第一篇：北京大學版博士生綜合英語詞匯教案unit6

Unit Six Death and Justice

New Words and Expressions:

1.clemency: n [U](fml 文)1 mildness(esp of weather)溫和（尤指天氣）.2 mercy(esp when punishing sb)仁慈（尤指懲罰某人時）: He appealed to the judge for clemency.他乞求法官開恩.2.aggravate: v [Tn] 1 make(a disease, a situation, an offence, etc)worse or more serious 使（疾病, 情況, 罪過等）惡化, 更壞, 加重, 加劇: He aggravated his condition by leaving hospital too soon.他因過早出院而使病情惡化.2(infml 口)irritate(sb);annoy 激怒;惹惱: He aggravates her just by looking at her.他只是看著她就把她惹惱了.3.mutilate: v [Tn] injure, damage or disfigure(sb/sth)by breaking, tearing or cutting off a necessary part（折斷、撕去、割掉某部分）使（某人[某事物]）損傷, 殘缺, 外形損毀: The invaders cut off their prisoners' arms and legs and threw their mutilated bodies into the ditch.侵略者把俘虜的四肢砍掉, 然後把殘缺不全的軀體扔進溝里.* A madman mutilated the painting by cutting holes in it.有個瘋子破壞了那幅畫, 在上面捅了許多窟窿.*(fig 比喻)The editor mutilated my text by removing whole paragraphs from it.那編輯把我的文稿整段整段刪掉, 弄得面目全非.4.reverence: n 1 [U] ~(for sb/sth)feeling of deep respect or(esp religious)veneration尊敬;（尤指宗教的）崇敬: He removed his hat as a sign of reverence.他脫下帽子表示敬意.* He felt/had/showed great reverence for Leonardo.他非常崇拜列奧納多.5.heinous: adj very wicked 極兇惡的:a heinous crime, criminal 十惡不赦的罪行、罪犯.6.reprehensible：adj(fml 文)deserving to be reprehended 應受指責的: Your conduct/attitude is most reprehensible.你的行為[態度]的確應該受到批評.? reprehend: v [Tn](fml 文)criticize or rebuke(sb or sb's behaviour)批評或指責（某人或某人的行為）.7.barbaric: adj(often derog 常作貶義)of or like

barbarians;extremely wild, rough, cruel or rude 野蠻人的;野蠻的;極其粗野、粗魯、殘忍或殘暴的: barbaric splendour, cruelty, taste 野蠻人的奇觀、殘忍、趣味.8.gallows:(also the gallows)n(pl unchanged;usu sing

with sing v 復數不變, 通常作單數,與單數動詞連用)wooden framework on which criminals are put to death by hanging 絞架: to send a man to the gallows, ie condemn him to death 把一男子送上絞架（處死）.9.hygienic: adj free from germs that cause disease;clean

衛生的;清潔的: hygienic conditions 衛生的環境.> hygiene: n [U] study and practice of cleanliness as a way of maintaining good health and preventing disease 衛生（學）: Wash regularly to ensure personal hygiene.要經常洗澡以保證個人衛生.* In the interests of hygiene, please do not smoke in this shop.請勿在本店吸煙以利健康.10.chemotherapy: n [U] treatment of disease by drugs and

other chemical substances 化學療法.11.flagrant: adj(usu of an aciton)particularly bad，shocking and obvious（通常指行為）極壞的, 駭人聽聞的, 公然的: a flagrant breach of justice 公然違反公正原則 * flagrant violations of human rights 對人權的粗暴踐踏.12.homicide: n 1 [U] killing of one person by another 殺人:

be accused of homicide 被控犯有殺人罪.2 [C] person who kills another 殺人者.13.implacable: adj that cannot be changed or satisfied 不

能變動的;無法平息或安撫的: implacable hatred, fury, opposition 無法消解的仇恨、憤怒、對立 * an implacable enemy, rival, etc 勢不兩立的敵人、競爭對手等.14.foe: n(fml or dated 文或舊)enemy 敵人

