第一篇：考研英語寫作學習

王江濤：2011考研寫作必考話題

摘要：

考研重點：圖畫作文，英語二的重點是圖表作文

考研英語寫作學習

步驟

一、背誦：滾瓜爛熟！脫口而出！多多益善

背什么？——20大必背范文（10篇小作文、10篇大作文）

現(xiàn)在考研有強烈的反模板傾向。

例如圖畫作文，第一段必須描述圖畫，否則扣7分。

步驟

二、默寫：仔細對比原文，發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作弱點

默寫后用紅筆對比原文，發(fā)現(xiàn)的拼寫、語法、標點的錯誤，這些就是你寫作的弱點。為什么考生得不到高分？——錯誤太多

默寫的作業(yè)在考前再次總結錯誤

默寫程度：小作文8分鐘100詞，大作文15分鐘200詞。

步驟

三、仿寫：提高考研英語寫作實力

模仿背過的文章、利用里面的表達寫一篇另外的文章

方法：基礎較好的——重新排列組合；

基礎一般的——改一個詞或者一句話

二、考研英語寫作六大必考話題

概述

考研重點：圖畫作文，英語二的重點是圖表作文

2011年小作文：二選一，大綱中提到的題型如下：

1、書信、報告、備忘錄（書信類應用文）——05年到10年考的都是書信類

2、摘要 小作文三種題型：書信類應用文、告示、摘要

出題規(guī)律：反押題、逆向思維

大作文：英語一70%考圖畫作文30%考圖表、情景、提綱作文；英語二相反

考研寫作六大話題：

考研作文熱點：次熱門話題

★健康：考過兩次——96年提綱作文、97年圖表作文

★兩代關系：考過3次——92年（代溝問題）、03年（溫室花朵經不起風雨）、05年（養(yǎng)老足球賽）

★愛心：考過3次——95年（希望工程）、01年（希望是一盞燈）、06年小作文（給希望工程寫信請求捐款）

★環(huán)境：考過3次——99年圖表作文（保護野生動物）、2000年圖畫作文（保護海洋資源）、09年小作文（限制使用塑料袋）

★青年面對社會：考過4次——03年（溫室花朵經不起風雨）、04年（終點又是新起點）、07年（自信）、08年

★文化：考過5次

1、流行文化：考過3次——93年（電視廣告）、06年（偶像崇拜）、09年（網絡）

2、文化交流、文化融合：考過2次——02年（美國小女孩穿中國服裝）、10年（文化火鍋）

考研名師王江濤答考研常見問題

1.基礎階段的寫作復習時間怎么安排？

回答：能夠現(xiàn)在提出問題的同學一般是比較好學的同學，因為很多考生可能到了11，12月才想起了考研復習中的寫作部分。基礎階段大家最需要做的工作是背單詞，尤其是基礎不太好的同學，所以現(xiàn)在每天應該拿出2-3個小時背單詞，如果要是下手寫作的話可以每天拿出半個小時，一般我們建議在早上晨讀，大聲的朗讀背誦歷年的精彩范文，哪怕一天背一段也可以。晨讀是為了培養(yǎng)語感的，所以上了考場你怎么知道你寫的是對的還是錯的就要靠語感來判斷。所以基礎階段每天半個小時去讀讀背背范文，就差不多了。

2.一名藝術生，基礎薄弱，詞匯量少，基本句子都不會，什么時候練作文呢？

回答：如果基礎特別薄弱的話，現(xiàn)在不著急直接下手動筆寫作文，先把詞匯搞定，假如你在9月份之前能把考研詞匯搞定，也是一個巨大的成功，如果詞匯搞不定，當然就不知道該怎么寫了。另外還有一個方法就是通過背文章的同時也可以積累詞匯，比如一篇范文當中200個詞匯，可能很多你不認識，先通過查字典搞清楚意思，所以如果一篇范文能夠背下來，那么里邊的詞匯也就掌握了。如果基礎不太好的話，我推薦一個軟件，叫做新東方背單詞第五版，那個軟件有很多游戲幫你背單詞，比如里邊有一個部分叫考研詞匯，給6個考研詞匯，再給6個中文意思，然后連線，比方說第一次連對了3個，連錯了3個，這個軟件有一個記憶功能，第二次再次打開這個軟件，連詞的題目就會出現(xiàn)，再讓你連。第一次連錯了可以理解，第二次連錯了可以理解，不可能四次五次都連錯了，所以連幾次就連對了。很湊巧，我在寫一本書，就是針對這些基礎薄弱的同學，這本書大概在2010年8月份會上市，陜西師范大學出版社出版，名字叫做“先知道長的考研寫作課”，通過對話的形式告訴大家如果基礎薄弱該怎么復習。我們簡單總結一下，如果你基礎薄弱，最應該做的是把詞匯搞定，通過我們推薦的一個軟件，通過背范文可以擴大詞匯量。

3.平時寫作總是寫一些很膚淺的，對于某個論點平鋪直敘，怎樣才能寫出立意深刻的文章？回答：這個同學明顯已經進入狀態(tài)了，已經開始思考這個問題了，這很好。那么這種情況其實也很常見。怎么去解決？其實每年教育部的考試分析都會公布當年的高分作文，一般就是當年的全國第一名，這些作文就是我們學習的榜樣，這些作文一般都是全國所有的命題專家一致認為代表當年的最高水平的，我們知道全國有很多牛人，來自北大，清華，上外，但是這些作文為什么能成為全國第一是有原因的。所以這些作文你可以去研究，從三個方面去研究這篇范文。第一是語言，用的精彩詞匯和精彩句子；第二個是結構，每段每句話是寫什么的；第三個就是內容，內容就是三個方面，第一個是論點，也就是全文的中心思想，第二個就是論據，文章里有沒有具體的論據，第三個就是論證手段，比如說分類，因果，正反對比這都是論證手段。所以通過一篇范文，可以提高你構思的問題，像剛才這位同學說的，總是平鋪直敘，那你就去研究一下歷年這些全國第一是怎么寫的，從語言，內容，結構三個方面去研究。還有一點就是平時多關注一些社會熱點問題，因為現(xiàn)在考研考察的都是社會熱點問題，像10年考察的文化融合，如果文化這個問題從來沒用關注過當然不太好寫，09年考的是上網成癮的問題，所以平時應該多讀書多看點報紙，比如中國日報，不需要每天都看，哪怕一個月買一份，研究一下。中國日報有一個網站，里面會有一些中英的一些熱點話題的總結。我們可以簡單總結一下，針對這個同學的問題，我們可以研究歷年的高分作文是怎么寫的，第二個就是平時多關注一些熱點話題，通過讀書看報這個問題可以慢慢解決，也不要急于求成，因為這個問題不可能一朝一夕就解決的。

4.很多英文不好，中文意思想到了，英文寫不出來，怎么辦？

回答：這個問題也是我們教學經常遇到的一個問題，就是很多同學中文意思想到了但是英文寫

不出來，這一點其實很正常。因為大家的英文水平和中文水平不是一致的。中文大概是大三大四學生的水平，英文相當于美國小學生初中生的水平，所以上了考場送給大家四個字，簡化構思。包括平時練筆的時候，中文構思要盡量簡化，不要動不動就想一個成語俗語，你是翻譯不出來的，你就想一下小學的時候，比如小學一年級，語文作文寫什么句子，上了考場你就想這樣的中文意思，然后翻譯過來。其實大家中學學的詞匯足夠你用了，你發(fā)現(xiàn)很多全國第一，高分作文全是中學詞匯為主。寫作不再使用難詞了。另外還有一個小技巧，就是可以選擇上義詞，就是這個詞不會，你選擇一個詞包括這個詞的含義，但是含義比它廣，比如想到“有價值的”你不會寫，你想一個“重要的”，“重要的”就包括了“有價值的”，是“有價值的”上義詞。我們簡單總結一下，假設你中文意思不會表達，第一個簡化構思，想一些特別簡單的中文句子，第二個就是可以選擇上義詞，這些詞比較簡單，學過，就可以了。

5.看到作文題目不知道該如何下手，怎樣確定一個寫作思路呢？

回答：根據最新的大綱，目前考研寫作有一個難點就是審題，審題就是為難你的，你作為一個研究生，如果連漫畫都看不懂還怎么做研究？怎么練習審題？可以使用歷年的考題，尤其是從98年到10年，這13年考題，里面有12年都是圖畫作文，我們知道大部分同學考英語

