第一篇:名詞性從句(講學案)-2018年高考英語二輪復習精品資料 Word版含解析
名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。考查的要點主要是連接代詞和副詞的正確使用,主語、謂語的語序,雙重連接詞以及特殊句型的使用等。其考點主要包括:
1.考查名詞性從句的連接詞。如:有詞義的連接代詞who, whose, whom, what, which;連接副詞when, where, why, how;從屬連詞that, whether, if, as if;無詞義的that在從句中不擔任成分,有時可省略。
2.考查名詞性從句的語序和時態。
3.考查it作形式主語、形式賓語的情況。如:
(1)It+be+形容詞(necessary, important, obvious等)+that從句.(2)It+be+過去分詞+that從句.
(3)It+be+名詞(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour等)+that從句.(4)It+不及物動詞(appear, happen等)+that從句. 4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣。如:
(1)It is(was)+ essential(important, natural…)+that…;
(2)It is(was)suggested(demanded, wished, desired…)that…等。
5.what引導名詞性從句時的語義功能和語法功能。如:what=the thing that/anything that…; what=the place that…; what=the time that…; what=the person that…等。
6.whoever,whatever,whichever引導名詞性從句時的語義功能和語法功能。
一、幾種易混的從句的辨別
定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句有時候在形式上很相似,下面提供一些區分的方法: 1.定語從句與同位語從句
定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關系;而同位語從句是用來說明前面名詞的內容的。that在定語從句中充當句子成分,可指物或人;而同位語從句中的that在從句中不充當任何句子成分,只起連接作用。請比較:
(1)The news(that/which)he told us was exciting.(定語從句,that/which在從句中作賓語,還可以被省略)
(2)The news that our team has won is exciting.(同位語從句,that從句是說明news的內容的,that在從句中不作任何成分,但不能被省略)辨析
判斷是定語從句還是同位語從句可以用“加詞”的方法,即在名詞和從句之間加入一個be動詞,如果句子意思成立,則是同位語從句,否則,則是定語從句。如上面第二句,加上be動詞后:
The news is that our team has won.句子意思成立,所以是同位語從句。而第一句,加上be動詞后:
The news is that he told us.意思不成立,因此不是同位語從句。【特別提醒】
一般情況下,同位語從句緊跟在它所說明的名詞的后面,可是有的時候,為了表達的需要,名詞與從句之間被另外一些內容分隔開了,叫做“分隔同位語從句”。對于這類同位語從句,一定要根據句意,找準它所說明的名詞。
2.定語從句與狀語從句 請看兩組句子:
第一組:區分such...as...和such...that...(1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.(2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.這兩句話只有一詞之差,但語法結構大相徑庭:第一句是as引導的定語從句,as相當于that/which(但不能用that/which),在從句中作understand的賓語。第二句是結果狀語從句,that在從句中不作成分。
結論:當從句缺少句子成分時,用such...as...;當從句不缺少句子成分時,用such...that...。
第二組:選用in which, where填空
(1)He left the key ______ he had been an hour before.(2)He left the place ______ he lived for many years.分析:第一句只能填where, where引導的是地點狀語從句,修飾主句中的謂語動詞。此處where不可換成in which,因為in which只能引導定語從句,本句中根本就沒有先行
詞(后面的從句不是修飾key的)。
第二句填where或in which。根據句意可知,后面的句子是對名詞place的修飾,因此此句是定語從句。
二、that與what的區別
that引導名詞性從句,在從句中不作任何成分,that本身無意義,只起連接作用。what引導名詞性從句時,在從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語等,what表示“……的東西或事情”。請比較:
What I need is more time.(what引導主語從句,在從句中作賓語)That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引導主語從句,在從句中不作任何成分)The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引導表語從句,在從句中作表語)I had no idea what we should do next.(what引導同位語從句,在從句中作賓語)He will tell us what he saw in London.(what引導賓語從句,在從句中作賓語)精析
名詞性從句中區分that與what的關鍵是:分析句子結構,看從句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分,就用that,如果缺少句子成分(主語、賓語、表語等),且表示“……的東西或事情”就用what。
三、who, whoever與no matter who的區別
引導名詞性從句,在句中作主語時用who,意思是“誰”,含有疑問意味,whoever意為“無論誰”,不含有疑問意味。whoever在引導名詞性從句時,相當于anyone who,其中who引導一個定語從句緊隨其后。
另外,whoever還可以引導讓步狀語從句,這時whoever相當于no matter who,但是no matter who只能引導讓步狀語從句。請比較:
1.Who has taken away my bag is unknown.誰拿走了我的包還不知道。(若用whoever顯然句意不通)2.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.無論誰違反法律都要受到懲罰。(whoever表達的語氣強烈)3.I'm not going to let you in, no matter who you are.=I'm not going to let you in, whoever you are.(根據句意“我不會讓你進去的,不管你是誰”,后面是一個讓步狀語從句,故用no matter who或者whoever)【特別提醒】
wh-ever既可引導名詞性從句,又可引導讓步狀語從句。引導名詞性從句時,whoever=anyone who;whomever=any-one whom;whatever=anything that;whichever=anything/anyone that;whosever=any one whose。
Whichever he likes will be given to him.=Anything that he likes will be given to him.無論他想要哪個都可以給他。
You should give the book back to whosever name(=anyone whose name)is on the cover of it.你該把書還給任何一個他的名字在封面上的人。【方法技巧】
做題時,具體思路如下:①通讀全句,首先考慮是不是某種句型,如強調句型;②題干句若是疑問句,首先把它恢復為正常語序;③觀察設空的前前后后,確定相關從句的性質;④確定從句性質后,回憶相關從句的用法特點,從而作出取舍;⑤注意標點符號和并列連詞(and, but)的作用;⑥將選項代入句子,看前后是否語意貫通。
考點
一、考查賓語、表語從句
例1.(2017·江蘇)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ____________ it used to charge.A.that B.which C.what D.how 【答案】C 【解析】考查賓語從句。"half of _________ it used to charge"是$20的同位語,即原來價格的一半是現在的$20;另外,of后跟名詞或名詞短語構成介賓短語,所以,這里是賓語從句;賓語從句中的charge后面缺少賓語,所以用what來引導賓語從句,并充當賓語從句的賓語,故選C。
【2016·北京】29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.4
A.what 【答案】B
B.that
C.whether
D.why
【考點】考查表語從句
【變式探究】(2015·湖南,26)You have to know you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.【解析】句意:如果你要計劃到達某地的最佳路線,你必須首先知道你想要去哪?where引導賓語從句,在從句中用作地點狀語。
【答案】where 考點
二、考查主語從句
例2.【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.A.However 【答案】C 【解析】題目考查主語從句。helps是謂語,“________ you can do”是主語部分,即主語從句,在主語從句中,do后缺少賓語,表示“任何事情”,因此用whatever引導,故選C。
【考點】考查主語從句
【變式探究】【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.A.that 【答案】A 【解析】句意:我很相信美麗源自于內心!本題考查賓語從句。從句部分不缺少任何成分,因此用that起到連接作用,也可以省略。從句部分不缺少任何成分,因此用that起到連接作用,也可以省略。故選A。
考點
三、考查同位語從句
例3.【2016·天津】11.The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A.whether B.that C.which D.what 【答案】B
B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Wherever B.where C.what D.why
【考點】考查同位語從句。
【變式探究】—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it;that's one of his favorite universities.【答案】why
【解析】本題考查同位語從句的引導詞。句意:“昨天邁克拒絕了耶魯大學的錄取,這是真的嗎?”“是的,但是我不知道他為什么這樣做;那是他最喜歡的大學之一。”idea后接同位語從句,表示某個想法的具體內容。根據that's one of his favorite universities(那是他最喜歡的大學之一)可知,“我”不知道他拒絕耶魯大學的原因(why)。
1.(2017·江蘇)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ____________ it used to charge.A.that B.which C.what D.how 【答案】C 【解析】考查賓語從句。"half of _________ it used to charge"是$20的同位語,即原來價格的一半是現在的$20;另外,of后跟名詞或名詞短語構成介賓短語,所以,這里是賓語從句;賓語從句中的charge后面缺少賓語,所以用what來引導賓語從句,并充當賓語從句的賓語,故選C。
2.(2017·江蘇卷)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he __________.A.was being followed B.was following C.had been followed D.followed 【答案】A 【解析】分析句子成分可知,he和follow是被動關系,即他被別人跟蹤,排除B、D;根據句意"在匆忙趕回家的路上,他從未回頭看是否正被跟蹤",故用過去進行時最合適,故選A。
3.(2017江蘇)27.He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________.A.was being followed B.was following C.had been followed D.followed 【答案】A 【解析】根據句子成分可知,He和follow是被動關系,排除B、D。根據句意:在匆忙趕回家的路上,他從未回頭看是否被跟蹤,用過去進行時最合適,答案選A。
【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.A.However 【答案】C
B.Whoever
C.Whatever
D.Wherever
【考點】考查主語從句
【2016·北京】29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.A.what 【答案】B 【解析】句意:雨季最令人愉悅的就是人們可以完全不再受到沙塵的困擾。is后跟從句作表語,即表語從句,表語從句不缺少主語、謂語和賓語,因此用that,that只起引導作用,故選B。
【考點】考查表語從句
【2016·江蘇】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why 【答案】D 【解析】句意:通常對于那些心存希望的人來說一切皆有可能。此句中It為形式主語,that從句為真正的主語。故D項正確。
【考點】考查主語從句
B.that
C.whether
D.why
B.what C.as D.that
【2016·天津】11.The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A.whether B.that C.which D.what 【答案】B
【考點】考查同位語從句。
1.(2015·江蘇,25)Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.【解析】句意:李白,一個偉大的中國詩人,其出生地是眾所周知的,但也有一些人不接受它。從句where Li Bai was born作該句子的主語。
【答案】Where 3.(2015·北京,33)I truly believe beauty comes from within.【解析】句意:我真的相信美來自人的內心。賓語從句意思完整只缺連接詞,故用that。【答案】that 4.(2015·北京,35)we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.【解析】句意:我們怎樣理解事物與我們所感覺到的東西有很大關系。分析句子結構可知“ what we understand things”為主語從句,結合句意可知要用how。
【答案】How 5.(2015·浙江,6)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.【解析】句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳的話,務必調查清楚水面之下有什么。水中經常隱藏著石頭或樹枝。根據后面rocks and branches可知,此處要用what來引導。
【答案】what 6.(2015·重慶,8)We must find out Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.【解析】句意:我們必須知道他什么時候來,以便我們能給他預定房間。根據后面的 8
so we can book a room for him可知這里指時間,故用when引導。
【答案】when 7.(2015·陜西,19)Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.【解析】句意:讀了多麗絲·萊辛的傳記,我很欽佩她在文學上獲得的成就。考查名詞性從句。考查賓語從句的連接詞。在介詞for后的是賓語從句,從句中缺少achieve的賓語,故用what引導。