15.chaplain: n clergyman attached to the chapel of a school，prison, etc, or serving in the armed forces（學校、監獄、軍隊等的）教士: an army chaplain 隨軍教士.16.strangle: v 1 [Tn] kill(sb)by squeezing or gripping the

throat tightly;throttle 扼死, 勒死, 絞死, 掐死（某人）;使窒息: He strangled her with her own scarf.他用她的圍巾把她勒死了.*(infml 口)I could cheerfully strangle you for getting me into this mess!你讓我這樣難堪, 我恨不得掐死你!*(fig 比喻)This stiff collar is strangling me, ie making it difficult for me tobreathe.這硬領把我的脖子卡得喘不過氣來.2(a)[Tn]restrict or prevent the proper growth, operation or development of(sth)限制或阻止（某事物）的正常生長、操作或發展: She felt her creativity was being strangled.她覺得她的創造力難以發揮.(b)[Tn usu passive 通常用於被動語態] restrict the utterance of(sth)限制（某事物）的發聲: a strangled(ie partly suppressed)cry 哽咽.17.penitentiary: n(US)federalor state prison for people who have committed serious crimes（聯邦或州的）監獄

18.median: adj(mathematics 數)situated in or passing through the middle 在中間的;通過中點的: a median point, line, value 中點、中線、中值.19.sophistic: adj of or relating to sophists or sophistry;consisting of sophisms or sophistry;specious詭辯的，巧辯的 ? sophism: n [C, U](fml 文)(use of)such arguments 詭辯;詭辯之辭

20.proscribe: v [Tn](fml 文)1 state officially that(sth)is dangerous or forbidden 正式宣布（某事物）有危險或被禁止: The sale of narcotics is proscribed by law.法律禁止販賣毒品.2(formerly)place(sb)outside the protection of the law;outlaw（舊時）剝奪對（某人）的法律保護, 使失去法律保障.21.biblical: adj of or in the Bible 圣經的;圣經中的: a biblical theme, expression 有關圣經的題目、言辭 * biblical times, language 圣經的時代、語言

22.vindicate: v [Tn](fml 文)1 clear(sb/sth)of blame or suspicion 澄清（某人[某事物]）受到的責難或嫌疑: The report fully vindicated the unions.這份報告充分說明工會是正確的.* I consider that I've been completely vindicated.我認為已經證實了我完全無辜.2 show or prove the truth, justice, validity, etc(of sth that has been disputed)表明或證明（所爭辯的事物）屬實、正當、有效等: Subsequent events vindicated his suspicions.後來的事實表明他的懷疑有道理.* Her claim to the title was vindicated by historians.她說她有權得到這一頭銜, 歷史學家證明此事屬實.23.ambivalent: adj having or showing mixed feelings about a certain object, person or situation 對某物, 某人或某境況具有或顯示矛盾情感的: an ambivalent attitude towards one's best friend's wife 對至友的妻子有矛盾的心態

24.endorse: v [Tn] 1 write one's name on the back of(esp a

cheque)在（尤指支票）的背面簽字;背書.2(a)write comments, etc in or on the back of(a document)在（文件）的背面寫評論;批注（公文）.(b)(Brit)record details of a motoring offence in(a driving licence)在（駕駛執照上）記錄違章事項: He's had his licence

endorsed for dangerous driving.他的駕駛執照上載有危險駕駛記錄.3 give one's(official)approval or

support to(a claim, statement, etc)（正式）贊同或支持（某要求、言論等）: I am afraid I can't endorse your opinion of the government's record.很抱歉, 你對政府功過的看法本人不敢茍同.4 say in an advertisement

that one uses and approves of(a product)在廣告上說本人使用并贊許（某產品）: Well-known sportsmen can

earn large sums of money from manufacturers by endorsing clothes and equipment.著名運動員在廣告

中替廠家宣傳運動服裝和器械, 可獲得巨額報酬.25.state-sanctioned: 政府或國家批準的

? sanction: n 1 [U] permission or approval for an action, a change, etc（對某種行動、變化等的）認可, 批準: The book was translated without the

sanction of the author.這本書未經作者許可就給翻譯了.* The government gave its sanction to what the Minister had done.政府對這位部長的做法均已認可.* These measures have the sanction of

tradition, ie seem justified because they have often been taken before.這些措施已約定俗成.2 [C]

reason that stops people disobeying laws, rules, etc 使人們不違背法律、規定等的因素或約束力: Is

prison the best sanction against a crime like this? 為遏止這類罪行, 監禁手段是否是上策? * The fear of ridicule is a very effective sanction.人們不

