第一篇：英語語法構詞法特級版

構詞法.ppt

構詞法知識

(一)后綴

1.常見名詞后綴 1）－y

difficult, dear, honest, modest, deliver, discover, recover difficulty, deary, honesty, modesty, delivery, discovery, recovery 2)－ness(加在形容詞后構成抽象名詞)careful, careless, clever, dark, happy, ill, kind, smart, selfish, useful carefulness, carelessness, cleverness, darkness, happiness, illness, kindness, smartness, selfishness, usefulness 4)－ment abandonment, achievement, adjustment, advertisement, accomplishment, acknowledgement ,agreement, amazement, announcement, appointment, arrangement, astonishment, attainment, containment, 3)－ty(加在形容詞后)cruel, entire, proper, certain, uncertain, royal, safe cruelty, entirety, property, certainty, uncertainty, royalty, safety disagree, disappoint, discourage, embarrass, encourage, enjoy, enlarge, equip, excite, govern, improve, judge, manage, postpone, punish, puzzle, refresh, replace, require, retire, employ, move, settle, treat disagreement, disappointment, discouragement, embarrassment, encouragement, enjoyment, enlargement, equipment, excitement, government, improvement, judgment, management, postponement, punishment, puzzlement, refreshment, replacement, requirement, retirement, employment, movement, settlement, treatment 5)－ion(加在動詞后，動詞本身以t或te結尾時)addict, abstract, act, accelerate, adopt, affect attract, connect, construct, contribute, collect, direct, digest, discuss, erupt, elect, except, inspect, instruct, interrupt, invent, irrigate, object, operate, process, product, project, prevent, pollute, protect, reflect, suggest 6)－ation specific, experiment, export, form, tax, transport, adapt, consider, consult, expect, explain, inform, inspire, recommend, relax, resign, transform, represent 7)－sion(以de結尾的動詞改de為sion構成名詞)conclude, explode, include 10）－ity electric, able, possible, active, equal, national, real, major, minor, moral, personal electricity, ability, possibility, activity, equality, nationality, reality, majority, minority, morality, personality 11)－al arrive, refuse, propose, survive, disapprove arrival, refusal, proposal, survival, disapproval

12)－ure /ture please, press, fail, mix, fix pleasure, pressure, failure, mixture, fixture 13)－dom free, wise freedom, wisdom 14)－hood child, neighbor, boy, brother, father childhood, neighborhood, boyhood, Brotherhood（兄弟關系，手足情意）, fatherhood(父親的身份，父親般的人，父權)15)－ing : ending, farming, visiting, beginning, building, surrounding, freezing, founding, drawing 16）表示人的后綴 －er

settler, jeweler, buyer, dancer, producer, watcher, reporter , rider, footballer, runner, winner, stranger, owner 例外：container, loudspeaker揚聲器, tanker, drier, best-seller暢銷書, hammer, drawer, poster招貼，廣告, laughter, printer, photocopier復印機, recorder, prayer 祈禱 －or actor, collector, conductor, director, doctor, governor, sailor, tailor, visitor, inventor, professor, competitor, operator, editor, ancestor －ant, ent servant, patient, contestant參賽者，選手, consultant 顧問, applicant －ee表示被??者，受??者

trainee, trustee, examinee, employee, interviewee －ess表示女性

actress, hostess, waitress, princess －ian, an, ese表示哪個國家，州的人和職業 Canadian, Australian, Asian, Indian, Italian European, Japanese, Chinese, physician, musician, technician, librarian, politician － ist 表示??.家??者

chemist, scientist, zoologist, physicist, receptionist, typist, realist, dentist, artist, pianist, violinist 17）改變詞義的后綴

－ful “充滿，一??之量”

boxful, cupful, glassful, mouthful, armful, plateful －ism “??主義,??制度”

capitalism, communism, realism, socialism, tourism －ship:表示狀況，狀態，性質，職務，職業，藝術或技巧 relationship, hardship, ownership, friendship

－ic(s)表示學科名字

music, logic, physics, mathematics

2.常見形容詞后綴

1）－ful “充滿??的，有??的”

helpful ,wonderful, careful, harmful, beautiful, hopeful, thankful, powerful, forceful, peaceful, skillful, colorful, cheerful 2)－less 附加在名詞后，表示“沒有??的”

homeless, careless, harmless, useless, hopeless, fearless, endless, priceless 3)－able(ible)可??的,能??的

enjoyable, renewable, unbelievable, suitable, reasonable, eatable, acceptable, possible, invisible, sensible 4）－al(以t結尾的加-ual)加在名詞后表示“有??的屬性，屬于??的” industry, nation, nature, globe, person, centre, office, spirit industrial, national, natural, global, personal, central, official, spiritual 5)–an(-ean,-ian)表示“哪國的，哪洲的”

Asian, African, American, European, Canadian, Australia 6)–y加在名詞上，意為“充滿，包含”

health, wealth, sun, cloud, fog, ice, dirt, thirst, dust, salt healthy, wealthy, sunny, foggy, icy ,cloudy, dirty, dusty , thirsty, salty 7)–ous加在名詞上，意為“充滿??的”

courage, danger, poison, humor, fame, nerve, vary, mystery courageous, dangerous, poisonous, humorous, famous, nervous, various, mysterious 8)–ly意為“外觀相似的，有??性質的，反復發生的” likely, orderly, brotherly, fatherly, friendly, lovely, lively, monthly, daily, deadly, timely 9）－ive(-iative)表示“具有??性質的，??的，與??有關的, 屬于??的”

act, instruct, expense, progress active, instructive, expensive, progressive 10)–ish表示“略帶的，有點??,有??屬性的, ??民族的”

black, white, red, book, boy, child, self, fool blackish, whitish, reddish, bookish, boyish, childish, selfish, foolish British, English, Polish, Spanish?(rubbish除外)

