第一篇：新概念三冊第二課新東方老師講義
Lesson 2, thirteen equals one 十三等于一
Equal(be equal to sb/sth)與人/物相同，相等 equal an Olympic record平了奧運紀錄 be equaled/matched by no one in kindness沒人比他更善良be equaled by no one in intelligence
Parallel平行的parallel lines平行線—〉(be equal to , match)與--相當，相匹 a record never paralleled 一個舉世無雙的紀錄 conditions unparalleled/unmatched/unequaled elsewhere in the world 世界上其它地方無法匹敵的條件
（be comparable or similar to）可與--相比，相類似 your experience parallels mine 你的經歷和我的經歷差不多
Be equivalent to sth(equal in value, amount, meaning, importance)(數值，意義，重要性)相同的250 grams or an equivalent amount in ounce 250克或者與之相當的盎司 It is six of one and a half of dozen of the other(兩個都不好)
Parallel（be similar）a parallel case, career 相同的事例，職業 產量到達---，這個數字在歷史上從為達到過
The production reached----, a record/figure unparalleled/ unmatched/ unequaled by any year in its history
Vicar 英國國教的牧師~~ priest 神父,牧師=clergyman Bishop 主教 archbishop 大主教 pope 教皇
Worship the heaven and earth 祭祀天地 offer sacrifice 供以祭品
Nun 修女 hermit 隱士 monk 和尚
abbey ~~monastery修道院 nunnery
The temple of sacred seclusion
小隱隱于林，大隱隱于市
A common hermit lives in seclusion，a great hermit lives in society 尼姑庵
raise（collect together）募集，籌措 raise funds for charity 募集慈善基金 a fund-raising event 募捐活動 Solicit（ask sb for money, help, votes earnestly）向某人要錢，幫助，選票 從某人那里要錢/支持solicit money/support from sb= solicit sb for money /support Apportion（give sth as a share）分配某物，分派某物apportion blame among sb 怪罪大家 apportioned charges 攤派費用
levy征收（collect payment by authority or force）levy a departure tax on all the travelers 向游客征收的離境稅
torchlight 電筒光
flashlight 手電筒 torch 火把，火炬
carry a torch for sb 單相思，單戀某人 carry a torch for an old sweetheart 單戀昔日情人 childhood lovers 兩小無猜，青梅竹馬 blaze/illuminate a new trail for sth 為---開辟一條新道路
The text
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another我們的教區牧師總是為了各種各樣的事籌集資金
1，be always doing 表示抱怨，不滿的語氣
如今各種離奇丑聞老是成為頭版新聞，從三聚氰胺事件到豆腐渣工程到警匪勾結事件。很顯然這個國家的監管系統和質檢系統有問題
Nowadays ridiculous scandals are always making headline news, from the milk scandal to the jerry-built houses and to the mafia-police collaboration.Obviously something is very wrong with the quality-control departments and the supervision departments.如今各種各樣極端的自然災害頻頻發生，很顯然，人類在利用自然的過程中過頭了，大自然在進行報復 Nowadays new extremes and patterns of natural disasters are always attacking/ striking.Obviously, we humans have gone too far in exploiting natural recourses and the nature is taking its revenge
2, for one cause or another 為了種種事由?one N or another 的妙用
For one reason or another 為了種種理由 for some historical or realistic reasons 出于某些歷史和現實的原因 for some well-known reasons and unknown reasons 出于種種理由，廣為人知的或者不為人曉的 由于各種歷史原因和經濟原因，我們沒有足夠數量的大學來接收龐大的高中畢業生
Due to many historical and financial reasons, we don’t have an adequate number of colleges to match the huge population of school graduates.西方政客總是為了這個理由或那個理由指責中國，似乎他們永遠都是對的
The western politicians are always pointing their fingers at china for one reason or another，as if they were always right.他對老婆百依百順，工資都浪費在了這個那個奇思妙想上了(a hen-pecked husband 妻管嚴)He is really a wife-slave.His salary is totally wasted on her one whim or another 竭盡全力滿足將來一代的各種想法乃至怪誕念頭
Do their best to satisfy /indulge every wish and even whim of the future generation.The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and has been silent ever since 教堂的大鐘以前不分晝夜打點報時，但是多年前遭到毀壞，從此無聲無息
1，strike hours day and night 不分晝夜打點報時== the clock fulfilled its responsibility/duty quite well 很好的履行了自己的職責 –(dereliction of duty瀆職，失職)A willing and sturdy man who gets up earlier than a rooster that heralds the rise of the sun , and goes to bed later than a dog that patrols around the yard late into the night一個任勞任怨，堅忍不拔的人，起得比雞早，睡得比狗晚
2，be silent 悄無聲息，Hush money 封口費~~silence fee —〉擬人化
自行車于幾年前接受第一次維修，從此以后，邊工作邊吵鬧
The bike underwent/received its first time repair years ago and has been quite noisy ever since.The bike received its first time repair years ago and has been very musical ever since.All the parts except the bell seem to be a noisy chorus.One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours!一天夜里，我們的牧師突然驚醒過來，大鐘又在打點報時了
Wake up with a start 驚醒過來 ~~startle sb out of sleep Wake sb up 讓某人醒悟
中國南方罕見的干旱讓人發人深省，人們驚恐地意識到缺水不再是沙漠地帶的專有，而是正在全球爆發，自然正在認真地懲罰著自高自大的，貪婪的人類。
The unprecedented drought in the humid south has woken people up to the bloody fact that water scarcity which is peculiar to the desert areas is now happening across the globe and that the nature is seriously taking its revenge against us arrogant, greedy humans
Looking at his watch, he saw 以及armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower 1，兩者都是分詞做狀語，前者表示“廣義進行” 2，went up into the clock
went up into the clock：up 副詞 into 借詞
掙扎著上了懸崖，朝著微弱的燈光走去(借詞+借詞的連用)Struggle up the cliff toward the glowing light= struggle up the cliff and toward the glowing light 越過了障礙，沿著懸崖一頭扎了下去，跌進了谷底 Leap over the obstacle, down the cliff and into the valley
In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer 借著電筒光，他看見一個人，馬上認出那是本地雜貨店店主比爾.維爾金斯 1, Catch sight of 看到 glance 瞥見（近處）glimpse 瞥見(遠處)一顧傾城，二顧傾國
One glance, the city tumbles;another glance, the country topples Exchange loving glances 互遞秋波，含情脈脈 *** Tumble 倒塌，坍塌 ~~Topple 倒塌，倒下
2，figure 身形，身影（不明身份）;體形 pear-shaped figure 梨形體形
build 體格 a man of strong build 體格健壯的人
~~physique 體形，體格 muscular physique/magnificent physique 健壯的體格，肌肉發達的體格
have a puny physique 瘦弱的體格
3，憑借著皎潔的月光，我立刻認出了他，原來那個蜷縮在我門口的“乞丐”是我一個潦倒的同學, 等待著我的慷慨救助
In the bright moonlight, I immediately recognized the ―beggar‖ as one wretched classmate who crumpled and crouched by my door, waiting for my generous help.（crumple 弄皺，變皺，crouch 蹲）
I have been coming here night after night for weeks now.I was hoping to give you a surprise.好幾個星期，我天天夜里到鐘樓上來，我一直想給你一個驚喜 1，現在完成進行時的用法，過去進行時的妙用
你沒有聽我講么？ 不好意思我剛才一直在想著明天可怕的考試
You did not listen to me? Sorry, I was thinking about that terrible exam tomorrow.2, night after night for weeks 每個晚上一連好幾個星期
Work day after day for years to produce this great work 好幾年每日辛勞以推出這個偉大的作品
Labor day after day for years on this great work 在這個偉大的作品上一連幾年日日辛勞 Sweat and toil 辛勞，用力
you need to sweat and toil to survive the fierce competition 為了在可怕的競爭中活下來，你需要努力辛勞
thirteen is not as good as one, but it is better than nothing 十三下是不如一下，但是總比一下也沒有要好
他的臉也起了皺紋，肢體也不那么柔韌了，也許也沒有多少的浪漫。的確40歲比不上20歲了。但總比沒有要強.至少在我撒嬌時他能遷就我，在我犯錯誤時他能寬容我，在我失落痛苦時他能指引我。
His face is wrinkled and his knees stiff(僵硬的，不靈活的，一動就疼的).Maybe there is not so much romance left in his heart.Indeed, 40 years old is not as good as 20 years old, but it is better than nothing.At least, he can indulge my petulance [petjul?ns], tolerate my stupidity and guide me through the darkness
Wrinkle 讓----起褶皺
years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up your dream may wrinkle your soul.歲月有加，容顏易老；夢想若無，心也老矣
第二篇：新概念三冊教學大綱
新概念三冊教學大綱
第一課 A Puma at large
1.spot 這個單詞不管是動詞也好名詞也好，意思總和“點”有關系：
作為動詞可以理解為“在很寬廣的地方看到的一點”或者“突然看到一樣東西”
比如：He spotted his friend in the crowd.他從人群里認出了他的朋友。作為名詞可以理解為“現場”或“斑點”
比如：The leopard cannot change his spots.江山易改 本性難移（狗改不了吃*）
spotty adj皮膚有斑點的a spotty face一張麻臉a spotty dog一只斑點狗
2.evidence證據
不可數名詞an important piece of evidence一件重要的證據 evident adj明顯的
vid-, vis-看見： visual video
3.accumulate（長期地）積累 注意和59課amass的區別
4.oblige雖然和force 意思差不多，但往往用被動語態 be obliged to do sth用被動
feel / be obliged to do sth覺得有義務作某事，只得做某事
compel, force, constrain, oblige 這些動詞均含“迫使”之意。
compel:指在法律、權力、力量或行動等的驅使下被迫而為。
force:指用個人意志、權力、權威或暴力等，迫使他人改變看法或做本不愿做的事。
constrain:側重施加約束力或有約束作用的影響，也指環境對人強加的影響迫使人去做某事，尤指受良心、情感等內在力量驅使去做某事。oblige:指由于生理上或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有權威的人或機構迫使某人做某事，還可指在特定情況下被迫作出的反應。
lig-綁，obligation n義務，職責 obligatory adj強制性的obligatory courses必修課
5． corner 的詞組
drive sb into a tight corner 把某人逼入死角
sb is politically / financially / emotionally cornered 陷入了政治，經濟，感情危機
名詞轉化動詞用 符合用語經濟原則
6． Trail 這個單詞萬變不離其宗，“一長條”的感覺：
戰士一邊走一邊滴血 a trail of blood 游客一邊走一邊丟垃圾 a trail of litter The car raced past, leaving a trail of dust.汽車疾馳而過，揚起一縷灰塵。
甚至用作動詞，把握“一長條”就優美句子一揮而就：
新娘長裙拖在身后 her long dress is trailing on the floor tr-trace痕跡track人獸的足跡，車輛軌跡travel旅行trip旅行trek徒步旅行，艱苦跋涉tread踩，踏 trudge步履艱難地走 tramp流浪漢（3/27）；徒步走（3/48）
7． convince使信服convince sb of sth I convinced him of my honesty.vinc-, vict-征服invincible adj不可征服的，難以克服的victory勝利victorious勝利的,convincing adj有說服力的
［口語］—————————— ［寫作］ believe convince（太主觀）
know understand I see I think In my opinion to my knowledge personally as far as I know 8． disturb令人不安，打擾
turb-攪動perturb vt使心煩意亂（3/39）turbulence n**，騷動
9．at large 1）貶義：(指危險的人或動物)逍遙自在的Two of the escaped prisoners are still at large.兩個逃犯仍然逍遙法外。2)中性：自由 不受約束free without control: 班主任走了 同學們自由了students are at large.(本文的at large更多指哪一項呢？各抒己見吧)
10．Cat-like 這個詞可以超級模仿：childlike woman-like ghost-like
11.同位語從句
同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。
A.同位語從句的功能
同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由that引導，例 如：
1)The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.B.同位語在句子中的位置
同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例 如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.C.同位語從句與定語從句的區別 1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓 語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。
2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述 定的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如： 1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）
