第一篇：美國通用公司高管介紹GM 中英文對照(自編稿)

Good morning, everybody, it’s great to be here and I thank the organizers for inviting General Motors to participate in this important conference.Over the years, the APEC CEO Summit has developed into a crucial forum for dialogue and action on issue that cut across not only the Pacific Rim but all countries.This morning’s topic, Global Corporate Social Responsibility, is an example of an issue that truly does cut across all borders.The world we live in today truly is a global village.It’s a small world, and all companies are under a microscope.大家早上好！很高興來到這里，同時感謝主辦方邀請通用汽車公司出席這一重要會議。多年來，APEC CEO峰會已經發展成為一個發起國家對話，解決國際爭端的重要平臺。這個平臺不光影響到環太平洋地區，而是全球/所有國家。今天的主題：“全球企業社會責任”，是一個討論真正跨越國界議題的實例。今天我們生活的世界真正是一個地球村。我們這個世界很小，所有公司都是微觀世界活動的一份子。

To set the stage for our panel discussion, I would like to offer just a few observations and comments based on General Motors’ broad global footprint and our long history as a corporate citizen of many different countries.為準備我們的小組討論，我想基于美國通用公司談談個人的看法和體會。這些看法和體會是建立在通用公司作為很多不同國家的企業公民這幾年在全球范圍內的發展足跡以及我們公司悠久歷史的基礎上的。

Let me say first that it’s especially appropriate that we are discussing these issues here in china.China has opened its economy faster and more broadly than most observers would have imagined.Yet that opening also highlights many of the well-publicized fears of foreign investment, market integration and globalization.The critics express fear, fear that the process of globalization and the global corporation involved in it may undermine national authority, local culture and the national environment.首先我想說，我們在中國談論這些問題是尤為合適的。中國更快、更廣地開放其經濟超乎了大多數人的想象。然而，這種開放也突顯了許多廣為人知的對國外投資、市場一體化。和全球化的擔憂。評論家們表示擔心，它所涉及到的全球化進程和國際大公司，及其運作可能會破壞國家權威，本地文化和環境。

Speaking from my own experience and that of General Motors, a company that has done business around the world for nearly a hundred years and now has operations in around 200 countries, I believe these concerns are misplaced.The data show that global corporations play a positive role in improving income and working conditions, in caring for the environment, in improving education and in raising living standards in general.That role starts, of course, with the business itself.Companies make the invaluable social contribution of generating jobs, transferring managerial and technological know-how, providing training, and generating tax revenues for governments.Those things are the essentials of any countries’ and any communities’ own well-being and progress.根據我個人的經驗和通用公司的經歷，通用遍布全球的經營已有近百年，而且目前已在約200個國家設立了分公司，我認為這些擔憂是沒有必要的。數據顯示，國際公司在提高人們收入和改善工作條件、改善環境、改進教育和普遍提高生活水平方面發揮了積極的作用。當然，這一作用的開始，源于商業本身。公司/企業對社會做出了寶貴的貢獻，諸如創造就業機會/刺激就業，傳授管理和技術知識/把管理知識、技術知識轉化為實際，提供培訓以及為政府創造稅收。而這些是任何想要提供福利和取得進步的國家和社區所必須具備（的東西）。

However, my own view is that successful companies have an obligation to do more than the basic contributions generated by their own business activity.A commitment to paying a fair day’s pay for a fair day’s work is really only the starting point.Beyond that is a commitment to an employee health and safety.In the case of General Motors, we have adopted the same health safety standards for every plant we operate no matter where it’s located.And these standards exceed all local requirements.We are the industry leader in health and safety in the United States and around the world.In the environmental area, we also apply best practices in all plants around the world.但是，我認為成功的企業有義務不僅僅限于（通過）它們的商業活動（帶來的基本貢獻）。有一天工作則有一天報酬的承諾只是一個起點、除此之外/而更高的要求是，（還應）保證雇員的健康和安全。就通用汽車來說，我們都采用同樣的健康安全標準，無論我們的工廠在哪個地方。而且這些標準都是超過當地要求的。在美國和世界各地，我們是健康和安全方面的領頭羊/先行企業。在環境領域，我們也將最佳解決方案/采用最好的做法應用在世界各地的通用工廠中。

We do these because it’s what our own core values lead us to do.Our core values define what we want to achieve and what we want to stand for as a company.They are not only our roadmap for corporate social responsibility.They are the drivers of all our decisions and activities in all countries.They are in essence our code of conduct.So I’d like to take a moment to describe them to you briefly.我們這樣做的原因是受我們的核心價值觀的指導。我們的核心價值觀界定了我們公司的目標成就和我們公司的定位和形象。它們不僅僅是我們企業社會責任路線圖/具體規劃，而且是我們在許多國家戰略制定和公司運作的動力。它們本質上來說就是我們的行為準則。因此我想花一些時間來簡短地說明一下我們的核心價值。

Our first core value is customer enthusiasm.We will dedicate ourselves to products and services that create enthusiastic customers.No one will be second guessed for doing the right things for the customers.我們的第一個核心價值觀是消費者的熱情。我們將致力于產品和服務以刺激消費者熱情。沒有人會（再三）懷疑為消費者做事是對的。

Second is continuous improvement.We will set ambitious goals, stretch to meet them and then raise the bar again and again.We believe that everything can be done better, faster and more effectively in a learning environment.二是不斷完善。我們將樹立雄心勃勃的目標，且盡全力實現/達到這些目標并不斷提升標準。我們相信在一個學習的環境中我們可以把每一件事情做得更好，更快和更有效。

Third is integrity.We will stand for honesty and trust in everything we do.We will say what we believe and do what we say.三是誠信。我們將奉行誠實和信任。說心中所想，做口中所說/我們主張我們所信奉的，履行我們所主張的。

Forth is teamwork.We will win by thinking and acting together as one General Motors team, focused on global leadership.Our strengths are our highly-skilled people and our diversity.四是團隊精神。我們取得成功的方式是，作為一個統一的通用汽車公司來共同思考和行動并專注于全球領導。我們的優勢在于我們高技能的成員和我們的多樣性。

Fifth is innovation.We will challenge conventional thinking, explore new technology and implement new ideas, regardless of their source, faster than the competition.五是創新。我們將挑戰傳統思維，探索新技術實施新創意以在競爭中贏得優勢，不管（這些新技術和新創意的）出處何在。

Sixth is individual respect and responsibility.We will be respectful of the individuals we work with, and we will take personal responsibility for our actions and for the results of our work.第六是個人尊嚴和責任。我們尊重與我們共事的每個個人，并將對我們的行為和勞動成果承擔個人責任。

Every single GM employee around the globe is aware of these six core values.全球各地每一個通用汽車的員工都了解這六個核心價值觀。

around them, using them to broaden employees’ That’s really no surprise.Those codes are what define a company’s character and set it apart from its competition.If you see yourself as an enterprise that wants to grow and wants to be respected, the kind of enterprise that any employee anywhere in the world will strive to be a part of, then, your core values will reflect that.And they will lead you to run your business in a manner that goes far beyond what the critics of globalization often seem to perceive as narrow and short-term self-interest.在中國，我們為員工開設了學習課程及培訓課程，以此來開闊他們對領導力、責任與問責的視野并加深對它們認識。不僅僅只有GM公司在定義企業價值來驅使和衡量行為。最近美國一項商務圓桌會議的研究顯示，有30家美國主要的企業與我們有著相近的行為規范，這不足為奇。這些行為規范界定了一個企業的特質并使其在競爭中領先/脫穎而出。如果你視自己是一個想要發展，希望被敬重的企業，那種世界各地的員工都努力成為其中一份子的企業，那么你的企業核心價值就可以反映這一點。它們將引領企業以這樣一種方式來管理，這種方式遠遠超過全球化的評論家所謂的狹隘的短期自我利益。