11)–ing 12)–ed colored, crowded, troubled, advanced, skilled, limited, gifted, experienced 13)–ic(-ical)history, practice, music, medicine, hero, energy, base, politics, science leading, surrounding, willing, living, exciting 14)–ern加在方位名詞上，表示??方的

east, west, south, north, north-west, south-east eastern, western, southern, northern, north-western, south-eastern historical, practical, musical, medical, political, heroic, energetic, basic, scientific 15)–ward 表示向??的

back, up, down, east, west, south, north, north-west, south-east backward, upward, downward, eastward, westward, southward, northward, north-westward, south-eastward 16)–ary(-ory)表示與??有關的

satisfactory, revolutionary, contrary, imaginary, necessary, ordinary, extraordinary(secretary秘書)17）-ate immediate, fortunate, separate 18)–ar familiar, particular, regular, similar 19)–en 由??制成的，由??構成的 golden, wooden, woolen 20)-ant(-ent)表示動作、性質的

independent, silent, convenient, patient, distant 21)–some易于??的，傾向??的，產生??的 troublesome, tiresome, quarrelsome 3.常見動詞后綴

1）－en 加在形容詞和名詞上，“使，變得”

sharp, deep, wide, loose, fast, weak, strength, fright 2)－ify 加在名詞、形容詞上，表示“使成為??使??化” terror, beauty, simple terrify, beautify, simplify

sharpen, deepen, widen, loosen, fasten, weaken, strengthen, frighten 3）－ize(-ise)organize, apologize, recognize, realize, practise 4.常見副詞后綴

1)–ly 加在形容詞后

unfortunate, easy, heavy, main, polite unfortunately, easily, heavily, mainly, politely 2)–ward(s)forward(s), afterward(s), inward(s), outward(s), downward(s), upward(s), eastward(s)5.常見數詞后綴

-teen從十三到十九 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen,-ty幾十 twenty, thirty, fifty, ninety-th構成序數詞fifth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth

(一)前綴

2.表示其他意義的常見前綴 1）pre-在 前,事先，預先 prewar, preposition, preview 2)fore-表示位置在前，時間提前，預先

forehead, foresee, foretell, forecast 3)pro-problem, promise, provide, programme 4）under-在下，不足

underground, underline, understand, underweight 5)tele-遠距離

telecontrol, telescope, telegraph, telephone, television.6）sub-空間的在下面 subway, subwater 7)trans-變化，轉移，通過，跨越 translate, transplant, transport 8)over-“在上面，在上空，過分，額外”

overcoat, overcome, overwork, over careful, overjoyed, overcautious 9)in-在內，進，入，向，朝 increase, inside 10)out-出，向外，遠，超過

outline, output, outside, outstanding 11)ex-出自，向外 exchange, export 12)a-表示處于某種狀態或位置

asleep, aside, awake, alone, alive, apart, aloud, ahead 13）inter-中間，相互 international, interview 14)auto-自身，自己，自動

auto boat, auto cycle, autobus 15)con-（在b, m, p前用com-，在l前用col-，在r前用cor-,在元音字母或h前用co-）意為“與，合，共，全”

connect, command, common, complete, collect, correct 16）en-(在b, p前用em-)，“使??處于??境地”常附在名詞或形容詞前構成動詞

enable, enrich, enforce, endanger, ensure, encourage, enjoy, enlarge, enclose, encircle 17)re-“再一次，重新恢復原狀”

repay, remarry, rewrite, reread, retell, remain, rebuild, reuse, recover 18)uni-“單，一”unite, united, union 19)bi-“兩”bicycle

20)kilo-“千” kilogram, kilometer 6

第二篇：高中英語語法講練結合-構詞法

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lead帶領→mislead領錯

stop停下→non-stop不停

(2)表示其他意義的前綴常用的有a-(多構成表語形容詞), anti-(反對；抵抗), auto-(自動), co-(共同), en-(使), inter-(互相), re-(再；又), sub-(下面的；次；小), tele-(強調距離)等。例如：

alone單獨的antigas防毒氣的 autochart自動圖表

cooperate合作enjoy使高興

internet互聯網reuse再用

subway地鐵telephone電話

2)后綴

英語單詞不僅可以通過加前綴構成新詞，也可加后綴構成新詞。后綴通常會改變單詞的詞性，構成意義相近的其他詞性；少數后綴還會改變詞義，變為與原來詞義相反的新詞。

(1)構成名詞的后綴常用的有-ence，-(e)r/-or(從事某事的人),-ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性)，-ful(一??)，-ian(精通??的人)，-ist(專業人員)，-ment(性質；狀態)，-ness(性質；狀態)，-tion(動作；過程)等。例如：

differ不同于→difference區別

write寫→writer作家

Japan日本→Japanese日本人

act表演→actress女演員

mouth口→mouthful一口

music音樂→musician音樂家

(2)構成動詞的后綴常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容詞之后)，-fy(使??化)，-ize(使??成為)。例如：

wide→widen加寬

beauty→beautify美化

pure→purify提純

real→realize意識到

organ→organize組織

(3)構成形容詞的后綴常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某國人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名詞后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某國人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less(表示否定)，-like(像??的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表示天氣)等。例如：

nature自然→natural自然的 reason道理→reasonable有道理的 America美國→American美國的 China中國→Chinese中國人的 gold金子→golden金的 east東→eastern東方的 child孩子→childish孩子氣的 snow雪→snowy雪的

