第一篇:專四便條作文
專四作文寫作技巧——如何寫好英文便條
英文書信有正式與非正式之分,英文便條為非正式書信。
TEM4把寫便條(note~writing)列入必考項目之一,其目的是按照要求,測試英語專業學生在基礎階段末用英語書面表達思想的能力。便條成績在TEM4筆試成績中雖只占10%,卻如同一面鏡子,能反映出學生英語書面交際的能力。有關英文便條寫作,國內外學者多有論述。學者們認為,便條是一種簡短信函,多使用非正式語體,它的形式比一般書信簡單。例如,寫便條的人與收便條的人的地址、稱呼中“Dear'一詞、日期中的年份以及結尾套語(complimentary close,亦稱結束語),都可以省去;便條正文篇幅可小至
一、兩句話。可是,TEM4便條寫作而言,并不完全像以上說的那樣,它有一定的限制。
英語專業四級考試大綱寫便條的要求是,“根據提示寫大約50-60字的通知、便條、請貼等。要求格式正確,語言得體。”英語專業四級考試大綱的要求其實也給TEM4便條制定了評分標準。TEM4便條的評分往往從格式、內容、語言、字數這四方面來考慮。因此,要想寫好TEM4便條,就必須掌握TEM4便條的基本要求,注意TEM4便條寫作中常見的問題,以便對癥下藥,充分發揮自己的英文寫作水平。
TEM4便條的基本要求:
(一)格式(format)正確TEM4便條的格式與普通英文書信格式基本相同。
具體來說,它應有日期(date)、稱呼(saluwfion)、正文(body)及結尾(ending),結尾包括結尾套語(complimentary close)和簽名(signature)。
1.日期指寫便條的日期。英文便條與漢語便條的日期寫的地方有別,前者的日期一般寫在便條的右上角,偶爾也見寫在便條的左上角,而后者的日期則寫在便條的右下角,即寫在簽名的下面。英文日期與漢語日期的寫法也有不同,漢語一般先寫年,然后再寫月、日,而英文則一般把年份寫在月、日的后面。另外,英文日期的月、日與年之間通常用逗號隔開。例如,2008年4月21日通常寫成April 21,2008或April 21 st,2008;當然,由于是非正式書信,也可以去掉年份,寫成Ap l 2l或April 21st(不過,這種寫法,只是最近兩年才被TEM4接受),或者寫成21/4/2008或4/21/2008。日期能說明便條的有效度,沒有日期,則會使人感到茫然。
2.稱呼稱呼是指寫便條人對收便條人的稱謂,一般都以Dear開頭,寫在日期下一兩行、留出左頁邊空白,頂格寫。TEM4試卷中一般對寫便條人與收便條人之間的關系作了提示。提示中的“you”指的是寫便條人,提到的另一方便是收便條人。稱呼時,一般只需在其名字前加Dear即可,如Dear Susan,Dear Tom。若此人有頭銜(social title),稱呼時,便要保留其頭銜,例如Dr.Herce,要稱DearDr.Pierce,不稱DearPierce。如果提示中的另一方是以MrsWang或MrWang出現,稱呼時也只需在其前加Dear便可,即稱DearMrsWang或DearMrWang,若只稱DearWang則視為不妥。當對方為親屬時,在Dear 后面加上表示親屬關系大寫的字眼即可,如DearGrandpa,DearAunt。值得一提的是,近年來TEM4也接受不帶Dear的稱呼。稱呼后面可用逗號,也可用冒號。
3.正文正文是寫便條人要敘述或談論的事情,是便條的主要組成部分。一般書信是在稱呼下方隔兩行處開始寫正文。但就TEM4便條而言,一般在稱呼的下一行開始寫正文便可。正文的首行左邊一般留約5個字母寬的空白,但也可頂格寫。便條的內容簡單、字數少,因此,正文一般只需寫一段或兩段。若有兩段,第二段的首行應與第一段的首行對齊寫。4.結尾如前所述,結尾包括結尾套語和簽名。
(1)結尾套語結尾套語的位置一般是在正文最后一行的下面,從便條的中央部分開始,稍向右縮進。當然,若正文的開頭是往左頂格寫,此時的結尾套語也應往左頂格寫。開頭字母要大寫,末尾要用逗號。結尾套語為寫便條人對收便條人的謙稱或客套以示禮貌,措辭的變化按照不同的關系而定。現分述如下:
① 致不熟悉的人,宜用較莊重的套語,如Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,或Sincerely等。
② 對上級、長者,除了可用上述較莊重的套語,也可用Yoursrespectfully或Respectfully yours。
③ 對一般朋友或熟人可用①中提到的較莊重的套語,也可用Yours等較為隨便的套語。
④ 對密友則采用較隨便的套語為宜。例如,Yours,Love,With love,Best wishes,Best regards等等。
⑤ 對親屬可用下列任何一種:Love,With love,All my love,Yours afectionately,Affectionately yours,Lovingly yours,Yo urslovingly,Your loving son(Dad?);但對親人,不宜用Sincerelyyours~由于TEM4便條寫作一般是針對考生日常生活或學習相關的事情,寫作的對象一般是其朋友、老師、熟人,因此,TEM4通常只接受Yours sincerely,Sincerely yours,Sincerely,或Yours這幾種結尾套語。
(2)簽名即寫便條人署名,位于結尾套語下,偏右。若結尾套語是往左頂格寫,這時的署名也應往左頂格寫。簽名也由寫便條人和收便條人的關系和親疏程度而定。有時TEM4指定了寫便條人的名字,簽名時應采用那個名字。若無指定名字,考生也不宜用自己的真名。一般只需寫名不寫姓,但若用了較莊重的結尾套語,此時可簽全名。
(二)內容完整一般而言,一封理想的TEM4便條應包括以下三點:
(1)寫便條的原因;
(2)要告訴的事情;
(3)有關的希望、建議或要求等。便條寫作提示的情況都是與人們日常生活或學習相關的事情。
例如,對別人提供的幫助表示感謝,邀請朋友參觀書展,因不能準時赴約而表示道歉,把信息轉告給朋友等。所提示的內容就是考生要表達的思想內容。思想內容有先后之分,要
講究其邏輯性,還得注意其完整性。生活中有些約定俗成的東西,寫作時,應考慮這方面的因素。例如,寫道歉信時,一般都先向對方表示歉意或內疚,同時說明發生疏忽、過失、或錯誤的原因,提出彌補的辦法,這樣有利于取得對方的諒解。現以近年一次英語專業四級考試便條寫作為例加以說明:該提示是:Yesterday you failed tO turn up for the appointmentwith your teacher,Professor Wang.Write him a note of apology an dmake a request for another meeting.YO u should also suggest the timefor the requested meting.仔細閱讀這一提示,你就會發現,第一句為第二旬所要求的道歉確定了內容;為了求得對方的諒解,獲得另一次會面的機會,你就必須說明前次未能赴約見面的原因。因此,本便條的內容必須包括以下四項:
(1)apologizingforfailuretOturn upforthe appointment,(2)the rea~nforfailuretOturn叩,(3)making a request for another meeting,(4)suggesting the timeflorthe requestedmeeting。其中(3)、(4)為提示中明確要求表達的內容,(1)、(2)則是根據道歉類書信特點而必須表達的內容。內容為便條寫作的重頭戲。寫作時,切莫忽視提示中的任何信息,同時要關注交際中所需的相關信息。當然,在注意提示中的信息時,特別是首句,要注意用自己正確的語言來表達,不能完全抄提示,否則會扣分。
(三)語言得體內容和語言是一個統一體。內容抓住后,應以恰當的語言來表達。一般來說,便條的語言要簡單明嘹,用詞平易。當然,語言風格還應與情景一致,不同的對象,所使用的語言應有所不同。相對來說,對上級、長者、不熟悉的人的語言較為正式,對親朋好友的語言則較為隨便。不過,不管對方是誰,行文中都應體現態度誠懇禮貌。
(四)字數符合要求TEM4便條總字數(包括日期、稱呼、結尾在內)的要求是約50—60個字。盡管在這數字之間還可以少l0字,或多20字,即40-80字,不過,還是篇幅適中為好,以免因顯得太短或太長而扣分。二TEM4便條寫作中常見的問題便條寫作中常見的問題主要表現在格式、內容、語言等方面。
(一)格式方面1.日期部分往往被漏掉,或漏掉日期中年與月、日之間的逗號,或在日期后面加點,或按漢語的順序寫成(如2006年4月22日,寫成April 22 2006;April 22,2006.;2006.5.9;其正確形式請參照前文的相應部分),或按漢語習慣把它寫在簽名的下面。2.稱呼未往左頂格寫,或與日期同寫一行;稱呼后面打句號,或未打逗號或冒號。3.把結尾套語和簽名同寫一行,或漏寫結尾套語,或漏掉結尾套語后面的逗號。
