第一篇：2014屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)配套訓(xùn)練：第一部分 英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用 第一節(jié)專題九 定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句 Word版含解析

專題九 定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句

1.(2012·高考大綱卷)That evening，________ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．when

2．(2012·高考天津卷)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ________ help I would never have got this far.A．whoB．whoseC．whomD．which

3．(2012·高考福建卷)The air quality in the city, ________ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.A．thatB．itC．a(chǎn)sD．what

4．(2012·高考福建卷)We promise ________ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A．whoB．whomC．whoeverD．whomever

5．(2012·高考湖南卷)Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn’t matter ________ you have lived there for a short or a long time.A．whyB．howC．whetherD．when

6．(2012·高考浙江卷)I made a promise to myself ________this year，my first year in high school，would be different.A．whetherB．whatC．thatD．how

7．(2012·高考浙江卷)We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A．whyB．whenC．to whomD．on which

8．(2012·高考四川卷)In our class there are 46 students，________ half wear glasses.A．in whomB．in themC．of whomD．of them

9．(2012·高考江西卷)It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office.A．whetherB．whereC．whichD．that

10．(2012·高考安徽卷)A lot of language learning，________has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A．a(chǎn)sB．itC．whichD．this

11．(2012·高考北京卷)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________ he could have expressed it differently.A．whyB．howC．thatD．whether

12．(2012·高考北京卷)When deeply absorbed in work, ________ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．when

13．(2012·高考山東卷)Maria has written two novels，both of ________ have been made into television series.A．themB．thatC．whichD．what

14．(2012·高考山東卷)It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.A．howB．whetherC．whatD．why

15．(2012·高考江蘇卷)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，________ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.A．whichB．whoC．whereD．what

16．(2012·高考重慶卷)Sales director is a position________communication ability is just as

important as sales skills.A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where

17．(2012·高考新課標(biāo)卷)It is by no means clear ________ the president can do to end the strike.A．howB．whichC．thatD．what

18．(2012·高考陜西卷)It is the third time that she has won the race, ________ has surprised us all.A．thatB．whereC．whichD．what

專題九 定語(yǔ)從句和名詞性從句

1．B 考查定語(yǔ)從句，句意：那天晚上，我工作到很晚，因此我將晚些時(shí)候告訴你關(guān)于它更多的一些事情。本題中應(yīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)about與evening在從句中存在著介賓關(guān)系，故判斷該從句是定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)。A項(xiàng)that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，C項(xiàng)what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故B項(xiàng)正確。

2．B 句意：我希望能感謝史密斯教授，沒(méi)有他的幫助，我就不會(huì)取得這樣的成就。考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。

3．C 考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as指代主句內(nèi)容，其它三項(xiàng)無(wú)此用法。句意：這些城市的空氣質(zhì)量在過(guò)去的兩個(gè)月里已經(jīng)得到改善，正如在報(bào)告中所提到的。

4．C 考查名詞性從句。promise后需一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主句，因此B、D錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)句意可知選C。

5．C 句意：村里的每一個(gè)人都很友好，無(wú)論你在這里住的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短都沒(méi)有關(guān)系。本題考查名詞性從句。句首的It是形式主語(yǔ)，此處需要的是一主語(yǔ)從句；根據(jù)句意，此處并不需要“為什么”、“如何”或“什么時(shí)候”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以排除A、B、D，答案選C。

6．C 句意：我對(duì)自己許諾，今年，也是我上高中的第一年將是新的一年。考查同位語(yǔ)從句。故選C。

7．B 句意：我們生活在一個(gè)比以前更能輕松掌握更多信息的時(shí)代。考查定語(yǔ)從句。age指時(shí)間，at/in an age在某時(shí)代，故D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)，所以選B。

8．C 句意：我們班有46名學(xué)生，他們中的一半戴眼鏡。本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故先排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。介詞of可表范圍，故答案為C。

9．D 句意：他突然想起來(lái)他把鑰匙落在辦公室里了。本題考查主語(yǔ)從句。that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句后移，由 it 作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首，由于從句中不缺句子成分，故選D。

10．A 句意：正如所被發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)出現(xiàn)在幼年時(shí)期，因而那時(shí)父母應(yīng)多與孩子交談?？疾閍s非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放句首，也可放句中。

11．C 句意：Jerry并不后悔所給出的評(píng)判，但是感覺(jué)到本可以用另一種方式來(lái)表達(dá)。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句，在賓語(yǔ)從句中，該空只起連接作用并不作成分，且該從句為陳述句，所以選that。

12．B 句意：他過(guò)去經(jīng)常這樣，當(dāng)沉浸于工作時(shí)常常會(huì)達(dá)到廢寢忘食的地步。該題考查which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。________ he often was補(bǔ)充完整為：he often was deeply absorbed in work，故用which來(lái)代指逗號(hào)前面提到的句子內(nèi)容，所以選B。

13．C 句意：Maria已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了兩部小說(shuō)，都被拍成了電視連續(xù)劇。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。both of which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是novels，故選C項(xiàng)。

14．B 句意：在這家商店，你用現(xiàn)金或信用卡付款都沒(méi)關(guān)系。本題考查主語(yǔ)從句，whether與or連用引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，it作形式主語(yǔ)。

15．B 句意：洪水過(guò)后，那個(gè)地區(qū)的人們?cè)馐芰撕芏嗤纯啵毙韪蓛舻乃?，醫(yī)藥和避難所。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句缺主語(yǔ)，故排除where，what，只能指代上面的情境；which，指物。而此處應(yīng)指people，故選who。

16．D 句意：銷售廠長(zhǎng)是一個(gè)交際能力和銷售技能同等重要的一個(gè)職位。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞position在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，“在這個(gè)職位上”交際能力和銷售技能同等重要。

17．D 句意：總統(tǒng)會(huì)采取什么措施來(lái)結(jié)束罷工，現(xiàn)在一點(diǎn)也不明朗。本題考查主語(yǔ)從句。it是形式主語(yǔ)，what引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)，并且what在從句中作do的賓語(yǔ)。故答案為D項(xiàng)。

18．C 句意：這是她第三次在賽跑中獲獎(jiǎng)，這使我們所有人都很驚奇。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句用法。本句先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子It is the third time that she has won the race，故用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，選C。

第二篇：英語(yǔ)高考復(fù)習(xí)---定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)解析

英語(yǔ)高考復(fù)習(xí)---定語(yǔ)從句講解及練習(xí)解析

第一部分:基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

（一）．定語(yǔ)從句概述

定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。如果是一個(gè)句子擔(dān)任定語(yǔ)，那么這個(gè)句子就叫做定語(yǔ)從句，又可稱為形容詞性從句。

定語(yǔ)從句通常修飾某一名詞或代詞，被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的這一名詞或代詞叫先行詞，它位于定語(yǔ)從句之前，定語(yǔ)從句在先行詞后面，應(yīng)盡量緊跟先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句的作用即在于對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行限定說(shuō)明或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

（二）．定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為兩類，關(guān)系代詞（that, which, who, whom, whose）和關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why），引導(dǎo)詞在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，既起連接作用，即連接先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句，更重要的是，它又在定語(yǔ)從句中作一個(gè)成分。

（三）．關(guān)系代詞

1.that 指人，物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)。

This is the photo that I took in the country.He is the singer that I met yesterday.2.which 指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，在非限定定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)，或者代替前句

The film which we saw last night was moving.3.who 指人，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。

The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.The man who you just talked to is Tom.4.whom 指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。

That is the professor whom you want to know.5.whose 指人，物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于先行詞+ ’s, 后接一名詞。

I know the boy whose parents are dead.I don’t like those cities whose roads are dirty.【注】：關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。

（四）．關(guān)系副詞

關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)相當(dāng)于介詞+which，其中which指代先行詞不可以指示整個(gè)句子。

1，when 指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于at/ on/ in/ during which.I’ll never forget the day when(on which)I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.2，where 指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于at/ in / to/ which.This is the school where(at which)I studied.3，why 指原因，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于for which.That’s the real reason why(for which)he was late.第二部分：關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法

（一）關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí), 用that而不用which的情況: 1，先行詞為something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot ，none , few 等不定代詞時(shí)。

My mother was so proud of all that I did 2，先行詞有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修飾時(shí)。

This is the very book that I’m looking for.3，先行詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)(或所修飾)時(shí)。

This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen.When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake.4，the same 修飾先行詞時(shí) , 定語(yǔ)從句要用that 或as引導(dǎo) , 但意義不同。

This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday.(表示相同但并非同一)This is the same knife that I used yesterday.(表示就是那個(gè))5，先行詞既有人又有物時(shí), 只能用that。

Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday 6，There be 后面的定語(yǔ)從句多用that引導(dǎo) , 不用which。

There’s a seat in the corner that is still free.7，句子前面出現(xiàn)了who , which 時(shí) , 后面的定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。

They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before.Who is the man that you were talking about just now ? 8，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句作表語(yǔ)時(shí), 常用that , 而不用which、who。

My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago.Tom isn’t the man that he used to be(二)

關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí), 有時(shí)只用who ,而不用that。

1，先行詞為指人的代詞one , those , the man,以及人稱代詞如he等。

Those who are often late for school should be punished.He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2，先行詞為someone(somebody), no one(nobody), anyone(anybody), everyone

(everybody)。

Anyone who would like to attend the party should come on time.3，先行詞指人時(shí), 如有序數(shù)詞, 最高級(jí), the very , the only ,the last等修飾 , 定語(yǔ) 從句既可用that也可用who引導(dǎo)。

He is the first student who / that worked out the problem.(三)

關(guān)系代詞whose的用法：

1，whose 在從句中作定語(yǔ)，表示“先行詞的…”，既可指人，也可指物。

John is my best friend , whose father is a scientist.The old man lived in the house whose window was broken.The boss , in whose company my father worked , was very friendly to the workers.2，whose 可以轉(zhuǎn)換為of which（物）和of whom（人）。