(4)構成副詞的常用后綴有-ly(主要用于形容詞之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的詞之后表示方向)。例如：

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angry生氣的→angrily生氣地

to到→towards朝??，向??

east東方→eastward向東

(5)構成數詞的后綴有-teen(十幾)，-ty(幾十)，-th(構成序數詞)。例如：

six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth 嘉興英語教學網 www.tmdps.cn 收集整理 歡迎使用

4)合成副詞

形容詞＋名詞hotfoot匆忙地

形容詞＋副詞everywhere到處

副詞＋副詞however盡管如此

介詞＋名詞beforehand事先

介詞＋副詞forever永遠

5)合成代詞

代詞賓格＋self herself她自己

物主代詞＋self myself我自己

形容詞＋名詞anything任何東西

6)合成介詞

副詞＋名詞inside在??里面

介詞＋副詞within在??之內

副詞＋介詞into進入 4.截短法(縮略法)

截短法，即將單詞縮寫，詞義和詞性保持不變，主要有截頭、去尾、截頭去尾等形式。

1)截頭

telephone→phone

aeroplane→plane

omnibus→bus

2)去尾

mathematics→maths

co-operate→co-op

examination→exam

kilogram→kilo

laboratory→lab

taxicab→taxi

3)截頭去尾

influenza→flu

refrigerator→fridge

prescription→script 5.混合法(混成法)

混合法，即將兩個詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個新詞。后半部分表示主體；前半部分表示屬性。

news broadcast→newscast新聞廣播

television broadcast→telecast電視播送

smoke and fog→smog煙霧

helicopter airport→heliport直升飛機場 6.首尾字母縮略法

首尾字母縮略法，即用單詞首尾字母組成一個新詞。讀音主要有兩種形式，即各字母分別讀音；作為一個單詞讀音。

very important person→VIP(讀字母音)要人；大人物

television→TV(讀字母音)電視

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Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福

Nato 三.鞏固練習

1.That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B.careful

C.careless

D.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his ________ is heavier than Mount Tai.A.die

B.dead

C.died

D.death 3.The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.A.sadly B.sadness

C.sadly

D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________.A.chemistry

B.chemical C.chemist

D.physician 5.The three-________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off.A.legging B.legged

C.legs

D.leged 6.Stephenson became the ________railway engineer in the world.A.lead B.leader

C.leading

D.leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked ________about at his classmates.A.proud B.proudly

C.pride

D.pridely 8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well.A.satisfied

B.satisfactory C.satisfying

D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.—You can write ________passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the ________of the police.A.permit

B.permission C.permitting

D.permittence 11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters

B.headline C.headmaster

D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.A.intend

B.intention C.intentionally

D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a ________smile.A.practice

B.practise C.practical

D.practiced 14.The ________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.嘉興英語教學網 www.tmdps.cn 收集整理 歡迎使用

A.judger

B.judgment C.judge

D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the ________news about Iraq War? A.lately

B.latest C.later

D.latter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.A.longer

B.length C.long

D.longing 17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily.A.joy

B.joyful C.joyless

D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an ________country.A.English-speaking

B.speak-English C.spoken-English

D.English-spoken 19.How ________ he is!He is always acting ________.He is really a ________.A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；fool 20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great ________.A.valuable

B.value C.valueless

D.unvaluable 21.There were ________fish in the river in South America.A.in danger

B.danger C.dangerous

D.dangerless 22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is ________.A.sound

B.silent C.silence

D.sounded 23.The child looked at me ________.A.stranger

B.strangely C.strange

D.strangeless 24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their ________bravely.A.free

B.freely C.freedom

D.frees 25.What you said sounded ________ but in fact it was untrue.A.reasonable

B.reasonful C.reasonless

D.unreason 26.We have to learn ________technology from other countries.A.advance

B.advancing C.advantage

D.advanced 27.The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.A.nearby

B.near C.nearly

D.near by

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28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an ________in the government.You can not easily find him in his ________.A.official；officer；office B.officer；office；official C.official；official；official D.officer；official；office 29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.A.health

B.healthy C.healthily

D.healthier 30.________ speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose.A.Honestly

B.Honest C.Honesty

[參考答案]

1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 ACDCB 16-20 BAAAB 21-25 CBBCA 26-30 DADBA

D.Dishonest

第三篇：構詞法

高三二輪復習學案：高考語法部分

構詞法（the rules of word-formation）

【晨讀天天背】

I.經典范文背誦

有關“信心與希望”話題

例：

1、生活中困難不可避免，面對困難需要信心…

2、試舉一例說明信心在學習(考試、生活等)方面的作用…

3、你對困難的態度…

It is well-known that we exist in a changing world with various difficulties.【課堂進行時】

I.高考考點梳理 考點

一、合成法

由兩個或兩個以上的自由詞素結合在一起構成一個新詞叫合成詞，這種構詞方法稱為合成法。

1.合成名詞。

(1)名詞+名詞。如：weekend, penfriend, postoffice, tabletennis, creditcard(2)名詞+動名詞。如：handwriting, weightlifting, zebracrossing

(3)動名詞+名詞。如：reading-room, driving force, sleeping bag,dining room

(4)形容詞+名詞。如：gentleman, open-air,dry-cleaning, higher education,solar system(5)名詞+介詞+名詞。如：mother-in-law, comrade-in-arms