Now returning to General Motors, our activity here in China is a good example of how core values transform words into deeds.Actually, we are not newcomers to China.The original GM China was established in 1929, with offices right here in Shanghai.Like so many other companies, we closed our operations in China during WWⅡ.When China began opening its economy in more recent years, we were very eager to re-enter the market.Today, China is the world’s fastest growing economy and it’s potentially the world’s largest vehicle market.現在回到剛才談的通用公司，我們在中國這邊的活動正是一個很好的例子，展示了這些核心價值是如何把我們的承諾（或言語）轉變成行動的。事實上，我們并不是首次進駐中國，最初通用汽車中國公司總部于1929年在上海成立。與其他很多公司一樣，在二戰期間我們停止了在中國的運營。特別是近幾年來，中國開始實行經濟開放，我們非常渴望能夠再次進駐中國市場。今天，中國是世界經濟增長最快的強國并且有潛力成為世界最大的汽車市場。afford to own a car, of course, but we know that a huge number of them are already near that point.Per capita GDP in China’s coastal region, an area with about 400 million people, is virtually the same as that in most of the central European countries in terms of purchasing power.讓我先給你們說說這潛力有多大。中國大約有13億人口，當然，并不是所有的人都買得起車，但我們知道其中很大一部分人已經接近買車的購買力。在中國沿海地區大約有4億人口，事實上就購買力而言，其人均GDP與大多數的中歐國家是一樣的。, let’s take a look at Poland, a nation of only 40 million people.Poland had a total car market of about 500,000 units last year, compared to only about 650,000 in all of China.So you can see the potential growth in China is huge.A lot needs to be done in developing the infrastructure to support growth, in terms of roads, in terms of the sales and distribution(that work)and…, also in terms of financing.However, progresses have already been made, and with China’s entry into the WTO, I believe that this progress will accelerate at a rapid pace.With that kind of potential, all of the major players in the auto industry today would love to have a solid presence here.The companies that automatically win, though, will be the ones whose core values lead them to the kind of commitment and innovation that will win the hearts and minds of these future customers.舉例來說，我們來看看波蘭這個擁有4千萬人口的國家的一些情況。波蘭去年汽車市場總消費50萬輛汽車, 相比之下,中國只消費了65萬輛.所以你們可以看到中國的汽車市場具有十分大的潛力.要促進汽車經濟的發展, 還需要加強基礎設施的建設,諸如道路, 銷售與物流途徑和融資方面的建設.但是, 這些基礎設施的建設已經取得了長足的進步.我相信隨著中國加入世貿組織, 這種進步勢頭會發展得更加迅速。基于中國有這么大的市場潛力, 汽車行業的這些汽車公司不會放棄這個在中國市場扎根發展的好機會.只有那些堅持承諾與創新核心價值的公司才可以贏得了他們潛在客戶的心，從而使他們在汽車市場的競爭中取得勝利。

Let me give a quick overview of our activity/activities in China today.We have around 3,900 employees, and out of that figure, about expected the number of expats in our China operation will decline from the current level of around 100 to about 50 within a relatively short time.Longer term, given our experiences in other countries, I will expect us to operate with just a handful of expatriates.Our workforce here is highly-educated, well-trained and very eager to do more.We also expect many local employees to move up to higher positions not only within GM China but in other operations around the globe.Just last week, I had the pleasure of meeting with several Chinese nationals, many of whom have worked at GM China and are now working at our headquarters and vehicle operations in the Detroit area.They are a most impressive group.現在我想快速地談談/簡單概述一下我們公司在中國市場上的發展狀況。我公司大約有3900名員工，其中有3800名，也就是97%，都是中國公民。外國員工占據大多數的關鍵職位對很多年輕的分公司來說是很典型的現象，但是我們希望我們的中國分公司的外國員工可以在相對短的時間里從現在的100左右降到50.從長遠來說，鑒于我們在其他國家的經驗，我希望將來只會和一小部分外國員工共事。這里的員工是一批受過良好教育而訓練有素的工作隊伍，并且，他們十分渴望做出更多的成績。我們也希望有許多中國的員工能夠不僅在通用中國，而且在通用位于世界其他地區的公司逐步提升職位/向更高的職位努力。

就在上周，我很榮幸會見了幾位中國籍同事，他們有些曾在中國的通用公司工作過，而如今在位于底特律的公司總部和汽車公司工作。他們讓我印象很深刻。

Here in Shanghai, we have a 50-50 joint venture called Shanghai GM, SGM, we call it for short.Its activities range from sheet metal US $1.5 b.Products manufactured at SGM include our family of 4 midsize sedans, based on the Buick Regal and Century built in the U.S., the Buick GL8 executive wagon, also based on the van built in the U.S., and Buick Excelle, a compact car based on the Opel Corsa, originally designed and built in Europe.在上海，我們有一個5：5對半開的合資企業，叫上海通用汽車公司，簡稱為SGM。其活動范圍包括，薄鋼板成形、引擎、傳動裝臵的制造，以及汽車裝配、銷售和經營。總投資達到約15億美元。

上海通用汽車公司所生產的產品有我們四款中型轎車系列，包括了基于美產別克君威、別克世紀和別克GL8陸上公務艙/陸尊設計的三款車型，以及以歐寶可賽為藍本的緊湊型轎車別克凱越，歐寶可賽原產并設計于歐洲。

The sale of China’s first compact car intended specifically for the growing middle class.All of these vehicles are tailored to specific driving conditions, regulations, and customer desires here in China, tailored to our Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center, or PATAC joint venture.And I have more to say about PATAC in a moment.中國首輛jinc轎車的首要銷售目標就是不斷壯大的中產階級。所有的這些車子都是依據中國特定的道路行車條件，管理條例以及客戶需求而量身定做，也適合了泛亞汽車技術有限公司，也就是PATAC合資企業的需要。稍后我還將對PATAC進行進一步說明。

The Shanghai Manufacturing and Assembly Complex is the most advanced in all of China.It uses state-of-the-art processes in the areas of flexible tooling, for example, a lean manufacturing.It also incorporates some of the industry’s most advanced pollution control equipment and procedures, including emissions and waste water treatment technology.We also have a 50-50 truck manufacturing joint venture in the city of Shenyang, which we call Jin Bei GM.This plant represents an investment of U.S $ 230 m, and it, too, incorporates state-of-the-art manufacturing processes, and pollution control equipment and procedures.It began building the Chevrolet Blazer, which is a SUV, sport utility vehicle, just this past spring….And later this year, it’s going to start building the Chevrolet S10 Crew Cab pick-up truck

上海機械制造組裝聯合體是中國在此方面最先進的。它采用了世界頂級的靈活的加工工藝，例如，精實生產。同時，它還采用了行業最先進的污染控制設備和程序，其中包括廢棄排放以及污水處理系統。

同時我們在沈陽的一家卡車制造合資企業，也就是沈陽金杯通用汽車公司，占有50%的股份。美國在此個公司的注入資金達到 23000萬。同時，這一公司也同樣采用了世界頂級的制造工藝和最先進的控制污染排放設備。今年春天，它已經開始生產雪佛蘭開拓者，這是一款多功能運動車。今年下半年，它還將開始生產雪佛蘭S10款的輕運貨車/雪佛蘭S10雙排座皮卡。

In corporation with our Chinese partner in SGM, we established the Pan Asia Technical Automotive Center in 1997.This is a U.S.$ 50 m investment that provides automotive engineering services for its parent companies and other automotive companies not only in China but throughout the Asia Pacific region.The services it provides include design, development testing and validation of components in vehicles.Finally, our GMAC financial services subsidiary has established an office here in China, and is poised a major role in vehicle financing following China’s entry into the World Trade Organization.Last year, our total vehicle sales in China were slightly more than 30,000 units and we expect to sell more than double that number this year.在上海通用公司的中國同伴的協作下，我們于1997年成立了泛亞汽車技術中心。這個中心投資額達5千萬美元，旨在為其母公司及中國乃至亞太地區的其他汽車公司提供技術維護，其領域涉及汽車設計，發展測試，零件構成確認。此外，提供金融輔助服務的GMAC(通用汽車金融服務公司)也在中國設有辦事處，隨著中國加入WTO，本公司正蓄勢待發成為汽車理財的主導。去年，我們在中國銷售汽車30000多輛，今年我們希望這個數字至少可以翻一番。

We are also now eagerly awaiting all the necessary government approvals to begin operating another new joint venture with Wuling Automotive which builds and sells many vans and many trucks in China.So, I think you get the idea we are a major player in China’s growing automotive market.We’ve also established several partnerships and initiatives in China that create benefit beyond those of our direct business.For example, we have been an active partner with the Chinese government in addressing current and emerging environmental challenges.同時，我們熱切期盼中國政府能支持我們與上汽通用五菱汽車股份有限公司合作建成一所新的合資公司生產銷售貨車和卡車。現在我想各位已經可以感受到在中國不斷發展的汽車市場中，通用公司是一個重要的參與者。另外，我們也發起及參與了一些合作項目，其效益遠不局限于商業利益。例如，我們積極與中國政府合作共同應對當前以及新出現的環境挑戰。