1)The dictionary whose cover is missing is mine.(劃線部分可改為the cover of which或of which the cover)2)They also invited Mr Wang , whose car was stolen last Sunday.(劃線部分可改為 the car of whom 或 of whom the car)(四)

which的特殊用法：

1，關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 , 有時(shí)不是修飾某個(gè)先行詞 , 而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容。特別注意，非限定定語(yǔ)從句中prep+which 時(shí)，which 只能指代先行詞，不可以指代句子。

1）In China , you sometimes get a hot damp cloth to clean your face and hands , which ,however , is not the custom in western countries.2）Helen often came late , which made the class teacher angry.2，which 有時(shí)可在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ) , 含義上相當(dāng)于指示代詞this / that。

1)He stayed in England for 5 years , during which time he learned English well.2)It may rain hard tomorrow , in which case I won’t go fishing.【注】：

which的這種用法與whose 作定語(yǔ)不同。whose 表示“ 先行詞的… ”。

They’re talking about a film , whose name I have forgotten.3，以介詞結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí) , 可借關(guān)系代詞which把介詞前置。

1）Tomorrow would be Christmas Day , and she had only $ 1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.2）Those poor people had no houses to live in / in which to live.【注】

如果先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞用whom。

I want to find a person to travel to England with / with whom to travel to England.(五)

關(guān)系代詞as的用法：

1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句：

當(dāng)先行詞有such , so , the same等修飾時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞要用as ； as在從句中可作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。

1).I have never seen such a kind girl as she is.2).He is such a good teacher(so good a teacher)as every student respects.比較：He is such a good teacher(so good a teacher)that every student respects him.(此句為such / so … that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)3).Such a student as often studies hard is sure to pass this exam.4).He bought the same bike as I did last week.區(qū)別 that I did last week

2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：

as不修飾某個(gè)先行詞，而是指代主句的全部或部分內(nèi)容，可譯為“這一點(diǎn)，此事；正如”，或不譯。這種從句可位于句首、句中或句尾。常見(jiàn)于

as we all know，as has been said above，as is usual，as is often the case，as everybody can see，as is known to us all等結(jié)構(gòu)。1).He has passed the exam , as is a pleasure to us.2).As we all know , the earth moves around the sun.3).This experiment , as you had expected , succeeded at last.3.，如前所述 , which也可引導(dǎo)這種從句 , 兩者?？苫Q。(非限定性定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)句末且指代前面的主句)1）Those two students are wearing the same clothes , which / as is very interesting.2）They came to the party on time , as / which had been expected.但在以下兩種情況下有區(qū)別 ：

1).as從句可位于句首(或主句前), 而which從句只能在主句后。

As is often the case , we have worked out the production plan.2).關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 如果從句的謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu), 則只能用which。

His father died in a traffic accident , which made us greatly surprised.3）當(dāng)which 在從句中指代的是先行詞而不是主句，只能用which The car, which we saw on the playground, is Mike’s.4）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用which。

Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.5）當(dāng)后置的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)只能用which引導(dǎo)。

He result of the experiment was very good,which we hadn't expected

6）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用which。

Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, the price of which was very reasonable.第三部分：關(guān)系副詞的特殊用法

（一）關(guān)系副詞when , where , why的用法：

1.關(guān)系代詞(which / that)與關(guān)系副詞(when, where, why)的選取方法： A)當(dāng)先行詞是定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選用關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞，并代替先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。

B)如果先行詞不是定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 先行詞前面需要加上一個(gè)介詞才能在從句中作成分的時(shí)候, 選用關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為“介詞 +which”。

1)Do you remember the day which / that we spent in the mountain village ? Do you remember the day when(= on which)we visited the mountain village ? 2)This is the factory which / that we visited last year.This is the factory where(= in which)he worked last year.3)

We don’t believe the reason which / that he gave for his coming late.We don’t know the reason why(= for which)he has changed his mind.2.關(guān)系副詞where的從句還可以修飾point，situation，case，activity , scene , stage等地點(diǎn)意味不明顯的先行詞。關(guān)系副詞when的從句可以修飾occasion , stay等時(shí)間意味不明顯的先行詞。關(guān)系副詞why只修飾reason 這一個(gè)先行詞。

1)Now you can see we’ve come to the point where a change is badly needed.2)Today we’ll discuss some cases where beginners of English fail to use it

properly.3)There are few occasions when my students can’t understand what I teach in class.3.when和where 在少數(shù)情況下可作介詞賓語(yǔ)。

1).The naughty boy was hidden behind the door , from where he saw his mother walking into the house.（where 指代behind the door。不能換為which，因?yàn)閣hich只能指代the door）

2).They went to American three years ago，since when they have lived there.(when指代three years ago。不能換為which，因?yàn)閣hich只能指代three years =and since then)(二)

that在有些句型中可視為關(guān)系副詞：

way后面的定語(yǔ)從句常用that或in which引導(dǎo) , 但可省略。

I don’t like the way(that / in which)you speak to your parents.The way(in which / that)he worked on the problem was wrong.[注]： 如果way在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ), 應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞which / that。

He explained the problem in a way that / which everyone could accept.2.It is(about , high)time that …

(正)是 …… 的時(shí)候了。

that從句中常用一般過(guò)去時(shí), that在口語(yǔ)中可省略。It was high time that we stopped pollution.It is time that you had lunch now.比較There was a time when(during which)we were short of oil.3.This is the first(second ,… last)time that …

(從句中常用完成時(shí)態(tài))

This is / will be the last time that I have come to China.It was the first time that he had been invited to China.第四部分：定語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)要注意的問(wèn)題

(一)關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),要注意從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。.先行詞只有one of 修飾時(shí) , 從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

He is one of the students in our class who have been to Hainan.This is one of the best books that were written by the writer.2.one of 前有the，the only，the very，the first時(shí) , 從句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

Tom is the only / very one of the boys who knows the truth.(二)

定語(yǔ)從句的隔離現(xiàn)象：

定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間有時(shí)會(huì)被狀語(yǔ), 定語(yǔ)或者其他成分隔開(kāi), 要注意找準(zhǔn)先行詞。

The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that village.Is there a restaurant around where we can have lunch ?

(around adv.在周圍)The days are gone when we used foreign oil.(主句謂語(yǔ)較短, 隔開(kāi)先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句)2.定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的后面有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)插入語(yǔ)。

1)

He is the man who I think is fit for the job.2)

---Is that the small town you often refer to ?

---Right , just the one where you know I used to work for years.(三)

定語(yǔ)從句中有時(shí)會(huì)使用倒裝語(yǔ)序：

Three days later , we found an old house , in front of which stood a big tree.Finally they climbed up the mountain , above which appeared a beautiful rainbow.(四)

注意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句和其他從句：.區(qū)別where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。(最明顯的區(qū)別是定語(yǔ)從句一定有先行詞)After the war , a new school was put up where there had once been a theatre.(狀語(yǔ)從句)A new school was put up at the place where there had once been a theatre.(定語(yǔ)從句)2.區(qū)別“介詞+which”的定語(yǔ)從句和“介詞+what”的賓語(yǔ)從句。

1)This is the company in which he worked three years ago.(which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)2)A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.(what賓語(yǔ)從句)3.區(qū)別that的定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

The news that he won the match made us excited.(同位語(yǔ)從句)The news(that)he told us made us very excited.(定語(yǔ)從句)

【注】：同位語(yǔ)從句中that不作句子成分, 但不能省略，去掉that從句仍然完整。定語(yǔ)從句中that是關(guān)系代詞，可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

訓(xùn)練題

1.Robert went to Shanghai in his twenties _________ several years later, he became a company director.A.when

B.where

C.which

D.who 2.The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the boy ________ parents had been killed in an accident.A.whose

B.who

C.with whom

D.his 3.Last week our school put on an English play _____ Jim acted an important part.A.which

B.when

C.where

D.what 4.The boss, _____company Ms.King worked ten years ago, looked down upon women.A.in which

B.in that

C.in whose

D.whose 5.Hangzhou, _______ we paid a visit last spring, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.A.which

B.where

C.to there

D.from which 6.Many people like to chat online, _______, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely.A.which

B.there

C.that

D.where 7.This is an important subject ______ we might argue for a long time.A.about it

B.with which

C.about which

D.with it 8.These old pictures bring to their mind the college days ______ they spent together, ____ life was hard but happy.A.which;when

B.when;which

C.which;which

D.when;when

9.The reason _______ he gave for his second visit to the city was simply ______ he admired the sights here so much.A.why;that

B.why;why

C.which;that

D.which;why 10.A new type of car is on sale on the market, _____ makes it attractive to young people.A.its low price

B.what low price C.the low price of which

D.the low price of it 11.It is in the factory _______ you're going to pay a visit to ______ this kind of computer is made.A./;that

B.where;that

C./;where

D.that;which 12.We are in a difficult situation ________ we don't develop new products, we will end up closing our doors.A.if

B.where

C.if where

D.where if 13.Mr.Wilson has been to many cities in China, ______he thinks, Shanghai has impressed him most.A.with which

B.in which

C.of which

D.on which 14.You can hardly imagine the rate ________ his car has been running on the freeway.A.with which

B.to which

C.at which

D.for which 15.Sometimes our success depends on ______ we are lucky or not and sometimes it depends on the manner ______we conduct our life.A.whether;of which B.whether;in which C.that;by which D.that;for which 16.It's dangerous for you to use a kind of medicine ____________.A.that you are allergic to

B.that is allergic to you

C.which is allergic for you

D.which you are allergic for 17.Such people ________ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the soup he specially made for them, _______ made him upset.A.who;that

