第一篇:過去進行時教案分析
[內容提要] 含6大部分:本單元教學目標、知識背景、重點難點分析、詞匯講解、時態等語法突破、語言點19個的講解。資料貫穿整個單元,方便教師備課、學生學習、復習。
一.本單元教學內容:
Hello , boys and girls.How's everything going ? In this unit , we will learn to talk about past events and to tell a story.(一)語言目標(Language goals)
1.Talk about past events.談論過去發生的事件。
2.Tell a story.講述故事。
(二)語言結構(Structures)
1.過去進行時態: “was / were + doing”結構
Questions and statements with past progressive.2.Adverbial clauses with when and while.以when、while引導的時間狀語從句
3.復習一般過去時(Past tense)
(三)目標語言(Target Language)
1.What were you doing when the UFO arrived ? I was sitting in the barber's chair.當UFO到達的時候,你正在做什么?我正坐在理發店的椅子上。
2.The barber was cutting my hair when they arrived.3.While he was buying souvenirs , a girl called the police.4.The girl was shopping when the alien got out.5.While the girl was shopping , the alien got out.6.How about you ? I was doing my homework.7.You're kidding.(四)詞匯(Vocabulary)
1.部分動詞的過去式
took off(起飛、脫下)arrived(到達)landed(著陸)
got out(下車、下來)shouted(喊叫)climbed(爬)
happened(發生)
ran away(逃跑)
2.部分動詞的-ing形式
cutting cooking eating getting out going
making shouting sleeping standing
studying
taking talking climbing buying
coming
3.when、while 當……時候
4.bathroom(浴室)barber's(理發店)barber shop 理發店 shower(淋浴)police officer(警官)
5.another(另一個)jump down(跳下來)go up(向上去)
in front of(在……前面)
(五)重點、難點分析
1.過去進行時:表示在過去某一時間內正在進行的動作。
構成:was / were + 現在分詞(其中was是am、is的過去式,were是are的過去式)
eg.1)I was doing my homework then.那時,我正在做作業。
2)He was cooking in the kitchen at 12 o'clock yesterday.昨天12點,他正在廚房燒飯。
用法:1)過去進行時表現過去某一時刻正在進行的動作。
eg.She was writing a letter when I came in.我進來時,她正在寫封信。
2)過去進行時還表示過去某階段正在進行的動作。
eg.They were waiting for you yesterday.他們昨天一直在等你。2.現在分詞的構成
1)一般動詞在詞尾加-ing,讀[iη],如go→going。
2)以不發音字母e結尾的動詞,先去掉e,再加-ing。
come→coming make→making write→writing 3)以重讀閉音節結尾的動詞,如果末尾以一個輔音字母結尾,應先雙寫這個字母,再加ing,x和w結尾的除外。
如get→getting swim→swimming show→showing
4)以字母y結尾的單詞,直接加ing。
如carrying、playing、studying。
5)以字母ie結尾的動詞,變ie為y,再加ing。
die→dying lie→lying
6)以元音字母加e結尾,或以e結尾,且e發音的動詞,直接加-ing。
see→seeing be→being
3.使用進行時態的注意事項
1)一些動詞,如see、hear、love、like、know、remember;understand、have等表示感情、知覺和狀態的詞,一般不用于進行時態。
2)在there和here引起的句子中,常用一般現在時代替現在進行時。
eg.Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.4.過去進行時和一般過去時的區別
1)過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作,而一般過去時則表示一個完整的動作。如:
They were writing letters to their friends last night.昨晚他們在寫信給他們的朋友。(沒有說明信是否寫完)
They wrote letters to their friends last night.他們昨晚寫了信給他們的朋友。(表達了他們已寫好的意思,整個寫的過程已完成。)
2)當動作延續較長時間時或表示厭煩、贊美等感情色彩時,常用過去進行時表示。如:
He was thinking more of others than of himself.他考慮別人的比考慮自己的多。(表示說話者贊揚的口氣)
The boy was always making trouble then.那時,他總是惹麻煩。(表示說話者厭煩的口氣)
5.以when和while引導的時間狀語從句
1)延續性動詞和非延續性動詞
延續性動詞指動作可以延續一段時間,而不是瞬間結束。如:work、study、drink、eat等。
非延續性動詞指動作極為短暫,瞬間結束。如:start、begin、hit、jump、knock等。
2)在本單元中,出現了以when和while引導的時間狀語從句。
<1> when表示“當……的時候”。從句中既可用延續性動詞,又可用非延續性動詞,這些動詞既可以表示動作,又可表示狀態。從句中的動作既可和主句的動作同時發生,又可在主句的動作之前或之后發生。如:
Mary was having dinner when I saw her.The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning.<1> while表示“在……的時候”、“在……期間”。它強調主句的動作與從句的動作同時發生或主句的動作發生在從句的動作過程中。while從句中必須是表示動作或狀態的延續性動詞。如:
The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.She called while I was out.如果主句的動作在從句的動作過程中發生,從句常用進行時。如。
While we were swimming someone stole our clothes.Don't talk so loud while others are working.總結: <1> when可指時間點,又可指時間段,從句中可用延續性動詞,也可用非延續性動詞。
<2> while總是指一個時間段,從句中必須用延續性動詞。
6.In this unit , we'll learn how to tell a story.Let's take section B 3a as an example.1)Listen to this story 聽這個故事
Linda Jacobs loves her dog Davy.They went to New York City last Saturday.While Linda was buying a newspaper at the train station , the dog got out of his box and ran away.The station was crowded and Linda couldn't see Davy anywhere.When Linda shouted his name , some people looked at her but Davy didn't come.Then she called the police.While she was talking on the telephone , Davy met another dog outside the station.While the police were coming , Linda walked around the station and called Davy's name.She didn't think about looking outside the station.Finally , a little boy said to her , “Did you look outside ? I saw a big black dog when I came in.” When Linda finally saw Davy , he was jumping and running with another dog.There was a police officer next to them.The police officer said to Linda , “I think my dog found your dog.”