This includes a joint research project with the Chinese and the U.S.environmental protection agencies, to sample air quality and to determine primary sources of pollution.其中包括由中美環境保護機構聯合啟動的研究計劃,此項計劃包括制出空氣質量樣例/抽樣檢測空氣質量及列出污染主要排放物。

In this vein, we have taken a lead role in advocating the benefits and the use of unleaded fuel in China.We’ve also partnered with the Chinese regulatory and safety community on researching development of safety and health standards to ensure that the best available technology is used.在中國，我們在提倡使用無鉛燃料及其帶來的好處方面一直起著代頭作用。同時為了確保能夠利用目前最先進最優良的技術對環境安全與健康標準進行研究，我們也與中國監管安全委員會建立了合作伙伴關系。

And we sponsor more a dozen study tours to the U.S.by Chinese government officials on matters of health, safety and the environment.同時我們贊助了十二多趟中國政府官員到美國就健康安全及環境問題進行實地考察游學的活動。

Our commitment to education and… begins with our own employees.GM China employees, like other GM employees around the globe, have many training and education opportunities beyond the scope of their job, including many of the same courses available in the U.S.Employees at our vehicle joint venture here in China received 170,000 hours of training last year alone.At a broader level, we’ve signed a science research cooperation agreement with the Natural Science Foundation of China.Under this agreement, we will donate $ 1 m over

a five-year period for joint research and development projects on safety, the environment and health.我們承諾首先對我們的員工進行教育培訓。通用公司中國地區的員工與全球其他地區的雇員一樣，除了本職工作的再培訓之外，享有許多培訓教育的機會，他們的培訓課程與美國總部的是一樣的。僅去年，中國地區的通用員工就接受了長達170,000培訓課時。在更廣的層面上，我們還與國家自然科學基金委員會簽訂了一份科學研究合作協議。根據此項協議，對于健康安全環境問題五年聯合研究發展項目，我們將出資100萬美元予以支持。

The agreement will also ensure that deserving scientists in China are honored for the work.This is all in addition to around US $ 4 m that GM has committed to research development in engineering within a number of outstanding Chinese universities over the past few years.We’ve also jointed with other companies in China and with APEC to develop world-class customs processes and to train customs officials here in Shanghai.This is, of course, part of APEC zone Shanghai Model Port Project whose lessons will be shared throughout the APEC community.Finally, we’ve developed customized training in management development programs for our joint venture partners as well as our own employees in China.Again, all of these activities and commitments are driven by our own core values.Those values define what we want to achieve and what we want to stand for in China and everywhere that we do business.GM is also proud to play a key role in drafting The Global Sullivan Principles.These principles serve as a guide for companies of all sizes all over the globe, particularly in developing countries.The focus is respect for employees as well as health, safety and dignity.這項協議不僅將確保中國那些優秀的科學家們在此項工作中獲得尊敬，同時也是通用公司對一些著名高校提供工程項目研發資金的又一資助，眾所周知，在過去幾年里，通用公司已經提供了相關資助金費四百美元。我們與中國的其他公司以及亞太經濟合作組織合作，致力于形成世界一流的通關程序，在上海，我們還開展了專門的海關官員培訓。當然，這是APEC上海示范通關點項目的一部分，這一項目的經驗將會在APEC成員國之間相互分享。最后，對于我們的合作伙伴以及我們中國的所有員工，我們進行了管理發展計劃的定制培訓。所有這些都再次表明了，我們一切的活動和承諾，都是圍繞著我們通用公司的核心價值而展開的，這些價值決定了我們在中國及世界其他地區想要取得的以及我們的立場。同時，對于通用公司在起草全球蘇利文原則中所發揮的重要的作用，我們也深感自豪。

By endorsing them, companies become a model for other companies in each country to follow.The original Sullivan principles were established in 1977 to define and measure corporate conduct in South Africa.At that time, the Reverend Leon Sullivan(Rev.Leon Sullivan, a West Virginia native, was an African American Preacher, social activist, and educator responsible for leading international efforts to promote nonviolent social and economic change.), their creator was serving on GM’s board of directors.In 1999, I had the privilege of introducing The Global Sullivan Principles and the Rev.Leon Sullivan at the UN.We’ve endorsed these principles because, like our own core values, they are not only the right thing to do but they also make good business sense.Companies that demonstrate their commitment to such principles and values through their deeds rather than by words are in the end companies that are successful, successful in the market, in the workplace and in the community.Finally, we views partnerships with other companies as well as communities and non-governmental organizations to leverage our own resources in such areas as education and caring for the natural environment.The Nature Conservancy, which has several major projects underway here in China, is one example of that.同意遵守此原則的公司成為了各國其他公司的榜樣。全球蘇利文原則最早于1977年建立，主要是定義與衡量南非公司的公司行為。當時，該原則創始人利昂·蘇利文為通用汽車公司董事會成員。1999年，我有幸能將蘇利文原則與蘇利文老師/牧師一起推廣到聯合國。我們同意這些原則是因為，正如我們的核心價值理念，它們不僅是正確的事，同時他們是促進商業發展的。那些用行動而非語言來遵循該原則及價值觀的公司將贏得市場、業界及社區上的最終成功。最后，我們期待能利用自身資源，與其他公司、團體及非政府組織進行教育、環保等方面的合作。美國自然保育協會就是合作者之一，他們正在中國正進行著幾項重要項目。

Like many other companies, we partner with the Natural Conservancy because we share the same concerns and goals for the environment.By working together, each partner achieves far more than it could on its own.And more and more companies as well as governments are coming to recognize the synergies and benefits of this approach.We’ve contributed nearly US $ 16 m to the Natural Conservancy over the past 8 years and we’ve involved in several of its major projects, including the Yunnan Great Rivers Conservation and Development Project here in China.Again, we are doing all these things not only because they are the right thing to do, they also make good business sense.As I said, this is a small world in which we are all under a microscope.More than ever, the most successful companies will be the ones that go beyond that starting point of a fair day’s pay for a fair day’s work.They will be the ones that make the extra commitment as corporate citizens that go beyond what’s merely required.In my mind, the companies that do these will always stand out clearly among all others.And I hope that is the goal of everyone here this morning.Thank you very much.和其他許多公司一樣，我們同美國自然保育協會合作是因為我們對環境有著共同的關心和發展目標。通過合作，每一個成員都能夠最大化的達到各自的目標，所以現在越來越多的公司和政府機構也意識到了通力協作的益處。在過去8年里，我們已經向其捐助資金近$1600萬同時也參與了一些主要工程，包括在中國云南的大河保護發展項目。

再次證明，我們做這些事情不僅因為他們是正義的事情同時也因為這是一種優秀的商業理念。正如我所說，我們都居住在同一個地球村。尤其是當代，最成功的公司往往是那些能夠超越按勞分酬/做一天工發一天工資這一起點的公司，那些作為企業公民，不僅做好分內之事，還承擔更多社會責任的公司。

在我看來，這些公司都是能夠在同類中脫穎而出的，同時我也希望這個愿望是今天在場的每位的目標。謝謝大家。

第二篇：美國簡歷中英文對照

美國簽證需要用到的個人簡歷模板（中英文）

Nonimmigrant Visa Resume Template

Name:

Date and country of birth:

Gender:

Name and date of birth of spouse:(if applicable)

Names and dates of birth of children:(if applicable)

Address and Contact information:

Education

List here all universities and higher education institutions you have attended, starting with the most recent.You should include the following information:

Name of university

Dates of study

Degree level

Degree major and minors

Area of research

Title of thesis

Work experience

List here all paid and voluntary work you have performed and positions held, starting with the most recent.You should include the following information:

Name of company, organization or institutions

Job titles

Dates of jobs

Detailed area of responsibility, research interests, project descriptions and applications of research

Expertise in special software, machinery op equipment

Awards and patents

Have you received/won any awards related to your research or work at university or at work? Please list these.Do you hold any patents? List name, patent number and year registered.List of publications