（一），重點是圖畫作文，英語二重點是圖表作文，這12年的圖畫你自己先不要看范文，自己先分析它，比如這個圖畫的主題是什么，第一段怎么去描述，第二段怎么去分析，第三段怎么去發(fā)表評論，或者說你真的用心的話可以先把這道題目寫一遍，如果基礎不好實在寫不出來，能不能寫一篇關于這道題目的中文作文，比如寫200個詞，寫完之后可以對照一下比較精彩的范文，或者高分作文去研究這個高分作文是怎么寫的，這個需要逐漸的去訓練。另外，其實考研寫作有固定的思路，比如每段應該寫什么，像書信，一般我們講就寫7句話，第一段2句左右，第二段3句左右，第三段2句左右。大作文只要寫12句左右，第一段3句，第二段5句左右，第三段4句左右。像圖畫作文，第一段應該是圖畫描述，第一句話一般是總體描述，第二句話細節(jié)描述，第三句話寫文字說明和象征意義，所以每句話寫什么其實都是固定的。英文寫作是一種弱智的八股文，結構是固定的，有同學會有這個問題，說“老師，既然這樣，我們的結構不都一樣了嗎？”結構本來就是一樣的，英文寫作邏輯很嚴謹，和中文寫作截然相反，每句話都應該有邏輯關系的。我們簡單總結一下這個同學的問題啊，就是如果你無從下筆，可以做兩個工作，第一個就是去研究歷年的真題，自己先動筆寫一下，或者先構思一下，再去看精彩范文，去了解差異。第二個就是要了解考研寫作的寫作思路，就是固定的模式，是有固定結構的，通過慢慢的積累，這個問題也可以得到解決。（10：12）

6.現(xiàn)在很多同學都開始注意到開頭和結尾都非常重要，那我們在寫這兩部分的時候有什么技巧？

回答：是有的，我們在新東方在線有這樣的考研課程，不管是基礎班，強化班和沖刺班都會詳細的講。因為今天時間有限，我們簡單提一下，這個同學可能指的是大作文，我們知道大作文一般是圖畫作文，那么開頭第一段一般是圖畫描述，簡要描述圖畫，剛才我也提到了這個問題，如果不描述圖畫直接扣7分，因為每點提綱各占1/3的分數，各占7分，那么第一句話一般是總體描述，總體描述一般是人物+動作+環(huán)境，前半句可以使用萬能句型，比如“如圖所示”，但是后半句要現(xiàn)場發(fā)揮，大家思考一下判卷老師重視的是前半句還是后半句？當然是后半句了。那么如果沒有人物，你寫動物也可以，就比如98年是一只母雞，如果沒有動物你寫事物也可以，像10年是火鍋，環(huán)境如果不會寫可以不寫，至少應該寫人物加動作，或者事物加動作，10作文應該這樣寫，“如圖所示，一只火鍋正在沸騰，”這就是事物加動作，或者“如圖所示，一只火鍋包含多元文化因素，”第二句話去細節(jié)描述，也就是挖掘細節(jié)詞，串聯(lián)成句，細節(jié)詞挖掘的越多越好，如10年，“儒佛道，人禮，啟蒙，后現(xiàn)代，”等17個名詞，這17個名詞中真正的超綱詞匯其實沒有幾個，大部分詞匯都不超綱，雖然大綱里可能沒有，但是大綱有一個附錄3，里面提供了62個前綴和54個后綴，這些詞綴

放在任何一個考研大綱詞匯前后，形成的新詞不叫超綱詞匯，所以考研詞匯永遠不止5500，怎么也應該有7000-8000左右，那么這些詞匯“儒佛道”沒必要全部去描述，但是你描述的越多，證明你水平越高，而且老師最重視的段落就是第一段，第一段可以看出你水平的高低，第一段的第三句話可以點出這個圖畫的文字說明，比如10年作文，文化火鍋既美味又營養(yǎng)，你說文化火鍋既美味又營養(yǎng)，如果沒有文字說明你可以點出圖畫的象征意義。像07年沒有文字說明，比如說這個圖畫的象征意義是自信，所以第一段我們簡單總結一下，寫三句話，第一句總體描述，第二句細節(jié)描述，第三句文字說明或者象征寓意。那么結尾也就是最后一段一般是給出自己的評論，你可以寫成歸納結論，也可以寫成建議措施，一般寫4句話左右，第一句話就是結論句，結論句要求呼應象征寓意，像10年作文的象征寓意就是文化融合對世界有好處，那么第三段第一句你說因此我認為我們應該大力促進文化融合，這就是結論句。中間兩句話寫兩句評論，或者提兩點建議。比如第一個建議我們應該保存珍惜民族文化，第二個建議我們應該對世界文化取其精華去其糟粕，最后一句話我們應該是包裝結尾展望未來，我們講過三大優(yōu)秀句型，倒裝，強調，虛擬，最后找一個放在結尾句。簡單總結一下，結尾第三段一般也是三句話，三個部分，結論句第一句，中間兩句評論或兩點建議，最后來一個小結。當然如果你去關注我們的網絡課堂，有更詳細的講解，確實是有技巧的，要用心去研究。

7.想不起來該用 的英語怎么說？

回答：其實剛剛在回答另外一個問題的時候我們順便提到了這個問題，想到中文意思不知道該怎么表達。這個同學說想到一個詞不知道用英語怎么說，還是那兩點，我們在重復一下，第一個就是簡化構思，不要想成語，不要想唐詩宋詞，這你肯定不知道怎么說。你把這個詞簡化，比如有同學想到“齊心協(xié)力”，你不會說，你可以寫“合作”，合作不會寫可以寫互相幫助，不要折磨自己，另外可以選擇一個上義詞，這個詞匯你不會寫，選擇一個簡單的詞匯，比如說眾志成城，上義詞還是互相幫助，所以跟剛剛的那個是一個問題，就是一個詞如果英文不會寫，你可以先簡化構思，其次選擇一個上義詞，大家如果有興趣的話，你去看一下朗文詞典，朗文詞典使用了2000個中學詞匯，解釋了世界上幾十萬個詞匯，所以中學詞匯用好了足夠你取得考研寫作的滿分了。這個問題也不用太緊張。

8.文章中長句子越多越好嗎？

回答：是這樣的，如果你參加國外考試，像托福雅思等或者參加專四專八，這種要求比較高的考試，應該是以長句為主，長短結合以長句為主，但是參加四六級考研這樣的考試，以短句為主就可以了。考研寫作的原則是長短結合以短為主，短句指的是10個詞左右的句子，長句是指15-20個詞左右的句子。有同學還是不知道怎么去寫，簡化一下，小作文7句話就是4短3長，大作文12句話，就是7短5長，比如08年全國第一只寫了176個詞，里面并沒有使用太長的句子，09年全國第一，寫了299個詞，但是里面也沒有太長的句子。所以到底怎么寫作文，唯一的原則是研究教育部公布的考研高分作文，這是我們學習的榜樣。我們簡單總結一下這個問題就是不以長句為主，上了考場，往往基礎不好的同學句子越長，因為不知道如何斷句。作文好與不好，老師一眼就能看出來，好的作文看起來舒服，證明學時語感比較好。所以第一點我們還是應該做到把它寫對，然后追求難度

9.練習寫作的過程中不知道寫出來的作為是否正確，怎樣自我檢查？

回答：有一個免費批改作文的網站，哪怕你不是我們新東方在線的學員，只要寫了考研作文，你發(fā)到我們網站上提供的郵箱，我們會提供免費的批改，比較詳細。主要是為了幫助大家提高寫作水平。這是第一點。第二點，如果你周圍有英語老師，幫你批改也可以。自己批改很難找到錯誤的。