B.as;that

C.who;which

D.as;which 18.I often think of the hours _____ I stayed with you, ____ have a great effect on my life.A./;which

B.which;who

C.which;that

D.when;which 19.I shall never forget those days _______ I lived in the city with the workers, ______ has had a great effect on my life.A.which;that

B.which;which

C.when;which

D.when;who 20.This is one of the most exciting football games ________ I have ever seen.A.where

B.that

C.what

D.which 21.We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools _____ we had visited there.A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that 22.The girl _____ we met yesterday is a film star, _____ played the leading role in the film _____we saw last time.A.when;who;which

B.that;that;/

C./;who;/

D.that;that;that 23.It is the second school _______ I used to work at, many teachers of ______ still have a good relation with me.A.which;that

B.where;that

C.that;that

D.that;which 24._______ was known to them, the manager had broken his promise _______ he would give them a rise.A.As;what

B.It;that

C.It;what

D.As;that 25.When you visit his family, you may chat for an hour or so, ________ not even a cup of coffee or a glass of water is offered.A.by this time

B.by which time

C.during this time

D.during which time 26.There are some cases _______ students obviously know the school rules but don't obey them.A.why

B.where

C.as

D.which 27.The expert offered us another piece of advice, _______ of great help to our program.A.I think it is

B.I think which is

C.which I think it is D.which I think is 28.He hid in a nearby palm tree, ______ he could see the patrols searching for him.A.from where

B.from which

C.there

D.which 29.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”

A.that

B.which

C.where

D.what 30.They lost their way in the forest, and _______ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A.it

B.which

C.that

D.what

31._______ medicine works in a human body is a question _______ not everyone can understand fully.A.How;that

B.That;which

C.That;which

D.What;that 32 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _____ I will always

treasure.A.that

B.it

C.one

D.what 33.The book was written in 1946 , ______ the education system has witnessed great changes.A.when

B.during which

C.since then

D.since when 34.Is this hotel_______he stayed last year ?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which 35.Is this the hotel_______he stayed last year ?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which 36..Is it in the hotel_______he stayed last year ?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which 37.Is this hotel_______he complained about?

A.the one

B.that

C.where

D.which

The days are gone

physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A when

B that

C where

D which 39 Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream.A when

B where

C that

D which 40 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______ of course, made all the others upset.A who

B which

C what

D that

定語(yǔ)從句訓(xùn)練題解析

1.【解析】答案為B。where引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾的是Shanghai。句意：Robert二十幾歲時(shí)去了上海，在那里幾年后，他成了一個(gè)公司主管。

2.【解析】答案為A。whose 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the boy。句意：那對(duì)好心的夫婦決定收養(yǎng)那個(gè)父母在事故中死亡的孩子。

3.【解析】答案為C。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。act a part in a play在戲劇中扮演角色。該句中play為先行詞，介詞in后需用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而in which相當(dāng)于where.4.【解析】答案為C。whose company Ms.King worked in是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾boss。本句中介詞in提到關(guān)系代詞前。

5.【解析】答案為B。pay a visit to...參觀 / 游覽（某地），where we paid a visit last spring是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明Hangzhou的情況，其中，where相當(dāng)于to which。

6【解析】答案為D。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞online；where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，意思是“在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上”。as most of them think作插入語(yǔ)。7.【解析】答案為C。argue(with sb.)about / over sth.關(guān)于某事與某人爭(zhēng)吵。本句為包含定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，介詞about提到了關(guān)系代詞前。

8【解析】答案為A。which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾days，因?yàn)閺木渲衧pent是及物動(dòng)詞，所以選which作賓語(yǔ)。when也引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾days，因?yàn)榫渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)完整，所以when在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

9.【解析】答案為C。which在定語(yǔ)從句中作gave的賓語(yǔ);第二空的that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。

10.【解析】答案為C。該句是由which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，which代替先行詞a new type of car，C選項(xiàng)相當(dāng)于whose low price。

11【解析】答案為A。第一空考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞是物，可用that或which,因?yàn)樵趶木渥鱰o 的賓語(yǔ)，that和which可省略；第二空為強(qiáng)調(diào)句的引導(dǎo)詞，只能用that。

12【解析】答案為D。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為situation，表示抽象地點(diǎn)，所以從句要用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)；定語(yǔ)從句中又包含有一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，因此選D。13【解析】答案為C。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可看出是對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查，which指代先行詞cities，of which表示范圍，“在去過(guò)的城市中”。

14【解析】答案為C。“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，at which中的which指代前面的rate，它前面一般加介詞at表示“以……速度”。

15【解析】答案為B。第一空構(gòu)成whether...or not 結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“是否……”；第二空缺定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，該定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表示方式的manner，而表示“以某種方式”用in a manner，所以第二空應(yīng)用in which。16.【解析】答案為A。be allergic to sth.(某人)對(duì)……過(guò)敏,medicine為先行詞,關(guān)系代詞可用that或which。

17【解析】答案為D。此題考查such(...)as結(jié)構(gòu)，這里as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，as在從句中作主語(yǔ)；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

18.【解析】答案為D。______ I stayed with you是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the hours，關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，因此用when。由于第二空引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，所以用which，指代前面整個(gè)主句。

19.【解析】答案為C。第一空用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，先行詞為those days；第二空用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代those days when I

lived...workers。

20.【解析】答案為B。當(dāng)先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞只能用that，不能用which。

21【解析】答案為D。the teachers and the schools是先行詞,包含人和物，用that引導(dǎo)。

22.【解析】答案為C?？疾橐龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞不能用that；關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。

23【解析】答案為D。第一空填that，是因?yàn)橄刃性~用序數(shù)詞修飾；第二空填which，考查“介詞 + which”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。

24【解析】答案為D。本句話的意思為：正如大家所知道的，經(jīng)理違背了他說(shuō)要給他們加工資的諾言。第一空填as，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as用來(lái)代替后一句話的意思；第二個(gè)空后的句子用來(lái)說(shuō)明promise的具體內(nèi)容，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，是同位語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少成分，故選that。25【解析】答案為D。先行詞為an hour or so。本句中during which time引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，意為“在此一小時(shí)左右的時(shí)間內(nèi)”。

26【解析】答案為 B。situation, case和point作先行詞，后跟定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，若這幾個(gè)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，則定語(yǔ)從句常用where引導(dǎo)。

27【解析】答案為D。I think在從句中作插入語(yǔ)，which是定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。28【解析】答案為 A。本題考查from where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，此處from where相當(dāng)于from in a nearby palm tree。句意為：他藏在附近的一顆棕櫚樹(shù)里，從那里可以看到搜查他的巡邏隊(duì)。

29【解析】答案為C。句中的 around 不是介詞，而是副詞，意為“在附近”；其后的 where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用以修飾其前的地點(diǎn)名詞 hospital，句意為：附

近有沒(méi)有一家醫(yī)院，我可以去治我的手傷？

30【解析】答案為D。what made matters worse 是主語(yǔ)從句(注意其后有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was)，相當(dāng)于 the thing that made matters worse。

31【解析】答案為A.。how引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

32【解析】答案為C。此時(shí)，one 是分句的先行詞，同時(shí)one 是 moment 的同位語(yǔ)

33【解析】答案為.D。此時(shí)when 相當(dāng)于 in 1946 , 最簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)法就是 and since then , and since the / this that = which 34【解析】答案為C。where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，并非定語(yǔ)從句；如原句在hotel前加the，則為定語(yǔ)從句；A項(xiàng)改為the one where也正確，可理解為where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾the one。

35【解析】答案為C。where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾the hotel，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

36【解析】答案為B。此句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

37【解析】答案為A。the one 為表語(yǔ)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句省略了引導(dǎo)詞that或which。38【解析】答案為A。橫線是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞days，而先行詞days的含義在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以選擇when。

39【解析】答案為A。Interval意為間隔，休息時(shí)間。是表示時(shí)間的名詞，作先行詞，它的含義在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，即：the audience can buy ice-cream(in the interval).所以選擇A when.40【解析】答案為B。插入語(yǔ)of course，把它去掉之后，不難看出是考查which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which代替整個(gè)主句，所以選B which。

第三篇：高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)1名詞性從句教學(xué)案

專題11 名詞性從句

考綱展示 命題探究

考點(diǎn)一 主語(yǔ)從句

基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)

主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，通過(guò)放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

在句中起主語(yǔ)作用的從句稱為主語(yǔ)從句。連接主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有三類：從屬連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞。

(1)從屬連詞

從屬連詞主要有兩個(gè)that, whether；從屬連詞在從句中不作任何成分。That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.他要來(lái)參加會(huì)議使我們每一個(gè)人都十分激動(dòng)。Whether you can succeed depends on yourself.你是否能成功取決于你自己。

特別提醒

if一般(不在句首)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句不能省略。(2)連接代詞

連接代詞在從句中起名詞的作用，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等，一般表示疑問(wèn)。who誰(shuí)，whom誰(shuí)(賓格)，whose誰(shuí)的，what什么，which哪一個(gè)，whoever無(wú)論是誰(shuí)，whomever無(wú)論是誰(shuí)(賓格)，whosever無(wú)論是誰(shuí)的，whatever無(wú)論是什么，whichever無(wú)論是哪一個(gè)。

What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說(shuō)什么還不清楚。

Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.你們當(dāng)中第一個(gè)到達(dá)這里的人將獲得這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)品。

特別提醒

主語(yǔ)為從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般要用單數(shù)形式；但如果what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)、代表復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

What we need is water.我們所需要的是水。

What we need are useful books.我們所需要的是有用的書(shū)。(3)連接副詞

連接副詞在從句中起副詞的作用，作狀語(yǔ)，一般表示疑問(wèn)，但有時(shí)不表示疑問(wèn)。when什么時(shí)候，where在哪里，why為什么，how如何，whenever無(wú)論是什么時(shí)候，wherever無(wú)論在哪里，however無(wú)論如何。