List here all your publications you have published in China and overseas.Include the title of the published article, the date it was published and the name of the magazine, newspaper, book, etc it was published in.Other outside interests/experience List here any clubs you belong to, any memberships you hold, your interests and hobbies

Other skills

For example computer skills, languages you speak, driver's license or other permits, etc

Travel

Have you ever traveled overseas? List countries, purpose and dates of travel

Statement of Intent

For students and exchange scholars:

Proposed Study

Give a brief but detailed description of proposed area of study, including research methods and applications of the research

State supervisor's/professor's name and his/her area of expertise

State institution and department where this research is to be done

For business-related travel:

Proposed schedule

State names of contacts in the US, including the name of the company, their job title and area of expertise/business

Include an itinerary of travel detailing dates, cities to be visited, companies and people to be visited in each city

Detailed content, site and length of any training to be attended as well as applications of this training

Details of conferences, meetings, exhibitions with dates, contact info and purpose of attending

美國簽證需要用到的個人簡歷模板（中文）

非移民簽證簡歷模板

姓名：

出生日期和國家：

性別：

名稱及配偶出生日期：（如適用）

姓名和孩子的出生日期：（如適用）

地址及聯系方式：

教育經歷

（列舉你參加過的學校學習的情況，按照時間的倒敘記錄，內容應包括以下：）

大學名稱

在校時間

學位

專業

研究領域

論文題目

工作經驗

你參加過的工作或者志愿工作，你的表現和所擔任的職位，首先是最新的。你應包括下列資料：

公司名稱，組織或機構

職稱

工作的日期

詳細領域的責任，研究方向，項目說明和研究中的應用

在特殊軟件技術，機械設備運

獎和專利

你收到/獲得有關你的研究獎勵或在大學工作或在工作？請列出這些。

你是否擁有任何專利？列表名稱，專利號和73030。

出版物列表

在此列出所有你在中國及海外出版的出版物。

包括標題，發表文章，這是出版的雜志，報紙，書籍等，將其命名為日發表英寸

其他外部利益/經驗，任何俱樂部名單這里屬于你，你持有的任何成員，你的興趣和愛好

其他技能

例如電腦技能，語言你說，駕駛執照或其他許可證等

旅行

你有沒有出國旅游？名單的國家，目的和旅行日期

學習意向聲明

學生和交流學者：

擬議的研究

給出了建議的領域的研究，包括研究方法和研究中的應用簡短但詳細描述

國家主管的/教授的名字和他/她的專長領域

國家機構和部門在這項研究提出的解決辦法

對于商務或旅游簽證申請者：

擬議時間表

國名在美國的接觸，包括公司名稱，他們的職位和專業領域/業務

包括詳細的行程日期，要訪問的城市，企業和市民，在每個城市訪問

詳細的內容，網站和任何培訓的長度將出席的，以及這種培訓申請

詳細的會議，會議的日期，聯系信息和參加展覽的目的

第三篇：美國憲法中英文對照..

Constitution of the United States

美國憲法中英文版

導言

We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.序言

我們美利堅合眾國的人民，為了組織一個更完善的聯邦，樹立正義，保障國內的安寧，建立共同的國防，增進全民福利和確保我們自己及我們后代能安享自由帶來的幸福，乃為美利堅合眾國制定和確立這一部憲法。

Section 1House of Representatives, how and by whom chosen Qualifications of a Representative.Representatives and direct taxes, how apportioned.Enumeration.Vacancies to be filled.Power of choosing officers, and of impeachment.1.The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the elector in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature.眾議院應由各州人民每兩年選舉一次之議員組成，各州選舉人應具有該州州議會中人數最多之一院的選舉人所需之資格。

2.Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons.(The previous sentence was superceded by Amendment XIV，前面語句已由憲法修正案XIV替代).The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct.The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative;and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.眾議員人數及直接稅稅額，應按聯邦所轄各州的人口數目比例分配，此項人口數目的計算法，應在全體自由人民－－包括訂有契約的短期仆役，但不包括末被課稅的印第安人－－數目之外，再加上所有其他人口之五分之三。實際人口調查，應于合眾國國會第一次會議后三年內舉行，并于其后每十年舉行一次，其調查方法另以法律規定之。眾議員的數目，不得超過每三萬人口有眾議員一人，但每州至少應有眾議員一人，在舉行人囗調查以前，各州得按照下列數目選舉眾議員 : 新罕布什爾三人、馬薩諸塞八人、羅德島及普羅維登斯墾殖區一人、康涅狄格五人、紐約州六人．新澤西四人、賓夕法尼亞八人、特拉華一人、馬里蘭六人、弗吉尼亞十人、北卡羅來納五人、南卡羅來納五人、喬治亞三人。

3.When vacancies happen in the representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.任何一州的眾議員有缺額時，該州的行政長官應頒選舉令，選出眾議員以補充缺額。4.The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers;and shall have the sole power of impeachment.眾議院應選舉該除議長及其他官員，只有眾議院具有提出彈劾案的權力。

Section 3Times, etc., of holding elections, how prescribed.One session in each year.1.The times, places and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof;but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.各州州議會應規定本州參議員及眾議員之選舉時間、地點及程序，但國會得隨時以法律制定或變更此種規定，惟有選舉議員的地點不在此例。

2.The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December,(The words in italics were superceded by Amendment XX，憲法修正案對此有修改)unless they by law appoint a different day.國會應至少每年集會一次，開會日期應為十二月的第一個星期一，除非他們通過法律來指定另一個日期。

Section 5Compensation, Privileges, Disqualification in certain cases.1.The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.They shall in all cases, except treason, felony and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same;and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place.參議員與眾議員得因其服務而獲報酬，報酬的多寡由法律定之，并由合眾國國庫支付。兩院議員除犯叛國罪、重罪以及擾亂治安罪外，在出席各該院會議及往返各該院途中，有不受逮捕之特權，兩院議員在議院內所發表之演說及辯論，在其它場合不受質詢。2.No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have increased during such time;and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.參議員或眾議員不得在其當選任期內擔任合眾國政府任何新添設的職位，或在其任期內支取因新職位而增添的俸祿，在合眾國政府供職的人，不得在其任職期間擔任國會議員。Section 7Powers of Congress The Congress shall have the power

1.To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States;but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States: 國會有權規定并征收稅金、捐稅、關稅和其它賦稅，用以償付國債并為合眾國的共同防御和全民福利提供經費，但是各種捐稅、關稅和其它賦稅，在合眾國內應劃一征收

2.To borrow money on the credit of the United States: 以合眾國的信用舉債

3.To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states,and with the Indian tribes: 管理與外國的、州與州間的，以及對印第安部落的貿易

4.To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States: 制定在合眾國內一致適用的歸化條例，和有關破產的一致適用的法律

5.To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures: 鑄造貨幣，調議其價值，并確定外幣價值，以及制定度量衡的標準

6.To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States: 制定對偽造合眾國證券和貨幣的懲罰條例 7.To establish post-offices and post-roads: 設立郵政局及建設驛路

8.To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries: 為促進科學和實用技藝的進步，對作家和發明家的著作和發明，在一定期限內給予專利權的保障

9.To constitute tribunals inferior to the supreme court: 設置最高法院以下的各級法院

10.To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations: 界定并懲罰海盜罪、在公海所犯的重罪和違背國際公法的罪行

11.To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water: 宣戰，對民用船舶頒發捕押敵船及采取報復行動的特許證，制定在陸地和海面虜獲戰利品的規則

12.To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years: 募集和維持陸軍，但每次撥充該項費用的款項，其有效期不得超過兩年 13.To provide and maintain a navy: 配備和保持海軍

14.To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces: 制定管理和控制陸海軍隊的各種條例

15.To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions: 制定召集民兵的條例，以便執行聯邦法律，鎮壓叛亂和擊退侵略

16.To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the states respectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress: 規定民兵的組織、裝備和訓練，以及民兵為合眾國服務時的管理辦法，但各州保留其軍官任命權，和依照國會規定的條例訓練其民兵的權力

17.To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district(not exceeding ten miles square)as may, by cession of particular states, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the state in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings: And, 對于由某州讓與而由國會承受，用以充當合眾國政府所在地的地區(不超過10平方英里)，握有對其一切事務的全部立法權，對于經州議會同意，向州政府購得，用以建筑要塞、彈藥庫、兵工廠、船塢和其它必要建筑物的地方，也握有同樣的權力并且