注意事項:
a.交代清楚故事發生的時間、地點及人物。
人物:Linda and her dog Davy;A police officer and his dog;A boy
地點:at the train station
時間:last Saturday
b.正確運用時態
Linda loves her dog Davy.在這句話中,表明了一種持續的狀態,用一般現在時。
They went to New York City last Saturday.在這句話中,講的是發生在上周六的事情,因此,時態是一般過去時。一個故事中,時態的變化不應太大,如果故事發生在過去,一般都用過去的某種時態。
又如:When Linda finally saw Davy , he was jumping and running with another dog.在這句中,用過去進行時。
c.注意運用一些順序詞,如First , then , next , Finally , at the same time(與此同時), after that(從那以后)恰當地運用這些連接詞,能夠使文章流暢,通順,增色不少。
Ex : P22 Section B 4a
It's an open ending writing.即開放式結尾的故事。注意上面提示的幾點注意事項,看圖作文,并給出結尾。
7.UFO:Unidentified Flying Object 不明飛行物
1947年6月24日,一名叫做阿諾德的美國商人,架著一架小型飛機在華盛頓州上空,發現一組巨型不明飛行物以1000公里左右的速度,同他一起在空中翱翔。阿諾德的有關目擊報告第一次引起公眾的興趣,從此“飛碟”或UFO便迅速流傳開來。
8.The boy was walking down the street when a UFO landed.當一個UFO著陸的時候,那個男孩正在街上走。
land n.陸地,地面
v.登陸,降落
9.At around ten o'clock in the morning.在上午,在早晨 in the morning
在下午 in the afternoon
在晚上 in the evening
在十點鐘左右 at around ten o'clock
在正午 at noon
在晚上 at night
*請注意介詞的不同
10.take off
(1)脫下 eg.Please take off your coat.It's warm in the room.請脫下大衣,屋子里面很暖和。
(2)起飛 eg.The girl was eating the icecream when the UFO took off.當UFO起飛的時候,那個女孩正在吃冰激淋。
11.talk on the phone 通過電話談話
注意:這里要用介詞on
12.get out of the shower 洗完澡出來
get out of the UFO 從UFO中出來
get out 出來
13.I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of me.當一個UFO恰好落在我面前的時候,我正在街上走。
right在這里是副詞,“恰好”“正好”的意思,表示強調。
例如right now(現在)right here(就在這兒)
right in front of me 恰好在我前面
14.be surprised(某人)很吃驚
eg.He was surprised when I saw him.我看見他的時候,他很吃驚。
另外,surprise sb.指“讓某人吃驚”
eg.I don't want to surprise you.我不想讓你吃驚。
15.Before the police arrived , the alien left the shop.在警方到達之前,外星人離開了商店。
before“在……之前”引導時間狀語從句
16.be scared(某人)給嚇壞了,害怕了
eg.He was scared when he heard the strange voice.當他聽到了那個奇怪的聲音,他害怕了。
17.run away 逃跑
18.walk around the station 在車站走來走去
19.She didn't think about looking outside the station.她沒想到過要往車站外面看一看。
think about 考慮
looking outside the station 是動名詞短語,做think about的賓語。
look outside 往外看
While Hai Yan was at the doctor's , I was going to class.當海燕在診所的時候,我正要去上課。
at the doctor's 在診所(醫院)
at the barber's 在理發店
第二篇:過去進行時教案
Teaching Plan 1.Teaching content(教學內容): The Past Continuous Tense(過去進行時態)2.Analysis of teaching material(教材分析): 由于我是教的語法,按照教學大綱,結合語法體系,我這節課將要講到的是過去進行時態。因為之前學生已經學習了一般現在時、現在進行時、一般過去時,所以這個時態對于學生來說并不是很難的。讓學生在一個輕松快樂的環境中很好的掌握好此時態是我的目標。所以我針對教學內容,設計了一系列的活動,讓整個教學內容很好的貫穿于一個個活動中。
3.Teaching objectives(教學目標):
a.Knowledge ojectives(知識目標)
要求學生掌握使用過去進行時
b.Ability objectives(能力目標)讓學生做課堂的主人,培養他們掌握一些行之有效的學習方法,優化學習效果
c.Emotional objectives(情感目標)
1.讓學生愛上英語課堂活動,鼓勵他們在課堂上進行合作交流
2.設法使學生掌握使用英語進行交流,學習積極參與班級活動。通過大量練習來鞏固所學時態
4.Teaching key points(教學重點)1.復習過去進行時的用法;
2.學習新的詞匯和短語的用法
5.Teaching difficult points(教學難點)
1.讓學生了解在怎樣的情景下使用過去進行時;
2.創設情景設計話題,使語法項目在交際活動和完成任務中得到熟練掌握
6.Teaching methods(教學方法)
1.任務型教學法:
2.情景教學法 3.交際教學法 7.Teaching aids(教學用具)a computer, CAI, a recorder, the blakboard 8.Teaching procedures(教學過程)StepⅠ導入 1.呈現圖片
1)T:What are you doing when I enter the classroom?
