第一篇：高一英語必修1 Unit1 知識點

Unit 1 Friendship 第二部分：語言點，考點精講： 上 【重難突破——重拳出擊】 Are you good to your friend? 你對你的朋友好嗎？ be good to sb.對?好, 對?親切

be good to old people.對老人要親切。【發散思維】

be good for：適于?, 對? 有好處

do good to sb.：對?有益，相當于do sb.good e.g.She is good to the little girl =she is kind to the little girl The food is good for our health =The food does good to our health =The food does our health good Add up your score and see how many points you can get.把你的得分加起來, 看一看你能得多少分。

I.add up 加起來

add the figures up / together.把這些數字加起來。【發散思維】 add ?to? ：添加

Add more salt to the soup and the soup will taste better.向湯里再加點鹽，湯的味道就會更好。add to ：to increase增加 Bad weather adds to our difficulty 壞天氣增加了我們困難。

add up to : to amount to總計，加起來等于 The figures add up to 1000 這些數字總計為1000。

II.score n.（比賽等的）得分；（考試等的）分數，成績；二十

e.g.The score of the football game is 5—0 這場足球比賽的比分是5 比0。【精彩總結】

1）score 與 dozen 與具體數字以及與many, a few, several等連用時，均不加“S”。score 后常帶有of, 而dozen 則不接of。

e.g.There are three score of students in the classroom.教室里有60 名學生。There are three dozen students here 這里有36 名學生。

注意：當 score 與 dozen 后面的名詞被 the，these，those 或形容詞性物主代詞修飾，表示的是整體中的一部分時，score 與dozen 后面都要接of + the +可數名詞復數。e.g.Three score of the students are girls Three dozen of the students are boys

2）表示不確定的概念時，經常采用scores of 和 dozens of 來表示許多的，大量的，只修飾可數名詞復數。She has been to Beijing scores of times.她去過北京好多次。【趁熱打鐵】

The woman feeds several _______ hens in her chicken farm.A.scores of

B.scores

C.score of

D.score [答案：C] 3 You will go without your friend 你不帶你的朋友去。go without： 沒有…也行 ；沒有…也勉強能應付 e.g.The man can’t go without cigarettes.這人不吸煙不行。【趁熱打鐵】

There is no money for a holiday this year;we’ll have to _______ it.A.go on

B.go over

C.go without

D.go for [答案：C] 4.When he /she borrowed it last time, he /she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired.他/她上次借用你的攝像機時，把它弄壞了，你必須付錢修理。I.pay 付款

She paid the driver and got out of the taxi.她付錢給司機后下了出租車。

【同義詞辨析】pay, cost, take, spend pay 其主語是人，常用于pay for結構中。

cost 常用事物作主語,一般不用于被動式。后面可接雙賓語。take 常用于It takes sb.some time to do sth.spend 常用于spend ? in(doing sth.)或on sth.結構中。【趁熱打鐵】

1）The pen ______ me three dollars.2)I ______ three dollars on the pen.3)I _______ three dollars for the pen.4)It _______ them three months to build the bridge.[答案：1）cost;2)spent;3)paid;4)took ]

II.get it repaired ：get sth.done;相當于have sth.done.The washing machine doesn’t work.I’ll get it repaired.洗衣機壞了，我得找人修理一下。

還可用于get sb.to do sth.和get sb.doing sth.結構中。【趁熱打鐵】

1）Let me try now.I’ll get the car ______(go).2)When are you going to get your hair ______(cut).3)I’ll get him ______(do)the work.[答案：1）going;2）cut;3)to do ] 5.You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him /her but you have to go to class.你會告訴你的朋友你為他/她而擔心，但是你必須去上課。be concerned about ：be worried about 為?而擔心 We’re all concerned about her safety.我們都為她的安全擔憂。【發散思維】

concern n.擔心，掛念，后常跟about /for。

She showed a lot of concern for her daughter’s illness.她非常擔心她女兒的病情。

vt.(事情)與?有關；使操心

That doesn’t concern us.那與我們無關。

6.You friend has gone on holiday and asked you to take care of his or her dog

你的朋友去度假了，要你照顧他/她的狗。take care of 照顧照看，相當于look after The children are taken good care of in the nursery school.孩子們在托兒所里受到良好的照顧。

take care 單獨用表示 “小心”，“當心”，相當于look out/be careful e.g.Look out(take care;be careful)！Here comes the bus.7.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗時，你不小心，狗沒了韁繩的束縛，被車撞著了。

I.walk vt.遛（動物）；陪（人）步行

Grandpa walks the dog every day.爺爺每天都去遛狗。

I’ll walk you to the station.我陪你走到車站。

II.while walking the dog : 相當于while you were walking the dog 的省略。

You were too careless while(you were)driving.你開車時太粗心大意了。III.loose: 未系著的，解除束縛的 The horses were loose in the field.那群馬在原野中被解除了韁繩。8.tell him /her to look at someone else’s paper.告訴他/她看其他人的試卷。

else adj.其他的，其余的

e.g.I want to tell you something else.我想告訴你其他事情。

Who else wants to go?

還有誰想去？

【同義詞辨析】else, other, rest else 常用在疑問詞和不定代詞之后，后可加’s 表示所屬關系。

other 通常放在名詞前面作定語，也可當作代詞使用。

rest 通常與the 連用，后常有of短語，the rest 相當于代詞。

【趁熱打鐵】

1）We need ten _______ chairs.2)There are ______ ways of doing this exercise.3)This must be someone ______ fault.4)Where ______ did you go? 5）Five of them are from England, and _______ are from the U.S.A.[答案：1）other;2)other;3)else’s;4)else;5)the rest/the others] 【點擊高考】

－I hear they aren’t pleased with the house you’ve chosen for them.－Well ,_______ could they live in such comfort? [NMET 2003北京，27]

A.Where else

B.what else

C.how

D.why

[答案：A] 9.Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you I.reason n.原因, 理由

What is the reason for your being late? 【同義詞辨析】reason, cause, excuse

reason 指以理解某事而提出的理由，與所發生的事情不一定有邏輯上的因果關系，經常與for 連用，來表示“?的原因”。

cause 指直接導致事情發生的起因，與所發生的事情有因果關系，經常與of 連用，來表示“?的起因”。

excuse 指推卸責任而尋求的理由、借口。【趁熱打鐵】

1）The ______ of the fire was carelessness.2)He refused to explain his ________.3）He made a good ______ for breaking the regulation.[答案：1）cause;2)reason(s);3）excuse] II.the reason why friends are important to you

朋友對你很重要的原因

e.g.The reason why he was late is that he got up late

他來晚的原因是他起床晚了。【趁熱打鐵】

The reason _______she was absent is ______ she was ill.A.why;because B.for which;because C.why;that

D.for that;because [答案：C] 【點擊高考】

－I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke.I was so tired.－There is no ______ for this while you are on duty.[NMET 2003北京，29] A.reason

B.excuse

C.cause

D.explanation [答案：B 在值班過程中，任何不符合規定的所謂“理由”都是一種“借口”。]

10.What do you think a good friend should be like? what is sb / sth.like? “ ?什么樣?” 可以問(人的)外表，也可以問（人的）品質

e.g.－ what is Mike like?

－He is kind/ handsome.

第二篇：高一英語人教版必修1unit1重點短語

高一英語人教版必修1《短語》回顧

Unit1

1._____up加起來

2._____sb．down使某人鎮定下來

3.be ____about關心

4._____the dog遛狗

5._____in the exam考試作弊

6.make a_____ of列出理由

7._____sth._____ sb．與某人共事某物

8.go_____經歷、穿過

9.grow_____ about對……癡迷

10.a _____of一系列

11._____away躲藏

12.in_____ to為了

13.on_____故意地

14._____ to根據

15.face _____face面對面

16._____ _____love with sb.愛上某人

17.put_____收好、放好

18.be_____ among／with受……喜歡

19.get_____ well with sb.與某人相處得好

20.make an_____ to do sth.努力去做某事

21._____in the discussion加入討論

22.pay_____ to注意

23._____a diary寫日記

24.set_____記下、寫下

25.have _____to不得不

Keys:

Unit1

1.add2.calm3.concerned4.walk5.cheat6.list;reasons7.share;with

8.through9.crazy10.hide11.series12.purpose13.order14.to15.according 16.away17.fall in18.along/on19.popular20.effort21.join22.attention 23.keep

24.down25.got

第三篇：高一英語必修

高一英語必修②Unit 1期末復習題

一.單詞拼寫

1.These small animals must store plenty of food if they are to s_________ the winter.2.There is a beautiful garden over there.Do you know whom it b__________ to.3.She took a ________ candle into the room, and the dark room lit up at once.4.This coat is of the latest s________.5.In my o_________, he is not the right person for the job.6.Do you have enough e_________ to prove that you are right?

7.Don’t _________ not to know me, actually you know me very well.8.We couldn’t go for a walk because I have no time, b_________, it rains heavily.9.He s___________ all the street, but could not find his dear parents.10.As is known, the Great wall is one of the w___________ of the world.11.In the accident, only two people s__________ at last.12.The building is specially d__________ for the homeless people.13.Tom has bought a new house, he needs to buy some f___________ before he moves into it.14.His father works on a ship, he is a s________.15.This is a r_______ coin, so it’s very valuable.二．翻譯下列單詞或短語

1.作為對……的報答 2.處理

3.充當，擔任4.與……處于戰爭狀態

5.尋找6.屬于

7.調查，朝……里面看 8.而不是，而非

9.迷路，丟失 10.同意（某人的看法）

11.高度評價 12.拆開

13.毫無疑問 問題的答案

三．定語從句專練習: 用恰當的關系詞填空。

1.Do you know the place __________ he borrowed the book?

2.He talked about the teachers and schools ________ he had visited.3.Some of the roads were flooded, ________ made our journey more difficult.4.The novel ________ you’re interested was written by Mark Twain.5._________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.6.Hangzhou is a beautiful city, ________is often called the Heaven of the Earth.7.Yesterday I met an old friend, ___________had a gift of music when he was young.8.I will never forget those three years, during____________ time I learned a lot about life.9.____ is reported, Chinese team won the final.10.I bought all the food in the shop, much of_______________ was given out to the poor.11.I never forget this summer vacation, ___________I spent the happy days with my friends.12.He is talking about the great woman, _________films have been on in

many cities.四.單項選擇.1.As a result of the report many villagers rushed to the mountain ________ gold.A.in search ofB.in the search ofC.to searchD.searching

2.-----What has Tom been doing recently?------I didn’t know, ________ care.A.nor do IB.nor I doC.neither am ID.neither I am

3.This book will _______ to the students of English.A.be of great valueB.be of great valuableC.be great valueD.be of

very value

4.In the paper factory, trees are cut into pieces and pulped, then the pulp is

_______ paper.A.made ofB.made fromC.made intoD.made

up of

5.I don’t like the way ______ you speak to her.A./B.in thatC.whichD.of which

6.What he did ______ what he said moved us.A.more thanB.rather thanC.less thanD.no

more than

7._______ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_______ the

First World.A.Which;belonging toB.As;belongingC.What;belonging toD.It;

belonging

8.We don’t doubt______ he can do a good job of it.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.why

9.The woman, when _______ how her husband was injured, began to cry.A.askedB.to askC.askingD.ask

10.------Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today?

------Something _________ to him.A.must happenB.should have happened

C.could have happenedD.must have happened

11.Never in my life ______ the lesson he gave me.A.I will forgetB.will I forgetC.had I forgetD.did I

forget

12.I’m afraid that I don’twhat you said.A.agree toB.agree onC.agree withD.agree about

13.He was by his colleagues though he himself didn’t think he had done

anything special.A.thought little ofB.thought poorly

C.thought highly ofD.thought highly

五.短文改錯

Long long ago, people had gather leaves and1.fruit of plants to eat with.They didn’t know how2.to plant crops or how to keep animals for their3.food.We call them Stone Age people.Thing for4.them were terrible and hard.Now there have still5.some people living liked those Stone Age people.6.They live in places that are hard reach.They do not7.know of our invention, for they keep themselves8.away our civilized world.For many years a group of9.people call Aruntas have lived alone in the center10.參考答案：

一.單詞拼寫

1.survive2.belongs3.lighted4.style5.opinion6.evidence7.pretend

8.besides9.searched10.wonders11.survived12.designed13.furniture

14.sailor15.rare

二．翻譯下列單詞或短語

1.in return for2.do with/deal with3.serve as4.be at war with

5．In search of6.belong to7.look into8.rather than

9.get lost10.agree with11.think/speak highly of12.take

apart

13.(there is)no doubt that14.the answer to the question

三．定語從句專練習: 用恰當的關系詞填空。

1.where2.that3.which4.in which5.As6.which

7.who8.which9.As10.which11.when12.whose

四.單項選擇.1-5 AAACA6-10 BBBAD11-13 BCC

五.短文改錯

1.had改為had to 2.去掉with

為are

6.liked改為like 7.reach改為to reach 8.invention改為inventions

10.call 改為called3.√4.Thing改為things 5.have 改9.away 后加from

第四篇：高一英語必修一知識點總結(家教)

高一英語各單元知識點總結及重難點解析Unit1-2 ☆重點句型☆

1.What should a friend be like? 詢問對方的看法 2.I think he / she should be?表示個人觀點的詞語

3.I enjoy reading / I'm fond of singing / I like playing computer games.等表示喜好的詞語 4.Chuck is on a flight when suddenly his plane crashes.“when“作并列連詞的用法

5.What / Who / When / Where is it that...? 強調句的 特殊疑問句結構

6.With so many people communicating in English everyday，...“with+賓語+賓補”的結構做狀語

7.Can you tell me how to pronounce...? 帶連接副詞

(或代詞)的不定式做賓補的用法 ☆重點詞匯☆ 1.especially v.特別地 2.imagine v.想像

3.alone adv./ adj.單獨，孤獨的 4.interest n.興趣

5.everyday adj.每天的，日常的 6.deserted adj.拋棄的 7.hunt v.搜尋 8.share v.分享

9.care v.在乎，關心 10.total n.總數

11.majority n.大多數 12.survive v.生存，活下來 13.adventure n.冒險 14.scared adj.嚇壞的 15.admit v.承認

16.while conj.但是，而 17.boring adj.令人厭煩的 18.except prep.除??之外 19.quality n.質量

20.favourite adj.最喜愛的 ☆重點短語☆ 1.be fond of愛好

2.treat?as?把??看作為??

3.make friends with 與??交朋友

4.argue with sb.about / over sth.與某人爭論某事 5.hunt for尋找 6.in order to為了

7.share?with與??分享 8.bring in引進；賺錢

9.a great / good many許多? 10.have difficulty(in)doing做??有困難 11.end up with以??結束 12.except for除??之外 13.come about發生 14.make(a)fire生火

15.make yourself at home別拘束 16.the majority of大多數 17.drop sb.a line給某人寫短信 18.for the first time第一次 19.at all根本；竟然

20.have a(good)knowledge of?精通?? ☆短語闖關☆

下列短語都是這兩個單元學過的重要短語，請你根據漢語在橫線上填人一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才能過關，你一定能過關，做好了闖關的準備嗎?那么我們就開始吧? l.be fond ____ 喜歡，愛好 of 2.hunt ____

搜索。追尋，尋找 for 3.in to ____ 為了 order

4.care ____ 擔心，關心 about 5.such ____ 例如，諸如 as

6.drop sb a ____ 給某人寫信(通常指寫短信)line 7.make oneself at ____ 別客氣 home 8.____ total 總共 in

9.except ____ 除了??之外 for 10.stay ____

不睡，熬夜 up 11.____ about 發生 come 12.end ____ with 以??告終 up 13.bring ____ 引進，引來 in

14.a great ____

許許多多，極多 many 15.be ____

對??深感興趣，深深迷上?? into 16.____ the Internet 上網 surf 17.____ classes 逃學，逃課 skip 18.get ____

聚會，相聚，聚集 together 19.be proud ____

為??感到驕傲 of 20.keep an ____ on

照看，注意 eye 21.be curious ____

對??感到好奇 about 22.shut ____

(使)住口 up 23.joke ____

開玩笑 about 24.____ the name of 以??名義 in 25.____ the time 總是，一直 all ☆交際用語☆ 1.I think…

I like / love / hate...I enjoy...My interests are...2.Did you have a good flight?

You must be very tired.Just make yourself at home.I beg your pardon?

Can you tell me how to pronounce...?