12．reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted 45 miles south of London 如果我們把中文的譯文拿出來一對照便會發現什么問題？中文是“倫敦動物園收到報告??”。中文長期的語言習慣喜歡用人或者是有生命的東西作主語；而英文則更加注重事情的發展和效果，因此多用沒有生命的物體作主語。這點差異在后面的課文中也會經常出現：比如“我不感到這個有什么奇怪”,按中文語序硬譯為I didn’t regard it as odd, 比較一下課本中出現的一個更加符合英文思維的句子： It didn’t strike me as odd.語序則迥然相異，這些要靠大家細心研讀方可體會。
13.descriptions given by people woman picking blackberries 這兩短語都是由定語從句演變而來，前者原型為“descriptions which were given by people”.后者原型為”woman who picked blackberries”
那大家有沒有考慮過，作者為什么要把定語從句改成分詞形式？這里牽涉到了句子的錘煉。這種寫作方式有兩個好處：
一，與定語從句比較，分詞結構跟在名詞后面不但銜接更加緊湊，而且 輕便簡練，使文字干凈利落。英語文章要力求凝練、言簡意賅。二，能夠避免句型的重復。
大家試想一下，如果我們把descriptions given by people還原成定語從句，整句話就變成： for the descriptions which were given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.大家讀后會有什么感覺？短短一句話出現兩次定語從句，是不是相當呆板乏味？注意：寫文章除了要考慮單詞使用的多樣化，也不能忽視句型的多樣化。一篇好文章會相當注重句式的選擇和調整，交錯運用多種句式，使文氣有張有弛，文章波瀾起伏，從而達到更為理想的表達效果。我們來舉個例子，請大家翻譯一句話：我找到了通向那片森林的小道，而這片森林是我曾經夢見過的。試比較兩種做法：
I found a path which led to the forest which I dreamed of.I found a path leading to the forest which I dreamed of.孰高孰低，一目了然。
14.prove聯系動詞，一般不用被動，因為它本身就解釋為：be found to be 類似主動表被動的詞還有：sell write wash escape等
prove證明是，結果是，跟to be 引起的短語做表語，to be也可以省去。His story porved(to be)false.他的一番話后來證明是假的。
He proved(to be)a coward.Perhaps this book will prove(to be)of some use to you in your studies.15.leave behind it a trail of 倒裝平衡句子
作者為什么要推翻正常語序呢？大家自己寫文章的時候也要注意，什么時候要將語序變換一下，或倒裝、或前置？變換語序的作用一般有兩個：起強調作用或使句子平衡。如果把behind it部分移至句子末尾，給人感覺句子前面部分很長，收尾卻十分“倉促”，難免會給人一種頭重腳輕的感覺，讀起來毫無美感可言。而把behind it部分挪到句子中間，感覺句子首尾就平衡了，句型也優美了許多。這樣的例子在新概念三這本書中比比皆是，例如第7課中有這么一句話：Jane cooked their dinner in the microwave oven and, without realizing it, cooked her fiancé’s wallet as well.。作者這里就是把without realizing it這個地點狀語提前，目的也是避免句子的頭重腳輕。可見，我們平時作文的時候，千萬不能墨守成規，盲目遵循常規語序，在必要的時候不妨將句子語序進行靈活調整，效果會更好。例如：把一大袋裝有糖和巧克力的包放在桌子上，一般語序是 put a bag full of sweets and chocolates on the desk, 但這個賓語太長，讓人感覺頭輕腳重，改成put on the desk a bag full of sweets and chocolates 感覺就好多了。
16.a number of許多
越來越多的---an increasing / growing number of---An increasing number of students have realized the importance of computer-literacy.more and more: More and more people are becoming more and more wealthy and buy more and more TV sets.17．be in the possession of sb / be in possession of區別 ：前者被動 后者主動
The house is in the possession of the old lady.這所房子歸這個老太太所有。
The old lady is in possession of the house.這個老太太擁有這個房子。in pursuit/ search of
Possess have, hold, own, possess, keep, enjoy 這些動詞均有“有，具有，持有”之意。
have:最常用詞，可指任何情況下的具有，無論是物質的或精神的。hold:指擁有并保持財產及持有見解等，暗示不讓別人拿走或占有。
own不及本組的possess正式，多指所屬關系，強調所有權，不管所屬物是否在物主手中。
possess:較正式，指擁有或占有并能加以控制與支配，強調其歸屬；也指具有某種品質、才能、特點或性能等。
keep:指長時間地保有，保存某物，防止別人占去，強調安全和感情上的依附。enjoy:指享有某種權利或長處，帶有欣賞或喜愛的情感。
18．it is disturbing to think that 重要句型
19．I found the brid killed.I found the paper clinging to the tree.粘附
第二課 Thirteen equals one
1.equal equ-相等equality平等 equator赤道equivocal模棱兩可的 注意意思引申：I am not equal to you(我配不上你)
2.raise（一詞多義的記憶： 故事串聯法 ； 根義法）1)提高，升起 raise price raise one’s head 2)養育
raise children raise cattle 牛群 3)籌集 raise money 4)引起懷疑 raise doubts 5)raise one’s spirits 使人振奮 raise the roof 大怒后的感覺
raise one’s eyebrows at sth.感到驚訝
3.Be always doing sth 還能說be forever/ continually doing 注意擺脫陳詞濫調
4.start n吃驚 源于動詞startle vt使大吃： 感受startle surprise amaze 種種吃驚的不同
5.Looking at---現在分詞短語做狀語，表示時間，一般要位于句首。（狀語從句與不定式和分詞作狀語之間的轉換）
Reading the letter, she burst out crying.Armed with---過去分詞短語做狀語，表示方式。
He returned to Guangzhou that winter, disguised as a merchant.這年冬天，他扮作商人回到廣州。
注意三冊中伴隨壯語的運用，能夠豐富句型
6.品味catch sight of 和see的不同
7.Night after night day after day一天又一天 week after week一周又一周 year after year 一年又一年 The train stopped station after station.火車一站接一站地停。
第三課 An unknown goddess
1.prosperous同義詞 thriving booming flourishing
2.age ship 抽象名詞后綴：drainage marriage friendship worship
3.sacr-神圣的: sacred sacrifice
4.fragment n碎片
frag-, fract,破裂fragile易碎的fraction n部分，微量（3/60）fractional adj很小/少的，微不足道的 fracture n破裂，骨折
5.remains 永遠看成復數
6.rest 放 注意和put 區分 rest 更優雅, 有 put gently 的意思 可以翻成中文的“搭在”
7.Full-length-length 有?長度的 ：half-length photo
8.本文兩處stand 都經典：
第一處Stand 表示“位于be located in”，但更強調一樣東西高高聳立，比如山頂有座廟
第二處stand 表示東西或人的高度 可以是很高 比如： 那女孩有一米8高： that girl stands 1.8m 也可以不高 比如課文
9.with+ n.短語作后置定語修飾名詞
boy with big eyes room with beautifully decorated walls
10.from ?.to 到了時間概念可以用的更新穎一點 from?.until
11.date from / date back to追溯到 一般不用被動 再次體會定語從句和分詞轉換
12.preserve 中 pre 表示before serve 表示保存 在一樣東西變質之前保存下來 就是preserve preserved body 木乃伊 preserved fruits 蜜餞
辨析：conserve, preserve, reserve這是一組形近易混詞，都有“保存”的意思。
conserve v.保存，保藏，保護(強調節約)。
In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night.冬天，為節約能源有些人在夜里把暖氣調小。
preserve v.保護；維持；保養；防止(食物)腐敗(強調使不受破壞)。The government preserves the rights of the individual person.政府保護個人的權利不受侵犯。
reserve v.保留，儲備(強調為某一特殊目的)；訂(座位)，預定。
We are reserving these seats for my parents.我們把這些座位留給我的父母。
13.turn out原來是，結果是，證明是，后來成為聯系動詞，后面可以跟動詞不定式to be做表語，to be也可省去。
His statement turned out(to be)false.他說的一番話原來是假的。The party turned out(to be)a success.舞會結果辦得很成功。
14.modern-looking相貌摩登的good-looking好看的easy-going容易相處 out-going外相的
注意修飾名詞的方法已經接觸很多了，別把思維局限在形容詞修飾名詞：
1。adj.-Ving + n: modern-looking 2。adv-Ved + n: beautifully-decorated 3． n+ 介詞短語 ：puma at large 4。n+ with ： room with beautifully decorated walls
15.Sweep表示接觸范圍廣，但力度輕
Her fingers sweep the keys of the piano.她的手指在鋼琴鍵盤上滑過 Her dress sweeps the ground
第四課 The double life of Alfred Bloggs 1.manual manu-手manuscript n手稿manufacture vt制造manufacturer n制造商
2.sacrifice vt犧牲sacrifice sth for / to Many women have to sacrifice their own careers to their husband’s work.許多婦女為了丈夫的工作只得犧牲自己的事業。
3.Privilege 有很多意思“特權，殊榮，好處“
It’s my pleasure and privilege to be here.我狠高興也狠榮幸到這里來，priv-私自，個人private adj私人的deprive vt剝奪
4.corporation n公司BBC the British Broadcasting Corporation
5.shower n淋浴；陣雨；送禮會take / have / get a shower洗個淋浴hold a shower for sb為某人舉行送禮會
6.status n地位improve one’s social status提高自己的社會地位status quo現狀to change / preserve the status quo改變/維持現狀
7.本文鉆石句型一：sb be frequently referred to as?.for the simple reason that?.He is frequently referred to bookworm for the simple reason that he
spares no efforts to read.他總是被稱作書呆子，因為他總是在看書
注意：for the(simple)reason that---: 比(simply)because---更加正式，多用于正式文體。
本文鉆石句型二：Such is human nature ,that??.本文鉆石句型三：??, as it did in the case of sb who??
8.give rise to 代替 cause
9.spend as 一些三冊學過的不錯的as 詞組：be used as recognize as
10.as much as前面可以有half, twice, three times等短語修飾
She won’t marry a man who is twice as old as she.她不愿意嫁給一個年級比她大一倍的人。
He earns four times as much money as he used to.他現在掙的錢是過去的四倍。
表示倍數的句式
X is twice / three times as much / many as---X is twice / three times what was in 1999.X is twice / three times the amount of---X is twice / three times more than----
11． A collar and tie 看成一套東西
比如： a knife and fork rice and egg bread and butter
12．由本課引申出的藍領白領 在英文中屬于借代的修辭手法,在比如看看第7課課題
Mutilated Ladies。字面意思是“缺胳膊少腿的女士”，為什么作者把它譯成“殘鈔鑒別組”？文章最后“*”處的解釋給出了背景知識，所謂Mutilated Ladies就是指被毀壞的銀行紙幣。英國紙幣上印有女皇的頭像，而這個Lady自然指的就是Queen。大家可以設想一下，如果紙幣上的女皇外形受損，那么這張紙幣必然是破損的。所以作者用受損的女皇指代整張破損貨幣，而根據文章的內容，進而指代專門處理受損貨幣的鑒別小組，這種修辭方式，叫做借代（Metonymy）。
今天我們來學習一下英文中的借代，其實在前面的文章已經接觸過：People who work in offices are frequently referred to as white-collar workers for the simple reason that they usually wear a collar and tie to go to work.其中，a collar and tie字面意思是“一個衣領和領帶”，人們不可能只套一個衣領掛一根領帶就大搖大擺去上班了，這里是用衣領和領帶指代整件白領襯衫，不就是借代手法嗎？
我們來看這句話：In the least developed countries in Africa, all fur and feather are hunted for food.在非洲一些最貧窮的國家中，鳥獸被濫捕濫獵，成為人們盤中之肴。請注意句子中fur and feather 的用法。Fur一詞在我們三
冊第一篇文章就出現過，用來描述美洲獅的毛，俗話說飛禽走獸，這里fur就是指走獸，而feather顯然就是指飛禽了。用fur and feather 動物身上的毛來指代飛禽走獸，也是借代的典型用法，非常簡潔，而且加上頭韻的運用，語氣連接流暢，語義表達完美。
通過上面幾個例子大家對借代應該有了初步的了解，我這里不妨再給你們幾個例子，大家可以細細品味。
Our hotel is short of hands.(hands 這里是幫手的意思)Wall has ears.隔墻有耳（ears指那些偷聽的人）It will cost 30yuan per head.(head代表每個人)Great minds think alike.英雄所見略同。（great minds 偉大的腦子——用來指代偉大的人）
China is suffering brain drain.中國飽受人才外流之苦。（brain 指代 talent 人才）
這四句中的借代取人體上各部分的特征（手的特征就是用來干活的，耳朵就是用來聽東西的，大腦用來思維的，人才的才華都藏在大腦里），使語言生動活潑，行文充滿生趣。
第五課 The facts
1.editor n編輯editor-in-chief總編輯
editorial n社論an editorial on education一篇關于教育的社論
2.extreme 中 eme 是最高級后綴 supreme Extremes meet.物極必反。
3.statistics 有兩個意思：當表示統計學，謂語加單數 當表示一系列數據，加復數
4.president n總統；大學校長 董事長等等
sid-坐preside vt主持reside v居住assiduous adj勤奮的 insidious 暗中危害的
5．impatient 注意前綴in的幾個變體
碰到m p b 被同化成im：impolite impossible immortal 碰到l 被同化成il: illogical 碰到r被同化成ir: irregular
I’m impatient to see you.急不可耐看你
I can’t wait to see you.I’m anxious to see you.I’m eager to see you.I’m out of patience.6．arrive 可以表示報紙 牛奶 信件等被送到
7．現在分詞短語做定語 a fax instructing him to find out---往往一份傳真 一個電話 一份信件的目的不用to do 而用doing
8．Go to press pr-壓press壓，新聞界pressing急迫的 pressure壓力 compress壓縮
depress使沮喪，使蕭條 express表達 impress使印象深刻oppress壓迫
9.not only---but also在句中引導并列的句子成分，當not only放在句首時，主謂要倒裝
This young man is not only intelligent but also hardworking.→ Not only is this young man intelligent, but he is hardworking.順便系統提一下 如果學生水平差： 倒裝
整個動詞提前，助、系、情態動詞倒裝，目的：強調。
1．地點、表地點的副詞：in, out, down, there, here, off, over, away?
句子倒裝。
The girl jumped down.Down jumped the girl.In front of the door stands an old man.（主語是人稱代詞時不倒裝）Down she jumped.2．否定詞在句首時須倒裝：neither, nor, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, not, never, not only, barely, at no time, nowhere以及所有帶“no”的詞組。
By no means is he a good teacher.他無論如何不是好?