(6)其他方式。如：lookers-on(onlookers), go-between, passer-by, do-it-yourself, one-parent-family

2.合成形容詞。

(1)名詞+形容詞。如：snow-white, day-long

(2)名詞+現在分詞/過去分詞。如：English-speaker, south-facing, man-made,water-covered(3)名詞+to+名詞。如：face-to-face

(4)數次+名詞+形容詞。如：two-year-old , 100-meter-long, a three-year-old boy(5)數次+名詞+-ed。如：five-storeyed, one-eyed,four-legged, a three-legged desk, an eight-storey building

(6)形容詞/副詞+名詞。如：high-class, right-hand, full-time,fast-food

(7)形容詞+名詞+-ed。如：noble-minded, warm-hearted, kind-heart, bsent-minded ,air-conditioned, left-handed, middle-aged，a thank-you letter，a one-eyed general, an honest-faced man, five blue-eyed foreigners

(8)形容詞+現在分詞/形容詞。如：good-looking, funny-looking, far-reaching, light-blue

(9)副詞+現在/過去分詞。如：hard-working, well-known, home-made 3.合成動詞。

(1)名詞+動詞。如：sleep-walk, typewrite, water-ski(2)形容詞+動詞。如：white-wash, safe-guard

(3)副詞+動詞。如：overthrow, understand, ill-treat, undergo, overhear，under-develop（發育不全）

4.合成副詞。

（1）形容詞+名詞。如：anyway, hotfoot(急行,急匆匆地)（2）形容詞+副詞。如：everywhere, outwards

（3）副詞+副詞。如：however, therefore, moreover

（4）代詞+副詞。如：anywhere, whatever, somewhere, nowhere, everywhere（5）副詞+名詞。如：downstairs, upstairs

When we are faced with them, nothing is more important than having hope and self-confidence.With confidence, we can find sometimes the question is not as “huge” as we imagine.Take most of us for example, the entrance exam to college seems to be a horrible monster.Accordingly, some people give up, some persist.In my eyes, with confidence, right assessment of the difficulties, as well as full preparation,try our best, and then we will overcome all problems and challenges.On the whole, I believe we youngsters should face the difficulties in right manner.And nothing is impossible, brave it out（拼命干）and just do it!

II.詞匯短語儲備

have a narrow escape九死一生find fault with sb.對某人吹毛求疵，找茬 do sb.a favor幫某人一個忙

attach importance/significance to認為??重要，強調，重視 make/leave/create an impression on sb.給某人留下印象 take a message for sb.給某人捎口信leave sb.a message給某人留個口信

satisfy/meet/cover one’s needs/demands/requirements滿足??的需要 keep a record of記錄take/run a risk冒險 take a chance 冒險catch the chance抓住機會 a sort/kind of 一種sort/kind of有幾分地，有點兒 out of question沒問題out of the question不可能的be accessible to可(或易)接近的;可(或易)進入的;可(或易)得到的;可(或易)使用的 on the grounds that理由是，因為……

考點

二、轉換法

在詞性不變的情況下，英語中一個單詞由一種詞性用作另一種詞性，稱為轉換法。

構詞法第 1 頁（共4頁）

1.動詞轉化為名詞。

很多動詞可以轉化為名詞，大多數情況下，意思沒有多大變化。如： Let’s go out for a walk.Let me have a try.We stopped there for a swim.He is a man of strong build.2.名詞轉化為動詞。

英語中，很多表示物體、身體部位等的名詞及某類人的名詞，可以轉化為名詞。如： Since graduation, I have authored 34 nationally published children’s books.It can seat 1000 people.Please hand me the book.She nursed her husband back to health.3.形容詞轉化為動詞。

英語中，少數形容詞可以轉化為動詞。如：

The promoters of such products say they can shape the legs, slim the face, smooth wrinkles.The train slowed down to half its speed.This will help warm up the soil.4.形容詞轉化為名詞。

英語中，表示顏色的形容詞常可以轉化為名詞。如： You should be dressed in black at the funeral.某些形容詞如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等與the連用，表示一類人，作主語時，謂語常用復數。如：

The old in our village are living a happy life.考點

三、派生法

在詞根前面加前綴或再詞根后面加后綴構成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。

1.前綴。前綴通常只改變詞義，不改變詞性。(1)表示否定的前綴。

un-構成反義詞，表示“不”。如：unfit, unhappy, unable,unemployment,unfair, unknown dis-構成反義詞，表示“不”。如：discover, disagree, dishonest, dislike, disappear, discourage, disappoint

in-/im-構成反義詞，表示“不”，用以c，b，m，p等開頭的詞。如：impossible, imcorrect, immoral, impolite

ir-/il-構成反義詞，表示“不”，用以r，l開頭的單詞。如：irregular, irresponsible, illegal, illogical mis-構成反義詞，表示“錯誤”。如：mistake, misuse, mislead non-構成反義詞，表示“不”。如：non-stop, non-smoker, nonsense(2)表示其他意義的前綴。a-表示“形容詞；副詞”。如：asleep, arise, awake, abroad, alone, aside co-表示“共同”。如：co-exist, co-operate anti-表示“反；防”。如：anti-tank, anti-clockwise, anti-Japanese re-表示“重復；再”。如：return, redesign, reunite, remarry