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行還沒(méi)有宣布。

Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.它們?yōu)槭裁赐蝗幌н€是個(gè)謎。

重難點(diǎn)

it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句

(1)It＋be＋adj.＋主語(yǔ)從句。常用于該句型的adj.有： necessary必要的 likely可能的 clear清楚的 important重要的 possible可能的 right正確的 wrong錯(cuò)誤的 strange奇怪的 natural自然的 certain肯定的 obvious明顯的

It_is_quite_clear_that the whole project is to fail.很清楚，整個(gè)項(xiàng)目就要失敗。

典例1 It is by no means clear ________the president can do to end the strike.[答案] what 句意：總統(tǒng)可以采取什么措施來(lái)結(jié)束罷工一點(diǎn)兒都不清楚。此句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，代替后面的真正的主語(yǔ)從句，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)填能夠引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，由于從句中及物動(dòng)詞do后缺少賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)使用連接代詞what。

(2)It＋be＋名詞/名詞詞組＋主語(yǔ)從句。常用于該句型的名詞或名詞詞組有： shame遺憾

pity可惜

hope希望 no wonder難怪 good news好消息

It_is_a_shame_that we should have lost such an important customer.真遺憾我們失去了一位如此重要的客戶。

It_is_our_hope_that the two sides will work together.我們的希望是雙方能夠合作。

(3)It＋be＋過(guò)去分詞＋主語(yǔ)從句。常用于該句型的過(guò)去分詞有：

said據(jù)說(shuō)

believed被相信

reported據(jù)報(bào)道 thought被認(rèn)為 known所知

It_is_said_that our school will hold a sports meet next week.據(jù)說(shuō)我們學(xué)校下周要舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

It_has_been_decided_that they should start the project next month.他們要在下個(gè)月開(kāi)始這項(xiàng)工程已經(jīng)定下來(lái)了。

(4)It＋特殊動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)＋主語(yǔ)從句。常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有： seem看上去

appear顯得

happen碰巧 matter重要 turn out結(jié)果是

It_happened_that a lion was hiding nearby.剛好有一頭獅子躲在旁邊。

Does it_matter_that I won't attend the meeting tomorrow? 明天我不去參加會(huì)議要緊嗎？

典例2 It doesn't matter ________you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.[答案] whether 句意：在十字路口無(wú)論你向左轉(zhuǎn)還是右轉(zhuǎn)都沒(méi)關(guān)系——兩條路都通往公園。It是形式主語(yǔ)，設(shè)

空處應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞，從句后半部分的連詞or提示本題為whether...or...結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“是……還是……”。

典例3 It's no longer a question now ________man can land on the moon.[答案] that 句意：現(xiàn)在人類登上月球不再是問(wèn)題?？疾槊~性從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)，后面的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。由于引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用，故用that。

[考法綜述] 了解名詞性從句的基本用法，掌握各引導(dǎo)詞的用法，辨析that與what，掌握it作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)。

命題法 考查主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

典例1 ________we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.[答案] How 句意：我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐挛锱c我們的感受有很大關(guān)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，________we understand things 在句中作主語(yǔ)，是主語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用連接副詞how。

典例2 What Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.________________________________________________________ [答案] What→Where 依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指有些人對(duì)大詩(shī)人李白的出生地存在質(zhì)疑，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，What Li Bai，...was born在句中作主語(yǔ)且其中只缺狀語(yǔ)，因此改為Where，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句要在從句中作主、賓或表語(yǔ)。

【解題法】(1)掌握各引導(dǎo)詞在意義和功能上的差別。

(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞是不給提示詞的，考生要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找出主語(yǔ)部分，分析引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作成分和表達(dá)的意義。

(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，考查引導(dǎo)詞的錯(cuò)用，掌握相似引導(dǎo)詞的差別，如what和that等。從引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作成分和意義入手。

A．單句填空

1．Exactly________the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.答案 when [句意：馬鈴薯具體是在什么時(shí)候被引入歐洲的并不確定，但有可能是在1565年左右。由句意可知，后一分句是來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明前一分句中的不確定的內(nèi)容的，根據(jù)“around 1565”可知是對(duì)時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問(wèn)，因此用when引導(dǎo)前面的主語(yǔ)從句。] 2．I think________impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.答案 what [句意：我認(rèn)為他的畫(huà)給我印象最深的是他對(duì)色彩的運(yùn)用。what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“……的”。] 3．Some people believe________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.答案 what/whatever [句意：一些人認(rèn)為，不管是以前發(fā)生的還是現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事情都會(huì)在將來(lái)重現(xiàn)。此處“________has happened before or is happening now”是主語(yǔ)從句，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填what/whatever。] 4．________the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.答案 When [句意：延誤的飛機(jī)何時(shí)起飛很大程度上取決于天氣狀況。根據(jù)句意填連接副詞When。] 5．________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.答案 What [句意：使這本書(shū)非同尋常的是這位作家創(chuàng)造性的想象力。What在此處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。] 6．________you are on good terms with your classmates will affect your mood.答案 Whether [句意：你與同學(xué)相處得是否融洽會(huì)影響你的情緒。此處為主語(yǔ)從句，if表示“是否”且于句首時(shí)不引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用Whether。] 7．It suddenly occurred to me ________I hadn't locked my door.答案 that [句意：我突然想起我沒(méi)鎖門(mén)。it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的從句。It occurs to sb.that意為“某人突然想起……”。] 8．As the spokeswoman said，________we should take action against them depends on what they will do.答案 whether [句意：正如女發(fā)言人所說(shuō)的那樣，我們是否應(yīng)該針對(duì)他們采取行動(dòng)取

決于他們將會(huì)怎么做。本空需要用連接詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”，因此用whether引導(dǎo)。] 9．—What made her so happy? —________her son passed the college entrance examination.答案 That [句意：——是什么使她這么快樂(lè)？——她兒子通過(guò)高考了。答語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分，只起連接作用。] 10．________will matter is not how many books you read, but how much you learn when you finish reading them.答案 What [句意：重要的不是你讀了多少書(shū)，而是你讀完書(shū)后學(xué)到了多少。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，is前面是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用What。] B．單句改錯(cuò)

1．That you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.________________________________________________________ 答案 That→What [句意：你在會(huì)上所說(shuō)的話描述了公司的光明前途。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故用What, That引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不作成分。] 2．It remains to be seen that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意：這個(gè)新成立的委員會(huì)的政策能否實(shí)施還有待觀察。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，It 作形式主語(yǔ)，而真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的從句“that the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”；再根據(jù)句意可判斷，此處表示“是否”，故改為whether, that無(wú)意義。] 3．It struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.________________________________________________________ 答案 It→What [句意：這部電影最打動(dòng)我的是父親對(duì)他兒子深深的愛(ài)。“It struck me most in the movie”為主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，表示“所……的”，故用What，It不引導(dǎo)從句。] 4．Which one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.________________________________________________________ 答案 Which→Whichever [句意：你們中任何一個(gè)人打破窗戶都必須賠償。根據(jù)題干中one of you可知，空處要用whichever修飾one, 指“你們中的任何一個(gè)人”。which指哪一個(gè)，表達(dá)疑問(wèn)，故改為whichever。] 5．It doesn't matter how many times you fail;that matters is how many times you stand up and try again.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：你失敗多少次都不要緊；要緊的是你有多少次站起來(lái)并再次嘗試。分析句子成分可知，“that matters”是主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指物，故用what引導(dǎo)。that不作成分。]

6．We have learned from the story that which is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but who we have in our lives.________________________________________________________ 答案 which→what [“which is most valuable”是主語(yǔ)從句，在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，該主語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)且表示事物，故用what。which指某一范圍中的哪個(gè)或哪些。] 7．It was never clear that the man hadn't reported the accident sooner.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→why [句意：不清楚這個(gè)人為什么不早一點(diǎn)報(bào)告那起事故。此處需要連接副詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，why表示“為什么……”。故把that改為why。] 8．—The manager finally agreed to our new marketing proposals.—It never occurred to me what you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [答句表示“我根本就沒(méi)想到你能說(shuō)服他改變自己的看法”，句中It作形式主語(yǔ)，這里應(yīng)該用that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，連接詞在從句中不作任何成份，也無(wú)意義。故把what改為that。]

考點(diǎn)二 賓語(yǔ)從句

基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)

在句中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句(Object Clause)。賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類：動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該向老師求助。I wonder whether/if it is true.我想知道它是否是真的。

I wonder what I can do for you.我不知道能為你做些什么。

He didn't tell me when we would meet again.他沒(méi)告訴我什么時(shí)候我們?cè)傧嘁?jiàn)。

Could you please show me how you operate the machine? 你能給我展示一下如何操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器嗎？

I don't know whom you should depend on.我不知道你該信任誰(shuí)。

典例1 Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ________he could have expressed it differently.[答案] that 句意：杰瑞不后悔給出評(píng)論，但是覺(jué)得自己本來(lái)可以用不同的方式來(lái)表達(dá)的。從句that he could have expressed it differently作felt的賓語(yǔ)，連接詞that在從句中不作成分。故填that。

特別提醒

that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常被省去，但下列情況下不能省略：①當(dāng)that從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；②動(dòng)詞后跟有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只有第一個(gè)that可以省略，引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略；③賓語(yǔ)從句前有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)；④that引導(dǎo)的從句位于句首時(shí)。

I know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside.除了他來(lái)自鄉(xiāng)下以外，我對(duì)他一無(wú)所知。

He said(that)he liked rain very much and that he wouldn't use an umbrella when it was raining.他說(shuō)他非常喜歡雨，下雨天他都不愿打傘。

We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us.恰恰相反，我們希望他和我們待在家里。That our team will win, I believe.我相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞都能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。