【答案】what 8.(2015·四川,8)The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.【解析】考查賓語從句。句意:這個展覽告訴了我們,我們為什么要阻止空氣污染。賓語從句缺少狀語,根據意義為why。
【答案】why 9.(2015·安徽,25)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ships are built for.【答案】what 10.(2015·福建,29)—I wonder Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.【解析】句意:——我想知道瑪麗這些年是如何保持了那么好的身材。——通過每天鍛煉。考查賓語從句的連接詞。根據回答by doing可知是問的方式。
【答案】how 1.(2014北京卷)30.The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.A.where C.how
B.when
D.why 【考點】考察名詞性從句
【答案】B 【解析】本題屬于名詞性從句中的表語從句。句意:對這位球星來說最好的時刻就是他射門得分的時候。Where表示地點,how表示方式,why結果;只有when表示的是時間。故B正確。
2.(2014北京卷)33.Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whatever
B.whenever.D.however C.whereever
【考點】考察名詞性從句 【答案】A 3.(2014大綱卷)24.Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A.whether B.why C.when D.how 【考點】考察名詞性從句 【答案】C 【解析】本題考察的是名詞性從句中的主語從句。在本句中Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe.句義:土豆確切是在何時被引進到歐洲還不確定,但是大約是在1565年左右。Whether表示“是否”,why表示“原因”;how表示“方式”。根據后半句it was probably around 1565.可知本句談論的是時間。故C正確。
4.(2014山東卷)7.It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.A.where B.what C.which D.why 【考點】考察名詞性從句 【答案】B 【解析】本題考察的是名詞性從句。動詞imagine后面含有一個賓語從句what life was like for slaves in the ancient world。What引導起這個賓語從句,并在賓語從句中作
為介詞like的賓語。句義:對我們來說很難想象古代的奴隸的生活。Where和why不能在句中做賓語,which一直都表示疑問的意思“哪一個”。故B正確。
5.(2014天津卷)14.I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A.what B.that C.which D.who 【考點】考察名詞性從句 【答案】A 【解析】本題中的I think是一個插入語,可以省略。實際上本句中的what impresses me是一個主語從句,what既是這個主語從句的引導詞,也在句中做主語。句義:關于他的畫我認為給我留下深刻印象的是他所使用的顏色。That在名詞性出中不充當成分,which指特定范圍之內的“哪一個”;who通常都是指人。故A正確。
(2013·新課標I卷)26.Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A.which B.where C.how D.what 【答案】D
【考點定位】本題考查賓語從句的連接詞。
(2013·北京卷)33.Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.A.why B.where 【答案】C 【解析】根據句子結構可知,people can waste less food by shopping
C.that D.what only when it is necessary作believe的賓語,因此是賓語從句,從句中成分、句意完整。That在名詞性從句中不充當成分,也沒有意義,因此選擇C項。意為專家認為人們可以通過在必須的時候才購物的方式來減少浪費食物。Why作原因狀語,意為為什么,where作地點狀語,意為在那里,what作主語或者賓語或者表語。
【考點定位】考察名詞性從句(賓語從句)
(2013·北京卷)31.makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A.That 【答案】B 【解析】根據....is the creative imagination of the writer可知,makes B.What C.Who D.Which the book so extraordinary是一個主語從句,作is的主語。同時,從句中,makes缺少主語,因此選擇B項(what 在名詞性從句中充當主語、賓語或者表語),句意為,讓這本書非同尋常的是作者具有創造力的想象力。That在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分,也沒有任何意義。Who在從句中作主語和賓語,意為誰,而該句中指的是書,因此排除C,which在從句中充當主語和賓語,意為哪一個,要有一個選擇的范圍,放在該題中明顯意思不通,故排除D項。
【考點定位】考察名詞性從句(主語從句)。
(2013·北京卷)21.Volunteering gives you a chance____ lives, including your own.A.change B.changing C.changed D.to change 【答案】D 【解析】此處chance意為機會,用法為sb get/have/be given a chance to do sth意為有機會干某事。該題句意為,志愿活動給予你改變生活的機會,包括改變你自己的生活。
【考點定位】考察句型結構(名詞chance的句型)
(2013·山東卷)30.It’s good to know _____ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.A.what 【答案】D 【解析】動詞know之后為賓語從句,從句中不缺少成分,故用that表陳述一件實事。【考點定位】考查名詞性從句
(2013·四川)6._______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A.When B.How C.What D.That 【答案】 C B.whose
C.which
D.that 12
【考點定位】考察名詞性從句連接詞的用法。
(2013·天津卷)15._____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A.That 【答案】D 【解析】句意:“我想告訴你的是我深愛我的父母并很尊重他們。”名詞性從句的連詞選用規則是:根據意思,缺什么就填什么,什么都不缺就填that。我們必須特別關注what所引導的名詞性從句,what引導名詞性時,必須在句中擔當主、賓、表等成分,意思是“……的事或東西”,一般也不能用逗號和主句分割開來,插入語除外。我們還要關注whatever與what的區別,前者有兩個意思——無論什么或anything that…(任何東西),而后者只表示“……的事或東西”;whatever與no matter what的區別在于前者既可以引導名詞性從句也可以引導狀語從句,而后者只能引導狀語從句。其他配對詞的用法也是類似的。
【考點定位】考查名詞性從句。要關注連詞的一般用法,同時要關注某些引導詞的特殊用法。B.Which
C.Whether
D.What 13
第二篇:2017高考英語——名詞性從句
2017年高考題
【2017·北京】23.Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A.whatever B.whoever C.whomever D.whichever 【答案】B 代詞,根據意思可知是人獲獎,故排除AD,因為需要做主語,只能用主格代詞who,故選B。考點:考查連詞。【名師點睛】
主語從句 Subject Clauses(在主語的位置上)1.從句的連接詞可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑問詞wh-。
That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that? Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference.? It is known to us that he is a famous singer.? It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本題中,whatever引導主語從句,同時作do的賓語。2.wh和ever 連用的詞引導的名詞性從句和狀語從句的區別
? 區分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑問的意思;wh-ever有肯定強調的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like.? wh-ever 在引導名詞性從句時不能用no matter wh-來替換,但在引導狀語從句時可以替換 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he??
【2017·北京】26.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.A.why B.where C.how D.when 【答案】B 試題分析:A.why 為什么 B.where 在哪 C.how 如何 D.when什么時候。句意:Jane漫無目的地走在兩旁栽樹的街道上,不知道她將去往何方,根據語境可知此處是表地點的,很容易就可選出答案B。考點:考查連詞。
【2017·江蘇】26.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.A.that 【答案】C 【解析】
B.which
C.what
D.how
【名師點睛】
這里容易誤判為定語從句的“介詞+關系代詞”結構,需要注意的是,half of后面的價格是以前的價格。如果是定語從句,那么half of后面的價格則是$20的一半,即$10,再結合“down to”可知,原來的價格
高于$20,因此不是定語從句。
介詞of后跟賓語,因此這里是賓語從句,通過分析句子成分可知,賓語從句缺少賓語,因此用what引導。
賓語從句
1.動詞后的賓語從句 1)that引導的賓語從句
后常接that引導的賓語從句的動詞有admit, agree, answer, believe, decide, declare, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, intend, insist, mean, notice9 0rder, remember, reply, say, suggest, think, wish 等
2)wh-,if引導的賓語從句
后常接wh-,if引導的賓語從句的動詞有advise,ask,discuss,doubt,find out,imagine,inform,1nquire, know, question, tell, understand, wonder,出scover等。3)“動詞十間接賓語+賓語從句”
常使用此類結構的動詞有advise,ask,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn,assure等。
4)“動詞+it十形容詞/名詞+that從句”
常見的后接it作形式賓語的動詞有find,feel,think,believe,make,consider等。5)it作形式賓語的特殊句型
常見的有:see to it that...;hate it that...;owe it to sb.that...;take it for granted that.2.形容詞后賓語從句
后常接賓語從句的形容詞有:anxious,aware,certain,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, content, proud, annoyed, convinced,confident等。
3.介詞后賓語從句
后常接賓語從句的介詞有on,about,in,but,except等。4.賓語從句需要注意的問題
1)當主句是一般現在時或者一般將來時時,賓語從句可根據句子意思選擇用所需要的時態。2)當主句是一般過去時時,賓語從句必須用相應的過去時態。
3)但是當賓語從句表達的是普遍真理或客觀規律時,賓語從句時態不受主句時態限制而用一般現在時。4)當主句謂語是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等,賓語從句的意義是否定時,not要轉移到主句中;但當從句有否定意義的never,.seldom,hardly,scarcely等詞時,否定詞不轉移。5)主句中謂語是think,believe,suppose,ex》ect,imagine,guess等,同時,wh-連詞引導的表示疑問的賓語從句,應將連詞wh-置于主句前面,主句若是疑問語序,從句語序不變。例 如:When do you think he will come back? Do you think when he will come back?(錯句)
6)當主句動詞是wish時,從句的時態要用虛擬語氣;當主句的動詞是suggest,demand,require等詞時,從句要用可省略should的虛擬語氣。
7)if常可代替whether,但是當從句作介詞賓語時,只能用whether。
8)引導賓語從句的that常可省略,但是當兩個that從句由and或or連接時,第二個從句的that不能省略。考點:賓語從句
【2017·天津】4.She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.A.when B.where C.whether D.what 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:句意:他問我是否已經把書還給圖書館了,我承認。我還沒有還。A.什么時候;B.在哪里;C是否;D.什么。根據句意,故選C 考點:考查賓語從句。
【名師點睛】本題是對賓語從句中連詞的考查。對于賓語從句的連詞的確定,首先確定連詞的詞義,然后根據句意判斷出正確的連詞,本句的句意很明顯,確定為是否。
2016年高考題
1.【2016·北京】24.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.A.However 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:題目考查主語從句。helps是謂語,“________ you can do”是主語部分,即主語從句,在主語從句中,do后缺少賓語,表示“任何事情”,因此用whatever引導,故選C。考點:考查主語從句 【名師點睛】
主語從句 Subject Clauses(在主語的位置上)1.從句的連接詞可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑問詞wh-。
That he is a famous singer is known to us.= It is known to us that? Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.Who will go makes no difference.? It is known to us that he is a famous singer.? It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.本題中,whatever引導主語從句,同時作do的賓語。2.wh和ever 連用的詞引導的名詞性從句和狀語從句的區別
B.Whoever
C.Whatever
D.Wherever ? 區分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑問的意思;wh-ever有肯定強調的意思 *Who will be invited hasn’t been decided.*Whoever comes here is welcomed.*A reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*The gift will be given to whomever I like.? wh-ever 在引導名詞性從句時不能用no matter wh-來替換,但在引導狀語從句時可以替換 Whatever happened, he would not mind.= No matter what happened, he??