10.作文題目關注什么的類型？

回答：確實題目越來越靈活了，10年小作文考的是告示，大作文考的文化火鍋，我們新東方在線上會掛一個視頻的講解，小作文針對明年的考試，不管是英語一還是英語二，有三種題型需要關注，第一種是書信類應用文，包括書信，備忘錄和報告，第二種就是告示類應用文，第三種就是摘要，雖然沒有考過，但是大綱提到了，所以針對明年的小作文，有三種題型書信告示和摘要，可能性各占1/3，全面復習，不要押題。針對大作文，如果考英語一，大部分考生，重點是圖畫作文，明年70%考圖畫作文，30%考圖表作文，或者是提綱作文，情景作文，圖畫作文就是漫畫照片，圖表作文就是表格數據，提綱作文就是只有三點提綱，情景作文就是一段話。如果考英語二，70%考圖表作文，30%考圖畫作文，提綱作文或情景作文。題型越來越靈活，對大家的要求越來越高。

王江濤：2011考研作文五步走

對于考研寫作，最基本的要求是考前必須動筆寫出30篇文章，其中十篇應用文，二十篇圖畫作文。注意：動筆寫的文章最好是有范文的題目。根據新東方在線寫作輔導名師王江濤的建議，寫作應分為五步：

NO.1 寫作

寫作寫作，第一步首先是寫！可以拿考題多加練習。

NO.2 仔細對比

第二個就是仔細對比，寫完后對照范文從三個方面去研究：第一個是內容，也就是構思和原文有何區(qū)別；第二個是語言，也就是用詞、用句和原文有何區(qū)別？第三個是結構，就是你的行文思路和原文有什么區(qū)別？這是第二個步驟，寫作的區(qū)別其實就是寫作的弱點。

NO.3 背誦

第三步驟就是背誦：也就是可以去背誦一些范文。有的同學說了，范文我背過了，但是寫作的時候還是不會寫。有兩個原因，第一個原因是你背得不熟，背得結結巴巴，還不如不背；第二個原因是沒有練過，只是死記硬背。所以為什么背了還不會用，有兩個原因，第一背不熟，第二沒有練過。背到什么程度，我們講，有12個字“滾瓜爛熟、脫口而出、多多益善。”要背到不需要去想，不需要去動腦子！如果背一篇文章還需要去想，那就證明還背得不熟。大家上考場，如果能想起平時的70%，那已經是相當不錯了。所以一定要背熟，這就是第三個步驟。

NO.4 默寫

第四個步驟就是默寫：背熟后把書合上，把這篇文章默寫下來。默寫后，做一個工作：仔細對比原文發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作弱點，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你默寫的文章和原文會有一些出入。包括拼寫、語法、標點，這種錯誤就是你寫作的弱點，把這些錯誤用紅筆標出來。大家為什么寫作拿不到高分，根源只有一個——錯誤太多。很多錯誤自己都不知道。

NO.5 仿寫

第五個步驟就是仿寫：什么叫仿寫？就是模仿你背過的文章再寫出一篇新文章。在背完一篇文章后，要想想這篇文章有什么精彩的詞組、詞匯和句型可以使用。然后換一個話題，把這篇作文用一下，用里面詞匯、詞組和句型去構思另一篇文章。

考研作文并不難，關鍵是要掌握好學習方法，按照這五個步驟來準備考研作文，大家一定都會考出好成績的。

第二篇：考研英語寫作必備

考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(一)

中華民族的喜慶節(jié)日(Chinese Festivial)國慶節(jié) National Day

中秋節(jié) Mia-Autumn Festival春節(jié) Spring Festival

元宵節(jié) Lantern Festival兒童節(jié) Children‘s Day

端午節(jié) Dragon Boat Festival婦女節(jié) Women’s Day

潑水節(jié) Water-Splashing Day教師節(jié) Teachers’ Day

五四青年節(jié) Youth Day

考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(二)

中國獨特的傳統(tǒng)飲食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods)

鍋貼 guotie(fried jiaozi)花卷 steamed twisted rolls

套餐 set meal盒飯 box lunch;Chinese take-away米豆腐 rice tofu魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu

米粉 rice noodles餛飩 wonton

火鍋 chafing dish八寶飯 eight-treasure rice pudding粉絲 glass noodles豆腐腦 jellied bean curd冰糖葫蘆 a stick of sugar-coated haws(or apples, etc.)

考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(三)

中國新興事物(Newly Sprouted Things)京九鐵路 Beijing –Kowloon Railway中國電信 China Telecom扶貧工程 Anti-Poverty Project中國移動 China Mobile菜籃子工程 Vegetable Basket Project十五計劃 the 10th Five-Year Plan溫飽工程 Decent-Life Project中國電腦聯(lián)網 Chinanet安居工程 Economy Housing Project三峽工程 the Three Gorges Project掃黃 Porn-Purging Campaign希望工程 Project Hope西部大開發(fā) Go-West Campaign

考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(四)

大陸中國 Mainland Chin鐵飯碗 iron rice bowl

紅寶書 little red book大鍋飯 communal pot

紅色中國 socialist China關系戶 closely-related units四化 Four Modernizations外出打工人員 migrant workers終生職業(yè) job-for-life

關系網 personal nets, closely-knitted guild

五講(講文明、講禮貌、講衛(wèi)生、講秩序、講道德)the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals

四美(心靈美、語言美、行為美、環(huán)境美)the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment

考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(五)

基層監(jiān)督 grass-roots supervision婚紗攝影 bride photo

基礎稅率 base tariff level黑心棉 shoddy cotton

婚介所 matrimonial agency機器閱卷 machine scorin

婚外戀 extramarital love

即開型獎券 scratch-open ticket/lottery

集中精力把經濟建設搞上去 go all out for economic development

價格聽證會 public price hearings甲A球隊 Division A Soccer Team家政服務 household management service

加強輿論監(jiān)督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假帳 accounting fraud叫板 challenge;pick a quarrel

矯情 use lame arguments漸進式臺獨 gradual Taiwan independence借調 temporarily transfer

擴大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.擴大內需，刺激消費expand domestic demand and consumption

安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

信息化 information-base ormationization

智力密集型 concentration of brain power knowledge-intensive

外資企業(yè) overseas-funded enterprises下崗職工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel三角債 chain debts

素質教育 education for all-round development

豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects社會治安情況 law-and-order situation民族國家 nation state臺獨 independence of Taiwan臺灣當局 Taiwan authorities臺灣同胞 Taiwan coMPAtriots臺灣是中國領土不可分割的一部分。

Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.西部大開發(fā) Development of the West Regions

可持續(xù)性發(fā)展 sustainable development

風險投資 risk investment通貨緊縮 deflation

擴大內需 to expand domestic demand

計算機輔助教學 computer-assisted instruction(CAI)

網絡空間 cyberspace網上購物 shopping online

虛擬現(xiàn)實 virtual reality應試教育 exam-oriented education網民 netizen(net citizen)學生減負 to reduce study load電腦犯罪 computer crime總裁助理 assistant president電子商務 the e-business綜合治理 comprehensive treatment安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

信息化 information-based;informationization

智力密集型 concentration of brain power;knowledge-intensive

外資企業(yè) overseas-funded enterprises

下崗職工 laid-off workers分流 reposition of redundant personnel下海 plunge into the commercial sea下網 off line

小康之家 well-off family;comfortably-off family

新秀 up-and-coming star, rising star

新新人類 New Human Being;X Generation信息港 info port形象小姐/先生 image representative of a product or a brand

虛擬網 virtual net學生處 students′ affairs division研究生畢業(yè)證/學位證 graduate diploma/graudate degree′sdiploma

搖錢樹 cash cow以人為本 people oriented;people foremost義務教育 compulsory education易拉罐 pop can

應試教育 examination-oriented education system

考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(六)

The classification for the commodities

1.frozen food 速凍食品 5.personal-care supplies 個人護理用品

2.dairy products 牛產品6.toys 玩具

3.packaged foods 包裝食品7.car-care products 汽車護理用品

4.cleaning supplies 清潔用品8.yard-care products 庭院護理用品

考研英語：寫作必備詞匯(七)