Not only?but前倒后不倒 Jack could not swim.Neither could Tom.Never have I seen such a good movie.10.while counting---在復合句中，如果狀語從句的謂語中包含be動詞, 而且從句的主語與主句的主語一致，或者從句的主語是it, 那么從句中的主語和be常常一起省略掉,使語言更加簡潔凝練。
While waiting, I was reading some old magazines.我一邊等，一邊看些舊雜志。（I was）
cf: While Tom was waiting, I was reading some old magazines.不能省 While at college, he was a good footballer.上大學期間，他是一個出色的足球運動員。(he was)This dictionary will look nice when printed.這本辭典印出來以后會很好看。(it is)He hurriedly left the room as though very angry.他匆匆地離開，好像很生氣的樣子。(he was)The old lady was looking well although living alone.這位老太太雖然一個人獨居，但氣色很好。(she was)
Enemies, once discovered, were completely wiped out.敵人一旦被發現，就被全部消滅。(they were)If carefully done, the experiment will be successful.如果仔細操作，試驗就會成功。(it is)省略的條件：1）主語一致或主語是it；2）謂語中含有be
第六課 Smash and grab
1.smash – and – grab 是個比較特殊的構詞法：兩個動詞構成。這個詞意思是：smash The window of the shop and the grab the jewellery on display smash 后面可以加：world record 打破世界記錄，hope 某人的希望破滅，smash the drug ring 粉碎販毒集團
grab（動作）搶奪 rob（犯罪行為）搶劫 grasp掌握 hold tight抱住 seize抓住（機遇等抽象）clutch抓牢某物（無法移動）
2.background n背景background music背景音樂background information背景資料
children from disadvantaged backgrounds來自貧困家庭的孩子
3．velvet n天鵝絨；柔軟的with an iron hand in a velvet glove外柔內剛
4.staff n全體工作人員
well-staffed, under-staffed人手不夠的, over-staffed.人浮于事的
5．scramble v to move or climb quickly手腳并用地攀登，匍匐前進-----引申為爭奪
scramble for shelter爭著往隱蔽處跑
The children are scrambling for the chocolate.孩子門正在搶巧克力。
6．夸一樣東西好“fantastic, marvelous, terrific, fabulous, super, capital
7．At this time of the morning 可以派生出很多類似的詞組
At this time last Christmas at that time of next month sometime last summer
8．break美妙用法
break one’s heart break the ice打破僵局 break the silence law-breaker違法者
storm broke out journey A day breaks天亮了
As day breaks, 隨著
9．gaze at sth: look at sth for a long time, with great interest 補充幾種看的英文表達：
gape at: look with mouth wide open glare at: look at sth angrily stare at: look with eyes wide open
10．with its headlights on and its horn blaring 帶有with的獨立主格結構（3/36）
with + n+adv : with its headlights on with+ n+doing : with its horn blaring with+ n +介詞短語： with black stockings over faces with+n+ 過去分詞： with tape played With John away, we’ve got more room.約翰不在，我們的空間大多了。
With three people ill, we’ll have to close the office this morning.11．Jewellery shop 還可以說 the jeweler’s
類似的： at the doctor’s at the tailor’s at the chemist’s at the butcher’s at the barber’s at the baker’s
12．help oneself sb to sth 1)隨便吃（招待客人用語）； If you want another drink, just help yourself.你要是想再喝一杯就請自便。Can I help you to some salad?我在給你來點色拉好嗎？
2)take something without permission.隨意拿取，偷竊
He’s been helping himself to the money in the drawer.他一直在偷抽屜里的錢。（或者說 自說自話的拿）
13．注意 thousands of pounds worth of diamonds 和 diamonds worth thousands of pounds 的轉換
第七課 Mutilated ladies
1.mutilate 狹義上指人的缺胳膊少腿 廣義指一樣物體因為其重要部分的缺失而使外形受損。
比如，在戰場上，被炮彈炸斷了胳膊或腿，就可以用這個詞。胳膊和腿當然是人身上的重要部分，缺胳膊少腿我們的外貌必然大受影響，所以英語中可以說：sb is mutilated in the war.回到這篇文章，一張紙幣如果缺一個角或者表面受損，這張紙幣的外表也是殘缺不全了。因此，殘鈔的英語就是mutilated note。
2．microwave里面包含一個重點前綴——micro, 是“微小”的意思。通過這個詞綴，我們會發現，原來以前要靠死記硬背的單詞都是有據可循、一脈相承的。我們可以把以下這些單詞歸成一類：microsoft(微軟)，microphone(麥克風)，microscope(顯微鏡)，microeconomy(微觀經濟)，microshake(微震)，這些單詞都和“微小”有關。
3． 課題的借代見第4課
4．大面值 large bank note 那么小面值就是small bank note
5.當你把這張錢從洗衣機里救出來，你會發現他比白紙還白。如果讓大家把這句話翻成英文，這個“救”字，同學們第一反應會想到哪個詞？是不是 save？那作者為什么不用save，而用rescue? 這就關系到單詞的推敲。沒錯，save 和 rescue是同義詞，都有“救”的意思。但同學們要注意了，任何一組同義詞，不管它們同屬于褒義詞，貶義詞或是中性詞，必定存在著微秒的差異。或是程度輕重（surprise / amaze），或是態度莊諧（mother/mum），或是方式直婉（foolish/unwise）。我們在寫作的時候，一定要對這些詞反復進行推敲斟酌，琢磨同義詞微妙的同中之異，從中挑選一個最恰當的詞，切不可不加甄選、敷衍了事。
回到文章的save和rescue, 他們究竟有什么區別？拿大家再熟悉不過的Titanic作例子，當Titanic撞上冰山，5個密封艙都進了水，船長表示巨輪將在兩個小時之內沉沒，那么假設 附近有一艘船要救Titanic號上的乘客，我們可以用save。但事實上當時附近并沒有船，兩個小時后Titanic號裂成兩截沉入海底，海面上到處漂浮著驚慌失措的遇難者，船員劃著小船去救已經凍得奄奄一息的女主角Rose，就應該用rescue了。從這個例子大家能不能體會到save 和rescue 的區別？當不幸的事即將但尚未發生的時候，實施一種救援行為，我們用save，而當悲劇釀成之后，實施一種補救性質的救援行為，我們用rescue。大家知道這個區別后，我們結合文章來分析。假設并不是像文章中所說，而是這個人把衣服扔進洗衣機，在按動洗衣按鈕的那一瞬間，一下子想起口袋里還有這個月省下來的100塊私房錢，趕緊把錢“救”了出來，這里用save更加妥當。因為紙幣還沒有被損壞，不幸的事尚未發生。但文章中要描述的情景是：這100塊私房錢已經和衣服一起在洗衣機里折騰了有一段時間（第二句的then表示這個人過了好一會才緩過神來，為第三句描述紙幣的面目全非打下伏筆：be whiter than white），這種情況下，在這個人眼里，一場悲劇已經上演，他再去挽救，用rescue是不是更貼切呢？
關于rescue和save講了這么多，希望大家今后寫文章中要字斟句酌，注意同義詞的推敲。牢記Mark Twain說的那句話：The difference between the right word and the almost right word is just like lightening and lightening bug.適當的詞和看似適當的詞，他們的區別就好像閃電和螢火蟲一樣（外貌酷似，內涵卻大相徑庭）
6.feed這個詞，它最常用的意思是飼養，喂（動物或者嬰兒），也可以引申為照料植物。作者把dog作為feed的賓語，我們不會有異議，而這里怎么把機器也作為feed的賓語呢？因為作者找出了他們的共性，洗衣機的那個翻蓋就好像是動物的嘴巴一樣，公用一個feed，用的及其精當，妙不可言。同時這也是一種擬人擬物的修辭手法，它給人一種形象的感覺，使動態更傳神，另作者筆下生輝！那么除了機器之外，儲蓄罐、自動售貨機, 公交車上的投幣箱都可以成為feed的對
象(feed the money box, feed the vendor 等等)，因為他們有個像“口”的部分。
7.A recent case concerns Jane Butlin whose fiancé, John runs a successful furniture business.最近的一個例子和Jane有關，她的未婚夫John經營了一家生意興隆的家具店。
8．特別要指出：a recent case concerns sb 這種由結論過渡到具體例子的銜接性句子。大家應該記得在新概念三冊第四課也出現過這樣的過渡性句子：??., as it did in the case of sb。這兩個經典結構希望大家能暗記于心，寫文章的時候可以信手拈來，為自己文章平添幾分地道的英文色彩。在眼下各類英語考試中，時不時拿出這樣的新概念鉆石句型show一下，必會讓考官對你刮目相看。
我們舉個例子：我們學校有很多三好學生，瑪麗就是這么個例子，她門門科都拿第一。
There are many straight-A students in our school, as it did in the case of Mary, who is a tip student in every subject.There are many straight-A students in our school.A case concerns Mary who is a tip student in every subject.9．go horse-riding。它是我們熟悉的go doing sth的變體（比如，go fishing, go swimming 等等），就是這里的doing是一個n.+doing的復合詞。像go horse-riding這樣的構詞法，我們再補充幾個例子：出去騎自行車兜風 go bicycle-riding;去放風箏 go kite-flying;出去觀光 go sight-seeing;只逛街不花錢 go window-shopping。
10．beautifully-cooked 這個詞組很好的表現出了當時那對準夫妻的心態。他們眼看著一天辛辛苦苦賺來的錢就這么付之東流了，心情應該是沮喪的，但從beautifully-cooked這個詞里絲毫看不出沮喪，反倒有點輕松的意味。作者這里用了一個修辭手法——反語（irony），反語除了能起諷刺作用以外，在這里更加表達了作者一種善意的幽默俏皮，營造輕松活潑的氣氛。這樣的寫法反映出作者，或者更大一點說，老外那種積極樂觀的人生態度，天塌下來了都不怕，災難當頭了還不忘記幽默一把。類似于這樣的反語我們后面的一篇課文也有一例：某人被海關懷疑藏有未經申報的物品，官員們把他攔下，雙方折騰了很久才真相大白，他是冤枉的。在耽擱了那么長時間后，這個人匆匆忙忙地繼續趕路，作者這樣寫道：hurry away with precious chalk marks on the baggage。其中precious一詞也是反語，表現出老外的那種樂觀大度，風趣幽默，一場尷尬，一切不愉快，隨著一個單詞便煙消云散了。這種寫法 52課 58課都有出現
第八課 A famous monastery
1.watchdog n看門狗；監督部門a watchdog committee檢查委員會
注意中西方對狗的觀點不同
2．rash adj 輕率的，草率的
a rash decision草率的決定 a rash promise 輕許的諾言
3．Enclosure enclose 和surround相比 enclose 專指用籬笆 欄桿圍起來
另外它還能指信件“隨函附上”Enclosed, you will find ???..cl-封閉，隱藏close關上disclose,泄露closet壁櫥include包括exclude不包括clothes衣服
4．connect vt聯系起來connect A and B;connect A to / with B把---和---聯系起來
5．At ?.meters.學會表示海拔高度的句型
比如： At 1980 meters, Heavenly Lake is the highest tourist attraction in China.6．試比較there are still a few people who attempt to cross / a few people still attempt to cross為什么作者選用前者？我們可以想象一下英國的民族特性，他們的舉手投足之間總是那樣的有翩翩的紳士風度，講話表達也帶有不緊不慢的優雅之風。他們往往把return說成get back，聽上去不那么生硬，就好像他們講到“因為”不喜歡用because, 而更多的用for一樣；講到“曾經”不愛用once而用there was a time when；講到“很多人怎么怎么樣”不用many people do something, 而更偏愛there are countless people who??等等等等，所有這一切都給人一種娓娓道來的感覺。看來，多多研究一下老外的脾性，分析一下老外的思維方式，也能使我們的文章更為native一點。
7．降 drop 描述數量增減的常用動詞
升：increase, rise, go up, climb, crawl, soar, shoot up, rocket, jump, hit 降：decrease, decline, drop, slip, fall, tumble, nosedive, plummet.The number of---dropped / went sharply down to---in 1999.The number of---climbed / jumped / rose suddenly / went sharply up / soared to---.There was an evident / obvious / apparent increase in---from---to---The number of---increased / rose steadily / gradually from---to---There was a steady / gradual increase / rise in the number of---from---to---There was a slight / slow increase / rise in the number of---from---to The number of---increased / rose / slightly / slowly f
8． prefer---to---I much prefer dogs to cats.比起貓，我更喜歡狗。
She prefers singing to acting.太喜歡唱歌勝過喜歡表演。→ P69:Ex5 prefer to do sth rather than do sth I prefer to read rather than sit idle.我寧愿讀書，不愿閑坐著。He preferred to stay at home rather than go with us.他寧愿呆在家里，而不愿和我們一塊去。
9． Receive a warm welcome 新概念三還注重“舊詞翻新”。課文中不少單詞因為學生早早就接觸到，往往會被忽略，殊不知英語單詞本身含義頗深，又受文化、語境的影響，在句子中表達的意思千變萬化。所以新概念三的單詞學習強調挖掘單詞的本質，掌握詞匯含義的精華。比如，receive這個單詞沒有同學會說不認識，但若只會用它來造receive a letter, receive a gift這樣的詞組，那和二冊的學生有什么區別呢？在新概念三中我們會學到，receive的賓語可以不僅限于具體的實物，還可以是抽象的效果。因此在新概念三中接觸了receive a warm welcome, receive a rude reply, receive praise and abuse, receive a great deal of attention 等詞組后，對于receive這個單詞將會有更深刻的理解和更靈活的運用。
10．關于本文背景介紹：
瑞士是歐洲中部的一個小國家，與法國、德國、奧地利、意大利接壤。國家雖小，里面的人卻有三種官方語言：German, French and Italian.瑞士境內多山，大約60%的面積屬于阿爾卑斯山區.從飛機上看下去：瑞士既有白雪皚皚的高峰，又有郁郁蔥蔥的丘壑，還有碧波蕩漾的水上景色。不是有篇課文說嘛：The Great St.Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.圣伯納德大山口連接著瑞士和意大利。這里我們來認識一下文章 著名修道院 里的主角——St.Bernard dog。
圣伯納德狗體形極大，大約190磅。它們是救生天使，穿行在白雪皚皚的阿爾卑斯山巔營救在瑞士的阿爾卑斯山區迷路或失蹤的人，以具帶傳奇性的救護能力著名。當avalanche（雪崩）發生了，行人被困在雪地里，圣伯納德狗就會出動，即使深陷2、3米深的厚雪，它們也能開出道來，所以營救身陷雪崩的登山者是再合適不過了。因此被瑞士人視為國寶。
但據近來報道，大名鼎鼎的瑞士圣伯納德營救犬要下課了。因為體大力壯，搜救犬消耗驚人，每天至少要吃2公斤肉，人們已無力喂養。此外，近年來直升機及其他現代營救設備已逐漸取代搜救犬的功能，據說過去50年間圣伯納德犬再沒有營救過一個人。圣伯納德狗作為營救衛士的時代終于一去不復返。
第九課 Flying cats
1.sth fascinate sb 經典句式 ＝ sb be interested in sth/ sb be fond of sth/ sb like sth/ sb be crazy about sth fascinate 程度較 attract更深一層
2．affectionate adj親切的，充滿深情的
an affectionate couple恩愛的一對an affectionate hug親切的擁抱affection n摯愛，慈愛He feels / has a deep affection for his daughter.他非常疼愛她的女兒。
fect-做effect n效果，影響affect vt影響affected做作的affectation n裝腔作勢defect n缺點perfect adj完美的
3．A is submissive to B= A submit to B miss, mit投，送missile n導彈mission n使命，使節emit vt釋放出intermit dismiss解散
正因為mit本意是傳送，submit本意指由下往上傳，上交 submit the essay to the professor
4.never fail to do 雙重否定
雙重否定，表示肯定的意思
never/ not./ hardly/ no 等否定詞＋without There is no fire without smoke.It is not uncommon---司空見慣的是 It is not uncommon to see young loves billing and cooing in the street.It is not unusual that when a child has a problem, he often turns to his intimate friends for sympathy and advice, leaving his parents totally in the dark.5．注意 be suspected of 與 be suspicious of 的區別
注意suspicious 的兩個意思
6．remain v聯系動詞，保持不變，后面可以直接跟形容詞、名詞、分詞做表語。
Despite the danger, she remained calm.盡管面臨危險，她仍保持冷靜。She remained a widow for the rest of her life.她丈夫去世后他一直沒有再嫁人。
The situation remains unchanged.形勢依然沒有改變。
He remained standing for a good hour.他足足站了一個小時。
7．定語從句與同位語從句的區別
第一，同位語從句只能跟在少數抽象名詞的后面（belief, fact, announcement, news, idea, thought, hope, report, question）；而定語從句的先行詞不受限制。
第二，同位語從句與其先行詞之間是解釋與被解釋的關系；而定語從句于其先行詞之間是修飾與被修飾的關系。比較：
The rumor(that)he spread everywhere turned out to be not true.定語從句
The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be not true.同位語從句
8．There is a good deal of truth in what you say 你說得很有道理 there is an element of truth in what you say 你說的有那么點道理(參照12課)there is little truth in what you say.你說的沒什么道理
9．Ability to survive 動詞不定式做定語，與所修飾的名詞有三種邏輯關系：
1）同位關系
All our attempts to rescue the child from drowning were in vain.常見的名詞有：ability, agreement, ambition, anxiety, arrangement, attempt, claim, decision, determination, eagerness, failure, hope, inclination, need, plan, promise, refusal, resolution, tendency, wish, reluctance, willingness.2)主謂關系
He is the best man to do the job.他是做這項工作的最佳人選。The train to arrive is from New York.就要到達的火車是從紐約開來的。
3）動賓關系
I have a letter to write.I bought a magazine for her to read on plane.我買了一本雜志給他在飛機上看。
在這種情況下，如果動詞不定式的動詞是不及物的，后面就應該加上適當的介詞。
I need a pen to write with.(to write with a pen)比如下文就有：there are plenty of high-rise windowsills to fall from
如果學生水平太差就這么說：
三“力”和一“夢”,有些名詞只能用to do做定語 *right I have right to vote.*ability He has ability to speak Spanish.*effort努力
In his effort to run business he earns good money.很多 *dream I have a dream to become an artist.I dream of becoming an artist.做動詞時加of或from
10.Survive earthquake 在地震中幸存
She survived her husband by 3 years 比丈夫多活3年
切記survive是及物動詞 后面不要受中文影響加個from
有些動詞表面看要加介詞，實際上不用
┌survive?（不加介詞）幸免
├interview sb.會見
├divorce sb.與?離婚 /marry └contact you聯系
The little girl survive the flood.I will marry my daughter to him.get married with sb.11.have---in common 中間可以加程度：
The two brothers have little in common.這兄弟倆沒有多上共同之處。We had a great deal in common.我們有很多共同之處。
也可以像課文加具體東西：
We have one hobby in common 有共同愛好
12.die from死于創傷、饑餓The soldier died from a wound in the chest.胸部受傷而死。
die of死于疾病、饑餓Many people died of starvation.13.可模仿句型 be the ideal ? for have no shortage of NCE is the ideal material for English studies for there is no shortage of classic sentences and structures.14.注意behave like 和 be like 的區別
15．注意推敲 hit the ground 和 reach the ground 的不同
第十課 The loss of the Titanic
1.表示大的高級詞匯：colossal.tremendous, giant, titanic , gigantic, immense
2.watertight adj不漏水的
watertight tight 譯為 not allowing the passage of 所以密封瓶 airtight bottle
3.compartment n密封艙，火車車廂內的分隔間
part-分開，部分depart v離開，死impartial adj公平的participate vt參加participant n參加者particle n分子，微粒counterpart n相對的人或物
4．float當心有in air 和 in water 兩層意思
船的行駛sail完全可用float 塵埃 氣球在空氣中漂浮也用這個詞
5.liner n客輪，郵輪airliner客機line航線airline航空公司 voyage journey, tour, travel, trip, voyage, excursion, expedition, cruise 這些名詞均含“旅行”之意。
journey:最普通用詞，側重指時間較長、距離較遠的單程陸上旅行，也指水上或空中的旅行。
tour:指最后反回出發地，旅途中有停留游覽點，距離可長可短，目的各異的周游或巡行。
travel:泛指旅行的行為而不指某次具體的旅行，多指到遠方作長期旅行，不強調直接目的地，單、復數均可用。
trip:普通用詞，口語多用，常指為公務或游玩作的較短暫的旅行。voyage:指在水上旅行，尤指海上旅行，也可指空中旅行。excursion:較正式用詞，常指不超過一天的短時期娛樂性游玩，也可指乘火車或輪船往返特定景點的遠足旅游。expedition:指有特定目的遠征或探險。cruise:主要指乘船的游覽并在多處停靠。
7.iceberg n冰山
the tip of the iceberg: the small part of a problem(the problem is much more serious and widespread that it seems to be.)冰山的一角，端倪This air crash is seen as merely the tip of an iceberg.這次客機墜毀事件看來只是事情的端倪。
8．collide可以車輛船只飛機碰撞，也可以思維（ideas）等沖突
9.narrowly adv 差一點，剛剛（與miss, escape連用）He narrowly escaped being drowned.她險些淹死。勉強地We narrowly missed the hitting the other car.我們差一點撞上另一輛汽車。She narrowly missed winning an Oscar.她差一點獲得奧斯卡獎。
10．抖的速度由快到慢的
┌shiver打寒戰
├tremble（人、物）震顫
├stir撓動，攪動
├shake握手
└quiver內心的戰栗
11.slight輕微的（聲音）
├faint(noise)昏迷的微弱的Faint breath微弱呼吸 ├dim（光線）微弱的├dizzy眩暈giddy └gentle輕，溫柔的 gentle pace of living
12.Abandon abandon具體拋物體
├desert sb.拋棄（情感）
├cast擲
├throw away扔掉
└discard棄掉（無用物）
13.ever 重點！往往放在最高級或序數詞后面，翻譯成有史以來，史無前例等
This is the first international meeting that has ever been held in an Asian country 這是有史以來第一次在亞洲國家舉行的國際性會議
14.narrowly missing---現在分詞短語做狀語，表示結果，一般位于句末，其邏輯主語為前面的整個句子，有時為了加強語氣，可以在前面加上副詞so, thus, thereby, hence等。
Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.她丈夫1942年死了，給他丟下四個孩子。
The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic problem in the area.雪下了一個星期，給這一地區造成了嚴重的交通問題。
He didn’t come today, thereby making necessary for us to find someone to do his work..他今天沒來，使得我們得找個人做他的工作。
三冊33課也有類似句型：smashing????