2.【2016·北京】29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.A.what 【答案】B 【解析】 B.that
C.whether
D.why
考點:考查表語從句 【名師點睛】
表語從句 Predictive Clauses(在be動詞 后)
1.從句的連接詞可以是that, 也可以是wh-的特殊疑問詞。The fact is that she never liked him.The question is whether the movie is worth seeing.The question is who can complete the difficult task.? This/That/It is because ?
I think it is because you are doing too much.? The reason why?is that?
The reason why the play is successful is that it appeals to many different people.2.只能用whether 的情況
* 在表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句中 * 在介詞后的賓語從句中 It all depends on whether they will support us.* 在不定式之前
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.* 從句中有or not時
He doesn’t know whether he should stay or not.3.【2016·江蘇】21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.why 【答案】D 【解析】 B.what
C.as
D.that
【名師點睛】
that 引導主語從句:由連詞that引導的主語從句,在大多數情況下被放到句子的后面,用it 作形式主語來代替它的位置。常見的以it作形式主語的主語從句的句型有三種。1.It + be + 形容詞+that從句
適用于這種句型的常見形容詞有:necessary,clear,true,strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely,obvious,surprising etc。
1)It’s clear that they badly need help。很明顯,他們急需援助。
2)It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last.最終我們能完成這項工程是有可能的。
表語為 necessary,clear,true,strange, important, wonderful,possible, likely, obvious, surprising, astonishing, etc.等形容詞時,謂語動詞的形式一般為“should + 動詞原形”
3)It is necessary that you(should)master the computer.你很有必要掌握電腦。
4)It is strange that he should have killed himself.真奇怪,他竟然自殺了 2.It +be +名詞詞組+ that從句
常用于這種句型的名詞詞組有:a fact,a good idea,a pity,an hour,a shame,no wonder,good news etc.1)It’s a pity that you missed the film.你沒有看那部電影真是太遺憾了。
2)―Tom has a bad cold.湯姆患了重感冒。
―It is no wonder that he looks pale.――難怪他看起來臉色蒼白。
3)It is a great shame that he should have stolen a pen.他竟然偷鋼筆,真是太丟臉了。shame 所用的句中要用虛擬語氣。3.It + be+ 過去分詞+ that從句
常有的過去分詞有:said,reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。
1)It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.眾所周知,地球圍繞太陽轉。
2)It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades.據報道這兩個國家就貿易問題達成協議。
過去分詞表示:建議,命令,愿望如suggested,ordered,requested等詞時,從句需用虛擬語氣。動 詞形式為:should + 原型。
1)It is requested that Mr.Wang(should)give a performance.有人請求王先生表演一個節目。
2)It is suggested that we should discuss the problem.有人建議我們應該討論一下這個問題。考點:考查主語從句
4.【2016·天津】11.The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.A.whether B.that C.which D.what 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:句意:經理提出一個建議,我們應該有個助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位語從句說明suggestion 的內容,而且同位語從句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引導,that不作成分,只是起著連接的作用。故選 B。
考點:考查同位語從句。
【名師點睛】解答這類題目,關鍵在于分析清楚句子結構,知道引導詞的使用習慣。通過判斷引導詞在從句中所作的成分,來選擇正確的引導詞。連接同位語從句的連詞主要有that, if, whether,和疑問詞(what how where when...)。that引導表示陳述句的同位語從句,if和whether,whether...or not引導表示“是否”的一般疑問句的同位語從句。判斷是否是同位語從句,還可以用同位詞+is+同位語從句,如果可以講的通,一般就是同位語從句,例如這題中,可以改成The suggestion is that we should have an assistant.2015年高考題
1.【2015·湖南】26.You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.A.what 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that
C.where
D.who
【考點定位】考查賓語從句。
【名師點睛】判斷是什么句子最關鍵,這個句子是由know引導的賓語從句,賓語從句的連接詞有連接代詞和連接副詞。因為從句部分缺少狀語成分,答案就出來了。正確解答該題需要理解句意以及注意上下文(you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.)的表達。2.【2015·北京】33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.A.that 【答案】A 【解析】 B.where
C.what
D.why
【考點定位】考查名詞性從句。
【名師點睛】名詞性從句分多種,賓語從句在考試中也是很常見的,要注意賓語是句子的一個重要成分,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語或句子充當。當一個句子充當賓語時,這個句子就稱之為賓語從句。一般情況下,賓語從句可作謂語 的賓語,也可做主語的賓語。根據所選空在句中所作的成分來判斷出是何種名詞性從句。
3.【2015·安徽】25.A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.A.what 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但這并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟從句作表語,表語從句中的for后缺少賓語,用what引導,what與for連用,表示目的。故選A。【考點定位】考查名詞性從句
【名師點睛】本題考查表語從句。表語從句是名詞性從句的一種,名詞性從句還包括主語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。可以根據從句在句子中充當的成分來判斷名詞性從句的類型。isn’t后跟一個從句作表語,what在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語或表語;why和when作狀語。介詞for后缺少賓語,因此用what。4.【2015·浙江】6.If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.A.what
B.who
C.that D.whoever B.whom
C.why
D.when 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:句意:如果你在河里或湖里游泳,請確定查看水面下有什么?通常總有一些石頭或樹枝藏在水里。此處的what指代的是樹枝或石頭,B選項和D選項用于指人,that 只有語法意義。句式上,該句用了(If 從句,祈使句)的句式,非謂語to investigate 后接一個賓語從句的表達。分析賓語從句的成分可以發現,空格所做的成分是主語。根據下一句的表述中的樹枝和石頭,可以得出答案是what.【考點定位】考查賓語從句的連接詞
【名師點睛】判斷是什么句子最關鍵,這個句子是由investigate引導的賓語從句,因為從句部分is 前面缺少成分,答案就出來了。正確解答該題需要理解句意以及注意上下文(Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.)的表達。
5.【2015·重慶】8.We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.A.when B.how 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:句意:我們必須弄明白什么時候來,因此我們能給他預定房間。Find out 后面跟著賓語從句。
C.where D.why 根據句意選when。【考點定位】考查賓語從句。
【名師點睛】 賓語從句連接詞的考查,賓語從句一共分為三類,一由that引導的賓語從句;二是由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,who,how引導的賓語從句,這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句充當某個成分。三由if或whether引導賓語從句。首先要根據句子結構來確實是哪一類,再根據具體的信息來確實用哪一個,是否符合當時的語境。
6.【2015·四川】8.The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.A.where B.why C.what D.which 【答案】B 【解析】
【考點定位】考查賓語從句
【名師點睛】本題考查賓語從句的引導詞。通常情況下,賓語從句如果是由陳述句變來時用that引導;如果由一般疑問句變來則用whether/if;而由特殊疑問句變來則用特殊疑問詞。通過四個選項,排除1、2兩種情況。而特殊疑問詞的選擇則要求對句子的結構內容有著全盤的掌握。此句中,主語、賓語、定語并不缺少,故選項C、D是錯誤的,再根據句意,只有B最為恰當。
7.【2015·陜西】19.Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.A.what B.that C.why D.how 【答案】A 【解析】
【考點定位】考查賓語從句
【名師點睛】賓語從句是名詞性從句的一種,解答這類題目,關鍵在于分析清楚句子結構。確定這是什么從句,再通過判斷從句中缺少的內容決定引導詞在從句中所作的成分及意義,來選擇正確的引導詞。通常如果名詞性從句缺少主語賓語和表語的時候用what連接。
8.【2015·福建】29—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.A.where 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查賓語從句。句中I是主語,wonder是謂語,how引導的賓語從句在整個句子中做賓語。連接副詞How是賓語從句中的方式狀語。句子是用表示方式的介詞by回答的,所以是針對方式題提問的,故用how。根據句意---我好奇瑪麗在這些年是怎么保持著身材的。--通過每天鍛煉。故選C 【考點定位】考查賓語從句
【名師點睛】賓語從句算是高考中一個比較簡單的考點,引導詞主要的選擇方法是看賓語從句的引導詞在主句中做什么成分,不同的引導詞表達的意思也不相同。通常賓語從句的前面會有一個及物動詞,及物動詞后面可以直接接上賓語,但是也要結合具體情況進行具體分析。
9.【2015·江蘇】25._____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.A.That B.Why C.Where D.How 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:句意:李白是中國一位偉大的詩人,他的出生地是眾所周知的,但有些人不愿接受這一事實。分析句子結構可知,a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位語,is前面是主語從句。比較選項只有where符合句意,where在從句中做地點狀語。故選C項。【考點定位】名詞性從句
【名師點睛】此題由于“a great Chinese poet”的插入,句子結構變得稍顯復雜,因此要求考生能夠排除結構干擾,看清考點還是考查名詞性從句連接詞的選擇,然后根據“從句部分缺什么補什么的原則選則連接詞”這一根本原則,同時結合句意,迅速鎖定正確答案。
10.【2015·北京】35._____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A.Where B.How C.Why D.When 【答案】B 【解析】 B.how
C.why
D.If
【考點定位】主語從句。
【名師點睛】主語從句分多種,解題時要分析原題空中缺少的是何種狀語。這類題考生首先要利用主句與從句之間的邏輯關系判別,尤其是連詞在從句中的功能,由于引導主語從句的連詞功能有所分別,較為容易抉擇,但有的連詞的形式一樣,但具有不同意思,這就需要考生仔細甄別,充分利用與之相關內容或與其搭配相關詞語的意思。
2014年高考英語分項解析精編版
專題10名詞性從句
1.【2014·全國大綱卷】24.Exactly______ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A.whether B.why C.when D.how 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查主語從句的連接詞。句意:準確的說,土豆是什么時候被傳到歐洲的還不確定,但是可能在1565年左右。此處when引導主語從句并在從句中作主語。考點:考查主語從句的連接詞。
【名師點睛】從句分多種,主語從句在考試中也是很常見的,要注意主語是句子的一個重要成分,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語或句子充當。當一個句子充當主語時,這個句子就稱之為主語從句。根據所選空在句中所作的成分來判斷出是何種名詞性從句。從而來選出合適的連接詞。
2.【2014·重慶卷】12.---Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?---Yeah, but I have no idea _______ he did it;that’s one of his favorite universities.A.when B.why C.that D.how 【答案】B 【解析】
