第一篇：2010溫政府工作報(bào)告翻譯

溫總理2010年政府工作報(bào)告雙語解讀

2010-03-13 來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò) 【大 中 小】 我要投稿

劃詞已開啟

溫總理政府工作報(bào)告雙語解讀

Highlights of Wen's government work report

2010年3月5日9時，十一屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議在人民大會堂舉行開幕會，國務(wù)院總理溫家寶在會上做了政府工作報(bào)告。

Following are the highlights of Wen's Report on the Work of the Government.以下是溫家寶總理政府工作報(bào)告中的亮點(diǎn)解讀。

Key words: Income distribution, 'Hukou' reform, Employment, Low-carbon, Housing prices

關(guān)鍵詞：收入分配、戶口改革、就業(yè)、“低碳”、房價 WORK REVIEW IN 2009 2009年政府工作報(bào)告 2010年主要目標(biāo)

--China's gross domestic product(GDP)reached 33.5 trillion yuan, up 8.7 percent from a year earlier.--2009年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)33.5萬億元，比上年增長8.7%。

--Fiscal revenue was 6.85 trillion yuan, up 11.7 percent year on year.財(cái)政收入達(dá)6.85萬億元，同比增長11.7%。

--Grain production was 531 million tonnes, a new record and increasing for the sixth consecutive year.--糧食產(chǎn)量達(dá)5.31億噸，再創(chuàng)歷史新高，實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)六年增產(chǎn)。

--A total of 11.02 million job opportunities were created for urban residents.--城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1102萬人。

--The per capita disposable income of urban residents was 17,175 yuan, up 9.8 percent in real terms, while the net per capita income of rural residents was 5,153 yuan, rising 8.5 percent in real terms.--城鎮(zhèn)居民人均可支配收入17175元，實(shí)際增長9.8%；農(nóng)村居民人均純收入5153元，實(shí)際增長8.5%。

--The central government's public investment was 924.3 billion yuan, 503.8 billion yuan more than in the previous year's budget.--中央政府公共投資9243億元，比上年預(yù)算增加5038億元。

--The government invested 654.5 billion yuan to support the post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction work.--政府投資6545億元用于推進(jìn)汶川地震災(zāi)后恢復(fù)重建。

--The central government used 725.3 billion yuan to support agriculture, rural areas and farmers, an increase of 21.8 percent.--中央財(cái)政用于“三農(nóng)”的支出達(dá)7253億元，增長21.8%。--A total of 20 billion yuan was provided to support 4,441 technological upgrading projects.--安排200億元技改專項(xiàng)資金支持4441個技改項(xiàng)目。

--Last year imports and exports totaled $2.2 trillion.--全年進(jìn)出口總額達(dá)2.2萬億美元。

--Actual utilized foreign direct investment amounted to $90 billion for the entire year.--全年實(shí)際利用外商直接投資900億美元。

--The central government spent 127.7 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 49.5 percent.--中央財(cái)政醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生支出1277億元，比上年增長49.5%。MAJOR TARGETS for 2010 2010年主要目標(biāo)

--GDP will grow by about 8 percent.--國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長8％左右。

--Urban employment will increase by more than 9 million people.--城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)900萬人以上。

--Urban registered unemployment rate will be kept no higher than 4.6 percent.--城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率控制在4.6%以內(nèi)。

--Rise in the CPI will be held around 3 percent.--居民消費(fèi)價格漲幅控制在3%左右。--Balance of payments will be improved.--改善國際收支狀況。

--Sound development, and transforming the pattern of economic development will be emphasized.--保持經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)較快發(fā)展，調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)。

China will strictly control new projects this year--中國今年將嚴(yán)格控制新開工項(xiàng)目。DEFICIT 財(cái)政赤字

--A deficit of 1.05 trillion yuan has been projected, which consists of 850 billion yuan in central government deficit and 200 billion yuan in local government bonds, which will be included in local government budgets.--今年擬安排財(cái)政赤字1.05萬億元，其中中央財(cái)政赤字8500億元，繼續(xù)代發(fā)地方債2000億元并納入地方財(cái)政預(yù)算。

LOANS 貸款

--The total quantity of renminbi loans will be increased by approximately 7.5 trillion yuan.--新增人民幣貸款7.5萬億元左右。EMPLOYMENT 就業(yè)

--The central government will allocate 43.3 billion yuan to stimulate employment;--中央財(cái)政擬投入433億元用于促進(jìn)就業(yè)。

--Emphasis will be given to helping college graduates, rural migrant workers, people experiencing employment difficulty, and demobilized military personnel find jobs.--重點(diǎn)做好高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工、就業(yè)困難人員就業(yè)和退伍轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)軍人就業(yè)安置工作。

PROPERTY MARKET 房地產(chǎn)市場

--The government will resolutely curb the precipitous rise of housing prices in some cities and satisfy people's basic need for housing;--政府將堅(jiān)決遏制部分城市房價過快上漲勢頭，滿足人民群眾的基本住房需求。--The government will make greater efforts to deal with violations of laws and regulations such as keeping land unused, property hoarding, and price rigging.--加大對圈地不建、捂盤惜售、哄抬房價等違法違規(guī)行為的查處力度。

INCOME DISTRIBUTION 收入分配

--The central government will not only make the “pie” of social wealth bigger by developing the economy, but also distribute it well on the basis of a rational income distribution system.--中央政府不僅要通過發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，把社會財(cái)富這個“蛋糕”做大，也要通過合理的收入分配制度把“蛋糕”分好。

AGRICULTURE 農(nóng)業(yè)

--The central government will allocate 133.5 billion yuan for direct subsidies for farmers, a year-on-year increase of 6.04 billion yuan.中央財(cái)政擬安排補(bǔ)貼資金1335億元，比上年增加60.4億元。EDUCATION 教育

--Education reform will be advanced in the system for operating schools, curricula, teaching methods, and evaluation systems.--推進(jìn)教育改革。對辦學(xué)體制、教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教育方法、評價制度等進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)改革。SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY 科技

--China will make farsighted arrangements for basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies in the fields of biology, nanoscience, quantum control, information networks, climate change, aerospace and oceanography.--前瞻部署生物、納米、量子調(diào)控、信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)、氣候變化、空天海洋等領(lǐng)域基礎(chǔ)研究和前沿技術(shù)研究。

SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM--社會保障體系

--China will steadily move forward with the pilot program for a new old-age insurance system for rural residents by expanding it to 23 percent of the country's counties.--扎實(shí)推進(jìn)新型農(nóng)村社會養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)試點(diǎn)，試點(diǎn)范圍擴(kuò)大到23%的縣。--China to relax “hukou” restrictions in small cities, towns.我國將放寬中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)戶籍限制。

--China will reform its household registration system and relax restrictions on permanent residence registration, or “hukou”, in towns, small and medium-sized cities.推進(jìn)戶籍制度改革，放寬中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)落戶條件。HEALTHCARE 醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生

--China will raise government subsidies on basic medical insurance for non-working urban residents and on the new type of rural cooperative medical care system to 120 yuan per person per year, up 50 percent over last year, and appropriately increase rates for individual contributions.--今年要把城鎮(zhèn)居民基本醫(yī)保和新農(nóng)合的財(cái)政補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高到120元，比上年增長50%，并適當(dāng)提高個人繳費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。FIGHTING CLIMATE CHANGE 應(yīng)對氣候變化

--China will work hard to develop low-carbon technologies.--中國將大力開發(fā)低碳技術(shù)。

--China will endeavor to build an industrial system and consumption pattern with low carbon emissions.--要努力建設(shè)以低碳排放為特征的產(chǎn)業(yè)體系和消費(fèi)模式。

--China will participate in international cooperation to address climate change and work for further progress in the global fight against climate change;--積極參與應(yīng)對氣候變化國際合作，推動全球應(yīng)對氣候變化取得新進(jìn)展。--The energy-saving capacity will be increased by an equivalent of 80 million tonnes of standard coal.--今年要新增8000萬噸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤的節(jié)能能力。NATIONAL DEFENSE 國防建設(shè)

--China will concentrate on making the army better able to win informationized local wars, and will enhance its ability to respond to multiple security threats and accomplish a diverse array of military tasks.--中國將以增強(qiáng)打贏信息化條件下局部戰(zhàn)爭能力為核心，提高應(yīng)對多種安全威脅、完成多樣化軍事任務(wù)的能力。TIBET, XINJIANG 西藏、新疆