(二)內容方面便條的內容雖簡單,但漏掉必須表達的內容的情況時有發生。例如,在前文提到的那次TEM4便條寫作,考生對未赴約的原因應加以說明,可不少考生只寫了如下相似內容的便條:I am verysorry for missing yesterday’S appointment,SO I do hope we can mak ean other one.Sunday evening is convenient for me.W hat about you?內容方面還因理解不透,或自立標準而導致交際不成功的情況也不鮮見。還是以前文提到的那次TEM4便條寫作為例,評分取樣的九份答卷中就有三份類似的例子。其中一份這樣寫道,“I’mvery glad to receive your note.About Our appointment I think we canchan ge an other time.M aybe tomorrow,1 will
be fre an d stay athome all day.Ifyouarealsofreetomorrow,you Can callme atan ytime.Then 1 will visit you?”該提示要寫一封簡短的道歉信,而這位考生的答案卻與此大相徑庭,信中絲毫沒有流露出道歉的意念。
(三)語言方面便條中的語言錯誤可分為理解和表達兩大類,主要體現在措辭、語法、拼寫等方面。
1.措辭不當措辭不當在這里既指一般遣詞造句中出現的語言運用錯誤(performance erors),又指因未按TEM4便條測試中提供的語境遣詞造句而產生的語用失誤(pragmatic failures),還指因忽視對方的社會或文化背景差異而造成的語用失誤。此類問題在TEM4便條寫作中相當嚴重。我們還是以前文提到的那次TEM4便條寫作為例;鑒于篇幅,且舉三例:
(1)在1 would appreciate you if you could have anothermeeting with me這句話中,appreciate后面的賓語不妥。只要細心的讀者翻閱一下詞典,就會發現appreciate(感謝)的英文釋義是be grateful for(something),若把句中的you改為it(代表后面那件事),或把appreciate改為be grateful to,或把appreciate you改為be grateful,這句話就對了。
(2)考生在便條的開頭就對因病未能與王教授約會表示道歉后,接著寫道:I'm anxious tO make an appointment with you.而根據上下文應該是,I'm anxious tO make another appointment withyou(??與你另訂一次約會)。
(3)你(寫便條人)自己因某種原因而沒去赴約,況且約會的對象是你的老師,事后還要命令對方到你家來見你,或以命令的IZl吻表示要給你打電話。象“You must come tO my home”,或”Give me a call to discuss it further"這類話有失禮貌,使人讀后感到不舒服。
2.語法錯誤便條中的語法錯誤有多種,常見的有冠詞、詞性、動詞的時與體、句子結構等錯誤。
(1)冠詞錯誤,如I'm anxious to make a(應為an)appointment with you.(2)詞性錯誤,如I must make an apologize(正確為apology)for failing to turn up for the appo intment.(3)動詞的時與體等方面的錯誤,例如:a.If you will be(應把will be改為are)free tomorrow,we shall meet again.b.I am sorry to fail(正確為to have failed而不是to fall,因事情已發生)to turn up for the appointment yesterday.(4)句子結構錯誤,例如:I'm very sorry.I didn't turn up for the appointment with you.Because my mother was seriously ill yesterday and I had to take her to see the doctor(應改為I'm very sorry I didn’t turn up for the appointment with you yesterday because my mother was seriously ill and I had to take her to see the doctor).3.拼寫錯誤與別的主觀題一樣,便條寫作中拼寫錯誤數見不鮮。
例如:professor---profesor/profesor;convenient---conveint/convinen/convinient;receive—recieve;appointment---apointment/poitment.三建議綜上所述,TEM4便條的行文雖簡短、形式較簡單,但寫好它并非一件易事,它涉及考生的實際英語水平和臨場發揮的方方面面。現就考前準備與臨場發揮兩方面提幾點建議。
(一)考前準備1.抓好英語基本功的訓練,做到多讀、多背、多學。2.養成良好的學習習慣,做到多思、多問、勤查詞典。3.注意英漢文化背景差異,牢記英漢書信格式上的異同之處。4.調整好心態,牢記:“功到自然成”。
(二)臨場發揮1.仔細閱讀、研究所給提示,包括情景、要求、與收便條人之間的關系等。2.根據提示認真構思,包括結構、語氣、用詞等。3.利用有把握的英文知識,簡明扼要地表達提示中要表*考試~大達的思想內容。4.語言要流暢,切記以對方為重、使對方愉悅、盡量少用被動語態、避免文句單調。5.注意卷面要干凈整齊,字跡要工整清晰。6.擠時間認真檢查:1)格式是否正確,有無漏掉成分;2)內容是否完整,有無缺少部分;3)語言是否規范、得體,有無語法、拼寫錯誤,等等。附:范文
April 22,2006Dear Professor Wang,I'm very sorry I didn’t keep the appointment with you yesterday because of my sick roommate.As his close friend,I had to look after him the whole day.1wonder if you’d mind having another appointment with me at your office at four O’clock tomorrow afternoon.I'm expecting your reply.Yours sincerely,George
第二篇:專四作文
1.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
At present, people become more cautious when they meet strangers, let alone to help them.Trust between person is at stake.Offer your idea about such a phenomenon and your suggestions to make a change.On Aiding Strangers
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
You are invited to attend a friend’s birthday party.Write a note to your friend, Mike, explaining briefly why you cannot take part in it and give him your best wishes.2.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
Nowadays Internet is revolutinizing our globe and greatly facilitating our modern life.As a matter of fact, we can do almost everything on the Net, including shopping.However, people take different attitudes towards the new way of shopping.What do you think of it?