Different stores

1.Convienience store便利店2.Grocery store小賣部

3.Supermarke超市4.Drug store藥店

5.Department store商場6.Discount store打折店

7.Factory outlets廠家直銷點8.Specialty shop專賣店

9.Shopping mall/shopping center購物中心

Houshold department

dish 碟子silverware 銀器cooking utensils 廚具

pots 壺pans 鍋

第三篇：考研英語寫作

高分范文展示：

The global economy, who is sleeping over that stretcher, like a helpless-sick wreck, is being practiced emergency treatment by worldwidebanking systems, which are trying their best to save the market intensively by cooperation.Conspicuously, that’s a horrible depiction related to/concerning the the world.the top of the list which should never be overlooked.First of all, , as the case of would make its comeback every 10-30 years on the average, so would this time.Furthermore, the overestimation of economic prosperityhas resulted in a great multitude of foams/bubbles in the securities and the realties.gues, who made use of installment policy to speculate in real estate industry, thus, only spending 30% of totally-needed funds in possessing 3 apartments, with the aggregate price over RMB 2 million.Actually, it is not the Day of Judgment.What we are glad to see is the keyword – “cooperation”and we will surely get through this tough period before long.好句寫法：把句子拉長→加修飾：

(1)n.+ who/which/that… 加從句

e.g.Many peopletakeseriously the lifestyle of chasing for luxuries.那些把一個人擁有財產的數量當作評判其社會地位的唯一標準的人們，會很重視追逐奢侈品的生活方式。

(2)n./句子結尾 + v.-ed(en)(被動)/ v.-ing(主動)加分詞（定語后置）

e.g.youngsters, ranging from/who range from 20 to 30 years old ranging fromwith研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，和十年前的5%相比，現(xiàn)在有近24%的年輕白領表示不清楚自己想要什么。

(3)n.+ with + n.(修飾語)加限定詞

e.g.A pretty girl → a girl with an angel-like face and a fairy-like figure

e.g.Nowadays, a lot of riches like buying luxurious autos to show/display their success and existence.當今，很多有錢人喜歡通過買豪車來顯示自己的成功和存在。

→These days, withdefined as the typical marks of 句型模仿：

07 閱讀text3最后一段：

From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholescale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.* Looks far less like… a good deal more like… 看起來不像是……而更像是……

模仿→05大作文：養(yǎng)老足球賽

From our conscientious and clear-minded perspective, much of this behavior, undoubtedly, looks far less like like a 依據我們的良知，毫無疑問，大多數這種行為并不能提供合理分配贍養(yǎng)老人義務的機會，相反，它更像是一種加劇中華傳統(tǒng)美德“尊老愛幼”走向大規(guī)模衰敗的危險行為

大作文——開頭what、中間why/effect、結尾how

What——虛開頭（首段首句）

(1)坊間流傳多年的所謂經典套話

As can be seen in the picture given above…

→ Asgiven above…

e.g.悲觀樂觀 man, passion-sufficient and energy-continuous, is climbing upon a ladder to reach to his shining blue print.(2)直接描述

e.g.12002年作文：美國女孩穿著中國傳統(tǒng)服飾

There is a beautiful American girl, who is standing over there in a Chinese traditional costume, smiling just like a flower.a Chinese traditional costume.e.g.2 2010年作文：文化“火鍋”，既美味又營養(yǎng)

those dishes and cooking ingredients in a Chinese traditional hot-pot, including e.g.2012年作文：悲觀樂觀 What——[描述+寬泛、宏觀的點評]（首段第二句）

It is aa significant information that 主題has been in the spotlight in current society主題 has aroused wide concern at any corner of our social consensus.e.g.家庭成員關系 * 首段第二句和第二段首句應該有一定層次感，首段第二句提出一個觀點/現(xiàn)象，第二段首句再將其具體化/細節(jié)化，直擊中心。

Why/Effect——實開頭：（主題句）+ 原因/影響（內部：自身 / 外部：社會、媒體）+ 例子

(1)主題句：

Among the topic concerning主題（抽象）, as the depiction/picture shows, the most cardinal tip is related to the issue of主旨中心思想（具體）.e.g.家庭關系

Among the topic concerning the depiction shows, the most e.g.出國留學人數/考研人數/公務員人數(2)引出原因

Several factors could weigh heavily for the happening of ____, yet, suspended at the top of the list are the following two aspects.To begin with, _____.Additionally, _____.e.g.中國傳統(tǒng)文化/美德的缺失(3)引出影響

It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the revolutionary influences(that)the 現(xiàn)象 gives rise

to.To begin with, … Apart from… ,* 表示導致的短語：Contribute to Result in/trigger/induce/spell/invite

* 表示原因：inducement/incentive

e.g.人人考公務員 result in.To begin with, … Apart from … , * Apart from用法：Apart from(mentioned above), …(new information)= Besides, … , Google could owe its success to the brilliance of its founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page.* 表示歸因于：owe/ascribe/attribute… to …

(4)舉例子

A good case blowing my mind now is 人/物, who/which …

e.g.慈善/真正的成功

A good case blowing my mind now is a world well-known man, whose name is Bill Gates, industry after his retirement.* 例子不能單獨提出，例子前面要有一個論點，或者在例子后面要有一個點評和結論，這樣才是一個完整的舉例（名人名言也同理）。

How——提出建議（Suggestion）：規(guī)則、思想、行為

(1)制定規(guī)則：

Lay down/Establish the effective/reliable/available/practical regulations to …呼應主題.（敬老）（保護環(huán)境）（留學）

(2)改變思想：

Deliver the moderate 主題詞 outlook to guide us both physically and mentally.e.g.Deliver the moderate outlook to guide us both physically and mentally.成功觀/生活觀/物質觀/世界觀/知識觀/能源觀

(3)規(guī)范行為：

Exert/Implement/Practice the rational 主題詞 manners to live in a much more harmonious/compatible atmosphere/circumstance.circumstance.(4)補充說明方法：名人名言（適用于最后一段提完建議之后）

萬能套話：

As a classic saying goes,千里之行，始于足下

應用：提完建議之后

Yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggerationthat depending on the lack of 主題詞, many citizens/youths would have immersed in such an extreme condition for a long time.Does it have opportunities for us to make achange ? / Is it possible to make a change? Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely handle/optimize/refrain from … as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.養(yǎng)老 Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely refrain from as long as the above mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.e.g.奢侈浪費

Yet, it is very probable to say without any exaggeration that depending on the lack time.Does it have opportunities for us to make a change? Actually, as a classic saying goes, “a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step”.We will surely mentioned proposals would be implemented immediately.特別講解：主體段落的展開（第二段）

(1)單向話題：要么褒，要么貶

原因展開：

The factors contributing to… are vastly complex.Some attribute it to ….Others place the blame on / Others place the high value on ….Still the rest complain of/ attach importance to …

e.g.為什么很多年輕人最終會抽煙

The factors contributing to a big rise in are vastly complex.Some attribute it to(2)雙向話題

e.g.中國傳統(tǒng)風俗習慣的改變是好還是壞

According to my humble perspective, every sword is double-edged.is both positive and negative.To begin with, it goes without denying that the new-changed customs and habits have distinct advantages.On one hand, they On the other hand, they eliminate “culture gap” to Although / Whilebidding farewell to the bygones enjoys considerable merits, it still have their own drawbacks when the following point is taken into account.A good case coming to my mind now isof the Chinese virtues – raising seniors.After all, * 舉例子的時候，要實現(xiàn)從手段到效果的跨越（我們要怎么做來達到什么效果）

小作文——Simplified（簡明扼要）字數：100-120

* 大作文的套話和模板不能用在小作文中！

* 小作文寫作時必須覆蓋每個題目要求的要點

(1)Letter——郵件、信件：生活化/接地氣

a)邀請信

學術邀請（充滿敬意）：

開頭：正式邀請（含參會時間和主題）

主體：介紹會議安排

結尾：希望得到正式回復，并確認

Dear Professor ___,It is my great honor to extend you our sincere invitation of an academic forum held on 具體時間 in/at 地點,which focuses on the topic of主題

The forum mentioned above will be arranged as followings.Firstly at 8 a.m.will start the 主題involves.Afterwards, there will be another arrangement, including ___.Then at around 時間, 另一個安排.I really hope you can make it.If it is possible, I would like to ask you for sending me your bank

account, and I’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the deposit.最后期限.落款