super-表示“超級；上層”。如：superstar, superman, supermarket

sub-表示“下面的”。如：subway, subconscious tele-表示“遠程”。如：telephone, telegraph, telescope,television inter-表示“相互；之間”。如：international, interrelation, Internet en-表示“使可能”。如：encourage, enable, enlarge un-表示反動作。如：unload, uncover fore-表示“在前面”。如：forehead, foreground, forward, forecast, foretell mid-表示“中；中間”。如：mid-term,mid-autumn, midnight, midsummer out-表示“在上面；在外部；在外”。如：outline, outside, outward over-表示“在上面；在外部；在上”。如：overlook, overhead post-表示“向后；在后邊；次”。如：postscript, postwar, postgraduate pre-表示“在前；在前面”。如：prefix , preface, preposition, prewar, prehistory trans-表示“橫過；貫通”。如：translate, transform, transparent, transmit under-表示“在??下面；下的”。如：underline, underground, underwater ex-表示先“先；故；舊”。如：expresident, exhusband over-表示“超過；過度；太”。如：overeat, overdress, oversleep, overdose, oversimplify vice-表示“副；次”。如：vicepresident, vicechairman com-, cop-, con-, cor-,co-表示“共同；一起”。如：connect, combine, collect, coexist, co-operated

multi-, mult-表示“許多；復；多數”。如：multiply, multipurpose auto-表示“自己；獨立；自動”。如：automobile, autobiography micro-表示“微小的”。如：microscope

2.后綴。后綴通常只改變詞性，構成意思相近的其他詞性的詞；少數后綴同時會改變詞義。（1）形容詞后綴。

-al。如：national, natural, practical, educational, refusal, arrival, survival, appoval-an/ian表示“國家（人）的”。如：American, European, Canadian, Italian, Australian-ern表示“方向的”。如：southern, northern, eastern

-ful。如：beautiful, careful, helpful, cheerful, grateful, useful

-less表示否定。如：useless, careless, homeless, motherless, useless-ese表示“人的”。如：Chinses, Portuguese, Japanese-ly。如：friendly, yearly

-some。如：troublesome, tiresome, handsome, lonesome

-y表示“天氣”等。如：cloudy, dusty, rainy, sunny, stormy, dirty, sleepy, healthy-ous。如：famous, continuous

-ish。如：childish, selfish, foolish, Swedish, British, English-en。如：golden, wooden, woolen

-ive。如：active, native, decisive, destructive, expensive, impressive

-ble。如：reasonable, horrible, comfortable, acceptable, terrible（2）動詞后綴。

-fy。如：beautify, simplify, satisfy, electrify

-en。如：widen, sharpen, loosen, strengthen, lengthen-ize（使??成為）。如：realize, modernize, apologize, organize

(-To be continued)

構詞法

（-continued）

（3）副詞后綴。

-ly。如：badly, easily, freely, terribly, perfectly, truly, angrily-ward表示“方向”。如：backward, eastward, towards, forward（4）名詞后綴。-ment表示“行為；狀態；過程；手段極其結果”。如：treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument, agreement, government, development

-ness表示“性質；狀態；程度”。如：goodness, kindness, friendliness, business, happiness, greatness, illness, darkness

-er/or表示“人”。如：foreigner, thinker, swimmer, traveller, actor, sailor, visitor, professor-ist表示“人”。如：pianist, scientist, artist, specialist, physicist-ian表示“精通??的人；??地方的人”。如：musician, magician, physician, technician, Russian

-dom。如：freedom, kingdom, wisdom-ee表示“被??的人”。如：employee, interviewee, trainee, examinee-ship表示“技能及身份；職業”。如：hardship, membership, friendship-eer表示“從事于??人”。如：engineer, volunteer-hood表示“資格；身份；年紀；狀態”。如：childhood, manhood, womanhood-ion ,-sion ,-tion ,-ation ,-ition表示“行為的過程；結果；狀況”。如：action,solution, conclusion, expression, correction, explanation, pollution, suggestion

-ism表示“主義”。如：socialism, criticism, heroism-th表示“動作；性質；過程；狀態”。如：depth, wealth, truth, length, growth（5）數詞后綴。-teen構成“十幾”。如：fourteen, fifteen, eighteen-ly構成“幾十“。如：ninty, fifty, twenty, forty, thirty-th構成序數詞。如：fifth, sixth, twelfth, nanth, twentieth

BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)英國廣播公司 DIY(do it yourself)自己親手做

NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北約 SOS(save our ship)國際通用的呼救信號 SOHO(small office , home office)在家上班族 ST(Science and Technology)科技

TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language)托福考試 UN(the United Nations)聯合國

USA(the Unnited States of America)美國 VIP(very important person)重要人物

WTO(World Trade Organization)世界貿易組織 www.tmdps.cne and lay around it every day.He climbed to the tree top, ate the apples, took a nap under the shadow...He loved the tree and the tree loved to play with him.Time went by...the little boy had grown up and he no longer played around the tree every day.One day, the boy came back to the tree and he looked sad.“Come and play with me,” the tree asked the boy.“I am no longer a kid, I don’t play around trees anymore.” The boy replied, “I want toys.I need money to buy them.”“Sorry, but I don’t have money...but you can pick all my apples and sell them.So, you will have money.” The boy was so excited.He grabbed all the apples on the tree and

考點

五、混合法（混成法）

即將兩個詞混合或各取一部分緊縮而成一個新詞。后半部分表示主體，前半部分表示屬性。nes broadcast→newscast smoke and fog→smog helicopter airport→heliport，fruice—fruit+juice