--The central government will formulate and implement policies for economic and social development in Xinjiang, Tibet, and Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces.--重點(diǎn)抓好新疆、西藏和四?。ㄋ拇?、云南、甘肅、青海）藏區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展政策的制定和實(shí)施工作。HONG KONG, MACAO 香港、澳門

--The central government will support Hong Kong in consolidating and elevating its position as an international financial, trade, and shipping center;developing industries with local advantages;and fostering new areas of economic growth.--中央政府將支持香港鞏固并提升其作為國際金融、貿(mào)易和航運(yùn)中心的地位，發(fā)展優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)，培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn)。

--The central government will support Macao in developing its tourism and leisure industry and appropriately diversifying its economy.--支持澳門發(fā)展旅游休閑產(chǎn)業(yè)，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)適度多元化。TAIWAN 臺灣

--The mainland will continue to adhere to the principle of developing cross-Straits relations and promoting peaceful reunification of the motherland, firmly embrace the theme of peaceful development of cross-Strait relations and constantly create new conditions for it.--在新的一年里，我們要繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持發(fā)展兩岸關(guān)系、促進(jìn)祖國和平統(tǒng)一的大政方針，牢牢把握兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展的主題，不斷開創(chuàng)兩岸關(guān)系和平發(fā)展新局面。--The mainland will encourage qualified enterprises to invest in Taiwan.--鼓勵有條件的大陸企業(yè)赴臺投資。

--The mainland will promote a win-win situation, set up an economic cooperation mechanism that reflects the characteristics of both sides by negotiating and signing an economic cooperation framework agreement(ECFA).--通過商簽兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)合作框架協(xié)議，促進(jìn)互利共贏，建立具有兩岸特色的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作機(jī)制。

第二篇：政府工作報(bào)告翻譯

從《政府工作報(bào)告》的翻譯談起

[ 2007-10-19 17:08 ]

[摘要]《政府工作報(bào)告》的翻譯更易出現(xiàn)“中式英語”傾向。其原因有三：一是帶有中國特色的新詞語新提法難以從英文詞典中找到現(xiàn)成的對應(yīng)詞；二是對忠實(shí)原文的要求更嚴(yán)，為了政治上保險(xiǎn)容易套用中文結(jié)構(gòu)亦步亦趨，導(dǎo)致譯文機(jī)械呆板；三是行文中并列謂語或并列短句居多，句型單一，用詞抽象重復(fù)，譯文更易結(jié)構(gòu)松散，枯燥晦澀。為減少中式英語，可在透徹理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上，注意使用兩種技巧：⑴替代，主要手段有用代詞代替、縮短修飾語、使用概括性名詞和變換用詞等；⑵主從結(jié)構(gòu)，包括從句、分詞短語、介詞短語等。

曾在中央編譯局工作過多年的美國專家瓊·平克姆在她編寫的《中式英語之鑒》(The Translator’s Guide to Chinglish)一書中，將中式英語稱為 English with Chinese characteristics（中文特色的英文），這與socialism with Chinese characteristics（中國特色社會主義）可稱為孿生詞語，也說明了中國人使用英語介紹中國特色社會主義，更容易產(chǎn)生中文特色的英語，即“中式英語”。

一． 出現(xiàn)中式英語傾向的原因

由于中國與英語國家的歷史背景、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、社會文化形態(tài)的不同，以及中國人與英語國家人們思維方式和語言習(xí)慣的差異，漢譯英易產(chǎn)生“中式英語”，就像英譯漢易出現(xiàn)“洋腔洋調(diào)”一樣。無論是文學(xué)翻譯還是應(yīng)用翻譯都有“中式英語”的傾向，像《政府工作報(bào)告》這樣的政治性文件的漢英翻譯尤其易感“中式英語癥”。其原因有三：

1．用詞的中國特色

一年一度的《政府工作報(bào)告》是中國政府向其人民代表所做的工作總結(jié)和工作部署?？偨Y(jié)的是建設(shè)具有中國特色社會主義事業(yè)的新成就，部署的是針對中國國情的大政方針、基本國策，不少新詞匯、新詞組、新提法都是中國特有的，難以從英文詞典中找到現(xiàn)成的對應(yīng)詞。無論是直譯還是解釋性翻譯都難免中文味道?！叭齻€代表”譯為Three Represents，用動詞represent體現(xiàn)原文“代表”的動態(tài)詞性，用數(shù)量次、復(fù)數(shù)和大寫來滿足 “三個代表”簡稱的名詞需要，譯文與原文在形式上也很對稱。但Three Represents聽起來又點(diǎn)怪，仍有中式英語味道，因?yàn)橛脭?shù)次修飾動詞是違反英文語法的。“三條保障線”（國有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活保障、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)和城市居民最低生活保障）是典型的帶中國特色的詞組，英文里找不到相應(yīng)的詞。今年《政府工作報(bào)告》譯為three-stage guarantees，后又根據(jù)上下文做解釋性翻譯（ensuring payment of the living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, unemployment

insurance and subsistence allowances for the urban poor）。但這種譯文不一定理想。guarantee有名詞詞性，字尾加s表示復(fù)數(shù)，符合英語語法。但stage是指同一事物不同的發(fā)展階段，譬如現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)“三步走”戰(zhàn)略譯為three-stage strategy for

modernization drive，不能把幾件事用stage相提并論，所以該譯文是不準(zhǔn)確的。英語專家王弄笙在其《近年來漢英翻譯中出現(xiàn)的一些新問題》中提議將“三條保障線”譯作the system of three social security programs，既強(qiáng)調(diào)了數(shù)量的概念，the system又使三者渾然一體，還體現(xiàn)了社會保障的范疇，可謂言簡意賅。與數(shù)字結(jié)合的詞組，諸如“五講、四美、三熱愛”等等，都是中國專有的，在英文里找不到相應(yīng)的詞組。即使深刻理

解了原文，用通順易懂的英文譯出來，也未必理想。這樣的提法在每年的政府報(bào)告中都有，在別的政治文件中也不斷涌現(xiàn)。

2．對忠實(shí)原文有更高的要求

翻譯要忠實(shí)于原文，“信、達(dá)、雅”的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“信”字當(dāng)頭。政治文件的翻譯對忠實(shí)原文的要求就更為嚴(yán)格，因?yàn)檎挝募婕包h和國家大政方針、基本國策，一旦出現(xiàn)紕漏，后果嚴(yán)重。政治文件政策性強(qiáng)，翻譯不能隨意增字，也不能隨意減字，更不能換種說法繞過去。為了政治上保險(xiǎn)，過于拘泥于原文字句，亦步亦趨，扣得太死，易產(chǎn)生不符合英文詞法句法的中式英語。

3．行文結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞的特點(diǎn)

政府報(bào)告句子偏長，句型結(jié)構(gòu)單一，多用并列短句或并列謂語，“一逗到底”，連接成分使用不多，層次不太明顯。而英語要求句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，邏輯關(guān)系嚴(yán)密，層次分明，主謂關(guān)系密切。譯者必須透徹理解原文，挖掘句子與句子之間邏輯關(guān)系。否則，譯文容易偏離英語“形合”的要求，產(chǎn)生過多單個的句子，結(jié)構(gòu)松散。另外，用詞重復(fù)單調(diào)，在一句話或相連的幾句話里重復(fù)使用相同的詞是常見的事。有些看起來容易譯起來難的詞和詞組出現(xiàn)頻度很高，例如：“加強(qiáng)”、“建設(shè)”或“搞好”等，容易產(chǎn)生重復(fù)累贅、晦澀難懂的中式英語。

二．克服中式英語的倆種技巧

如何才能克服中式英語呢？從基礎(chǔ)上講，首先要結(jié)合業(yè)務(wù)加強(qiáng)政治學(xué)習(xí)，吃透報(bào)告精神，不要停留在字面意思，避免因缺乏政治知識造成歧義。其次，要加強(qiáng)業(yè)務(wù)學(xué)習(xí)，熟悉英文詞法句法特點(diǎn)，避免將中文搭配強(qiáng)加在英文上。筆者通過參與歷年《政府工作報(bào)告》和其它全國人大會議文件的翻譯，認(rèn)真研讀推敲文件英譯本，留心搜集了一些如何在實(shí)踐中解決中式英語問題的技巧與范例。歸納起來可分為兩種技巧：替代重復(fù)指稱和使用主從結(jié)構(gòu)。下面以十屆人大一次會議朱镕基總理的《政府工作報(bào)告》的英譯本為例。