項。故本題選擇B項。why表示“原因”。考點:考查同位語從句的用法。【名師點睛】 一般來說,在主從復合句中,用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它通常跟在某些名詞之后,用以說明或解釋該名詞表示的具體內容。可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有:advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion, word(消息), problem, question, doubt, thought等。本題中的idea可以跟同位語從句的名詞,做好此類題先分析從句的成分,然后再選擇適當的連接詞。
3.【2014·北京卷】Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.A.whatever C.wherever 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:本題考查賓語從句,考查方式為連接詞。句意:有些人認為以前或現在正在發生的事情將來還會重復發生。根據題干信息,“過去發生或現在正發生的事情,將來仍然會重復”,賓語從句中缺少主語,并且指的是事件,所以選用A。考點:考查賓語從句的用法
【名師點睛】名詞性從句分多種,賓語從句在考試中也是很常見的,要注意賓語是句子的一個重要成分,它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞短語或句子充當。當一個句子充當賓語時,這個句子就稱之為賓語從句。一般情況下,賓語從句可作謂語 的賓語,也可做主語的賓語。根據所選空在句中所作的成分來判斷出是何種名詞性從句。
4.【2014·北京卷】30.The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.A.where C.how 【答案】B 【解析】
B.when B.whenever.D.however
D.why
考點:考查表語從句的連接詞
【名師點睛】本題考查表語從句的用法,表語從句就是用一個句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當,和連系動詞一起構成謂語。表語從句是名詞性從句的一種。表語從句的基本結構是“主語+ 連系動詞+ 關聯詞+ 表語從句”。做此類題時應該分析句子成分,指出主語謂語,看缺少何種成分。
5.【2014·天津卷】14.I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.A.what B.that C.which D.who 【答案】A 【解析】
試題分析:考查主語從句。句意:我認為關于他的畫給我印象最深的是他使用的顏色。在主語從句中what做主語,指代物;that 只起連接作用,不做句子成分;which哪一個;who做主語,指代人;本從句中缺少主語,根據語境可知,物做主語。所以選A。考點:考查主語從句。
【名師點睛】本題考查學生對主語從句的掌握情況。主語從句是在句子中擔當主語的是一個從句,這個從句就叫做主語從句。主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。What 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分,如主語.賓語.表語。所以做此類題時看題中是否缺少成分,在選擇連接詞。
6.【2014·山東卷】7.It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.A.where B.what C.which D.why 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:imagine后需要一個賓語,“life was like?”做imagine的賓語需要一個不做句子成分的引導詞,同時這個句子中like缺少賓語,所以空格處缺少一個兼詞what。句意為:很難想象古代奴隸的生活是什么樣子的。故答案選B。考點:考查賓語從句的用法。
【名師點睛】本題考查學生對賓語從句的掌握情況,賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.What, whatever,引導名詞性從句,且在名詞性從句中作主語,賓語,表語,做題時看句子中是否缺少成分。然后判斷出答案。7.【2014·江西卷】28.Among the many dangers_--sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A.which B.what C.where D.when 【答案】A 【解析】
考點:考查定語從句
【名師點睛】本題考查定語從句中which的用法,which所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等也就是說做題時要注意句子中是否缺少主語。賓語等成分,然后判斷關系代詞,學生要注意分析定語從句在不同情況下的應用,才能面對更多的題型。
8.【2014·四川卷】2.Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ______ I was born.” A.when
B.how
C.why
D.where 【答案】D 【解析】
試題分析: A何時;B誰;C為什么;D哪兒。系動詞is后是表語從句,四個選項均為連接副詞,故判斷缺少狀語,根據題干中給出的提示信息pointed to the hospital可知“奶奶”說的是出生的地點,故答案選D。句意:奶奶指著醫院說,“那就是我出生的地方。” 考點:考查表語從句的用法。
【名師點睛】本題考查表語從句的用法,表語從句就是用一個句子作為表語。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣,由名詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語充當,和連系動詞一起構成謂語。表語從句是名詞性從句的一種。表語從句的基本結構是“主語+ 連系動詞+ 關聯詞+ 表語從句”。做此類題時應該分析句子成分,指出主語謂語,看缺少何種成分。
9.【2014·福建卷】34.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing you're afraid to do.A.that B.what C.how D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】
【知識拓展】
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that, if, whether,和疑問詞(what,how,where,when...)。
考點:考查賓語從句。
【名師點睛】本題考查學生對賓語從句的掌握情況,賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句.賓語從句分為三類:動詞的賓語從句,介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句.What引導名詞性從句,且在名詞性從句中作主語,賓語,表語,做題時看句子中是否缺少成分。學生必須仔細斟酌句子成分,然后再作判斷。
10.【2014·江蘇卷】26.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame, mum.I am ________ you have made me.A.how 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句用法。本題考查的是表語從句,注意動詞make后接雙賓語,即make sb.sth.故用關系詞what來引導。句意:——怎么這么亂啊!你總是這么懶!——我不應該受到責備,媽媽。我是你使得我這樣的。故B正確。考點:考名詞性從句用法
【名師點睛】本題考查考生對名詞性從句的掌握情況,做名詞性從句的題時,先劃分句子結構,找出從句是什么,然后看主句完整不完整,如果主句不完整,就是主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句三者之一;如果主句完整,就是同位語從句。這里就是一個表語從句,從句子成分中分析出正確答案。
11.【2014·陜西卷】15.________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A.Why 【答案】B 【解析】試題分析:考查主語從句。句意:被延誤的航班何時起飛依天氣而定。題干中主句的謂語動詞為depends,為此前面是主語從句。Why在主語從句中做原因狀語;when在主語從句中作時間狀語;that在主語從句中不做任何成分;what在主語從句中作主語或賓語。根據語境判斷主語從句中缺少時間狀語,故選B.When
C.That
D.What B.what
C.that
D.who B。
考點:考查主語從句
【名師點睛】本題考查考生對主語從句,主語從句是在句子中擔當主語的是一個從句,這個從句就叫做主語從句。主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。本題 when在主語從句中作時間狀語,所以做此類題時看題中是否缺少成分,再選擇連接詞。
12.【2014·湖南卷】24.As John Lennon once said,life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.A.which 【答案】C 【解析】 B.that C.what
D.where
考點:考查名詞性從句用法
【名師點睛】本題考查考生對名詞性從句的掌握情況,定語從句作用相當于形容詞,修飾主句中的一個名詞或代詞或整個句子,同位語從句是對前面的名詞做進一步解釋,說明該名詞的具體內容的句子。本題中說的那個 “句子中賓語或主語用一個句子來代替就是該種從句”用一個句子來代替賓語或主語,那就屬于主語從句或賓語性從句了。所以做題時仔細分析題干,才能更好地做好題。
13.【2014·浙江卷】8.“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me.A.what
B.how
C.that
D.whether 【答案】A 【解析】
【知識拓展】這四個詞在引導表語從句的區別:what引導的表語從句,它在從句中作主語或賓語;how引導的表語從句,它在從句中作狀語;that引導的表語從句,它在從句不做成分,沒有詞義;whether引導的表語從句,它在從句中作主語或賓語不做成分,但是有“是否”的含義。考點:考查表語從句。
【名師點睛】本題考查考生對表語從句的掌握情況,表語從句放在連系動詞之后,充當復合句中的表語。
表語從句由關聯詞+簡單句構成。表語從句就是一個句子在整個句子中處于表語的位置,通常情況下放在系動詞之后。英語中的系動詞不多,放在系動詞后面的句子、單詞、詞組通常作的是表語。最常見的系動詞是be動詞。所以做題時仔細分析題干,才能更好地做好題。
2013年高考英語試題分類匯編之單項填空
專題10—名詞性從句
1.【2013浙江】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.A.how B.that C.which D.whether 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。此處是由that引導的同位語從句,指代belief的具體內容,同時從句中不缺少成分,所以用that引導,這里選B項。
【名師點睛】同位語從句和定語從句不一樣,同位語從句是對同位詞內容的說明不是修飾,同位語從句的that不能省略。定語從句引導詞that在從句中做成分,做賓語的時候可以省略。注意二者的區別。2.________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A.When B.How C.What D.That 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。此處you said 需要賓語。describes a bright future for the company需要主語,只有what能滿足要求。句意:你會上所說的話是對公司發展前景的一個很好的描述。
【名師點睛】考查名詞性從句的連接詞要學會分析句子成分。如果主語從句缺少主賓表,用what連接主語從句,如果不缺成分,用that連接,引導主語從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用。3.It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.A.that B.which C.what D.Whether 【答案】D 【解析】 試題分析:考查名詞性從句。題干中it作形式主語,所填詞引導的從句作真正的主語,引導詞在從句中不作成分,但其意思是:是否,用whether引導,故選D。句意:新成立的委員會的政策是否能夠付諸實施還有待觀察。
【名師點睛】主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。根據句意可知需要whether,而且It remains to be seen whether可以當成固定句型記憶。
4.________struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.A.That B.It C.What D.Which 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。________ struck me most 是主語從句,在這個從句中缺主語,因此用what引導。
【名師點睛】看到名詞性從句的題目首先判斷是什么名詞性從句。其次看從句的成分。如果從句缺少主賓表,用what連接,如果不缺成分,用that連接,引導主語從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用,學生要會分析句子成分。
5.Police have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.A.which 【答案】D 【解析】 B.where
C.how
D.what 的數量,故選D。句意:警察已經找到了好像是失蹤的古代雕像的東西。
【名師點睛】看到名詞性從句的題目首先判斷是什么名詞性從句。其次看看從句的成分。根據found可知后面是賓語從句。賓語從句缺少主語,用what連接,如果不缺成分,用that連接,只起到連接的作用,不做成分。
6.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.A.how B.that
C.which
D.where 【答案】A 【解析】
【名師點睛】解答名詞性從句的題目首先判斷是什么名詞性從句。其次看看從句的成分。根據tell可知后面是賓語從句。賓語從句中形容詞close前面缺少修飾語。用how對它進行修飾。
7.It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.A.what B.whose C.which D.that 【答案】D 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句。句中的it是形式主語,________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away是真正的主語,用引導詞that。句意:非常高興知道,我們不在的時候這些狗會被照顧得很好。【名師點睛】主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。解答這類題目,關鍵在于分析清楚句子結構。引導主語從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用。
8.________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.A.That B.Which C.Whether D.What 【答案】D 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句中主語從句連接詞的用法。分析句子結構知,此句的謂語是is,其前是主語從句,從句中謂語動詞want后缺賓語,故用what引導名詞性從句。句意:我想告訴你的是我對我父母的深深的愛和尊敬。