15.rise 這里表示高度 是靜態
16．to one’s delight / relief / horror / joy / satisfaction / surprise / dismay / disappointment / astonishment / anger / annoyance / embarrassment / amazement / shame
17.美國的飲食文化
A．some breakfast Dishes(1)scrambled / boiled / fired eggs 炒雞蛋、煮蛋、煎蛋
(sunny-side-up)一面焦(over)兩面焦(easy-over)中間流湯(2)American sausage(3)nuiffins蘇油餅 biscuit軟餅 B．Salad色拉 / cocktail雞尾酒 fired onion洋蔥 / rings starters發酵劑/ pepper胡椒粉 chicken powder雞精
leftovers剩菜 / doggy bag食袋
第十一課 Not guilty
1.guilty 有罪的
guiltless adj無罪的，無辜的be guiltless of criminal, guilty 這兩個形容詞均表示“犯罪的”之意。criminal:側重指某種行為是違犯法律的，因而應受到懲罰。guilty:主要指某種行為違反道德標準，也可指違犯法律。
2．Tolerable tolerant 區分！
3．fid-信任，相信confide v信任，信賴confidant n知己，心腹confidential adj機要的diffident adj無自信的，羞怯的fidelity n忠誠；精確high-fidelity
4．hardened adj老練的，根深蒂固的
a hardened criminal一個慣犯，一個死不悔改的罪犯a hardened police officer harden vt使---變硬；使變得冷酷無情(usually passvie)Dennis is becoming hardened to failure.丹尼斯對失敗變得不在乎了。
5． exempt adj被免除的(+ from)He is exempt from military service because of his bad health.他因身體不好而眠服兵役。
vt免除，豁免exempt sb from The school exempts good pupils from examination.這所學校讓優秀的學生免試。She was exempted from paying tax.她被允許免交稅。
6．Unscrew 注意前綴un的用法
7．go through 重點 1)通過
2)經歷，經受(experience, suffer)3)仔細檢查The country has gone through two many wars.這個國家經歷了太多的戰爭。
She went through Tom’s jacket pockets and eventually found the keys.她仔細檢查了湯姆的夾克口袋，最終找到了鑰匙。
8．With great care 比carefully 更正式,更書卷氣 類似寫法 with great scorn in little surprise with+抽象名詞with delight / great care / difficulty / ease / joy / satisfaction / We heard with joy that she had escaped injury.聽說他沒有受傷，真令人欣慰。
The man walked with difficulty.那個男子步履艱難。with difficulty艱難地，吃力地
We won the football match with ease.我們輕易地贏了那場比賽。I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction.9.eye light up/ face light up 都表示某人突然間十分高興
10.as引導非限定性定語從句
as作為關系代詞，代表整個主句的內容，同時又保留“如同、像”的含義。We had completely misjudged the situation, as we latter discovered.David, as you know, has not been well lately.如你所知，大為近來身體不大好。
要特別注意as在定語從句中做主語的情況（考研的重點）：
He is absent, as is often the case.他與經常一樣，沒有來。
He is a teacher, as is clear from his manner.這一點從他的舉止中可以看出來。
As was expected, he performed the task with success.不出所料，他成功地完成了任務
11．Be greeted by 是一個中性詞組 后面可以加褒義東西也可以加貶義東西
它的意思有 “看到 聽到 聞到 受到。。。。“ I was greeted by a sweet smell.甜味撲鼻而來
I was greeted by the freshness of spring.春意躍入眼簾
甚至代替第8課的receive構成 be greeted by a warm welcome.語氣詞
oops!= shit狗屎
├terrible慘透了
├E?表吃驚
├Aha表高興
├Wow~ 大驚
├Yup是的，不錯
├Yeah是的，不錯
├Blah?等等 /bla/ ├Auch?疼痛發出的聲音
└Alas唉（遺憾）
第十二課 Life on a desert island
1.paradise n天堂，樂土Hangzhou is dubbed as the paradise on earth.Forests are a paradise of wildlife.heaven, sky, paradise 這些名詞均有“天”或“天堂”之意。
heaven:作“天空”解時，常用復數，文學用詞；作“天堂”解時，多用大寫形式，采用單數。
sky:普通用詞，指人們頭頂上的天空，一般屬于籠罩地球的空氣層。較少用于指天國或天堂。
paradise與heaven同義，宗教色彩濃厚，指好人死后靈魂長存之處，口語中表示樂園或樂事，在宗教典故中，指天主教與基督教中的伊甸樂園。
2.remote遙遠的
├uninhabited無人居住
├isolated隔絕
└desert island荒涼的┌unpopular不受歡迎的
├deserted此時無人（暫時）
└barren貧瘠
3.genuine ＝ sincere/ authentic I’m genuinely sorry for what I said.我對我說的話表示真誠的歉意。His suitcase is made of genuine leather.他的手提箱是真皮的。a very genuine person一個真誠的人
gen-gener-生gender n性別gene n基因generate vt產生，造成generation n一代人genetics n遺傳學genius n天才congenial adj意氣相投的ingenious adj靈敏的，靈巧的ingenuous adj純真的，單純的
4.不錯的句型： Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island.We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines.The other side of the picture is quite the opposite.There is an element of truth??
ripe corn熟玉米
├He is a worker rape in experience.技術熟練
┝mature成熟（思想）
└full-grown長成 5.load 把握多重意思：裝載貨物，照相機裝膠卷，槍支上膛等 引申意思后面課文會出現
6．理解put的意思：explain express 比如： how to put it in Chinese? Let me put it in another way.7.wish / wished后面的賓語從句
wish / wished具有強烈的感情色彩，表示難以實現的愿望或者與事實相違背的情況。
1)對當時的情況表示愿望：賓語從句用一般過去時 I wish I knew his address.(But I don’t know.)
2)對將來表示希望或祝愿：賓語從句用would / could +動詞原形 I wish you would shut up.3)對過去的事情表示遺憾后悔：賓語從句用過去完成時或者would / could +現在完成時
I wish I had been there.I wish I could have gone with you to the concert last night.Special difficulties
表愿望wish或if only其中wish常指尚有可能發生的事，而if only則強調所希望的狀況并不存在。在wish和if only后要用過去時表現在，用過去完成時表過去。
(1).They wished they had stayed there longer.后跟過去完成時(2).I wish you would do as you are told.“將要”過去將來時(3).I wish she could see me now.(4).I wish I had more time to spare.(5).I wish I hadn’t said anything about it.“說過”本是過去時虛擬成過去完成時，say后幾乎全是過去完成時
(6).I wish you hadn’t spent so much money.“花過”同上(7).If only the weather would change.(8).If only you would try a little harder!(9).If only we could have gone to the party!(10).If only I would become a scientist.如果?該多好啊 后跟would很少跟could
8.starve hunger, famine, starvation 這些名詞均有“饑餓”之意。hunger:普通用詞，指人體對于食物迫切需要的正常生理現象。
famine:指因天災人禍而引起大規模饑荒；用作引申，指嚴重缺乏某種物資或人力。
starvation語氣比hunger強得多。指因長期缺乏食物所造成的痛苦，甚至死亡，側重人為的災難所致。
第十三課 It’s only me
1．costume 和生活服裝對應 戲服 化妝服 民族服裝
national costume ancient costume
2．consist of 1.不用于被動語態2.不用于進行時態 Our class consists of 10 boys and 10 girls.注意區分它與：be made of / be composed of / constitute的區別
sist: stand —— insist persist resist assist consist
3．comfortable adj1.舒適的，舒服的；自在的a comfortable chair / pair of
shoes / income舒服的椅子/鞋子/相當不錯的收入live / lead a comfortable life過著舒服的生活She doesn’t feel comfortable with strangers.她在生人面前不自在。
4．storeroom 可以借此說一下西方房屋內部結構
5．Pace 和step 區別：
后者一般只于walk搭配；而前者強調步幅，可以于任何行走方式搭配，比如：jump several paces/ run several paces/ move several paces/ 另外pace作為動詞有焦急踱步的意思 可以帶一下
6．Flee和escape的區別：一般前者強調過程 后者強調結果 flee逃離（某個危險的境地）
They were forced to flee（from）the country / flee abroad.他們被迫逃離這個國家/ 逃到國外。
She fled the kidnappers and telephoned the police.她從綁架者那里逃脫，給警方打了電話。
escape（從某個囚禁的地方，如監獄，籠子）逃出
They managed to escape from the burning house.他們設法從這個著火的旅館里逃了出來。
7．slam v砰的一聲關上
常見的擬聲詞： bubble冒泡，沸騰whistle口哨聲rustle沙沙聲drum鼓 ring鈴聲chug機器的喀扎聲
bang猛撞bomb炸彈 boom興旺，隆隆聲scratch刮，擦
bump撞擊dump傾倒，嘭的一聲放下gallop馬飛奔drip滴下 drop滴pump氣筒 crack破裂click點擊snap突然折斷tap輕敲
8．dress up as裝扮成The children dressed up as pirates.孩子們裝扮成海盜。
也有dress up oneself as 的說法，所以有了下面的做法：
Dressed up as a white-collar, Alf went to work.(過去分詞作伴隨狀語)
注意本文出現的4處表示穿衣的詞組： dress up as / put on/ try on/ wear.there was a knock on the door 模仿： there is a ring on the door 還是符合英國人講話的風格 參見第8課
10.Not wanting to?..現在分詞短語做狀語，表示原因。
Being unable to afford a car, he bought a bicycle.由于買不起汽車，他買了一輛自行車。
Not knowing what to do he telephoned the police.因為不知道怎么辦，他給警察打了個電話。
Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.（05考研/翻譯）
3/30 L18: Fearing the authorities, Eric remained in hiding after the war was over.11．Realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who..定語從句與先行詞的分離
定語從句一般緊跟在所修飾的現行詞的后面，但有時會被其他的修飾成分隔開。
3/30 L10: No one suspected that there might be someone else on the farm who had never been seen.3/36 L20:---in a village fifty miles away where he had remained ever since.12.let out a cry / a laugh/ a sigh/ black smoke/ bad smell/ a secret 挖掘這個詞組后面加的賓語
第十四課 A noble gangster
1．gangster 過一下一些不法之徒： smuggler kidnapper pirate trafficker pickpocket
2．prompt 及時 punctual 準時
(一定要區分 三冊無數次出現)
3．Destroy damage spoil等區別
指出學生作文犯的重復錯誤：destroy completely;master well, return back, true fact等等
4．remarkable adj不同尋常的，顯著的Divorce rate has registered a remarkable rise in the past few years.在過去的幾年里，離婚率顯著的增加了。
significant, considerable, marked, noticeable, notable, perceivable, sizeable dramatic drastic
5．Band 綁 bandage husband
6.dedicate v奉獻，題獻給dedicate---to---He dedicate his first book to his mother.他把他的第一版書題獻給他母親。
They dedicated themselves to helping the poor.他們致力于幫助窮人。
dedicate, devote 這兩個動詞均有“奉獻”之意。
dedicate:正式用詞，指獻身于某一崇高事業或目的，也可指把著作題獻給他人。
devote:普通用詞，指決心把全部身心、精力、時間等獻給某一目標，某一個人或致力于某一事業。
7．Memory 記一句口語：if my memory serves me.如果我沒記錯的話
8．val-強壯valid健康的，有效的invalid有病的；病人prevalent盛行的，普遍的
9．There was a time when 再次回顧第8，13課英國人的講話風格 那么是不是有啟示了？
“在世界的某個地方，人們習慣用點頭表示不。”
Somewhere in the world, 這種大眾化的平庸表達落伍啦，可以退休了！不妨試著模仿老外的口氣：There is a place in the world where people express no by nodding，這樣的語句是不是為你的文章多添了幾分雅致？
10．in return for---作為對---的回報，作為---的交換
What can I do in return for your kindness? 我怎么才能報答你的好意呢？
口語中用for即可 這里考慮到書面語的正式
11．Put sb out of business 這里是新三第二次出現put的經典意思： 第一處：12課 理解為explain 這里: 理解為使某人處于一個境地 what you said put me in a bad mood
12.obtaining ??????可以注意一下作者主語的多樣性
其實現在分詞作主語 來代替老掉牙句型 it is not a modern crime to obtain?.是不是可愛了很多啊？！
13．as long ago / early / recently / late as早/近在---用來加強語氣，一般用于書面語中
Maria died as long ago as 1920.瑪麗亞早在1920年就去世了。I saw him as recently as last March.去年三月我還見到他呢。I saw her as late as last week.上個星期還看到他呢。
14．would rather do A than do B have sth done 這兩個結構是這個句子的重點 特別后者
have sth done不再是 叫別人幫你做事 而是：遭受一你不愿意看到的結果
比如： I had my purse stolen on my way here
15.make a name for oneself / make one’s name出名，成名
Yang Liwei made a name for himself as the first Chinese spaceman.16.be known to others as 很好的詞組
有了它我們不用說 call sb sth 了 呵呵
比如：we call Heavenly Lake a famous tourist attraction 現在可以改善一下：Heavenly Lake is known to us all as a famous tourist attraction
17．come與動詞不定式連用，表示經過一過程而發生某種情況，逐漸地
How did you come to know him? He came to realize that he was mistaken.I hope we shall be friends and come to understand each other.18．be at war 靜態 fight 動態
19．State funeral 文化：英美國家聚會
1)birthday / wedding party非常正式 2)strawberry-picking party采摘節
3)brown-bag party自帶食品聚會（牛皮紙帶）4)Christmas tree-trimming party妝扮樹 5)cocktail party雞尾酒會
6.)fall foliage party秋天觀景聚會（樹葉）7.)stag party男性參加入聚會
8)house-warming parth暖房聚會（遷新居）9.)garden party花園（三四人）10.)quitting party女性聚會
11)gay party(lesbion女)男同性戀聚會
20.Special difficulties 1)I prefer to wait here.├I would rather wait here.└I would sooner wait here.2.)I prefer not to wait here.├I would rather not wait here.└I would sooner not wait here.3)It would be better if he waited here.└I’d rather he waited here.4)It would be better if he did not wait here.└I’d rather he didn’t wait here.*would rather +別人+一般過去時
1)I’d rather go to the cinema.2)I’d rather he left earlier
3)I’d rather you didn’t speak to him.4)I’d rather not speak about it.5)I’d rather my father settled the account.6)she’d rather you didn’t tell anyone about it.第十五課 Fifty pence worth of trouble
1．看課題回憶第6課相同的詞組
2．appreciate vt欣賞，感激
appreciate works of art欣賞藝術作品We appreciate your helping us.謝謝你幫助我們。
preci-= price價值precious寶貴的preciousness寶貴depreciate貶值，輕視depreciation貶值
所以appreciate 還有升值的意思
3．rattle-snake響尾蛇
4.thrifty節儉的，節約的a thrifty housewife / meal節儉的家庭主婦/簡單的一頓飯be thrifty with grain節約糧食frugal adj using only as much money as is necessary節儉的 stingy, tight-fisted
economical, thrifty 這兩個形容詞都表示“節約的”之意。economical:指正當使用財物，強調節省，避免浪費。thrifty:側重節縮開支，積蓄收入。
5．bounce 與spring 的區別：前者在硬表面上跳 后者在軟表面上跳 另外bounce常常引申為一個人精力充沛a bouncy person精力充沛的人
6．pavement n人行道 非斑馬線
pave the way for: make possible為---鋪平道路The agreement paves the way for a lasting peace.這項協議為持久的和平鋪平了道路。