1．替代重復(fù)指稱

英語不喜歡重復(fù)，漢譯英時要想方設(shè)法避免重復(fù)，主要手段有用代詞代替、縮短或去掉修飾成分、使用概括性名詞和變換用詞等。

⑴用代詞代替

例1．實(shí)現(xiàn)了千百年來圍湖造田、與湖爭地到大規(guī)模退田還湖的歷史性轉(zhuǎn)變。

This represented a great shift from the centuries-long history of reclaiming farmland from lakes to restoring it to them on a large scale.這個例子，原文“湖”出現(xiàn)三次，“田”出現(xiàn)兩次，而譯文中l(wèi)akes和farmland只出現(xiàn)一次，再次出現(xiàn)使用了代詞it和 them來代替。既避免了重復(fù)，又增加了連貫性。原文中“圍湖造田”“與湖爭地”屬同意反復(fù)，省去一個即可。英語中的代詞可分為七、八種，可見代詞在英語中比在漢語中用得多。使用代詞代替名詞是漢譯應(yīng)時避免重復(fù)、簡化譯文的一個常用的手法。

⑵縮短修飾成分

例2．進(jìn)行了新中國成立以來規(guī)模最大的水利建設(shè)。五年全國水利建設(shè)投資3562億元，扣除價格變動因素，相當(dāng)于1950年到1997年全國水利建設(shè)投資的總和。

We built water conservancy projects on a scale larger than any other time since the founding of New China.The investment in these projects nationwide totaled 356.2 billion yuan for the five years, which was equal to the total investment in this field from 1950 through 1997 after adjusting for price changes.原文“水利建設(shè)”出現(xiàn)三次，譯文中water conservancy projects 僅出現(xiàn)一次，第二次用指示代詞these將定語縮短，第三次用概括性名詞field代替。保留中心詞、簡化或省略修飾成分，可以避免重復(fù)指正。

例3．…2002年5月份，國務(wù)院召開全國增收節(jié)支工作電視電話會議…2002年9月份，國務(wù)院再次召開全國增收節(jié)支工作會議…

…in May 2002 the State Council held a national conference on increasing revenue and reducing expenditures …in September 2002, it held another conference… 相同內(nèi)容的會議第二次出現(xiàn)時，只保留中心詞conference，其它修飾成分用another代替，既避免了重復(fù)，又使兩次會議的同一目的一目了然。

⑶用概括性名詞

用概括性名詞替代需要重復(fù)的詞語，也是簡練譯文的好辦法：

例4．要標(biāo)本兼治，重在治本。

We should seek both temporary and permanent solutions to the problems, with emphasis on the latter.譯文用latter代替permanent solutions，強(qiáng)調(diào)對比，避免重復(fù)。

例5．認(rèn)真貫徹落實(shí)僑務(wù)政策，進(jìn)一步做好僑務(wù)工作。

We should conscientiously implement the Party’s policy on overseas Chinese affairs and do a better job in this regard.譯文中“僑務(wù)政策”做解釋性翻譯policy on overseas Chinese affairs，譯文較長，重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時必須替代，this regard可以一字概括。

⑷變換用詞

《政府工作報(bào)告》是關(guān)于政府宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控的報(bào)告，有些詞意不太明確的“宏觀性”詞匯和詞組出現(xiàn)的頻率很高，它們看似容易譯時難。必須先吃透具體含義，再進(jìn)一步變換詞匯和確定搭配。否則，譯文就會枯燥晦澀。

以“建設(shè)”一詞為例。在報(bào)告中曾重復(fù)出現(xiàn)許多次，有關(guān)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)成就總結(jié)的同一段落里就出現(xiàn)六處，但“建設(shè)”一詞的譯文卻不盡相同，并沒有都譯成construction，譯成construction時搭配也有所不同，例6-例11：

例6．基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)成就顯著。

The infrastructure improved remarkably.例7．進(jìn)行了新中國成立以來規(guī)模最大的水利建設(shè)。

We built water conservancy projects on a scale larger than any other time since the founding of New China.例8．交通建設(shè)空前發(fā)展,Transport developed on an unprecedented scale.例9．郵電通信建設(shè)突飛猛進(jìn)。

Construction of postal and telecommunications facilities greatly expanded.例10．能源建設(shè)繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)。

Construction in the energy sector was further intensified.例11．城市規(guī)劃和公用設(shè)施建設(shè)明顯加強(qiáng)。

Urban planning and public utility construction improved remarkably.報(bào)告中還出現(xiàn)其它方方面面的“建設(shè)”，都根據(jù)上下文變換詞匯、確定搭配，給出了不同的譯文，用詞具體，譯文易懂。

例12．國家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)積極推進(jìn)。

Significant progress was made in establishing China’s innovation system.例13．民主政治建設(shè)不斷加強(qiáng)。

Democracy has been improved steadily.例14．精神文明建設(shè)取得新成果。

Fresh achievements have been made in promoting spiritual civilization.例15．加強(qiáng)國防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)，是國家安全和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的可靠保證。

Strengthening national defense and the armed forces is a reliable guarantee for national security and the modernization drive.例16．堅(jiān)持國防建設(shè)與經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展。

We should balance well the need to build a strong defense with economic development.例17．全面建設(shè)小康社會

build a moderately prosperous society in China in an all-round way

2．使用主從結(jié)構(gòu)

英語句子里主從關(guān)系很多，體現(xiàn)出不同的層次。漢語句子里并列關(guān)系居多，孰主孰從不明顯。漢譯英時經(jīng)常需要用從句、分詞短語、介詞短語、加連接詞等手段把并列結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為從屬結(jié)構(gòu)，以突出句子重點(diǎn)，主次分明，合乎英語的行文習(xí)慣。

⑴用從句

例18．結(jié)合國有商業(yè)銀行集中處理不良資產(chǎn)的改革，成立四家金融資產(chǎn)管理公司，確定對符合條件的580戶國有大中型企業(yè)實(shí)施債權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)股權(quán)。

The four financial asset management companies, which were set up as part of the reform to dispose of bad assets of the state-owned commercial banks, selected 580 eligible large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises for their debt-to-equity reform.這句話原文由三個并列動詞結(jié)構(gòu)組成。細(xì)看三者并不在一個層次上，第一個只是完成第二個的方式方法，第二個也只是文章的過渡，它們都不是句子的重點(diǎn)，第三個才是目的，也就是說句子的重點(diǎn)在最后一個動詞結(jié)構(gòu)。譯文把次要的部分用從句處理，這就顯出了層次，突出了句子重點(diǎn)。

⑵用分詞短語

例19．軍隊(duì)革命化、現(xiàn)代化、正規(guī)化建設(shè)繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)，國防實(shí)力和軍隊(duì)防衛(wèi)作戰(zhàn)能力提高。

The revolutionization, modernization and standardization of the armed forces were carried forward, leading to a rise in our country’s military capability and our army’s defensive combat readiness.原文兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)并列，仔細(xì)看有從屬關(guān)系。第二個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)譯文只用了分詞短語，較好地襯托出前者是重點(diǎn)。

⑶用介詞結(jié)構(gòu)

例20．面對嚴(yán)峻的國際經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境，我們積極應(yīng)對，趨利避害，變挑戰(zhàn)為機(jī)遇，開創(chuàng)了對外開放的新局面。

Despite the grim international economic environment, we have created a new

situation in our opening up by responding positively, striving to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and turning challenges into opportunities.原文多個動詞并列，譯文中只出現(xiàn)一個謂語，其它用介詞短語解決，層次分明。綜上所述，中式英語是漢譯英最需克服又最難克服的大問題。中國人用英語說中國的事，也許帶有中文特色是難免的。用好以上兩個技巧，能幫助克服許多中式英語，提高譯文質(zhì)量。如果要從根本上來解決這個問題，還需要譯者擴(kuò)大知識面，加強(qiáng)兩種語言、尤其是英語的修養(yǎng)。英語水平越高，譯文中式英語就越少。

（來源：中央編譯局網(wǎng)站 作者：賈毓玲 英語點(diǎn)津姍姍編輯）

第三篇：政府工作報(bào)告翻譯心得

政府工作報(bào)告翻譯心得

泛瑞翻譯

《政府工作報(bào)告》的翻譯更易出現(xiàn)中式英語傾向。其原因有三：一是帶有中國特色的新詞語新提法難以從英文詞典中找到現(xiàn)成的對應(yīng)詞；二是對忠實(shí)原文的要求嚴(yán)格。