Shopping on the Net
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
Emerson’s paper ranks on the top and earns fame for the English department.Write a note to him on behalf of the department, expressing the appreciation and good wishes to him.3.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
It is a popular phenomenon that nowadays some houses in China are labeled with foreign names and some traditional Chinese houses are demolished for the new foreign ones.Analyzing the possible reasons and the consequences of such a phenomenon.Foreign Names for Chinese Houses
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
You just got recovered from illness.Write a note to your partner, Jason, expressing your appreciation to his care and great help.4.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
Job-hunting is a tough challenge to the graduates.Someone says graduation means the coming of unemployment.Provide your opinion on such a phenomenon and give some advice for such a dilemma.Graduation, Synonym of Unemployment?
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
You have got in trouble in your computer installment.Write a note to your friend, Roger, describe briefly what it is and ask him to give you a hand.5.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
Now many universities are asking their students to evaluate their teachers.Many students are excited at this, but some teachers seem to hold different opinions.What’s your opinion?
Should Teachers Be Evaluated by Students?
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
A College English Speech Contest is to be held in the city.You want to take part in it.Write a note to Mr.Brown, inquiring the details about the contest and procedure.6.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
Career planning is an important step for graduates, and it is of great importance.Offer your idea about it.Some of the tips and potential flaws must be included in your composition.Career Planning
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
Your friend Steven has been enrolled by Yale University.Write a note to congratulate him, expressing your happiness and admiration for him.7.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
Nowadays tourism is more and more indispensable to people’s life.But which way is a better choice: joining package tour or travelling on your own?
Which Do You Prefer: Joining Package Tours or Travelling on Your Own?
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
Your friend just failed in a contest and was very sad.Write a note to your friend, Allan, comforting and encouraging him not to lose heart and make further success.8.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
A scholar’s professional ethics is essential to his career and in a sense determines his contribution to the public.What does the professional ethics really mean, and what is its importance to a scholar?
My Idea of Professional Ethics for a Scholar
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
You are informed that your friend Lily has failed her final examination and is very frustrated now.Write a note to Lily, offering some suggestions and try to cheer her up.9.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
Some people argue that athletes, while playing games, should adhere to the principle “Friendship first, competition second”, but others are against this view.They think that “Playing a game is fun when you win.” What is your opinion?
Playing a game is fun when you win
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
You have found a book in the dining hall;write a “Lost and Found” note.10.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
More and more adult students are renting flats to live away from campus, and some of them are students lovers.Some students think it unacceptable, but others think it OK.What’s your opinion?
On Cohabitation of Student Lovers
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
Write a note to Tom to invite him to see a film with you.11.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
Under the one-child policy carried out in China, the “one” generation born between 1978 and 1985 has grown up.Directly affected by the family planning policy of China, whether they feel any loneliness as the only child of the families is being discussed.Does the Only Child Feel Lonely?
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
Write a “Thank you” letter to Mr.Smith for his recommendation of your competence to the manager of the Medical Company.12.SECTION ACOMPOSITION
Many universities oblige the students to attend the spoken English test.What is your opinion?
Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?
SECTION BNOTE-WRTITING
The heating system in the hotel where you live didn’t work well last night.Write to the manager to complain about this.
第三篇:09年專四作文
Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment? China’s economic growth has brought fast development to tourism since 1978.An increasing number of people start to go on traveling, which unavoidably bring harm to the environment.On the one hand, tourism leads to the destruction of ecological balance.Many so called green parks have been built to attract visitors.However, the constructions of those parks need lots of trees because they can be made into artificial chairs, tables or wood house, so tourism also causes the decline in areas of the green land, which adds the risk of floods.On the other hand, tourism causes water pollution.Some places of interest are famous for natural beauty, like some big waterfalls and lakes, but some rude behaviors, such as leaving plastic bags in the water indeed have a bad effect to water.To sum up, I think it is not worth sacrificing environment to develop economic.As citizens, everyone should do their own part to protect our environment.March 27, 2009 Dearly Lily, I have learned from an ad that a schoolboy is looking for a private English-language tutor.I think it is a good chance for you so you can get a part-time job at your free time.Most important of all, you want to be a teacher, your dream.I hope you will take the opportunity and may you succeed.Yours,Rose
第四篇:專四作文萬能開頭
四大開頭模板式寫法
第一大模板法:
1.①引題+②一方觀點+另一方觀點+③我方觀點
①引題:九大引題方法
一、在談到?時,人們對這個充滿爭議的話題所持的觀點各不相同。
① When talking about(it comes to / it refers to)_______, people’s opinion are divergent on such a controversial issue.二、最近經常辯論的一個問題是:
① A much debated issue these day is whether…
① There is a pubic(general)debate(discussion / controversy)today(nowadays)on(about/over/as to)the problem(issue)of …
三、最近?的問題已經引起了人們廣泛的關注。
① Recently the problem(issue)of ______ + has drawn(aroused)public(worldwide)attention.或 + has caused(aroused)wide(general / considerable / international)concern.四、近來?的問題已經廣為天下人所知。
① Recently the issue(problem)of … has been in the limelight(brought into focus / brought to public attention / posed among the general public).五、在過去的?年里,很多城市面臨了?的嚴重問題。
① In recent(past)years, many cities(nations / people)have been faced with(plagued with / troubled with / experienced / witnessed / undergone)the(a / an)serious problem of(acute shortage of / alarming increase in)…
六、如今我們國家面臨的最為緊迫的任務之一是?