7． Stick 粘 卡住（fish bone/ drawer./ zip等）
8． Provide a regular supply of be a source of sth 學習作者的寫作手法，用兩個截然不同的短語表達同一個意思
9．Go a long way已由空間概念轉換成時間概念：last a long period of time
10.fill up a money box 仔細觀察一下這句話，大家有沒有這樣的疑問：fill是個及物動詞，可以
直接跟賓語，為什么這里作者要加一個介詞up? 這里的up 起了強調作用，強調前面那個動作的完全、徹底，有completely的意思。因此，up在這里強調，孩子一般并不是滿足于把錢放進儲蓄罐 而是把儲蓄罐填的滿滿的
up的這種用法，前文也有出現：第7課chew up the money(up在這里強調，狗一般并不是把錢咬成一半或幾部分，而是他們喜歡把錢咬得粉碎。)
掌握up這個用法，相信可以解釋大家很多的疑團。Have you finished up the dinner？原來你會以為這里的up是畫蛇添足了，現在知道了，Up是強調問話人的一種口氣：你到底有沒有把飯全吃掉？沒有up，變成：你吃完飯了嗎？句子的語氣變淺，問話人想要表達的意思也就變了味。那么同樣，如果你要問孩子： 牛奶你到底喝光了沒有？
Have you drunk up the milk? 門有沒有完完全全鎖好了？
Have you locked up the door? 你的儲蓄罐有沒有裝滿啊？
Have you filled up your money box? 我厭煩了城市生活。
I am fed up with life in the city.(feed是“喂”的意思，都把你給喂飽了，你能不厭煩嗎？)70年代末，鄧小平同志提出了“改革開放“政策，為什么英語中是open-up policy，而不是單單的open policy, 也是強調我們的開放是全面的開放，是敞開國門，走向世界的開放。
另有一個詞與up有著異曲同工之妙的是out，也可以跟在動詞后面表示動作的完全性。比如：die out（死光，絕種），sell out（貨物售罄），I gave out（精疲力竭），put out the fire（把火完全撲滅），write/list out the things I want（把我要的東西原原本本列出來）。參見22課課文
11．find one’s way(to / into---)1.到達目的地2.流入，進入
Rivers found their way to the sea.條條江河通大海。
如今電腦已經進入尋常百姓家。Nowaday computers have found their way to the common households in China.12.體會作者的幾個用詞：along down roll up push through anywhere rub using 等等等等
13．what is more, what is worse而且，表示遞進的過渡詞。even worse, to pour oil on the fire, 過渡詞語承上啟下、穿針引線，可使段落的聯系更為緊密，層次更為分明。下面是主體段寫作中一些常用的過渡詞語： 1）表示順序的過渡詞語： firstly, secondly, thirdly---;first, second, third,---;first of all, in the first place, in the second place, in the first instance, in the
second instance, for one thing,---for another, to begin with, next, also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more, beyond that, finally, last but not least.2)表示因果關系的過渡詞語
consequently, as a consequence, as a result, therefore, thus, so, accordingly, because of this, hence, for this reason, given the reasons, 3)表示比較的過渡詞語
equally important, likewise, similarly, in the same way, equally important, 4）表示對比轉折的過渡詞語
however, on the contrary, yet, whereas, on the other hand, in / by contrast, conversely, nevertheless, instead, whereas 5）表示舉例的過渡詞語 for example, for instance, as an example, as an illustration, as a case in point, let’s take---as an example, for example, such as, say, namely
第十六課 Mary had a little lamb
1.tie vt拴，系untie解開
tie a dog to a post把狗拴在柱子上be tied in a wedlock結為伉儷
Two actresses tied for the Best Actress Award.兩名女演員并列獲得最佳女演員獎。
n聯系，平局，領帶maintain close ties with the masses與群眾保持密切聯系
The match end in a tie.比賽打成平局。
2.accuse vt指責，指控accuse sb of---譴責某人---；指控某人犯---罪 He was accused of corruption / robbery / murder / fraud / taking bribes.他被控貪污/受賄。
The teacher accused him of cheating in the examination.老師指責他考試作弊。
The driver was accused of speeding.這個司機被指控超速。be falsely accused of fraud被誣告行騙
3.deny doing sth There is no denying that---很顯然---There is no denying that this is a serious blow to the government.很清楚，這件事給給政府一個嚴重的打擊。.There is no blinking /sidestepping the fact that---
4.ashamed adj感到羞恥，慚愧，在句中作表語be ashamed of---You ought to be ashamed of yourself / your behaviour.你應該為自己/自己的行為感到羞恥。
He was ashamed of having lied to her.他因對它撒了慌而感到慚愧。區別它與shameful 的區別
shameful可恥的shameful behavior可恥的行為 shameless無恥的，不要臉的
5．dye v染（dies, dyed, dyeing）dye sth + adj She dyed the dress green.她把連衣裙染成綠色。Sunset dyed the sky red.夕陽染紅了天空。
區分它與52課tint的差別
6．過去分詞做賓語不足語keep it tied to a tree I keep this gun loaded.我總是把槍裝上子彈。
You’d better had your shoes mended.你最好請人把鞋子補一補。
He has difficulty making himself understood.他不能讓別人理解自己。He wanted his eggs fried.他想把雞蛋煎著吃。
He once heard the song sung in German.又一次他聽人用德語唱這支歌。
7．It is true that---, but----誠然---，但是---admittedly, There is no denying that---
It is true that?but?（轉折）
It is true that she is a charming lady, but she is cold-hearted to others.It is true that China is a developing country, but she has great potential（潛力）for development.8．形容詞短語做狀語，表示原因。
Afraid of difficulties, they prefer to take the easy road.由于害怕困難，他們更愿意走那條好走的路。
Worried about her daughter, she went to London to visit her.由于掛念女兒，她到倫敦去看他。
Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.主席急于快速做出決定，要求投票表決。
Overjoyed, she dashed out of the house.她大喜過望，急忙跑了出去。
9.prize precious(本身具有價值)珍貴的
├valuable(內在價值)主觀詞
├invaluable無價之寶的
├prize(情感上有價值)珍愛的└dear價格高，貴的第十七課 The longest suspension bridge in the world
1.suspension suspend pend-pens-懸掛
independence獨立pending未決定的pendulum鐘擺
suspend : stop sth temporarily Fred is suspended from school for a week for bad conduct.弗雷德因品行不良被停學一周。
但這個詞的本意就是hand 懸掛
2．感受學過的幾個“位于”的異同：be located be situated stand(第三課)
3．immortal adj永生的，流芳百世的；流芳百世的偉人
Shakespeares is one of those immortals.莎士比亞是流芳百世的偉人之一。mort-死亡immortality不朽，不死mortal不免一死的mortally致命地mortician殯葬業者mortgage抵押
4．span 把握這個詞的關鍵是“跨越” 時間 空間都可以 span n跨度； Over a span of three years a surprising amount has achieved.在三年的時間里，取得了驚人的成就。Life span壽命
5．capacity n the amount something can hod or contain承受量；容量
The seating capacity of the theatre is 1500.這歌劇院有五百個座位。The factory has a productive capacity of 200 cars a week.這家工廠的最高生產能力為每星期200輛汽車。a capacity crowd.坐得得滿滿的觀眾
He attended my party in a private capacity 身份
6．elegant ad having the quality of beauty and grace優美的，別致的 a elegant woman一個高雅的女子 / an elegant piece of furniture 一件精美的家具/ elegant clothes 精致的衣服/ elegant manners優雅的舉止
leg-, lect 選擇elegance n典雅，高雅 elegible合格的 negligible可疏忽的，不重要的 negligent疏忽的 negligence疏忽
7．帶介詞的關系代詞
在正式的用法中，可以用介詞加關系代詞來引導定語從句。關系代詞whom指人；關系代詞which 指物，whose既可指人，有可指物。有四種情況：
1）prep + which / whom---The person to whom this letter was addressed died three years ago.這封信的收信人三年前去世了。2)prep + which / whose + N---The minister was the person in whose honor the state dinner was given.這就是為他舉行國宴的那位部長。In 1980 he caught a serious illness from whose effect he still suffers.34
1980年，他得了一場大病，到現在他還受害。
8．sb, about whom little is known 鮮為人知
把這個短語搖身一變： sb, about whom much/ little is known
9.In the midst of which flowed a great river 倒裝
表示方位的介詞短語放句首 句子全倒
In the center of the school stands a fountain.10．復合介詞短語 + which 引導定語從句in the midst of which---Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.聲音使人們互相交流思想的工具。
Here’s the dictionary, in the back of which you’ll find a list of proper names.這就是那本辭典，在它的后面你可以看到一個專有名詞表。
11.be named after sb name after（為紀念某人、某物）以---的名字命名
Harvard University was named after its founder, John Harvard.哈佛大學是以其創始人約翰哈佛的名字而命名的。The machine is named after its inventor.這臺機器是以其發明者的名字命名的。
12．記號形容東西高度深度的句型： rise to a height of extend to a depth of 形容東西很長 比如 海岸線有好幾千米長
The coastline extends/stretches thousands of meters.13.體會be packed with、be crowded with 以及 be loaded with 的程度區別
14．Fulfill one’s dream/duty/ promise
15．本文既然提到紐約 可以作一個簡單常識介紹
16．紐約 New York City，又被人們稱為大蘋果“Big Apple”, 追溯其來源：1920－1930年間，爵士音樂大行其道，已有個爵士樂手大唱‘成功樹上蘋果何其多，但如果你挑中了紐約，你便挑中了最大的蘋果’ There are many apples on the success tree, but when you pick New York City ,you pick the Big Apple.因為紐約薪水相對較高，而且喜歡欣賞音樂的人也很多，這些爵士樂手來到紐約，他們的音樂就有了市場。后來人們就把Big Apple 和紐約聯系起來了。
可參考一篇閱讀：
The New York City Visitor's Bureau says jazz musicians and other entertainers first called New York the Big Apple fifty years ago.At that time jazz musicians earned money by performing in many cities and towns across the United States.They usually played their music in a different town each night.But the performers would like to play in New York City best of all.New York was the place with the best-paid jobs, the most money to earn, and a greater number of people for jazz music.A performer was not considered successful until he was successful in New York.The early jazz musicians described each town and city in America as an apple on a tree.Naturally they called New York City the Big Apple.Later a night club was named The Big Apple, and a popular dance was also called The Big Apple.But no one except jazz musicians and some entertainers used this term to describe New York City.About fifteen years ago, the city officials wanted to get more people to visit New York.They needed a new symbol for their city.They remembered the stories of the jazz musicians and began using the Big Apple in their advertisements.The idea worked.Today so many persons from different parts of the world come and visit New York City every day.They may probably know New York's nickname, though they may not know why the city is called the Big Apple.紐約是世界特大城市之一，美國最大的金融、商業、貿易和文化中心。由曼哈頓、布朗克斯、布魯克林、昆斯和里士滿5個區組成。
第十八課 Electric currents in modern art
1.cur-跑occur發生 occurrence事件，發生 recur在發生，重現 incur招致
所以掌握current這個詞不能靠中文，要找一種動態的感覺： electric current 電流 air current 氣流
water current水流 current affairs 時事
currency n 貨幣 foreign currency 外幣
2．hibit-拿exhibitioner展覽者 exhibitor參加展覽會的人 inhibit阻止，抑制 inhibited性格拘謹的，內向的 prohibit禁止 prohibition禁止 prohibitor禁止者
3.attach v連，系 A is attached to B Attached, you will find ??.隨函附上（相當與第8課的enclosed）
4．repel pel: drive 驅趕
掌握這個詞根 很多類似單詞迎刃而解：
compel強迫 dispel驅散 expel開除，驅逐propel 促進
repellent adj驅逐的，令人厭惡的；驅蟲劑The idea of eating dog meat is repellent to him.她一想到吃夠人就惡心。
5．Flicker flash 不同：
flicker（燈光等）搖曳，不穩定昏暗的光a flickering candle搖曳的蠟燭 flash 迅速猛烈刺眼的光 比如閃電 a flash in the pan 曇花一現
6．Emit 復習詞根mit :send(第9課已經學過)emit vt to send out(esp.heat, light, smell, sound, etc.)放射，發出The chimney emitted a cloud of smoke.煙囪里冒出一股煙霧。the exhaust emitted by cars emission 排放
7．peculiar adj strange or unusual, esp.in displeasing way奇怪的，異常的;2)belonging only to a particular place, time, person, etc.特有的(to)This style of cooking is peculiar to the southwest of the country.這種烹飪風格是著國家西南部所特有的。
8.Not any more 中的not可以自由改成任何否定詞： rarely hardly seldom 類似比如：
He takes little interest in art now.9.be familiar to sb---（某事物）為某人所熟悉
Is this area familiar to you? 你熟悉這一地區嗎？ be familiar with sth---（某人）熟悉---I am not really familiar with the custom here.我并不真正通曉這里的風俗。
The house is familiar to him.= He is familiar with the house.10.oddly shaped ???..everyone
這句話的結構一定要分析清楚 主語中心詞form 前前后后三層定語
11．in response to = in answer to作為---的答復/反應She went to open the door in response to the knock.她聽到敲門聲去開門。
in response作為回答，作為反映 He waved his hand in response.她揮手作答。
respond to對---做出反應She didn’t respond to his advances.她對他的求愛沒有做出反應。
12．Lined up against the wall, 這部分可以看成定語 也能看成狀語
總之是個好句子！Against 有靠著的意思
Rest the piano against the wall Lean against the blackboard
13.分清in the center of 和in the middle of 的區別：前者只用語空間概念。后者時間空間通用
14．這里幾個詞可以一起講： all the time continuously on and off on and on
15.angry 擬人用法
可以引申一些修辭手法：
要想寫出活潑的句子，優美的文章，還離不開修辭手法的運用。很多學生寫文章時，僅僅滿足把事情說清楚，平鋪直敘，只注重語言通順不通順，合理不合理，對語言的運用不作深究，說穿了就是“冷落”修辭手法，忽略了修辭與寫作的“攀枝結節”。
下面我們欣賞一些常用的修辭手法：
比喻，擬人—— 比喻能化抽象為形象，擬人能變無靈為有靈；試比較以下兩例：
The bad news was a dagger into her heart（隱喻）The bad news knocked at her door at midnight（擬人）前句說明了壞消息對她的打擊如同刀子戳她的心一樣難受，通過兩者的相似點，使人感到壞消息的強烈程度；后者把壞消息突然變成一個撞擊房門的一個活生生的人，說明了壞消息在深更半夜突然而至。這比起簡單說She got the bad news at midnight形象多了。