考點

六、首尾字母縮略法

用單詞首位字母組成一個新詞。讀音主要有兩種形式，即各字母分別讀音；作為一個單詞讀音。

left happily.The boy never came back after he picked the apples.The tree was sad.One day, the boy returned and the tree was so excited.“Come and play with me,” the tree said.“I don’t have time to play.I have to work for my family.We need a house for shelter.Can you help me?”“Sorry, but I don’t have a house.But you can chop off my branches to build your house.” So the boy cut all the branches off the tree and left happily.The tree was glad to see him happy but the boy never came back since then.The tree was again lonely and sad.One hot summer day, the boy returned and the tree was delighted.“Come and play with me!” the tree said.“I am sad and getting old.I want to go sailing to relax myself.Can you give me a boat?”“Use my trunk to build your boat.You can sail far away and be happy.” So the boy cut the tree trunk to make a boat.He went sailing and never showed up for a long time.The tree was happy, but it was not true.Finally, the boy returned after he left for so many years.“Sorry, my boy.But I don’t have anything for you any more.No more apples for you...” the tree said.“I don’t have teeth to bite,” the boy replied.“No more trunk for you to climb on.”“I am too old for that now,” the boy said.“I really can’t give you anything...the only thing left is my dying roots,” the tree said with tears.“I don’t need much now, just a place to rest.I am tired after all these years.” The boy replied.“Good!Old tree roots is the best place to lean on and rest.Come, Come to sit down with me and rest.”

The boy sat down and the tree was glad and smiled with tears...This is a story of everyone.The tree is our parent.When we were young, we loved to play with Mom and Dad...When we grown up, we left them, and only came to them when we need something or when we are in trouble.No matter what, parents will always be there and give everything they could to make you happy.You may think that the boy is cruel to the tree but that’s how all of us are treating our parents.****************************************************************************** Take time out during the day for quiet time to listen to your inner voice.You may want to use your quiet time to meditate or pray.However you use this time, the key is to shut out all of the noise around you by focusing deep within yourself.Breathing deeply during quiet time will also help you focus.I know it’s hard to find quiet time during a particularly busy day, but it’s so important — even if it’s just 10 minutes a day and you have to sneak away to get it.Quiet time can really make a difference in your life.It enables you to hear God speaking to your heart reminding you of His perfect love for you.Be honest with yourself by paying attention to your actions.Actions speak louder than words, and they always tell the truth.What do your actions say about you? If you say you love your job, but your actions say otherwise, which do you think is more true — your words or your actions? On the other hand, if you say you’re not good at a certain job, but your actions say otherwise, that’s also important.What do you do with this insight? You can use it to make more beneficial choices in your life.By being honest with yourself based on your previous actions, your actions moving forward will be based on truth instead of just what you tell yourself.Despite what your subconscious may be telling you, you can have love with no limits.The key is to unconditionally love yourself first.The Apple Tree參考譯文

蘋果樹

很久很久以前，有一棵又高又大的蘋果樹。一位小男孩，天天到樹下來，他爬上去摘蘋果吃，在樹蔭下睡覺。他愛蘋果樹，蘋果樹也愛和他一起玩耍。

后來，小男孩長大了，不再天天來玩耍。一天他又來到樹下，很傷心的樣子。蘋果樹要和他一起玩，男孩說：“不行，我不小了，不能再和你玩，我要玩具，可是沒錢買。”蘋果樹說：“很遺憾，我也沒錢，不過，把我所有的果子摘下來賣掉，你不就有錢了？”男孩十分激動，他摘下所有的蘋果，高高興興地走了。然后，男孩好久都沒有來。蘋果樹很傷心。

有一天，男孩終于來了，樹興奮地邀他一起玩。男孩說：“不行，我沒有時間，我要替家里干活呢，我們需要一幢房子，你能幫忙嗎？”“我沒有房子，”蘋果樹說，“不過你可以把我的樹枝統統砍下來，拿去搭房子。”于是男孩砍下所有的樹枝，高高興興地運走去蓋房子。看到男孩高興樹好快樂。從此，男孩又不來了。樹再次陷入孤單和悲傷之中。

一年夏天，男孩回來了，樹太快樂了：“來呀！孩子，來和我玩呀。”男孩卻說：“我心情不好，一天天老了，我要揚帆出海，輕松一下，你能給我一艘船嗎？”蘋果樹說：“把我的樹干砍去，拿去做船吧！”于是男孩砍下了她的樹干，造了條船，然后駕船走了，很久都沒有回來。樹好快樂……但不是真的。

許多年過去，男孩終于回來，蘋果樹說：“對不起，孩子，我已經沒有東西可以給你了，我的蘋果沒了。”

男孩說：“我的牙都掉了，吃不了蘋果了。” 蘋果樹又說：“我再沒有樹干，讓你爬上來了。” 男孩說：“我太老了，爬不動了。”

“我再也沒有什么給得出手了……，只剩下枯死下去的老根，”樹流著淚說。

男孩說：“這么多年過去了，現在我感到累了，什么也不想要，只要一個休息的地方。” “好啊！老根是最適合坐下來休息的，來啊，坐下來和我一起休息吧！”男孩坐下來，蘋果樹高興得流下了眼淚……

這就是我們每個人的故事。這顆樹就是我們的父母。小時候，我們喜歡和爸爸媽媽玩……長大后，我們就離開他們，只在需要什么東西或者遇到麻煩的時候，才回到他們身邊。無論如何，父母永遠都在那兒，傾其所有使你快樂。你可能認為這個男孩對樹很殘酷，但這就是我們每個人對待父母的方式。