Get it.☆單詞聚焦☆

1.argue v.的用法

▲構詞：argument n.1.[C]爭論 2.[U]討論．辯論3.[C]論據 ▲搭配：

① argue with / against sb.over / on / about sth.與某人爭論某事 ② argue for / against sth.辯論贊成／反對某事

③ argue that...主張，認為，爭辯說

④ argue sb into / out of doing sth.說服某人做／不做某事

▲友情提示：“說服某人做／不做某事”還可表達為：talk / persuade / reason sb.into / out of doing sth.⑤ settle the argument 解決爭端

▲友情提示：an argument with sb about / over sth.為某事和某人而發生的爭執

【考例】What laughing ____ we had about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti(意大利式細面條)from plate to mouth.(2004全國卷I)

A.speeches

B.lessons C.sayings D.arguments [考查目標] argue名詞形式的詞義。

[答案與解析] D argument的詞義是“爭辯，辯論”。2.compare v.的用法

▲構詞：comparison n.比較

▲搭配：① compare...to...比擬；比作② compare...with / to...將??和??相比較③ compare notes 對筆記；交換意見

【考例】 ____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(2004湖北)

A.Compare

B.When comparing

C.Comparing

D.When compared [考查目標] compare的用法。

[答案與解析] D 本句compare用在句首作狀語，并有“被比較”的意思。3.consider v.的用法

▲構詞：consideration n.考慮，思考；體諒，顧及

▲搭配：① consider doing sth.考慮做某事② consider sb(to be / as)...認為／覺得某人??③ consider that-clause 認為??④ take sth into consideration 考慮⑤ under consideration 在考慮中

【考例】Charles Babbage is generally considered ____ the first computer.(NMET 1993)

A.to invent

B.inventing

C.to have invented

D.having invented [考查目標] consider的幾種常見用法。

[答案與解析] C consider本身是被動語態時，后接不定式的各種結構。如果表示已經發生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。4.deserted adj.空無一人的；被遺棄的；被拋棄的

(1)空無一人的a deserted street / area空無一人的街道，地區；The office was quite deserted.辦公室里空無一人。

(2)被遺棄的a deserted child 被遺棄的孩子(3)desert ['dezot] n.沙漠

desert [dI'zo:t] vt.丟棄；遺棄

He deserted his wife and children after becoming rich.5.difficulty n.(1)difficulty(通常作復數)難事，難點，難題She met with many difficulties when travelling.(2)在以下句型中，difficulty是不可數名詞，不能用復數形式。have(some)difficulty(in)doing sth.干某事有困難

there is(some)difficulty(in)doing sth.have(some)difficulty with sth.在某事上有困難

there is(some)difficulty with sth.do sth.with difficulty / without difficulty 困難地／輕而易舉地做某事

We had a lot of difficulty in finding your house.Do you have any difficulty with your English? 【注意】

(1)以上句型中，difficulty前可加some, little, much, a lot of, no, any修飾

(2)以上句型中，亦可用trouble來代替difficulty。6.favourite = favorite(A.E)最喜愛的；最喜愛的人或事物

(1)adj.最喜愛的My favorite sport is playing football.(2)n.[C] 最喜愛的人或事物He is a favorite with his uncle.7.fun的用法

▲構詞：funny adj.有趣的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇特的，古怪的

▲搭配：

① make fun of 取笑；嘲弄；開某人的玩笑

②(just)for / in fun =(just)for the fun of it 取樂，非認真地，說／做著玩的 ③ be full of fun??很好玩

④ have fun with sb.和某人開一個玩笑

⑤ have(some)fun 玩得(很)高興，玩得(很)開心

⑥ It's(great)fun to do sth干某事很有趣；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真開心 ⑦ What fun(it is)to do sth!干某事多么有趣呀!⑧ have a lot of fun doing sth 干某事玩得很開心

【考例】(200上海春招)This is not a match.We're play-ing chess just for ____.A.habit

B.hobby

C.fun

D.game [考查目標] fun構成的短語for fun的意思。

[答案與解析]C，for fun 常在句中用作狀語，意思是“說／做著玩的”。8.imagine的用法

▲構詞：① imagination n.[C / U] 想像，想像力，想像的事物② imaginative adj.富有想像力的

▲搭配：① imagine sth / doing sth ② beyond(all)imagination(完全)出乎意料地 【考例】 I can hardly imagine Peter ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(MET 1991)

A.sail

B.to sail

C.sailing

D.to have sailed [考查目標] imagine的基本用法。

[答案與解析] C imagine后接動詞的-ing形式，本句的Peter是這個動名詞的邏輯主語。9.interest的用法

interest vt.使??感興趣 n.興趣，愛好 [U] 利息；利潤 He has a great interest in politics.他對政治極感興趣。/ a broad interest 廣泛的利益 / a common interest 共同的利益 / a strong interest 極強的興趣

▲構詞：① interesting 令人感興趣的(事物)② interested(某人對某事)有興趣的

▲搭配：① interest sb in sth 使某人注意，關心或參入某事；使某人對某事感興趣② be interested in 對??感興趣(關心)③have an interest in sth./ in doing sth.對某方面有興趣(關心)；在??中有股份、權益等④ hold one's interest 吸引住某人的興趣⑤ in the interest(s)of 為??利益；為??起見；對??有利⑥ lose interest in 對??不再感興趣⑦ show / take(an)interest in / in doing sth.對??表示關心(有興趣)⑧ have / take / feel no interest in 對??不(不太)感興趣⑨ with interest 有興趣地，津津有味地⑩develop / find / feel interest in sth./ in doing sth.在某方面培養／有興趣 ? lose interest in sth./ in doing sth.對某方面失去興趣

有時interest可與不定冠詞連用。He developed an interest in science.另外：interest作“愛好”解時，是可數名詞。His interests include reading and tennis.【考例】____, they immediately suggested that she put them together to make a single one long story and paid Tracy a $50,000 advance.(2004全國卷 II)

A.Interested

B.Anxiously

C.Seriously

D.Encouraged [考查目標] interest派生詞的詞義和用法。

[答案與解析] A interested指(出版商)對這件事有興趣。10.prove的用法

▲構詞：① proof n.證據。試驗，考驗，(印刷)校樣

▲搭配：① prove sth to sb 向某人證實??② prove to sb that 從句向某人證實??③ prove(oneself)to be 證明(自己)是，表現出

【考例】It was in the neighboring country — United States that such resistance to spray was first ____.(05長春模擬)

A.proved

B.killed

C.thought

D.discussed [考查目標] 考查prove的意思。

[答案與解析] A 本題was proved的意思是“得到證實”，有被動意味。

11.provide的用法

▲構詞：① provider n.供給者，供應者，養家者② provided / providing conj.倘若 ▲搭配：provide sb with sth / sth to sb 給??提供；以??裝備

【考例】His son ____ the old man with all the food and the money he needed.A.provided

B.fed

C.afforded

D.charred [考查目標]考查provide的詞義。

[答案與解析]A provide與with搭配，意思是“向某人提供某物”。

12.share的用法 ▲搭配：① share(in)sth.with sth.和某人分享、分擔、共用某物② share sth(out)between / among...將某物分配、分給??③ share joys / happiness and sorrows(with sb)(和某人)同甘共苦④ share one's opinion 同意某人的意見

【考例】Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare — you must learn to ____.(NMET 2000)

A.support

B.care

C.spare

D.share [考查目標] 此題主要考查在語境中選擇動詞的能力。

[答案與解析] D 四個選項的含義分別為：support 支持；care 在意，關心；spare 擠出(時間)，勻出某物；share分享，分擔，與某人合用。根據語境可知說話者是想讓Clare學會與人共享——把玩具(拿出來)和Harry一起玩，share在此意為“合用玩具”，解此題的關鍵是信息play with your toys as well。故D為最佳答案。13.solve的用法

▲構詞：solution n.1.[C](問題的)解答；(困難的)解決方法 2.[U] 解答，解決 3.[U] 溶解 ▲搭配：the solution to 解決??的辦法

【考例3】In the end, one suggestion seems to be the solution ____ the problem.(2001北京春招)

A.with

B.into C.for

D.to [考查目標] solve名詞solution的相關搭配。[答案與解析] D “對于??的解決辦法”，介詞用to。

14.total n./ adj.全部(的)

(1)in total 加起來In total, there must have been 20000 people there.(2)a total of 總共His expenses(支出)reached a total of $100.(3)the total of...??的總數 The total 0f the bill is 230 dollars.15.when conj.when并列連詞，= and then，表示“就在那時，突然”，常見以下句型中：

(1)be doing...when...正在做??突然??I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop.(2)had done...when...剛做了??突然??I had just sat down when the light went out.(3)be about to do...when...剛要做??突然??I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.16.while conj.(1)while從屬連詞，引導時間狀語從句，從句動詞用延續性動詞，主句的動作發生在從句動作發生的過程之中。Come on, get these things away while I make the tea.(2)并列連詞，表前后兩個分句意義相反或相對，意為“然而”。Some people waste food while others haven't enough.(3)放在句首，表示“盡管；雖然”，相當于although。While we don't agree, we continue to be friendly.[牛刀小試1] 用所給單詞的適當形式填空：

(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)1.All the novels are considered ____ the young readers in the 1980s.(to have interested)2.Bob thought it ____ to solve maths problems while others hated it.(fun)

3.The headmaster ignored the ____ between Mrs.Wang and his nephew.(argument)4.We can't decide.The plan needs to be ____.(considered)5.____ with Class Two, ours has more boy students.(Compared)6.I find a better way ____ this problem.(to solve)7.Nearly half of the companies ____ the same opinion with the government.(share / shared)【詞語比較】 1.especially, specially especially adv.特殊地；尤其是

(1)側重于多種事物或人中比較突出的。I like all the subjects at school, especially English.(尤其是英語)

(2)especially 后可接介詞短語或從句。I like the Yuelu Mountains, especially in spring.(尤其是在春天)Noise is unpleasant, especially when you are trying to sleep.specially 側重特意地、專門地做某事(后面常接for sb.或to do sth.)I made a chocolate cake specially for you.2.boring, bored, bore boring adj.令人厭煩的 The book is very boring.bored adj.感到厭煩的 I'm bored with the book.bore vt.令人厭煩

This book bores me.有些表示情感的及物動詞，有與bore類似的用法。如：interest, excite, surprise, amaze, frighten, astonish, move, inspire, touch, scare, disappoint, puzzle, worry 這類詞的現在分詞形式，為“令人??”；過去分詞形式，為“感到??”。3.except for, except, but, besides 表示“除了”的詞或短語有：except;but;except for;besides;except that(when...)等。

(1)except 和 but 都表示“除了??之外。沒有”，二者大多數情況下可以互換；但在no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等詞后多用 but。No one knows our teacher's address except / but him.(排除him)

(2)besides 除??之外，還??，有附加性。What other foreign languages do you know besides English?(English與other languages都屬于know的范圍)

(3)except for 只不過??，整體肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同類事物，for表示細節上的修正。Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.4.know, know of, know about

(1)know 用作動詞，意思是“(直接地)獲知，懂得，認識，熟悉”。I don't know whether he is here or not./ I know him to be honest.(2)know of和know about的意思都是“(間接地)獲知”，指聽別人說到或從書報上看到，二者沒有什么區別。5.for example;such as

(1)for example“例如”，用來舉例說明某一論點或情況。一般只舉同類人或物中的“一個”為例，作插入語，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用for instance替換。For example, air is invisible./ His spelling is terrible!Look at this word, for example.(2)such as “例如”，用來列舉事物，一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間，as后面不可有逗號。Some of the European Languages come from Latin, such as French, Italian and Spanish.[注意]如把前面所述情況全部舉出，用that is或namely。☆短語歸納☆ 1.含all的短語

1)first of all 首先(強調順序)2)in all(=in total=altogether)總共 3)after all 畢竟，終究 4)at all 到底，根本

5)above all 最重要的是(強調重要性)6)not(...)at all(= not(...)in the least)根本不，一點也不 7)all the time 始終，一直

8)all of a sudden(=suddenly)突然，冷不防 9)all right 行，可以

10)all at once 立劉，馬上 11)all day and all night 日日夜夜 12)all over 遍及

13)all alone 獨個兒，獨立地 14)all but 幾乎，差一點 15)all in all 總的說來

16)all together 一道，同時，總共 17)for all 盡管

[例句] I woke up and didn't hear him at all.我醒了，一點兒也沒有聽到他說話。/ He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他摔了很多跤，以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊的。/ You shouldn't scold her.After all, she is only five years old.你不應該責怪他，畢竟，她只有五歲。/ Children need many things, but above all, they need love.孩子需要許多東西，最重要的是，需要愛。/ You must have known it all the time.你一定一直知道這事。

【考例】 People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her.____, she is a great musician.(2004甘肅、青海)

A.After all B.As a result C.In other words D.As usual [考查目標] 主要考查四個短語的用法。

[答案與解析] A after all意為“畢竟．終究”；as a result意為“結果”；in other words意為“換句話說”；as usual意為“像往常一樣”。本句意思是：雖然人們對她看法不一。但我還是佩服她。因為她畢竟是一個偉大的音樂家。

【考例】I'd like to buy a house--modern, comfortable, and ____ in a quiet neighborhood.(2004福建)

A.in all

B.above all

C.after all

D.at all [考查目標] 主要考查all構成的四個短語。[答案與解析] B

in all意為“總共”；above all意為“最重要的是”； after all 意為“畢竟”；at all 意為“到底”。本句話意思是：我想買一個房子，現代的、舒服的，但最重要的是在一個安靜的地區。2.at all

(1)用在肯定句中，“竟然” I'm surprised that you came at all.(2)用在否定句中，“一點也不” There was nothing to worry about at all.(3)用在疑問句中，“到底”“究竟” Have you been there at all?

(4)用在條件句中，“真的，確實” If you do it at all, do it well.3.含“be + 形容詞 + 介詞”的短語 1)be good at 擅長于

2)be interested in 對??感興趣

3)be pleased / satisfied / content with 對??滿意 4)be famous for 因??而出名 5)be kind / good to 對??好 6)be lost in 沉湎于

7)be active in 在某方面積極 8)be sure about / of 確信 9)be afraid of 害怕 10)be full of 充滿 11)be filled with 充滿

12)be made of / from 由??組成 13)be generous to 對??慷慨 14)be popular with 受歡迎 15)be confident of 確信 16)be fond of 喜歡，喜愛

17)be angry with / at 對??發脾氣 18)be late for 遲到

19)be amazed / surprised / astonished / shocked at 對??感到驚訝 20)be busy doing 忙著做??

21)be excited about 對??感到興奮 22)be worried about 擔心 23)be used for / as 用于

24)be curious about 對??好奇

[例句] Lin Lin is confident of his ability to get work for himself.林林確信自己有能力做這活。He was generous to everybody with money, as a result, he saved little.他對誰花錢都很慷慨，結果沒有攢到多少錢。She is very active in helping the poor.在幫助窮人方面，她很熱心。Pop music is popular with the young generation.流行歌曲受年輕一代的歡迎。Lost in thought, he didn't realize that I came in.他陷入思考之中，沒有意識到我進來了。I was amazed at the sight so that I didn't know what to do.看到這一幕我非常驚訝，不知道該做什么。Students in Senior 3 are busy preparing for the coming final exam.高三學生在忙于準備即將到來的期末考試。【考例l】(2005重慶)--You know, Bob is a little slow ____ understanding, so...--So I have to be patient ____ him.A.in;with

B.on;with

C.in;to

D.at;for [考查目標] 同定搭配中介詞的選擇。

[答案與解析] A

be slow in 意為“在??方面反應遲鈍”，be patient with 意為“對??有耐心”。

4.end up with...以??結束

(1)end up with + n.以??結束

The party ended up with the singing of Auld Lang Syne.(2)end up as...最后成為?He will end up as a president some day.(3)end up + 地點狀語最后(有??結局)If you drive your car like that, you'll end(up)in hospital.5.“make + 名詞”短語 ① make a noise 吵鬧

② make faces 做鬼臉，做苦臉 ③ make room for 給??騰出地方 ④ make the bed 整理床鋪 ⑤ make phone calls 打電話 ⑥ make friends with 交朋友 ⑦ make money 賺錢

⑧ make use of 利用

⑨ make a decision 做出決定 ⑩ make a mistake 犯錯誤

[例句] The boy made a face at his teacher when she turned her back.老師轉身時，男孩朝老師做了個鬼臉。

Working in the kitchen made the boy into a good cook.在廚房里干活使男孩成為一位優秀廚師。

They were moved out to a nearby hotel, to make room for more important persons.為了給更重要的人物騰出

地方，他們被搬到了附近的一家旅店。

【考例】 The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____.(2003北京春招)

A.make it out

B.make it off

C.make it up

D.make it over [考查目標] 主要考查make短語。

[答案與解析] A make out意為“領悟、弄明白、發現真相” make off 意為“連忙跑掉”；make up 意為“彌補、打扮、組成”；make over 意為“轉讓、改造”。因為受到迷惑，所以應該是試圖發現真相。【考例】

--When shall we start?--Let's ____ it at 8:30.Is that all right?(2002北京)

A.set

B.meet

C.make

D.take [考查目標] 此題主要考查 make 短語。

[答案與解析] C make it“規定時間”為固定短語。本句話意思是“把出發的時間定在8點半”。set意思是“對時間”、“調時間”。6.make fire點火

有以下fire(n.)短語: be on fire 著火了(表示狀態)/ catch fire 燃著；著火(表示動作)/ play with fire 玩火；干冒險的事 / Set sth.on fire = set fire to sth.放火燒?? / make(a)fire 點火；生火 / start(cause)a fire引起火災

[注意] fire作“火災”“一堆火”解時，為可數名詞。7.a great / good many許多

(1)a great / good many + 名詞復數，中間無“of”。A great many people have seen the film.(2)a great / good many + of + the / these / those / one's + 名詞復數 A great many of the people have seen the film.8.make yourself at home 別拘束

(1)make yourself at home 別拘束(主人對客人說的委婉語)--Good evening, Jim.--Good evening, Mary.Come in and make yourself at home.(2)(all)by oneself 獨自(沒有別人幫助)You can't possibly do it all by yourself.(3)enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得高興 Please enjoy yourself while you're spending your holiday in Hawaii.(4)for oneself 親自;為自己The student wants to think it for himself./ One should not live for oneself alone.(5)of oneself 自動地The door closed of itself suddenly.(6)be oneself 身體或情緒好 I am not myself today.(7)help oneself to + n./ pron.隨便?? Please help yourself to the fish．

(8)in oneself 本身 This is not a bad idea in itself.(9)come to oneself 蘇醒The injured man came to him-self in five minutes.(10)between ourselves 私下說的話 All this is between ourselves.9.the majority of...大多數的??