夸張—— 夸張能強化語義，突出形象，渲染感情。試比較以下兩例： She was extremely anxious.（她十分地緊張）。意思一目了然，表現卻顯得單薄。如果改成She had her heart in her mouth.是不是味道完全不一樣了？同樣再看一句
She went home, crying terribly.She went home in a flood of tears./ She went home, tears streaming down.與加以夸張手法的后者相比，前者要黯然失色了許多吧？
反語 —— 反語可以表示挖苦諷刺，有時更增添幽默詼諧的情趣，讓你的語言更俏皮：
If people keep telling you to quit smoking, don’t listen? They are probably trying to trick you into living longer.（如果有人苦口婆心勸你戒煙，不要理他??他們大概是想騙你活得長些）這是美國防癌協會的一則戒煙廣告。它改變了正面說教的傳統方式，而采用了反語方式進行規勸。煙民們會在反語中受到警惕：惟有戒煙才有利于健康，才能活得長久。可見，在一定語
言環境中，反語比正說更有力量，更能起到效果。
押韻 —— 通過相同（相似）音節的重復很容易引起讀者的注意，使語句具有和諧的韻律美：
Our hopes, our hearts, our hands are with those on every continent who are building democracy and freedom.我們的希望，我們的內心，我們的雙手與各大洲為民主和自由而奮斗的人民緊緊相連。
這是美國前總統克林頓就職演說中的一句話，他利用頭韻（hope，heart，hand三個單詞清輔音三次重復/h/）使得演說音韻悠揚，節奏明朗。
許多英語諺語利用押韻給人一種音韻美，不但增強了英語諺語的藝術魅力，也使它更易于誦讀和記憶，可謂誦之金聲玉振，聞之行云流水。比如：Live and learn.（活到老，學到老）；No sweat, no sweet.（不勞動，不得食）。
注：這個押韻的修辭可以放置41課講。
英語中的修辭手法品目繁多，諸如反復，通感，借代，委婉，矛盾修辭等等。據粗略統計，莎士比亞劇作中就有60多種，而上文只對常見的修辭格加以簡要介紹。大家記住，文章中有效地運用修辭手法，能化平淡為新奇，化呆板為鮮活，化枯燥為生動，化冗雜為洗練，化晦澀為明快，化一般為藝術，喚起美感，娛人耳目，增強語言的表現力，說服力和感染力！
第十九課 A very dear cat
1.wealthy adj有錢的，富的a wealthy man / family一個富人rich, well-off, comfortably-off wealth n [U] a man of wealth一個富人
-y 形容詞后綴，加在名詞后面，表示有---的，---多的
rainy, icy, bloody, worthy, guilty, faulty, greedy, spicy 有香味的，辣的
-y 名詞后綴，加在形容詞后面，構成抽象名詞，表示性質，情況，狀態 后綴往往能改變詞性，但不改變意思；前綴不改變詞性，但往往改變意思。difficulty, jealousy, modesty, beggary, honesty, mastery, jeopardy
2.orderly adj整齊的
ly 作形容詞后綴一般理解為兩種 like:friendly costly motherly 頻率 monthly weekly daily
3.disappearance n 失蹤appearance出現, appear 出現
dis-表示否定，反對，除去，分開disagree, disapprove, disbelieve, discourage, disguise, disregard忽視, distract, differ, difficult diffident缺乏自信的
4.anonymous adj 匿名的an anonymous letter一封匿名信
anonymity n 無名，匿名work in anonymity默默無聞地工作 nonym-,名字synonym antonym
5．ransom 注意別和random 混淆
6．withdraw troops/ order/ labour/ money/ custom 后面形形色色賓語好多啊
7．Astound 注意幾個“驚奇“的細微差別：surprise amaze startle
8.同位語
在一個名詞的后面，可以跟另一個名詞性的結構，進一步說明他是誰或它是什么，這種名詞性結構叫同位語。同位語是中國學生的閱讀殺手。
His only interest in life, playing football, has brought him many friends.他生活中唯一感興趣的東西踢足球是他得到很多朋友。
Paul Jones, the famous art critic, died in his sleep last night.如果句子主語是一個人稱代詞，他的同位語通常要提到主語前面。Formerly a worker himself, he was now an engineer.他過去是工人，現在當了工程師了。.share 作為名詞：股份 份額
a lion’s share 可以順便講講伊索寓言
10.make---clear講清楚，闡明，賓語太長，可把賓語補足語提到賓語的前面 She made her objections clear.她明確表示反對。科學家應該向公眾解釋動物實驗的意義
11.follow sb’s instructions / advice / directions / teachings遵從某人的吩咐/建議/指導/ 教導
follow sb’s example以某人為榜樣 follow the crowd 隨大流
follow the pattern 循規蹈矩 follow the suit 學樣
12．word n 諾言，只用單數形式keep / break one’s word守信用，不守信用
You can trust him;he’s a man of his word.他是個守信用的人。Keep one’s word = fulfill one’s word
13.sure enough: exactly as expected 不出所料，果真He promised to come and sure enough he did.14.由動詞轉化而來的介詞
considering鑒于concerning / regarding / touching / respecting關于 pending等到 including包括 notwithstanding雖然，盡管 following在---后according to根據
Notwithstanding some financial problems, the school has had a successful year.雖然有些經費問題，這個學校一年來還是很成功的。He took charge of the family business following his father’s death.他父親去世后他就接手了這個家族企業。
Considering the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.考慮到對對方的實力，我們進了兩個球就很不錯了。
Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say 'about their school experience2004.6/Band6/P2
15.dear一詞的雙關用法
雙關 —— 雙關即用一個詞活一句話表達兩層不同的意思，或插科打諢，或借題發揮，或旁敲側擊，或指桑罵槐，使語言妙趣橫生
比如：
我們課文中的dear包含哪兩層意思？1）寶貝的心愛的precious，2）costly expensive是這位女士用高昂的代價換來的。雙關是英語中非常常見，及其活躍的一種修辭。到處可見。以前最多用于什么？ 大家記不記得我在介紹march 這個詞時，用什么引入的？謎語。Why people are so tired in April? Because they have just gone through a long march.一個march是不是一語雙關。因此這種修辭手法在謎語中大量運用。
雙關在生活中比比皆是：
We must all hang together, otherwise we shall all hang together.（我們大家必須緊緊地團結在一起，否則我們大家必然會一個一個地被絞死。）這句名言出自美國政治家，作家富蘭克林之口，句中兩處用到hang這個詞，妙在一語雙關，前者意為“掛，捆，綁”，引申為“團結”；后者則表示“絞刑，上吊”，深刻而幽默地說明了不團結便滅亡的道理。
A deal with us means a good deal to you.譯文：和我們做買賣意味著您做了一筆好買賣。
該句的妙處在于很好地利用了句中deal的三種含義，“做買賣”、“一筆好買賣”和“許多”。a good deal構成一個絕妙的雙關。
All is well that ends well.21 這則廣告實際是一條英語成語，意思是“結局好，全都好”。但廣告制作者把它用于香煙廣告中，ends就具有了雙重意義：動詞“結束”和名詞“香煙蒂”。這句香煙廣告詞可以套用原來成語的翻譯模式，譯成“煙蒂好，煙就好”。
The driver is safer when the road is dry;The road is safer when the driver is dry.26 這則宣傳交通安全的廣告運用了dry一詞的兩重詞義（干燥的；沒飲酒的）構成雙關，對司機很有警示作用。翻譯時，dry一詞的兩重意義在上、下句中只能各取一意：路面干燥，司機安全；司機清醒，道路安全。
諧音雙關
More sun and air for your son and heir.2 譯文：這里有充足的陽光，清新的空氣，一切為了您的子孫后代。
在這則海濱浴場的宣傳廣告中，制作者巧妙地運用了sun-son, air-heir這兩對諧音字，使廣告語言不僅和諧悅耳，讀來朗朗上口，而且頗風趣、幽默，具有感召力。
第二十課 Pioneer pilots 1．-eer 人engineer工程師, mountaineer登山者, profiteer, volunteer志愿者, auctioneer拍賣師，2．fail vi stop operating properly;to become weak失靈，出故障
The rocket’s engine failed a few seconds after takeoff.發射后幾秒鐘，火箭的發動機便失靈了。
The president’s health is failing fast.總統的健康每況愈下。failure衰竭 She died of heart failure.他死于心臟衰竭。
3.when his engine failed 這里的when是中國學生最容易疏忽的意思：突然
比如：I am watering the flowers when it begins to rain.4.It looked / looks as if---看來可能---，看來像是---It looks as if there will be a strike.看起來會有一場罷工。
It look as if we shall have to walk from here.看來我們得從這里步行過去
5.Over a years passed before???這里的before要引起注意 不要落入俗套翻成 “在?之前” 最后把中文的口氣翻出來 “才”
類似句子 參見第2課 很經典：it struck thirteen times before it stopped
第二十一課 Daniel Mendoza
1．區分bare 和naked bare指部分裸露 naked指全身裸露：她裸露的雙肩her bare shoulders 一群光著身子的男孩在河里游泳。A group of naked boys swam in the river.2．marquis 講講英國的封勛受爵 各種勛銜
3．science n 科學
sci-知道scientist科學家 scientific科學的 conscious有知覺的，意識到的 unconscious沒有知覺的 subconscious潛意識的 conscience良心 conscientious盡職盡責的 ominiscient無所不知的pseudoscience偽科學
4．Popularity 的各種搭配（enjoy gain lose?..）
5．可以談談adore respect admire worship的差別
7．alike adv : in the same way treat the students alike 對學生一視同仁 adj 做表語，相同的，（different）參考36課課后練習
8．Eminent outstanding extinguished excellent min突出eminence卓越，高地 eminently突出的，卓越地 supereminent出類拔萃的 immenent逼近，迫近immenence（尤指不愉快的事情）逼近，迫近prominent突出的，顯著的 prominence 突出，顯著
The immenence of the exams made them work harder.考試迫在眉睫，迫使他們努力學習。
9.bitter bitterly 注意一些形容詞和其副詞的意思不一樣 ：terrible comfortable narrow等
10．Bet 和 gamble 區別
幾句口語：
I bet it snows tomorrow.├You bet = You’re right.└make a bet on sth.打賭
┌That’s right./Okay我贊成，同意
├That’s it.├That’s for sure.├I’m for you.├I’m with you.├You said it.你說到了（表同意）
└You can say that again.你說的對，你說的在理
11．In those days = at that time 聽上去更文一些
days 有一段時期的意思：in one’s young days in one’s old days
12.colourful adj 1）色彩鮮艷的
2）having an attractive personality, because they behave in an interesting, amusing, and often eccentric way.引人注目的，有趣的a colorful athlete一位引人注目的運動員
13.when Queensberry ??.這里when 翻譯為：at that time 給學生總結幾個中國學生容易疏忽的when的意思：20課有一個
14．draw up: draft起草，草擬 draw up a plan / a list of candidates擬定計劃/候選人名單
15．In one’s day 全盛時期
注意本文兩個day的用法
16．Rich and poor alike Alike 前面可以加一對反義詞 翻譯為：無論。。還是。。
18． rise to fame / stardom / the top of one’s profession成名 / 成為明星 / 成為自己行業中的佼佼者
19.可以有turn against sb 也可以有 turn sb against sb His ex-wife has turned the children against him.他的前妻唆使孩子與他作對。
20.on a later occasion on the last occasion occasion 在2 3冊都是黃金單詞
21.It is not until + 時間 + that---It was not until midnight that it stopped raining.It was not until the beginning of this century that scientists discovered a cure for this disease.Not until + 時間 + 助動詞 + 從句
Not until midnight did it stop raining.Not until the beginning of this century did scientists discover a cure for this disease.注意本文appearance的翻譯：出場
appear on the stage 登臺
挖掘單詞在不同語境的不同含義
第二十二課 By Heart
1.run 連演，連映------be on show run wild 猖獗Corruption is running wild among officals at all ranks.各級官吏中腐敗盛行。
2.lines 和part作為“臺詞”的區別： part: all the lines of a character
3．falter v 1.蹣跚，搖搖晃晃地走
2.支支吾吾地/結結巴巴地說She managed to falter out a few words of thanks.他結結巴巴地說了幾句感謝的話。
4.imprison vt關押；束縛
He was imprisoned yesterday.They were imprisoned for 2 years.由上述兩例可以看出 imprison作為動詞 動態靜態都可以用
imprisonment n監禁He was sentenced to life imprisonment.他被判處無期徒刑。
5．gaoler n [英]監獄長，看守= jailer（美）但后者常用
比較兩種語言：
British English 和American English已被英國人承認是存在的，而且英國人也在學習使用比較簡單化的American English。其實，不單是語法結構方面如此，甚至單詞的使用也有這樣的傾向。這是說，在“英式英語”和“美式英語”中，假若是用不同的詞匯表達同一個意思的，那么，使用“美式英語”的人遠較使用“英式英語”者多。根據一些英美人士所作的調查，在日常應用的詞匯中，“英式英語”和“美式英語”各有表達用語的大約有一千個，其中通用的占了大部分。但所謂“通用”，其實是指英國人采納了美國人的用詞而已。在英、美兩國本土以外的地區，使用英文的人習慣了“美式英語”而少用“英式英語”者亦占了大多數。以下舉一些例子說明上述情況的表現。
apartment，flat--指大廈中的住宅單位，前者也被譯為“（住宅）公寓”。不過，東南亞地區目前流行用“座”來表達，故使用flat的機會較多。
ash一can，dust一bin--指垃圾箱。在美式英語中，含有同等詞義的還有garbage can和junk一heap，但英式英語則只有dust一bin（或dust-bin）.香港目前多用dustbin。但廢紙簍的兩種稱呼分別是waste一basket和waste一paper basket，流行度則似乎相等。
bank一bill，bank一note?紙幣，鈔票。Bank-bill是美國人的鈔票，但是英國人卻用來指“銀行與銀行之間的匯票”，以bank一note較為流行。
long—distance call，trunk call一一—長途電話。美式英語的 Iong—distance call詞義一看便明，遠勝于英式英語的trunk call，自然被多數采用。
canned goods，tinned goods 罐頭食物。can和tin是美式英語和英式英語中的同義詞，均指保藏預制食物的罐頭，tin有時更被音譯為：“聽”。這兩個字同時亦可以作動詞使用，解作“把食物裝罐”。在使用上,canned goods比tinned goods流行。
綜觀上述列舉的小量例子，可以看出，美式英語(雖然僅列舉了單詞)在許多地區已逐漸占了上風。
6．Reveal A revealing night dress一件暴露的晚禮服 A revealing slip of tongue
7．blank bl-白，空白blanch漂白 bleak蒼白
8．squint vt to look with almost closed eyes瞇著眼睛看
The sun was so bright I had to squint.太陽光線太強，我不得不瞇起眼睛。比較多種看：gaze gape glare stare peer peep
9.proceed v（尤指停頓或打斷后）繼續進行proceed to do sth After drinking a cup of tea mother proceeded to cook the dinner.喝完一杯茶，媽媽接著做晚飯。
-ceed,-ced走succeed成功 seced脫離 intercede調停 exceed優于，勝過 exceeding極其
10．for years 較for several years 更加簡潔經濟
12．On end 1）without a break, continuously連續的，繼續的He sat there for hours on end.2.）upright 直立著，豎著 The ghost story set their hair on end.那個鬼的故事使他們毛骨悚然。（參考24課）
13．Be required to do / should
14.one would?.one 泛指 所有人 人人
15． 掌握過渡句：Yet this is not always the case.16．be cast in the role of / play the role of
17．write out 中out理解為“動作的完完全全” 這里強調這份信一字不落的寫下來
關于out用法 見15課
18．在表示建議，命令或請求的動詞后，賓語從句的謂語由（should +）動詞原形構成。常見的動詞有：insist(堅持、主張)suggest（建議）order, command, demand, recommend, request, require, ask, propose, advise, beg, direct, plead, pray, propose, urge, move, desire, determine, prefer.由這些動詞變化而來的抽象名詞后面跟同位語從句或表語從句時，同位語從句也要用虛 語氣，如advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, motion, pray, resolution, wish, preference, proposal, recommendation, requirement, idea, order.注意：當insist表示堅持認為，suggest表示依我看，恐怕 的意思時，從句
用陳述語氣。
She insisted that she was innocent.她堅持認為她是無辜的。
I suggest that you are not telling the truth.依我看你沒有說實話。I suggest that the car crash was not accidental.恐怕這起撞車事故不是偶然的。
19．Appear 不要硬譯成“出現” 而是“登臺” 參考21課
20.Present 較hand 更為必恭必敬
21.掌握幾個伴隨狀語：
anxious to see squinting his eyes finding that
22、Don’t pull my leg.別逗我(口)├play a joke on sb.(書)開玩笑
└play a trick on sb.(書)
23．With this, 說著
├With these, 說著，說著?