① One of the burning(pressing / urgent)problems facing(confronting / troubling)our nation(society / world / community)today is that…
七、現在很多人談論的最熱門的話題之一是?
① One of the biggest issues(hottest topics / most popular things / most serous problems)many people talk(complain)about now is …
八、隨著
① With the rapid(marked / amazing)development(increase / improvement / expansion / growth / decline)of _____,① With the general(growing / common)recognition(realization / acknowledgement)of ______,① With he general(growing / common)interest in(concern over / enthusiasm for)________,① With ________ playing an increasingly big role in ______,① With _______ attaching much importance to ______,九: 如今有一種…趨勢。
① Nowadays(Currently / Recently), there is a growing(unhealthy)tendency to(in / that)…
②一方觀點 + 另一方觀點:兩大表述方法一、一些人認為?,另一些人認為?.② The vast(overwhelming)majority of people say(think / believe/ maintain/ hold)that …, while other people(others)claim(argue / insist)that …
② Most(Many / Quite a few /Some)people say(think / believe / maintain / hold)that, but other people(others)claim that …
② The vast(overwhelming)majority of people say(think / believe/ maintain/ hold)that …, but others view quite differently(but others think a bit differently / but others think that the opposite is true).They argue(claim)that …,② The overwhelming majority would support that …, others, however, take the negative attitude.二、反對者認為…, 擁護者認為…
② Those who criticize(oppose / object to)… argue that ….They believe that …, but people who advocate(favor)…, on the other hand, maintain(assert)that…
③ 我方觀點
一、就我個人而言,我認為?
③ However, I firmly believe(hold/maintain)…
③ From the personal perspective, I prefer A than B as my inclination.③ Personally, I am in favor of(support)the view(idea / opinion / argument)that…
二、agree / disagree型加入:我同意/不同意前/后者觀點,我認為…
③ I agree /disagree with the former / latter.I hold(maintain / believe)that …
③ I approve / disapprove of the former / latter idea.I hold(maintain / believe)that…
③ I am(not)in favor of the former / latter idea.I hold(maintain / believe)that…
變體一:②一方觀點+另一方觀點+③我方觀點一
變體二:①引題+③我方觀點
第二大模板法:
④流行觀點 + ③我方觀點(五大表述方法)
一、如今人們普遍認為?, 他們說? + 我方觀點
④ Now, it is commonly(generally / widely)believed(thought / held / accepted / felt / recognized / acknowledged)that … They claim(believe / argue)that …+ For my part, I would choose to support.(表示支持流行觀點)/ For me, the viewpoint sounds biased / one-sided.After considering the issue, I hold(maintain / believe)…
二、如今經常聽到的一種批評聲音是…他們說… + 我不同意這種觀點,原因如下。
④ A criticism often heard these days is that … They say that … I disagree with this point of view for the following two / three reasons.三、對于公眾來說… + 我方觀點
④ To the general public, …For my part, I would choose to support.(表示支持流行觀點)/ For me, the viewpoint sounds biased / one-sided.After considering the issue, I hold(maintain / believe)…
四、關于這個問題,多數人說… + 我方觀點
④ In response(reaction / answer)to the event(phenomenon / idea / question), the majority of people say(think)… + For my part, I would choose to support.(表示支持流行觀點)/ For me, the viewpoint sounds biased / one-sided.After considering the issue, I hold(maintain / believe)…
五、近來我們一直聽到關于…的說法。+ 我方觀點
④ These days we often hear that … + For my part, I would choose to support.(表示支持流行觀點)/ For me, the viewpoint sounds biased / one-sided.After considering the issue, I hold(maintain / believe)…
第三大模板法:①引題 + ④流行觀點 + ⑤提出質疑(四大質疑法)
一、①引題 + ④流行觀點 + ⑤但是他們沒有意識到?
①引題句型 + ④流行觀點句型+ ⑤ But do they realize…?
二、①引題 + ④流行觀點 + ⑤但是這種做法明智么?越來越多的人,包括我對此表示質疑。
①引題句型 + ④流行觀點句型 + ⑤ But is it a fair(wise/reasonable)one? This way is now being questioned(challenged)by more people, including me.三、①引題 + ④流行觀點 + ⑤ 但是果真如此嗎?仔細分析一下,就證明這種觀點站不住腳。
①引題句型 + ④流行觀點句型 + ⑤ But is it true? Close examination(analysis)doesn’t bear out(證實)the claim(view/argument).四、①引題 + ④流行觀點 + ⑤ 但是情況果真如此嗎?我不認為,因為以下原因。
①引題句型 + ④流行觀點句型 + ⑤ But is this really the case? I disagree for the following reasons.第四大模板法: ①引題 + ⑥ 讓步轉折句(五大轉折法)
一、①引題 + ⑥ 的確?,不過?
①引題句型 + ⑥ It is true that …, but …
二、①引題 + ⑥ 似乎 ?, 不過?
①引題句型 + ⑥ It seems that …, but …
三、①引題 + ⑥ 不可否認的是?, 不過?
①引題句型 + ⑥ It is undeniable that …, but … / Undeniably, …, but …
四、①引題 + ⑥ 但是盡管?, 幾乎沒有證據證明?
①引題句型 + ⑥ But although(Admittedly,)…, there is no(little)evidence.it is questioned(doubted)that …
五、①引題 + ⑥ 但是盡管?, 我還是認為?
①引題 + ⑥ Although …, I believe one should …
注:開頭段落提出觀點可以出現各種格的“我”,但之后的段落不要使用 “I” “me” “my” “we” “us” “our”!