做違法亂紀的事, 其中一個重要因素就是怕人恥笑.3 measure taken to force a country to obey international law（迫使某國服從國際法的）處罰措施, 制裁: apply economic sanctions against a repressive regime 對一壓制人民的政體實行經濟制裁.26.extortion: n 1 [U] action of extorting 強奪;強搶;勒索;敲詐: obtain money by extortion 勒索金錢.2 [C] instance of this 強奪;強搶;勒索;敲詐.? extort: v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth(from sb)obtain sth by violence, threats, etc 強奪;強搶;勒索;敲詐:

extort money from sb 勒索某人的金錢 * The

police used torture to extort a confession from him.警方對他嚴刑逼供.27.cowardice: n [U](derog 貶)feelings or behaviour of a coward;fearfulness 膽小;怯懦: a battle lost owing to the troops' cowardice 由於部隊畏縮不前而招致的戰斗失利 * abject cowardice 可鄙的怯懦行為.? coward: n(derog 貶)person who lacks courage;person who runs away from danger 膽小鬼;懦夫: You miserable coward!你這可憐的膽小鬼!* I'm a terrible coward when it comes to dealing with sick people, ie It scares me and I avoid it.我一和病人打交道就提心吊膽.? cowardly: adj(derog 貶)lacking courage;of or like a coward 膽小的;怯懦的;（似）膽小鬼的: cowardly lies, behaviour, actions 怯懦的謊言、行為、舉動 * It was cowardly of you not to admit your mistake.你不承認錯誤就不是好樣兒的.28.equate: v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth(to/with sth)consider sth as equal or equivalent(to sth else)認為某事物（與另一事物）相等或相仿: You can't equate the education system of Britain to that of Germany.不能把英國教育制度與德國教育制度等同起來.* He equates poverty with misery.他認為貧窮就是不幸.29.paramount: adj(fml 文)having the greatest importance or significance;supreme最重要的;最重大的;至上的: This matter is of paramountimportance.此事至關重大.* The reduction of unemployment should be paramount in the government's economic policy.降低失業率應是政府經濟政策的頭等大事.

第二篇：Unit6教案

Period Three(Section A 3a---3c)Knowledge and skill：

1.Master the key words and expression:

object, magic, stick, hide, tail, turn…into, excite, western

2.Learn to tell stories.3.Develop students’ reading and comprehensive skills.Processes and method: Employ task-based teaching mode,and get the students to learn language points by reading drilling.Emotion ,attitude and value：

Arise students’ interest in legends.Difficulties and focus: Master the key words and expressions.Learn how to tell stories

Develop students’ comprehensive skills.Step 1 Revision Let some Ss tell the story of Yu Gong moves a mountain.Step 2 New words 1.Look at the pictures and learn about the new words.1.object n.物體 2.tail n.尾巴 3.stick n.棍；條 4.excite v.使激動；使興奮 5.western adj.西方的

Step 3 Warming-up 1.Look at the pictures and answer the questions.1.Who are they? 2.In which book are they the main characters? 3.Which character do you like best? Keys: 1.They’re Zhu Bajie, Su Wukong, Sha Heshang and Tang Seng.2.Journey to the West.3.I like Monkey King best.4 Watch a video about the Monkey King.Step 4 Reading Work on 3a: 1.Tell Ss to read the article in 3a quickly and try to find the answers to the questions: ① Which book is talked about? ② Who is the main character? ③ What is he like? Ss read the article quickly and try to answer the questions: 2.The Monkey King.3.He is not just any normal monkey.In fact, he sometimes does not even look like a monkey!Work on 3b: What he can do: ① He can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects ② He can make his magic stick small or large.What he can’t do:

Unless he can hide his tail, he can’t turn himself into a person.Step 5 Careful Reading 1.Read the passage again and judge the sentences below True or False.1.Most pupils in England watch the TV program called Monkey in 1979 for the first time.2.Journey to the West is a new Chinese book.It’s new to Chinese children 3.Monkey King is just a normal monkey.4.Monkey King can make 72 changes to his shape and size.5.If the Monkey King can hide his tail, he can turn himself into a person.6.The Monkey King uses a magic stick to fight the bad people.7.The Monkey King’s magic stick is so long that he can’t hide it in his ear.8.Western children like to read this book because the Monkey King keeps fighting to help the weak and never give up.Keys: 1: T 2: F 3: F 4: T 5: T 6: T 7: F 8: T Work on 3c Let students complete the sentences with phrases from the passage.Check the answers。