一.出現(xiàn)中式英語傾向的原因

由于中國與英語國家的歷史背景、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、社會文化形態(tài)的不同，以及中國人與英語國家人們思維方式和語言習(xí)慣的差異，漢譯英易產(chǎn)生“中式英語”，就像英譯漢易出現(xiàn)“洋腔洋調(diào)”一樣。無論是文學(xué)翻譯還是應(yīng)用翻譯都有“中式英語”的傾向，像《政府工作報(bào)告》這樣的政治性文件的漢英翻譯尤其易感“中式英語癥”。其原因有三：

1.用詞的中國特色 一年一度的《政府工作報(bào)告》是中國政府向其人民代表所做的工作總結(jié)和工作部署?？偨Y(jié)的是建設(shè)具有中國特色社會主義事業(yè)的新成就，部署的是針對中國國情的大政方針、基本國策，不少新詞匯、新詞組、新提法都是中國特有的，難以從英文詞典中找到現(xiàn)成的對應(yīng)詞。無論是直譯還是解釋性翻譯都難免中文味道。

“三個代表”譯為Three Represents，用動詞represent體現(xiàn)原文“代表”的動態(tài)詞性，用數(shù)量次、復(fù)數(shù)和大寫來滿足 “三個代表”簡稱的名詞需要，譯文與原文在形式上也很對稱。但Three Represents聽起來又點(diǎn)怪，仍有中式英語味道，因?yàn)橛脭?shù)次修飾動詞是違反英文語法的。

“三條保障線”(國有企業(yè)下崗職工基本生活保障、失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)和城市居民最低生活保障)是典型的帶中國特色的詞組，英文里找不到相應(yīng)的詞。今年《政府工作報(bào)告》譯為three-stage guarantees，后又根據(jù)上下文做解釋性翻譯(ensuring payment of the living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises, unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for the urban poor)。

但這種譯文不一定理想。guarantee有名詞詞性，字尾加s表示復(fù)數(shù)，符合英語語法。但stage是指同一事物不同的發(fā)展階段，譬如現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)“三步走”戰(zhàn)略譯為three-stage strategy for modernization drive，不能把幾件事用stage相提并論，所以該譯文是不準(zhǔn)確的。英語專家王弄笙在其《近年來漢英翻譯中出現(xiàn)的一些新問題》中提議將“三條保障線”譯作the system of three social security programs，既強(qiáng)調(diào)了數(shù)量的概念，the system又使三者渾然一體，還體現(xiàn)了社會保障的范疇，可謂言簡意賅。

與數(shù)字結(jié)合的詞組，諸如“五講、四美、三熱愛”等等，都是中國專有的，在英文里找不到相應(yīng)的詞組。即使深刻理解了原文，用通順易懂的英文譯出來，也未必理想。這樣的提法在每年的政府報(bào)告中都有，在別的政治文件中也不斷涌現(xiàn)。

2.對忠實(shí)原文有更高的要求

翻譯要忠實(shí)于原文，“信、達(dá)、雅”的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)“信”字當(dāng)頭。政治文件的翻譯對忠實(shí)原文的要求就更為嚴(yán)格，因?yàn)檎挝募婕包h和國家大政方針、基本國策，一旦出現(xiàn)紕漏，后果嚴(yán)重。政治文件政策性強(qiáng)，翻譯不能隨意增字，也不能隨意減字，更不能換種說法繞過去。為了政治上保險(xiǎn)，過于拘泥于原文字句，亦步亦趨，扣得太死，易產(chǎn)生不符合英文詞法句法的中式英語。

3.行文結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞的特點(diǎn)

政府報(bào)告句子偏長，句型結(jié)構(gòu)單一，多用并列短句或并列謂語，“一逗到底”，連接成分使用不多，層次不太明顯。而英語要求句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，邏輯關(guān)系嚴(yán)密，層次分明，主謂關(guān)系密切。譯者必須透徹理解原文，挖掘句子與句子之間邏輯關(guān)系。否則，譯文容易偏離英語“形合”的要求，產(chǎn)生過多單個的句子，結(jié)構(gòu)松散。另外，用詞重復(fù)單調(diào)，在一句話或相連的幾句話里重復(fù)使用相同的詞是常見的事。有些看起來容易譯起來難的詞和詞組出現(xiàn)頻度很高，例如：“加強(qiáng)”、“建設(shè)”或“搞好”等，容易產(chǎn)生重復(fù)累贅、晦澀難懂的中式英語。

二.克服中式英語的倆種技巧

如何才能克服中式英語呢?從基礎(chǔ)上講，首先要結(jié)合業(yè)務(wù)加強(qiáng)政治學(xué)習(xí)，吃透報(bào)告精神，不要停留在字面意思，避免因缺乏政治知識造成歧義。其次，要加強(qiáng)業(yè)務(wù)學(xué)習(xí)，熟悉英文詞法句法特點(diǎn)，避免將中文搭配強(qiáng)加在英文上。筆者通過參與歷年《政府工作報(bào)告》和其它全國人大會議文件的翻譯，認(rèn)真研讀推敲文件英譯本，留心搜集了一些如何在實(shí)踐中解決中式英語問題的技巧與范例。歸納起來可分為兩種技巧：替代重復(fù)指稱和使用主從結(jié)構(gòu)。下面以十屆人大一次會議朱镕基總理的《政府工作報(bào)告》的英譯本為例。

1.替代重復(fù)指稱

英語不喜歡重復(fù)，漢譯英時要想方設(shè)法避免重復(fù)，主要手段有用代詞代替、縮短或去掉修飾成分、使用概括性名詞和變換用詞等。

⑴用代詞代替

例1.實(shí)現(xiàn)了千百年來圍湖造田、與湖爭地到大規(guī)模退田還湖的歷史性轉(zhuǎn)變。This represented a great shift from the centuries-long history of reclaiming farmland from lakes to restoring it to them on a large scale.這個例子，原文“湖”出現(xiàn)三次，“田”出現(xiàn)兩次，而譯文中l(wèi)akes和farmland只出現(xiàn)一次，再次出現(xiàn)使用了代詞it和 them來代替。既避免了重復(fù)，又增加了連貫性。原文中“圍湖造田”“與湖爭地”屬同意反復(fù)，省去一個即可。英語中的代詞可分為七、八種，可見代詞在英語中比在漢語中用得多。使用代詞代替名詞是漢譯應(yīng)時避免重復(fù)、簡化譯文的一個常用的手法。

⑵縮短修飾成分

例2.進(jìn)行了新中國成立以來規(guī)模最大的水利建設(shè)。五年全國水利建設(shè)投資3562億元，扣除價格變動因素，相當(dāng)于1950年到1997年全國水利建設(shè)投資的總和。We built water conservancy projects on a scale larger than any other time since the founding of New China.The investment in these projects nationwide totaled 356.2 million yuan for the five years, which was equal to the total investment in this field from 1950 through 1997 after adjusting for price changes.原文“水利建設(shè)”出現(xiàn)三次，譯文中water conservancy projects 僅出現(xiàn)一次，第二次用指示代詞these將定語縮短，第三次用概括性名詞field代替。保留中心詞、簡化或省略修飾成分，可以避免重復(fù)指正。

例3.?2002年5月份，國務(wù)院召開全國增收節(jié)支工作電視電話會議?2002年9月份，國務(wù)院再次召開全國增收節(jié)支工作會議?

?in May 2002 the State Council held a national conference on increasing revenue and reducing expenditures ?in September 2002, it held another conference?