(1)a / the majority of + 名詞復數，作主語時，謂語動詞多用復數。the majority 單獨作主語，謂語動詞用單數或復數形式均可。The majority of people seem to prefer watching games to playing games./ The majority were(was)in favour of the proposal.(2)by a majority of + 數字，以超過??票的多數She won the election by a majority of 900 votes.10.treat ? as ?把?看做? The kind lady treated me as her own daughter.【比較】表示“認為”的短語還有：

regard…as…

consider…(as)…

think of…as…

look on / upon…as…

take…for…

[注意] 在consider?as?短語中as可省略，其他短語中不可。

[牛刀小試2] 1.If you are ____ about Australian cities, just read the book written by Dr.Johnson.A.interested

B.anxious

C.upset

D.curious 2.Her son, ____ whom she was so ____, went abroad 10 years ago.A.of;loved

B.for;cared C.to;devoted

D.on;affected 3.In order to continue to learn by ourselves when we have left school, we must ____ learn how to study in the school now.A.in all

B.after all

C.above all

D.at all 4.--I am sorry I didn't do a good job.--Never mind.____, you have tried your best.A.Above all

B.In all

C.At all

D.After all 5.Since we can't find a bigger apartment, we'll have to ____ what we have.A.hope for the best

B.make room for C.make the best of

D.lay our hope on(DCCDC)【句型歸納】

1.I don't enjoy singing, nor do I like computers.我不喜歡唱歌，也不喜歡電腦。/ Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.搖滾音樂還可以，滑雪也行。

這兩句中nor與so用于倒裝結構。例如：I don't know, nor do I care.我不知道，也不關心。so的常見句型有：

(1)so + be / 助動詞 / 情態動詞 + 主語(意為“主語也??”)(2)neither / nor + be / 助動詞 / 情態動詞 + 主語(意為“主語也不??”)(3)so it is / was with sb / sth和so it is / was the same with sb / sth(意為“主語也??”)(用在前文有兩個或以上的從句，而且分句有不同的謂語或既有肯定又有否定以及既有系動詞義有行為動詞的情況)(4)so + 主語 + be / 助動詞 / 情態動詞(意為“主講確實如此”)，表示進一步肯定。(5)主語 + did + so(意為“主語按照吩咐做了”)。

【考例】 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____.(2005全國 III)A.so does John

B.John does too C.John doesn't too

D.nor does John [考查目標] nor表示“也不”引導的倒裝結構。

[答案與解析] D 由never可以判斷該句為否定句。空格處句意為“約翰也沒讀書”。nor, so, neither可引起倒裝句。

2.Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.查克是個生意人，他總是那么忙，幾乎沒有時間和朋友在一起。

該句中so...that...和such...that...都能連接結果狀講從句，但要注意詞序不同。例如：Joan is such a lonely girl that all of us like her.= She is so lovely a girl that we all like her.常見句型：

(1)such + a / an + 形容詞 + 單數可數名詞 + that clause(2)such + 形容詞 + 復數可數名詞 + that clause(3)such + 形容詞 + 不可數名詞 + that clause(4)so + 形容詞 + a / an + 單數可數名詞 + that clause(5)so + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that clause(6)so + many / few + 復數可數名詞 + that clause(7)so + much / little + 不可數名詞 + that clause 注意：①當little不表示數量“少”而表示“小”的意思時，仍然要用such。②當so + adj./ adv.或 such + n.位于句首時，主句需要倒裝。

【考例】 So difficult ____ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English.(2001上海)A.I have felt

B.have I felt

C.I did feel

D.did I feel [考查目標] so + adj.位于句首時，主句倒裝。

[答案與解析] D A、C語序不對，排除。B時態不對。

3.One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.一天，查克在飛越太平洋時．他的飛機突然墜毀了。該句中的“when”表示“正在這時”，相當于and just或and at that time.這時不能用while / as 替換。

常見句型：(1)be about to do sth when...(2)be doing sth when...(3)be on the point of doing sth when...【考例】We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started.(2004北京春招)A.when

B.while

C.until

D.before [考查目標] ”when“ 作連詞，表示“正在這時”。

[答案與解析] A 意為“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴風雨來了。”只有when才能用于這種句型。4.He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.他不得不學會收集淡水．尋找食物，生火什么的。

該句中的“how I to collect...”為動詞不定式短語作賓語。例如：We must decide which one to buy.疑問詞which, what, how, when, where等與小定式構成不定式短語。

【考例】 I've worked with children before, so I knew what ____ in my new job.(NMET 2000)A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects [考查目標] what to do sth 不定式短語作賓語。[答案與解析] B 該句需要填非謂語動詞。排除A、D。句意為“以前我與孩子在一塊兒工作過。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示進行，排除C。

5.In order to survive, Chuck developed a friendship with an unusual friend — a volleyball he called Wilson.為了生存下去，查克和一位不尋常的朋友--“排球”建立了友誼，查克叫他威爾森。

1.該句中的”in order to“，意思為“為了，以便”，作目的狀語。在句子中作同的狀語的常見句型有五種結構：to do sth / in order to do sth / so as to do sth / in order that clause / so that clause 注意：(1)so as to do sth 不能位于句首。(2)如果主句與從句的主語一致時，四個結構可以相互轉換。(3)在in order that / so that 引導的從句中，謂語動詞常與can, could, may, might 等情態動詞連用。

【考例】(2005北京)I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early ____ I can have time for a cup of tea.A.as soon as B.as a result

C.in case D.so that [考查目標] 目的狀語。

[答案與解析]D as soon as “一?就?”；as a result“結果是”；in case “萬一”；so that“以便，為的是”。句意：“我想提前二十分鐘到以便有時間喝杯茶”。2.該句子中 volleyball 是作同位語。例如：He advised farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones that had the best color.注意：這種同位語(不是同位語從句)與非限制性定語從句的區別。

【考例】(NMET 2002)Meeting my uncle after these years was an unforgotten moment, ____ I will always treasure.A.that

B.one

C.it

D.what [考查目標] one作同位語，指代a moment。

[答案與解析] B that不能引導非限制性定語從句，排除A；if不能作同位語，排除C；what既不能引導非限制定語從句，也不能作同位語。可以填which，這樣就成了非限制性定語從句。

6.For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.長期以來，美國英語保持不變，但英國英語變化了。1.該句中的“while”用作并列連詞．表示前后對比，意為“然而”。“while“充當連詞，還能引導時間狀語從句。意為“during the time that?”；引導讓步狀語從句，意為“although?”。2.該句中的 ”stay“ 為系動詞。后接表語(the same)。除了stay外，常見的系動詞還有: become, get, turn, grow, go, come, run, fall, keep, stay, remain。

【考例】(NMET 2003)Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will ____ fresh for several days.A.be stayed

B.stay C.be staying

D.have stayed [考查目標] 系動詞的用法。

[答案與解析] B 系動詞沒有被動語態，一般不用進行

時態，排除A、C；句意不是表示完成，排除D。系動詞表示狀態。7.for the first time 第一次

(1)for the first time 第一次，后面不加從句，在句中作狀語 They came to Beijing for the first time.(2)the first time 名詞短語，在從句中充當連詞，后接時間狀語從句，不接that，when等連詞。有同樣用法的短語還有：every time;next time;the last time They liked Beijing the first time they went there.(3)It's / This is the first time that + 從句(用現在完成時)這是??的第一次 It's the first time that I have ever been abroad at all.8.What is it that...? 是什么??? 強調句的用法：

(1)結構：It is / It was(過去時間)+ 被強調部分 + that / who(專指人)+ 其他部分

(2)用法：除了謂語動詞不能強調，句子的每部分均可強調。

Jim met the student in the street last week.主語賓語地點狀語時間狀語

強調主語：It was Jim who / that met the student in the street last week.強調賓語：It was the student whom / that Jim met in the street last week.強調地點狀語：It was in the street that Jim met the student last week.強調時間狀語：It was last week that Jim met the student in the street.(3)注意點：

一般疑問句的強調句：

Was it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now? 特殊疑問句的強凋句：

Who is it that will visit our class?

Where is it that he has gone?

When was it that she went?

not ? until ?用于強調句：

It was not until then that I realized I was wrong.[牛刀小試3] 1.--I would never ever come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!

--____.(2004廣西)A.Nor am I

B.Neither would I

C.Same with me

D.So do I

2.We can't imagine ____ little mice can eat up ____ many crops every year.A.so;so

B.such;so C.such;such D.so;so 3.Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park ____ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.A.when

B.while

C.since

D.once 4.It is said in Australia there is more land than the govern-ment knows ____.(NMET 2002)A.it what to do with

B.what to do it with C.what to do with it

D.to do what with it

5.Roses need special care ___they can live through winter.(2004 天津)A.because B.so that C.even if

D.as(BBACB)【交際速成】

1.Talking about likes and dislikes.談論喜歡和不喜歡--I enjoy Chinese food very much.--____.(03東北三校)A.Please taste quickly

B.Have more, please C.Help yourself

D.Eat slowly while it is hot [答案與解析]C本題主要考查具體語境下“對事物喜好”的表達及應答。A項不禮貌，B、D兩項屬漢語習慣，C項符合此時英語語境。

【歸納】英語中常見表達喜歡和不喜歡態度的用語有：(1)This book is very interesting.(2)I like / love the movie(very much).(3)I like / love to play computer games.(4)I like taking photos.(5)I enjoy listening to music.(6)I'm interested in science.My hobbies / interests are...(7)He is fond of music.(8)This song is bad / awful.(9)I don't like the movie very much / at all.(10)I don't enjoy collecting stamps.(11)I hate to do homework.I hate dancing,(12)I'm not into classic music.(13)I think that classic music is terrible / boring.2.Making apologies 道歉

--I'm sorry I'm calling you so late.--____ Okay.(2003北京春招)A.This is

B.You're

C.That's

D.I'm [答案與解析] C 本題主要考查英語中道歉及應答用語。A、B、D三項不符合交際英語的習慣，故C項正確。

【歸納】英語中常見道歉用語有：

(1)I'm very sorry.I didn't mean to(hurt your feelings).(2)I'm terribly sorry about that.(3)I'm afraid I've brought you too much trouble.(4)Please excuse me coming late.(5)Please forgive me.(6)Excuse me, please.(7)I beg your pardon.應答表達有：(1)That's / It's all right.(2)That's / It's OK.(3)Never mind.(4)It doesn't matter.(5)It's nothing.(6)Forget it.(7)Don't worry about that.(8)Don't mention it.3.Talking about language difficulties in communication 談論語言交際困難--I'm sorry.I can't catch you.____--OK, it's B—L—A—C—K.A.Would you please walk slowly?

B.I don't understand you．

C.What's the meaning of this word?

D.Would you please repeat it more slowly? [答案與解析] D本題主要考查語言交際困難的功能意念。catch 在整個語境中是“聽見，聽清”的意思，A項錯誤理解了catch 在此處的意思，B、C兩項語義不連貫，故正確答案是D。【歸納】英語中常見的談論語言交際困難的用語有：(1)Pardon? / I beg your pardon.(2)Sorry, I can't follow you.(3)Can you speak more slowly, please?(4)How do you say...in English.'?(5)I don't know how to say that in English.(6)I don't know the word in English.(7)How do you spell it, please?(8)I'm sorry I only know a little English.(9)Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that again, please?(10)What do you mean by killing time? [牛刀小試4] 1.--____ I didn't hear you clearly.It's too noisy here.--I was saying that the party was great.A.Repeat.B.Once again.C.Sorry?

D.So what? 2.--Do you like a house with no garden?--____.But anyhow, it's better to have one than none.A.Not a bit

B.Not a little C.Not really

D.Not specially 3.--I'm sorry for stepping on your foot?--____.A.It's OK

B.You are welcome C.It's your fault

D.Never you mind 4.--What you said at the meeting hurt me badly!--Sorry.But ____.A.I didn't mean it

B.I didn't mean to C.I don't mean it

D.I don't mean to 5.--You seem to show interest in cooking.--____? On the contrary, I'm tired of it.A.Really

B.Pardon

C.OK

D.What(CCABD)【精典題例】

1.--David has made great progress recently.--____, and ____.A.So he has;so have you

B.So has he;so have you

C.So he has;so you have

D.So has he;so you have 【解析】選A 答句中的he指David，不倒裝。“So have you”意為“你也一樣(取得了進步)”。2.Little ____ what others think.A.does he care about

B.care he about C.about he eared

D.about cared he 【解析】選A little為否定副詞，置于句首時，句子使用部分倒裝。

3.At school, what he enjoys ____ football.A.playing B.to play C.is playing D.played 【解析】選C what he enjoys為主語從句，謂語動詞為be，表語為playing football。不要誤以為playing是enjoy的賓語而誤選A。

4.At the ____news, all the women present burst out crying.A.unexpecting

B.disappointing

C.disappointed

D.interesting 【解析】選B聯系語境，所有在場的婦女都哭了，因此為disappointing”令人失望的(消息)”。5.He was about to tell me the secret ____ someone patted him on the shoulder.A.as

B.until

C.while

D.when 【解析】選D “when”表示“就在這時，突然”。6.The wolf said in a ____ voice and the scholar felt ____.A.frightening;frightened

B.frightened;frightened C.frightened;frightening

D.frightening;frightening 【解析】選A frightening“令人害怕”；frightened“感 到害怕”。

7.In our ____ life, English is ____ used.A.everyday;wide

B.everyday;widely C.every day;wide

D.every day;widely 【解析】選B everyday“日常的，每天的”；widely“廣泛地”。8.--Hello, Mary.I've got a girlfriend.--What's she like?--____.A.I don't know

B.She's like her mother, not father C.She likes music D.Not had!Quite pretty 【解析】選D表外表給人的印象。

9.The fire ____ for half an hour before the fire fighters arrived.A.had put out

B.was put out C.had been out

D.had broken out 【解析】選C be out“火熄滅”，表示狀態。

10.It has been suggested that the land ____ equally among the peasants.A.be shared

B.should be spared C.saved

D.be spent

【解析】選A suggest后用虛擬語氣。be shared前可 省略should。

11.She took ____ in physics and read ____ on the subject.A.interest;as books many as she could B.an interest;as many books as she could C.interested;as many books as she can D.interests;as books as she could 【解析】選B根據短語搭配和時態一致可知。12.--How's the young man?--____.A.He's twenty

B.He's a doctor C.He is much better

D.He's David 【解析】選C how is sb.“某人身體如何”。

13.Let Harry play with your toys as well.Clare, you must learn to ____.A.support

B.care

C.spare

D.share 【解析】選D share“分享”；support“支持”；care“在意”；spare“抽出(時間)。節余”。14.The new dress looks wonderful on you ____ the collar.A.besides B.except C.beside D.except for 【解析】選D“美中不足的是領子”，表示部分修正。15.--What about your classmate, Susan?--Our teacher ____ her a good and clever student.A.regards

B.believes C.suggests

D.considers 【解析】選D consider as?“認為??是??”，as可省略。

高一英語各單元知識點總結及重難點解析Unit3-4 ☆重點句型☆

1.Instead of spending your vacation on a bus,...you may want to try hiking.Instead和instead 0f的用法

2.Say ”Hi“ / ”Hello“ / ”Thanks“ to sb.(for me)問候的句型 3.Is anybody seeing you off? 進行時表將來

4.She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet.(= keep struggling)

5.You should not go rafting unless you know...unless引導條件狀語從句，相當于if...not 6.By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds.目的狀語從句

7.She was so surprised that she couldn't move.結果狀語從句 8.Tree after tree went down, cut down by water.過去分詞作狀語

9.The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden.現在分詞作狀語 10.However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her.It didn't take long before the building was destroyed.before的用法 ☆重點詞匯☆

1.means n.方法；途徑 2.experience n.經驗 3.equipment n.設備 4.successful adj.成功的 5.protect v.保護 6.handle v.處理 7.consider v.考慮 8.benefit n.利益 9.particular adj.特別的 10.effect n.效果 11.combine v.合并

12.unforgettable adj.不會忘記的 13.advance v.前進 14.seize v.抓住 15.struggle v.奮斗 16.fear v.& n.害怕 17.strike v.敲打 18.destroy v.毀掉 19.publish v.出版