****************************************************************************** 白天花些時間出去，獨自傾聽自己的心聲。你可能想利用這段安靜的時間沉思或祈禱。無論如何利用這段時間，關鍵是要排除周圍所有的噪音，關注自己的內心深處。安靜的時間進行深呼吸也能幫你集中注意力。我知道在特別忙碌的日子找到安靜的時間很難，然而這很重要——即使一天只有10分鐘，你也要溜開抓住它。安靜的時間確實能使你的生命變得不同，它促使你傾聽上帝與你的心靈對話，使你想起他賦予你的完美的愛。

坦誠對己，注重行動吧。事實勝于雄辯，行動才能證明事實。你的行動是如何說明你的呢？如果你說熱愛自己的工作，而你的行動正好相反，你認為哪個更有說服力呢——言語還是行動？另一方面，如果你說不擅長某項工作，但你的行動正好相反，這也很重要。你怎么處理你這種能力？你可以由此在生活中做出更多的選擇，坦誠對己也建立在以前的行為上，你以后的行動將會以事實為基礎，而不只是你的言詞。

不管你的潛意識告訴你什么，你都能夠擁有無盡的愛，關鍵是首先你要無條件地愛自己。

構詞法答案：

1、Learning the rules of word-formation helps to enlarge our vocabulary.2、This is the chief way to narrow the differences between them.3、He was so poor that he couldn’t afford to live in a five-starred hotel.4、You are an honour to our class..5、We were so deeply moved that we wrote a thank-you letter to him.6、The 12th five-year plan lays emphasis on social development in a hamonious way.7、Politeness will bridge a lot of difficulties.

第四篇：初中英語構詞法

初中英語構詞法

英語構詞法主要有三種：合成法、轉化法和派生法。掌握基本的構詞法，有助于詞匯的理解、記憶和積累。現就初中英語部分詞匯加以歸類小結。

一、合成法，就是把兩個或兩個以上的詞按照一定的次序排列構成新詞的方法。用此法構成的詞叫復合詞。復合詞主要包括復合名詞、復合代詞、復合形容詞和復合副詞等。

1、復合名詞：

(1)名詞+動詞headache(頭疼)，daybreak(黎明)

(2)動詞+名詞playground(操場)，postcard(明信片)

(3)名詞+名詞basketball（籃球)，classroom（教室)

(4)形容詞+名詞blackboard(黑板)，grandfather(爺爺)

(5)動名詞+名詞waiting-room（候車室)，sitting-room(起居室)，2、復合代詞：

(1)some(any，every，no)+body：somebody（有人，某人)，nobody(沒有人)

(2)some(any，every，n o)+thing：something(某物，某事)，nothing(沒有東西)

3、復合形容詞有：

man-made(人造的)，kind-hearted(好心的)，hard-working(努力工作的),fund-raising(籌集資金的)等。

4、復合副詞有：

upstairs(到樓上)，downstairs(到樓下)，everywhere(到處)，maybe(或許)等

另外，復合動詞有understand(理解)，復合介詞有without(無，沒有)等。

二、轉化法，就是將某些單詞由一種詞性轉化為另一種詞性的構詞方法。詞性轉化有以下幾種情況：

1．名詞→動詞rain(雨n)→（下雨v．)。例如：

There’s a lot of rain in this country．It’s still raining now．

2．動詞→名詞talk(談話v.)→(演講n)。如：

What are you talking about.There will be a talk next week．

3．形容詞→動詞clean(清潔的adj.)→(打掃v)。如：

The classroom is not clean．You must clean it tomorrow。

三、派生法，就是將前，后綴附加到某些詞上構成新詞的方法。初中英語主要有以下幾種前、后綴：前綴例詞

1．re-retell(復述)v.，return(歸還)v．

2．un-unhappy(不高興的)adj.，unusual(不平常的)adj.3.dis-dislike(不喜歡)v，disagree(不同意)v

4.im-impossible(不可能的)adj.,impolite(不禮貌的)

5.in-incorrect(不正確的)adj.,incomplete(不完整的)adj.6.ir-irregular(不規則的)adj.,irresponsible(不負責任的)adj.后綴例詞.1．-erworker(工人)n，teacher(教師)n．

2．-eseChinese(中國人)n，Japanese(日本人)n．

3．-ed(或-d)interested(感興趣的)adj.，pleased(高興的)adj.．

4．-fulcareful(小心的)adj.，forgetful(健忘的)adj.．

5．-ingbuilding(建筑物)n，surprising(令人驚奇的)adj.，6．-lesscareless(粗心的)adj.，hopeless(無望的)adj.．

7．-1yfriendly(友好的)adj.，quickly(快地)adv．

8．-nesshappiness(幸福)n，business(商業)n．

9．-oroperator(手術者)n，inventor(發明者)n．

10．-ousdangerous(危險的)adj.，famous(著名的)adj.．

11．-teensixteen(十六)num，fourteen(十四)num．

12．-tyseventy(七十)num，ninety(九十)num．

13．-thtenth(第十)num，eleventh(第十一)num．

14.-tionoperation(手術)n，congratulation(祝賀)n．

15．-ycloudy(多云的)adj.，lucky(幸運的)adj.．

16.–mentagreement(同意)n.，movement(移動)n.另外，初中英語由前、后綴構成的新詞還有difference，enjoyable，．mistake，television，asleep等。