Keys: 1.traditional 2.came out, became interested in 3.make 72 changes, turn himself into 4.is able to Step 6 Language points 1.…turning himself into different animals and objects.turn…into… 變成

e.g.I have a dream that I've turned into an elephant.我夢見自己變成了大象。2.But unless he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a person.unless conj.如果不；除非。引導條件狀語從句，=if…not。e.g.Unless I do, we’ll be lost.如果我不這樣做, 我們會迷路的。hide v.隱藏；隱蔽。(hide-hid-hidden)e.g.Where did you hide the money? 你把錢藏哪里了？

I hid the broken plate behind the table.我把打碎的盤子藏在餐桌后面了。3.…the Monkey King uses a magic stick.magic adj.有魔力的；有神奇力量的

e.g.All the people heard of the magic carpet.所有人聽說過魔毯的故事。Step7 Exercises Ⅰ.Choose the correct words.magic, birth, hide, tail, turn…into, western 1.Four years later, Laura gave _____ to a son.2.They want to _____ the old house into a hotel.3.England lies to the _______ part of Europe.4.She broke her _______ mirror into pieces.5.Dogs wag their_____ when they’re pleased.6.Don’t ______behind the door.It’s not safe.Keys: birth, turn, western, magic, tails, hide Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks.1.A neighbor ______(call)Tony, helped me repair my fence yesterday.2.The Monkey King can make 72________(change)to his shape and size.3.His uncle isn’t interested in _________(play)chess at all.4.The two boys kept ________(skate)for one hour.5.No one _______(be)able to answer him at that time.Keys: called, changes, playing, skating, was Homework Make sentences with these words.be able to;make 72 changes, turn…into;so…that;came out;become interested in;keep doing sth.Board Design

Which book is talked about? Who is the main character/ What is he like?

Step8教學反思

本課時是閱讀課，旨在通讀文本閱讀，教學生學會講故事，在了解中國傳統神話故事的同時，提高閱讀領悟能力。由于話題是學生熟悉且喜歡的孫悟空，所以同學們表現了極高的學習熱情，都能積極地發言，踴躍參與活動，很好地完成本節課的任務，達到了預期的教學目標，并且培養學生閱讀的習慣。

第三篇：北京大學2001年博士生入學考試試題全

北京大學2001年博士生入學考試試題

2001年博士研究生入學考試試題

考試科目：科學哲學（含技術哲學）

招生專業：科學技術哲學

研究方向：科學哲學與技術哲學

指導教師：吳國盛

如下3題任選2題（每題25分）：

1，試論波普科學哲學與邏輯經驗主義科學哲學的聯系和分歧。

2，試論庫恩的常規科學。

3，拉卡托斯（I.Lakatos）如何批評并且維護波普（Karl R.Popper）？

如下3題任選2題（每題25分）：

1，按照海德格爾，笛卡兒的“我思”與近代科學的數學化之間有一種什么樣的內在聯系？ 2，胡塞爾認為科學的危機表現為科學喪失生活意義。在他看來，近代科學是怎樣喪失生活意義的？

3，談談“興趣”如何制約“認識”。

考試科目：科學思想史（含自然哲學）

招生專業：科學技術哲學

研究方向：自然哲學與科學思想史

指導教師：吳國盛

如下4題任選3題（每題25分）：

1，試論機械自然觀與近代心物二元論的關系。

2，柏拉圖在《蒂邁歐篇》中如何論證宇宙是一個球體？給出你的評論。3，試評述亞里士多德關于宇宙有限性的論證。

4，伯特如何說明認識問題會成為近代哲學的核心問題？試作評論。

如下2題任選1題（每題25分）：

1，I.B.科恩在《牛頓革命》一書中提出，構成牛頓革命之基本特征的是“牛頓風格”。請闡明科恩所謂的“牛頓風格”，并以科學史上的一個案例來說明“牛頓風格”對后世科學發展的巨大影響。