20.naughty adj.調皮的 ☆重點短語☆

1.get away from 逃離

2.watch / look out 注意，當心

3.go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游 4.as with 正如??一樣 5.see off 為某人送行

6.on the other hand 在另一方面 7.take care of 照顧

8.get close / near to 接近，湊近9.tree after tree 一棵又一棵的樹 10.as wall as 也，和??一樣(好)11.protect?from 保護??不受??的傷害 12.be surprised at 因??而吃驚

13.be caught / trapped / struck in 被??困住 14.take place 發生

15.go through 通過，經過；經歷(痛苦的事)16.be upon 臨近，逼近17.hold on to 緊緊抓住

18.refer to 提到，說到；查詢(信息)19.look into 注視??的內部；檢查，調查 20.for fear of(doing)sth.惟恐?? ☆短語闖關☆

下列短語都是這兩個單元學過的重要短語，請你根據漢語在橫線上填入一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才能過關，你一定能過關．做好了闖關的準備嗎?那么我們就開始吧? l.get ____ from 逃離

away

2.watch ____ 注意，當心 out 3.protect sb / sth ____ 保護／保衛某人(某事物)from 4.see sb ____ 到火車站、飛機場等某處為某人送行 off 5.on the other ____ 另一方面 hand 6.as ____ as也，還，而且 well 7.____ place發生，產生 take 8.____ fire失火 on 9.pull sb ____ 把??往上拽 up 10.get ____ one's feet站立起來；站起身來 on 11.go ____ 通過，經受。仔細檢查 through 12.____ holiday在度假 on 13.travel ____ 旅行社代理人 agent 14.be ____ 逼近，臨近upon 15.____ exercise 進行體育鍛煉 take 16.____ ”Hi“ to sb for / from sb 代某人向某人問候 say 17.come ____ with提出 up 18.go ____ a hike 去遠足 for 19.be caught ____ 受困于??，陷于?? in 20.____ a second 馬上，一會兒 in 21.look ____ 往??里面看，調查 into 22.refer ____ 提到．涉及；參考 to 23.hold ____ 抓住，握住 onto 24.sweep ____ 沖走，刮走 away 25.sweep ____ 沖倒，吹倒 down ☆交際用語☆

1.Where would you prefer going...? 2.How would you like to go to...? 3.Have a nice / pleasant trip!4.Well, I must be off.5.It's all right． 6.I'm afraid.7.Come on!8.It scares me.9.Don't worry.10.First..., next..., then..., finally...☆單詞聚焦☆ 1.advance的用法

▲構詞：advanced adj.高等的．先進的，高深的 ▲搭配：

① in advance 在前頭，預先，事先

② in advance of 在??前面；比??進步；超過

③ on the advance(物價)在上漲

【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.A.improved B.developed C.advanced D.increased [考查目標] 本題考查形容詞advanced與近義詞的區別。

[答案與解析]C “高等數學”的英譯是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先進的。高級的”。

2.before 的特殊用法

(1)He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我還沒來得及攔住他，他就跑出了屋子。

(2)Three weeks went by before We knew it.三周過去了，我們才意識到。(或：時間不知不覺已過三周了。)

(3)It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他沒過多久就回來了。

It won't be long before we graduate.不要過多久我們就要畢業了。3.chance的用法

▲搭配：

① by any chance 萬一，碰巧，或許 ② by chance 偶然，意外地 ③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒險，碰碰運氣，利用一下機會

【考例6】(2005南京模擬)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.A.work

B.luck

C.chances

D.services [考查目標] chance的詞義。

[答案與解析] C

chance在本句的詞義是“機會”。4.consider v.(1)考慮

A)consider + n./ doing

I consider going abroad.B)consider + 疑問詞 + to do

You have to consider what to do next.(2)認為

A)consider + n.(+as / to be)+ n./ adj.I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.B)consider + n.+ to have done

I consider him to have acted disgracefully.除了consider?as?表認為外，還有regard?as ?，look on?as?，take?as?，think of?as? 5.cost的用法

▲構詞：costly adj.昂貴的，貴重的 ▲搭配：

① cost sb.sth.花費某人(多少錢)；讓某人付出(代價)／犧牲?? ② at all costs 不惜任何代價．無論如何 ③ at any cost 不惜任何代價，無論如何 ④ at cost(price)按成本價格，按原價

⑤ at the cost of 以??為代價，用??換來的；喪失；犧牲

【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.A.pay

B.spend

C.cost

D.waste [考查目標] 本題考查cost和它的幾個近義詞的區別。[答案與解析] C cost的意思是“耗費”，主語是指物的 名詞．而pay和spend等的主語是指人的名詞。6.effect n.效果；作用

have an effect on sth.His words had a great pushing effect on his students.(1)be of no effect 無效

(2)come into effect 開始生效；開始實行

[比較] affect vt.影響 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.7.experience的用法

▲構詞: experienced adj.有經驗的，熟練的 ▲搭配: ① by experience 憑經驗；從經驗中 ② from experience 憑經驗；從經驗中 ③ gain experience in?獲得??經驗

④ be experienced in?某方面有經驗

▲友情提示: experience這個詞作為可數名詞用時，解釋為“經歷”，作為不可數名詞用時解釋為“經驗”。

【考例】(2005山西模擬)____teaches that he was right.Good friendship is just not easily formed.A.Knowledge B.Teachers C.Experience D.Parents [考查目標] experience的意思。

[答案與解析] C

experience常為不可數名詞，意思是“經驗”。8.fear n.& vt.(1)n.恐懼(多作不可數名詞)

His face was growing pale with fear.憂慮；擔心的事(可數)

There is no reason for your fears.for fear of 由于怕??，以防

He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.for fear(that)惟恐；怕的是；以防

She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.in fear of 害怕；擔心

The thief was in fear of the police.(2)v.恐懼；害怕，接 n./ pron.Cats fear big dogs.恐懼；害怕，接to do

Don't fear to tell the truth.恐怕；擔心，接從句

She feared that she might not find him in his room.▲構詞：fearful adj.可怕的，嚴重的；懼怕的，膽怯的；擔心的，憂慮的 fearless adj.不怕的，大膽的，勇敢的，無畏的 ▲搭配：

① be in fear(of)(為??而)提心吊膽

② for fear of 因為怕；以免，怕的是

③ for fear that-clause 生怕；為了防止(某事發生)④ have a fear that-clause 擔心／怕(發生某事)⑤ with fear 嚇得，怕得

⑥ fear(vi.)for...擔心／憂慮??

【考例】(2004江蘇)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.A.in case of

B.instead of

C.for fear of

D.in search [考查目標] fear構成的短語的用法和意思。

[答案與解析]C

for fear of 常在句中作狀語，意思是“怕的是??。擔心??”。9.fun n.高興；樂趣；有趣的人或事

(1)for fun 為了高興；為著好玩

I only did it for fun.(2)make fun of 開??的玩笑；取笑

It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.[比較]

(1)laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑

It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.(2)play a joke on 開(某人的)玩笑 10.means n.手段；辦法

(1)by means of 用??；依靠??

The water may be carried by means of a pipe.(2)by all means 一定；務必；(表示同意)當然可以，沒問題：務必，無論如何，千方百計地

Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.(3)by no means 完全不是；一點也不；決不

This is by no means the first time you have been late.還有： by this means 用這種方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段 【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them-selves by ____ of evening job.A.ways

B.offers

C.means

D．helps [考查目標] by means of 短語的意思。

[答案與解析] C by means of 的意思是“通過某種手段”。11.normal adj.正常的；正規的 the normal temperature, normal behavior

(1)regular 規則的；有規律的

keep regular hours 生活有規律；按時作息

(2)common普通的；常見的

Tom is a common name in Britain.共有的；共同的 have a common interest 有著共同愛好

(3)usual 慣常的；慣例的

It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.(4)ordinary平凡的；普通的in ordinary dress 12.once的用法 ▲搭配：

① all at once 突然；同時 ② at once 立刻，馬上；同時

③(every)once in a while 偶爾，有時，間或

④ for this once(= for once，just for once)就這一次；破例一回 ⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次 ⑥ not once 一次也不 ⑦ once again / more再一次

⑧once and again一再，再三

⑨ once or twice 一兩次；有時，偶爾 ⑩ once too often又(多了)一次 ? once upon a time從前

【考例】(2004上海)____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.A.Before

B.Once

C.Until

D.Unless [考查目標] 連詞once的用法和詞義。

[答案與解析] B once在作連詞使用時意思是“一旦”。13.prefer v.寧愿；更喜歡

(1)prefer + n./ pron.The boy preferred a detective story.(2)prefer + v.-ing

Do you prefer living abroad?

(3)prefer + to do

She prefers to live among the working people.(4)prefer sb.to do sth.She preferred him to stay at home.(5)prefer + n./ pron./ doing + to + n./ pron./ doing 喜歡??而不喜歡

I prefer the town to the country./ While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.(6)prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do...than do...寧愿??而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.(7)prefer + 從句(謂語動詞用should do，should可省略)She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.14.protect的用法

▲構詞：protection n.保護(者/物)，防御

▲搭配：protect sb from / against 防止??遭受??；使??免于，保護??使不受 【考例】(MET 1992)Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____.A.self-satisfaction

B.self-protection

C.self-respect

D.self-service [考查目標] protect及其派生詞的詞義。

[答案與解析]B self-protection是名詞，意思是“自我保護”。15.separate的用法

▲構詞：separation n.[U]分開，分離

▲搭配：

① separate A from B 把A和B分開

② A is separated from B by? A和B為??所分開／阻隔 ③ separate sth(up)into?把??分成(幾分)▲辨析：separate;divide;part 都含“分開”的意思。

separate 指“把原來在一起的人或物分開”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you?(你)把那兩個打架的孩子拉開，好嗎? divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整體分成若干部分”。part指“把密切相關的人或物分開”，還有“分手”之意。【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.A.separated

B.spared

C.lost

D.missed [考查目標] 動詞separate的詞義。

[答案與解析] A separated和get搭配有被動意義，表 示“被隔開；被分隔”。[牛刀小試1] 用所給單詞的適當形式填空：

(advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate)1.The teacher improved the students' English by ____ of dictation and recitation.(means)2.All the goods ___me almost half a million dollars.(cost)3.We must ____ the wild animals from the hunting.(protect)4.Every baby should be ____ after he is horn.(separated)5.None of them ____ death when the enemy came into the village.(feared)6.There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in ____.(advance)☆詞語比較☆

1.wear, put on, have on, dress, be in, try on

(1)wear v.穿著；戴；蓄須(發)；磨損；(臉容)呈現，顯出 He is wearing an overcoat today.* wear out(把)穿破；(把)用壞；(使)疲乏；(使)耗盡I have worn out my shoes./ My patience wore(was worn)out.(2)put on 穿上；戴上(側重穿著的動作)

Put on your sweater, otherwise you will feel cold.(3)dress vt.給??穿衣服

n.衣服；連衣裙

dress sb.(in sth.)或 be dressed(in sth.)注意：穿的衣服接在in之后。Mother dressed her baby and then they went downstairs.(4)have on 表示穿著的狀態，注意不能用進行時。

At the Spring Festival, all children have on new clothes.(5)be in表示穿著的狀態 There was a girl in red.(6)try on 試穿

Mother was trying on a new dress.2.strike, hit, beat

(1)hit vt.①打；敲；擊；擊中；射中 He hit a ball over the fence./ The stone hit him on the head.②使??受到打擊 The bad news hit every one hard.(2)beat vt.&vi.①連續有節奏地打；敲

The rain heat against the window.②(心)跳動 His heart had stopped beating.③(鳥翼)撲動

The bird beat its wings rapidly as it flew on.④打敗；打贏；取勝

Our champion can beat all runners in the country.(3)strike vt.&vi.①打；敲；擊；砍；打中；擊中

He struck me with his fist.The house was struck by lightning.②發起進攻；襲擊

He moved away as the animal struck.③撞；觸(礁)

His head struck the table as he fell.④擦(火柴)

I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.⑤(某種想法)忽然出現；忽然想起，相當于occur to。

A happy thought struck her.⑥給人深刻印象(常用于被動語態)

I was struck by her beauty.⑦罷工

They are striking for higher pay.⑧(鐘)敲(響)We waited for the clock to strike six.3.complete, finish complete 可作形容詞，表示“徹底的；全面的”。complete與finish表示“完成”時的區別。

(1)complete 作及物動詞，只接 n.或 pron.，常用于完成預定的任務，工程建設等The railway is not completed yet.(2)finish vi./ vt.指完成，結束一件事情；可接 n.或doing。如：finish one's homework / middle school / writing the book ☆短語歸納☆

1.cut down

(1)砍倒 If you cut down all the trees you will rain the land.(2)減少；削減 I have decided to cut down my smoking.2.含get的短語

① get back 回來，恢復，送回

② get off下來，動身，起飛③ get up 起床，站起來 ④ get on 上(車)⑤ get on / along with 與某人相處．某事的進展 ⑥ get together 聚首，碰頭⑦ get away from 逃離 ⑧ get on one's feet 站起來⑨ get down 下來 ⑩ get on well with 與??相處融洽

? get married 結婚

? get to 到達 ? get through 通過，接通

? get down to 開始著手做某事

? get across(使)通過

? get(a)round 傳開，說服

? get in 進入。收獲

? get out 出去，逃脫

[例句]How are you getting along with your business? 生意進展如何? / If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back for her music lesson.如果你帶瑪麗去兜風的話，你必須答應帶她回來上音樂課。/ I can't get my boots off, for they are too tight.我脫不掉靴子，它太緊了。/ We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.在圣誕期間我們盡量一年至少聚會一次。/ When one has business on hand it is hard to get away from home.如果一個人手頭有事，離開家很難。

【考例】(2004遼寧)The final examination is coming up soon.It's time for us to ____ our studies．

A.get down to B.get out C.get back for D.get over [考查目標] 此題主要考查get短語。

[答案與解析]A get down to 意為“開始著手做某事”；get out 意為“離開，擺脫”；get back for 意為“回去拿”；get over意為“克服，渡過”。本句話意思是：期末考試就要到了，我們該開始學習了。

【考例】(NMET 1993)Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A.get over B.get in C.get along D.get through [考查目標]此題主要考查get短語。[答案與解析]C

get over 意為“痊愈，克服”；get in 意為“插話”；get along 意為“進展．繼續”；gel through 意為“接通。辦完”。本句話意思是：讀者不必準確知道每個詞的意思就能繼續下去。3.get away(from)

(1)擺脫 Ways must be found to get away from poverty.(2)走開；離開 She didn't get away until nine last night.(3)逃走，使離開The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.(4)拿走 Get all thee party dishes away!4.get close to

(1)close adj.靠近；接近

The church is close to the shops.親密；密切

Are you a close friend of theirs?

(2)close adv.靠近；接近

He was standing close to the door.(3)close v.關上；關閉(不開發)；結束

She closed her eyes./ Her eyes closed.(閉上)

(4)closely adv.緊密地；仔細地；密切地

He got closely in touch with the magazines of today.The little baby was closely looked after by her.[比較]

(1)close 與 closely 作副詞時，close含具體之意，closely 含抽象之意。

(2)類似的詞組有 high(高)--highly(高度地)，deep(深深地)--deeply(深入地)，wide(很開，寬)--widely(廣泛地)，low(低的)--lowly(低賤的)(作形容詞)5.hand in 交上去(給老師或上級)；交來(hand v.)

Each student has to hand in a composition once a week.[比較]

(1)hand down 傳下來；傳給 Our father handed down these customs to us.(2)hand on?to?傳給，傳遞They will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it.(3)hand out 發給大家；散發 The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson．

6.instead of 代替??

(1)instead of + n./ pron.Give me the red one instead 0f the green one.(2)instead of + doing

We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.(3)instead of + 介詞短語

He studies in the evening instead of during the day.[比較]

(1)instead adv.作為替代(??而)，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead.(2)rather than 而不是，與其??寧愿 He ran rather than walked.(3)in place of 代替，??而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.7.含take的短語 ① take a picture 照相，拍照

② take a taxi / bus, etc.打的(坐公交車等)③ take away 拿走，奪取，使離去 ④ take care of 小心，照料，保管 ⑤ take off 脫，去掉，取消，起飛

⑥ take out 拿出，帶??出去

⑦ take one's place 就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置 ⑧ take place 發生，產生 ⑨ take exercise 做運動 ⑩ take a seat 坐下 ? take turns 輪流

? take an active part in 積極參加 ? take a message 捎口信 ? take on 從事，呈現 ? take the place of 取代，代替 ? take apart 拆開 ? take down 拿下，記下 ? take...for...誤認為?? ? take in 吸收，接納

? take up 拿起．從事．占據

[例句] Father was convinced that Peter was unhappy at boarding school, and made arrangements to take him away.父親確信彼得在寄宿學校不開心，決定把他帶走。/ Will you lake care of buying the wine for tonight's party? 你負責為今晚的晚會買酒水好嗎? / The boys got into the car and took off for the drug store.男孩們進到車里，開車去了藥店。/ He took my place in the queue so that I could go and get something to eat.他替我排好了隊，以便我能夠回 去弄點兒吃的。8.used to

(1)used to do sth.過去常常??(現在已不如此)

We used to grow beautiful roses.注意：否定句和疑問句有兩種 You usedn’t to make that mistake.She didn't use(d)to do it, did she?