表疑問(wèn)的賓語(yǔ)從句需要運(yùn)用陳述句語(yǔ)序，但個(gè)別賓語(yǔ)從句本應(yīng)運(yùn)用陳述語(yǔ)序，但由于習(xí)慣而仍保持原疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序不變。

I don't know what is the matter with the machine.我不知道這臺(tái)機(jī)器怎么了。2 動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

(1)大多數(shù)及物動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后可接賓語(yǔ)從句。

We should keep in mind that there is no short cut to learning.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)牢記，學(xué)習(xí)是沒(méi)有捷徑的。(2)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

一些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則需要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有：

find發(fā)現(xiàn)

feel感覺(jué)

think認(rèn)為 consider考慮 believe相信 guess猜測(cè) suppose假定，設(shè)想 make使得

I think it necessary that we drink plenty of boiled water every day.我認(rèn)為我們每天喝大量開(kāi)水是有必要的。

The teacher made it a rule that all the cleaning should be finished before 7：30 every morning.老師規(guī)定每天早晨7：30之前所有的清掃工作必須結(jié)束。

(3)動(dòng)詞hate, like, dislike, appreciate, enjoy等表示“喜歡”，“厭惡”的動(dòng)詞以及一些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)see to, depend on, rely on等常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而將賓語(yǔ)從句后置。

I hate it_when they talk with their mouths full of food.我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說(shuō)話。

I would appreciate it_if you can help me.如果你能幫助我，我將不勝感激。

典例2 You can always rely on________Jack says, as he never tells a lie.[答案] what 句意：你完全可以相信杰克的話，因?yàn)樗麖牟徽f(shuō)謊。what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作rely on的賓語(yǔ)，what在從句中作says的賓語(yǔ)。介詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

(1)一般情況下介詞后只能接wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。He'll talk to us about what he saw in the USA.他將給我們講述他在美國(guó)的見(jiàn)聞。

典例3 When she was awake, she found that she was standing on________seemed to be a piece of stone.[答案] what 句意：當(dāng)她醒來(lái)時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己好像正站在一塊石頭上。stand on后接賓語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)，what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句一般不作介詞賓語(yǔ)。故填what。

(2)in, but, except 等少數(shù)幾個(gè)介詞后可接由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，但此時(shí)介詞和that已形成固定搭配，即in that因?yàn)?，but that要不是，except that除了。

The high income tax is harmful in_that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得稅很高是有害的，因?yàn)樗赡苁谷瞬辉敢舛噘嶅X(qián)。He would have failed but_that you helped him.若不是你幫助他，他會(huì)失敗的。(but that意為“若不是，要不是”)4 形容詞后接賓語(yǔ)從句的用法

(1)表示情感的形容詞后可接賓語(yǔ)從句，如：afraid, certain, glad, pleased, sure, surprised, sorry, happy, confident, anxious, aware, convinced, determined, proud, worried, thankful, ashamed, annoyed, disappointed, hurt, content等。

I'm very pleased that all of your family will come.我很高興你們?nèi)叶紩?huì)來(lái)。

I'm sure that they'll make it in spite of the terrible weather.我確信盡管天氣很不好，但他們會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)的。

(2)sure后賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that, whether, if的選擇。

當(dāng)be sure用于肯定句時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常用that；當(dāng)be sure用于否定

句時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞常用whether或if。

Are you sure that I won't bother you if I sit beside you? 你確定我坐在你旁邊不會(huì)打擾你嗎？

I am not sure whether I should write to him or not.我不確定要不要給他寫(xiě)信。

重難點(diǎn) 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

(1)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。

He says that he studies at school from Monday to Friday.他說(shuō)他從周一至周五都在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。

He will tell us what happened to him during our absence.他會(huì)告訴我們我們不在的期間他出了什么事的。

(2)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。The boy said that there were no classes on Sunday afternoon.那個(gè)男孩說(shuō)周日下午沒(méi)有課。

My Chinese teacher asked me if I was reading the book Red and Black when he came in.我的語(yǔ)文老師問(wèn)我他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)我是否在讀《紅與黑》這本書(shū)。

(3)如果從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理，不管主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

As a child, I was told that the moon has no light of its own.I didn't believe it.孩提時(shí)，人們告訴我月亮自身不會(huì)發(fā)光，我不相信。

特別提醒

學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)的有關(guān)知識(shí)時(shí)要注意：若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須根據(jù)需要選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)；若主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))；若從句的內(nèi)容為客觀事實(shí)、格言、諺語(yǔ)、真理等，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)一致性原則的限制，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；若從句的內(nèi)容為歷史事實(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移

(1)主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定形式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。

I don't_think I can remember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在兩小時(shí)內(nèi)記住這100個(gè)單詞。I don't_suppose that he likes it.我想他不喜歡它。

(2)含有否定轉(zhuǎn)移的句子變反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)有兩種情況：若主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)

句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)分別與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致；若主句主語(yǔ)不是第一人稱，簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)分別與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。

I don't_think(that)he is interested in that thing, is he? 我認(rèn)為他對(duì)那件事不感興趣，是嗎？

You don't_imagine he passed the exam, do you? 你認(rèn)為他沒(méi)有通過(guò)這次考試，是嗎？

“I don't think/believe/suppose/expect so.”是常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)，但是沒(méi)有“I don't hope/guess so.”，正確的表達(dá)應(yīng)為“I hope/guess not.”。

[考法綜述] 考查賓語(yǔ)從句主要集中在對(duì)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的各引導(dǎo)詞的考查上，以及it作形式賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)從句的考查。

命題法 考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

典例1 I truly believe ________beauty comes from within.[答案] that 句意：我真的相信美是發(fā)自內(nèi)心的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，________beauty comes from within在句中作believe的賓語(yǔ)，是賓語(yǔ)從句，不缺少句子成分，故填that。

典例2 As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly what thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→how 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和形容詞thick可知應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示程度。此處表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墻需要“多”厚。故把what改為how。

【解題法】(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找出主句謂語(yǔ)，判斷從句類別。掌握各引導(dǎo)詞在意義、功能上的差別。

(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，要分析設(shè)空處在從句中的成分和意義，結(jié)合整個(gè)主句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，從而找到合適的引導(dǎo)詞。

(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，先分析主句結(jié)構(gòu)，再分析從句的類別，熟記各引導(dǎo)詞的特點(diǎn)，找出使用錯(cuò)誤的引導(dǎo)詞，并改正。

A．單句填空

1．The exhibition tells us ________we should do something to stop air pollution.答案 why [句意：該展覽告訴我們?yōu)槭裁次覀円扇〈胧┳柚箍諝馕廴?。根?jù)句意以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處用why引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。] 2．—I wonder ________Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.答案 how [根據(jù)答語(yǔ)“By working out every day”可知，空格處用how 來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示方式。] 3．Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.答案 what [句意：讀著她的自傳，我對(duì)Doris Lessing 在文學(xué)上已經(jīng)取得的成就贊嘆不已。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷，for后接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以要用what。] 4．We must find out________Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.答案 when [句意：我們一定要搞清楚Karl什么時(shí)候來(lái)，以便我們給他訂房間。由句意可知，要給Karl訂房間，那么就要清楚他來(lái)這里的時(shí)間，故填when。] 5．Susan made it clear to me ________ she wished to make a new life for herself.答案 that [句意：蘇珊清楚地向我表明，她希望自己開(kāi)始一種新的生活。it為形式賓語(yǔ)，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句為真正的賓語(yǔ)。從句結(jié)構(gòu)和句意完整，故用that。] 6．After a long journey, those young men finally reached ________they called the paradise.答案 what [句意：長(zhǎng)途跋涉后，這些年輕人最終到達(dá)了他們稱之為天堂的地方?！癬_______they called the paradise”是賓語(yǔ)從句，作reach的賓語(yǔ)，在從句中call缺賓語(yǔ)，故用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)作從句中call的賓語(yǔ)。] 7．The 3G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to________wants to get the information through the Internet quickly.答案 whoever [句意：3G手機(jī)對(duì)于那些想要快速瀏覽網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲取信息的人來(lái)說(shuō)一定是非常方便實(shí)用的。whoever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，且whoever在從句中作主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于anyone who。] 8．John seemed puzzled about________the question meant.答案 what [句意：John 對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題意味著什么感到很迷惑。根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，about后接的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而從句中meant缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以填what。] 9．Mom often phones me, asking________I am getting along with my studies.答案 how [句意：母親常給我打電話，問(wèn)我學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)展如何。此處asking 后為賓語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)填how。] 10．Are you sure________Mr Li will come to your birthday party? 答案 that [句意：你確定李先生要來(lái)參加你的生日晚會(huì)嗎？空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中不作成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。] B．單句改錯(cuò)

1．It is difficult for us to imagine that life was like for slaves in the ancient world.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)很難想象在古代奴隸的生活是什么樣子的。What...be like為固定形式，表示“……是什么樣子”。what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作imagine的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)what在賓語(yǔ)從句中作介詞like的賓語(yǔ)。] 2．Pick yourself up.Courage is doing that you're afraid to do.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→what [句意：振作起來(lái)。勇氣就是做你害怕要去做的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，doing后為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，故用what。that在名詞性從句中不作成分。] 3．Police have found where appears to be the lost ancient statue.________________________________________________________ 答案 where→what [句意：警察已經(jīng)找到了與丟失的古代的雕像類似的東西。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，用what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。where是副詞，不作主語(yǔ)。] 4．Experts believe why people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意：專家們相信，人們只有在必要時(shí)才去購(gòu)物就能減少食物浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，believe后面要求接賓語(yǔ)從句，而且從句中不缺句子成分，也無(wú)意義，所以用that。] 5．Some people care much about their appearance and always ask if they look fine in which they are wearing.________________________________________________________