范文：

Dear Professor Liu,It is my great honor to extend you my sincere invitation of an academic forum held on Jan.1 in The Nation’s Theatre, which focuses on the topic of Chinese traditional culture.The forum mentioned above will be arranged as followings.Firstly at 8 a.m.will start the opening of the forum, which involves a brief presentation with regard to the prospects as well as plights thatthe promotion of Chinese culture may encounter.Afterwards, there will be another arrangement concerning a micro-movie of the cultural relic exhibition, which will last 15 minutes.Then at 9 to 11 o’clock, you would be highly expected to present us a lecture named “World Needs China”.I really hope you can make it.If it is possible, I would like to ask you for sending me your bank account, and I’ll pay you 40 percent of the total lecture fees as the deposit.Reply, if you please before next weekend.Li Ming,The Supervisor of XXX

b)申請信

學校組織社團評優(yōu)，要寫申請。你是學校創(chuàng)新社（Innovation Agency）的負責人，請你代表你們社參與評優(yōu)，寫一封申請信。

范文：

Dear Sir or Madame,Innovation Agency – “Most Improved Organization Award”.private tools’ rebuilding the living.building to make it accessible/easy to wheelchairs..Yours faithfully,Li Ming

c)回復投訴信（對別人投訴的回復和安撫）：承擔責任，嘗試挽回

有人投訴你負責的勤工助學中心某學生表現(xiàn)糟糕，部分原文：

I will not use your temporary staff any more for their disastrous performance.范文：

Dear Sir,temporary administration assistant you received from my organization,.We really care about our clients and that is why we will try to give some explanation about what happened.candidate training.work for you.Yours faithfully,Li Mingd)銷售信（空格處填入產品名）

Last year, we achieved a 215% increase in the sales of our ______.We believe that this happy state of affairs be attributed to two causes.First, we managed to avoid passing on any part of our increased manufacturing costs to our majestic clients.Second, we believe our designs and colors are the most attractive that we have ever produced.And so we are happy to be able to tell you that our new season’s ____ are, if anything, more persuasive than last year’s and our prices will compare very favorably with those of any of our competitors.We believe that your will agree that our samples prove the truth of our claims.We look forward for you to favor us an order.e)現(xiàn)場筆錄證明

You’ve come across a serious crash last night when a taxi heavily knocked down a passerby.Now the police asked you to offer a certificate of witness involving following points:

1.The time and place

2.The process of this emergency

Witness on a Crash

It was 時間 in a 星期 night, 日期, when I was about to enjoy my late snack a first aid to the young and phoned ambulance at once.Signature:Li Ming

(2)Notice——通知、告示

a)失物招領（Lost and Found）：信息要有所保留，不能全部透露

Case: You’ve picked up an ED（電子辭典）

1.Time and place

2.The feature of this electronic dictionary（留一個最大特征來核實對方身份）

3.Your information for contact

Lost and Found

On the evening of 日期regular magazine.of this ED the phone number Sincerely yours,Li Ming

第四篇：2013考研英語寫作

應用文

滿分策略：

3.1信函寫作：稱呼、正文、落款 第一步：審題—判斷是個人書信&事務公函

決定：

語域使用：正式:使用禮貌表達,不用縮略語（對公）

半正式: 可以使用縮略和口語表達（對私）

非正式:（一般不考）——It depends 呼語: 特定的寫信對象：Dear XX;不明確收信人：Dear Sir/Madam, or To Whom It May Concern，3.1.2正文 三段（8句）：寫作目的段、細化段、感謝或者期待。各種信函內容安排

建議信：2007年及2009年Part A真題及解析： 基本結構：

Dear?/To Whom It May Concern, 第一段：寫信目的，自我介紹,贊揚在先,仍需改進。第二段：建議細節(jié)。

第三段：期望改進,表示感謝。

Yours sincerely，Li Ming 2007年Part A 真題及解析（建議信）：

Directions: Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.To Whom It May Concern, I am a student in this university who regularly comes to the library to spend my spare time.Generally speaking, the services you offer here are quite good;however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt.And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.To begin with, will you please prolong the time for reading? In the daytime, most of the students are having classes, so they can’t come to the library.Moreover, some of the books on shelves are out of date.If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines, we will be very pleased.I really wish to have a more comfortable library.Thank you for your time and consideration.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

建議信框架：

Dear XX/To Whom It May Concern, I am xxx who?.Generally speaking, the services you offer here are quite good;however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt.To begin with,?建議一； Moreover, ?建議二。

Thank you for your time and consideration.And I would like to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 投訴信

與投訴信比較：仍然以提建議為主,無需贊揚,直接表明寫信目的—即提建議,最后無需感謝,只需表示期待改進。

基本結構：

第一段： 自我介紹，陳述事由，提出建議。

第二段：投訴細節(jié)（補救細節(jié)）。第三段：期待改進。投訴信框架：

Dear XX/To Whom It May Concern, I am xxx who?.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about?（投訴信）。具體事由。To improve the situation, it is advisable for you to take the following measures。

To begin with,?細節(jié)一； Moreover, ?細節(jié)二。

We trust that you will now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind

Yours sincerely, Li Ming 致歉信：2008PartA真題及解析 基本結構和常用句型：

Dear?, 第一段：表明寫信目的：道歉，闡述道歉原因, 第二段：提出解決方法。

第三段：再次道歉。

Sincerely yours, Li Ming 2008 Part A 真題及解析（致歉信）： Directions: You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there.Write him a letter to 1)make an apology, and 2)suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the den of the letter.Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.解析

Dear Bob, I am writing to express my apology to you.Several days ago, I borrowed your music CD when I lived in your house.Unfortunately, after I came back from Canada, I found it in my luggage.Was in such a hurry that I forgot to return it to you.I will send it to you by post of expose as soon as possible.If necessary, I will compensate for any troubles it may cause.Once again, I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please accept my apologies.Sincerely yours, Li Ming 道歉信框架： Dear xx, I am writing to apologize to you for my failing to ?.道歉理由。

Excuse me for my carelessness in making such a mess.To make up for the inconvenience caused, I would like to...補償一。補償二。

Once again, I feel so sorry for any inconvenience caused.Please accept my apologies.Sincerely yours, Li Ming

辭職信：2005年Part A真題及解析（辭職信）： 基本結構： Dear?，Yours sincerely, Li Ming 2005年part a 真題及解析（辭職信）： Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine design and fashion.but now you find that the work is not what you expected.You decide to quit.Write a letter to your boss, Mr.Wang, Telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.Write your letter with no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter;use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address.Dear Mr.Wang, I am writing this letter to apologize that I will quit the position as an editor of your magazine for the reason of myself.Two months ago, I was accepted by the design and fashions as a member of it.I was deeply impressed by the kindness, diligence of all staff members around me.But during the span of working here, I have come to realize that the job probably is not suitable for me because I want a more peaceful life, such as a teacher.And you know that I am not an outgoing girl.I find that I am not able to devote all my efforts to a job which I do not really like.So I am awfully sorry to tell you my decision to quit.Please accept my apology.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 辭職信框架 Dear XX，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

慰問信： 基本結構： Dear?，Yours sincerely, Li Ming 范文解析： Dear Li Gang, I was really shocked and saddened to hear of your unhappy experience in the earthquake.There is little that anyone can say or do at a time like this to ease your grief, but I would express my deepest sympathy.In the next day or so you will receive a little package from me.I hope you like it, and that it will be useful at your present moment.What’s more, please don’t hesitate to contact me if there is anything else I can do now and always.I do hope you will soon get well again and be able to come back to school.Be assured of my availability and eagerness to help in any way I can.Yours sincerely，Li Ming 慰問信框架 Dear XX，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

Dear XX，Yours sincerely, Li Ming Li Ming 祝賀信： 基本結構： Dear?，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

范文解析：

Dear Zhang Jian, I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on your admission to Beijing University as a postgraduate.During the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into your major study.I am delighted that the four years of your study has been rewarded in this way.It is obvious that you will have a promising future in front of you.Congratulations again.I wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life.I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

祝賀信框架

Dear XX, I am just as proud as you can be of you and send my sincerest congratulations on?.During the past four years, you kept improving and devoted yourself into?.I am delighted that the four years of your effort has been rewarded in this way.It is obvious that you will have a promising future in front of you.Congratulations again.I wish you will make great achievement in you future study and life.I am looking forward to hearing more good news in your studies and research work.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 邀請信：

a)基本結構：

Dear?, Yours sincerely, Li Ming 范文解析：

Dear Professor Wang, It is my honor to inform you that there is a “Culture Festival” held in mu school.Would you like to give us an excellent lecture on Psychology in the auditorium of our campus at 6:30 P.M., Sept.13th? Since psychology has caused more and more concerns among the students, and you are an expert in the area, we all expect your acceptance and your wonderful lecture.I very much hope that you will accept the invitation.And I am looking forward to hearing back from you.Yours sincerely, Li Ming b)常用句型：