2)T::Please look at the pictures on the screen and then tell me what they are doing?
【設計說明】
這些圖片的設計目的在于吸引學生的注意力,讓他們能立刻進入角色,投入到學習中來。在復習現在進行時用法的同時,慢慢導出今天的語法。
2.猜測性提問
T:What was I doing at 7 o’clock last night? Do you know? Guess.鼓勵學生充分發揮相象力,大膽進行猜測。
如 S1:You were watching TV.S2:You were having supper.S3:You were talking to your family.在學生回答我問題的同時,將學生說的句子板書在黑板上:
You were watching TV.You were having supper.You were talking to your family.【設計說明】
因為之前已經復習過了現在進行時態,所以學生能比較容易的用正確形式復述過去進行時態的形式。通過這些問題,引導學生利用這一句型進行自由想象的猜測性提問。這種師生的雙向提問加強了師生間的課堂互動,使師生關系更加和諧和融洽。同時師生間的信息差距更能激發學生積極主動地參與思考。
3.觀察句子
讓學生觀察黑板上的句子,找出相似之處(was doing),然后介紹這就是今天要學習的新時態——過去進行時。StepⅡ 精講規則
通過導入部分引導學生自己歸納過去進行時的構成。
因前段時間剛學習過現在進行時,且這兩種師太有許多相似之處,于是通過復習現在進行時,與今天要學的過去進行時進行對比學習,引導學生自己推出過去進行時的肯定、否定和疑問形式。【設計說明】
畢竟是種新的語法,我覺得有必要幫助學生自己復習透徹現在進行時以后再推斷出過去進行時,所以在黑板上逐步板書呈現了兩種語法的比較,以利于層層深入,也讓學生一目了然。StepⅢ 專項練習1.口頭練習
練習was /were的用法, 對學生進行大范圍的造句練習,采用了老師說出時間 “then”和主語,學生站起說出完整句子的形式。如, “I was working then.”是面向全體的練習。
然后用Lucy在上周不同時間干的事情,用二人小組練習,涵蓋了第三人稱,否定形式,一般疑問形式和回答。2.筆頭練習
三道練習題由易到難,先是第一題寫出動詞的現在分詞,然后是第二題對照明確的時間狀語,用所給詞的適當形式填空,最后是第三題在文章中根據所給單詞的適當形式填空。【設計說明】
先說后寫,層層練習過去進行時態,同時大范圍的練習造句,讓每個學生均有機會參與到教學活動中來,體會成功的喜悅。Step Ⅳ 綜合運用
1.拓展延伸,詢問查兇,口語交際,練習過去進行時:
在學生對過去進行時已經有了較為充分的理解之后,我特別設計了一個口語交際環節,當鈴響時你正在干嘛?需要學生運用所學的過去進行時,設計好臺詞,而在充分的小組準備后,上臺表演時,這樣的設計,更能調動學生的參與興趣,既要開動腦筋,精心準備,還要仔細聆聽,細心觀察,做出判斷或改錯。【設計說明】
這個環節,對學生用英語表述、分配任務、推斷案情的要求極高。尤其是對用過去進行時提問,回答、推測,使學生把剛練習過的時態落實到實戰—實際交際中來,這種設計應該是一種極為有效的反饋矯正手段。2.游戲: a.拍桌子
此游戲就是鍛煉學生的聽力和反應能力,我準備了十幾個句子,要求學生注意這些句子的主謂一致是否正確,如果正確則很快的拍一下桌子,如果是錯誤的句子就不做任何動作,坐著不動拍錯和拍得最慢的被淘汰起立。最后剩下的幾名學生就為勝利者,獲得加分的獎勵。句子如下:
a.He was playing basketball yesterday afternoon.b.They was swimming in the lake.c.Your father was repairing the car.d.My mother and I were reading books.e.My friends was watching the match on TV.f.The children was leaning English.g.All of them was playing table tennis.h.My homeroom teacher was sitting in the office.i.I am looking at the picture.j.Neither Lily nor her parents were listening to the radio.b.你做我猜
準備10個卡片,每張卡片上寫上“I was doing sth.”即每個卡片上有一個動作,比如打掃教室,騎自行車,做飯等等。讓一個學生在前面來抽簽然后做動作(不能出聲),其他學生猜測,并且要問“Were you doing …?”如果正確,則做動作者要回答:“yes, I was doing …”;如果錯誤,則回答:“no, I was not doing …”回答正確的學生有加分以及進行下一個動作表演的獎勵。卡片上的句子展示如下:
I was cycling.I was cleaning the classroom..I was talking to the teacher.I was cooking.I was swimming.I was listening to music.I was planting a tree.I was doing my homework.I was dancing.I was reading a newspaper.【設計說明】
為了活躍課堂氣氛,設計出游戲環節,a游戲既訓練了在規定時間內學生的反應速度,又鍛煉學生的聽的能力,激發了學生的競爭意識。通過b游戲一方面可以使學生們更熟練的運用過去進行時的三種形式,另一方面也可以激發學生學習和思考的興趣,讓課堂氣氛在學生們有趣、逼真的動作表演中達到高潮。最后根據回答的情況,評出勝利者,給予適當的表揚和鼓勵。
StepⅤ Summary 1. 補全對話
A:What ▁ you ▁ when I saw you yesterday?
B:I was ▁(listen)to music at that time.Then were you ▁(watch)TV at 7 o’clock last night?
A:No, I was ▁(write)a letter.2.與學生一起歸納過去進行時的用法
【設計說明】
讓學生以對話和與老師一起歸納的方式鞏固過去進行時的用法。9.Homework 用過去進行時態造十個句子,注意要用不同的主語和謂語
10.教學反思
教學成功之處是引導學生一步接一步從淺到深,按預想教學內容理解并能運用了過去進行時態。引入部分和環環相扣的游戲環節讓學生在短時間里產生了學習的積極性和求知欲。整個課堂氣氛輕松活躍,讓學生更加大膽地展現自己;同時也在獎勵制度下,學生之間也存在著激烈的競爭,課堂表演的部分達到了師生課堂的高潮部分。充分顯示了“student-center”及以學生為中心的教學理念。
不足之處是可能沒有顧及到班上極個別基礎比較差的學生,對基礎差的學生就比較看輕了一點,課堂節奏比較快,沒有時間給予個別輔導。
11.資料鏈接
筆頭練習
一、寫出下列動詞的現在分詞:
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空: 1.John_______(work)all day yesterday.2.He _______(walk)home when the(rian)_______begin.3. —What______you _______(do)at ten o'clock yesterday?
—I_______(studay)in class.
4.When Harry _______(have)breakfast Lily _______(telephone)him.
5.When I ________(go)to school this morning I ______(see)a car running into a bus. 6.This time yesterday Jack ______(mend)his bike.7.I ______(write)a letter at ten last night.8.It was six.The Greens ______(have)supper.9.When you ______(knock)at the door yesterday,I ______(do)some washing.10.While my mother ______(watch)TV, I ______(make)a kite.三、用動詞的適當形式填空
I ______(have)dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele ______(come)in.Tony ______(work)in a lawyer's office years ago, but he ______ now ______(work)at a bank.He ______(get)a good salary, but he always ______(borrow)money from his friends and never ______(pay)it back.Tony ______(see)me and ______(come)and ______(sit)at the same table.He has never borrowed money from me.While he ______(eat), I______(ask)him to lend me 20 pounds.To my surprise, he ______(give)me the money immediately.'I have never borrrowed any money from you,' Tony said,'so now you can pay for my dinner!'