答案 which→what [句意：有些人太過(guò)在意自己的外表，總是問(wèn)(別人)自己穿在身上的衣服看起來(lái)是否不錯(cuò)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，再結(jié)合句意“他們所穿的衣服”應(yīng)使用連詞what引導(dǎo)這一賓語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中作wear的賓語(yǔ)，指代人穿的衣服。which在引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí)意為“哪一個(gè)”，不合題意，故把which改為what。] 6．Only when you go to New York City in person will you realize what diverse the American culture is.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意：只有當(dāng)你親自來(lái)到紐約時(shí)，你才會(huì)意識(shí)到美國(guó)文化是多么不同。根據(jù)how＋adj./adv.＋主語(yǔ)＋其他部分可知，應(yīng)用how。故把what改為how。] 7．The bride and groom gave who attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.________________________________________________________ 答案 who→whoever [句意：新郎和新娘給任何一個(gè)參加他們婚禮的人發(fā)禮物以分享他們的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“who attended their wedding”是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故用whoever，意為“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，而who意為“誰(shuí)”，表疑問(wèn)。] 8．—Dad, I want to go out for dinner with my friends tonight.—Keep in mind when you have to be home by 9：00.________________________________________________________ 答案 when→that [句意：——爸爸，今晚我想和朋友們一起出去吃飯?！涀∧?點(diǎn)前必須回家。keep in mind that...是習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)，意為“記住……”，其中that引導(dǎo)的從句作keep的賓語(yǔ)。故把when改為that。] 9．This still leaves the question of that local public services should be improved in the next five years.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→how [句意：未來(lái)五年地方公共服務(wù)應(yīng)該如何改進(jìn)的問(wèn)題仍然遺留下來(lái)。應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，且how在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。how意為“如何”，that無(wú)意義。故把that改為how。] 10．He seems too tired today, and I wonder that he got a good sleep last night.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→if/whether [句意：他今天似乎太累了，我想知道他昨天晚上是否睡得好。賓語(yǔ)從句表示是否，動(dòng)詞后可用if或whether, that無(wú)意義，故把that改為if/whether。]

考點(diǎn)三 表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

基礎(chǔ)點(diǎn)

一、表語(yǔ)從句

在句子中作表語(yǔ)的從句稱為表語(yǔ)從句(Predicative Clause)。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有：從屬連詞that, whether;連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等；連接副詞when, where, why, how等。此外，表語(yǔ)從句還可用because和as if/as though等連接詞引導(dǎo)。表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

從屬連詞在句中只起連接作用，不作成分；連接代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)；連接副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

從屬連詞：that，whether 連接代詞：what，who，whose，which，whatever，whoever，whosever，whichever等

連接副詞：how，when，where，why等

The question is whether you can afford it.問(wèn)題是你是否買得起。

Our plan is that we'll go there once a week.我們的計(jì)劃是一周去那里一次。That's what he said.那就是他說(shuō)的話。

Your big opportunity is right where you are now.好機(jī)會(huì)就在你眼前。

特別提醒

if不引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句；that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句一般不省略。

典例1 —When choosing furniture, you only focus on function while I think more about the design.—That's ________we differ.[答案] where 句意：——在選擇家具時(shí)，你只注重功能而我更注重設(shè)計(jì)。——那正是我們不同的地方。考查表語(yǔ)從句。where在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句

此類表語(yǔ)從句可用陳述語(yǔ)氣，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，常跟在一些連系動(dòng)詞后面，如： seem似乎

look看起來(lái)

taste嘗起來(lái) sound聽(tīng)起來(lái) feel摸起來(lái) appear好像

It seemed as_though it had happened yesterday.那件事好像昨天發(fā)生的一樣。

It looks as_if it is going to rain.看起來(lái)天要下雨了。

特別提醒

as if/as though意為“好像，仿佛”，其引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常位于系動(dòng)詞(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表語(yǔ)從句所述的是非真實(shí)的情況，從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；若從句所述的是事實(shí)或是極有可能發(fā)生的情況，從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣?？忌屑?xì)體會(huì)其中的語(yǔ)境差別。

I felt as_if we had_known each other for years.我感覺(jué)好像我們已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)多年了。

She looks as_if she has_been_working hard for a long time.她看起來(lái)好像努力工作了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。3 because, why也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句

because引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)不能是reason或cause。常用于以下句型： This/That is why...這/那是……的原因 This/That is because...這/那是因?yàn)椤?/p>

This is why we missed the early bus.這就是我們錯(cuò)過(guò)了早班車的原因。That's because he is ill.那是因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>

特別提醒

當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo)，不能用why或because，這種用法常見(jiàn)于以下句型：

The reason why...is that...……的原因是……

The reason why he came late was that he got up late.他來(lái)晚了是因?yàn)槠鸫餐砹恕?/p>

二、同位語(yǔ)從句 在句中作同位語(yǔ)的從句，稱作同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句常位于下列名詞之后，如： advice建議

demand要求

doubt懷疑 fact事實(shí) hope希望 idea主意

information信息 message消息 news消息 whisper低語(yǔ) order命令 problem問(wèn)題 promise諾言 question問(wèn)題 request請(qǐng)求 suggestion建議 truth事實(shí) wish愿望 word消息 conclusion結(jié)論 thought想法

The_news_that we won the game was exciting.我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。

The_suggestion_that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出的。

I have no_idea_when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他們什么時(shí)候回來(lái)定居。2 同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞

(1)常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。if一般不引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

在同位語(yǔ)從句中that, whether不作成分，whether表示“是否”，其他連接詞具有實(shí)義，同時(shí)在同位語(yǔ)從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞一般都不省略。

The_fact_that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.有一些國(guó)家仍然貧窮對(duì)整個(gè)世界來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。

The_question_why so many people would choose to live in the countryside is still under discussion.為什么如此之多的人愿意到鄉(xiāng)下去居住仍然在討論中。

典例2 I made a promise to myself________this year, my first year in high school, would be different.[答案] that 句意：我向自己保證：今年——我高中的第一年——將會(huì)是不同尋常的一年。分析句意可知，空格處引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明promise的內(nèi)容，并且此從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，故用that引導(dǎo)。

(2)what也可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句

I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.我給了這個(gè)女孩一個(gè)大洋娃娃，那正是她渴望擁有的東西。(3)分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句

有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)較短，而從句內(nèi)容較長(zhǎng)，這時(shí)為避免“頭重腳輕”，常常將謂語(yǔ)部分提到從句前面，形成分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。

My_wish will come true one day that I should buy a big house for my parents.我要給父母買一間大房子的愿望終有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

典例3 The notice came around two in the afternoon________the meeting would be postponed.[答案] that 句意：下午兩點(diǎn)左右，有人通知說(shuō)會(huì)議要推遲了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“________the meeting would be postponed”是同位語(yǔ)從句，該從句解釋說(shuō)明notice的具體內(nèi)容，從句不缺少成分，所以用that引導(dǎo)。此處謂語(yǔ)較短，從句較長(zhǎng)，為避免“頭重腳輕”而將從句放在了謂語(yǔ)部分之后，形成了分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。故填that。

重難點(diǎn) 后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞

這類動(dòng)詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

(√)I admire their winning the match.我羨慕他們贏了比賽。

(×)I admire that they won the match.2 不可用that從句作直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞

有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見(jiàn)的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。

(√)He impressed the manager as an honest man.他給經(jīng)理的印象是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)人。

(×)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.3 wh-與wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別

連接詞what, which, who分別表示“……的東西或事情”、“哪一個(gè)”、“誰(shuí)”，表示疑問(wèn)含義；而whatever, whichever, whoever分別相當(dāng)于anything that, any...that, anyone who意為“無(wú)論……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)一切情況。試比較：

What you choose to wear should be clean.你選擇穿的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。

Whatever you choose to wear should be clean.無(wú)論你選擇穿什么，你的衣服應(yīng)該是干凈的。

特別提醒

如何判斷是用wh-還是用wh-ever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句？

做題時(shí)，我們要認(rèn)真分析語(yǔ)境，看看句子要表達(dá)什么意思，如果表示任何一個(gè)人或事物，無(wú)范圍可言，就用wh-ever；如果有疑問(wèn)的含義，且指的是具體的人或物，就用wh-。wh-ever和no matter wh-的區(qū)別

wh-ever既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，如：whatever, whichever, whoever等；而no matter wh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，如：no matter what, no matter where, no matter who等。

I will give this dictionary to whoever can win the first prize in the English

contest.我將把這本字典贈(zèng)給在英語(yǔ)比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的人。(賓語(yǔ)從句)Whoever/No_matter_who can win the first prize in the English contest, I will give this dictionary to him.不管誰(shuí)在英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)，我都會(huì)把這本字典給他。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)

[考法綜述](1)對(duì)表語(yǔ)從句的考查通常是以引導(dǎo)詞的選擇為主，所以正確分析表語(yǔ)從句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)重要。先確定從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義是否完整，如果完整就用that，且that不能省略；如果不完整，確定所缺成分，然后結(jié)合句意選定答案。弄清從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的也很重要。如果從句中的謂語(yǔ)是不及物動(dòng)詞，那么后面的部分是狀語(yǔ)，再根據(jù)缺少的意思來(lái)選定答案。

(2)解答考查同位語(yǔ)從句的題目時(shí)，一定先要找出從句解釋說(shuō)明的那個(gè)名詞，然后根據(jù)從句的意思和從句的結(jié)構(gòu)判斷從句所缺的引導(dǎo)詞：

①?gòu)木湟馑己统煞侄纪暾陀胻hat引導(dǎo)，此時(shí)要注意that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

②從句成分完整，但意思不完整，就用whether(是否)，切記此時(shí)不能用if代替whether。③從句缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)用連接代詞。根據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思進(jìn)一步選擇用哪一個(gè)連接代詞。