You used to smoke a pipe, didn't you? / use(d)n't you?

(2)be / get / become used to + n./ doing習慣于

I have always been used to hard work.He got used to living in the country.(3)be used to do 被用來做??

This knife is used to cut bread.表示“過去常常??”時，used to與would區別：

(1)would 只強調“過去常常??”，used to 說明現在不是如此。

The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing.(2)would 只接行為動詞，used to 可接行為動詞和表狀態的詞。如：be, like, know, have。There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.9.watch out 當心；注意

You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.(1)watch out for = look out for 提防；當心

You must always watch out for the traffic here!

(2)watch over 照看；看守；負責

The mother bird is watching over her young.10.含“動詞 + out”短語

① come out 出來，出版，傳出 ② go out 出去，熄滅，不時興 ③ look out 當心，注意

④ take out 拿出，取出，帶??出去 ⑤ rush out 沖出去，匆忙大量生產 ⑥ try out 嘗試，試驗

⑦ watch out 小心

⑧ wear out 穿破，用壞，(使)疲乏，消磨 ⑨ find out 找出，查出

⑩ make out 填寫，完成．設法應付 ? get out 出去，逃離，泄露，公布 ? pick out 看出，選出 ? think out 想出

? give out 發出，筋疲力盡 ? set out出發，陳述

[例句]Please go out and tell the children to make less noise.請出去告訴孩子們不要吵鬧。/ These bicycles have been rushed out and not up to our usual standard.這些自行車匆忙大量生產，沒有達到我們的正常標準。/ Watch out.The train is coming.小心，火車來了。/ Your will wear out your patience in time, my friend.朋友，最終我們會沒有耐心的。

【考例】(2005湖北)This picture was taken a long time ago.I wonder if you can ____ my father.A.find out

B.pick out

C.look out

D.speak out

[考查目標]此題主要考查out構成的短語意思區別。[答案與解析]B pick out意為“挑選，辨別出”；find out意為“找出．發現”；look out意為“留神，注意”： speak out意為“大聲說出”。[牛刀小試2] 請根據句意，選用所給短語的適當形式填空：

(get away，take up，take on，think out，get down to)1.--Shall we set off right now?--Sorry.I'm too busy to ____ for the moment.(get away)2.The final examination is coming: you really must ____ your studies.(get down)

3.The manager doesn't have much free time as his work ____ nearly all his spare time.(takes up)4.We also shared a number of qualities which we fell were in our favor when we ____ the task.(took on)5.He might have ___his idea about the art exhibition much better, if he had planned what he wanted to say.(thought out)☆句型歸納☆

1.You shouldn't go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.除非你會游泳，而且要一直穿著救生衣，否則就不應該去做漂流運動。該句中的unless引導狀語從句。例如：One can't learn a foreign language well unless he studies hard.unless引導的條件狀語從句，一般可以與if...not...互換。還要注意unless引導的從句經常可以省略。

【考例】(200l北京春招)The men will have to wait all day ____ the doctor works faster.A.if

B.unless

C.whether

D.that [考查目標]狀語從句。

[答案與解析]B 句子意思是“如果醫生不快點工作，這些人將不得不等一整天。”應該選unless。

2.Eco-travel is a way to find out what can be done to help animals and plants as well as people.生態游可以找到既幫助別人．又幫助動植物的途徑。

該句中的as well as是連詞，連接兩個并列成分。例如: He can speak German as well as French.常見的用法: 1.well是副詞，意思是“好，優秀”，as well as是形容詞同級比較結構。

2.as well as是固定短語，意思是“和”，相當于”not only ? but also...“。

3.as well as連接兩個并列成分作主語時，句子的謂語動詞應該與前面那個名詞或代詞的人稱或數保持一致。

4.as well as還可當作復雜介詞用，意思是“除了??之外，還有”；相當于”besides，apart from“。5.as well，是副詞短語，意思是“也”，相當于“too / also”常位于句尾，與too位置相當。6.may / might as well do sth 表示“還是??的好”。

【考例】(NMET 1994)John plays football ____, if not better than David.A.as well

B.as well as

C.so well

D.so well as [考查目標] as well as連接比較狀語從句。

[答案與解析]B 該句中 if not better than相當于插入語，起干擾作用，如果不予考慮，原句就變成了同級比較結構 ”John plays football as well as David“。

3.Before she could move，she heard a loud noise.她還沒有來得及動彈，就聽見很響的聲音。However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her.但還沒有回過身來，洪水便逼近了她。

該兩句中的before用作連詞，后接時間狀語從句。before用作連詞，接時間狀語從句時，表示“在??之前”。但在不同的語境中，往往有比較靈活的譯法。例如: He knocked me down before he saw me.他差一點把我撞倒，才看到我。

【考例】(2005廣東)The American Civil War lasted four years the North won in the end.A.after

B.before

C.when

D.then [考查目標] 時間狀語從句的引導詞選擇。

[答案與解析]B

before 表示“直到??”。

4.Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.洪水想必深達三米，樹一棵接一棵地倒了，被洪水沖斷了。

該句中的must have been表示推測。例如：You look so tired.You must have stayed up last night.情態動詞may，might，most．can，could常用來表示推測。may，might，must多用在肯定句中，can，could多用在否定句和疑問句中。may，might，must，can，could后接動詞原形表示對現在的推測；may，might，must，can，could后接have done。表示對過去的推測。例如：

You may be a professor./ She must have met a fairy.【考例】(2005遼寧)This cake is very sweet.You ____ a lot of sugar in it.A.should put

B.could have put

C.might put

D.must have put [考查目標] 情態動詞表示推測。

[答案與解析] D 前文說蛋糕很甜，由此可知一定是糖 放多了。對于過去的動作的推測應使用have done的 結構，所以應在B、D之間做選擇，又因為could have done表示本可以做而沒有做，所以選擇D。

5....she heard a loud noise，which grew to a terrible roar.??她聽見了很響的聲音，接著就變成了可怕的隆隆轟鳴聲。

該句中的which引導非限制性定語從句。例如：He bought some reference books, which were all about science.他買了許多的參考資料．都是有關理科的。

which 作為關系代詞．既可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句。例如：The train which left for Beijing pulled in on time.前往北京的火車按時進站了。His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died.他的狗，現在老了，生病死了。

【考例】(2005浙江)Jim passed the driving test, ____ surprised everybody in the office.A.which

B.that

C.this

D.it [考查目標]非限制性定語從句。

[答案與解析]A which引導非限制性定語從句。指代 前面整個句子。that不能引導非限制性定語從句。☆句型詮釋☆

現在進行時的用法(is / am / are + doing)1.表示現在(說話的瞬間)正在進行或發生的動作。Look!The monkey is climbing the banana tree.2.表示當前一段時間內的活動或現階段正在進行的動作。(說話時動作不一定正在進行。)We are preparing for the meeting to be held next Friday now.3.表示說話人現在對主語的行為表示贊嘆、驚訝、厭惡等。(常與always, constantly, continually, all the time, forever 等副詞連用)，表反復的動作。He is always think-ing of others.(表贊許)She is always asking the same question.(表厭惡)You are always changing your mind.(表抱怨)4.表示在最近計劃或安排要進行的動作。常用于go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, stay 等表移動、方向的動詞。He is starting the work in a few minutes./ He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow morning.[注意]

1.不用進行時的詞有:

(1)系動詞: feel, sound, smell, taste, look, appear, seem, remain, prove 等。(2)表結果的感官動詞: see, notice, hear 等。

(3)非延續性的動詞，此動作開始即是結束：enter, accept, receive等。

(4)表心理狀態，存在狀態，擁有的動詞：love, like, hate, care, dislike, respect, prefer, know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, wish, hope, mind, agree, belong to, depend on, own, have等。

2.用進行時的特殊詞有系動詞get, turn, grow, become, go, come, fall 等表由一種狀態轉入另一種狀態時，用進行時表示漸近。Today, many rivers that were polluted are getting cleaner and cleaner.當今，許多過去遭污染的河流又變得越來越清澈了。[比較] 現在進行時表將來的用法與一般將來時的區別：(1)現在進行時表近期的，事先已經計劃安排好的--How are you getting to the airport?--By taxi.Bob is coming with me to the airport.(2)will do 和 shall do ①表客觀將來。shall用于第一人稱，will用于第一、二、三人稱。I will / shall finish middle school next month.②表有科學根據的預測。The weather report says it will rain tomorrow.③表客觀必然。Man will make mistakes.(3)be going to ①表現在打算在近期或將來要做某事。I'm going to finish my homework tonight.②表根據已有跡象的預測。It's so dark outside, I think it's going to rain.③ be going to不與come, go連用，而用be coming, be going 形式。Mary is coming here this evening.[注意] 表計劃、安排、規定要做的事，用“be + to do”。此外，表示按時刻表運行的動作常用一般現在時表將來。The meeting is to be held at 9:00 a.m./ Our plane leaves at 6:00 a.m..[牛刀小試3] 1.____ you call me to say you're not coming, I'll see you at the theatre.(2004 吉林)A.Though

B.Whether C.Until

D.Unless 2.Now that you've got a chance, you ____ make full use of it.(NMET 1999)A.had better to

B.might as well C.might as well as

D.would rather 3.It was evening ____ we reached the little town of Winchester.(2004 天津)A.that

B.until C.since

D.before 4.There is no light in the dormitory.They must have gone to the lecture, ____?(2004 上海春招)A.didn't they

B.don't they C.mustn't they

D.haven't they 5.The result of the experiment was very good, ____ we hadn't expected.(2000 北京春招)A.when

B.that

C.which

D.what DBDDC ☆交際速成☆

【考點1】Talking about intentions and plans.談論意愿和打算(2004江蘇)

--How long are you staying?--I don't know.____.A.That's OK

B.Never mind

C.It depends

D.It doesn't matter [答案與解析]C 本題考查具體語境下被詢問打算時的應答。A項用于回答感謝和道歉，B、D兩項用于回答道歉，C 項表示“看情況而定”。【歸納】英語中常見表達意愿和打算的用語有： ① I'll go with you.② I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon.③ I'd like to make a phone call to her after class.④ I want / hope to find an English pen friend.⑤ I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.⑥ We are ready to move to a new house.⑦ Bill intends to spend his vocation in California.⑧ I'm thinking of driving to Beijing.⑨ Where would you prefer going...? ⑩ How would you like to go to...? ? When are you going off to...? ? How are you going to...? 【考點2】Expressing good wishes祝愿(2005廣東)

Tom: Mike, our team will play against the Rockets this weekend.I'm sure we will win.Mike: ____!A.Congratulations

B.Cheers

C.Best wishes

D.Good luck [答案與解析]D 考查祝愿用語。在比賽前表示祝愿的話用Good luck。Congratulations用于成功之后的祝賀。Cheers意為“干杯”。Best wishes多用于書面語，表示“萬事如意”的意思。

【歸納】英語中常見表達祝愿的用語有： ① Have a good day / time!② Have a good journey / trip!③ Good luck!④ Enjoy yourself!⑤ Best wishes to you!⑥ Happy New Year!⑦ Happy birthday!⑧ Merry Christmas!應答語有： ① Thank you.② You, too.③ The same to you.【考點3】Describing emotions 描述人物的情感(2001上海春招)--I'm afraid I can't finish the book within this week.--____.A.Please go ahead

B.That's all right

C.Not at all

D.Take your time [答案與解析]D 本題考查時表示遺憾情感的應答。A項表示“請吧，說吧”，用于回答許可或讓對方先行。B、C兩項是感謝或道歉的答語，D項表示“別著急，慢慢來”，符合語境。【歸納】中學英語中描述人物情感的用語有：

①(恐懼)Help!/ How terrible!/ I'm afraid of.../ I'm afraid to.../ You scared me!/ It scares me!②(高興)(It's)well done!/ How wonderful!/ That's great!/ I'm pleased to...③(驚奇)Really!/ Oh dear!/ Is that so? / What a surprise!/ How surprising!④(憂慮)What's wrong? / what's the matter? / Anything wrong? / What should we do? ⑤(安慰)There, there./ Don't be afraid.／Don't worry./ It's(quite)all right./ It'll be OK / all right.⑥(滿意)Good!/ Well done!／ Perfect!/ That's fine./ That's better.⑦(遺憾)I'm so sorry!/ It's a great pity!/ What a shame!/ That's too bad!⑧(同情)I'm so sorry!/ I'm so sorry(about your illness)./ I'm sorry to hear that.⑨(憤怒)Damn!/ How annoying!⑩(鼓勵)Well done!/ Come on!/ Keep trying./ You can do it![牛刀小試4] 1.--I'd like to take a week's holiday.--____, we're too busy.A.Don't worry

B.Don't mention it C.Forget it

D.Pardon me 2.--I was so sure that our experiment was going to succeed, but something went wrong at the last moment.--____, but don't give it up.A.Find out the reason

B.Never mind C.I'm sorry to hear that

D.You don't 'mean that 3.--I just heard that the tickets for tonight's show have been sold out.--Oh no!____.A.I was looking forward to that B.It doesn't matter C.I knew it already D.It's not at all interesting 4.--We are going to travel to Italy.--____.A.Good bye

B.Go ahead C.I like to go, too

D.Have a good time 5.--I'd rather have some tea, if you don't mind.--____.A.Thank you very much B.Yes, I like so C.No, it's nothing

D.Of course, anything you want

CCADD ☆精典題例☆

1.Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.(NMET 2002春上海)

A.cut B.are cut C.are being cut D.had been cut 【解析】選C 本題是在語境中考查現在進行時的被動語態。本句意為“雨林以這樣的速度被砍伐和焚燒，會導致它在不久的將來從地球上消失。”體會語境和句意便知此處選擇C項，表示現階段在進行的動作。

2.Twenty-three hours has passed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the missing ____ carried out.A.are still being

B.have already been

C.are always

D.will soon be 【解析】選A本句意為“礦井爆炸已過23小時了，但對失蹤人員的搜索還在進行中。” 3.--When are you leaving?--My plane ____ at 10:45.A.takes off

B.took off

C.is about to take off

D.will take off 【解析】選A飛機是按時刻表運行的。4.--Excuse me, what time is it now?

--Sorry, my watch ____.It ____ at the shop.A.isn't working;is being repaired

B.doesn't work;is being repaired

C.isn't working;is repaired

D.doesn't work;is repaired 【解析】選B doesn't work說明“手表不工作”的狀態，而不只是現在才壞了。后句意為“手表正在商店里修理”，故應用is being repaired。

5.John, who is considered ____ a warm-hearted man, is considering ____ his neighbor out of trouble.A.to be;to help

B.to be;helping C.being;to help

D.being;helping

【解析】選B be considered to be “被認為是??”；consider doing “考慮做某事”。6.He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ____ it got worse.A.until

B.when

C.before

D.as 【解析】選C意思是“在事情還未變得更糟之前及 時糾正錯誤”。

7.--There is something wrong with my bike.--It doesn't matter.I ____ lend you mine.A.am to B.am going to C.was going to

D.will 【解析】選D be to表示按計劃安排將來的動作，be going to 表示最近打算做某事，will 在此是情態動詞，表示“意志；意愿”。如：I will tell you all about it.8.Children at the beginning of this century ____ a lot and ____ themselves greatly even without television.A.used to read;enjoying

B.used to read;enjoyed C.were used to reading;enjoy D.were used to read;enjoying 【解析】選B 前后時態要保持一致。

高一英語各單元知識點總結及重難點解析Unit5-6 ☆重點句型☆

1.While still a student, she played roles in many plays.連詞 + 名詞做時間狀語

2.When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said?連詞+過去分詞做時間狀語

3.When drinking to someone's health, you raise your glasses.連詞 + 現在分詞做時間狀語 4.It's a custom in China to have some tea before the meal is served.It 做形式主語 5.Many people like this film not just because..., but also because...并列連詞

6.Having good table manners means knowing...動名詞做主賓語 ☆重點詞匯☆ 1.comment v.評論 2.marry v.結婚 3.create v.創造 4.attack v.進攻 5.cruelty n.殘酷 6.escape v.逃跑

7.advice n.忠告；建議

8.afford v.花得起(錢、時間)9.encourage v.鼓勵 10.research n.研究 11.interrupt v.打斷；打擾 12.apologize v.道歉 13.pray v.請求；祈禱 14.forgive v.原諒；寬恕 15.match v.相配；相適應 16.manners n.禮貌 17.impression n.印象

18.live adj.& adv.活的；直播的(地)19.custom n.習慣；風俗 20.introduce vt.介紹；引進 ☆重點短語☆

1.take off 脫掉；起飛；成功 2.go wrong 出錯；出問題

3.can't help doing 情不自禁做某事 4.take one's place 代替某人 5.run after 追逐；追蹤

6.win a prize 獲獎

7.think highly of 贊揚??；對??高度評價

8.call for 需要；索取 9.in all 總共

10.play a role 扮演角色(作用)11.make money 掙錢 12.win over 爭取過來 13.work on 從事，致力于

14.owe success to 把成功歸功于某人 15.start with 以??開始 16.run away from school逃學 17.on the air 正在播出的 18.do research 進行調查 19.speed up 加速

20.follow the fashion 追隨時尚

☆短語闖關☆

下列短語都是這兩個單元學過的重要短語，請你根據 漢語在橫線上填入一個正確的詞，每個詞4分，80分才 能過關。你一定能過關，做好了闖關的準備嗎?那么我 們就開始吧? l.____ screen 銀幕，電影(業)2.take ____ 成功；成名；脫掉(衣服)；(飛機)起飛 3.____ wrong 走錯路；誤入歧途；不對頭；出毛病 4.owe sth ____ sb 把??歸功于某人 5.____ all 總共；總之 6.stay ____ 不在家，外出 7.____ school 小學

8.lock sb ____ 將某人鎖于某處不得進出；將某人監禁起來 9.run ____ 追趕

10.bring sb ____ 送回某人 11.____ the air正在播出的

12.think highly ____ 對??高度評價 13.leave ____ 省去；遺漏；不考慮 14.stare ____ 盯著

15.make ____ about sb 以某人為笑柄

16.drink(a toast)____ 為??祝酒；為??干杯 17.win ____ 戰勝

18.____ comments on對??加以評論

19.look sb ____ 看望，拜訪某人

20.____ a role in 在??中扮演角色；在??方面起作用 21.____ a prize獲獎

22.to sb for(doing)sth因某事向某人道歉

23.make a good impression ____ 給??留下好印象 24.____ silent 保持沉默 25.pay a visit ____ 拜訪 ☆交際用語☆

1.What do you think has happened? 2.What do you know about…?