【名師點睛】如果主語從句缺少主賓表,用what連接主語從句,如果不缺成分,用that連接,引導主語從句的that在從句中不做成分,只起到連接的作用,學生要會分析句子成分。表語從句也是這樣。9.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.A.why B.how C.because D.whether 【答案】C 【解析】 試題分析:考查表語從句。語境中“地球表面約71%被水覆蓋”和“從太空上看,地球是藍色的”之間是因果關系,故用because引導表語從句。
【名師點睛】連接表語從句的連接詞有:that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, how, whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等。還有如because, as if, as though等。解答這類題目,關鍵在于分析清楚句子結構。通過判斷引導詞在從句中所作的成分及意義,來選擇正確的引導詞。10.________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A.That B.What C.Who D.Which 【答案】B 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句的連接詞。is之前為主語從句,該從句缺主語,指的是事物,所以選B。【名師點睛】主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句,通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。解答這類題目,關鍵在于分析清楚句子結構。通過判斷引導詞在從句中所作的成分及意義,來選擇正確的引導詞。連接主語從句的從屬連詞主要有that, if, whether,和疑問詞(what how where when...)。that引導表示陳述句的主語從句,if和whether,whether...or not引導表示“是否”,引導一般疑問句。連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述。連接副詞主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等.11.Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.A.why B.where C.that D.what 【答案】C 【解析】
試題分析:考查名詞性從句的連接詞。believe后的賓語從句陳述的是一個事實,并且從句中不缺成分,所以只需填入關系詞that即可。
【名師點睛】賓語從句屬于名詞性從句一種,賓語從句中的連接詞that, whether, if在句中不充當任何成分,只起連接作用;連接代詞who(ever), which(ever), whom(ever),whose(ever),what(ever)在句中做主語,賓語,表語和定語;連接副詞when, why, where, how,在句中做狀語。應從上下句的句法關系著手分析,同時注意賓語從句的語序問題。
第三篇:高三英語名詞性從句學案
名詞性從句一輪復習同步導學案
【學習目標】:
掌握名詞性從句引導詞的用法,并能判斷出主語從句這一類型的從句。
名詞性從句定義:在句子中起_________作用的句子叫名詞性從句。
名詞性從句分四類:____________ _____________ ______________ _____________
【名詞性從句的引導詞】
1.從屬連詞:that, whether/if, as if/as though, because, 其中that, whether/if, 在從句中不擔任成分,只起到引導從句的功能。that 沒有實際意義。if(whether), 意思為 “是否”。
I don’t care about __________ you have money or not.The problem is __________ Tom is able to arrive on time.__________ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet.It looks __________ it is going to rain.The truth is __________he didn’t come for the concert.__________ the earth is round is true.易混點whether與if區別
二者都可以作“是否”講,能引導名詞性從句,都不能省略。1.)在及物動詞后引導賓語從句時可以互換;
注意:在某些動詞后(如:discuss)只能接whether,不能跟if。如: We discussed whether we should close the shop.2.)引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時都用whether,不用if。如:
The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasn’t been decided.Whether he will win is all the same to me.The question is whether you can go there yourself.如果用形式主語,if和whether都可以 It is unknown whetherif she is ill.3.)如果whether后緊跟or not,不用換做if;若whether與or not分開使用,則可以換作if。如:
I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.I don’t know whetherif I can come or not.4.)若賓語從句為否定結構,則多用if,而不用whether。如: I don’t care if he doesn’t show up.(在乎,炫耀)
5.)在介詞后引導賓語從句或與帶to的動詞不定式結合而構成不定式的復合結構時,只能用whether,而不用if。如:
I haven’t settled the question of whether I will go back home.She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.2、連接代詞:連接代詞指既具有代詞的特點,同時又能夠引導從句的詞。主要有what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, which, whichever。有詞義,在從句中擔任成分,如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等,不能省略。
I don’t believe __________ he has achieved so far.__________ breaks the law should be punished.____________ he said encouraged me greatly.What worried us most is_________ let out the secret.3、連接副詞:連接副詞指既具有副詞的特點,同時又能夠引導從句的詞。主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever有詞義,在從句中擔任成分,作狀語。
__________ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.Parents are thought to understand __________ important education is to their children’s future.The reason __________ he was absent was that he was ill.This is_____________ the accident happened.【判斷】下列各句哪句含有名詞性從句,并指出是什么從句: 1.China is no longer what it used to be.2.The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3.It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4.How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6.The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7.That is where Lu Xun used to live.8.He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9.Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10.I wonder why she refused my invitation.主語從句
1、主語從句在復合句作主語。引導主語從句的引導詞如下:who,that,which,what,when,where,how,whether,why,whoever,whichever,whatever等。e.g.Who will go is not important.When they will come hasn't been made public.他們來的時間沒有公布。
2、用it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末。e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的頭發正在變白,這使她很不安。
It is a pity that you missed such a good chance.3、that引導主語從句時,不能省略。e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.4.whoever,whatever,whichever引導的主語從句
(1)whoever相當于anyone who,表明泛指關系,表示 “任何??的人都,凡是??的人都”。Whoever comes will be welcome.誰來都是受歡迎的。(2)whatever相當于anything that,表示“無論什么??”。
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.在這里所說的一切都要保密。(3)whichever意為“無論哪個,無論哪些”。既可指人,也 可指物;既可單獨使用,也可修飾名詞,也可以跟of短語連用。
Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others.無論我們中哪一個先完成了任務都將幫助其他人。
Whichever book you choose doesn't matter to me.你選哪本書不關我的事。5.what與that引導主語從句的區別 what引導主語從句時,表示“所??的(東西)”,并且在從句中充當句子成分;而that作為從屬連詞,引導主語從句時,其本身沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,不可省略。
What she was afraid of was their taking her daughter abroad.她害怕的是他們帶她女兒出國。
That he will refuse the offer is unlikely.他不可能拒絕這個報價。It is reported that three people were killed in the accident.據報道,三個人在這次事故中死亡。
例題: some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How 例題: It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A.how B.which C.that D.what
任務:找出10個主語從句的例子。
英語語法專題------名詞性從句 同步導學案(2)
學習目標:第二部分學案主要解決表語從句,賓語從句,同位語從句的判斷。
表語從句
1.可接表語從句的連系動詞可接表語從句的連系動詞有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。China is no longer what she used to be.今日的中國不再是過去的中國了。The question remains whether they will be able to help us.問題還是他們能否幫我們。It appears that he has a taste for music.看來他對音樂有一定的鑒賞力.At that time, it seemed as if I couldn’t think of the right word anyhow.當時,我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當的字眼來。The question was who could go there.My idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work.2.從引導詞角度學習表語從句
that 引導的表語從句
The fact is that we should depend on ourselves.事實是我們必須依靠自己。
如果主語是 suggestion, advice, order, command 這類建議,要求,命令的名詞,表語從句的的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should 可以省略。
My advice is that you(should)think it over before you make a decision.我的建議就是你做出決定之前仔細考慮一下。
whether 引導的表語從句
The point is that whether we should lend him the money.翻譯_________________________________________________
Wh-類連接詞引導的表語從句
自己總結連接代詞what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, which, whichever。連接副詞when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever相關句子。例如:The question is however we can do the work better.問題是我們究竟如何才能夠把這項工作做得更好。
As as if/as though 引導的表語從句
此類表語從句連系動詞有be, look, seem, sound, appear。
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起來還與十年前一樣。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.聽上去好像有人在敲門。
because 引導的表語從句
That is because he didn’t understand me.那時因為他不理解我。
賓語從句
.賓語從句:在復合句中作主句的賓語。引導詞有連詞that , whether, if;who, whom, whose, what ,which;when ,where, how, why 等。在謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式、分詞、動名詞之后都可以帶有賓語從句。某些形容詞如sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased 等之后也可以帶有賓語從句。
如:
(1)V + 賓語從句,即“動賓”: We believe that he is honest.I asked if they had a cheap suit.Can you tell me which dictionary is hers? I really don’t know what he is doing.例1---Don’t you believe me?