└At this, 聽到這些
第二十三課 One man’s meat is another man’s poison
1.理解 poisoned 和 poisonous的區別: 前者被上毒 poisoned soup 后者本身有毒 poisonous snake
2.illogical 前綴in 遇到 l 被同化成il: illegible illegal in的變化請看第5課
3．octopus 章魚，八爪魚
oct-八octangle八角形 October十月（羅馬歷為八月）octogenarian 八十多歲的人
幾個常見的數字前綴：
一uni-, mono-, uniform制服, monocycle獨輪車 二bi-, twi-bicycle自行車, twilight黃昏，黎明 三tri-tricycle triangle三角形 tripple三倍 四quadri-quadruple四倍 五penta-pentagon五角大樓 十deca-decade十年
4．Repulsive 來自動詞repulse
pulse 作為詞根意思是：strike drive 由此聯想一系列單詞： compulsory強迫的，強制的, expulsion開除, impulse沖動, impulsive沖動的
5．stomach n胃，肚子make sb’s stomach turn / turn sb’s stomach使某人厭惡/惡心
6．Luxury 注意它褒義貶義雙重含義
[U]奢侈，奢華，享受They led a life of luxury.a luxury hotel [C]奢侈品 We can’t spend money on luxuries.我們買不起奢侈品。It’s a real luxury relaxing on the beach.在海灘上休息真是一種享受。
7.Abuse 三冊重點單詞 這里帶一下 也可以到45課詳講
8.soci-交往 society社會 social社會的 sociable好交際的, socialite社會名流, socialize使社會化, socialization使社會化, dissociate分裂，使脫離, dissociable 孤僻的
9．despise spis-spic-看despicable可鄙的，卑鄙的 suspicion懷疑, suspicious懷疑的, conspicuous引人矚目的，明顯的, perspicuous易懂的，表達清楚的
10．Appeal to 可以聯想fascinate sth appeal to sb= sth fascinate sb n吸引力(for)Qiongyao’s novels have lost their appeal for me.那類電影已對我失去吸引力。
11.dozen n 十二個I’ve told you a dozen times not to do that.我屢次告誡過你不要做那件事。
dozens of很多I have been there dozens of times.我去過那里好多次了
12.One man’s meat is another man’s poison
說外國人雖然紳士很多，但他們只是一些“假模假式”的紳士。
就拿吃的來說，凡是有四條腿的東西，除了桌子和椅子等外，中國人都會拿來吃。我們認為吃動物是天經地義的事，不必隱諱的。在我們的菜單里，不但可以看到飛禽走獸的名稱，而且拿來吃的它們身體的哪一部分也寫的很清楚——手，腳，脾，翼以至心，肝，腎，腸等供美食家選擇。外國紳士卻沒我們這樣直率：他們習慣假模假式地騙自己說餐桌上放地并不是他們飼養地禽畜，否則他們會倒胃口的。所以他們對各種動物的肉都采取有別于動物本身的叫法。例如：牛肉不叫cattle meat,而叫beef;羊肉不叫sheep meat, 而叫 mutton，豬肉叫 pork等等。呵呵，老外這樣的做法只是“掩耳盜鈴”麻木自己的神經罷了。
12.consider sth sth 代替consider sth to be sth 符合用語經濟原則 避免行文拖沓
類似用法：第一課 the search proved difficult
13．at the idea / thought / mention(3/41)/ sight / sound / of 一想到
/ 提到 / 看到 / 聽到
He shudders at the idea of death.他一想到死就不寒而栗。
I was glad at the thought of getting something to eat.我一想到能弄點吃的，就感到高興。
I often feel repulsion at the sight of a toad.我一看到癩蛤蟆就惡心。Many people turn pale at the mere mention of AIDS.很多人一提到艾滋病就嚇得臉色發白。
14．Practice: thing done frequently 這里代替cooking method 文章防止用詞重復 經常用不同詞代替同一意思，這里有幾段文字，老師們看了或許也會有啟示：
凡是批改學生英語作文的老師都有一種感覺, 學生的用詞相當貧乏，詞語重復現象非常嚴重。例如在布置學生寫一篇My View on Retirement，某同學會這樣寫：
Retirement often brings people many problems such as “ What shall I do today” problem, though they may not have economical problems.People observe that apart from economical problems, retirement also brings many psychological problems.Many people often get illnesses and even deteriorate rapidly when people are retired.這一段東西盡管在語法上沒有太大的問題，但實在是令人難以誦讀。問題就是有太多 必要的重復。在總共只有46個詞的段落中，retirement就重復了兩次，problems重復了五次，economical重復了兩次，people重復了四次，many重復了三次，often重復了兩次。如此高的用詞重復率，怎能使文章生動呢？
這段英文翻譯成中文是這樣的：退休常常帶來許多問題，即使沒有經濟問題，也會碰到“今天我應該做什么事“的問題。人們注意到退休不僅會帶來經濟上的問題，而且還會帶來巨大的心理問題，許多人退休后的人經常得病，甚至身體迅速變壞。
看了中文以后，有人會問：中文里不是也出現了那么多重復嗎？到了英文里為什么就 文章黯然失色呢？可見學生作文中詞語重復傾向不僅和貧乏的詞匯量有關，另一個很重要的原因就是受漢語遣詞造句習慣的影響。
漢語是一個意合性語言。漢語中幾個相關句子的組織，不是靠連詞等語言手段，而主 靠句子內在的意思來連接的。也就是說句子的意思必須清楚明了，歧義性和模糊性要低，句子才能行文連貫流暢。這樣，在缺少“因為”，“所以”，“然而”等連詞的幫助下，依靠詞語的簡單重復來增加句子的凝聚力，便是很自然的了。而英語不一樣，它是形合性語言，它要有連詞保證句子意思的連接，這樣它就可以無所顧忌地追求詞的變化。
其次，漢語的重復傾向還和其語音文字的特點有密切關系。從美學心理的角
度出發，了讀起來順口，聽起來悅耳，文章往往追求音節整齊和均勻，這樣就出現某些詞的重復。如“臉發紅，心發慌”要比“臉發紅，心慌得很”順暢和諧。在漢語口語中我們還會說“謝謝，謝謝”，“對不起，對不起”。而英語的美學觀就有所不同。一般不大有人會說“sorry, sorry” 或“thank you, thank you”。
因此在英語寫作中“Never use the same word or write the same thing twice in a sentence unless you are repeating intentionally for emphasis or for clarity.”(J.Hodges and M.Whitten: Harbrace College handbook,p244).用詞單一會使語言枯燥無味、蒼白無力；而選詞多樣化可以加強語言的表現力，使文章的表達更豐富。比如剛剛的段落一經改動后味道就完全不同了：
Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the “What shall I do today?” question, even though there may be no economical cares.It has been observed that withdrawal from work, quite aside from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological troubles.Large numbers of people tend to get some illnesses and even deteriorate rapidly when jobless.在這段文字中，“退休”分別用了Retirement，withdrawal from work和jobless來表達；“問題”分別用了problem，question，care，pressure和trouble來表達；而“許多”，一處用了many,另一處用了enormous，還有一處用了large number of;“經濟”的意思和care搭配時用economical,和pressure搭配時用financial;“經常分別用often和tend to表達；“人們”只用了一次people，其余的三處分別用了there be 結構：there may be no economical cares,一個用了被動結構:it has been observed that，一個用了省略結構：when jobless.類似英語中用詞的多樣化例子很多，我們不妨再來欣賞幾段：
(1)Hard work isn’t the whole story either.Some of these high-achieving students actually put in fewer hours than their lower-scoring classmates.The students at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can easily learn.Here, according to education experts and students themselves, are the secrets of A students.——Edwin Kiester Secrets of Students 這一段中，講到“好學生”，作者分別用了high-achieving students，students at the top of the class，A students來表示，而沒有單單用good students這個短語。其實我們還可以用outstanding boys and girls 或者students of high abilities, superior students 等短語替代。
(2)The deafening noise, and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on nerves.Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do great injury to delicate lungs.The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight.這段文字中，講到“對??有損害”,作者用了三個不同的詞組，使讀者耳目一新：have a bad effect on，do great injury to和cause great damage。而當表達“猛地沖”這個概念，作者也注意了詞的變化，分別用plunge和rush
第三篇：新概念2第二課教案
Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch Teaching aims:
I.Make students learn to use words about time and appellation
II.Make students learn how to use the present continuous tense to describe the future things.III.Learn to make exclamation.Teaching key points: I.Learn the difference between the simple present tense and the present continuous tense.Teaching difficulties:
I.Note the position of adverbs of frequency(always, ever, never, sometimes , etc.)
II.How to use “what” to make exclamation.New words and expressions until prep.直到 outside adv.外面
ring v.（鈴、電話等）響（rang, rung）aunt n.姑，姨，嬸，舅母 repeat v.重復 ★until prep.直到 until用于表示動作、狀態等的持續，可譯為“一直到??為止”或“在??以前”。在肯定句中，它與
表示持續性狀態的動詞連用，表示持續到某一時刻： I’ll wait here until 5.我會在這里等到5 點鐘。
His father was alive until he came back.直到他回來為止,他爸爸都是活著的.在否定句中，它通常與描述短暫動作的動詞連用，表示“到??為止”、“直到??才”：
She cannot arrive until 6.她到6點才能來。
His father didn't die until he came back.直到他回來,他爸爸才死.until（后的從句）的時間終止之前,這個動作做了還是沒做？做了前面的主句用肯定；沒做前面的主句 用否定
For he ___A(C)___(wait)until it stopped raining.A.waited B.didn't wait A.leave B.left C.didn't leave I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.★outside adv.外面（作狀語）He is waiting for me outside.It is cold outside.★ring(rang.rung)v.(鈴、電話等)響
① vt.鳴，(鈴、電話等)響(這種響是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)Every morning the clock rings at 6.The telephone(door bell)is ringing.而風鈴等響要用jingle，jingle(bell)(鈴兒)響叮當 ② vt.打電話給（美語中用call）ring sb.給某人打電話 Tomorrow I'll ring you.③ n.（打）電話 give sb.a ring Remember to give me a ring./Remember to ring me.④ n.戒指
★aunt n.姑,姨,嬸,舅媽(所有長一輩的女性都用這個稱呼)男性則是uncle: 叔叔
他們的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女 ★repeat v.重復 ① vt.重復
Will you repeat the last word? They are repeating that wonderful paly.② vi.重做，重說 Please repeat after me.Don’t repeat.【課文講解】
1、It was Sunday.it 指時間、天氣、溫度或距離，it被稱為“虛主語”（empty subject）。作為第三人稱單數的中性代詞，it可以指一件東西、一件事件或用來指是什么人： It is a lovely baby.2、I never get up early on Sundays.on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,與一般現在時連用，表示經常性的行為。介詞on一般用于表示某一天的時間短語中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day 當使用last，next，this，that 時，介詞（以及定冠詞）必須省略： I’ll see you next/this Friday.never 從來不(可以直接用在動詞前面)=助動詞+not(變成否定句,前面一定要加助動詞)I don't like her.=I never like her.3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.在表達臥床時bed前不需加冠詞： It’s time for bed now.You must stay/remain in bed for another two days.你必須再臥床兩天。
4、Just then, the telephone rang.It was my aunt Lucy.just then: 就在那時
如果不知道對方性別, 他/她可以用it 取代 Who are you?/Who is it ?
5、I've just arrived by train, by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修飾詞, 復數)；如果加修飾詞, 就要換掉by用in或on I go out by bus.I go out in/on two buses.（指具體的兩輛車介詞用in/on）Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.如果是特指的交通工具，則要加冠詞或其他限定詞： My aunt left by the 9:15 train.by air 乘飛機by bicycle/bike 騎自行車 by boat 乘船by bus 乘公共汽車 by car 乘小汽車by land 由陸路 by plane 乘飛機by sea 由海路 by ship 乘船by train 乘火車
6、I'm coming to see you.我將要來看你.用 come 的現在進行時態be coming 表示一般將來，表示近期按計劃或安排要進行的動作。同樣用法 的動詞有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join?