相同內(nèi)容的會議第二次出現(xiàn)時，只保留中心詞conference，其它修飾成分用another代替，既避免了重復(fù)，又使兩次會議的同一目的一目了然。

第四篇：政府工作報(bào)告熱詞翻譯

從緊貨幣政策政府工作報(bào)告熱詞——宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)篇穩(wěn)健財(cái)政政策 tight monetary policy

宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)控 prudent fiscal policy政府臨時調(diào)控 macroeconomic regulation

經(jīng)濟(jì)增長模式 government interim intervention固investment

定資產(chǎn)投 mode of economic development

資反彈 a resurgence in fixed asset 貨幣信貸投放仍然偏多of money and credit

continued excessive supplies 流動性過剩轉(zhuǎn)型過程 excessive liquidity行政手段 transformation process螺旋式通脹 administrative measures通脹壓力抑制通脹 inflationary pressurespiraling inflation次貸危機(jī)to hold down inflation經(jīng)濟(jì)劇烈波動 subprime mortgage crisis

經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱 drastic fluctuations in the economy防止經(jīng)濟(jì)過熱 economic overheating促to prevent the economy from adjustment and balanced development

進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展 to promote overheatingstructural 減disadvantaged group

輕弱勢群體負(fù)擔(dān) ease the burden on the 增加對薄弱環(huán)節(jié)、改善民生、深化改革等方面的支出increase expenditures necessary “to shore up weakto links, improve people's lives and deepen reform”

政府工作報(bào)告熱詞——就業(yè)篇嚴(yán)employment

厲打擊非法用工 to severely

punish illegal 加強(qiáng)勞動爭議處理disputes

to improve the handling of labor 加強(qiáng)勞動保障監(jiān)察protection measures

to improve oversight for worker 就業(yè)促進(jìn)法勞動合同法Employment Promotion Law城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率Labor Contract Law

鼓勵創(chuàng)業(yè)公共就業(yè)服務(wù)體系 to encourage business startups

registered urban unemployment rate完善再就業(yè)扶持政策 public employment service systemseekers

to improve the aid system for job “零就業(yè)”家庭就業(yè)機(jī)會 zero-employment families非農(nóng)產(chǎn)業(yè) employment opportunities失業(yè)保險(xiǎn)制度 nonagricultural sectors

勞workforce

動力總量 unemployment insurance system

大增 a large increase in the total 支持創(chuàng)辦小型企業(yè)small enterprises

to support citizens to establish 鼓勵自謀職業(yè)和自主創(chuàng)業(yè)jobs on their own or start their own businessesto encourage people to find 加training and training in how to start a business強(qiáng)就業(yè)和創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓(xùn) to strengthen vocational 城鄉(xiāng)勞動者平等就業(yè)制度treats urban and rural workers equally

an employment system that 落實(shí)促進(jìn)殘疾人就業(yè)政策find more jobs for people with physical and mentalto carry out policies to disabilities

建立幫助零就業(yè)家庭解決就業(yè)困難長效機(jī)制permanent families find jobs

mechanism to help zero-employmentto create a 通過加強(qiáng)就業(yè)和創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓(xùn)，及支持創(chuàng)辦小型企業(yè)來擴(kuò)大就業(yè)鼓勵自謀職業(yè)和自主創(chuàng)業(yè)，以"by encouraging andto expand employment strengthening job training, encouraging people to training business start-ups, find establishment of small enterprisesjobs on their own, and supporting the 政府工作報(bào)告熱詞——國企篇國有企業(yè)

主要產(chǎn)業(yè) state owned enterprises(SOEs)稅收貢獻(xiàn) core business民航所有制結(jié)構(gòu) civil aviation

tax contributions發(fā)展大型糧食基地 ownership structure

bases

to develop large grain production 國state-owned assets

有資產(chǎn)所有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移 transferring ownership of 完善所有制結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)行政策性關(guān)閉破產(chǎn) to improve ownership structureclosures and bankruptcies

to carry out policy-mandated 建立國有資本經(jīng)營預(yù)算制度for managing state capital

to set up a budget system 國有企業(yè)資產(chǎn)總額owned enterprises(SOEs)

the total value of assets of state 國system for state-owned assets

有資產(chǎn)管理體制改革 reform of the management 國distribution and structure of the state sector

有經(jīng)濟(jì)布局與結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整 adjustment of the 建立和完善國有資產(chǎn)出資人制度a system for investors of state assets

to set up and improved 引入國有企業(yè)股份制system in SOEs

to institute a stockholding 郵政體制改革振興老工業(yè)基地戰(zhàn)略 reform of the postal service systemindustrial bases

strategy of rejuvenating the old 國有企業(yè)改革改組改造upgrading SOEs

reforming, reorganizing and 深化國有企業(yè)股份制改革convert SOEs into stockholding corporationsto deepen the reform to 加強(qiáng)公司化管理實(shí)policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies

行政策引 to improve corporate governance導(dǎo)關(guān)閉和破產(chǎn) to carry out 加economies 快資源枯exploitation

of 竭型cities 城市經(jīng)濟(jì)dependent 轉(zhuǎn)型 to transform on resource the 擴(kuò)大建立國有資產(chǎn)管理預(yù)算系統(tǒng)試點(diǎn)experiment state capitalof setting up a budget systemto expand the for managing 引入競爭，to introducing deepen 加強(qiáng)政府管理和公共監(jiān)督，the 深化壟斷企業(yè)改革 government regulation and public supervision

competition reform of monopoly and industries strengthening by 嚴(yán)strictly 格國有資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化為股份制企業(yè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序 to SOEs into stock companies

standardize procedures for transforming 資源型城市經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型試點(diǎn)of cities dependent on resource exploitationto transform the economies 嚴(yán)格規(guī)范國有企業(yè)改制和國有產(chǎn)權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓，失防止國有資產(chǎn)流transforming to strictly transferring SOEs into standardize stock procedures for prevent their erosion

ownership of state-owned companies assets and for to 主輔分離，輔業(yè)改制businesses former into independent companyfrom theircore to separate SOE's secondary businesses and covert the

能源消耗政府工作報(bào)告熱詞——能源、環(huán)境篇

清潔、可再生能源 energy consumption 化學(xué)需氧量 clean and renewable energy sources 節(jié)能減排目標(biāo) chemical oxygen demand

emissions

targets for saving energy and reducing 節(jié)reduction technologies

能減排技術(shù) energy conservation and emission 淘汰落后生產(chǎn)企業(yè)facilities

to close down backward production 加production facilities

強(qiáng)先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)能力建設(shè) to develop advanced 城市污水處理能力重點(diǎn)流域的污染防治 urban sewage treatment capacity valleys and regions

pollution control in major river 農(nóng)村飲用水安全飲用水rural drinking water 污染物排放 safe drinking water 資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會 emissions of pollutants

and environmentally friendly society

a resource-conserving 抓好重點(diǎn)企業(yè)節(jié)能和重點(diǎn)工程建設(shè)conservation key projects

in key enterprises and to focus on energy construction of 產(chǎn)updating 品質(zhì)量安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定和修訂the formulation or products, drugs and other consumer goods

of national standards for the safety of food 落實(shí)電力、鋼鐵、水泥、煤炭、造紙等行業(yè)淘汰落后生產(chǎn)能力計(jì)劃production facilities in the electricity, steel,implement the plan to close down backward cement, coal and papermaking industries

糾正招商引資中違法違規(guī)的做法practices for attracting foreign investmen

to correct illegal 限制和禁止高耗能、高排放和部分資源性外資項(xiàng)目limitto energy intensive or highly polluting, limit or ban or ban foreign investment in projects that are foreign exploitation

investment in some areas of resource 提standards would have stricter limits for discharge 高重點(diǎn)流域水污染物的國家排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。National of pollutants in key river valleys.節(jié)約資源和環(huán)境保護(hù)要一代一代人持之以恒地進(jìn)行下去，讓conservation 我們的祖國山更綠，水更清，天更c(diǎn)ontinue from generation to generation to make our and environmental protection 藍(lán)。Resource must mountains greener, waters cleaner and skies bluer.

第五篇：XX年政府工作報(bào)告全文翻譯

XX年政府工作報(bào)告全文翻譯

以下是整理的關(guān)于XX年政府工作報(bào)告中文范文翻譯成英文文本，歡迎閱讀!