---______, I will believe ______ you say.A.No;whatever B.Yes;no matter what C.No;no matter what D.Yes;whatever 例2“What did your parents think about your decision?” “They always let me do ______ I think I should.”
A.when B.that C.how D.what
(2)prep + 賓語從句,即“介賓”:
He’s pleased with what we did yesterday.Pay attention to what the teacher said.例3 I wish to have a friend with ______ shares my hobbies and interests.A.whomever B.no matter who C.whoever D.anyone 例4 Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game.A.why B.what C.who D.that
(3)adj + 賓語從句,即“形賓”: that 引導的名詞性從句還可以用在一些形容詞后面。這種句型一般都用人作主語,所用的形容詞都是表示思想狀況或感情色彩的形容詞,如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等等。
I am sure/certain that he’s at home now.我肯定他現在在家。He remains confident that he will win.他仍然自信他會贏。She is aware that I can’t help her.她知道我幫不了她的忙。I am glad that you’ve come.你來了我很高興。
I’m sure that my brother will love the jacket./ I am glad that you can come and help me.不能誤將”It + be + adj + that” 的主語從句當成賓語從句.如:It is necessary that we should learn English well.例4 Exercises: I asked her __________ she had a bike.__________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.We’re worried about __________ he is safe.I don’t know __________ he is well or not.I don’t know ___________ or not he is well.The question is __________ he should do it.The doctor can hardly answer the question __________ the old man will recover soon.(1)如果賓語從句是由that 引導,and或but連接的兩個或兩個以上的并列的賓語從句, 那么只有第一個that可以省略,第二個或第二個以后的that不能省略.He said(that)the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.My desk mate told me(that)he watched a football match last night, but that it was very discouraging.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補足語,就用it作形式賓語,將賓語從句后置,并且that不可以省略.He has made it clear that he will win the game.I find it necessary that we should learn English well.We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.(2)表示“建議,命令,要求”的賓語從句,如advise, suggest, order, request, require, demand 等,從句用虛擬語氣,即should+動詞原形,should可省略。
(3)在“主語+ believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的結構中,其否定形式要用否定轉移,即主句否定,從句肯定。
I don’t think he will come.I don’t think I’ll trouble you again.I don’t expect that they will get married soon.(4)賓語從句的時態呼應:
a.如果主句時態是一般現在時或將來時,從句謂語可根據句意需要而選用任一種時態.他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現的.He believes _________________________.b.請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么.Please tell me _________________________.c.如果主句謂語是一般過去時,從句謂語動詞一般用過去的某種時態,但如果從句表達的是客觀事實、真理、自然規律等時,從句謂語通常用一般現在時。
他告訴我他正在為考試做準備.He told me _______________________________.他說他已離開家鄉十年了。He told me _________________________________.老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的.The teacher told us _________________________.例5Exercises:(1)Do you see ______ I mean? A.that B./ C.how D.what(2)Tell me______ is on your mind.A.that B.what C.which D.why(3)We must stick to ______ we have agreed on.A.what B.that C./ D.how(4)Let me see ______.A.that can I repair the radio B.whether I can repair the radio C.I can repair the radio
D.whether can I repair the radio(5)Keep in mind ______.A.that the teacher said
B.what did the teacher say C.that did the teacher say D.what the teacher said
同位語從句
同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語,一般位于該名詞(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后,說明該名詞的具體內容。
e.g.I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.同位語從句中that引導詞與定語從句中 that區別
The father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.同位語從句 The father broke his promise(that)he made last week.定語從句 跟同位語從句的名詞
(只是作為輔助方法判斷同位語從句,不是主要依據。)Advice belief, doubt, explanation, fact, fear, feeling, hope,Idea, news, opinion, order, possibility, promise, problem, probability
Question, reply, report, suggestion, thought, truth, wish, warning
判斷同位語從句的主要依據:(假設法)
假設that 引導的為定語從句,看that 在從句中是否擔當成份,如:he father broke his promise(that)he made last week.定語從句 that 擔當了made的賓語,即made his promise,所以本句為定語從句,否則如The father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.同位語從句,that不擔當從句的成份,所以不是定語從句,為同位語從句。
The father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.同位語從句 The father broke his promise(that)he made last week.定語從句 本節任務:賓語從句,表語從句和同位語從句各找出5個例子。
自主學習完成下列題目
15.The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A.until B.that C.when D.where 16.News came from the school office _____ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A.which B.what C.that D.where 17.-Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport? -No problem.19.One reason for her preference for city life is _____ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A.that B.how C.what D.why 20.The news __________________________(房價將要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)高三英語語法專題------名詞性從句 同步導學案(3)
學習目標:第三部分學案主要解決名詞性從句的疑難點。熱點一.語序與時態:
想一想:名詞性從句中的語序要注意什么問題?
1.No one can be sure _____in a million years.A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like 2.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _____.A.who he is B who he is C who is it D who it is 小結1:不管主句是肯定句、否定句還是疑問句,名詞性從句總是使用_____________.疑點:Mum is coming.What present do you expect _____for your birthday? A.that she has got B.that has she got C.she has got D.has she got 思考:句中出現插入語時,語序該怎么辦? 疑點觀察、總結與拓展:
4.What do you think we should do to solve the problem of air pollution in cities? 5.Where do you suppose he can be? 小結2:以上句子體現了何種句式結構?_____________________________ 小試牛刀:
6.Rose looks worried.What do you think ____________________(她該怎么辦)? Exception :7.He went up to see ________ with her.A what was the matter B what is the matter C what the matter was D what the matter is 思考:1.語序? 2.時態? 能力激活2:
想一想: 賓語從句中的時態應如何與主句時態保持相應的一致?
1.The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things _____. A.has broken into;has been stolen B.had broken into;had been stolen C.has been broken into;stolen D.had been broken into;stolen 2.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office soon. A.leaves B.would leave C. left D. had left 小結1: 主句是過去時態時,賓語從句用_________________.但如果表達真理性 的,則用現在時。
3.I don’t know when_____, but if he _____, I’ll let you know.A.he comes , will come B he will come , will come C he will come, comes D he comes, comes 觀察與比較:I’m not sure if he will come ,but if he comes ,I’ll let you know.小結2:主句是現在時態,賓語從句用_________________.感悟疑點 : He has come, but I didn’t know that he _____ until yesterday.A is coming B will come C was coming D wasn’t coming
熱點二.連接詞的選擇 能力激活3 觀察與思考:that與what 的用法有什么不同? 1.What you need is more practice.2.That he needed a lot of money made us surprised.3.Energy is what makes things work.4.China is no longer what it used to be.5.What impressed me most was that he was always patient with children.6.He told me(that)she was ill and that her mother wouldn’t let her go.7.Word came that our team won the game.歸納:
1.that和what都可以引導名詞性從句。2.what是連接代詞,引導名詞性從句,在從句中有____,必須擔任____,不能_________.3.that是連接詞,本身無______,僅起_____作用,不在從句中擔任______;引導賓語從句時可以省略,但引導多個賓語從句時,只有第 ___個that 可以省略。在引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句時that一般__________。
感悟疑點:
1.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desire to do is walking in space.A where B what C that D how 2.They lost their way in the forest, and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A.that B it C what D which 3._____ no one likes his ideas is not strange at all.A.What B How C When D That 4._____ made the school proud was _____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university.A.What;because B What;that C That;what D That;because 5..Word has came _____some American guests will come for a visit.A.what B.that C.whether D.when 6.He told us _____ his father had died and ____ he had to live alone.A that, / B /, that C what,/ D / , what Test : 1.He often thinks of _____ he can do for his country.2.He often thinks of _____ he can do more for his country.A.what B how C that D which 3.One of the men held the view _____ the book said was right.A that B what that C that what D whether 4.(?)I’m not sure that when he will be back.能力激活4
觀察與思考:在名詞性從句中wh—ever與 wh---有什么異同? 1.Whoever breaks the law should be published.2.whatever was said here must be kept secret.3.I’ll give you whatever you want.4.I’ll give you what you want.小結1: wh-ever 與wh-引導的名詞性從句在語法結構上________,在意義上__________,有“__________”的意思。
體會例題
1.It is a rule in his family that_____ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family.A.anybody B.who C.who that D.whoever 2.I think the doctor is able to care for_____ is the matter with your son.A.all B.what C.whatever D.anything 3.The wild flowers are so special I would do _____ I can to save them.A.whatever B.that C.which D.whichever 觀察、體會與思考:以下從句都是什么從句
1.Whoever breaks the law should be punished.2.Whoever breaks the law , he should be punished.3.________________ breaks the law , he should be punished.4.(?)Who breaks the law should be punished.5.(?)Anyone breaks the law should be punished.小結2 :
wh-ever既可以引導__________從句,又可以引導_________從句.引導名詞性從句時相當于名詞+定語從句;引導讓步狀語從句時相當于__________________.能力激活5
觀察、體會與總結:
1.Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2.Her ability has never been in doubt---the question is whether he is prepared to work hard.3.It depends on whether we will have enough money.5.It doesn’t' t matter whether he' s come back or not.? 小結:名詞性從句只用 whether的幾種情況: 1.主語從句置于__________________.2.引導________從句時,不用 if.3.做______的賓語從句時 4.與______和______連用時.熱點三:幾點特殊用法 能力激活6
思考: 想一想it在名詞性從句中起到什么作用?