We are having a farewell party/a gather together/meeting/seminar in(place)on(date)at(time).Would you like to come?(不太正式)

It is my honor to inform you that there is an academic meeting in(place)on(date)at(time).We would be too glad to invite you as?(正式)

I very much hope that you will accept the invitation.And I am looking forward to hearing back from you.感謝信：（重要）

基本結構 Dear?，Yours sincerely, Li Ming

范文解析： Dear Jim, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude.I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi.If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid, I fear that the Consequences might have been much more serious.Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome.Although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish, we see very few people practice what they preach.If there were more people like you, this world would be a much nicer place.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 感謝信框架（重要）

Dear Jim，Yours sincerely, Li Ming 申請信:2006年Part A 真題及解析（申請信&請求信：工作，求學，獎學金）基本結構和常用句型： Dear?, 告知信息來源及寫信目的

突出重點的自我介紹（專業(yè)，學習成績，英語水平，學習能力，性格及合作精神）, 附簡歷, 表示感謝。

Yours sincerely，Li Ming

申請信:其他

2006年Part A真題及解析（申請信&請求信）Directions：

You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area.Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate.You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words.Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.（10points）解析：

To Whom It May Concern, I am writing this letter to you to ask if there is a child in need of financial sponsorship through the Hope Foundation。

I am willing to give financial aid to those children who have not had a chance to receive education in poverty-stricken area.I would like to help two kinds of children：first ,those who do not have a stable source which can cover their education fees, and second, those whose academic performance in school is excellent.I have decided to commit myself to save the necessary financial aid required to accomplish my goal.I have not doubt(There is not doubt)that I meet the criteria required for a sponsor and look forward to hearing from you.Yours sincerely，Li Ming

常用句型：

I learnt from the newspaper that you want an accountant and I would like to apply for the job I am writing to apply for Enclosed is my resume to provide additional information about my undergraduate work.I would appreciate the opportunity to meet with you to discuss further how my qualifications meet the needs of your organization.Thank you for your time and consideration.推薦信

框架

第一段：寫信目的，指出寫信人和被推薦人的關系，第二段：推薦原因（品質，能力，性格等）：多寫優(yōu)點肯定成績。

第三段：總結說明被推薦人值得被推薦（例如能勝任某項工作）。范文

Dear sir/ Madam, It is with great pleasure that I recommend to you Zhang Jian, an outstanding graduate majoring in Business Administration.I have been in charge of Mr.Zhang’s class since they were freshmen, so I know his well.He is courteous, sincere and hardworking.He took several courses in computer science, which strengthened his administration ability.And his excellent communication ability and a good command of English add a lot to his managerial skills.I believe Zhang Jian is the right person for the position as an administrator in your company.I recommend him without reservation and believe you will find him a helpful and responsible staff member.Yours sincerely, Li Ming

詢問信：考研英語大綱樣題應用文部分（詢問信）：

基本結構和常用句型：

Dear ?, 自我介紹,表明寫信目的是咨詢某事。

詢問細節(jié)。

感謝及相關信息。

Yours sincerely, Li Ming 常用句型：

27.I am writing this letter to inquire about ? 28.I want to/would like to know ? 29.I wonder if ?

30.Would it be possible for you to ?? 31.How should I pay for these books?—by cash or by other means? 32.Finally, if I order these books now, when can I get them? How will these books be delivered to my house? 33.I should be grateful if you could give me an early reply.3.2 備忘錄/告示類應用文寫作（Memorandum/Notice）

告示類

標題居中—notice/announcement 日期---標題下一行右側（Jan.7, 2012）

正文：

第一段 通知目的

第二段 具體信息

第三段 聯(lián)系方式、表示歡迎 范文分析

Announcement

Jan.7, 2012 In order to improve students’ ability, the Postgraduate Association is recruiting volunteers for a conference about globalization which will be held in the coming May.To begin with, the volunteers are requested to speak English fluently and are expected to be active and open-minded.Furthermore, the volunteers will be trained for 5 days and therefore the senior students with more free time are preferred.Anyone who is interested with it please contact us, and send your resume to the email address: 123456@163.com

Postgraduate Association memo基本結構： TO: FROM: SUBJECT: DATE:（month day,year）

正文

簽名 模擬題及范文： Directions: You are an active member of the student newspaper.The newspaper is currently looking for journalists for the summer semester.Write a memo that will appear in the newspaper next week describing the position available.Date: August 10,2005 To: All students From: Li Ming

3.3 摘要寫作（Abstract）

This article focuses on the ?.This thesis discuss/analyzes?.This paper provides an overview of ?

This paper presents up-to-date information on ?

第五篇：考研英語寫作

1.圖畫作文

It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(圖畫主題)，which is ______________(進一步的說明)。He seems to be saying that_______________(給出細節(jié))。In my opinion，___________(個人闡述)。

This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群體，如the whole of the human race)。Therefore，it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(問題所在)。One the one hand，we must _________________(建議一)。It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(進一步說明)。On the other hand，________________(建議二)Only in this way can we___________(展望前景)。

2.圖表作文

The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________(圖表主題)。The first thing we notice is that_______________(圖表最大特點)。This means that as __________，_________________(進一步說明)。

We can see from the statistics given that _______________(圖表細節(jié)一)。After ving_________(細節(jié)一中的第一個變化)，the _____Ved+幅度+時間(緊跟著的變化)。The figures also tells us that_________________________(圖表細節(jié)二)。(數據位置，如In the second column)，we can see that ____________accounts for _______(進一步描述)。

Judging from these figures，we can draw the conclusion that___________(結論)。The reason for this，as far as I am concerned is that_____________(給出原因)。/ It is high time that we Ved(發(fā)出倡議)

各位可愛的同學：

考題為應用文寫作，所以要注意：

1.條理清楚，按照下列老師所列每種應用文的格式把內容寫完整。

2.可以先用中文把提綱要求包含的信息都寫下來，再翻譯成英語。這樣可以確保不會把應該包括的信息漏掉。

3.不要寫錯誤的單詞，寧可用簡單易懂的單詞代替，注意卷面清潔和工整。預祝大家都考上心儀的學校，制定好復習計劃，按部就班，調整好心態(tài)好好復習，你的心愿一定能實現(xiàn)，人生該吃苦該拼搏時就要拼搏！各位加油！

一． 祝賀信(Letter of Congratulations)：

祝賀信的寫作與普通信件沒有什么大區(qū)別，但應注意：

1．必須包括對收信人的稱謂。

2．必須包括對收信人的祝賀。

3．必須包括寫信人的姓名。

4．措詞真誠、輕松愉快，切忌言過其實。

Sample:

Dear Guojun，I heard that you graduated with high honors from Southeast University last month.I know that all your family must be very proud of you, and as your friend, I feel the same.I wish you greater and more brilliant success in your studies and work in the future.With best wishes.Yours sincerely，Qi Zi

常用祝賀信用語

1．Warm congratulations on your success in passing the entrance examination to … university.熱烈祝賀你考上了……大學。

2．Please accept our sincere wishes for your…

請接受我們對您……的衷心祝愿。

3．I extend my best wishes for your success.衷心祝愿你成功。

4．May each new year bring you new hope.愿每個新年都給您帶來新的希望。

二、道歉信(Letter of Apology)

Sample:

May 5

Dear Carole，I am very sorry that I missed your phone call yesterday.I shall be at home tomorrow morning.Would you please call me again?

Sincerely yours，Lisa

道歉信常用語句

1．Please accept my sincere apologies.請接受我們誠摯的道歉。

2．Please accept my sincere apologies for the lateness of my birthday greetings.3．

I am sorry I missed your …

對不起，我錯過了你的……

4．I’ve to offer you an apology for not coming to your party.未能參加你的慶祝會，我得向你道歉。

5．Please accept my sincere apologies for…

請接受我對……誠摯的歉意。

Ex.就下述內容寫一封道歉信：

你的一位朋友昨天來看望你，你正巧外出未遇，對此你寫信表示歉意，并約他明天再過來。

May 5

Dear Tom，I am very sorry that I was out when you called on me yesterday.Could you come again tomorrow evening as I have something important to discuss with you?