注：以本次大會最后審議通過并由新華社公布的文本為準(zhǔn)。

The official Chinese version of this report will be released by Xinhua News Agency.政府工作報(bào)告

Report on the Work of the Government

—— XX 年 3 月 5 日在第十二屆全國人民代表大會第五次會議上

– Delivered at the Fifth Session of the 12th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, XX

國務(wù)院總理 李克強(qiáng)

Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Esteemed Deputies，現(xiàn)在，我代表國務(wù)院，向大會報(bào)告政府工作，請予審議，并請全國政協(xié)各位委員提出 意見。

On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the work of the government and ask for your deliberation and approval.I also wish to have comments on my report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC).一、XX 年工作回顧

Let me begin with a review of our work in XX.過去一年，我國發(fā)展面臨國內(nèi)外諸多矛盾疊加、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患交匯的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。在以習(xí)近平

平同志為核心的黨中央堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，全國各族人民迎難而上，砥礪前行，推動經(jīng)濟(jì)社 會持續(xù)健康發(fā)展。黨的十八屆六中全會正式明確總書記的核心地位，體現(xiàn)了黨 和人民的根本利益，對保證黨和國家興旺發(fā)達(dá)、長治久安，具有十分重大而深遠(yuǎn)的意 義。各地區(qū)、各部門不斷增強(qiáng)政治意識、大局意識、核心意識、看齊意識，推動全面 建成小康社會取得新的重要進(jìn)展，全面深化改革邁出重大步伐，全面依法治國深入實(shí) 施，全面從嚴(yán)治黨縱深推進(jìn)，全年經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展主要目標(biāo)任務(wù)圓滿完成，“十三五” 實(shí)現(xiàn)了良好開局。

In the past year, China’s development has faced grave challenges posed by a great many problems and interwoven risks and dangers both at home and abroad.However, under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we the Chinese people have risen to the challenge and worked hard to press ahead, driving forward sustained, healthy economic and social development.At the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Party Central Committee, the core position of General Secretary Xi Jinping was formally affirmed, which reflects the fundamental interests of the Party and the Chinese people, and is of crucial and farreaching significance for ensuring the flourishing and longterm stability of the Party and the country.All regions and all government departments have steadily strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in bigpicture terms, uphold the leadership core, and keep in alignment.Pushing ahead with all around efforts, we have achieved major progress in finishing building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, made important strides in deepening reform, continued to exercise lawbased governance, and made further progress in practicing strict Party selfgovernance;and we have accomplished the year’s main tasks and targets for economic and social development, and got the 13th FiveYear Plan off to a great start.——經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行緩中趨穩(wěn)、穩(wěn)中向好。國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到 萬億元，增長 %，名 列世界前茅，對全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的貢獻(xiàn)率超過 30%。居民消費(fèi)價格上漲 2%。工業(yè)企業(yè) 利潤由上年下降 %轉(zhuǎn)為增長 %，單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值能耗下降 5%，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的 質(zhì)量和效益明顯提高。

1.The economy has registered a slower but stable performance with good momentum for growth.GDP reached trillion yuan, representing growth, and seeing China outpace most other economies.China contributed more than 30 percent of global growth.The CPI rose by 2 percent.With an increase in profits, industrial enterprises reversed the previous year’s negative growth of percent.Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 5 percent.Economic performance improved markedly in quality and returns.——就業(yè)增長超出預(yù)期。全年城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè) 1314 萬人。高校畢業(yè)生就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)人數(shù)再 創(chuàng)新高。年末城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率 %，為多年來最低。13 億多人口的發(fā)展中大國，就 業(yè)比較充分，十分不易。

2.Employment growth exceeded projections.A total of million new urban jobs were added over the course of the year.The number of college graduates finding employment or starting businesses reached another record high.The registered urban unemployment rate stood at percent at yearend XX, the lowest level in years.For China, a large developing country with a population of over billion, attaining this level of employment is no easy task.——改革開放深入推進(jìn)。重要領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)改革取得突破性進(jìn)展，供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改 革初見成效。對外開放推出新舉措，“一帶一路”建設(shè)進(jìn)展快速，一批重大工程和國 際產(chǎn)能合作項(xiàng)目落地。

3.Continued advances were made in reform and opening up.Breakthroughs were made in reforms in major sectors and key links, and initial success was achieved in supplyside structural reform.New measures were introduced for opening China up, rapid progress was made in pursuing the Belt and Road Initiative, and a number of major projects and industrialcapacity cooperation projects with other countries were launched.——經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)加快調(diào)整。消費(fèi)在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長中發(fā)揮主要拉動作用。服務(wù)業(yè)增加值占國內(nèi)

生產(chǎn)總值比重上升到 %。高技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)、裝備制造業(yè)較快增長。農(nóng)業(yè)穩(wěn)中調(diào)優(yōu)，糧 食再獲豐收。

4.Economic structural adjustment was stepped up.Consumption was the main driver of economic growth.The value created by the service sector rose to percent of GDP.Hightech industries and equipment manufacturing grew rapidly.In agriculture, production was stable and structural adjustments were made, and we had continued good grain harvests.——發(fā)展新動能不斷增強(qiáng)。創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略深入實(shí)施。科技領(lǐng)域取得一批國際領(lǐng)先 的重大成果。新興產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃興起，傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)加快轉(zhuǎn)型升級。大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬眾創(chuàng)新廣泛 開展，全年新登記企業(yè)增長 %，平均每天新增 萬戶，加上個體工商戶等，各 類市場主體每天新增 萬戶。新動能正在撐起發(fā)展新天地。

5.New drivers of growth gained strength.Further progress was made in pursuing the innovationdriven development strategy, and a number of worldleading achievements were made in science and technology.Emerging industries were thriving, and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries accelerated.People were busy launching businesses or making innovations, with a yearonyear increase in the number of new businesses registeredan average of 15,000 new businesses daily.With self employed traders and other market entities included we had an average of 45,000 new market entities launched per day.New growth drivers are opening new prospects for China’s development.——基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支撐能力持續(xù)提升。高速鐵路投產(chǎn)里程超過 1900 公里，新建改建高速

公路 6700 多公里、農(nóng)村公路 29 萬公里。城市軌道交通、地下綜合管廊建設(shè)加快。新

開工重大水利工程 21 項(xiàng)。新增第四代移動通信用戶 億、光纜線路 550 多萬公里。

6.Infrastructure became everbetter able to sustain development.Over 1,900 kilometers of new highspeed rail lines came into service, and more than 6,700 kilometers of expressways and 290,000 kilometers of rural roads were built or upgraded.Construction picked up pace on urban rail transit facilities and underground utility tunnels.Construction began on 21 major water conservancy projects.The number of 4G mobile communications subscribers grew by 340 million and over million kilometers of optical fiber cables were added.——人民生活繼續(xù)改善。全國居民人均可支配收入實(shí)際增長 %。農(nóng)村貧困人口減 少 1240 萬，易地扶貧搬遷人口超過 240 萬。棚戶區(qū)住房改造 600 多萬套，農(nóng)村危房

改造 380 多萬戶。國內(nèi)旅游快速增長，出境旅游超過 億人次，城鄉(xiāng)居民生活水平有新的提高。

7.Living standards were improved.Personal per capita disposable income increased by percent in real terms.The number of people living in poverty in rural areas was reduced by million, including more than million people relocated from inhospitable areas.More than 6 million homes in rundown urban areas and over million dilapidated rural houses were renovated.In tourism, domestic trips showed rapid growth, and overseas trips exceeded 120 million.People in both urban and rural areas saw a rise in living standards.我國成功主辦二十國集團(tuán)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人杭州峰會，推動取得一系列開創(chuàng)性、引領(lǐng)性、機(jī)制性 重要成果，在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理中留下深刻的印記。

China successfully hosted the G20 XX Hangzhou Summit, and helped to deliver a number of important pioneering, leading, and institutional outcomes, thus doing its part for global economic governance.回顧過去一年，走過的路很不尋常。我們面對的是世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易增速 7 年來最低、國際金融市場波動加劇、地區(qū)和全球性挑戰(zhàn)突發(fā)多發(fā)的外部環(huán)境，面對的是國內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu) 性問題突出、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隱患顯現(xiàn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)下行壓力加大的多重困難，面對的是改革進(jìn)入攻堅(jiān) 期、利益關(guān)系深刻調(diào)整、影響社會穩(wěn)定因素增多的復(fù)雜局面。在這種情況下，經(jīng)濟(jì)能 夠穩(wěn)住很不容易，出現(xiàn)諸多向好變化更為難得。這再次表明，人民有勇氣、有智

慧、有能力戰(zhàn)勝任何艱難險(xiǎn)阻，經(jīng)濟(jì)有潛力、有韌性、有優(yōu)勢，的發(fā)展前景

一定會更好。

XX was an unusual year in our country’s development.China was confronted with an external environment in which the world saw the lowest economic and trade growth in seven years, growing volatility in global financial markets, and sudden and frequent regional and global challenges.Domestically, China faced multiple difficulties: major structural problems, prominent risks and dangers, and mounting downward pressure on the economy.China found itself in a complex environment as reform entered a critical stage, profound changes took place affecting interests, and factors impacting social stability grew.Given all these factors, it was not easy for us to maintain stable economic performance.And yet we succeeded, and even managed to make progress on many fronts.Once again, this shows that we the Chinese people have the courage, ingenuity, and ability to overcome any difficulty or hardship.It also shows that the Chinese economy possesses potential, resilience, and strengths, so we can be sure there is even better development ahead for China.一年來，我們主要做了以下工作。

I will now move on to discuss our main work last year:

一是繼續(xù)創(chuàng)新和加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控，經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行保持在合理區(qū)間。去年宏觀調(diào)控面臨多難抉 擇，我們堅(jiān)持不搞“大水漫灌”式強(qiáng)刺激，而是依靠改革創(chuàng)新來穩(wěn)增長、調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、防 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，在區(qū)間調(diào)控基礎(chǔ)上，加強(qiáng)定向調(diào)控、相機(jī)調(diào)控。積極的財(cái)政政策力度加大，增 加的財(cái)政赤字主要用于減稅降費(fèi)。全面推開營改增試點(diǎn)，全年降低企業(yè)稅負(fù) 5700 多億 元，所有行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)稅負(fù)只減不增。制定實(shí)施中央與地方增值稅收入劃分過渡方案，確 保地方既有財(cái)力不變。擴(kuò)大地方政府存量債務(wù)置換規(guī)模，降低利息負(fù)擔(dān)約 4000 億元。穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策靈活適度，廣義貨幣 M2 增長 %，低于 13%左右的預(yù)期目標(biāo)。綜 合運(yùn)用多種貨幣政策工具，支持實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。實(shí)施促進(jìn)消費(fèi)升級措施。出臺鼓勵民 間投資等政策，投資出現(xiàn)企穩(wěn)態(tài)勢。分類調(diào)控房地產(chǎn)市場。加強(qiáng)金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控，人民 幣匯率形成機(jī)制進(jìn)一步完善，保持了在合理均衡水平上的基本穩(wěn)定，維護(hù)了國家經(jīng)濟(jì) 金融安全。

First, we continued to develop new and more effective ways of carrying out regulation at the macro level, thus keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range.Last year, we faced difficult choices in conducting macrolevel regulation, but we stood firm in not adopting strong stimulus policies that would have had an economy wide impact, and strived instead to maintain steady growth, adjust the structure, and guard against risks through reform and innovation.We strengthened targeted and welltimed regulation on the basis of rangebased regulation.More proactive fiscal policy was pursued, and the increase in the fiscal deficit was used mainly to cover tax and fee cuts.The trial replacement of business tax with value added tax(VAT)was extended to cover all sectors, slashing the tax burden of businesses for the year by over 570 billion yuan and reducing tax burdens in every sector.A transitional plan for sharing VAT revenue between the central and local governments was formulated and implemented to ensure financial resources of local governments remained unchanged.More local government bonds were issued to replace outstanding debts, reducing interest payments by roughly 400 billion yuan.A prudent monetary policy was pursued in a flexible and appropriate manner.The M2 money supply increased by percent, below our projected target of around 13 percent.We used a range of monetary policy tools to support the development of the real economy.Measures were taken to upgrade consumption.We unveiled policies to encourage private investment, and saw investment begin to stabilize.We strengthened efforts to manage financial risks.The RMB exchange rate regime continued to improve, and the exchange rate remained generally stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level.We also exercised categorybased regulation over the real estate market.By doing this, we have safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.二是著力抓好“三去一降一補(bǔ)”，供給結(jié)構(gòu)有所改善。以鋼鐵、煤炭行業(yè)為重點(diǎn)去產(chǎn) 能，全年退出鋼鐵產(chǎn)能超過 6500 萬噸、煤炭產(chǎn)能超過 億噸，超額完成目標(biāo)任 務(wù)，分流職工得到較好安置。支持農(nóng)民工在城鎮(zhèn)購房，提高棚改貨幣化安置比例，房 地產(chǎn)去庫存取得積極成效。推動企業(yè)兼并重組，發(fā)展直接融資，實(shí)施市場化法治化債 轉(zhuǎn)股，工業(yè)企業(yè)資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率有所下降。著眼促進(jìn)企業(yè)降成本，出臺減稅降費(fèi)、降低 “五險(xiǎn)一金”繳費(fèi)比例、下調(diào)用電價格等舉措。加大補(bǔ)短板力度，辦了一批當(dāng)前急需 又利長遠(yuǎn)的大事。

Second, we focused on five priority tasks – cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness – thereby improving the composition of supply.Particular priority was given to cutting overcapacity in the steel and coal sectors.Over the year, steel production capacity was cut by more than 65 million metric tons and coal by over 290 million metric tons, going beyond annual targets.Effective assistance was provided to laidoff employees.We supported migrant workers in buying urban homes;and we increased the proportion of people affected by rebuilding in rundown urban areas receiving monetary compensation, making good progress in reducing real estate inventory.Business acquisitions and reorganizations were encouraged, direct financing was promoted, and market and lawbased debttoequity swaps were carried out, lowering the debttoasset ratio of industrial enterprises.To help enterprises lower operating costs, we introduced measures to cut taxes and fees, lower the share paid by enterprises for social security contributions, and cut the price of electricity.We boosted efforts to strengthen areas of weakness and undertook major initiatives that both help to meet urgent needs today and promise longterm benefits.三是大力深化改革開放，發(fā)展活力進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)。全面深化改革，推出一批標(biāo)志性、支 柱性改革舉措。圍繞處理好政府和市場關(guān)系這一經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的核心問題，持續(xù)推進(jìn) 簡政放權(quán)、放管結(jié)合、優(yōu)化服務(wù)改革。在提前完成本屆政府減少行政審批事項(xiàng)三分之 一目標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上，去年又取消 165 項(xiàng)國務(wù)院部門及其指定地方實(shí)施的審批事項(xiàng)，清理 規(guī)范 192 項(xiàng)審批中介服務(wù)事項(xiàng)、220 項(xiàng)職業(yè)資格許可認(rèn)定事項(xiàng)。深化商事制度改革。全面推行“雙隨機(jī)、一公開”，增強(qiáng)事中事后監(jiān)管的有效性，推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)+政務(wù)服 務(wù)”。推動國有企業(yè)調(diào)整重組和混合所有制改革。建立公平競爭審查制度。深化 稅改革。完善農(nóng)村土地“三權(quán)分置”辦法，建立貧困退出機(jī)制。推進(jìn)科技管理體制改 革，擴(kuò)大高校和科研院所自主權(quán)，出臺以增加知識價值為導(dǎo)向的分配政策。放開養(yǎng)老 服務(wù)市場。擴(kuò)大公立醫(yī)院綜合改革試點(diǎn)，深化藥品醫(yī)療器械審評審批制度改革。制定 自然統(tǒng)一確權(quán)登記辦法，開展省以下環(huán)保機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)測監(jiān)察執(zhí)法垂直管理、耕地輪作

休耕改革等試點(diǎn)，全面推行河長制，健全生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制。改革為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展增

添了新動力。

Third, we worked hard to deepen reform and opening up, further strengthening the vitality of development.Reform was deepened across the board, and a good number of landmark and pillar reform initiatives were undertaken.To balance the governmentmarket relationship – the pivotal issue in economic structural reform – we continued reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services.My administration’s goal of cutting the number of items requiring government review by a third had been achieved ahead of schedule.On that basis, last year we cancelled the requirement on a further 165 items for review by State Council departments and authorized local governments.We also overhauled and standardized 192 items of intermediary services for government review as well as 220 items of approvals and accreditations for professional qualifications.We deepened institutional reforms in the business sector.We introduced an oversight model of random inspection and public release across the board, made operational and postoperational oversight more effective, and promoted the Internet Plus government services model.We pushed ahead with reforms to restructure and reorganize stateowned enterprises(SOEs)and introduce into them mixed ownership structures.We established a review system to ensure fair competition.We deepened resource tax reforms.We improved measures for separating rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights, and established a mechanism for determining whether people have been lifted out of poverty.We made progress in reforming the science and technology management system, gave greater autonomy to colleges and research institutes, and adopted profit distribution policies oriented toward increasing the value of knowledge.We opened up the elderly services market.We expanded the trials of comprehensive reforms in public hospitals and deepened reform of the evaluation and approval systems for medicine and medical equipment.We formulated unified measures to determine and register natural resource rights.We piloted reforms for conducting direct oversight by provinciallevel environmental

protection

agencies

over

the environmental monitoring and inspection work of environmental protection agencies below the provincial level, as well as crop rotation

and fallow land reforms.The river chief system was introduced for all lakes and rivers across the country, and the mechanisms for compensating for ecological conservation efforts were improved.Reform has given new impetus to economic and social development.積極擴(kuò)大對外開放。推進(jìn)“一帶一路”建設(shè)，與沿線國家加強(qiáng)戰(zhàn)略對接、務(wù)實(shí)合作。人民幣正式納入國際貨幣基金組織特別提款權(quán)貨幣籃子?！吧罡弁ā遍_啟。完善促進(jìn) 外貿(mào)發(fā)展措施，新設(shè) 12 個跨境電子商務(wù)綜合試驗(yàn)區(qū)，進(jìn)出口逐步回穩(wěn)。推廣上海等自

貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)改革創(chuàng)新成果，新設(shè) 7 個自貿(mào)試驗(yàn)區(qū)。除少數(shù)實(shí)行準(zhǔn)入特別管理措施領(lǐng)域外，外資企業(yè)設(shè)立及變更一律由審批改為備案管理。實(shí)際使用外資 1300 多億美元，繼續(xù)位 居發(fā)展家首位。

We opened China wider to the rest of the world.As we pushed ahead with the Belt and Road Initiative, we worked to increase complementarity between the development strategies of, and practical cooperation between, China and other countries along the routes.The RMB was formally included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket.The ShenzhenHong Kong Stock Connect was launched.We improved measures for promoting trade, and built 12 new integrated experimental zones for crossborder e commerce, bringing about a steady recovery in the volume of import and export.The new practices of pilot free trade zones in Shanghai and elsewhere were used to establish another seven pilot zones.The requirement for review and approval for setting up and making significant adjustments to foreign enterprises was replaced by a simple filing process, with the exception of a few areas where special market access requirement apply.In XX, China utilized more than US130 billion of overseas investment, continuing to rank first among developing countries.四是強(qiáng)化創(chuàng)新引領(lǐng)，新動能快速成長。深入推進(jìn)“互聯(lián)+”行動和國家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略，全面實(shí)施《制造 2025》，落實(shí)和完善“雙創(chuàng)”政策措施。部署啟動面向 2030 年 的科技創(chuàng)新重大項(xiàng)目，支持北京、上海建設(shè)具有全球影響力的科技創(chuàng)新中心，新設(shè) 6

個國家自主創(chuàng)新示范區(qū)。國內(nèi)有效發(fā)明專利擁有量突破 100 萬件，技術(shù)交易額超過 1

萬億元?？萍歼M(jìn)步貢獻(xiàn)率上升到 %，創(chuàng)新對發(fā)展的支撐作用明顯增強(qiáng)。

Fourth, we strengthened innovation’s leading role, spurring the rapid development of new growth drivers.We took further steps to implement the Internet Plus action plan and the national big data strategy, fully implemented the Made in China 2025 initiative, and implemented and improved policies and measures to encourage people to launch businesses and innovate.We developed and launched a plan for completing major science and technology programs by 2030, supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into global RD centers, and established another six national innovation demonstration zones.The number of inforce Chinese patents issued in China passed the million mark, and the value of technology transactions exceeded one trillion yuan.The contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic growth rose to percent, and innovation’s role in powering development grew markedly.五是促進(jìn)區(qū)域城鄉(xiāng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展，新的增長極增長帶加快形成。深入實(shí)施“一帶一路”建 設(shè)、京津冀協(xié)同發(fā)展、長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展三大戰(zhàn)略，啟動建設(shè)一批重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。編制西部 大開發(fā)“十三五”規(guī)劃，實(shí)施新一輪東北振興戰(zhàn)略，推動中部地區(qū)崛起，支持東部地 區(qū)率先發(fā)展。加快推進(jìn)新型城鎮(zhèn)化，深化戶籍制度改革，全面推行居住證制度，又有 1600 萬人進(jìn)城落戶。發(fā)展的協(xié)同疊加效應(yīng)不斷顯現(xiàn)。

Fifth, we promoted more balanced development between regions and between rural and urban areas, and saw faster emergence of new growth poles and growth belts.We stepped up work to implement the three strategic initiatives(the Belt and Road, BeijingTianjinHebei integration, and the Yangtze Economic Belt), and began construction on a number of key projects.We formulated the plan for the 13th Five Year Plan period for largescale development in the western region, launched a new round of initiatives as part of the Northeast revitalization strategy, drove progress in the rise of the central region, and supported the eastern region in leading the rest of the country in pursuing development.We sped up efforts to promote new types of urbanization, deepened reform of the household registration system, introduced the residence card system nationwide, and granted urban residency to another 16 million people from rural areas.The synergy building through coordinated development became more and more evident.六是加強(qiáng)生態(tài)文明建設(shè)，綠色發(fā)展取得新進(jìn)展。制定實(shí)施生態(tài)文明建設(shè)目標(biāo)評價考核 辦法，建設(shè)國家生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū)。強(qiáng)化大氣污染治理，二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量分 別下降 %和 4%，74 個重點(diǎn)城市細(xì)顆粒物()年均濃度下降 %。優(yōu)化能

源結(jié)構(gòu)，清潔能源消費(fèi)比重提高 個百分點(diǎn)，煤炭消費(fèi)比重下降 2 個百分點(diǎn)。推進(jìn)

水污染防治，出臺土壤污染防治行動計(jì)劃。開展中央環(huán)境保護(hù)督察，嚴(yán)肅查處一批環(huán) 境違法案件，推動了環(huán)保工作深入開展。

Sixth, we strengthened ecological conservation and made fresh progress in pursuing green development.We formulated and introduced measures for assessing progress made in ecological improvement, and established national pilot zones for ecological conservation.We took stronger measures against air pollution and, as a result, saw a decline in sulfur dioxide emissions, a 4percent cut in nitrogen oxide emissions, and a drop in the annual average density of fine particulate matter()in 74 key cities.We continued to improve the energy mix, increasing the share of clean energy consumption by percentage points and cutting the share of coal consumption by 2 percentage points.We continued efforts to prevent and control water pollution, and adopted an action plan for preventing and controlling soil pollution.Central government inspections

on

environmental

protection accountability were launched and violations of environmental protection laws were investigated and prosecuted, giving impetus to deeper efforts to protect the environment.七是注重保障和改善民生，人民群眾獲得感增強(qiáng)。在財(cái)政收支壓力加大情況下，民生 投入繼續(xù)增加。出臺新的就業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)政策，扎實(shí)做好重點(diǎn)人群、重點(diǎn)地區(qū)就業(yè)工作。全 面推進(jìn)脫貧攻堅(jiān)，全國財(cái)政專項(xiàng)扶貧資金投入超過 1000 億元。提高低保、優(yōu)撫、退休

人員基本養(yǎng)老金等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為 1700 多萬困難和重度殘疾人發(fā)放生活或護(hù)理補(bǔ)貼。財(cái)政性 教育經(jīng)費(fèi)支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比例繼續(xù)超過 4%。重點(diǎn)高校招收貧困地區(qū)農(nóng)村學(xué)生人 數(shù)增長 %。免除農(nóng)村貧困家庭學(xué)生普通高中學(xué)雜費(fèi)。全年資助各類學(xué)校家庭困難 學(xué)生 8400 多萬人次。整合城鄉(xiāng)居民基本醫(yī)保制度，提高財(cái)政補(bǔ)助標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。增加基本公共

衛(wèi)生服務(wù)經(jīng)費(fèi)。實(shí)現(xiàn)大病保險(xiǎn)全覆蓋，符合規(guī)定的省內(nèi)異地就醫(yī)住院費(fèi)用可直接結(jié)算。加強(qiáng)基層公共文化服務(wù)。實(shí)施全民健身計(jì)劃，體育健兒在里約奧運(yùn)會、殘奧會上再創(chuàng)

佳績。去年部分地區(qū)特別是長江流域發(fā)生嚴(yán)重洪澇等災(zāi)害，通過及時有力開展搶險(xiǎn)救 災(zāi)，緊急轉(zhuǎn)移安置 900 多萬人次，最大限度降低了災(zāi)害損失，恢復(fù)重建有序進(jìn)行。

Seventh, we gave particular attention to ensuring and improving living standards, helping Chinese people gain a stronger sense of benefit.Despite growing pressure from fiscal imbalance, we continued to increase inputs in areas related to living standards.We launched new policies on employment and business startups, and carried out solid work on increasing employment for key target groups and priority regions.We made allaround progress in key battles to eradicate poverty and earmarked over 100 billion yuan from government budgets for poverty relief.We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, basic pension payments, and other subsidies;and over 17 million people benefited through the provision of costofliving allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with severe disabilities.Fiscal spending on education continued to be over 4 percent of GDP.The number of students from poor rural areas enrolled in key universities grew by percent.We waived tuition and miscellaneous fees for students from poor rural families at regular senior high schools.Over the course of the year, more than 84 million grants were given to students from poor families studying in all types of schools.1/3123下一頁尾頁