第五篇:專四近義詞
arouse, rouse
這組詞均含有“喚醒,引起”的意思,兩者往往可以通用。
rouse
一般作及物動詞,有時也可用作不及物動詞。
arouse
只作及物動詞:
The fire roused the people from their sleep.大火把人們從睡夢中驚醒。
We must arouse them to fight for their own emancipation.我們必須喚醒他們起來為自己的解放而斗爭。
shake, tremble, quake, shiver, quaver
這組詞均含有“打破”或“擠碎”的意思。
shake
適用范圍廣,可用于人也可用于物。該詞所表示的動作的方向既可以是水平的也可以是垂直的。
tremble
專門用于表示人體輕微、迅速地振動,特別是當人激動、怯懦、寒冷、疲憊時不自覺地發抖。
quake
可用來代替tremble,常表示劇裂震動,如地震等,也可表示人因天氣寒冷發抖或因憤怒等強烈情緒而內心震動。
shiver
意為“顫抖,哆嗦”,特指因寒冷或恐懼而打寒戰,多用于人。
quaver
有時表示不規則的震動或波動,尤其表示某些具有擾亂結果的震動或波動,它常常強調顫抖,特別是激動的情感對聲音與言辭的影響。
To be shaken before taking.(藥瓶標簽用語)服前搖勻。
Her hands trembled with eagerness as she opened the letter.她拆信時,急得雙手發抖。
His accusing hand stiffly extended, quaking in mute condemnation.他那控訴的手僵硬地伸出去,在無聲的譴責中顫抖。
She is shivering with cold so that her teeth are chattering.她冷得直哆嗦,牙齒咯咯作響。
The breeze set the flames of the street lamps quavering.街燈在微風中搖曳著。
subject, name, title, topic
subject
意為“題目,主題”,既可以指文章、談話、演講等的“主要內容,主要涉及對象”,又可以指文章或演講等的“具體名稱,標題”。subject還可指學科、科目。
name
意為“名字,姓名,名稱”,一般只用于人、動物或地方。
title
意為“名稱,標題”,一般用于具體印發的作品、書籍。另外,一篇文章的題目如果是印出來了,那么既可以用subject又可以用title,如果在印發之前,就不能用title而要用subject,另外,title還可以作“稱號,頭銜”講。
topic
一般譯為“話題”,多為談話、辯論、演講、作文的題目。
The subject of their conversation was the war.他們談話的主要內容是戰爭。
What’s the name of the film?電影的名字是什么?
The title of the article is In Search of Silence.文章的題目是“尋寂”。
Here are some topics for discussion.下面是一些討論題目。
recall, remember, remind, recollect
這組詞都有“(使?)想起”之意。
recall
意為“想起”,強調有意識地去“回憶,回想”,常與can, could等詞連用,強調一次性回憶。
remember
表示“想起”,指事物自然地在記憶中出現,不強調努力或意志。
remind
表示“使?想起”,指人受到一定媒介的啟發或提醒而慢慢地喚起對往事的記憶,常用在remind sb.of sth.的結構中。
recollect
意為“回想”,指把已經遺忘的事情重新想起,強調回憶過程。
I can’t recall having met him before.我記不起以前曾見到過他。
I suddenly remembered I had left the book in the library.我突然想起我把書忘在圖書館了。
Your telling me that story reminds me of another.你給我講的故事使我想起了另一個故事。
She thought back and tried to recollect the exact wording of the letter.她回憶著,試圖回想起那封信的準確字眼。
range, reach, scope, compass, scale
這是一組表示“范圍”的名詞,其側重點各有不同。
range
代表的是一個可以測量的范圍,在這個范圍內包括一系列可變化的數量。range還特指視力、聽力所能達到的距離和槍炮的射程。
reach
特指伸手可達到的距離或非常近的距離,其比喻含義指能力、權力、影響等可達到的范圍。
scope
指人們所處理、研究的事物的“范圍”以及所掌握、控制的“面積”。scope的比喻含義指的是所掌握的知識的寬度,即“眼界,見識”。
compass
在意義上與scope相同,是正式用語,表示活動、興趣、能力的“界限,范圍”。
scale
特指刻度、標度的范圍,也指品級、級別的規模和大小的范圍:
The bird now came within my range of vision.那只小鳥飛入了我的視野。
Keep the pills out of the reach of the children!把藥放到孩子們夠不到的地方!
Is Romanticism in the scope of your book?你的書涉及到浪漫主義嗎?
Construction is not within the compass of the department.工程建設不屬這個部門管轄。
This thermometer has two scales marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and the other in Centigrade.溫度計上有兩種刻度,一種是華氏,另一種是攝氏。
shift, move, remove, transfer
這組詞均含有“移動,轉移”的意思。
shift
含有“輕易地更動”或出于不正當的動機把罪過“轉”到他人身上的意思。
move
應用范圍很廣,其中主要意思是“從一處移到另一處”。
remove
意為“拿開,移動,消除”,強調離開原來的、正常的地方或職位等做一種新的、有時是暫時的安排或改變。該詞還含有把不利的東西“取消”的意思。
transfer
意為“調動,移交”,強調從一處轉到另一處。
It’s no use trying to shift the blame to anybody else.想把過錯推到別人身上是沒用的。
Please help me move the desk to the corner.請幫我把桌子搬到墻角。
The obstacle has been removed;the two countries continued their dialogue.障礙已經排除,兩國又繼續對話。
The head office of the company has been transferred to New York.該公司總部已遷至紐約。
scarce, rare
這組詞均含有“稀少的,少有的”的意思。
rare
強調某種東西是很少見到的,或某種現象是很少發生的,具有珍貴、貴重的意味。它的反義詞是common。
scarce
形容的事物不一定有珍貴之意,而是指有些東西(通常為日用品)因匱乏或難以得到而變得稀少或缺少。它的反義詞是plentiful或abundant。此外,修飾時間表示頻率時,則只能用rare,而不能用scarce,此時rare的含義是“不經常發生的”
The panda is one of the rare animals in the world.熊貓是世界上稀有動物之一。
glimpse, look, sight, view
這組詞都有“看,瞥見”的意思。
glance
指看一下或瞥一眼(有意識的)。
His glance silenced the audience, and he began to speak.他環視了一下,聽眾都不說話了,他便開始講話。
glimpse
一般指看一眼或一瞥(無意識的)。
She caught a glimpse of her friend in the supermarket.她在超級市場里瞥見了她的朋友。
look
一般用語,表示直接用眼睛看。
Her intent look showed how much she had missed her sister.她的專心的目光說明她是多么想念她的姐姐。
sight
此詞與視力和視覺有關,意指察看或視野。
She has lost sight of her dog.她看不見那條狗了。
view
常指視野,視域景色和眼界。
The tower commands a good view of the beautiful city.從這個塔上可以清楚地看到這座美麗城市的景色。