1.______ is reported that he will return to his hometown soon.A What B It C As D That 2.I made _____ clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.A this B that C them D it 小結1:.在名詞性從句中,當主語從句置后時,要使用________________.2.在如果賓語從句后邊還有賓語補足語,則用it作_______而將賓語從句放于句末.3.I hate_____ when people talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)A it B that C these D them 4.I should have seen to it that she was told.(我本應該確保通知到她的)
小結3:see to, appreciate, like , love, hate----等動詞后跟上賓語從句時,要使用__________.Exercise : 1.很遺憾他竟然犯了那樣一個錯誤。
_________________________________________ 2.我認為學好英語很重要
____________________________________.能力激活7:學以致用
1.______ is known to us ____ the moon travels around the earth every month.2.______ is known to us is ____the moon travels around the earth every month.3._____ is known to everyone , the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.What B.It C.that D.As 能力激活8 想一想: 當你看到insist, order, commend, suggest, advise, recommend, require, request, desire, urge時,你會想到什么語氣?它的結構是什么樣的?
1.He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off 2.Her pale face suggested that she ______ ill.A.should B.should be C.was D.is 3.The step—mother was punishing the poor girl, but she insisted that she ______the flower vase.A didn’t break B not break C doesn’t break D shouldn’t break 小結:
1.與“命令、要求、建議”等相關的名詞性從句中通常用虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣的構成是_____________________________________.2.suggest 與insist在當___________________意思用時,用陳述語氣
完成相關習題
11.— I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.— That’s ______ I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.what 12.Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _____ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A.what B.that C.why D.whether 13.—I think it is going to be a big problem.—Yes, it could be.—I wonder ___ we can do about it.A.if B.how C.what D.that 14.__ is no possibility ___ Bob can win the first prize I the match.A.There;that B.It;what C.There;whether D.It;whether
英語語法專題------名詞性從句 自主學習完成相關習題
1.It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.A.as B.which C.whether D.that 2.______ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A.That B.Which C.What D.As 3.It is none of your business ______ other people think about you.Believe yourself.A.how B.what C.which D.when 4.___ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which 5.---Are you still thinking about yesterday's game?---Oh, that's_______.A.what makes me feel excite B.whatever I feel excited about C.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited 6.---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.---Is that_______ you had a few days off? A.why B.when C.what D.where
7.Perseverance is a kind of quality and that’s ____ it takes to succeed.A.When B.that C.whether D.what 8.We should consider the students’ request ___ the school library provide more books on popular science.A.that B.when C.which D.where 8.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly____ he wants.A.what B.which C.when D.that 9.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in do anything well.A.what B.that C.which D.why the office knew she was so angry.A.where B.whether C.that D.why here and treat food nicely.A.that B.which C.what D.whether
高三英語語法專題------名詞性從句 同步導學案(1)參考答案
【名詞性從句的引導詞】
1.從屬連詞:that, whether/if, as if/as though, because, 其中that, whether/if, 在從句中不擔任成分,只起到引導從句的功能。that 沒有實際意義。if(whether), 意思為 “是否”。
I don’t care about ____whether______ you have money or not.The problem is ___whether_______ Tom is able to arrive on time.____where(when/how)______ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet.It looks ___as if(as though)_______ it is going to rain.The truth is ____that______he didn’t come for the concert._____That _____ the earth is round is true.易混點whether與if區別
二者都可以作“是否”講,能引導名詞性從句,都不能省略。4.)在及物動詞后引導賓語從句時可以互換;
10.We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have we have 注意:在某些動詞后(如:discuss)只能接whether,不能跟if。如: We discussed whether we should close the shop.5.)引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時都用whether,不用if。如:
The question whether he should come himself or send another man hasn’t been decided.Whether he will win is all the same to me.The question is whether you can go there yourself.如果用形式主語,if和whether都可以 It is unknown whetherif she is ill.6.)如果whether后緊跟or not,不用換做if;若whether與or not分開使用,則可以換作if。如:
I wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.I don’t know whetherif I can come or not.4.)若賓語從句為否定結構,則多用if,而不用whether。如: I don’t care if he doesn’t show up.(在乎,炫耀)
5.)在介詞后引導賓語從句或與帶to的動詞不定式結合而構成不定式的復合結構時,只能用whether,而不用if。如:
I haven’t settled the question of whether I will go back home.She doesn’t know whether to get married now or wait.2、連接代詞:連接代詞指既具有代詞的特點,同時又能夠引導從句的詞。主要有what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, which, whichever。有詞義,在從句中擔任成分,如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等,不能省略。
I don’t believe ____what______ he has achieved so far.__Whoever________ breaks the law should be punished.____What_______ he said encouraged me greatly.what What worried us most is____who____ let out the secret.who
3、連接副詞:連接副詞指既具有副詞的特點,同時又能夠引導從句的詞。主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever有詞義,在從句中擔任成分,作狀語。
____when_____ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.(此題答案需要再討論)Parents are thought to understand ___how_______ important education is to their children’s future.The reason ___why_______ he was absent was that he was ill.This is__where/when/how__________ the accident happened.一、判斷下列各句哪句含有名詞性從句,并指出是什么從句: 1.China is no longer what it used to be.2.The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3.It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4.How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6.The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7.That is where Lu Xun used to live.8.He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9.Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school? 10.I wonder why she refused my invitation.參考答案
一、1、表語從句;
2、同位語從句;
3、不是;
4、主語從句;
5、同位語從句;
6、不是;
7、表語從句;
8、賓語從句;
9、不是;
10、賓語從句
主語從句
1、主語從句在復合句作主語。引導主語從句的引導詞如下:who,that,which,what,when,where,how,whether,why,whoever,whichever,whatever等。
e.g.Who will go is not important.When they will come hasn't been made public.他們來的時間沒有公布。
2、用it作形式主語,主語從句放在句末。
e.g.It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的頭發正在變白,這使她很不安。
It is a pity that you missed such a good chance.3、that引導主語從句時,不能省略。
e.g.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.4.whoever,whatever,whichever引導的主語從句(1)whoever相當于anyone who,表明泛指關系,表示 “任何??的人都,凡是??的人都”。Whoever comes will be welcome.誰來都是受歡迎的。
(2)whatever相當于anything that,表示“無論什么??”。
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.在這里所說的一切都要保密。(3)whichever意為“無論哪個,無論哪些”。既可指人,也 可指物;既可單獨使用,也可修飾名詞,也可以跟of短語連用。
Whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others.無論我們中哪一個先完成了任務都將幫助其他人。Whichever book you choose doesn't matter to me.你選哪本書不關我的事。5.what與that引導主語從句的區別 what引導主語從句時,表示“所??的(東西)”,并且 在從句中充當句子成分;而that作為從屬連詞,引導主語從句時,其本身沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,不可省略。
What she was afraid of was their taking her daughter abroad.她害怕的是他們帶她女兒出國。
That he will refuse the offer is unlikely.他不可能拒絕這個報價。It is reported that three people were killed in the accident.據報道,三個人在這次事故中死亡。
例題: some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A.Whether B.What C.That D.How 答案:B
例題: It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.A.how B.which C.that D.what 答案:D
第四篇:2010高考二輪復習英語教案——專題九 名詞性從句
2010高考二輪復習英語教案
專題九 名詞性從句
【專題要點】名詞性從句考點概覽:1.that和what引導名詞性從句的區別;2.名詞從句的語序和時態;3.it作形式賓語的幾種情況;4.that從句作介詞賓語;5.賓語從句的否定轉移; 6.whether和if的用法區別;7.what在名詞性從句中的使用;8.doubt后的名詞性從句的使用。【考綱要求】考綱明確要求考生在復習備考中應該掌握名詞性從句的基本用法;一些易混引導詞的辨析;句子的語序、否定前移;名詞性從句和定語從句、狀語從句的辨析等。【教法指引】名詞性從句一直很受高考命題者的關注,分析近五年來的名詞性從句的考點,從出題者的角度,就是要考察名詞性從句中的語序以及引導詞之間的區別。有時候,會結合插入語或名詞與同位語隔開,或使句子結構復雜化等使得難度增加。其實,總的難度和變化都不大。但是從考生的角度來說,如果考生對句子結構掌握不過硬,對某些詞或詞組的用法不了解,就會容易造成和定語從句、狀語從句的混淆,造成根本環節的誤判而用其他從句的規則去解題。造成丟分,為此,在復習備考中教師可以按照如下要求做好指導: 1.扎實做好名詞性從句基本用法的復習;
2.小心辨析,采用對比分析法,從結構和句意兩方面分析定語從句和名詞性從句,尤其是定語從句和同位語從句的區別。
2.從結構入手,分析名詞性從句和狀語從句之間的關系及區別。3.加強名詞性從句引導詞各自意義,用法,特點的辨析。4.加強長、難句的分析和理解練習。
【知識網絡】
名詞性從句的用法
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(Noun Clauses)。名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
一、引導名詞性從句的連接詞 引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類: 連詞:that(無任何詞意)
whether, if(均表示“是否”表明從句內容的不確定性)as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)以上在從句中均不充當任何成分
連接代詞:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.whichever, whomever 連接副詞:when, where, how, why 不可省略的連詞:
1.介詞后的連詞
2.引導主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比較:
whether與if 均為“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1.whether引導主語從句并在句首; 2.引導表語從句
3.whether從句作介詞賓語;
4.從句后有“or not” Whether he will come is not clear.大部分連接詞引導的主語從句都可以置于句末,用 it充當形式主語。
It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.二.具體分類
1、主語從句
作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that,whether,if和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義,只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用,在從句中充當從句的成分。例如:
What he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我們說什么,還不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer.我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英語晚會將在哪里舉行,還沒有宣布。
有時為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首,而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數形式。常用句型如下:
(1)It + be + 名詞 + that從句(2)It + be + 形容詞 + that從句(3)It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句(4)It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句
另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時,謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should)+do”,常用的句型有:
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that … It is a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.)that…
It is suggested(requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that…
2、賓語從句
名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。1.由連接詞that引導的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如:
He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。
We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我們決不能認為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。
注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后,賓語從句常用“(should)+ 動詞原形”。例如: I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我堅持要她自己工作。
The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令員命令部隊馬上出發。2.用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如: I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告訴了你什么。
She always thinks of how she can work well.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
She will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。3.用whether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if: a.引導主語從句并在句首時;b.引導表語從句時;c.引導從句作介詞賓語時;d.從句后有“or
not”時;e.后接動詞不定式時。例如:
Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。I wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他來還是不來。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留?
