延續)
He has been a League member for three years.(是團員的狀態可持續)
He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入團,joined為短暫行為。)
句子中如有一般過去時的時間狀語(如yesterday, last week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。
(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.