huge, enormous, immense, giant, gigantic, vast
這組詞均含有“很大的”的意思。
huge
指體積和數量大得超過一定的標準,可用來形容物體,距離,程度和聲音等。
They spent a huge amount of money on that villa.他們花巨款買下了那幢別墅。
enormous
著重指體積龐大,常指碩大無比,令人咋舌的事物。多用來形容形體、數量和程度,有時含有嚴重、緊急的意思。
The dinosaurs were enormous animals which lived on the earth long ago.恐龍是很久以前生存在地球上的巨型動物。
giant
常指身體,體積,或力量的巨大。
They took giant strides forward.他們大踏步前進。
gigantic
多用于夸張手法,強調某種事物程度的巨大、重大或極為嚴重,常用于隱喻。
The economy of the country has taken a gigantic leap forward.這個國家的經濟有很大的飛躍。
immense
有大到不能計算的意味,常用于形容空間,也可形容程度。
This book was about the early explorers who got lost in the immense Atlantic.這本書講的是迷失在浩瀚大西洋中的早期探險家的故事。
vast
著重指面積極為開闊,用作比喻時指閱歷廣、花費大等。
The lion used to live in vast areas of Africa.獅子過去生活在非洲廣袤的地區。
flaw, defect, fault, mistake, error
這組詞都表示“錯誤,缺陷”。
flaw
原意為“裂縫,裂隙”,引申為“缺點,漏洞,瑕疵”,表示存在的或出現的某種破壞了完好統一體的因素,強調對完美性或有效性的損害。
defect
意思是“欠缺,不足”,指缺乏達到完善或發揮效用所需要的東西,也常指一般的缺陷。
fault
意思是“缺點,毛病;錯誤,過錯,責任”,一般指性格上的弱點或行為上的過失及責任。
mistake
指由于認識上的缺點而無心犯下的錯誤。
error
常指違反一定標準而犯的錯誤。mistake和error雖然常常通用,但在習慣搭配中不能互換。
如:
I can’t detect any flaw in his ingenious theory.在他的精妙理論中我找不到任何漏洞。
No one is without defects.人無完人。
She always finds fault with me.她總挑我的毛病。
I took her gloves by mistake.我錯拿了她的手套。
Every man is liable to err.人人都難免犯錯誤。
freedom, liberty
這組詞均含有“自由”的意思。
freedom
強調不受外界任何限制和約束,或者可以完全按照自己的意愿行事。
liberty
側重于從所受的壓制或壓迫下解放出來。
如:
In some countries, there is no freedom of the press.在一些國家里沒有新聞自由。
All the prisoners in the concentration camp wanted their liberty.集中營里所有囚犯都想得到自由。
repair, mend, fix, remedy
這組詞都有“修理”的意思。
repair
意為“修理,修復”,指修理已破舊或損壞的東西,使其恢復原有的良好狀況。此外,repair還可引申為“糾正,彌補,治愈”。
mend
意為“修理,修補”,是普通用語,僅指修補磨損的、破裂的、撕毀的小東西,很少用于大件物品。該詞可引申為“改善,彌補,恢復健康”。
fix
意為“修理,修復”,和repair同義,兩者經常換用,fix常用于美國英語中,口語色彩較濃。
remedy
意為“補救,彌補”,指對已經出現的過失及不滿意的現狀采取彌補措施,加以補救。
He doesn’t know how to repair the error.他不知道怎樣彌補這個過失。
It’s never too late to mend.改過不嫌遲。
He tried to fix the leaking tap.他試圖修漏水的水龍頭。
Your faults of pronunciation can be remedied.你的發音毛病是可以矯正的。
adequate, enough, sufficient
這組詞均含有“足夠”的意思。
adequate
強調符合一個客觀要求或標準,這個要求或標準可能不太高或不太嚴格。
enough
側重份量和數量的足夠。是三個詞中最普通的。
sufficient
一般用于正式書面語中,且只能放在所修飾的名詞前。
如:
His income is not adequate to his family’s needs.他的收入滿足不了家庭需求。
Do we have enough time for a drink?我們有沒有足夠的時間喝點什么?
The rain is not sufficient to do any harm.這場雨不足為害。
complete, entire, total, whole
這組詞都可作“完全的,全部的”講。
complete
意為“完全的,完善的”,強調所需要的正常的部分都已具備,達到完備、無可增加的程度。
entire
意為“完全的,完整的”,可用于具體或抽象的概念,用來形容完整的、未被破壞或切割的統一體。其含義側重物體或概念的本身,強調既不能增加,也不能減少,保持原有完整的意義。該詞常用作定語。
total
意為“完全的,全部的”。強調沒有任何例外,一切都被統計在內,指金錢、數量、程度等的全部,在表示抽象意義時,可與complete換用,有時也可和entire換用。
whole
意為“整個的,整體的”,強調完整、沒有被忽略、遺漏或減少,此時該詞和entire語義相似,只是語氣稍弱,且多在口語中使用,一般多用作定語。
They own a house complete with furniture.他們擁有一幢家具齊全的房子。
The Complete Works of Tolstoy is on the shelf.《托爾斯泰全集》在書架上。
It took us an entire week to finish the work.完成這項工作花費我們整整一周時間。
He was in entire ignorance of the matter.他對這件事一無所知。
What is the total cost of the new furniture?新家具總共花了多少錢?
The new manager has a total control of the business.新任經理完全掌握公司的控制權。
The different parts were joined to form a whole group.不同的部分連接起來形成一個整體。
The whole book is on how to appreciate poetry.整個書都是關于詩歌欣賞的
aggression, invasion
這組詞均含有“入侵”的意思。
aggression
主要指對別國的入侵。
invasion
指持有挑釁、敵對的企圖而進行的侵占、入侵、侵犯。
如:
The Chinese government protested strongly against such barbarous aggression.中國政府強烈抗議這種野蠻的侵略行為。
The illegal search was an invasion of their civil liberties.那次非法搜查是對他們公民自由權的侵犯。
long, wish, desire, hope, expect
這組詞都含有“希望”之意。
long
意為“渴望,盼望”,常與for搭配使用,有較強的感情色彩,表示對某一事物抱有熱切的“希望”或強烈的“向往”。
wish
作“希望,渴望”講,是一般用語,常用于表達過去的遺憾,對不可能達到的目標的渴求,此時常為虛擬語氣。另外,還可指對別人的祝愿。
desire
意為“希望,渴望”,是正式用語,語氣強于wish,指懷著急切的心情,強烈地盼望著達到某種目的,而這種殷切的希望經多方努力是可以實現的。
hope
作“希望,盼望”講,指人期待或渴望有一定指望的事物,這種期待可能實現也可能實現不了,但常含有充滿信心之意。
expect
表示“希望,期待”,指有一定的把握認為某人會做某事并期待著這種可能性的實現。
She longed to go back to the laboratory.她渴望能回到實驗室。
What I like is chewing gum.I wish I had some now.我喜歡的是口香糖,真希望我現在有些口香糖。
Have you got everything that your heart desired?你一心向往的東西都有了嗎?