4.注意賓語從句中的時態呼應,當主句動詞是現在時,從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用 不同時態。例如:
he studies English every day.(從句用一般現在時)he studied English last term.(從句用一般過去時)
I know(that)he will study English next year.(從句用一般將來時)he has studied English since 1998.(從句用現在完成時)
當主句動詞是過去時態(could, would除外),從句則要用相應的過去時態,如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現象,則從句仍用現在時態。例如:
The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.
5.think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變為否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如: We don’t think you are here.我們認為你不在這。I don’t believe he will do so.我相信他不會這樣做。
3、表語從句
在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,表語從句位于連系動詞后,有時用as if引導。其基本結構為:主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如:
The fact is that we have lost the game.事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。That’s just what I want.這正是我想要的。
This is where our problem lies.這就是我們的問題所在。
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain.看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,當主語是reason時,表語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如:
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.【點撥】whether 可引導表語從句,但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。
4、同位語從句
同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導,可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如: The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么時候回來。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
三、對比與用法
1、同位語從句和定語從句的區別:
that作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略; that引導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個例句: I had no idea that you were here.(that引導同位語從句,不能省略)
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略)
2、That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置于句末。用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系: a.It + be +形容詞+ that-從句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明顯…… b.It + be +-ed 分詞+ that-從句 It is believed that… 人們相信…… It is known to all that… 從所周知…… It has been decided that… 已決定…… c.It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識 It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事實是…… d.It +不及物動詞+ that-分句 It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整個計劃注定要失敗。It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
3、否定轉移
1)將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。I don't think I know you.我想我并不認識你。I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回來。
注意:若謂語動詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。I hope you weren't ill.我想你沒有生病吧。
2)將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉移到前面。It doesn't seem that they know where to go.看來他們不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。
第五篇:XX高考二輪復習英語教案- 名詞性從句
XX高考二輪復習英語教案: 名詞性從句
010高考二輪復習英語教案:名詞性從句
【專題要點】名詞性從句考點概覽:1that和hat引導名詞性從句的區別;2名詞從句的語序和時態;3it作形式賓語的幾種情況;4that從句作介詞賓語;賓語從句的否定轉移;
6hether和if的用法區別;7hat在名詞性從句中的使用;8dubt后的名詞性從句的使用。
【考綱要求】考綱明確要求考生在復習備考中應該掌握名詞性從句的基本用法;一些易混引導詞的辨析;句子的語序、否定前移;名詞性從句和定語從句、狀語從句的辨析等。
【教法指引】名詞性從句一直很受高考命題者的關注,分析近五年來的名詞性從句的考點,從出題者的角度,就是要考察名詞性從句中的語序以及引導詞之間的區別。有時候,會結合插入語或名詞與同位語隔開,或使句子結構復雜化等使得難度增加。其實,總的難度和變化都不大。但是從考生的角度來說,如果考生對句子結構掌握不過硬,對某些詞或詞組的用法不了解,就會容易造成和定語從句、狀語從句的混淆,造成根本環節的誤判而用其他從句的規則去解題。造成丟分,為此,在復習備考中教師可以按照如下要求做好指導:
扎實做好名詞性從句基本用法的復習;
2.小心辨析,采用對比分析法,從結構和句意兩方面分析定語從句和名詞性從句,尤其是定語從句和同位語從句的區別。
2.從結構入手,分析名詞性從句和狀語從句之間的關系及區別。
3.加強名詞性從句引導詞各自意義,用法,特點的辨析。
4.加強長、難句的分析和理解練習。
【知識網絡】
名詞性從句的用法
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句+d”,常用的句型有:
Itisneessarthat…
Itisapitthat…
Itissuggestedthat…
2、賓語從句
名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導賓語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句表語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。
由連接詞that引導的賓語從句
由連接詞that引導賓語從句時,that在句中不擔任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如:
HehastldethatheillgtShanghaitrr他已經告訴我他明天要去上海。
eustneverthinearegdineverthinghilethersaregdinnthing我們決不能認為自己什么都好,別人什么都不好。
注意:在deand、rder、suggest、deide、insist,desire,request,and等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后,賓語從句常用“(shuld)+動詞原形”。例如:
Iinsistthatshedherralne我堅持要她自己工作。
Theanderrderedthattrpssetffatne司令員命令部隊馬上出發。
2用
h,h,hih,hse,hat,hen,here,h,h,hever,hatever,hihever等關聯詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句,應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如:
Ianttnhathehastldu我想知道他告訴了你什么。
Shealasthinsfhsheanrell她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。
Sheillgiveheverneedshelpaarsupprt凡需要幫助的人,她都會給予熱情的支持。
3用hether或if引導的賓語從句,其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒,仍保持陳述句語序。此外,hether與if在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用hether,不用if:
a引導主語從句并在句首時;b引導表語從句時;引導從句作介詞賓語時;d從句后有“rnt”時;e后接動詞不定式時。例如:
hetherthereislifenthenisaninterestingquestin月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。
Thequestinishethersheshuldhavealpininfthetest?
Everthingdependsnhetherehaveenughne一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。
Inderhetherheillernt我想知道他來還是不來。
anutellehethertgrtsta?你能否告訴我是去還是留?
4注意賓語從句中的時態呼應,當主句動詞是現在時,從句根據自身的句子情況,而使用
不同時態。例如:
hestudiesEnglisheverda(從句用一般現在時)
hestudiedEnglishlastter(從句用一般過去時)
InheillstudEnglishnextear(從句用一般將來時)
hehasstudiedEnglishsine1998(從句用現在完成時)
當主句動詞是過去時態(uld,uld除外),從句則要用相應的過去時態,如一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時等;當從句表示的是客觀真理,科學原理,自然現象,則從句仍用現在時態。例如:
TheteahertldusthatThadleftusfrAeria.
thin,believe,iagine,suppse等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中,要把上述主句中的動詞變為否定式。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如:
edn’tthinuarehere我們認為你不在這。
Idn’tbelieveheillds我相信他不會這樣做。
3、表語從句
在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯詞與引導主語從句的關聯詞大致一樣,表語從句位于連系動詞后,有時用asif引導。其基本結構為:主語+系動詞+that從句。例如:
Thefatisthatehavelstthegae事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。
That’susthatIant這正是我想要的。
Thisishereurprblelies這就是我們的問題所在。
Thatishhedidn’tettheeeting那就是他為什么不到會的原因。
Itlsasifitisgingtrain看上去天要下雨了。
需要注意的,當主語是reasn時,表語從句要用that引導而不是beause。例如:
Thereasnhheaslateasthatheissedthetrainbneinutethisrning
【點撥】hether可引導表語從句,但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。
4、同位語從句
同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導,可用于同位語從句的名詞有advie、deand、dubt、fat、hpe、idea、infratin、essage、nes、rder、prble、prise、questin、request、suggestin、truth、ish、rd等。例如:
Thenesthatenthegaeisexiting 我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。
Ihavenideahenheillebahe我不知道他什么時候回來。
Thethughtaethithatarhadprbablfallenill他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
三、對比與用法、同位語從句和定語從句的區別:
that作為關系代詞,可以引導定語從句,充當句子成分,在從句中作賓語時可以省略;that引導同位語從句時,起連詞的作用,沒有實際意義,不充當句子成分,一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個例句:
Ihadnideathatuerehere.(that引導同位語從句,不能省略)
Haveugttheidea
(that)thisbgivesuflifeinanientGreee?(that引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略)
2、That-從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置于句末。
用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關系:
aIt+be+形容詞+that-從句
Itisneessarthat… 有必要……
Itisiprtantthat… 重要的是……
Itisbviusthat… 很明顯……
bIt+be+-ed分詞+that-從句
Itisbelievedthat… 人們相信……
Itisnntallthat… 從所周知……
Ithasbeendeidedthat… 已決定……
It+be+名詞+that-從句
Itisnnledgethat… ……是常識
Itisasurprisethat… 令人驚奇的是……
Itisafatthat… 事實是……
dIt+不及物動詞+that-分句
Itappearsthat… 似乎……
Ithappensthat… 碰巧……
Iturredtethat… 我突然想起……
Itisquitelearthatthehlepretisdedtfailure
很清楚,整個計劃注定要失敗。
It'sapitthatushuldhavetleave
你非走不可真是憾事。
3、否定轉移)將thin,believe,suppse,expet,fan,iagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉移到主句中,即主句的謂語動詞用否定式,而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式。
Idn'tthinInu 我想我并不認識你。
Idn'tbelieveheille 我相信他不回來。
注意:若謂語動詞為hpe,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉移。
Ihpeueren'till我想你沒有生病吧。
2)將see,appear等后的從句的否定轉移到前面。
Itdesn'tseethatthenheretg
看來他們不知道往哪去。
Itdesn'tappearthate'llhaveasunndatrr
看來我們明天不會碰上好天氣。