第三篇:過去進行時教案[最終版]
過去進行時教學設計 西林中學: 李秀珍
一、教材分析: 1.位置和內容: 外研版八年級下冊第七模塊第三課時。談論如何使用過去進行時。如何使用過去進行時是本單元的重點內容。同時我創造了一些便于進行溝通交流的情境,讓學生學會使用過去進行時。過去進行時是以前學生從未接觸過的一個語法項目。這是一節前置語法課。學生對現在進行時已經比較熟悉,過去進行時的結構和用法與之較為相似。
2.教學重點:如何使用過去進行時。
3.教學難點:如何在由when, while引導的時間狀語使用過去進行時。
二、教學目標:
1.知識目標:要求學生掌握使用過去進行時。
2.能力目標:讓學生做課堂的主人,培養他們掌握一些行之有效的學習方法,優化學習效果。
3.情感目標:讓學生愛上英語課堂活動,鼓勵他們在課堂上進行合作交流。
4.學習策略目標:設法使學生掌握使用英語進行交流,學習積極參與班級活動.通過師友合作的學習模式來鞏固所學時態。
三、教學方法:
1)和諧互助高效課堂教學模式: 2)小組合作
3)師友合作
四、學情分析: 學生七年級下冊就學過現在進行時,并掌握如何使用現在進行時來描述日常活動,而且掌握了一些日常活動的短語,已經能夠正確理解句子了,對各個時態的區分已經有了基本上的認識,有利于他們學習過去進行時.五:教學用具:PPT小黑板 教學步驟: ㈠ 溫故而知新 ①向學生展示四張有關現在進行時的動畫圖片,問學生四個問題: 1,老師:Listen!What is happening? 學生:It’s raining.2,老師:Look!What are they doing? 學生:They are dancing.3,老師:What is the woman doing now? 學生:She is lying on the grass.4,老師:What are the fish doing at the moment/ right now? 學生:They are swimming.②讓學生觀察上面四幅畫所涉及到的句子,師友、小組間合作討論,歸納出: ⑴現在進行時的定義: ⑵現在進行時的基本結構: ⑶現在進行時的標志詞: ⑷現在進行時的基本句型(陳訴句,一般疑問句,否定句): ⑸V-ing的變化規則: 設計意圖:通過生動帶有 動畫形式的圖片,創設活潑輕松的課堂氣氛,調動學生參與課堂的興趣。讓學生自行觀察四個典型句子,通過師友、小組合作形式討論歸納出現在進行時的用法,增強學生歸納,總結問題的能力,通過對舊知識的鞏固復習,形成新能力。㈡導入新課 ①出示動畫圖片: 老師:What was the rabbit doing at 9 last night? 自然而然導入“過去進行時”的課題。② 出示四個過去進行時的典型句子: 1,I was dancing at 8 last night.2,Were they having a party at that/this time last night? 3,You were not playing the piano then.4,What were they doing from 7 to 10 yesterday afternoon? 讓學生觀察上面四句子,師友、小組合作討論出,歸納出: ⑴過去進行時的定義: ⑵過去進行時的基本結構: ⑶過去進行時的標志詞: ⑷過去進行時的基本句型(陳訴句,一般疑問句,否定句): ③討論完成后,寫到小黑板上,并展示。設計意圖:讓學生在對現在進行時歸納總結后,再推導出過去進行時的用法,讓過去的知識能力得到遷移,提升,形成解決新問題的能力。此外,讓學生自行推導,歸納出過去進行時的用法,而不是將知識的原委直接告訴學生,讓學生自己思考,解決問題,激發學生的求知欲,增強學生課堂主人翁的地位,能培養,激發學生的創新能力。㈢ 當堂練習 造句接龍游戲: 教師在幻燈片上出示一個過去進行時的提示詞,共有四個提示詞,每個提示詞讓3個學生接龍造句: 學生A隨意做一個動作,后問學生B:What was I doing at 8 last night ? 學生B 根據學生A所做動作回答問題:You were …… 學生B隨意做一個動作,后問學生C:What was I doing……? 如此循環,按次序用四個標志詞造句。設計意圖:通過游戲的形式,讓單調的語法課變得生動起來。通過口頭的不斷強化練習,加強學生對過去進行時用法的掌握。㈣ 鞏固提高 ① 教師出示幾個關于when/while引導的過去進行時的句子 讓學生觀察句子,總結歸納出兩者的用法區別。② 出示when/while相關練習題。讓學生先師友合作,共同完成。③中考鏈接:出示近幾年過去進行時的中考題。讓學生先師友合作,共同完成。設計意圖:習題難度依次增加,檢驗學生對知識的運用能力,鞏固學生新學知識,形成決絕問題的能力。
㈤ 歸納總結。① 師友之間互相討論,歸納本節課所學知識。教師提問及對師友本課學到了什么知識。② 師友互評。設計意圖:及時總結,能讓學生對所學知識形成完成清晰的網絡;師友互評,師友之間通過互相誠摯的評價,讓師友雙方能認識到自己的有點和不足,同時能增進師友之間的感情,有益于他們今后進行更好的合作學習。6
第四篇:過去進行時習題
1.——There'll be billions of people to watch the Spring Festival gala on TV tonight.——I know.The whole world______.It's a really wonderful event.A.watches
B.is watchingC.has watchedD.will be watching
2.Do we have to wear our school uniforms tomorrow?
—I think so.We ________ the comingofage ceremony in the afternoon.A.will be attendingB.have attended C.attendD.attended
3.A: I called you yesterday evening ,but there was no answer.B: Oh ,I am sorry Idinner at my friend’s home.A.haveB.hadC.was having D.have had()
4.A: Did you notice him come in? B: No.I _____a football game.A.have watchedB.had watchedC.am watchingD.was watching
5.A: How did the accident happen ?