He hoped that his extra effort on the essay would bring him a higher mark.他希望他在論文上作出的特殊努力將會使他得高分。
If I tell you to come, I expect you to come.如果我讓你來,我就希望你來。
result, consequence, effect, outcome
這組詞均含有“結果”的意思,指事物最后呈現的一種局面。
result
是最普通的用詞,用途最廣,指很多效果、后果的綜合,帶有“最后結果”的意味。
consequence
這個詞帶有貶義,一般表示一種不好的結局,常譯為“后果”。
effect
與cause(原因,起因)相對,強調由某種原因直接或立即產生的結果,可譯為“效果,效力,作用,影響”。
outcome
常譯為“結果,結局”,常指某項活動、比賽或者懸而未決的事情最后見分曉、見輸贏。
The net result of our discussions was that she agreed to take this job.我們反復商量的最終結果是她同意接受這份工作。
The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social consequences.高失業率已經造成了不良的社會后果。
The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales.這次廣告運動對銷售未能起到多大的作用。
There were not many people who dared predict the outcome of the general election.沒有人敢預測大選的結果。
prohibit, forbid, ban
這三個詞皆為及物動詞,表示“禁止”。
prohibit
意為“(通過法律、法令、公告、嚴正警告)禁止某些事情”,該詞應用范圍比其他兩個詞廣,其常用結構為prohibit sb.from doing sth.。
forbid
意為“禁止”,是這三個詞中最普通的詞。如果我們指一般意義上的“禁止某人做某事”,就要用forbid sb.to do sth.。
ban
意為“禁止”,在這三個詞中語氣最強,指權威機關“正式禁止”,這種禁止可以是正面的,也可以是反面的。ban只以物作賓語,而不能以人作賓語。
The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children.法律禁止煙草商賣給兒童香煙。
She had been strictly forbidden to drink beer.嚴禁她喝啤酒。
Bicycles are banned from the new motorway.自行車禁止通行于新建的快車道。
foretell, foresee, forecast, predict
這組詞均含有“預言,預測”的意思。
foretell
意為“預言,預料”,著重宣布未來的事,而不表明所預言的事情是否正確。
foresee
強調“預見,預知”,與foretell基本同義。
forecast
強調“預報”,指通過分析一些相關的信息、數據來預測。
predict
常指根據已知的事實或自然規律推斷出未來的事情,可用于各種不同的場合。predict所作的預言有一定的科學性。
The Gypsy foretold that the boy would become a king.那個吉普賽人預言這個男孩將會成為國王。
The difficulties could not have been foreseen.這些困難是無法預料的。
Who can forecast what the outcome of election will be?誰能預測出選舉結果?
Economists are predicting a fall in interest rate.經濟專家預言利率會下降。
roughly, approximately, about, around
這組詞都可表示在距離、時間、數量等方面“接近,大約”。
roughly
意為“粗略,大約”,經常用來代替approximately或about。該詞常含有隨便、草率的意味。
approximately
作“近于,接近”講,表示精確程度非常接近某一標準,其誤差極小甚至可忽略不計。
about
作“大約”講,可與approximately互相使用,但它不如前者那樣強調對精確度的接近,但它后面的數或量都是明確的,沒有“多少不定”的意思,如,不可說“about more than two”。
around
意為“大約”,有時用于非正式場合,可以代替about或approximately
Roughly speaking, I think we are heading for the depression.大體說來,我認為我們正走向蕭條。
It was approximately 100°F in the shade.在蔭涼處溫度約為華氏100度。
There are about 60 people in the room.這房間里大約有60個人。
He went to bed around midnight.他大約半夜才去睡覺。
accumulate, amass
這組詞均含有“累積,積聚”的含義。
accumulate
強調一點一點地連續積累,從而積聚成堆。
amass
往往用于價高或量大的積聚。
The accumulated evidence isn’t enough to ensure his conviction.已收集到的證據還不足以給他定罪。
My savings are accumulating interest.我的儲蓄不斷生息。
Fat will be accumulated in your body if you stop doing sports.如果你停止運動,脂肪就會積聚于體內。
A speculator may try to amass great wealth.投機商會想方設法積聚錢財。
assemble, collect, gather
這組詞均含有“收集,聚集”的意思。
assemble
指為了一定目的把即將分散的人或物集合為一個整體。
gather
是一般用語,指將分散的東西聚集在一起。用于人時表示“聚集,集中”之意。
collect
與gather通用,指按計劃進行收集整理,其對象一般是物,偶爾也用于人,意為“集合”。
Assemble your papers and put them in this file.把你的論文收集起來,放在這個文件夾里。
You must gather the students to your side.你必須把學生團結到你這一邊來。
People gathered in crowds on the street waiting for the news of victory.人們成群結隊地聚集在街上,等待著勝利的消息。
trust, believe, believe in, confide
這組詞均含有“打破”或“擠碎”的意思。
trust
是“信任”的意思,指信任某人的內在品質、人格、能力等,也可指“信賴”事物。trust后面接不定式的復合結構(trust sb.to do sth.),表示“放心讓某人做某事,相信某人會”。另外,trust后面常跟介詞in,也表示“相信,信賴”之意。
believe
后面常接名詞、代詞或that從句,接that從句時常表示“認為”的意思。
believe in
是“信任,信仰”的意思,常指相信某一理論或信仰某一宗教等,也指相信某事物或某人的更為本質的、內在的東西,或相信某事物的存在。
confide
是指信賴某人以致可以與之傾吐心腹話或內心的秘密。confide作及物動詞時,常用在“confide sth.to sb.”;作不及物動詞時,后面常與介詞in連用,表示信賴某人,對某人講真話。
A forgetful man should not trust his memory, but should write things down in a notebook.一個健忘的人不應相信自己的記憶力,而該把事情記在記事本上。