18.To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.為了行使上述各項權力，以及行使本憲法賦予合眾國政府或其各部門或其官員的種種權力，制定一切必要的和適當的法律

Section 9States prohibited from the exercise of certain powers.1.No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation;grant letters of marque and reprisal;coin money;emit bills of credit;make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts;pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.各州不得締結任何條約、結盟或組織邦聯，不得對民用船舶頒發捕押敵船及采取報復行動之特許證，不得鑄造貨幣，不得發行紙幣，不得指定金銀幣以外的物品作為償還債務的法定貨幣，不得通過任何剝奪公民權的法案、追溯既往的法律和損害契約義務的法律，也不得頒發任何貴族頭銜。

2.No state shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws;and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any state on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States;and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress.未經國會同意，各州不得對進口貨物或出口貨物征收任何稅款，但為了執行該州的檢查法律而有絕對的必要時，不在此限，任何州對于進出囗貨物所征的稅，其凈收益應歸合眾國國庫使用，所有這一類的檢查法律，國會對之有修正和監督之權。

3.No state shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty of tonnage, keep troops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in a war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.未經國會同意，各州不得征收船舶噸位稅，不得在和平時期保持軍隊和軍艦，不得和另外一州或國締結任何協定或契約，除非實際遭受入侵，或者遇到刻不容緩的危急情形時，不得從事戰爭。Article II Section 1-President: his term of office.Electors of President;number and how appointed.Electors to vote on same day.Qualification of President.On whom his duties devolve in case of his removal, death, etc.President's compensation.His oath of office.1.The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.He shall hold office during the term of four years, and together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: 行政權力賦予美利堅合眾國總統。總統任期四年，總統和具有同樣任期的副總統，應照下列手續選舉

2.Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector.The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves.And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for each;which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate.The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted.The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed;and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President;and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President.But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote;a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice.In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the Vice President.But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice President.(The clause in italics was superceded by Amendment XII)每州應依照該州州議會所規定之手續，指定選舉人若干名，其人數應與該州在國會之參議員及眾議員之總數相等，但參譏員、眾議員及任何在合眾國政府擔任有責任及有俸祿之職務的人，均不得被指定為選舉人。各選舉人應于其本身所屬的州內集會，每人投票選舉二人，其中至少應有一人不屬本州居民。選舉人應開列全體被選人名單，注明每人所得票數，他們還應簽名作證明，并將封印后的名單送至合眾國政府所在地交與參議院議長。參議院議長應于參眾兩院全體議員之前，開拆所有來件，然后計算票數。得票最多者，如其所得票數超過全體選舉人的半數，即當選為總統，如同時不止一人得票過半數，旦又得同等票數，則眾議院應立即投票表決，選畢其中一人為總統，如無人得票過半數，則眾議院應自得票最多之前五名中用同樣方法選舉總統。但依此法選舉總統時，應以州為單位，每州之代表共有一票，如全國三分之二的州各有一名或多名眾議員出席，即構成選舉總統的法定人數，當選總統者需獲全部州的過半數票。在每次這樣的選舉中，于總統選出后，其獲得選舉人所投票數最多者，即為副總統。但如有二人或二人以上得票相等時，則應由參議院投票表決，選學其中一人為副總統。（憲法修正案XII已經替代本條款）

3.The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes;which day shall be the same throughout the United States.國會得決定各州選出選舉人的時期以及他們投票的日子，投票日期全國一律。

4.No person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President;neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States.只有出生時為合眾國公民，或在本憲法實施時已為合眾國公民者，可被選為總統，凡年齡未滿三十五歲，或居住合眾國境內未滿十四年者，不得被選為總統。.In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.(This clause has been modified by Amendment XX and Amendment XXV)如遇總統被免職，或因死亡、辭職或喪失能力而不能執行其權力及職務時，總統職權應由副總統執行之。國會得以法律規定，在總統及副總統均被免職，或死亡、辭職或喪失能力時，由何人代理總統職務，該人應即遵此視事，至總統能力恢復，或新總統被選出時為止（憲法修正案XX和XXV對本條款作了修改）。

6.The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services, a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.總統得因其服務而在規定的時間內接受俸祿，在其任期之內，俸金數額不得增加或減低，他亦不得在此任期內，自合眾國政府和任何州政府接受其它報酬

7.Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation: 在他就職之前，他應宣誓或誓愿如下:

“I do solemnly swear(or affirm)that I will faithfully execute the office of the President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.” 「我鄭重宣誓(或 矢言)我必忠誠地執行合眾國總統的職務，并盡我最大的能力，維持、保護和捍衛合眾國憲法。

Section 2President shall communicate to Congress.He may convene and adjourn Congress, in case of disagreement, etc.Shall receive ambassadors, execute laws, and commission officers.He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient;he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper;he may receive ambassadors, and other public ministers;he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States.總統應經常向國會報告聯邦的情況，并向國會提出他認為必要和適當的措施，供其考慮，在特殊情況下，他得召集兩院或其中一院開會，并得于兩院對于休會時間意見不一致時，命令兩院休會到他認為適當的時期為止，他應接見大使和公使，他應注意使法律切實執行，并任命所有合眾國的軍官。

4Judicial power;to what cases it extends.Original jurisdiction of Supreme Court Appellate.Trial by Jury, etc.Trial, where 1.The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority;to all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls;to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction;to controversies to which the United States shall be a party;to controversies between two or more states, between a state and Citizens of another state, between Citizens of different states, between Citizens of the same state, claiming lands under grants of different states, and between a state, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign states, Citizens or subjects.(This section modified by Amendment XI)司法權適用的范圍，應包括在本憲法、合眾國法律、和合眾國已訂的及將訂的條約之下發生的一切涉及普通法及衡平法的案件，一切有關大使、公使及領事的案件，一切有關海上裁判權及海事裁判權的案件，合眾國為當事一方的訴訟;州與州之間的訴訟，州與另一州的公民之間的訴訟，一州公民與另一州公民之間的訴訟，同州公民之間為不同之州所讓與之土地而爭執的訴訟，以及一州或其公民與外國政府、公民或其屬民之間的訴訟。

2.In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be a party, the supreme court shall have original jurisdiction.In all the other cases before-mentioned, the supreme court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Congress shall make.在一切有關大使、公使、領事以及州為當事一方的案件中，最高法院有最初審理權。在上述所有其它案件中，最高法院有關于法律和事實的受理上訴權，但由國會規定為例外及另有處理條例者，不在此限。

3.The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury;and such trial shall be held in the state where the said crimes shall have been committed;but when not committed within any state, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed.對一切罪行的審判，除了彈劫案以外，均應由陪審團裁定，并且該審判應在罪案發生的州內舉行，但如罪案發生地點并不在任何一州之內，該項審判應在國會按法律指定之地點或幾個地點學行。

Section 3Each State to give credit to the public acts, etc.of every other State.Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records and judicial proceedings of every other state.And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.各州對其它各州的公共法案、記錄、和司法程序，應給予完全的信賴和尊重。國會得制定一般法律，用以規定這種法案、記錄、和司法程序如何證明以及具有何等效力。Section 2Admission of new States.Power of Congress over territory and other property.1.New states may be admitted by the Congress into this union;but no new state shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other state, nor any state be formed by the junction of two or more states, without the consent of the legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the Congress.國會得準許新州加入聯邦，如無有關各州之州議會及國會之同意，不得于任何州之管轄區域內建立新州，亦不得合并兩州或數州、或數州之一部分而成立新州。

2.The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States;and nothing in this constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular state.國會有權處置合眾國之屬地及其它產業，并制定有關這些屬地及產業的一切必要的法規和章則，本憲法中任何條文，不得作有損于合眾國或任何一州之權利的解釋。Section 4-Republican form of government guaranteed.Each State to be protected.The United States shall guarantee to every state in this union, a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion;and on application of the legislature, or of the executive(when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.合眾國保證聯邦中的每一州皆為共和政體，保障它們不受外來的侵略，并且根據各州州議會或行政部門(當州議會不能召集時)的請求，平定其內部的**。Article V