第五篇：初中英語構詞法

初中英語構詞法

英語中主要有三種構詞法： 1.合成法 合成法至今保持著旺盛的生命力，在現代英語中不少新詞都是借助原有的詞合成的。1）名詞+名詞→名詞basket+ball→basketballhouse +work → housework2)形容詞+名詞→名詞black+board（木板）→ blackboard黑板 loud(大聲的)+speaker(說話者)→ loudspeaker揚聲器 3)介詞+名詞→名詞（或形容詞）under(在下面)+ground(地面)→ underground地下的 4)名詞+過去分詞→形容詞man(人)+made(做)→ man-made人造的 5)名詞（形容詞）+名詞+ed→形容詞kind(善良的)+hearted(心)→kind-hearted好心的 6)副詞+名詞→介詞 in(里面)+side(邊)→inside在內 down(在下)+stairs(樓梯)→downstairs在樓下 2.派生法派生法是通過在詞根上加后綴或前綴構成新詞。它不僅擴充了英語詞匯，而且豐富了語言的表現力。1.前綴 除少數前綴外，前綴一般改變單詞的意義，不改變詞性；后綴一般改變詞類，而不引起詞義的變化。(1)表示否定意義的前綴常用的有dis-，il-，im-，in-，ir-，mis-，non-，un-等，例如：appear出現→disappear消失correct正確的→incorrect不正確的lead帶領→mislead領錯stop停下→non-stop不停(2)表示其他意義的前綴常用的有a-(多構成表語形容詞)，anti-(反對；抵抗)，auto-(自

動)，co-(共同)，en-(使)，inter-(互相)，re-(再；又)，sub-(下面的；次；小)，tele-(強調距離)等。例如： alone單獨的 antigas防毒氣的 autochart自動圖表cooperate合作 enjoy使高興internet互聯網 reuse再用subway地鐵 telephone電話 2.后綴 英語單詞不僅可以通過加前綴構成新詞，也可加后綴構成新詞。后綴通常會改變單詞的詞性，構成意義相近的其他詞性；少數后綴還會改變詞義，變為與原來詞義相反的新詞。(1)構成名詞的后綴常用的有-ence，-(e)r/-or(從事某事的人)，-ese(某地人)，-ess(雌性)，-ful(一……)，-ian(精通……的人)，-ist(專業人員)，-ment(性質；狀態)，-ness(性質；狀態)，-tion(動作；過程)等。例如： differ不同于→difference區別write寫→writer作家Japan日本→Japanese日本人act表演→actress女演員mouth口→mouthful一口music音樂→musician音樂家(2)構成動詞的后綴常用的有-(e)n(多用于形容詞之后)，-fy(使……化)，-ize(使……成為)。例如： wide→widen加寬beauty→beautify美化pure→purify提純real→realize意識到organ→organize組織

(3)構成形容詞的后綴常用的有-al，-able(有能力的)，-(a)n(某國人的)，-en(多用于表示材料的名詞后)，-ern(方向的)，-ese(某國人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less(表示

否定)，-like(像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y(表

示天氣)等。例如：nature自然→natural自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的America美國→American美國的China中國→Chinese中國人的gold金子→golden金的east東→eastern東方的child孩子→childish孩子氣的snow雪→snowy雪的(4)構成副詞的常用后綴有-ly(主要用于形容詞之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的詞之后表示方向)。例如：angry生氣的→angrily生氣地to到→towards朝……，向……east東方→eastward向東

(5)構成數詞的后綴有-teen(十幾)，-ty(幾十)，-th(構成序數詞)。例如：

six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十

3.轉化法 在英語發展過程中，由于詞尾的基本消失，衍生出一種新的構詞法——轉化法，而無須借助詞綴，就實現詞類的轉化。1)名詞→動詞rain n.雨 →rain v.下雨 shop n.商店 →shop v.購物 water n.水 →water v.澆水 land n.陸地 →land v.著陸 name n.名字 →name v.命名

[注意] 不少動詞轉化為名詞或名詞轉化為動詞，詞義沒有什么大變化，易于推測出詞義。如：answer（回答），change(變化), fight(打架), love(愛), rest(休息), smile(微笑), shout(喊), study(學習), talk(談話), visit(訪問), wish(希望), work(工作)等。2）形容詞→動詞

last adj.最后的 last v.持續 tidy adj.整潔的 tidy v.使整潔 own adj.自己的 own v.擁有 3)形容詞→名詞

back adj.后面的 back n.背部，后面 light adj.明亮的 light n.燈 4)動詞→名詞

stop v.停止 stop n.車站 lift v.舉起 lift n.電梯 [注意] ①詞形不變，讀音的差別（字母s讀[z]為動詞，讀[s]為名詞或形容詞）use v.使用 use n.用途

excuse v.原諒 excuse n.借口 ②詞形改變的轉化： live v.生活 life n.生活 fill v.裝滿 full adj.滿的 save v.救 safe adj.安全的enter v.進入 entrance n.入口處

different adj.不同的 difference n.不同之處 注意：形容詞---名詞 important--importance different—difference

4.縮略詞是在音節較多的詞首、或詞尾、或詞

首詞尾去掉一個或幾個音節，構成比原單詞簡單的新詞。

1.詞首音節省略：phone(telephone), bus(omnibus), aeroplane(plane)2.詞尾音節省略：gym(gymnasium),ad(advertisement),exam(examination),lab(laboratory)kilo(kilogram),mike(microphone)

3.詞首詞尾音節省略：fridge(refrigerator), flu(influenza)較長的人名，職業或職位也有縮略的情況。如：

Benjamin----BenDoctor----Doc Professor----Prof