④從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，則分別用連接副詞where, when, how, why。

命題法1 考查表語(yǔ)從句

典例1 A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.[答案] what 句意：船泊港灣固然安全，可那不是造船的初衷。but連接的并列句中that's后應(yīng)為表語(yǔ)從句，________ ships are built for表示為什么目的而造船，what for結(jié)構(gòu)與句子意思相符。

典例2 As John Lennon once said, life is that happens to you while you are busy making other plans.________________________________________________________ [答案] that→what 句意：正如約翰·列儂曾經(jīng)所說(shuō)，生活就是在你忙于制訂其他計(jì)劃的時(shí)候發(fā)生在你身上的事情。此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，把that改為what。

【解題法】 表語(yǔ)從句的解題思路

(1)找出主句的動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞之后，為表語(yǔ)從句分析從句意義和結(jié)構(gòu)，利用各引導(dǎo)詞的特點(diǎn)。

(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，主要考查引導(dǎo)詞。找出空前的系動(dòng)詞確定是表語(yǔ)從句，分析所填詞在從句中的成分和意義。

(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的錯(cuò)用、漏用和多余。掌握that與what的區(qū)別，以及who與whoever等詞的區(qū)別。分析句子成分，結(jié)合句意。

命題法2 考查同位語(yǔ)從句

典例3 —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favorite universities.[答案] why 句意：——邁克昨天真的拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)的錄取嗎？——是的，可我不知道他為什么那么做；那是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，用于解釋說(shuō)明idea的內(nèi)容；從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句意此處表示原因，故用why引導(dǎo)。

典例4 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief what you are better than anyone else on the sports field.________________________________________________________ [答案] what→that [句意：成功達(dá)到最高水平的唯一辦法是保持這樣一種信念，即你比運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上的任何一個(gè)人都好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句，而且從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，所以用that。] 【解題法】 同位語(yǔ)從句的解題思路

(1)掌握常跟同位語(yǔ)從句的一些名詞如suggestion, advice, hope等，了解同位語(yǔ)從句的功能。

(2)在語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空中，主要是考查引導(dǎo)詞。同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that較多見(jiàn)，也會(huì)考到when, where等。分析主句結(jié)構(gòu)，識(shí)別關(guān)鍵詞，判斷從句種類。

(3)在短文改錯(cuò)中，主要考查引導(dǎo)詞的誤用、漏用和多余?？忌鶕?jù)主句結(jié)構(gòu)挑出從句，如從句表示陳述意義，常用that引導(dǎo)，表疑問(wèn)常用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。

A．單句填空

1．The best moment for the football star was ________he scored the winning goal.答案 when [句意：對(duì)這個(gè)足球明星來(lái)說(shuō)，進(jìn)球得分的時(shí)刻是最好的時(shí)刻。when在表語(yǔ)從句中表時(shí)間。] 2．“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.”This is ________my mother used to tell me.答案 what [句意：“每次你吃甜東西，喝點(diǎn)綠茶。”這是過(guò)去媽媽經(jīng)常對(duì)我說(shuō)的話。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查的是表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。從句缺少tell的直接賓語(yǔ)，用what引導(dǎo)。] 3．—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I'm not to blame, mum.I am________you have made me.答案 what [句意：——真是一團(tuán)糟！你總是這么懶惰！——媽媽，別怪我。我現(xiàn)在這樣就是你造就的呀。分析成分可知，I am后是表語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞what在從句中作made me后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于the one that，即I am the one that you have made me。類似例子還有：He is no longer what(＝the one that)he used to be。] 4．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's________I was born.” 答案 where [句意：奶奶指著那個(gè)醫(yī)院說(shuō)：“那就是我出生的地方?！贝颂幙疾榈氖敲~性從句中的表語(yǔ)從句。] 5．Courage is a kind of quality ——and that's ________it takes to face the

challenges in life.答案 what [句意：勇氣是一種好品質(zhì)，那就是面對(duì)生活中挑戰(zhàn)所需要的品質(zhì)。that's 后為表語(yǔ)從句，而且引導(dǎo)詞作從句中takes的賓語(yǔ)。故應(yīng)填what。] 6．Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is ________makes a difference.答案 what [句意：面對(duì)困難，你應(yīng)該相信你的自信會(huì)起很大作用。make a difference意為“起作用，有影響”；本句中“________makes a difference”是表語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閺木淙敝髡Z(yǔ)，故用what。] 7．Don't be sad.The most important thing is ________we must learn from our mistakes and move on.答案 that [句意：不要難過(guò)，最重要的是我們必須從錯(cuò)誤中吸取教訓(xùn)，并繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。表語(yǔ)從句不缺任何成分，故填that。] 8．I'm afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ________he never finishes anything.答案 why [句意：我覺(jué)得他說(shuō)得多做得少，這就是他從來(lái)沒(méi)有完成任何事情的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容；在定語(yǔ)從句中，空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，再結(jié)合句意可知應(yīng)填why。] 9．The message of Saving Private Ryan is ________humans want peace, not war.答案 that [句意：《拯救大兵瑞恩》傳達(dá)的信息是人們想要和平而不是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。此處為表語(yǔ)從句，從句不缺少成分，所以用that引導(dǎo)。] B．單句改錯(cuò)

1．From space, the earth looks blue.This is why about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→because [句意：從太空看，地球是藍(lán)色的。這是因?yàn)榈厍虮砻娲蠹s有71%的區(qū)域被水覆蓋。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為表語(yǔ)從句，表示原因，故用because。because后加原因，why后加結(jié)果。因此把why改為because。] 2．Evidence has been found through years of study why children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.________________________________________________________ 答案 why→that [句意：通過(guò)數(shù)年的研究，兒童早期睡眠問(wèn)題長(zhǎng)大后有可能繼續(xù)的證據(jù)已經(jīng)被找到了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后面的部分是解釋說(shuō)明evidence的內(nèi)容，是evidence的同位語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分，故把why改為that。] 3．Her only problem, if you can call it a problem, is what she expects to be successful all the time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意：如果能稱之為問(wèn)題的話，她唯一的問(wèn)題是她一直想成功。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引導(dǎo)。] 4．The problem is what we can improve our reading skill in such a short time.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→how [句意：?jiǎn)栴}是我們?nèi)绾卧谶@么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)提高我們的閱讀技能。分析句子成分并結(jié)合句意可知，這里需要用連接副詞how來(lái)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。] 5．There is still some doubt that the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.________________________________________________________ 答案 that→whether [句意：即使所有的因素都考慮了，系統(tǒng)是否會(huì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)仍有些疑問(wèn)。whether引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，作doubt的同位語(yǔ)，whether表示“是否”。] 6．People all over the world have a dream whether they will always live a peaceful life.________________________________________________________ 答案 whether→that [句意：全世界的人民都有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，即永遠(yuǎn)過(guò)著和平的生活。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋名詞dream的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)閺木渲胁蝗鄙俪煞智乙饬x完整，所以用that引導(dǎo)。] 7．The expert's argument what the increasing number of cars is the main cause of the rising PM 2.5 readings has got much support from the public.________________________________________________________ 答案 what→that [句意：這個(gè)專家的爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)得到了來(lái)自公眾的大力支持，爭(zhēng)論圍繞汽車數(shù)量的增加是PM2.5值上升的主要原因。此處為同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明argument的內(nèi)容，因從句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以使用that引導(dǎo)。]

易錯(cuò)題一：名詞性從句中連接詞的誤用

[例1] ________ surprised me most was to see some of the village people seated on the benches at the end of the room.[錯(cuò)解] It/That/Who [錯(cuò)因分析] 此處缺少主語(yǔ)，因此考生容易誤用It, That, Who, Which等。[答案] What [心得體會(huì)]

[例2] I have no idea ________ he will come here or not this afternoon, for he is very busy at the present time.[錯(cuò)解] which/that/if [錯(cuò)因分析] 該題貌似定語(yǔ)從句，考生易誤填which/that。此外，一些考生也許一看到后面的“or not”容易誤填if。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知，idea后面接一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，該從句是

對(duì)idea的解釋說(shuō)明，且由后面的“or not”可知應(yīng)用whether。if不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。

[答案] whether [心得體會(huì)]

易錯(cuò)題二：漏用關(guān)系詞

[例] She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood ________ ________ he said meant.[錯(cuò)解] that;what [錯(cuò)因分析] 許多同學(xué)一看便判斷出understood后為賓語(yǔ)從句，第一空誤填that;第二個(gè)空認(rèn)為said后缺賓語(yǔ)，填what。

[答案] what;what [心得體會(huì)]

易錯(cuò)題三：名詞性從句中用it作形式主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)

[例] ________has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to

protect you against serious illnesses in later life.[錯(cuò)解] What [錯(cuò)因分析] 考生誤認(rèn)為此空引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，缺少主語(yǔ)，誤填What。[答案] It [心得體會(huì)]

第四篇：XX屆高考英語(yǔ)第一輪名詞性從句語(yǔ)法專題教案

XX屆高考英語(yǔ)第一輪名詞性從句語(yǔ)法專

題教案

XX年高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)金子般的學(xué)案語(yǔ)法部分：名詞性從句（新人教版）

【定義】一個(gè)句子在另一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于名詞，故稱為名詞性從句。

【四大從句】名詞性從句分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。

一、主語(yǔ)從句

一個(gè)句子在另一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，即句子充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，該句子稱為主語(yǔ)從句。

【完成例句】

根據(jù)句意選詞填空

Thathewillsucceediscertain.whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.whathesaidisnottrue.whenthemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.【結(jié)論】①that－從句，從句為一個(gè)句意完整的陳述句，沒(méi)有具體意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起標(biāo)志性作用，但that不能省略。