2，達爾文的理論提出后，面臨的主要科學難題是什么，這些難題后來是怎么解決的？

考試科目：中國哲學史

招生專業：非中哲專業

（共四題，每題25分）

一、孟子人性論及其論證

二、張載的氣一元論

三、羅欽順的心性論

四、方以智哲學中的辨證思想

考試科目：西方哲學史

招生專業：非西哲專業

一、名詞解釋（每個詞5分，共20分）：

1、靈魂助產術；

3、（斯賓諾莎講的）實體；

2、唯名論；

4、休謨講的兩種知識。

二、闡述題（任選4題，每題20分，共80分）：

1、舉例說明畢達哥拉斯關于“數”的學說如何體現出“對立”與“和諧”的原則。

2、芝諾反對運動的論證是否合理？為什么？

3、亞里士多德如何看待德性？分析他的德性觀與他的自然觀的關系。

4、介紹并討論笛卡兒的“我思故我在”。

5、黑格爾如何批判地吸收康德的思想？

考試科目：倫理學原理

招生專業：倫理學

指導教師：何懷宏

1、試述元倫理學、規范倫理學與德性倫理學的區別與聯系（40分）

2、試論道德判斷的根據以及義務論與目的論的分野（60分）

考試科目：宗教學原理

招生專業：宗教學

指導教師：張志剛

研究方向：宗教學原理和宗教哲學

論述題（每題25分，共100分）

1、試述宗教學創始人的方法論觀念。

2、試評康德對“宗教的本質”的看法。

3、試評希克的宗教多元論觀點。

4、結合某種有影響的理論，談談你對宗教與文化關系問題的見解。

考試科目：佛教哲學

招生專業：宗教學（姚衛群）

研究方向：佛教哲學與印度宗教哲學

試題（在以下論述題中任選其中五題，每題20分，共100分）：

一、原始佛教對人生現象的基本分析。

二、早期大乘經的主要種類和基本思想。

三、中觀派與瑜伽行派在“空”觀念上的同與異。

四、僧肇對般若思想在中國傳播所起的作用。

五、道生的佛性觀念。

六、禪宗基本思想與印度佛典的關聯。

考試科目：西方哲學

招生專業：外國哲學

回答下列問題（每題20分，總分100分）

一、亞里士多德的形而上學與邏輯學有何聯系？

二、試以奧古斯丁或以安瑟爾謨或以托馬斯的有關論述（三者選一即可）為例，說明信仰與理性關系問題在中世紀哲學中的地位。

三、翻譯下面一段話，并說明它在西方形而上學史上的意義。

“Being” is obviously not a real predicate;that is, it is not a concept of something which could be added to the concept of a thing.It is merely the positing of a thing, or of certain determinations, as existing in themselves.Logically, it is merely the copula of a judgment.The proposition, “God is omnipotent,” contains two cconcepts, each of which has its object-God and omnipotence.The small word “is” adds no new predicate, but only serves to posit the predicate in its relation to the subject.If, now, we take the subject(God)with all its predicates(among which is omnipotence), and say “God is,” or “There is a God,” We attach no new predicate to the concept of God, but only posit the subject in itself with all its predicates, and indeed posit it as being an object that stands in relation to my concept.四、奎因是如何批評邏輯經驗主義的？

五、試從本體論、意識觀和倫理觀等角度綜合論述薩特的自由理論。

考試科目：中國哲學和中國美學（大陸）

招生專業：中國美學史

第5題必做，其他4題任選3題，每題25分

1、試析儒家美學的現代價值。

2、試析《樂記》“和”的美學思想。

3、從美學的角度分析禪宗頓悟學說的理論價值。

4、宗白華意境論述評。

5、闡述下面這段文字的美學內涵：

圣人含道應物，賢者澄懷味像。至于山水，質有而趣靈。是以軒轅、堯、孔、廣成、大隗、許由、孤竹之流，必有崆峒、具茨、藐姑、箕、首、大蒙之游焉，又稱仁智之樂焉。夫圣人以神法道而賢者通，山水以形媚道而仁者樂，不亦幾乎！