7、Dear me!天哪!英國人說Dear me!或My dear!美國人說: My god!注意美英的發音不同.【Key structures】
現在進行時和一般現在時
現在進行時表示說話的當時正在發生或正在發生的事件,也用來表示現階段(一段時間)的動向。現在進
行時常與now，just，still 等副詞連用： I am working as a teacher.“現階段” He is still sleeping.（現在還在睡覺）Jane is just dressing up.簡正在打扮。
一般現在時表示習慣性動作, 真理, 是過去、現在和未來都會發生的事情。一般現在時一般與頻率副
詞 often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever 等連用。Helen never writes to her brother Tony.She sometimes rings him.頻率副詞往往放在句子中的實義動詞前, 非實義動詞后；如果既有實義動詞又有非實義動詞, 要放在兩 個之間；疑問句中副詞往往放在主語后面。在否定句中not 必須放在always 之前，而且也出現在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not 必須出現在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速記
可以用在句尾；在特別強調和需要對比時，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副詞可 用于句首。
I get paid on Friday usually.Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath.非實義動詞: ① 系動詞(be)② 幫助動詞構成時態的助動詞(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)③ 情態動詞(must, can, may)除此之外都是實義動詞.I frequently go to bed hungry.（形容詞作狀語）He went to school hungry.餓著肚子上學.You must come here hungry.空腹來這里.【Special Difficulties】 以what開頭的感嘆句：
在英語中可用what 引導的感嘆句來表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等感情，在感嘆中主謂語采用正常語 序。
What 對名詞感嘆，感嘆句的結構為：What +a/an(+adj.)+n.(+主語+謂語)!What a good girl(she is)!（主、謂可省）
有上下文和一定的語境, 才能省略形容詞。一般省略形容詞表示批評或不大好的意思。
What a thing to say!多么難聽的話啊！What(a lot of)trouble(he is causing)!【Multiple choice questions】
5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays.He gets up ___a___.a.late b.lately c.slowly d.hardly late
lately
watch
一天中最豐盛的那頓飯, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但決不會是早餐.meal 一頓飯
第四篇：新概念3第五課講義
Lesson5The facts
(1)Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics.go to extremes 走極端
The bossprovide sb with sth 向某人提供某物
Govementthese refugees food and tents.unimportantadj.不重要的。否定前綴還有un-, dis-, im-, in-, ir-, ab-un-unhappy, unable, unfriendly, uncormfortable
dis-dishonest, dislike, disagreement
im-impolite, impossible, impatient
in-ncorrect, inactive
ir-irregular, irrevocable
(2)Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president’s palace in a new African republic.1)had been instructed---過去完成時的被動語態。一般而言，過去完成時都會出現一個過去的動作，該動作發生在過去完成時之前。
He said he had visited there many times.2)well-known 有名的，近義詞有famous, noted, notable, prestigious.well-known的構成是一個adj+v-ed, 即形容詞+過去分詞，又構成一個復合形容詞，如： well-educatedadj.受過良好教育的well-behavedadj.很乖的；行為端正的；彬彬有禮的well-dressedadj.穿著漂亮的，考究的還有n+v-ed，即名詞+過去分詞，也可以構成一個符合形容詞，如：
man-madeadj.人工制造的state-ownedadj.國有的heart-brokenadj.傷心的，心碎的3)write an article on--, on 表示關于，相當于about
(3)When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it.1)Refusev.拒絕。refuse的近義詞有reject, decline
refuse語氣較重，指態度堅決，肯定無疑的拒絕
reject多指由于某物某事某行為不能讓人滿意而被當面直截了當地拒絕。
decline指婉言謝絕他人的幫助或邀請等
(4)The article began: “Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president’s palace.”
1)hundres of 數以百計的，可以衍生 thousands of, millions of，數以前計的，數以百萬計的。
2)lead to 通向，導致
The road lowers.Smoking often3)surroundv.包圍，圍繞。N/adj.surrounding.周圍，外圍的環境/周圍的，附近的The moon isby stars.The embassy was attacked and the buildings were damaged as well.(5)The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.1)a fax instructing him to---, instructing在這里做狀語。
He sent me a short message 2)find out 找出，查明，必須費一番努力。
(6)The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.1)set out 動身，出發
We lived there for the night and set out to do sth 開始著手做某事
The government hasto make many needed reforms.set about doing sth 開始做某事
After the earthquake, the people 2)take表示花費時間時，有以下幾種用法：
a.主語為人，如: Tom took about three hours to finishing a day’s work.b.主語為行為，如：Painting the room took me all week.c.主語為先行詞，如：It took her three weeks to get the visa.(7)He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired.1)another 再，又 Do you wantice cream?
2)Informing that 在這里作狀語
3)firev.開除，解雇。近義詞有dismiss
(8)When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the articale as it had originally been written.1)fail兩對詞語辨析fail to do sth 和 fail in doing sth
? fail to do sth沒有做或沒有做成某事。He promised to write me a letter, but heso.? fail in doing sth 做某事失敗了。Jim
2)reluctantlyadv.不情愿地，類似unwillingly
reluctantadj.She wasto admit she was wrong
3)as it had originally been writtenas引導的是一個方式狀語從句, 表示按照原先寫地樣式。
He operated the machine Jim Smith treated his component
(9)Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.1)not only 位于句首，必須采用倒裝形式。否定副詞位于句首，要倒裝。常用的否定副詞：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no soonerhave I read such stories.我從來沒有讀過這樣的小說。can he find the book he wants.無論在哪兒他都找不到他想要的那本書。did I think it possible.我并不認為這是可能的。
2)含有only 的狀語位于句首，句子要倒裝.ea mistake.只有到那個時候，他才認識到自己犯了個錯誤。eal more informationhas been obtained will it be possible to plana trip.只有獲得比較多的信息之后，才有可能計劃去旅行。
3)還有not 的副詞短語位于句首，要倒裝。
not for a moment, not in the least , not for an instant, not untilis he interested in Englshliterature.他對英國文學一點都不感興趣。4)含有no 的短語位于句首，句子要倒裝。
at no time, in no way, in no sence, by no means, in no case, on no account, on no condition , under no circumstances.‘絕不’can we accpet the check.無論如何我們不能接受這筆錢。eave the baby in the house.你無論如何也不能把嬰兒留在房間里。
5)so, such 位于句首，句子也要倒裝。oes he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep.(10)However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the fifteen-footh wall which surrounded the president’s palace.1)allow sb to do sth/sb be allowed to do sth
2)in which 定語從句先行詞前加介詞
? The girl ____ you talked at the meeting is a college students.A.to whom B.for which C.for whom D.on whom
? The film ____ I fell asleep was very boring.A.in which B.for which C.on that D.during which
? The places ____ you took me last time was very beautiful.A.that.B.to which C.which.D.to that
? In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person____ she could turn for help.A.that B.whom C.from whom D.to whom
? The English play ____ many students acted at the New Year’s party was a
great success.A.for which B.at which C.in which D.on which
? The naughty boy made a hole in the wall, ____ he could see what was
happening inside the house.A.in which B.through which C.on that D.by which
? The prize ____ he worked so hard was a new bike.A.thatB.at which C.on which D.for which
? This is the train ____ he went to Shanghai.A.by which B.by that C.whose D.where
? There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, ____ five are mine.A.on which B.in which C.of which D.from which
? He has got a gold pen ____ he spent 100 dollars.A.on which B.for which C.on that D.that
? The school themselves admit that not all the children will be successful in
the jobs ____ they are being trained.A.in that B.for that C.in which D.for which
? The magazine ____ Betty paid one dollar was very good.A.that B.which C.for which D.to which
3)informv.通知 inform sb of sth/inform that
Please dress.I'm happy to you have been promoted to captain.4)while 當---時候，一般從句動詞和主句動詞動作幾乎同時發生，且while后一般跟進行時。Don’t look at the cellphone walking.
第五篇：新概念3講義5
Lesson 5, the facts 確切數字
Editor 編輯 proofreader 校對人
Editor in chief 總編輯，senior editor 高級編輯
The secretary general of the UN 聯合國秘書長
中共中央總書記 the general sectary of the central committee of the CPC
Collate（examine and compare(two books, manuscripts, etc)in order to find the differences between them）校對，核對(書，底稿)collate a new edition with an earlier one 將新版本與舊版本進行核對
Extreme 極端（feeling, condition, etc as far apart or as different from another as possible）極端不同的感情，狀況等 the extreme of misery and bliss 悲慘與極樂天壤之別的境遇go to the opposite extreme 走向另外一個極端
(經常貶義 of people or opinions)far from moderate)（人和意見）偏激的，極端的 hold extreme views,the extreme left 極左
Radical(drastic)激烈的，激進的a radical politician, thinker, writer 思想激進的政治家，思想家，作家 be radical in demands 要求非常偏激
Radical = extremist 激進分子
Bigoted [b?g?t?d] ~~stubborn偏執的，頑固的，心胸狹窄的 a bigoted person偏執的人 hold outrageously bigoted viewpoint持有異常偏執的觀點
Statistics 統計數字
Census 人口普查，人口統計
data 數據(可數，不可數)>figure(s)數據（可數）
公安部2006年發表的數據顯示超過800人貪污金額約700億人民幣逃離了國門，這些人中仍然有500多人逍遙法外。但是專家稱實際數字要大得多（embezzle 貪污embezzle the disaster-relief fund貪污救災款項 poverty-relief fund 扶貧款項）
Ministry of Public Security figures released in 2006 show more than 800 people accused of embezzling about 70 billion yuan($10.26 billion)had fled abroad, and 500 of them were still at large.But experts say the actual number is much higher.(release 發布，釋放+ the prisoners, the news, the pressure;relieve 緩減，減輕 + the pain/pressure-? the school burden relief effort減負工程)
Impatient 不耐煩的，沒耐心的Fretful(irritable or complaining, esp because unhappy or worried)煩躁的，發牢騷的（尤指因為不愉快或煩惱）a fretful child 煩躁的孩子
Indignant（angry or scornful, esp at injustice or because of undeserved blame）憤慨的，憤怒的（對不公正的，或冤屈的）she was most indignant with me when I suggested she might try a little harder 我建議她不妨再努力些，她竟大為惱火He was terribly indignant at what he saw as false accusations。他認為那些指責皆不屬實，非常氣憤
A large number of First Class passengers have gathered near the staircase.They are getting indignant about the confusion
很多頭等艙的乘客聚集在樓梯邊，他們對這慌亂的場面憤憤不平
Original 1，（existing from the beginning, first or earliest）原始的，最初的；最早的 the original inhabitants of
this land 這塊土地上最早的居民 the original plan 原來的那個計劃 2，（褒義 newly created or formed, fresh）新創的，新穎的，an original idea 創見 highly original designs 獨樹一幟的設計
Aboriginal 土著的(尤指殖民者到來之前的)aboriginal inhabitants // plants土著居民，土生植物
Novel（褒義）(new and strange, of a kind not known before)新奇的，新穎的，a novel idea, fashion, design新的觀念，風尚，設計
Follow suit 照樣學follow the trend 跟風（跟隨潮流）follow the herd 跟風（壞的，盲目的）Don’t follow the herd , but follow your heart 不要盲目跟隨，要問問你的心。
The text
Action speaks louder than words空說不如行動
Facts speak louder than words 事實勝于雄辯
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics 報刊雜志的編輯常常為了向讀者提供一些無關緊要的事實和統計數字而走極端
1，unimportant facts= //irrelevant//insignificant facts無關緊要的信息
2，一些小報為了吸引讀者經常會走極端。他們會使用駭人聽聞的標題或者編造荒唐的消息
Some tabloids often go to extremes to attract readers by using sensational headings or fabricating ridiculous news
Last year, a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article 去年一位記者受到一家有名雜志的委托寫一篇文章
be instructed to do 受到指示做某事
commission sb to do sth 委托做某事（要付錢的）commission an agency to sell the house 委托中介賣掉房子 commission a statue of his wife 請人雕了妻子的像
Entrust A to B/ B with A(trust sb to take charge of sth/sb)委托某人負責某事物，照看某人 entrust an assistant with a task// a secret plan 將一項工作/秘密計劃交給助手entrust the children to my care 托我照看孩子 be entrusted with the responsibility of doing sth 負有/委托有某種責任的人
Begin with 以---開頭
我們一開始定15年，合作期滿了之后，我們再延長
We may begin with 15 years and after the contract expires, we may extend it/renew it.我要向大家講話，請允許我首先向諸位表達節日的問候和衷心的感謝
Begin my speech with festive greetings and heart-felt thanks.The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.編輯立刻給那位記者發區傳真，要去他核實一下臺階的確切數字和圍墻的高度
1, send sb a fax instructing him to do sth 發給某人一個傳真要他做某事
他又再次發了一份傳真通知那位記者He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that---
收到一封信，上面寫著 receive a letter saying----
2, the height of the wall 墻的高度 have the proper height and ability for basketball 有打籃球的身高和本事
1）depth
發現廣袤海洋深處不為人知的神奇
Discover the hidden wonders in the depth（s）of the vast ocean
也許只有悲劇方能觸動人類心靈深處的那根弦
Maybe only tragedies can touch the heart-strings of us humans in depth
大海深度從700米到10000米不等
The deep sea varies in depth from 700 m to more than 10000 m.2）measure 的妙用
石獅子重5噸，高三米
The stone lion measures 5 tons in weight and 3 meters in height.東方明珠塔最大的球體直徑達30米
The biggest sphere of the Oriental Pearl Tower measures 30 meters in diameter.美國大陸從大西洋沿岸到太平洋海岸的距離為4500公里，從加拿大到墨西哥的距離為2575公里。
The continental United States measures/extends/stretches 4500 kilometers from its Atlantic to Pacific coasts, 2575 kilometers from Canada to Mexico
Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.在此期間，編輯等得不耐煩了，因為雜志馬上了
1，meanwhile = in the meantime 在此期間，用進行時態表明逐漸的過程
國會里，要求總統簽署京都議定書的壓力正在逐漸增加，因為全球目光都集中在美國這個二氧化碳排放最大的國家身上
In the congress, pressure was building for the president to sign the Kyoto Protocol, for the whole world was
looking at America, the biggest carbon-dioxide producer.（導致二氧化碳排放量的增加human activities have resulted in rising levels of carbon dioxide emission）
2, go to press 付印，交付印刷
Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.這個可憐人不僅被逮捕了，而且還坐牢了。
1，Not only 引導的倒裝
我不僅錯失了愛情，也毀了事業。（gold-digger掘金者）
Not only did I let slip my love, but also I ruined my career.(let sth slip讓什么滑走，溜走 let slip an opportunity 讓機會溜走 seize the opportunity
Feel the wind slipping between the fingers感覺風從指縫間穿過)
不僅這些貪污腐敗官員依然逍遙法外，而且已經開始在異國他鄉享受不義之財，過著滋潤的生活了。(Bribe-taking officials 收受賄賂的官員)
Not only are those corrupt officials still at large，but also they are already beginning to live richly off their ill-gotten gains in a foreign land(live richly off the inherited fortune依靠繼承的財產過著滋潤的生活)2，be sent to prison 被關進監獄be jailed 被關進牢房
sentence sb to---years in prison 判某人多少年牢獄之刑
find sb guilty 判某人有罪 be convicted on three counts 被判三項罪
hold sb accountable = bring sb to justice 將某人繩之以法
那些致污者和致黃者要負有法律責任，并且對自己的行為感到羞愧
Those polluters and pornographers should be held accountable for and be made to feel ashamed of what they do justice has prevailed 正義得到伸張 Justice has long arms 天網恢恢，疏而不漏。
be arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which surrounded the president’s palace.在數通向15英尺高的總統府圍墻的1084級臺階時，被抓了起來
1，do A while doing B 在做某事（B）的時候做了某事（A）
Find an ancient temple while exploring in the dark jungles 在密林中探索的時候發現了一個古廟
2，the 1084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall 通向15英尺高的圍墻的1084級臺階
The road（leading）to development發展之路 a secret path（leading）to the top of the mountain 通向山頂的一條秘密小徑
Keep sb to the narrow and straight path 讓某人循規蹈矩
Get sb back onto the right track 讓某人浪子回頭
我們現在正邁步在一條康莊大道上，這條道路不同于你們走過的，但是目標卻一樣
We are now marching forward on a road to great prosperity, a road totally different from yours but leading to the same goal.A well-to-do society小康社會a society of moderate wealth
A society of great prosperity大康社會 a society of great affluence
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