②whether－從句，從句于一般疑問(wèn)句，whether不能省略，意為“是否”，不能用if替換。

③特殊疑問(wèn)詞－從句，從句于特殊疑問(wèn)句，特殊疑問(wèn)詞不能省略，意思為特殊疑問(wèn)詞本來(lái)的意思，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。

【疑難1】whoheisisnoneofmybusiness.【疑難剖析1】任何從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，即主謂語(yǔ)序。

【疑難2】ThathelikesEnglishisknowntousall.whathesaidatthemeetingmademesad.【疑難剖析2】主句時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去的某一時(shí)態(tài)；主句時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)視具體情況而定。

【

疑

難

3】ThatXXAsianGamesaresuccessfulisknowntoall.【疑難剖析3】單個(gè)句子作主語(yǔ)，視為單數(shù)。

【疑難3】Itisapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn'tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.Itisjohnthatbrokethewindow.【疑難剖析3】1．主語(yǔ)從句通常由it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，而本身放在句子末尾。

2．it作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較

it作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。

3.用it作形式主語(yǔ)的常用結(jié)構(gòu)[]

①Itis＋名詞＋從句

Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是……

Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸

Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識(shí)

②Itis＋形容詞＋從句

Itisnaturalthat…很自然……

Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是……

③Itis＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋從句

Itseemsthat…似乎……

Ithappenedthat…碰巧……

Itappearsthat…似乎……[]

④It＋過(guò)去分詞＋從句

Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道……

Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證實(shí)……

Itissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō)……

【

疑

難

5】ItissaidthatchairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweek.[]

ThatchairmanHuwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.【疑難剖析5】主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況：

.if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可位于復(fù)合句句首。

2.Itissaid

/reported…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。

3.Ithappens/occurs…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。[]

Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination.Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.4.Itdoesn'tmatterhow/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。

Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.whetherheiswrongornotdoesn'tmatter.5.含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。

Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening？

Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely？

【疑難6】what與that在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別

whatyousaidyesterdayisright.Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.【疑難剖析6】what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，而that則不充當(dāng)任何成分。

二、賓語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句是賓語(yǔ)從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。

【完成例句】[]

根據(jù)句意選詞填空

Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.①Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.②Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.【結(jié)論9】①由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。

②由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

③whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，只起連接作用，意為“是否”。

【疑難1】引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)if和whether的區(qū)別

Iaskedherif/whethershehadabike.Theydiscussedwhethertheywillgobackrightnow.we'reworriedaboutwhetherheissafe.Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.Idon'tknowwhethertogo.【疑難剖析1】引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)用if和whether都可以，但有只用whether的特殊情況：動(dòng)詞discuss后；介詞后；whether與ornot連用時(shí)；whethertodo。

【疑難2】IamafraidI'vemadeamistake.【疑難剖析2】作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略that。

【注意】下列形容詞后常跟that引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語(yǔ)：

anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。

【疑難3】wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.【疑難剖析3】it不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)，而真正的賓語(yǔ)that從句則放在句尾。

【疑難4】Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.Iadmirethattheywonthematch.【疑難剖析4】后邊不能直接跟that從句的動(dòng)詞有：

allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。

【疑難5】Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.【疑難剖析5】有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋that－從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，這類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有envy，order，accuse，refuse，impress，forgive，blame，denounce，advise，congratulate等。

【疑難6】我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。

Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.【疑難剖析6】否定的轉(zhuǎn)移：若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。

三、表語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句為表語(yǔ)從句，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)從句”。

【完成例句】

根據(jù)句意填空

Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.Thisiswhywecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople.Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.【結(jié)論1】

①完整陳述句充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)時(shí)用that引導(dǎo)，且不可省略；

②表“是否”含義時(shí)用whether；

③語(yǔ)義不完整時(shí)根據(jù)情況選用對(duì)應(yīng)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞，如what，when，where，why等；

④兩種特殊句型：thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause…等結(jié)構(gòu)。

四、同位語(yǔ)從句

在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句為同位語(yǔ)從句。

【完成例句】

根據(jù)句意選詞填空

Theking'sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.【結(jié)論】同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，可以接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞主要

有

：fact,information,problem,decision,suggestion,proposal,order等。

【疑難1】同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置

Hegotthenewsfrommarythanthesportsmeetingwasputoff.【疑難剖析1】同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。

【疑難2】同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別

ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。

ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。

【疑難剖析2】定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)可以在從句中作某個(gè)成分，而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。

定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述名詞的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。

第五篇：高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)教案及習(xí)題-名詞性從句

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專題

---名詞性從句

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一、考點(diǎn)聚焦

1、名詞性從句中連接詞的運(yùn)用

名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞:that / whether / as if，連接代詞:what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，連接副詞:where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。（1）、that的用法。

①、主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we don’t have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.②、賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that有時(shí)可省有時(shí)又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略：

（A）、當(dāng)that從句和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有插入詞語(yǔ)或者從句主語(yǔ)之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省略；

He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine（B）、當(dāng)that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不能?。? Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.（C）、當(dāng)that作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省掉。如：

The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.③、that從句作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用it 來(lái)替換成以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。(A)、It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that?(B)、It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that...(C)、It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that ?

（D）、It seems/happens that。如：

It happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.④、that和what的區(qū)別。that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中不以當(dāng)任何句子成分，也沒(méi)有任何含義；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞 + 關(guān)系代詞即常說(shuō)的先行詞 + that。如：

It’s shame that he has made such a mistake.Do what he says.⑤、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句中that的區(qū)別。同位語(yǔ)從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分；而定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)與先行詞有修飾關(guān)系。如果句子是同位語(yǔ)從句，就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能用which.同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，如以下名詞：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞的限定和修飾。如：

They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位語(yǔ)從句)

主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.3、名詞性從句的詞序

名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。如：

He asked me what was the matter with me.We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.?

二、精典名題導(dǎo)解

選擇填空

1.A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.(NMET 2001)A.how B.after C.what D.when 解析：答案為C。本題考查的是名詞性從句作賓語(yǔ)的用法。此句的引導(dǎo)詞既作連詞又在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一成分，故what最合適。

2.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week..—Is that _________ you had a few days off ?(NMET 99)A.why B.when C.what D.where 解析：答案為A。此題考查的是從句的用法。根據(jù)題意“我上周開(kāi)車去珠?？春娇照谷チ恕！毕旅嬉痪浣又鴨?wèn)：“那就是你為什么離開(kāi)的原因嗎？”故用why引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句表示原因。

3.I hate __________ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)A.it B.that C.these D.them 解析：答案為A。本題考查的是形式賓語(yǔ)的用法。題意為“我討厭人們談話時(shí)嘴里塞滿東西”。該空白處沒(méi)有任何含義，而且已經(jīng)用了when連接該賓語(yǔ)從句，所以此處只填一個(gè)形式賓語(yǔ)it。

4.I think Father would like to know I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.A.which B.why C.what D.how 解析：答案為C。考查賓語(yǔ)從句連詞用法，由結(jié)構(gòu)sb.be up to sth.可知，應(yīng)選what作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。

5.We cannot figure out quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.A.that B.as C.why D.when 解析：答案為C。本題考查賓語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)，figure out為及物動(dòng)詞，故此句為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句意得知連詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，故選why.6.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, our astronauts desire do is walk in space.A.where B.what C.that D.how 解析：答案為B。此題句子為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，全主句的主語(yǔ)是由主語(yǔ)從句來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)?，并且主語(yǔ)從句中不定式動(dòng)詞do缺少賓語(yǔ)，故選what?！艋A(chǔ)訓(xùn)練題

1.It now appears ______ they are in need of help.A.that B.which C.what D.how

A.which B.that C.whether D.if 16.You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.A.which B.what C.that D.where ◆強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練題

1．Much to the couple’s comfort, their income is now double it was five years ago．

A．that B．than C．which D．what 2.it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional health, and crying seems to well.A.Whatever;work B.Whichever;help C.However;function D.What;help 3．If the project should be delayed for a day, would mean we would be fined $ 100,000.A．that B．a(chǎn)s

C．which

D．a(chǎn)nd it 4．When I try to understand it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, is seems to me there are quite a few causes.A．why;that B．which;as

C．what;that D．whether;since 5.There is a feeling in me _______ we will never know what a UFO is.A.that B.which

C.of which

D.what 6.While the total number of farmers engaged in the agriculture production is barely half _____ it used to be in 1959, the size of the average farm has tripled.A.that B.what C.which D.how 7.It was after he got he had wanted he realized it was not so important.A.what;what B.what;that C.that;what D.that;which 8．What if we meet with a situation none of us are able to deal with？

A．where B．in which C．what D．that 9．Advertising is different from other forms of communication the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.A．in which B．in order that

海卷)A.That B.What C.Whether

D.Where 3.The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(上海卷)A.when B.why

C.whether D.that 4.Could I speak to---------is in charge of International Sales, please?(山東卷)A．a(chǎn)nyone B．someone C．whoever D．no matter who 5.You can only be sure of_________ you have at present;you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future.(安徽卷)A.that;what B.what;/ C.which;that D.that 6.Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are.(浙江卷)A.what B.where C.when D.why 7.It is none of your business other people think about you.Believe yourself.(福建卷)A.how B.what

C.which

D.when

/;8.Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.(湖南卷)A.why B.that C.when D.where 9.Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for.(江蘇卷)A.what B.why

C.how D.whether 10.parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.(陜西卷)A.That B.Which

C.What

D.As 11.By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you read．(上海春)

10.The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.（天津卷）

A.where B.how C.when D.why 11.People in Chongqing are proud of __ they have achieved, in the past ten years.（重慶卷）

A.that B.which C.what D.how 12.All people, __ they are old or young, rich or poor, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.（重慶卷）A.even if B.whether C.no matter D.however 13.As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ___he will do or think.(上海卷)A.what B.which

C.whom

D.that 14.It has been proved ___ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.(上海卷)A.if