3.How do you like…? / What do you think of…? / What db you feel...? 4.May I interrupt you for a moment? 5.Excuse me / Forgive me for.../ I apologize for… 6.I'm(very / so / terribly)sorry.It's all my fault.7.That's all right./ That's OK./ No problem.8.I wish you all the best.9.I'm sorry.I didn't mean to...10.Let's drink(a toast)to...!☆單詞聚焦☆ 1.afford

(1)(和can，could，be able to連用)有(時間、經濟等)條件(做某事)+ to do

We can't afford to pay such a price.afford + n./ pron.(出得起；買得起等)

They donot consider whether they can afford it or not.(2)經得起(做某事或發生某事)(多+to do)

He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely.2.apologize的用法

▲構詞：apology n.辯解，道歉 ▲搭配：

① apologize to sb for(doing)sth = make an apology的 sb for(doing)sth向某人為某事(為做了某事)道歉

② apologize for oneself 為自己辯解或辯護

【考例】[NMET 1993]The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.A.made

B.said

C.put

D.passed [考查目標] apologize及其名詞的用法和搭配。[答案與解析]A make an apology的意思是“道歉”。3.choice的用法 ▲搭配：

① make a choice 選擇

② make choice of 挑選，選擇，選定 ③ make / take one's choice 任意挑選

④ have no choice but to do sth 非??不可，除??之外別無他法

【考例】[MET 1993] We've missed the last bus, I'm afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi.A.way

B.choice C.possibility

D.selection [考查目標] choice的意思和習慣搭配。

[答案與解析]B choice是choose的名詞形式．意思是 “選擇”，在本句中構成固定搭配have no choice but to do sth“不得不干??”。4.determine的用法

▲構詞：determination n.決心，決斷，決意；決定，確定 ▲搭配：

① determine to do sth 決定做某事 ② determine on / upon(doing)sth 決定 ③ a man of determination 有決斷力的人

▲辨析：decide；determine這兩個詞都有“決定”的意思。decide的含義是“不再遲疑不定”，而

determine含義是“把某件事確定下來”。在be determined to do?這個固定的結構中。過去分詞determined的詞義為“下定了決心”。decide的名詞為decision，determine的名詞為determination。例如：At first，she decided to go to the police，?起初，她決定去找警察??

▲友情提示: decide后跟賓語從句時，其含義有時是“斷

定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere.我斷定我一定是在某處拐錯彎了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context.脫離上下文來確定一個詞的含義常常是困難的。

注：在determine to do...，determine on(upon)...和determine that...。(賓語從句)三個搭配中，determine的詞義和decide幾乎沒有多大差異。He determined / decided to learn medicine.他決定學醫。

注：decide sb to do sth 決定使某人做某事What decided you to give up your job? 什么因素使你決定放棄你的工作? 【考例】[2001京皖春招] Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work.For example, he must ____ the parts that are wrong.A.check

B.determine

C.correct

D.recover [考查目標]determine的用法。

[答案與解析]B determine和decide在一般情況下意思相同。5.encourage的用法 ▲構詞：

① encouraging adj.鼓勵的，給予希望的，振奮人心的。令人歡欣鼓舞的 ② encouraged adj.被激勵的，受到鼓舞的 ③ encouragement n.鼓勵，激勵 ④ discourage v.使泄氣；勸阻

▲搭配：① encourage sb to do sth 鼓勵某人做某事② be encouraged by 受??鼓勵／鼓舞 【考例】 [2004北京]My advisor encouraged ___a summer course to improve my writing skills.A.for me taking

B.me taking

C.for me to take

D.me to take [考查目標] encourage的用法。

[答案與解析]D encourage sb to do sth鼓勵某人干某事。句意為：我的導師鼓勵我參加一個夏季課程來提高我的寫作技巧。

6.escape(vi, vt)escaped, escaping

(1)逃走；跑掉 + from / out of = run away from

The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison.(2)逃脫；逃避 + n./ doing

He narrowly escaped death / being killed.There's no way to escape doing the work.escape還可表示： ①（液體等）漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤氣從管中漏出Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe.水從排水管中迅速流出。

②避免escaped death 免于一死There is no escaping him.怎么也避不開他。③疏忽，忽略 Nothing escaped his attention.什么也逃不過他的注意。You cannot expect that something may escape the teacher's attention.你不要奢望有什么能逃過老師的注意。escape n

①逃走The thief made his escape.小偷逃走了。

②（氣體）漏出，泄出；解悶She reads love stories as an escape.她讀愛情小說解悶。7.hunt的用法

▲構詞：hunter n.獵人，搜尋者 ▲搭配：

① hunt for / after追獵；尋找，搜尋 ② hunt out 找出；調查出

【考例】He wandered in the street, ____ a new jacket for his nephew.A.hunting for

B.waiting for

C.shooting for

D.aiming for [考查目標]本題考查hunt for的意思。

[答案與解析]A hunt for原來是“獵取”的意思，引中為“搜尋，尋找”。

8.impression n.印象

(1)impression(on sb.)(給某人)印象His speech made a strong impression on his audience.(2)impression(of sth.)(對某事物)印象；想法That's my first impression of the new college.(3)impress sb.with sth.給予某人深刻印象 = impress sth.on sb.使某人銘記 The teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking.= The teacher impre-ssed his students with the importance of speaking.9.interrupt的用法vt, vi ①阻斷；中斷 Don't interrupt me.別打斷我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm.市內交通被暴風雪所阻斷。

②打岔；插嘴 It is rude to interrupt.打斷別人的話，是不禮貌的。“Don't interrupt,” he said.“別插話, ”他說。▲構詞：

① interrupter n.打岔者，打斷者

② interruption n.打岔．打斷，使中斷的事物

【考例】[2005山西模擬] Be quiet!It's rude to ____ people when they are talking.A.stop

B.introduce

C.prevent

D.interrupt [考查目標] interrupt的詞義。

[答案與解析]D interrupt的意思是“打斷；使中斷”． 后接指人或指物的各種名詞。

10.marry

(1)vi.結婚

He didn't marry until he was fifty.(2)vt.和??結婚

Jean is going to marry Hubert.(3)vt.(父母)嫁(女兒)He married his daughter to a businessman.(4)vt.(教士等)為??主持結婚儀式 We've come to ask if you will marry them.[比較]

(1)get married(to sb.)強調動作

His oldest girl got married last month.(2)be married(to sb.)強調狀態

How long have you been married? 11.moment的用法 n.①片刻；瞬間 He will be here in a moment.他一會兒就來。At the moment I am working.此刻我正在工作。

②時機；機遇；時宜 Choose your moment to visit him.你選個合適的時機去拜訪他。③重要性 a matter of great moment 一件極重要的事情

▲搭配：

① at any moment 隨時；在任何時候；馬上 ② at the last moment 在最后關頭 ③ at the moment 此刻；(正當)那時 ④ every moment 時時刻刻

⑤ for a moment 片刻

⑥ in a moment 一會兒，不久；立即，馬上

⑦ the moment(that)...一??就??

【考例】[NMET 2004 II] ”Can I? I don't think I can,“ Racy said with a laugh.”But I do have ____ when things come to me for no reason.“

A.events B.chances

C.feelings

D.moments [考查目標] moment的詞義。[答案與解析] D moment可以指“時刻”，在本句中用了復數，意思是“一些次”。12.owe的用法owed, owing ▲搭配：

①（常與for連用）欠，欠債I owe you for your help.我感謝你的幫助。(也可以是owe sth.或owe sb.sth)The food cost ￡4 , but I only paid ￡3 so I still owe ￡1.食品要4英鎊，可我只付了3英鎊，因此我還欠1英鎊。I owe you an apology.我該向你道歉。☆ owe sb sth for sth 或 owe sth to sb for sth 為?欠某人?

②對?負有義務；感恩；感激We owe our parents a lot.我們十分感激父母。

③（常與to連用）歸功于；由于She owes her success to good luck.她把成功歸功于幸運。The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement.年輕作家把自己的成功歸于他老師的鼓勵。

【考例】[2004湖北] ”How much do I ____ you?“ ”Oh, no,“ Paul said.A.Owe

B.lend

C.give

D.offer [考查目標]考查owe的詞義和用法。

[答案與解析]A owe表示“欠”的時候是及物動詞，可以接雙賓語。13.reason n.原因；理由

(1)+ to do sth.You haven't any reason to leave me.(2)+ for sth./ doing People must have a reason for saying such things.(3)+ 從句；從句用why / for which引導 That is the reason why you should leave.(4)for + reason，為了某種原因He is retiring for reasons of health.[比較] cause“原因；起因”

the cause of the fire 火災的起因(引起某種后果的起因)the reason for being late 遲到的理由(做某件事的理由)14.role

(1)(戲劇中的)角色Oliver played(acted)the role / part of Hamlet.(2)(現實生活中的)身份；作用

What is your role on the Committee?(3)play a...role in...= play a...part in在??中扮演??角色或作用The headmaster plays an important role / part in the good running of a school.15.serve v.(1)為??服務／工作 A slave serves his master.(2)接待(顧客)The shop assistant is serving a customer.(3)侍候吃飯，端(菜)；供應(飯菜)Lunch is served now.(4)serve as 充任(某職務)作??用 She served as a model for several painters./ This box will serve as / for a seat.16.speed的用法 ▲搭配：

① at a high speed 以很大的速度

② at full / top speed 用全速，開足馬力，盡力(快)地； ③ with great / an speed 用全速，開足馬力 ④ speed up 加速，快點

【考例】We had tried our best but the boss still shouted, ” ____!“

A.Speed up

B.No hurry

C.Wait a minute

D.Slow down [考查目標]本題考查speed及其構成的短語的意思。

[答案與解析]A speed up意思是“加速，快點”的意思。17.stare的用法 vi, vt--stared, staring 凝視，注視

He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant.他盯著這個單詞，努力想記起它的意思。

[習慣用語] stare one in the face近在眼前；擺在眼前

▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare這組動詞的一般含義是“凝視”。

gaze表示“目不轉睛地看”，并含有“驚嘆”、“羨慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, ”You don't need bookcases at all.“ 她對地毯凝視了一會兒，然后補充說：“你根本不需要書柜。”

stare 特別表示“睜大眼睛凝視”，并含有“驚奇”、“傲慢”或“茫然”的意思。例如：The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.那位貴族對那張空白紙凝視了幾秒鐘。glare 表示“兇狠而且帶有威脅性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：The trapped eagle glared at his captors.被誘捕到的雄鷹兇狠地瞪著捕獲它的人。

【考例】[NMET 1999] ____ him and then try to copy what he does.A.Mind

B.Glance at

C.Stare at

D.Watch [考查目標] stare 等近義詞辨別。[答案與解析]D watch意思是“觀察”，是長時問關注；而stare at卻是“盯著”。含有驚奇、傲慢的感情色彩。

18.trouble

(1)麻煩；煩惱；煩心的事(可數，不可數)It is a pity to give you so much trouble./ Life is full of troubles.(2)困難；費事(不可數)have trouble with sth./ have trouble(in)doing sth.(= difficulty)Did you have much trouble in finding the post office? / I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.[相關短語]

(1)ask for trouble 自尋煩惱；自找麻煩 What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble.(2)(be)in trouble 有煩事；有困難；出事；惹麻煩 He never came except when he was in trouble.(3)put sb.to trouble 給某人造成麻煩；增添麻煩 I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.(4)take trouble to do sth.費心做某事；費心 It was good of you to take the trouble to help us.[牛刀小試1] 用所給單詞的適當形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize)1.will never forget the ____ given by Mr.Wang, which helped me overcome a lot difficulty.2.I have made a ___that every department in our company should buy a computer of this kind.3.I recognized the man the ____ I saw him at the corner.4.Since it was a bit later，we had to ____ up.5.We must ____ our success to our parents and teachers.6.The parents came from the far-away village, making an ____ for their naughty son.☆詞語比較☆

1.win, beat, defeat 表示獲勝、取勝的詞語

(1)win v.贏??，獲勝，接比賽或獎項 win a game / a prize / an honor / a race./ Our team won the game 8 to 7./ He won by five points./ He won her love at last./ He won the first place in the competition.(2)beat + 對手，表打敗(尤指體育比賽)I can easily beat him at golf.(3)defeat 表戰勝，接對手The enemy was defeated in the battle.2.in the end, finally, at last 三者均可表示“(經過周折、等待、耽誤)最后，終于”之意。不同的是：

finally 一般用在句中動詞前面，而 at last 與 in the end 的位置則較為靈活；

三者中at last 語氣最為強烈，且可單獨作為感嘆句使用。After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Dalian./ At last he knew the meaning of life./ At last!Where on earth have you been? / But in the end he gave in.另外，finally還可用在列舉事項時，引出最后一個內容，相當于lastly。Firstly, we should make a plan;secondly, we should carry it out;finally we should make a conclu-sion.3.by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea, at sea

(1)by sea “走海路，乘船”，用來表示交通方式，同 by ship 同義。These heavy boxes should be sent by sea.(2)by the sea “在海邊”，相當于 by(at)the seaside。The children enjoyed themselves by the sea on Children's Day.(3)in the sea “在海里，在海水中” There are many plants and animals in the sea.(4)on the sea “在海面上”，“在海岸邊”。I want to live in a town with a beautiful position on the sea.(5)at sea 在海上；在航海 When he woke up, the ship was at sea.4.be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of(doing)sth.(1)be afraid 意為“擔心，害怕”，多用于口語，常用來表示一種歉意，或遺憾，后可接 so 或 not，也可接 that 從句。I'm afraid(that)其語意相當于 I'm sorry, but...。

--Are we on time? 我們準時嗎?--I'm afraid not.恐怕不準時。I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.(2)be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于膽小而不敢做某事”。She is afraid to be here alone./ He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge.(3)be afraid of(doing)sth.常表示“擔心或害怕某事(發生)”。I was afraid of hurting her feelings.5.live, living, alive, lively

(1)live adj.①活的；活生生的；(只修飾生物；只作前置定語)The laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys.②實況直播的(不是錄音)It wasn't a recorded show.It was live.③帶電的；燃著的；可爆炸的 This is a live wire.(2)living adj.活著的，有生命的(作表語或定語)She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England./ The old man is still living.(或alive)

(3)alive adj.①活著的；②有活力的；有生氣 作后置定語：Who's the greatest man alive? 作表語：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.作補語：Let's keep the fish alive.(4)lively adj.活潑的；有生氣的；活躍的(作表語或定語)The music is bright and lively.6.take off, take down, take in, take on, take up

(1)take off ①(飛機)起飛 A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.②脫下(衣裳等)；取下 He took off his wet shoes./ Who took the knob off the door? ③休假；請假；歇工 When his wife was sick he took off from work.④(指觀念、產品)大受歡迎；(事業)突然發達，成功The new type of cell phones has really taken off./ His business began to take off when he was in his forties.(2)take down ①拿下來；取下來 He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.②記下來 He read out the names and his secretary took them down.(3)take in ①接受(房客，客人等)；收留 The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.②理解；領會；明白 The boys could not take in his meaning.③包括；涉及 The study of physics takes in many different subjects.④使上當；欺騙We were completely taken in by her story.(4)take on ①接受；從事(某工作)After his father died, Bill took on the management of the factory.②雇用Is the supermarket taking on any more assis-tant? ③具有(新面貌、意思等)The city has taken on a new look.(5)take up ①從事某項活動；發展某種愛好 So many young men want to take up writing.②開始做(某項工作)；開始學習(某個課程)Then she took up the task of getting the breakfast./ He dropped medicine and took up physics.③占去(時間或空間)The meeting took up the whole morning./ The table takes up too much room.④接受I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town.7.call for, call on, call up