Constitution: how amended;proviso.The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this constitution, or on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several states, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which，in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several states, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress: Provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year 1808, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article;and that no state, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate.舉凡兩院議員各以三分之二的多數認為必要時，國會應提出對本憲法的修正案，或者，當現有諸州三分之二的州議會提出請求時，國會應召集修憲大會，以上兩種修正案，如經諸州四分之三的州議會或四分之三的州修憲大會批準時，即成為本憲法之一部分而發生全部效力，至于采用那一種批準方式，則由國會議決，但一八零八年以前可能制定之修正案，在任何情形下，不得影響本憲法第一條第九款之第一、第四兩項，任何一州，沒有它的同意，不得被剝奪它在參議院中的平等投票權。Article VI

Certain debts, ect.declared valid, Supremacy of Constitution, treaties, and laws of the United States, Oath to support Constitution, by whom taken.No religious test.1.All debts contracted and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this constitution, as under the confederation.合眾國政府于本憲法被批準之前所積欠之債務及所簽訂之條約，于本憲法通過后，具有和在邦聯政府時同等的效力。

2.This constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof;and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States shall be the supreme law of the land;and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, any thing in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.本憲法及依本憲法所制定之合眾國法律;以及合眾國已經締結及將要締結的一切條約，皆為全國之最高法律，每個州的法官都應受其約束，任何一州憲法或法律中的任何內容與之抵觸時，均不得有違這一規定。

3.The senators and representatives before-mentioned, and the members of the several state legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several states, shall be bound by oath or affirmation, to support this constitution;but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.前述之參議員及眾議員，各州州議會議員，合眾國政府及各州政府之一切行政及司法官員，均應宣誓或誓愿擁護本憲法，但合眾國政府之任何職位或公職，皆不得以任何宗教標準作為任職的必要條件。Article VII What ratification shall establish constitution.The ratification of the conventions of nine states, shall be sufficient for the establishment of this constitution between the states so ratifying the same.第七條

本憲法經過九個州的制憲大會批準后，即在批準本憲法的各州之間開始生效。

第四篇：管件中英文對照

管件中英文對照

等徑直通equal coupling 異徑直通reducing coupling 內牙直通 female coupling 外牙直通 straight tube with outside 90等徑彎頭 90 equal elbow 45等徑彎頭 45 equal elbow 外牙彎頭 male elbow 內牙彎頭 female elbow 等徑三通 equal tee 異徑三通 reducing tee 內牙三通female tee 外牙三通 male tee 管帽cap sch代表壓力

lr長半徑或1倍半 大小 SIZE 數量 QTY 碳鋼彎頭 Carbon Steel Elbow 不銹鋼彎頭 Stainless Steel Elbow 高壓彎頭 High-Pressure Elbow 同心異徑管 Concentric Reducers 偏心異徑管 Eccentric Reducers 高壓異徑管 High-pressure Reducers 不銹鋼等徑三通 Stainless Straight Tee 碳鋼等徑三通 Carbon Straight Tee 不銹鋼等徑四通 Stainless Straight Cross 高壓三通 High-pressure Tee 鍛制三通 Forged Tee 異徑接頭 Template 管帽 Caps 法蘭flange 長徑和短徑彎頭 long and short radius elbows 同心和偏心異徑接頭 concentric and eccentric reducers 等徑和異徑三通 straight and reducing outlet tees 大小頭 CONCENTRIC REDUCER Tee Equal 相等的三通 等徑三通 Straight Tee 異徑三通 Reducing Tee 等徑四通 Straight Cross 90°短半徑彎頭 90°SS Elbow(SR)90°長半徑彎頭 90°SS Elbow(LR)高壓厚壁彎頭 Thickness Elbow U型管 Return Bend

盲法蘭 Blank Flange 彎管 Bends 翻邊 stub ends 1 異徑接頭 reducers 公稱通徑 nominal diameter 外徑(mm)outside diameter 中心距至端面的距離 center to end 理論重量(kg/pcs)approx weight description 類種 Standard 標準 Design 類型 Material 材質 雙絲頭 Nipple 短節 SWAGE NIPPLE 內外螺紋活接頭 Union 螺樁 stud Half-Coupling單承口管箍 Coupling雙承口管箍 盲板 Blind Flange spectacle blind 帶雙圈的盲板 Ecentric 偏心的 拆除:dismantle 結頭（管線的）：tie-in 插盲板：slip spade 盲板：blank 接頭：fitting 加熱器：heater 金屬纏繞墊片（帶外環）:SW with outside ring HR:熱軋 on site: manifold:管匯 1.2 管件 Fitting 彎頭 elbow 異徑彎頭 reducing elbow 帶支座彎頭 base elbow k半徑彎頭 long radius elbow 短半徑彎頭 short radius elbow 長半徑180°彎頭 long radius return 短半徑180°彎頭 short radius return 帶側向口的彎頭（右向或左向）side outlet elbow(right hand or left hand)雙支管彎頭（形）double branch elbow 三通 tee 異徑三通 reducing tee 等徑三通 straight tee 帶側向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee(right hand or 1eft hand)異徑三通（分支口為異徑）reducing tee(reducing on outlet)異徑三通（一個直通口為異徑）reducing tee(reducing on one run)帶支座三通 base tee 異徑三通（一個直通口及分支口為異徑）reducing tee(reducing on one run 2 and outlet)異徑三通（兩個直通口為異徑，雙頭式）reducing tee(reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通 45° lateral 45°斜三通（支管為異徑）45° lateral(reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一個直通口為異徑)45° lateral(reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一個直通口及支管為異徑)45° lateral(reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗稱褲衩）true “Y”

四通 cross 等徑四通 straight cross 異徑四通 reducing cross 異徑四通（一個分支口為異徑）reducing cross(reducing on one outlet)異徑四通（一個直通口及分支口為異徑）reducing cross(reducing on one run and outlet)異徑四通（兩個分支口為異徑）reducing cross(reducing on both outlet)異徑四通（一個直通口及兩個分支口為異徑）reducing cross(reducing on one run and both outlet)異徑管 reducer 同心異徑管 concentric reducer 偏心異徑管 eccentric reducer 鍛制異徑管 reducing swage 螺紋支管臺 threadolet 焊接支管臺 weldolet 承插支管臺 sockolet 彎頭支管臺 elbolet 斜接支管臺 latrolet 鑲入式支管嘴 sweepolet 短管支管臺 nipolet 支管臺，插入式支管臺 boss 管接頭 coupling, full coupling 半管接頭 half coupling 異徑管接頭 reducing coupling 活接頭 union 內外螺紋縮接（俗稱補芯）bushing 管帽 cap(C)堵頭 plug 短節 nipple 異徑短節 reducing nipple;swage nipple 1 管道組成件 Piping component 1.1 管子 Pipe 管子(按照配管標準規格制造的)pipe 管子(不按配管標準規格制造的其他用管)tube 鋼管 steel pipe 鑄鐵管 cast iron pipe 襯里管 lined pipe 3 復合管 clad pipe 碳鋼管 carbon steel pipe 合金鋼管 alloy steel pipe 不銹鋼 stainless steel pipe 奧氏體不銹鋼管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 鐵合金鋼管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 軋制鋼管 wrought-steel pipe 鍛鐵管 wrought-iron pipe 無縫鋼管 seamless(SMLS)steel pipe 焊接鋼管 welded steel pipe 電阻焊鋼管 electric-resistance welded steel pipe 電熔（弧）焊鋼板卷管 electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接鋼管 spiral welded steel pipe 鍍鋅鋼管 galvanized steel pipe 熱軋無縫鋼管 hot-rolling seamless pipe 冷拔無縫鋼管 cold-drawing seamless pipe 水煤氣鋼管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡膠管 rubber tube 直管 run pipe;straight pipe 1.2 管件 Fitting 彎頭 elbow 異徑彎頭 reducing elbow 帶支座彎頭 base elbow k半徑彎頭 long radius elbow 短半徑彎頭 short radius elbow 長半徑180°彎頭 long radius return 短半徑180°彎頭 short radius return 帶側向口的彎頭（右向或左向）side outlet elbow(right hand or left hand)雙支管彎頭（形）double branch elbow 三通 tee 異徑三通 reducing tee 等徑三通 straight tee 帶側向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee(right hand or 1eft hand)異徑三通（分支口為異徑）reducing tee(reducing on outlet)異徑三通（一個直通口為異徑）reducing tee(reducing on one run)帶支座三通 base tee 異徑三通（一個直通口及分支口為異徑）reducing tee(reducing on one run and outlet)異徑三通（兩個直通口為異徑，雙頭式）reducing tee(reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通 45° lateral 45°斜三通（支管為異徑）45° lateral(reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一個直通口為異徑)45° lateral(reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一個直通口及支管為異徑)45° lateral(reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗稱褲衩）true “Y” 四通 cross 等徑四通 straight cross 4 異徑四通 reducing cross 異徑四通（一個分支口為異徑）reducing cross(reducing on one outlet)異徑四通（一個直通口及分支口為異徑）reducing cross(reducing on one run and outlet)異徑四通（兩個分支口為異徑）reducing cross(reducing on both outlet)異徑四通（一個直通口及兩個分支口為異徑）reducing cross(reducing on one run and both outlet)異徑管 reducer 同心異徑管 concentric reducer 偏心異徑管 eccentric reducer 鍛制異徑管 reducing swage 螺紋支管臺 threadolet 焊接支管臺 weldolet 承插支管臺 sockolet 彎頭支管臺 elbolet 斜接支管臺 latrolet 鑲入式支管嘴 sweepolet 短管支管臺 nipolet 支管臺.插入式支管臺 boss 管接頭 coupling, full coupling 半管接頭 half coupling 異徑管接頭 reducing coupling 活接頭 union 內外螺紋縮接（俗稱補芯）bushing 管帽 cap(C)堵頭 plug 短節 nipple 異徑短節 reducing nipple;swage nipple 1.3 彎管 Bend 預制彎管 fabricated pipe bend 跨越彎管（^ 形）cross-over bend 偏置彎管（~ 形）offset bend 90°彎管 quarter bend 環形彎管 cirele bend 單側偏置90°彎管（? 形）single offset quarter bend S形彎管 “S” bend