B: You know , it ______ difficult to see the road clearly because it _____.A.was ?.was rainingB.is ? has rainedC.is ? is rainingD.will be ? will rain
6.A: Hi , Lin Tao.I didn’t see you at the party.B: Oh, I ________ ready for the maths exam.A.am gettingB.was gettingC.gotD.have got
7.A: I called you at about half past eight last night , but nobody answered.B: Oh , I ______ in my office at that time.A.will workB.was workingC.workedD.had worked()
8.His family _____ TV from ten to twelve last night.A.watchedB.were watchingC.had watchedD.Was
9---What will you do tomorrow evening?
---I _____my favorite program between 8 and 11, then I will go out to drink in my usual bar.A.will watchB.am about to watchC.will be watchingD.am watching
10.“Can you attend the party tonight?”
“No,_____ the boss about something urgent.”
AI seeBI shall have seenCI’ll be seeingDI can see
11.I ____ my grandmother at three this afternoon.A shall be visitingB shall have visitedC shall be visitingD will visit
第五篇:過去進行時及狀語從句
一、過去進行時
過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或者某段時間正在進行或發生的動作,常和表過去的時間狀語連用,如:
1.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.昨天的這個時候我正在做作業。
2.They were waiting for you yesterday.他們昨天一直在等你。
3.He was cooking in the kitchen at 12 o'clock yesterday.昨天12點,他正在廚房燒飯。過去進行時的構成:
肯定形式:主語+was/were+V-ing 否定形式:主語+was not(wasn't)/were not(weren't)+V-ing 疑問形式:Was/Were+主語+V-ing。基本用法:
1.過去進行時表示過去某一段時間或某一時刻正在進行的動作。常與之連用的時間狀語有,at that time/moment,(at)this time yesterday(last night/Sunday/week…), at+點鐘+yesterday(last night / Sunday…),when sb.did sth.等時間狀語從句,如:
1)What were you doing at 7p.m.yesterday?
昨天晚上七點你在干什么?
2)I first met Mary three years ago.She was working at a radio shop at the time.我第一次遇到瑪麗是在三年前,當時她在一家無線電商店工作。
3)I was cooking when she knocked at the door.她敲門時我正在做飯。
2.when后通常用表示暫短性動詞,while后通常用表示持續性動詞,而while所引導的狀語從句中,謂語動詞常用進行時態,如:When the car exploded I was walking past it.= While I was walking past the car it exploded.3.when用作并列連詞時,主句常用進行時態,從句則用一般過去時,表示主句動作發生的過程中,另一個意想不到的動作發生了。如:
I was walking in the street when someone called me.我正在街上走時突然有人喊我。
4.when作并列連詞,表示“(這時)突然”之意時,第一個并列分句用過去進行時,when引導的并列分句用一般過去時。如:
1)I was taking a walk when I met him.我正在散步,突然遇見了他。
2)We were playing outside when it began to rain.我們正在外邊玩,這時下起雨來了。過去進行時和一般過去時的用法比較:
1)過去進行時表示過去正在進行的動作,而一般過去時則表示一個完整的動作。
例如:They were writing letters to their friends last night.昨晚他們在寫信給他們的朋友。(沒有說明信是否寫完)
They wrote letters to their friends last night.他們昨晚寫了信給他們的朋友。(表達了他們已寫好的意思,整個寫的過程已完成。)
2)當動作延續較長時間時或表示厭煩、贊美等感情色彩時,常用過去進行時表示。
例如:He was thinking more of others than of himself.他考慮別人的比考慮自己的多。(表示說話者贊揚的口氣)
The boy was always making trouble then.那時,他總是惹麻煩。(表示說話者厭煩的口氣)
二、狀語從句:
在復合句中,修飾主句的動詞,形容詞或副詞等的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句根據它表達的意思可分為時間、原因、條件、比較、目的、結果和讓步等類型。
(根據考試說明,前四個要求掌握,其它要求理解)
時間狀語(常由下列從屬連詞引導)
when, as ,while(當……時候; 一邊…… 一邊……;在……期間),before(在……之前),after(在……之后),as soon as(一…… 就……)
since(自從……時起到現在),till/until(直到……時)等 例如:
1)When my cousin came yesterday, I was playing volleyball.昨天我表哥來的時候,我在打排球。
2)When the air moves, it is called wind.空氣流動,就產生風。
3)As the boys walked along the lake, they sang happily.這些男孩一邊沿湖邊走,一邊愉快地唱歌。
4)While I was sleeping, the UFO arrived.當我在睡覺時,UFO到達了。when和while引導時間狀語從句的區別:
when表示“當……的時候”。從句中既可用延續性動詞,又可用非延續性動詞,這些動詞既可以表示動作,又可表示狀態。從句中的動作既可和主句的動作同時發生,又可在主句的動作之前或之后發生。
例如:Mary was having dinner when I saw her.The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning.When the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.while表示“在……的時候”、“在……期間”、“一邊……一邊……”。while從句中必須是表示動作或狀態的延續性動詞。它強調主句的動作與從句的動作同時發生或主句的動作發生在從句的動作過程中。
例如:The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.She called while I was out.I was drawing while my brother was reading.He likes reading a newspaper while he is waiting for the bus.如果主句的動作在從句的動作過程中發生,從句常用進行時。例如:While we were swimming, someone stole our clothes.Don't talk so loud while others are working.有時when 和while 可以轉換使用。
例如:The girl was watching TV when the alien got in.when和while引導的時間狀語從句與這一時態連用。所以區別when和while的用法成了這一單元的難點。
(一)、when,while都有“當……時候”的意思。
when既可表示某一點時間,也可以表示某一段時間。在when引導的時間狀語從句中,其謂語動詞可以是延續性的,也可以是非延續性的,可與主句中的謂語動詞同時發生,也可在其后發生。
例如:
1、I was just reading a book when she came into my room.她走進我房間時,我正在看書。
2、Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老師進來的時候,你在寫信嗎?