(1)call for ①來找(某人)；來取(某物)I'll call for you at your house.②要求；需要Success in school calls for much hard work.(2)call on ① call on / upon sb.拜訪；去會(某人)I hope to call on you at your office at 3 o’clock today.② call on / upon sb.to do sth.請／叫某人做某事He called upon me to speak immediately.③號召；呼吁；要求 The President called on his people to serve the country.(3)call up

①給??打電話(英 ring up)I tried to call you up last night, but no one answered the phone.②征召入役；調用(后備部隊)Three boys in our street were called up last week.8.too much, much too

(1)too much “太多”之意，可以作形容詞，修飾不可數名詞，也可作副詞，修飾動詞。There is too much rain here in spring./ She talked too much at the meeting.(2)much too “簡直太，過于”，只能作副詞，用來修飾形容詞或別的副詞，不能修飾動詞。This book is much too difficult for me./ The old man walks much too slowly.9.custom, habit

(1)custom 指傳統風俗、習俗，也可指生活習慣，后接不定式。They broke some of the old customs./ It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the spring Festival.(2)habit 指個人生活習慣。“(有)養成??習慣”常

用be in / fall into / get into / form / have the habit of doing sth.句型；“戒掉??習慣”常用 give up / kick / break away from / get out of the habit of doing sth.句型。It's easy to get into a bad habit but its hard to give it up./ The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking.10.arise, rise, raise raise vt.“使??上升；升起；提高”等；

rise vi.“上升；升起”； arise vi.“站起來(stand up)”，“起床(get up)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都屬正式用法；arise主要表示“出現、發生”等意思。She raised her voice in anger.(抬高)The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.(刮起)The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother.(=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.)(爬起)She rises before it is light.(起床)Difficulties will arise as we do the work.(出現)☆短語歸納☆

1.can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事

She couldn't hep smiling.[比較]

(1)can't help but do 不得不??；不能不 When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get your shoes wet.(2)cannot but 不能不，只能He could not but feel disappointed.[歸納](1)help(sb.)(to)do sth.Help me get him back to bed at once./ By helping them we are helping save ourselves.(2)help...with sth.幫助??做某事 In those days he used to help her mother with her gardening.(3)help oneself / sb.to sth.給自己 / 別人夾菜 / 拿煙 等；擅自拿用 May I help you to some more vegetables?

(4)help...in sth.在??方面幫助某人 She offered to help Rose in the housekeeping when I am not here.(5)help out 幫忙(做事；克服困難等)I've often helped Bob out when he's been a bit short of money.2.含go的短語

① go around 到處走／跑．(疾病)流傳，(謠言)傳開；go after 追求；go ahead 說吧，請吧，做吧；go away 離開，出去

② go back 走網頭路，翻悔改變；go bad 變壞；go boating 去劃船 ③ go fishing 去釣魚；go for a walk去散步 ④ go hiking 去徒步旅行；go home 回家 ⑤ go in for 喜愛，從事于；go into 進入，加入 ⑥ go mad 發瘋

⑦ go off 離去，去世；go on 繼續，進展，依據；go on doing 繼續做；go out 出去，發出去，熄滅，不時興；go over 研究，檢查，搜查

⑧ go shopping 去商店；go skating 去滑冰；go straight along 沿著；go swimming 去游泳 ⑨ go through 通過，經受，仔細檢查；go to bed 上床 ⑩ go up 上升 ? go wrong 走錯路，誤入歧途

[例句] We'll go through the items one by one.我們要逐條研究。She has gone back to her old habits.她又回到了已往的習慣。Come on Sunday by yourself-we can go over the house together.星期天你要過來．我們一起檢查一下房子。His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep.他的演講持續很長時間，結果人們開始想睡。That expression has gone out.Nobody Uses it today.那個短語已經過時了，現在沒有人在用它。The young fellow hasn't realized that he has gone wrong.這個年輕人還沒有意識到他已經誤入歧途。Tired of going shopping with his wife，Mr.Liu pretended to have something important to do.厭煩與妻子一起去購物，劉先生假裝有重要的事情要做。

【考例2】(2004北京)I don't ____ rock' n' roll.It's much too noisy for my taste.A.go after

B.go away with

C.go into

D.go in for [考查目標] 此題主要考查四個動詞短語的意思。

[答案與解析]D

go after 追求；go away with 帶走；go into進入，加入；go in for 喜愛，愛好。根據句子意思“搖滾音樂太嘈雜。不合乎我的口味．所以我不喜歡”。

【考例】(NMET 1998)Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ____.A.be put up

B.give in

C.be turned on

D.go out [考查目標]此題主要考查四個短語的意思。[答案與解析] D

put up 掛起；give in 屈服；turn on 打開；go out 熄滅。本句話意思是“沒有人注意到賊溜進了屋子，因為燈碰巧熄滅了”。3.go wrong

(1)走錯路；弄錯方向

(2)失敗；不順利All our plans went wrong./ Everything went wrong in those days.(3)發生故障

The clock went wrong.[比較]表示“變為”的系動詞

(1)go 表示由積極向消極方面變化Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.又如：go mad / pale / blind / hungry

(2)become / get 表示由積極向消極或消極向積極方

面變化 The weather is getting quite warm./ Gradually he became silent.(3)turn 多接表顏色的詞 This ink turns black when it dries./ He used to be a teacher till he turned writer.注意：become a writer

(4)grow 側重變化過程 The sea is growing calm.(5)fall 進入某種狀態

All three children fell asleep.4.owe...to...受到恩惠；歸功于??(1)欠(錢)owe sb.money = owe money to sb.I owe ￡50 to my tailor.= I owe my tailor ￡50.(2)得過(某人的)好處；欠(某人的)人情債

We owe a great deal to our parents and teachers.(3)應當給予 You owe me an apology.(4)??應歸功于；??都虧得

We owe the general theory of relativity to Einstein.[拓展]表示“由于”的詞組：owing to / because of / thanks to / due to / as a result of 5.take one's place(1)入座，站好位置，取得地位Take your places, please.We are about to start.(2)take one's place = take the place of sb.代替(職務或工作等)；接替Electric trains have now taken the place of steam trains in England.[比較](1)in place(of)代替；??而不用The grown-ups had coffee but the children wanted milk in place of coffee.(2)take one's seat 在自己座位上坐下；有時等于 take one's place：More men entered and took their seats.6.think highly of 贊揚 表贊賞的詞有：

(1)think / speak highly / well / much...of: The people think very highly of him.表認為不好的詞有：

(2)think little / badly / poorly / nothing...of: Joan thought little of walking two miles to school.7.含“動詞 + away”的短語 ① do away with 去掉

② get away 逃脫，(使)離開 ③ go away 離去，出去

④ put away 放好，把??收拾起來，存(錢)以備它日之用 ⑤ run away 逃走，離開

⑥ smooth away 去除，克服

⑦ stay away(from)不在家，外出

⑧ take away 拿走，帶走，奪去，使離去 ⑨ throw away 扔掉．浪費．坐失(良機)[例句]Don't throw away such a good chance.Or you'll regret.不要放棄這么好的機會，不然的話，你會后悔 的。Put away the tools before you leave.離開前把工具收拾好。Why did you stay away from school? 你為什么不去上學? I had hoped to take a good holiday this year but I wasn't able to get away.我本打算今年好好去度假，但是我離不開。【考例】(2004重慶)Before the war broke out, many people ____ in safe places possessions they could not take with them．

A.threw away

B.put away

C.gave away

D.carried away [考查目標]此題主要考查“動詞+away”四個短語的意思。[答案與解析]B throw away 扔掉；put way 放好，把 ??收拾起來；give away 分發．泄露；carry away 沖 走。本句話意思是“在戰爭爆發以前，許多人把他們不 能帶走的財產藏在了安全的地方”。8.含“動詞 + off”的短語

① drop off 放下，下車 ② fall off(從??)掉下來

③ get off(從??)下來，動身，起飛，脫下來 ④ give off 發出，放出

⑤ jump off 跳離

⑥ put off 推遲，延期

⑦ set off 出發，引起，啟程

⑧ see sb off 為某人送行，為??送行 ⑨ switch off 關掉

⑩ take off 脫，去掉，起飛，匆匆離開，成名 ? throw off 匆忙脫掉

? turn off 關掉，避開，拐彎

[例句]The electricity supply must be turned off at the mains before you change the lighting circuit.在改變火線前，主干線的電力供應必須切斷。Mrs Garey as usual went to the door to see him off.Garey夫人像通常一樣把他送到門口。He had to put off an appointment with me on account of illness.因為疾病的緣故，他不得不推遲了與我的約會。Before the body of the car can be properly repaired, all the external fittings must be taken off.車身適當修理前，所有外部的配件必須拿下來。The fire doesn't seem to be giving off much heat.這爐火好像不大熱。【考例】(2005廣東)John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will ____ him ____ at the airport.A.send...away

B.leave...off

C.see...off

D.show...around [考查目標]此題主要考查短語see off的用法。

[答案與解析]C

see off 意為“給某人送行”；send away意為“派遣”；leave off意為“停止，不再穿”；show around意為“帶領某人參觀”。[牛刀小試2] 在下列句子的空白處填上適當的介詞或副詞。

1.My grandmother had put ____ over$50,000 when she was sixty—five years old.2.His mother had thought it would be good for his charac-ter to get ____ home and earn some money on his own.3.The market was filled ____ salted fish, giving the worst smell that you can imagine.4.--What do you think the contest?--I was told that the English Speech Contest went ____ successfully last night.5.If you had gone ____ your test paper carefully before handing it in you would have made fewer mistakes.☆句型詮釋☆

1.The reason why he could not go there was that his grades were too low.他沒能上電影學院是因為他的分數太低了。

該句巾的why引導一個定語從句，而that引導表語從句。

1.句中that引導的表語從句說明主語reason的具體內容，往往被看作是固定句型：The reason is / was that clause.當主語是reason / cause時，一般不能用because或why引導表語從句，以免造成語意重復。當主語是This / That時，可以由because / why引導表語從句。例如：One reason is that people traveled to America from all European countries.【考例】(NMET 1999)--I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.--Is that ____ you had a few days off?

A.why B.when C.what D.where [考查目標] 表語從句。[答案與解析]A 句子的意思是“那就是你請了幾天假的原因嗎?”因此可知答案為why。2.why在句中是關系副詞，引導定語從句，修飾先行詞reason，同時它在定語從句中作狀語，此時why = for which，但要注意：關系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語時，要用關系代詞that或which。

【考例】(2002上海春招)Is this the reason ____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?

A.he explained

B.what he explained

C.how he explained

D.why he explained [考查目標]定語從句。

[答案與解析]A what，how不能引導定語從句，排除B、C兩項；the reason在定語從句中作explained的賓語，可填that / which，或者也可以省略。

2.Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.好多看過這個片子的人一想起片中鯊魚食人的場面．就不敢下海游泳了。

該句是一個復雜長句，從when到句子末尾是狀語從句，在從句中包含一個由which引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞scenes;在前面的主句里面。包含一個由who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞people。例如：Those who want to go camping next Sunday sign your name here before class is over.定語從句關系詞的選擇，要遵循“瞻前顧后”的原則，所謂“瞻前”即看前面的先行詞指人還是指物；“顧后”即后面的定語從句，看關系詞在定語從句中作什么成分。例如：This is the factory where he works.(狀語)/ This is the factory(that / which)he visited.(賓語)【考例】(NMET 1992)In the dark street，there wasn't a single person ____ she could turn for help.A.that

B.who

C.from whom

D.to whom [考查目標]定語從句。

[答案與解析]D “turn to sb for help”為固定短語，意思是“向某人求助”，所以選to whom。3.When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.當有人問起他成功的秘訣時。史蒂文?斯皮爾伯格說起他的成功和幸福主要來自于妻子和孩子。

該句中的 ”when" 是時間狀語從句的省略形式。在狀語從句中，如果從句主語與主句主語一致或從句主語是it，而且從句謂語動詞是be或包含be時，常常將從句主語與be省略。例如：Although born in Chicago, the author is famous for his stories about New York.【考例】(2003上海春招)Unless ___to speak，you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited

B.inviting

C.being invited

D.having invited [考查目標]狀語從句的省略現象。

[答案與解析]A unless為連詞，后面省略了you are，所以選invited。

4.Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use knives and forks, when to drink a toast and how to behave at the table.在餐桌上，懂禮節意味著你知道如何使用刀叉，何時祝酒以及如何在用餐時舉止得體。

該句中having good manners為v-ing形式作主語。例如：Collecting stamps is one of his hobbies.▲友情提示：在v-ing 形式前加形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格，構成v-ing復合結構，在句中作主語、賓語。

【考例5】(2001上海)Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ____.A.he'd like to collect coins as well

B.he feels like collecting coins, too

C.to collect coins is also his hobby

D.collecting coins gives him great pleasure [考查目標]v-ing 作主語。

[答案與解析]D

A、B、C三項句法都無錯誤，但在and連接的并列句中，兩個簡單句的主語要保持一致的形式 fishing and collecting coins分別做兩個簡單句的主語。

5.It's polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don't take more food than you need.餐盤里的東西要吃光才禮貌，所以不要多拿。

該句中的it為形式主語，真正的主語為to finish eating ?例如：It's not right to tell lies.撒謊是不對的。

it作為形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式短語。常見的句型有： 1.It + be + adj.+ to do sth 2.It + be + n.+ to do sth 3.It + be + PP.to do sth 【考例】(2001上海)In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.A.this

B.that

C.there

D.it [考查目標] 形式主語。

[答案與解析]D 只有it才可以作形式主語。【句型歸納】

1.When / While / Though / Unless / If + n./ adj./ 現在分詞／過去分詞?? 狀語從句有些成分有時可省略，一般是主語和be省略；有時it和be可以省略： He made no answer when(he is)spoken to./Though(he was)born in Chicago, the author is most famous for his stories about New York./ Come back early if(it is)possible.[注意]用法詳見Chapter 10語法活用“省略和插入語”。2.Not only / just?but(also)連接相同的句子成分

Not only the teacher but all the students are going to visit the Science Museum.(連接主語時根據就近原則)/ They not only sang but(also)danced for a whole night./ Many people go to see this film not just because the film is interesting, but also the leading actors and actresses are all world famous./ Not only do we learn for our country, but we'll work for her in the future.(連接句子時，not only后的句子要部分倒裝)[牛刀小試3] 1.The reason ____ you failed, I think, was ____ you had turned a deaf ear to your mother's advice.A.that;because

B.why;because C.why;that

D.for that;that 2.The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.(2004 全國卷I)A.for which

B.at which C.in which

D.on which 3.When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year.(2002 上海春招)A.completed

B.completing

C.being completed

D.to be completed 4.____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(2003 上海)A.The president will attend

第五篇：高一英語必修四第二單元知識點總結

第二單元

*重點單詞及短語

1）hunger名詞，表示“饑餓，欲望”。have a hunger for sth渴望做某事。

satisfied one’s hunger解餓。

作動詞，表示“（使）饑餓”。hunger for/after表示“渴望得到”。2）thanks to表示“由于”。區別thanks to，due to和owing to：

thanks to相當于on account of；because of，多用于褒義。

owing to表示“因為”，只能作狀語。

due to也表示“因為”，可作狀語，可放在be后面，也可直接用在名詞后面。3freedom of；freedom to do?表示“??的自由”。

freedom from?不受??的影響。the freedom of sth隨意使用某物的權利。4）would rather

表示“寧愿，寧可”后接動詞原形。

would rather do?than do?表示“寧愿做??而不愿做??”。

would rather后接省略that的賓語從句，從句的謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。用過去式表示現在或將來，用過去完成式表示過去。5）suitable形容詞“合適的，適當的”。be suitable for/to sb/sth適合于??。6）term名詞，表示“術語，期限，學期”。

帶有term的短語：holiday terms冠冕堂皇的言語，奉承的言語 serve one’s term服刑 in good set terms用堅決嚴肅的語言 in the long（short）term從長遠（短期）來說 in terms of用??的字眼，從??觀點出發；換算，折合

7）refer to向某人/某事物查詢信息。提到，說到，涉及到。與某人有關。適用于。8）reduce表示“減少，縮減，縮小，降低，簡化”。

reduce?to減少到??；使陷入??的境遇；使成為??的情況；使變形，使變化； 分解，化簡。歸納成為。reduce?by減少了??。9）supply作動詞，表示“補給，供給，提供”。supply sb with sth=supply sth to/for sb。