余眷戀廬、衡，契闊荊、巫，不知老之將至，愧不能凝氣怡身，傷跕石門之流，于是畫象布色，構茲云嶺。

夫理絕于中古之上者，可意求于千載之下，旨微于言象之外者，可心取于書策之內，況乎身所盤桓，目所綢繆，以形寫形，以色貌色也。

且夫昆侖山之大，瞳子之小，迫目以寸，則其形莫睹；迥以數里，則可圍于寸眸。誠由去之稍闊，則其見彌小。今張綃素以遠映，則昆、閬之形，可圍于方寸之內。豎劃三寸，當千仞之高，橫墨數尺，體百里之遠。是以觀畫圖者，徒患類之不巧，不以制小而累其似，此自然之勢。如是，則嵩華之秀，玄牝之靈，皆可得之于一圖矣。

夫以應目會心為理者，類之成巧，則目亦同應，心亦俱會，應會感神，神超理得，雖復虛求

幽巖，何以加焉？又神本亡端，棲形感類，理入影跡，誠能妙寫，亦誠盡矣。

于是閑居理氣，拂觴鳴琴，披圖幽對，坐究四荒，不違天勵之叢，獨應無人之野，峰岫峣嶷，云林森眇，圣賢映于絕代，萬趣融其神思，余復何為哉？暢神而已。神之所暢，孰有先焉！（南朝宋宗炳《畫山水序》）

附注：

1、跕（tīē）：小步走。

2、峣嶷（yāo yí）：形容山勢險峻的樣子。

考試科目：西方哲學和西方美學試題（大陸）

招生專業：中國美學史

一、請概述古希臘摹仿說的發展。

二、簡述法國新古典主義的美學思想。

三、“崇高”作為一個美學范疇在西方經歷怎樣的發展過程？

四、簡論康德對席勒美育思想的影響。

五、簡要評述克羅齊的美學思想體系。

以上五題選做四題，每題25分

考試科目：中國哲學史

招生專業：中哲（國內）

導師；李中華

一、簡論《易傳》與《老子》思想之異同（30分）

二、試論支遁與郭象對莊子逍遙義的不同解釋（30分）

三、簡述先秦時期儒、道、法三家對春秋以來“百家爭鳴”的評論與總結（40分）

考試科目：中國哲學史

招生專業：中國哲學（國內）

導師：陳來

（共五題，任選四題每題25分）

一、荀子對先秦諸子的評論

二、張載的心性論

三、程顥的生之謂性說

四、王畿的良知異見說

五、康有為與譚嗣同“仁”思想之異同

考試科目：中國哲學史

招生專業：中哲

導師：魏常海

一、分析并比較《老子》與《莊子》對道、有、無的論述（25分）

二、解釋分析《壇經》中的“三科法門”（25分）

三、論述并比較《大乘起信論》和《成唯識論》中的阿賴耶識（阿黎耶識）概念（25分）

四、論述分析《傳習錄》中的“四句”教說（25分）

考試科目：現代中國哲學史

招生專業：中哲（胡軍）

研究方向：現代中國哲學

（共五題，每題20分）

一、評述胡適的實驗主義方法論

二、談談你對梁漱溟前期文化理論的看法

三、金岳霖共相理論的意義及評價

四、賀麟知行觀的內容及意義

五、馮友蘭在中國哲學史研究方面的貢獻是什么

考試科目：馬克思主義哲學

招生專業：馬克思主義哲學

導師：王東、豐子義

一、結合我國學術界討論的情況，談談你對馬克思主義哲學實質的理解。（25分）

二、試論馬克思交往理論的主要內容及其現實意義。（25分）

三、試述歷史唯物主義關于歷史決定論與主題選擇的相互關系。（25分）

四、試析“實事求是”與實用主義。（25分）

考試科目：一階邏輯

招生專業：邏輯學

研究方向：邏輯哲學

導師：陳波

一、（10分）求以下公式的合取范式和析取范式，并用合取范式判別其是否是重言式。

（1）（p→q）﹤─﹥(q→p).(2)(p→q∨r)→（p∧﹁q→r）

二、（20分）一個命題演算系統的公理是：

(1)A→A

(2)A→(B→A)

(3)(A→(B→C))→((A→B)→(A→C))

(4)(A→B)∧(A→C)→(A→B∧C)