3、When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小時候就常常試驗一些新的設想。
(二)、while只能表示某一段時間,不能表示某一點時間。在while引導的時間狀語從句中,其謂語動詞只能是延續性的,而且也只能與主句中的謂語動詞同時發生或存在。例
1、While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.正當吉姆修自行車時,林濤來看他。
2、You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業。
(三)、另外,when和while的區別還在于:while引導的時間狀語從句多用進行時態,而when引導的時間狀語從句多用一般時態。例如:
1、While they were talking , the bell rang.正在他們談話的時候,上課鈴響了。
2、I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.昨天晚上媽媽回家的時候,我正在做家庭作
通過觀察,我們可以這樣理解:when引導的從句里動作發生的時間相對主句動作發生的時間要短些;while引導的從句里的動作發生的時間相對主句而言更長些。
引申講解:
When,While,As引導時間狀語從句的區別
when,while,as顯然都可以引導時間狀語從句,但用法區別非常大。
一、when可以和延續性動詞連用,也可以和短暫性動詞連用;而while和as只能和延續性動詞連用。
① Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?(get為短暫性動詞)你已經找到如此好的工作,為何還想再找新的?
②Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call為短暫性動詞)對不起,你打電話時我剛好外出了。
③Strike while the iron is hot.(is為延續性動詞,表示一種持續的狀態)趁熱打鐵。④ The students took notes as they listened.(listen為延續性動詞)學生們邊聽課邊做筆記。
二、when從句的謂語動詞可以在主句謂語動作之前、之后或同時發生;while和as從句的謂語動作必須是和主句謂語動作同時發生。1.從句動作在主句動作前發生,只用 when。
①When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先發生)當他完成作業后,他休息了一會兒。
②When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后發生)當我趕到飛機場時,客人們已經離開了。
2從句動作和主句動作同時發生,且從句動作為延續性動詞時,when,while,as都可用。
①When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance為延續性動詞)當我們跳舞時,一位陌生人走了進來。
②When /While /As she was making a phone call,I was writing a letter.(make為延續性動詞)當她在打電話時,我正在寫信。
3.當主句、從句動作同時進行,從句動作的時間概念淡化,而主要表示主句動作發生的背景或條件時,只能用 as。這時,as常表示“隨著……”;“一邊……,一邊……”之意。① As the time went on,the weather got worse.(as表示“隨著……”之意)② The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 隨著高度的增加,大氣越來越稀薄。
③As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer. 隨著時間一年一年過去,中國變得越來越富強了。
④The little girls sang as they went.小姑娘們一邊走,一邊唱。
⑤The sad mother sat on the roadside,shouting as she was crying. 傷心的媽媽坐在路邊,邊哭邊叫。
4.在將來時從句中,常用when,且從句須用一般時代替將來時。
①You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我讀完這本書后,你可以借閱。
②When the manager comes here for a visit next week,Ill talk with him about this.下周,經理來這參觀時,我會和他談談此事。
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指過去的事情)。
sb.had hardly(=scarcely)done sth.when...=Hardly / Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...