You can’t trust him to do anything right.你什么事也別指望他能做好。
She didn’t trust in her son’s ability to look after himself.她不相信兒子有能力照顧自己。
I find it impossible to believe a single word you say.我發現你的每句話都難以置信。
Is he really coming? I can hardly believe my ears.他真的要來嗎?我簡直不敢相信我的耳朵。
I don’t believe in his honesty.我不相信他誠實。
They don’t believe in ghosts.他們不相信有鬼神。
She confided her trouble to her friend.她把自己的煩惱告訴了朋友。
refuse, reject, decline, deny, repel
這組詞均含有“打破”或“擠碎”的意思。
refuse
是表示“拒絕”這一概念的最普通的用詞,語氣比decline強,含有非常堅決地、不客氣地拒絕的意味。refuse作及物動詞時,后面常常接名詞或代詞表示被拒絕的對象,跟不定式表示拒絕做某事。作不及物動詞時,refuse可單獨使用。
reject
意為“拒不接受,不采納”,語氣比refuse更強,強調拋棄、丟棄,有時可翻譯為“抵制,駁回”。
該詞還常常表示由于客觀條件不符合規定的標準而遭到拒絕。reject后通常只接名詞或代詞。decline
常常翻譯為“辭謝,婉言謝絕”,指有禮貌地、語氣委婉地拒絕,主要用于拒絕有關社交活動的邀請或請求等。
deny
常常作“否認,否定”講,其后可接名詞、代詞、動名詞或that從句。另外,deny也可作“拒絕給予”講,這時多接雙賓語,即用在deny sb.sth.結構中,并且可以與refuse互換,不過語氣要比refuse更堅決。
repel
指“拒絕接受”,甚至含“抵制”的意思,語氣比reject強。
It is the stupid who refuse to be taught by mistake.只有蠢人才拒絕從錯誤中吸取教訓。
The patient’s body rejected the heart transplant.病人的身體對心臟移植有排斥反應。
She declined to have lunch with us, saying that she wasn’tfeeling well.她說身體不適而婉言謝絕與我們共進午餐。
He doesn’t dare to deny the charges, does he?他不敢否認這些指控。
embarrass, puzzle, perplex, confuse, bewilder
這組詞皆有“使?困惑”的意思,都可作及物動詞,常以無生命的詞作主語;以有生命的詞作主語時,常用被動語態。
embarrass
指“使?困惑,使?窘迫,使?為難”,含有令人不快、為難和內心混亂的意味。
puzzle
意為“使?迷惑”,指某一復雜的事件或困難難于被理解。
perplex
指“使?疑惑”,和puzzle同義,但比puzzle更為莊重,還含有“使?雜亂,使?疑慮,使?不安,使?不知如何決定”的意思。
confuse
指“使?混亂,使?糊涂”,強調使人因混淆而不知所措。
bewilder
“使?混亂,使?著慌,使?發愣”,語氣最重,表示糊涂到無法思考的地步。
It embarrasses me even to think about my foolish behavior.哪怕是想一想我愚蠢的行為,我都感到困窘不安。
Her illness has puzzled all the doctors.她的病把所有的醫生都難住了。
I have been puzzling my brains about this question for weeks now.對這個問題我已經苦苦思索了幾個星期了。
His strange behavior had greatly perplexed her.他奇怪的行為使她大為困惑。
We were perplexed to learn of your decision.我們聽說了你們的決定,感到困惑不解。
They asked so many questions that they confused me(that I got confused).他們問了我很多問題,把我都給弄糊涂了。
Don’t confuse Austria with(and)Australia.不要把奧地利與澳大利亞弄混了。
She was bewildered to find them gone.發現他們已經離去,她愣住了。
choose, select, pick out
這組詞皆有“選擇”之意。
choose在這三個詞中是最常用的,可以表示進行一般的“選擇”,有時也可以表示“決擇”,它較側重意志和判斷。
select和pickout 而select和pick out通常指在三者或三者以上中作出選擇。
select比 pick out 更為正式,select通常指經過慎重考慮而作出的選擇select和choose有時可以通用,主要不同在于:choose往往指以個人的好惡或對個人是否合適為標準來“選擇”,而select則更加強調被“選擇”的事物在客觀上的優劣。
choose有“選定之后就要堅持從事”的意思,而select則沒有此意,例如在選擇一生的職業、事業及愛人等時,只能用choose而不能用select。
choose一般指在兩者之間作出選擇,有時也可指在三者之間作出選擇。
The samples are for you to choose from.這些樣品供你挑選。
Most of the delegates to the conference are selected from model workers.出席大會的大多數人是從工人模范中挑選出來的。
The couples decide to choose gardening as their profession.這對夫婦決定選擇園藝作為他們的職業。
Mary spent three hours picking out a red skirt at the store.瑪麗花了三個小時在店里挑了一條紅裙子。
energy, force, power, strength, vigor, might
這組詞都有“力”的意思。
energy
有“力,力量,精力”之意,原是物理學用語,其含義是“能”的意思,用于人時,指人的能力、精力。
force
有“力,力量”和“勢力,武力”之意,指運用或發揮出來的力量,著重“力”產生的效果,即使人或物克服阻力,按要求的方向運動,達到一定目的。
power
有“力量,能力,權力”之意,含義廣泛,可指內存的或外來的、具體的或抽象的力,可引申為“勢力,政權”。
strength
有“力量,體力”之意,指人或物內部存在的力量,除指人身體的力氣外,還可指感情、意志、記憶、判斷等能力,指物時可指法律、風俗、文筆以及輿論等的力量。該詞一般做不可數名詞。
vigor
有“活力,力量”之意,側重生命的活力或生命本身內在的力量,可指“精力,干勁”等,是不可數名詞。
might
有“力量,威力”之意,指強有力的、強大的、超人的力量,是不可數名詞。
The work took me a lot of energy.這工作花費了我很多精力。
The old man pulled the wagon with all his force.老人用盡全力拉貨車。
The man has strong desire for power.這人渴望擁有權力。
These two boys are equal in strength.這兩個男孩力氣相等。
It is patriotism that gives the vigor of her writings.是愛國主義精神使她的作品充滿生命力。
She worked with all her might.她竭盡全力地工作。