作名詞，表示“供給，供應”，是不可數名詞。表示“供應品，補給品”，是可數名詞，常用復數形式。in short supply缺少，供應不足。

have a large/good supply of? = have large supplies of? 備有許多??。10）whatever作連接代詞，表示“無論什么，凡是??”，引導讓步狀語從句。相當于no matter

what?也可以引導名詞性從句。做疑問代詞，意思是“（究竟是）什么”。or whatever諸如此類。作副詞，常用于no+名詞，nothing，none等之后，以加強語氣。11）summary表示“總結，歸納，摘要”。in summary總的來說。作形容詞，表示“簡短的，迅速的，概括的”。

12）rid

rid sb of sth除掉某人的??。get rid of意思是“除掉，除去，擺脫”。13）regret作動詞，表示“后悔，懊惱，惋惜”。作名詞，表示“懊惱，遺憾，悔恨”。

regret sth/that?后悔某事。regret doing sth后悔干了某事。regret to do sth遺憾要干某事。It is to be regretted that?遺憾的是??。to one’s regret 抱歉，令某人遺憾的是。* 重要語法知識點

3.語法動名詞作主語賓語與動詞不定式 動名詞 定義

動名詞是一種兼有動詞和名詞特征的非限定動詞。它可以支配賓語，也能被副詞修飾。動名詞有時態和語態的變化。

解釋：動詞的ing形式如果是名詞，這個詞稱動名詞。

特征：動詞原形+ing構成，具有名詞，動詞一些特征

一、動名詞的作用

動名詞具有名詞的性質，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。

1、作主語

動名詞作主語，有時先用it作形式主語，把動名詞置于句末。這種用法在習慣句型中常用。

動名詞作主語的幾種類型

動名詞可以在句子中充當名詞所能充當的多種句子成分。在這里僅就動名詞在句子中作主語的情況進行討論。

動名詞作主語有如下幾種常見情況：

1.直接位于句首做主語。

2.用 it 作形式主語，把動名詞(真實主語)置于句尾作后置主語。

動名詞做主語時，不太常用 it 作先行主語，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。

常見的能用于這種結構的形容詞還有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。

注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容詞不能用于上述結構。

3.用于“There be”結構中。

4.用于布告形式的省略結構中。

5.動名詞的復合結構作主語

當動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，常可以在前面加上一個名詞或代詞的所有格，構成動名詞的復合結構(——這時，名詞或代詞的所有格做動名詞的邏輯主語)。動名詞的復合結構也可以在句中作主語。

6.例詞shopping fishing cycling這些都是很常見的動名詞

二、動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語的比較

動詞不定式和動名詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。但動名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動作，不定式多用來表示特指或具體動作。

注意：

1)在口語中，用動名詞作主語位于句首的較不定式多見。

2)在“It is no use?”，“It is no good?”，“It is fun?”，“It is a waste of time?”等句型中，通常用動名詞作真實主語。

3)在疑問句中，通常用動名詞的復合結構，而不用不定式的復合結構作主語。

4)在“There be”句型中，只能用動名詞，而不能用不定式作主語。

5)當句子中的主語和表語都是非限定動詞時，要遵循前后一致的原則，主語和表語在形式上要求統一。

2、作賓語（1）作動詞的賓語

某些動詞后出現非限定性動詞時只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞有：advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devo?to?, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。

（2）作介詞的賓語。

（3）作形容詞的賓語。

3、作表語

動名詞作表語時句子主語常是表示無生命的事物的名詞或what引導的名詞性從句。表語動名詞與主語通常是對等的關系，表示主語的內容，主語、表語可互換位置。

4、作定語

動名詞作定語往往表示被修飾詞的某種用途。

二、動名詞的邏輯主語

帶有邏輯主語的動名詞稱為動名詞的復合結構。當動名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時，要在動名詞之前加上物主代詞或名詞所有格，這便構成了動名詞的復合結構。其中物主代詞（名詞所有格）是邏輯上的主語，動名詞是邏輯上的謂語。動名詞復合結構在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等，分別相當于一個主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句。如

在口語中，如果動名詞復合結構作賓語，其中的物主代詞常用人稱代詞賓格，名詞所有格常用名詞普通格來代替，但在句首作主語時不能這樣來代替。

在下列情況下動名詞的邏輯主語必須用名詞的普通格或人稱代詞賓語：

a.無命名詞b.有生命名詞但表示泛指意義c.兩個以上的有生命名詞并列

三、動名詞的時態和語態

1、動名詞一般式表示的動作通常是一般性動作，即不是明確地發生在過去、現在或將來的動作，或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生的動作。

2、動名詞的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前。

3、動名詞的邏輯主語同時也是動名詞動作的承受者，動名詞用被動語態。

（1）它的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生，或在其前發生。

（2）它的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前。

（3）在某些動詞，我們常用動名詞的一般式表示完成式，盡管動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前，這似乎是一種強大的習慣。

（4）在多數情況下都避免使用動名詞被動語態完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子顯得累贅，尤其是在口語中。

（5）動名詞被動語態一般式與現在分詞被動語態一般式同形，但無進行意義，being不可省略。

四、常見題型：

1）動名詞做主語時，謂語動詞為單數。

2）在動名詞和不定式中，作為介詞的賓語是動名詞。

3）動名詞的否定直接在其前加否定詞，通過代詞的賓格或所有格形式給出邏輯主語。

4）有些詞后只能接動名詞

admit;appreciate;avoid;celebrate;consider;contemplate;defer;delay;deny;detest;discontinue;dislike;dispute;enjoy;it entails;escape;excuse;explain;fancy;feel like;finish;forgive;can’t help;hinder;imagine;it involves;keep;it means;mention;mind;miss;it necessitates;pardon;postpone;practice;prevent;recall;report;resent;resist;risk;suggest;understand?

5）另外還有一些接-ing形式的常用說法

it’s no good;it’s no/little/hardly any/ use;it’s not/hardly/scarcely use;it’s worthwhile;spend money/time;there’s no;there’s no point in;there’s nothing worse than;what’s the use/point?

6）有些詞后面加不定式和動名詞均可

remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式，但意義截然不容。

五、動名詞與現在分詞的同與不同

動名詞它在形式上與現在分詞相同，都是在動詞原形的詞末加-ing。在現代語法中，這兩種形式同視為“-ing形式”。這兩種形式的另一個相同之處是：它們都是由動詞變化而成的，它們都保留了動詞的某些特征，它們都能帶自己的賓語、狀語，而構成動名詞短語或是現在分詞短語去擔當句子成分。

區別：

1?動名詞和現在分詞都可以用于系動詞之后作表語,區別方法是：

①作表語的動名詞與主語指的是同一件事,此時系動詞相當于“是”,通常把主語和表語的位置互換,語法和意思不變。

②現在分詞作表語主要用以說明主語的性質,不能與主語互換位置。

2?動名詞和現在分詞都可以用作定語來修飾名詞,兩者的區別在于：

動名詞修飾名詞時主要表示該名詞的用途,而現在分詞修飾名詞時性質?狀態或動作等。

被動語態

一、被動語態的用法：

1.一般現在時的被動語態構成：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞。

2.一般過去時的被動語態構成：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞。

3.現在完成時的被動語態構成：has / have + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞。

4.一般將來時的被動語態構成：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞。

5.含有情態動詞的被動語態構成：情態動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞。

6.現在進行時的被動語態構成：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞。

7.不定式的被動語態：to + be + 及物動詞的過去分詞。

二、怎樣把主動語態改成被動語態?

把主動語態改為被動語態非常簡單，可以遵循以下幾個步驟：

1.先找出謂語動詞；2.再找出謂語動詞后的賓語；

3.把賓語用作被動語態中的主語；4.注意人稱、時態和數的變化。

三、使用被動語態應注意的幾個問題：

1.不及物動詞無被動語態。2.有些動詞用主動形式表示被動意義。

3.感官動詞或使役動詞使用省略to的動詞不定式，主動語態中不帶to，但變為被動語態時，須加上to。

4.如果是接雙賓語的動詞改為被動語態時，直接賓語(物)作主語，那么動詞后要用介詞，這個介詞是由與其搭配的動詞決定,或是間接賓語加被動語態再加只接賓語。

5.一些動詞短語用于被動語態時，動詞短語應當看作一個整體，而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。不定式

[不定式的簡介]

1.不定式定義:由to＋動詞原形構成。

不定式是一種非限定性動詞。而非限定動詞是指那些在句中不能單獨充當謂語的動詞，可分為不定式，動名詞，現在分詞和過去分詞。

2.用途：在句中不能作謂語。它具有動詞的性質，本身可以帶賓語和狀語。[動詞不定式的時態、語態]

動詞不定式可以作以上各種成分，但它畢竟是動詞，所以有動詞的屬性

動詞不定式及其短語還可以有自己的賓語、狀語，雖然動詞不定式在語法上沒有表面上的直接主語，但它表達的意義是動作，這一動作一定由使動者發出。這一使動者我們稱之為 邏輯主語，其形式如下：

主動形式 被動形式

一般式（not)to make（not)to be made 完成式（not)to have made(not)to have been made

進行式（not)to be making（not）to have been making

(1)語態

如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動語態形式。

在There be結構中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動，也可用主動。如：There are still many things to t ake care of(to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.(We have nothing to do now.)There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

(2)時態

1)現在時：一般現在時表示的動詞，有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生，有時發生在謂語動詞的動作之后。

2)完成時：表示的動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。

3)進行時： 表示動作正在進行，與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。

4)完成進行時： [疑問詞＋不定式結構]

疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表 語等。

疑問詞＋不定式部分，均可轉換為相應的從句形式。經常在這種結構中使用的動詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。[動詞不定式的語法功能]

一、作主語

動詞不定式作主語時，句子的謂語動詞常用單數，其位置有以下兩種：

(1)把不定式置于句首

(2)用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：

①It＋be＋名詞＋to do ②It takes sb+some time+to do

③It＋be＋形容詞＋for sb＋to do ④It＋be＋形容詞＋of sb＋to do

⑤It seems(appears)＋形容詞＋to do

在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚或批評的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時相當于Sb is＋形容詞＋to do句式。

二、作賓語

1)動詞+ 不定式

afford.aim.appear.agree.arrange.ask.be.decide.bother.care.choose.come.dare.demand.desire.determine.expect.elect.endeavor.hope.fail.happen.help.hesitate.learn.long.mean.manage.offer.ought.plan.prepare.pretend.promise.refuse.seem.tend.wait.wish.undertake.2）動詞+不定式 ；動詞+賓語+不定式

ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish?

3）動詞+疑問詞+ to

decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell

4)以下動詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語。

5)當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定式置于補語之后，即：主語＋動 詞＋it＋補語＋to do句式。

三、作補語

1)動詞+賓語+不定式(to do)

advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instruct invite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warn

Find 的特殊用法：

Find 后可用分詞做賓補，或先加形式賓語，再加形容詞，最后加帶to 的動詞不定式。find后也可帶一個從句。此類動詞還有get，have。

2)to + be 的不定式結構，作補語的動詞。

Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand

3)to be +形容詞

Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean?

4)there be+不定式

believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand

有些動詞需用as 短語做補語，如regard, think believe, take, consider.四、作表語

不定式作表語表示具體動作或將來動作；動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。

當主語和表語都是不定式時，其含義一是條件，一是結果。當主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組時，或以what引導的名詞性分句，不定式說明主語的內容。

動名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉換，另外，動名詞作表語還應與進行時態區別開來。

五、作狀語

1）目的狀語 to?only to(僅僅為了), in order to, so as to, so(such)?as to?(如此??以便??)

2）作結果狀語，表事先沒有預料到的，要放在句子后面。3)表原因

六、作定語

⒈不定式作定語

不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。

不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關系：

(1)表示將來的動作。(2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系，如是不及物動詞，則需加介詞。

(3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系，同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關系時，盡管有被動含義，卻仍 用主動語態；如只有動賓關系，而無邏輯上的主謂關系，則需用被動語態。

(4)不定式作定語時，一般可轉換為定語從句。[省to 的動詞不定式]

1）情態動詞(除ought 外，ought to)： 2）使役動詞 let, have, make：

3）感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補，省略to。注意：在被動語態中則to 不能省掉。

4）表示個人意愿或傾向的would rather，had better，might(just)as well：rather than置于句首時。

5）Why? / why not?：6）help 可帶to，也可不帶to, help sb(to)do sth：

7）but和except：but前是動詞do時，后面出現的動詞用不帶to的動詞不定式。

8）由and, or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to 可以省去：

9）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be：

10）but作介詞，后接不定式結構時，前面謂語動詞部分若含有do的形式時，but后的不定式要省去to，否則要帶to。

11）當兩個或多個不定時短語由連詞and，but或or連接時，后一個或幾個不定式符號to常省略。但若表示對比、對照關系時，則不能省略。

12）不定式做表語時，一般要帶to，但若主語部分中含有do的各種形式時，符號to可省去。[不定式的特殊句型]

1、不定式的特殊句型so as to

1）表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。2)so kind as to —勞駕

2、“Why not +動詞原形”表達向某人提出建議

“為什么不??？” “干嗎不??？”

3、It’s for sb.和 It’s of sb.1）for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特點，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：

2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

for 與of 的辨別方法：

用介詞后面的代詞作主語，用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語，造個句子。如果道理上通順用of，不通則用for。

4、不定式的特殊句型too?to?

1）too?to 太??以至于??

2)如在too前有否定詞，則整個句子用否定詞表達肯定，too 后那個詞表達一種委婉含義，意為“不太”。

3)當too 前面有only, all, but時，意思是：非常?等于very。

一為不定式+動詞原形；

一為介詞+名詞/動名詞, to 在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+ 名詞/動名詞：

admit to承認，confess to承認，be accustomed to習慣于，be used to習慣于，stick to 堅持，turn to開始，著手于，devote oneself to 獻身于，be devoted to 致力于，look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意

介詞but,except,besides+to do(do)

在這種句型中，如介詞前有動詞do，后面應接不帶to的不定式；如無do，則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to，帶to不帶do。[動詞不定式與動名詞區別與聯系]

1）動名詞與不定式的區別：

動名詞表達的是： 狀態，性質，心境，抽象，經常性，已發生的 不定式表達的是： 目的，結果，原因，具體，一次性，將發生的。

2）接不定式或動名詞，意義相同。

3）在下列情況下，一般要用不定式： ①hate,like,love前有would(should)時。

②當謂語動詞begin,continue,start等是進行式時。

③begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態動詞連用時。

④advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動詞后接動名詞作賓語或帶不定式作賓補。

4）部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大，應根據句子語境選擇使用。

①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示現在或未來的動作，接動名詞表示動作已經發生。如： forget doing/to do

forget to do 忘記要去做某事。(未做)forget doing 忘記做過某事。(已做)stop doing/to do

stop to do 停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。

stop doing 停止做某事。

remember doing/to do

remember to do 記得去做某事(未做)remember doing 記得做過某事(已做)regret doing/to do regret to do 對要做的事遺憾。(未做)regret doing 對做過的事遺憾、后悔。(已做)cease doing/to do cease to do 長時間，甚至永遠停做某事。

cease doing 短時停止做某事，以后還會接著做。

try doing/to do

try to do 努力，企圖做某事。try doing 試驗，試著做某事。

go on doing/to do

go on to do 做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing 繼續做原來做的事。

be afraid doing/to do

be afraid to do 不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為”怕”；

be afraid of doing 擔心出現doing的狀況、結果。doing 是客觀上造成的，意為”生怕，恐怕”。be interested doing/to do

interested to do 對做某事感興趣，想了解某事。interested in doing 對某種想法感興趣，doing 通常為想法。mean to doing/to do

mean to do 打算、想mean doing 意味著

begin(start)doing/to do

begin / start to do sth

begin / start doing sth.1)談及一項長期活動或開始一種習慣時，使用doing。

2)begin, start用進行時時，后面動詞用不定式to do。

3)在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize這類動詞時，常用不定式to do。4)物作主語時用to do。

⒉動詞不定式的時態,語態

(1)時態

①一般式:動詞不定式一般式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之后,有時表示同時發生。

②完成式:表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。

③進行式:表示的動作與謂語動詞同時發生。

(2)語態

如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者,不定式一般要用被動語態形式。

在There be結構中,修飾主語的不定式可用被動,也可用主動.如:There are still many things to take care of(to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.(We have nothing to do now.)There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

⒊動名詞的時態,語態

(1)時態

①一般式:動名詞的一般式所表示的動作可以是泛指,也可與謂語動詞同時發生,或發生在謂語動作之前，之后。

②完成式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前。

(2)被動語態

①如果動名詞的邏輯主語為動名詞所表示的動作的承受者,動名詞要用被動語態,動名詞的被動語態有一 般式與完成式之分。

②有些動詞后的動名詞用主動形式,但表示被動意義。

⒋在口語中,為避免重復,常用”to”代替不定式結構,有時甚至可以把to省略。

⒌在why引起的問句中,省略”to”.如：

Why spend such a lot of money Why not wait for a couple of days

⒍當兩個或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用時,只在第一個不定式前加”to”。

⒎”to”在下列短語中是”介詞”,后接動名詞或名詞形式。

devote?to, face up to(勇敢地面對),look forward to(盼望),object to(反對),take to(養 成習慣,對??感興趣;開始從事某種活動),be used to(習慣于)等。