①I had hardly /scarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我剛一閉上眼,就有人在敲門了。
②I had hardly /scarcely entered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /Scarcely had I entered my room when the telephone rang. 我剛一走進房門,電話就響了。Whenwhileas的區別
①when是at or during the time that, 既指時間點,也可指一段時間;
while是during the time that,只指一段時間,因此when引導的時間狀語從句中的動詞可以是終止性動詞,也可以是延續性動詞,而while從句中的動詞必須是延續性動詞。②when 說明從句的動作和主句的動作可以是同時,也可以是先后發生;while 則強調主句的動作在從句動作的發生的過程中或主從句兩個動作同時發生。
③由when引導的時間狀語從句,主句用過去進行時,從句應用一般過去時;如果從句和主句的動作同時發生,兩句都用過去進行時的時候,多用while引導,如: a.When the teacher came in, we were talking.當此句改變主從句的位置時,則為:
While we were talking, the teacher came in.b.They were singing while we were dancing.④when和while 還可作并列連詞。when表示“在那時”;while表示“而,卻”,表對照關系。如:
a.The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.孩子們正要跑過去搬開那袋米,這時他們聽到了摩托車的聲音。b.He is strong while his brother is weak.他長得很結實,而他弟弟卻很瘦弱。
過去進行時練習題
一、用動詞的適當形式填空。
1.While we __________(wait)for the bus, a girl __________(run)up to us.2.I __________(telephone)a friend when Bob __________(come)in.3.Jim __________(jump)on the bus as it __________(move)away.4.We __________(test)the new machine when the electricity __________(go)off.5.She __________(not want)to stay in bed while the others ________(all, work)in the fields.6.While mother ________(put)Cathy to bed, the door bell ________(ring).7.As I __________(walk)in the park, it __________(begin)to rain.8.Even when she ___________(be)a child she _____ _____(already, think)of becoming a ballerina(芭蕾舞演員).9.It was quite late at night.George __________(read)and Amy __________(ply)her needle when they __________(hear)a knock at the door.10.There __________(be)a group round the fire when they __________(reach)it.An old woman __________(sit)on the ground near the kettle;two small children __________(lie)near her;a donkey __________(bend)his head over a tall girl.1.I _____(have)my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.2.Mary _____(go)over her lessons from six to seven last night.John and peter ____(do)the same thing.3.What _____ you ___(do)at that time? We _____(watch)TV.4.Was your father at home yesterday evening? Yes ,he was.He _____(listen)to the radio.5.They _____(not make)a model ship when I saw him.6._____ they ____(have)a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon? No, they _____.They
_____(clean)the classroom.7.______ it ______(rain)when you left school? Yes, it ____.(No, it ____)8.What _____ your father _____(do)when he was your age? 9.One day, Edison _____(wait)for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(軌道)to play.10.He asked me if I ______(go)fishing that afternoon.11.The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _____(leave)in five minutes.12.In a letter, john told us that he _____(come)to china next month.13.When the bell rang, jenny _____(wait)in her seat.14.She _____(make)her dress the whole afternoon.15.While my father ____(look)through the evening paper, he suddenly ____ a cry.二、選擇題。
1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.a.cooked, were ringing b.was cooking, rang c.was cooking, were ringing d.cooked, rang 2.He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a.tries b.tried c.was trying d.will try 3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.a.was watching, was hearing b.watched, was hearing c.watched, heard d.was watching, heard 4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a.were watching b.watch c.watched d.are watching 5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon? a.did, read, was seeing b.did, read, saw c.were, reading, saw d.were, reading, was seeing 6.It was Friday evening.Mr and Mrs.Green _____ ready to fly to England.a.are getting b.get c.were getting d.got 7.Lei Feng _____ always _____ of others when he ______ in the army.a.is, thinking, was b.was, thinking, is c.did, think, is d.was, thinking, was 8.A girl ______ my pen fall off the table when she _____ me.a.saw, passed b.was seeing, passed c.was seeing, passed d.was seeing, was passing 9.We ____ for tom at ten last Sunday.He often kept us ______.a.were waiting, waiting b.were waiting, wait
c.waited, waiting d.waited, wait 10.He ____ his father on the farm the whole afternoon last Saturday.a.helps
b.would help
c.was helping
d.is helping 11.While mother _______ some washing, I _____ a kite for Kate.a.did, made b.was doing, made c.was doing, was making d.did, was making 12.“_______ you angry then?” “they ______ too much noise.”
a.are, were making
b.were, were making
c.are, made
d.were, made 13.He ____ some cooking at that time, so _____ me a.did, heard b.did, didn’t hear
c.was doing, heard d.was doing, didn’t hear 14.This time yesterday jack _____ his bike.He _____ TV a.repaired, didn’t watch
b.was repairing, watched
c.repaired, watched
d.was repairing, wasn’t watching
15.His parents wanted to know how he _____ on with his new classmates.a.was getting
b.gets
c.is getting
d.will get
三、翻譯。
1.昨天這個時候你們英語老師在做什么?她在和一些家長談話嗎? 2.當我離開的時候他正在畫一幅世界地圖。
3.當你看見他們的時候他們在干什么?他們在打掃教室。4.那時二班的學生沒在操場上踢足球,他們在打籃球。5.一天,母親下班回家的時候,約翰在寫給一個朋友寫信。6.上周五一下午,學生們在干什么?他們一直在往墻上貼海報。7.昨天這個時候,一些學生在植樹,一些學生在給小樹澆水。8.老師走進教室的時候,學術們正在談論當天的新聞。9.老虎等猴子的時候,他聽到一個聲音。
10.今天上午放學的時候在下雨嗎?是的,天正下著大雨。