Sincerely yours，Lisa 更多例子：

1.因未能踐約赴宴致歉 Unable to keep one’s promise

Dear [Miss Nancy]，Much to my regret I was unable to keep my promise to attend your [birthday] party [last Saturday], owing to the fact that my [little son] was suddenly taken ill early [that day].Hoping to see you soon.Truly yours，親愛的[南希小姐]：

[小兒][上周六]突然生病，因此未能應約赴[生日]宴，殊覺抱歉，希原諒，再見。

祝好！

2.因遲復來信致歉 Because of answering one’s letter late

Dear [David]:

I am afraid that you will think me unpardonably negligent in not having answered your letter dated [7, December] sooner, but when I have told you the reason, I trust you will be convinced that the neglect was excusable.When your letter arrived, I was just in [Hong Kong].As my family could not forward it to me during my absence, it has been, therefore, lying on my desk until the moment when I took it up.Now the first thing I have to hasten to do is to write to you these few lines to express my deep regret.I enjoyed many pleasant sights during my trip.I shall be pleased to give you an account to of them when I see you next.Yours，親愛的[戴維]：

請原諒我收到您[12月7日]的來信后遲遲未復，現(xiàn)將原因告訴您，相信您一定會諒解的。您的來信到來時，我正巧在[香港]，家人無法及時轉遞。你的信一直放在我寫字臺上，直到我回到才看見，拖至今天才回信，深表歉意。

這次出去旅行飽覽了許多美麗景色，下次見到您時，將告訴您一切。

祝好！

3.因未能及時還書致歉 Unable to return borrowed book on time

Dear [Kate]:

Excuse me for my long delaying in returning to you your “Robinson Crusoe” which I read through with great interest.I had finished reading the book and was about to return it when [my cousin] came to see me.Never having seen the book, [She] was so interested in it that I had to retain it longer.However, I hope that in view of the additional delight thus afforded by your book, you will overlook my negligence in not returning it sooner.Thanking you again for the loan.Sincerely yours，親愛的[凱特]：

我遲遲未能歸還您的那本《魯濱遜飄流記》，請原諒。該書我讀得津津有味。讀完后，正預備歸還您時，我的[表妹]來訪，見這本書也感興趣，定要借去一讀。為了讓別人也能分享您那本書所給予的樂趣，我不能及時歸還。我想再延遲些日子奉還，諒您不會介意的。

再次感謝您的慷慨。

祝好！

4.因遺失借書致歉 Because of losing a borrowed book

Dear [Frank]:

I am terribly sorry to tell you that I have lost the valuable book you were so kind to lend me [last week].I read it [everyday] and intended to finish it [next month].[Last night] when I came to my room, it was nowhere to be found.I will try to recover it as soon as possible.If I fail to find it, I will get a new book for you.But I am afraid it can never take the place of the old one.Old books are like old friends.Once lost, they can never be replaced.They are connected with cherished associations which the new ones can never have.And for this irrecoverable loss, I am to blame.I was so careless with my things.This is a warning to me to be more careful in the future.Yours truly，親愛的[弗蘭克]：

很抱歉，[上星期]您借給我的那本書竟遺失了。我[每天]都在看，準備[下個月]看完。[昨晚]我回到我的臥室，到處也找不到那本書。我將盡力找到它。萬一找不到，我只好買一本新的還您。

但是，新書恐怕不能代替那本舊書吧！舊書跟舊友一樣，一旦失去就不能再得。舊書與往事相連，這種不可彌補的損失，皆由我起。我對待一切太大意了，這次給我一個警告，叫我以后要小心。

三、慰問信

慰問信應寫得真切，注意措辭，對輕病或者小損失，慰問信應寫得輕松一些。相反，對嚴重病情或重大損失，信就應該寫得深沉一些。慰問信寫時應注意：

1.寫給受傷人的信要簡短，中肯。信中不必問詢事故發(fā)生的過程、原因、見證人等。

2.慰問信中應寫一些被慰問者喜歡或熟悉的事物，如病人的愛好、興趣等，以使病人得到寬慰。

1.向朋友問候 A letter of inquiring after someone’s health

Dear [John]:

I am extremely sorry to hear that your illness, which we had thought was clearing up, has become more serious, and that your have had to go into hospital.Let us hope that it will be for only a very short time, and that you will soon be out and about again.Everybody here sends his best wishes to you for a quick recovery.With kind regards，Yours sincerely，親愛的[約翰]：

聽說你病了，我深感不安。原來我們還以為您的病情有所好轉，事實上卻反而加重，而不得不住進了醫(yī)院。但愿這是短時間的，很快不會恢復健康。這里每個人都祝愿您早日痊愈。

特此問候

2.問候朋友的母親 Inquiring after the health of a friend’s mother

Dear [Mr.Wang]，I felt very sorry indeed when I heard of [your mother]’s illness, and am anxious to know how [she] is of late.Under a separate cover I am sending [her a box of assorted biscuits] with my best regards.Sincerely yours 親愛的[王先生]：

聽說您的母親身體欠安，深表憂慮。不知令堂近況如何，實為惦念。隨信另寄上[什錦餅干一盒]，并致以最良好的問候。

您忠誠的

[吳洋]

3.祝賀朋友病愈 Congratulations on someone’s recovery

Dear [Jane]:

I learn, with very great pleasure, that the illness which has so cruelly caused great anxiety among your relatives and all those who know you has changed for the better and that you are now recovering, for which I therefore desire to congratulate you warmly.I hope that you will soon be completely restored to health.Yours sincerely

親愛的[簡]：

在您患病的這一期間內，親戚朋友無不為你掛慮，聽到你的病已有好轉，并已逐漸痊愈，十分快慰，特地向你祝賀。

望你早日完全痊愈。

4.慰問喪偶的朋友 A letter of inquiring to those who lost their husband or wife

Dear [Mrs.Harper]，I would like to express my sorrow at the recent death of your [husband].In the long time it was my privilege to enjoy [Professor of Harper]’s friendship.I found [him] a sincere and helpful associate, with whom it was a pleasure [to work].The knowledge that my thoughts are with you at his time will, I hope, be of some comfort to you.Truly yours

親愛的[哈珀女士]：

獲悉你的[丈夫]最近逝世的消息，深表遺憾。

長期以來，能與[哈珀教授]保持友誼是我的榮幸。[哈珀教授]是一位我最樂于與其一道[工作]的忠實而有幫助的朋友。

但愿我此時的問候，能給您帶來一些安慰。

四、傳真

傳真是通過傳真機傳遞的信函，大多為業(yè)務信函。企事業(yè)單位都有專用的傳真紙，紙上面印有現(xiàn)成的傳真格式，擬發(fā)傳真時按格式填寫即可。下面為一種常見的傳真格式：

發(fā)傳真人單位名稱、地址=電話和傳真號碼、電子郵件網址

TO:(收傳真人單位)

DATE(發(fā)送傳真日期)

ATTN:(Attention, 收傳真部門或個人姓名)

FAX NO:(傳真號)

FROM：(發(fā)傳真部門或個人姓名)

PAGE(S):(所發(fā)傳真頁數)

RE:(Regarding, 傳真內容標題)

(傳真信函)：

稱呼語：

信體：

客套結語：

署名：

五、請求信

Example 1.1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030 July 8, 1995

Dear Sirs，I wish to enroll your intensive English program before I attend a university in the fall of 1996.Your sending me application materials at your earliest convenience will be greatly appreciated.Sincerely yours，Wang Xiaoping

Example 2.Wang Xiaoping

1903 Huashan Road

Shanghai 200030

July 6,1998

Dear Sirs，I want to pursue a Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering at your university.My intended date of entrance is Spring, 1999.Would you please send me the application forms for admission?