推演規則是：

（1）從{A，A→B}推出B

（2）從{A，B}推出A∧B

證明：

（1）├ A→A∧（B→A）。

（3）如果Γ∪{A}├ B，則Γ├ A→B。

三、（10分）用謂詞邏輯的公式表達以下命題，聯結詞只允許用﹁和→，量詞只允許用∨。

（1）有學生喜歡所有的教師或每個教師都被某個學生不喜歡。

（2）任給實數x，y，如果x小于y，則存在有理數z，使得x 小于Z且Z小于y.四、（10分）用結構歸納法構造函數F，使得任給公式A，都有F(A)=A中聯結詞和量詞的集合。

五、（10分）討論以下公式中y，z對x是否代入自由，如果代入自由，請寫出代入后的公

式。

（1）?xP(x)→?y(P(y)→P(x)

(2)?z(R(x,y)∨P(y))→R(y,x)

六、（10分）證明：

?x(P(x)∨Q(x))→﹁(?x﹁P(x)∧?x﹁Q(x))

是可滿足的但不是普遍有效的。

七、（10分）證明：如果?xA是普遍有效的，則A也是普遍有效的。

八、（20分）Γ是公式集，如果從Γ├A得到A∈Γ，則稱Γ是推演封閉集。證明：如果Γ是推演封閉集，則以下兩條件等價：

（1）Γ是極大和諧集。

（2）任給公式A，﹁A∈Γ當且僅當AΓ。

第四篇：2015北京大學光學前沿博士生學術論壇征稿啟事

2015北京大學光學前沿博士生學術論壇征稿啟事

Posted by on 2015-05-25 17:52:56: 以光學學科研究培養為出發點，為了培養和造就一批適應當代光學和 光子學發展需求的高級人才，引導學生以更廣泛的學術視野開展研究，適應學術交流氛圍，提高創新能力和學術交流能力，將在北京 大學舉辦“光學前沿博士生學術論壇”。

論壇將于2015年7月26日至7月29日在北京召開，王家騏院士將出席開營儀式并做報告 “敏捷對地觀察技術”。

論壇擬設定6個光學前沿討論方向： 超 快/非線性光學，納 米光子學，光 電功能材料和器件，分 子原子強場光物理，量 子光學以及生物光子學。

論壇學術活動主要以 口頭學術報告和墻報為主要形式，按上述擬定的6個前沿方向開展學術討論。并擬安排在每個子論壇方向邀請領域內知名學者進行一次前沿報告。

鼓勵論壇期間參加 者訪問光學學科相關實驗室，與老師和同學充分交流。

光學前沿博士生學 術論壇將由會議由北京大學主辦，北京大學物理學院介觀物理國家重點實驗室光學學科承辦。我們熱忱歡迎光學及相關專業博士生參加。

（1）征 稿要求：

本次論壇投稿時間即日起到2015年7月6日，請各位申請者將摘要和報名表以word文檔格式，在投稿截止時間之前發送到郵箱optics_summerPHD@163.com，郵件主題為“光學暑期_姓名_學校”。(具 體要求請參見http://www.tmdps.cn 微信公共號：pku_optics_PhD

第五篇：Unit6 Me教案

Unit6 Me Teaching aim: 1.To learn the letters and the story.2.The pupils can act out the story.3.Never give up and love our families.Teaching important: 1.Master the sentences.Teaching difficult: How to act out the story.Teaching tools: Multi-media, PPT ,cards and stickers.Teaching steps Step 1 Warm-up 1.Greetings.2.Sing an English song.3.Free talk.(Introduce themselves)Step 2 Presentation 1.Show them a cat Mimi, then ask “Mimi is not happy, why?” 2.Show them a video and lead them to answer “He can’t see his mum.”

3.‘Who does he see in the story?’Lead them answer ‘rabbit, dog, mouse and a cat.’ Then teach the sentences one by one by listen and repeat.4.Show them pictures ,then ask them to circle and say, lead them to fill in the blank.5.Show them videos of kangaroo and lion.Then lead them to make new stories.6.Listen and have a look , Mimi find his mum.Then lead them to say out the sentences “My ?Your?,too.” Step 3 Practice 1.Let’s chant.2.Listen and read follow the video.3.Say and act.4.Group work.Choose and act.5.Sing a song.(Mummy, Daddy)6.Read the sentence patterns on the blackboard.Step 4 Homework 1.Listen to and read unit 6.2.Act out the story.Unit 6 Me Are you my mum? Yes.No.My?is?/My?are?

Shen Xiaoyan