單側偏置U形膨脹彎管（| ?形）single offset “U” bend U形彎管 “U” bend

雙偏置U膨脹彎管 double offset expansion “U” bend 斜接彎管 mitre bend 三節斜接彎管 3-piece mitre bend 折皺彎管 corrugated bend 圓度 roundness 1.4 法蘭 Flange(FLG）

整體管法蘭 integral pipe flange 鋼管法蘭 steel pipe flange 螺紋法蘭 threaded flange 滑套法蘭（包括平焊法蘭）slip-on flange(SO);slip-on welding flange 5 承插焊法蘭 socket welding flange 松套法蘭 lap joint flange(LJF)對焊法蘭 welding neckflange(WNF)法蘭蓋 blind flange, blind 孔板法蘭 orifice flange 異徑法蘭 reducing flange 盤座式法蘭 pad type flange 松套帶頸法蘭 loose hubbed flange 焊接板式法蘭 welding plate flange 對焊環 welding neck collar（與stub end相似）平焊環 welding-on collar 突緣短節 stub end, lap 翻邊端 lapped pipe end 松套板式法蘭 loose plate flange 壓力級 pressure rating, pressure rating class 壓力—溫度等級 pressure-temperature rating 法蘭密封面，法蘭面 flange facing 突面 raised face(RF)凸面 male face(MF)凹面 female face(FMF)榫面 tongue face 槽面 groove face 環連接面 ring joint face 全平面.滿平面 flat face;full face(FF)光滑突面 smooth raised face(SRF)法蘭面加工 facing finish 粗糙度 roughness 光滑的 smooth 齒形 serrated 均方根 root mean square(RMS)算術平均粗糙高度 arithmetical average roughness height(AARH)配對法蘭 companion-flange 螺栓圓 bolt circle(B.C.)1.5 墊片 Gasket(GSKT)墊片的型式 type of gasket平墊片 flat gasket 環形平墊片 flat ring gasket平金屬墊片 flat metal gasket 夾棉織物的橡膠 elastomer with cotton fabric insertion 夾石棉織物的橡膠 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion 夾石棉織物及金屬絲加強的橡膠 elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement 無石墨壓縮白石棉墊片 non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket 天然白橡膠墊片 natural white rubber gasket 壓縮石棉墊片 compressed asbestos class gasket 浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉墊片 PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket 夾石棉的纏繞金屬墊片 spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler 6 內環 inner ring 外環，外定位環 outer ring 波紋金屬墊片 corrugated metal gasket 波紋金屬包嵌石棉墊片 corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted 雙夾套波紋金屬包石棉墊片 corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket 雙夾套墊片 double jacketed gasket 金屬包石棉平墊片 flat metal jacketed asbestos filled gasket 整體金屬齒形墊片 solid metal serrated gasket 槽形金屬墊片 grooved metal gasket 環形連接金屬墊片 ring joint metal gasket 八角環形墊片 octagonal ring gasket 橢圓環形墊片 oval ring gasket 透鏡式墊片 lens gasket 非金屬墊片 non-metallic gasket 1.6 閥門 Valve 1.6.1 閥門結構、零件 閥軛 yoke 外螺紋閥桿及閥軛 outside screw and yoke(OS & Y)閥桿 stem 內螺紋 inside screw(IS)閥軛套 yoke sleeve 閥桿環 stem ring 閥座 valve seat(body seat)閥座環、密封圈 seat ring 整體（閥）座 integral seat 堆焊（閥）座 deposited seat 閥芯（包括密封圈、桿等內件）trim 閥盤 disc 閥盤密封圈 disc seat 閥體 body 閥蓋 bonnet 閥蓋襯套 bonnet bush 螺紋閥帽 screw cap 螺紋閥蓋 screw bonnet 螺栓連接的閥蓋 bolted bonnet(BB)活接閥蓋（帽）union bonnet(cap)螺栓連接的閥帽 bolted cap(BC)焊接閥蓋 welded bonnet(WB)本體閥桿密封 body stem seal 石棉安全密封 asbestos emenen seal 倒密封 back seal 壓力密封的閥蓋 pressure-tight bonnet 動力操縱器 powered operator 電動操縱器 electric motor operator 氣動操縱器 pneumatic operator 液壓操縱器 hydraulic operator 快速操縱器 quick-acting operator 7 滑動閥桿 sliding stem 正齒輪傳動 spur gear operated 傘齒輪傳動 bevel gear operated 扳手操作 wrench operated 鏈輪 chain wheel 手輪 hand wheel 手柄 hand lever(handle)氣缸（或液壓缸）操縱的 cylinder operated 鏈條操縱的 chain operated 等徑孔道 full bore;full port 異徑孔道 reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型 short pattern 緊湊型（小型）compact type 籠式環 lantern ring 壓蓋 gland 閥桿填料 stem packing 閥蓋墊片 bonnet gasket 升桿式（明桿）rising stem(RS)非升桿式（暗桿）non-rising stem(NRS)指示器/限位器 indicator/stopper 注油器 grease injector 可更換的閥座環 renewable seat ring 1.6.2 常用閥

(1）閘閥 gate valve平行雙閘板 double disc parallel seat 開口楔形閘板 split wedge 撓性整體楔形閘扳 flexible solid wedge 整體楔形閘板 solid wedge 塞型閘閥 plug gate valve 直通型閘閥 through conduit gate valve(2)截止閥 globe valve 球心型閥盤 globe type disc 塞型閥盤 plug type disc 可轉動的閥盤 swivel disc(3)節流閃閥 throttle valve 針閥 needle valve(4)角閥 angle valve(5)Y型閥（Y 型閥體截止閥）Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)(6)球閥 ball valve 三通球閥 3-way ball valve 裝有底軸的 trunnion mounted 耐火型 fire safe type 浮動球型 floating ball type 防脫出閥桿 blowout proof stem(7)蝶閥 butterfly valve 對夾式（薄片型）wafer type 凸耳式 lug type 8 偏心閥板蝶閥 offset disc burerfly valve;eccentric butterfly valve 斜閥盤蝶閥 canted disc butterfly valve 連桿式蝶閥 link butterfly valve 8)柱塞閥 piston type valve(9)旋塞閥 plug valve 三通旋塞閥 three-way plug valve 四通旋塞閥 four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock 襯套旋塞 sleeve cock(10)隔膜閥 diaphragm valve 橡膠襯里隔膜閥 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜閥 straight way diaphragm valve 堰式隔膜閥 weir diaphragm valve(11)夾緊式膠管閥 pinch valve（用于泥漿、粉塵等）(12)止回閥 check valve 升降式止回閥 lift check valve 旋啟式止回閥 swing check valve, flap check valve 落球式止回閥 ball check valve 彈簧球式止回閥 spring ball check valve 雙板對夾式止回閥 dual plate wafer type check valve 無撞擊聲止回閥 non-slam cheek valve 底閥 foot valve 切斷式止回閥 stop check valve;non-return valve 活塞式止回閥 piston check valve 斜翻盤止回閥 tilting disc check valve 蝶式止回閥 butterfly check valve 1.6.3 其它用途的閥