Sincerely yours

Wang Xiaoping

六、布告(Announcement)：布告的寫作和便條一樣，也比較簡單。只要注意以下幾點即可：

1．在正文上方的中間位置應該注明布告的性質。2．

正文中簡單明了地說明布告的事宜。3．

正文右下方應該注明發(fā)布告的單位。4．

發(fā)布告的日期可以省略。Sample:

Lost and Found A lady has picked a wrist watch in the shopping center and turned it over to our office.The owner of the wrist watch may come to claim it with his or her identification card.Lost and Found Office

七、(Notice)：英文通知的寫作也可采用不同形式。有的是采用句子的形式予以陳述，而有的則只做以簡單的羅列。一般應注意以下幾點： 1．必須包括notice字樣，而且每個字母都應采用大寫。

2．內容必須包括時間、地點、事宜和通知對象等。表達須準確，措詞也要較正式。

3．必須包括寫通知的個人或者單位的稱謂，而且一般都放在通知的右下腳。

4．必須包括寫通知的日期。

Sample:

NOTICE

May 4, 2003 Mr.Wang, the general manager of Shanghai Golden Palm Computer System Limited Company, will give a lecture on Modern Information Management Model at 6:30 p.m.on March 12.The one-and-a-half-hour lecture will be held in the Multi-media Lecture Room.Students of Information Management are invited to attend the lecture.Information Management Department

Example 擬一張請計算機系的學生于10月5號星期三下午1：30到系會議室聽關于環(huán)境保護報告的通知。

NOTICE

Oct.2, 2004 All students of the Computer Department are requested to meet in the department conference room at 1:30 p.m.on Wednesday, October5, to hear a report on environmental protection.The Computer Department Office

八．便條 基本寫作格式

便條內容和類型不盡相同，可以靈活變通。但各類便條必須包括以下幾個基本要素；1）Date：便條日期2）Salutation：稱呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名

樣例

收條：即收到錢物之后，給交錢或送物人寫張字據，說明已經收到某物，可留作證據。條據上需寫明錢物名稱和數量、立據人及日期。不得涂改。

Jan.23rd,2003Received from Student, Wang Zihao one hundred yuan only for this months tuition fee.Li ManFor the Finance Office ofForeign Language Institute

欠條；留下字據，表示欠某人某物。條據上需寫明錢物名稱和數量、立據人及日期。不得涂改。

Sept.16th, 2002Borrowed from the Foreign Language Department Reference Library three books as follows:A copy of History and Anthology of English Literature by Wu WeirenA copy of A Survey of American Literature by Chang YaoxinA copy of World Literature by Jiang Chengen

Wu Zhuo

For the Office of

Social Science Department

留言：用書面留下要說的話。留言涉及的方面很多，包括約會，通知，請求等任何可用便條留下的口信。

TuesdayDear Li,As the Spring Festival is drawing near, Im very glad to invite you to come to a dinner party with several other friends of ours.Im sure we will have a very happy time and enjoy ourselves thoroughly.Would you like to come on time at 5:00 p.m.today, to Room 6 of Lijing Hotel?

Yours always, Jiayang

請假條：往往指由于生病或特殊情況不能親自當面請假，用假條的形式告假。所以，請假條大多是病假條。可以自寫，也可請他人代寫。寫假條最重要的是說明原因和請假的期限。

Jan.10thDear Ms.Jiang,I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this mornings two periods of English Class due to a bad cold and high fever.Enclosed is a certificate from the doctor who said I must stay in bed for a few days.I will go back to school as soon as I recover.Yours respectfully,Tian Ye

常用句子I shall feel obliged if you will favor me with a call at your earliest convenience.如您方便，請早日來電，我將不勝感激。

Delighted!Will call at 2 p.m.tomorrow.來條收悉，定于明天下午兩點拜訪。

Encl.: Doctors Certificate of Advice.附；醫(yī)生證明I shall be bery happy to call at your house at 6:30 this everying.Until then,...我定于今晚6：30去你家，望等候。

Upon receiving this note, please come to my office.見條后，請立即來我辦公室。

Mr.Li stands in urgent need of your service.李先生急需你的幫助。

I happen to be in urgent need of 200 yuan.我因有急事，需要200元。

Yours note with an admission ticket enclosed is much appreciated.留言和一張入場券均已收到，不勝感激。

Im very grateful to you for your kind invitation, and Im sure to come to see your concert.承蒙邀請觀看你們的音樂會，我一定按時到場。

Please accept this little figt as a small token of my esteen for you.奉上這小小的禮物，以表達我對您的崇高敬意。

結束語I trust my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience.望我的缺席不會給你帶來太大的不便。

Please favor me with an early reply.敬請早復。

Hoping that the matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.希望能及早處理此事。

Please give an extension of leave for three days.請準予續(xù)假三天為盼。

九、簡歷(resume)簡 歷 1 結構要點: 簡歷是個人經歷的書面表達形式，應包含個人信息、教育背景和工作經歷。有時還可包含事業(yè)目標（objective或career objective）、其他經歷（activities）、獲獎情況（awards）和特長（special skills）等。舉例：Suppose you are going to graduate from the university.Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a job.Do not use your own name, using “Li Mei” instead.Sample:

RESUME Personal Data: Name:Li Mei Sex:Female Address: Room 602, Dormitory Building 12,Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, 430021 Date of Birth:June 16, 1983 Place of Birth:Zunyi, Guizhou Telephone:(027)87273548, *** Email:angellimei@gmail.com Hobbies:painting, reading, Internet surfing, dancing Foreign Languages:English Objective: To work as a regional sales representative who is responsible for sales activity and coordination Education:

2002 ~ Present Studying at Wuhan University Bachelor of Arts in finance 1999 ~ 2002 Studying at Zunyi No.1 High School 1996 ~ 1999 Studying at Zunyi No.7 Junior High School Work Experience: None Special Skills and Technical Qualifications:

I am professionally trained in finance and economics.In addition to Mandarin, I can speak, write and read English fluently.I had two parttime jobs in Taiping Company and Zhida company, which helped me gain some sales operation knowledge and sales plan-ning experience

簡 歷

語言注意點: 簡歷忌過長或用詞空泛，提供的信息應有用、如實，編排須整齊有系統(tǒng)。

舉例：Suppose you are Tan Wen, English teacher at Taiyuan Institute of Technology.Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a new job in another city.Sample: Tan Wen Taiyuan Institute of Technology Taiyuan, Shanxi Province telephone:(0351)6523787 Experience 2000 ~ Present Working as a lecturer of English at Taiyuan Institute of Technology Teaching undergraduate(nonEnglish majors)intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, writing Teaching graduate(nonEnglish majors)writing Education 1997 ~ 2000 Studying at Shanghai Teacher's University Master of Arts in American Studies 1993 ~ 1997 Studying at Shanxi University Bachelor of Arts in English Language and Literature 1990 ~ 1993 Studying at Mianyang Senior High School 1987 ~ 1990 Studying at Mianyang No.5 Junior High School Personal Data Sex: Female Date of Birth: June 27, 1976 place of Birth: Mianyang, Sichuan, China Marital Status: Married, without Child Health: Excellent

十、申請信

結構要點申請信是向收信人提出某個請求的信件，包含三個部分： 1． 提出請求； 2． 說明原因； 3． 請求回復并表示感謝。

舉例：Write a letter in about 100 words to apply for a scholarship from a foreign university.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Sir, I wish to apply for admission to your department as a graduate student.I am writing to ask whether it will be possible for you to grant me a full scholarship.I have just graduated from Shanghai University of Finance and Economics and got my bachelors degree last month.During my four years in the university, I have passed all the compulsory courses of study with high marks.Furthermore, I have chosen a wide range of optional courses such as literary, history and public speaking to widen my horizon and sharpen my mind.My father, a professor of English in Nanjing University, has been teaching me English since I was a child.So I believe I will not have any language difficulties while learning in your country.I would be most grateful if my request receives your favorable consideration.Thank you in advance and look forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 語言注意點申請信開篇應點明主題，語言簡練。接著說明做此申請的原因，即自己所具備的申請條件，這一部分需重點明確，論述充分。最后請求回復并表示感謝時，應采用禮貌、誠懇的措辭。

舉例：Write a letter in about 100 words to apply for a membership in a community service team.Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.Dear Sir, I have heard that a service team which aims to help the old and the handicapped will be organized in our community.I am very interested in it and want to join the team.I now study in Tongji University and my parents live here.It is known to all that it is a virtue to help others in need.As a college student, I am eager to do something for the society.Helping others is meaningful in that we not only bring others convenience and strength but also gain pleasure and satisfaction ourselves.Therefore, please allow me to join the team.I will certainly try my best.Yours sincerely, Li Ming