安全泄氣閥 safety valve(SV)安全泄液閥 relief valve(RV)安全泄壓閥 safety relief valve 杠桿重錘式 lever and weight type 引導閥操縱的安全泄氣閥 pilot operated safety valve 復式安全泄氣閥 twin type safety valve 罐底排污閥 flush-bottom tank valve 電磁閥 solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve 電動閥 electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve 氣動閥 pneumatic operated valve 低溫用閥 cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水閥 steam trap 機械式疏水閻 mechanical trap 浮桶式疏水閥 open bucket trap, open top bucket trap 浮球式疏水閥 float trap 倒吊桶式疏水閥 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水閥 loose float trap 恒溫式疏水閥 thermostatic trap 金屬膨脹式蒸汽疏水閥 metal expansion steam trap 液體膨脹式蒸汽疏水閥 liquid expansion steam trap 9 雙金屬膨脹式蒸汽疏水閥 bimetallic expansion steam trap 壓力平衡式恒溫疏水閥 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 熱動力式疏水閥 thermodynamic trap 脈沖式蒸汽疏水閥 impulse steam trap 放氣閥（自動放氣閥）air vent valve(automatic air vent valve)（疏水閥用）平板式滑動閘閥 slab type sliding gate valve 蓋閥 flat valve 換向閥 diverting valve, reversing valve 熱膨脹閥 thermo expansion valve 自動關閉閥 self-closing gate valve 自動排液閥 self-draining valve 管道盲板閥 line-blind valve 擠壓閥 squeeze valve（用于泥漿及粉塵等）呼吸閥 breather valve 風門、擋板 damper 減壓閥 pressure reducing valve, reducing valve 控制閥 control valve 膜式控制閥 diaphragm operated control valve 執行機構 actuator 背壓調節閥 back pressure regulating valve 差壓調節閥 differential pressure regulating valve 壓力比例調節閥 pressure ratio regulating valve 1.6.4 未指明結構（或閥型）的閥

切斷閥 block valve;shut-off valve;stop valve 調節閥 regulating valve 快開閥 quick opening valve 快閉閥 quick closing valve 隔斷閥 isolating valve 三通閥 three way valve 夾套闊 jacketed valve 非旋轉式閥 non-rotary valve 排污閥 blowdown valve 集液排放閥 drip valve 排液閥 drain valve 放空閥 vent valve 卸載閥 unloading valve 排出閥 discharge valve 吸入閥 suction valve 多通路閥 multiport valve 取樣閥 sampling valve 手動閥 hand-operated valve;manually operated valve 鍛造閥 forged valve 鑄造閥 cast valve（水）龍頭 bibb;bib;faucet 抽出液閥（小閥）bleed valve 旁路閥 by-pass valve 軟管閥 hose valve 10 混合閥 mixing valve 破真空閥 vacuum breaker 沖洗閥 flush valve 第一道閥；根部閥 primary valve 根部閥 root valve 總管閥 header valve 事故切斷閥 emergency valve 1.7 管道特殊件 Piping Specialty 1.7.1 管道特殊件（組件）粗濾器 strainer 過濾器 filter 臨時粗濾器（錐型）temporary strainer(cone type)y 型粗濾器 y-type strainer T型粗濾器 T-type strainer 永久過濾器 permanent filter 絲網粗濾器 gauze strainer 洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 視鏡 sight glass 阻火器 flame arrester 噴嘴；噴頭 spray nozzle 取樣冷卻器 sample cooler 消聲器 silencer 膨脹節 expansion joint 波紋膨脹節 bellow expansion joint 單波 single bellow 雙波 double bellow 多波 multiple bellow 壓力平衡式膨脹節 pressure balanced expansion 帶鉸鏈膨脹節 hinged expansion joint 軸向位移型膨脹節 axial movement type expansion joint 自均衡膨脹節（外加強環）self-equalizing expansion joint 帶接桿膨脹節 tied expansion joint 萬向型膨脹節 universal type expansion joint 球形補償器 ball type expansion joint 填函式補償器 slip type(packed type)expansion joint 單向滑動填料函補償器 single actionpacked slip joint 1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element 軟管接頭 hose connection(HC)快速接頭 quick coupling 金屬軟管 metal hose 橡膠管 rubber hose 撓性管 flexible tube 鞍形補強板 reinforcing saddles 補強板 reinforcement pad 特殊法蘭 special flange 漏斗 funnel 排液環 drip ring 11 排液漏斗 drain funnel 插板 blank 墊環 spacer 8字盲板 spectacle blind;figure 8 blind 限流孔板 restriction orifice 爆破片 rupture disk 法蘭蓋貼面 protective disc 費托立克接頭 victaulic coupling 1.8 端部連接 End Connection 法蘭端 flanged end 坡口端 beveled end(BE)對焊端 butt welded end平端 plain end(PE)承插焊端 socket welding end 螺紋端 threaded end(TE)承口 bell end 焊接端 welding end 法蘭連接（接頭）flanged joint 對焊連接（接頭）butt welded joint 螺紋連接，管螺紋連接 threaded joint, pipe threaded joint 錐管螺紋密封焊連接 seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint 承插焊連接（接頭）socket welded joint 承插連接（接頭）bell and spigot joint 環墊接頭 ring joint(RJ)萬向接頭 universal joint 軟釬焊連接（接頭）soldered joint 搭接接頭，松套連接 lapped joint 外側厚度切斜角 bevel for outside thickncss 內側厚度切斜角 bevel for inside thickness 內外側厚度切斜角 bevel for combined thickness 法蘭式的 flanged(FLGD)對焊的 butt welded(BW)螺紋的 threaded(THD)承插焊的 socket welded(SW)小端為平的 small end plain(SEP)大端為平的 large end plain(LEP)兩端平both ends plain(BEP)小端帶螺紋 small end thread(SET)大端帶螺紋 large end thread(LET)兩端帶螺紋 both end thread(BET)一端帶螺紋 one end thread(OET)支管連接 branch connection 焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe

第五篇：管件中英文對照

彎頭 Elbow

90o 彎頭90o Elbow45o彎頭45o Elbow180o彎頭180o Elbow

長半徑彎頭：LR elbow（LR是long radius的縮寫）

短半徑彎頭： SR Elbow（SR是short radius的縮寫）

碳鋼彎頭 carbon steel elbow 不銹鋼彎頭 stainless steel elbow

合金鋼彎頭 alloy steel elbow

無縫彎頭seamless elbow對焊彎頭 butt-welding elbow 沖壓彎頭Stamping elbow 大口徑對焊彎頭 Large diameter butt-welding elbow /Large size elbow

三通 Tee

異徑三通 reducing tee等徑三通 straight tee 斜三通 lateralY型三通 Y-tee 四通 cross

等徑四通 straight cross 異徑四通 reducing cross

異徑管 reducer

同心異徑管 concentric reducer（con-reducer）

偏心異徑管 eccentric reducer（ecc-reducer）

管帽 cap 翻邊 Stub end

法蘭 Flange帶頸對焊法蘭Welding-Neck（WN）,平焊帶頸法蘭 Slip-On（SO）,盲板法蘭 Blind（BL）, 螺紋法蘭Threaded（TH）, 松套法蘭Lap-Joint（LJ）

鍛造的：forged

螺紋支管臺 threadolet 承插支管臺 sockolet焊接支管臺 weldolet

管接頭 coupling/full coupling單管接頭 half coupling活接頭（由任）union Bushing 堵頭（管塞）Plug 六頭管塞hexagon plug四頭管塞 Square plug 短節 nipple 縮徑管 swaged nipple