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八年級冠詞與數詞

時間:2019-05-15 04:11:35下載本文作者:會員上傳
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第一篇:八年級冠詞與數詞

課題:冠詞和數詞

課型:一對一

備課人:

備課時間:2014.12.4 科目:英語

本備課適合學生:

八年級提高 教學目標:

1、能聽說讀寫Module9的單詞及短語

2、了解Module9單詞及短語的用法

3、了解冠詞和數詞的用法及該考點中考中的題型 教學內容:

1、Module9單詞及短語的用法講解

2、Module9弱項訓練

3、語法講解:冠詞和數詞用法及考點直擊

4、拓展練習,鞏固知識點 重點難點:

1、能熟練運用Module9的單詞的短語

2、掌握冠詞和數詞的用法及其中考考題類型 教學策略與方法: 課題

一、知識回顧 Module 9 1.prepare for =get ready for 為?..做準備 2.be in the right place to do sth.剛好在做某事

3.too much + 不可數名詞

太多 too many + 可數名詞復數 much too+adj.太...much too heavy 太重

4.growing population= increasing population 正在增長的人口

5.one fifth of 五分之一

two fifths of 五分之二

5.hang on a minute=wait a minute =wait a moment

等一下

6.make notes=take notes 做筆記

7.It is clear that +句子

很清楚、很明顯 8.an eight-year-old girl 一個8歲大的女孩 an eighteen-year-old girl 一個18歲的女孩 an eleven-year –old boy 一個11歲的男孩 9.danger(n.)in danger處于危險中 dangerous(adj.)safe

10.be excited to do sth.興奮去做某事 11.make lethave sb.do sth.使、讓某人做某事 make sb.adj.12.have no place to live in沒有地方可住 13.look for尋找(過程)find找到(結果)

find out查清(通過研究找出結果)14.be surprisedinterestedexcited to do sth.15.驚奇的有興趣的興奮的去做某事 16.less and less 越來越少

+不可數名詞

fewer and fewer越來越少

+可數名詞

more and more越來越多

+可數、不可數名詞 17.make a plan定一個計劃

18.adj.enough to do sth.足夠?..去做某事 19.go back=return返回

20.such as沒有逗號,后面一般加n.或者短語 for example一般有逗號,后面一般加句子 21.solve a problem 解決問題 22.not?any more 不再?..23.close down(永久)關閉;關停 弱項訓練

一、根據句意及首字母提示完成句子(每小題1分,滿分5分)46.The i

population is a big problem in the world.47.—What are you doing?

—I am making n

for a report.48.There are two stones in the new park.One is so h

, and the other is so small.49.The government has built many f

in my hometown for people to live in.50.Lingling studied in the l

__

school in her village two years ago.二、用所給詞的適當形式填空(每小題1分,滿分5分)51.In the future, there

____

(not be)many schools.52.It usually takes me half an hour

_____

(walk)to school.53.The government should pay much attention to the

____

(increase)population.54.I think Beijing is one of the

_______

(beautiful)places in the world.55.No one

____(know)when he will be back.三、完形填空(每小題1.5分,滿分15分)

It seems that the cities in the future will have to change.Because the world’s population

, there will be

people in the cities tomorrow.It may be

for any family to live in a house with land around it.There

enough space for them.25

to solve this problem may be the skyscraper city(摩天城).The highest building in the world today is in the United Arab Emirates(阿拉伯聯合酋長國).It’s about 828 meters high.The skyscraper cities in the future will be many times

.About 250,000 people will live in a skyscraper city.Nearly a million people can in four of these great buildings.Each skyscraper city will have four towns in it and each town will have ten villages.They will live, work and

their free time in them.They won’t need to leave the city

they want to.They will be able to move about in the city by transport controlled

computers.Let’s imagine how the life will be then!()21.A.has grown

B.is growing

C.are growing D.have grown()22.A.many

B.much

C.more

D.larger()23.A.impossible

B.possible

C.important

D.necessary()24.A.aren’t

B.won’t be

C.won’t have D.haven’t()25.A.A way

B.A road

C.An answer D.An idea()26.A.lower

B.shorter

C.stronger

D.higher()27.A.live

B.study

C.work

D.be()28.A.spend

B.cost

C.pay

D.take()29.A.until

B.when

C.while

D.unless()30.A.by

B.at

C.with

D.in

二、知識傳授

冠詞和數詞 【考點直擊】

1.不定冠詞a與an的用法 2.定冠詞the的用法 3.“零”冠詞

4.基數詞的用法 5.序數詞的用法 【名師點睛】 一.冠詞的用法

冠詞是虛詞,放在名詞之前,用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。A(an)叫不定冠詞,the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前,an用在元音之前。1.不定冠詞的用法

(1)a和an均用在單數名詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。例如: John is a student.Mary is an English teacher.(2)指某一類人或事物中的任何一個。例如: A steel worker makes steel.Pass me an apple, please.(3)指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或和物。例如: A student wants to see you.A girl is waiting for you outside.(4)表示“每一”的意思,相當于every。例如: Take the medicine three times a day.They go to see their parents once a week.(5)用于序數詞前,表示“又一,再一”。

I have read the books twice, but I want to read a third time.I don’t have enough money, I need another ten hundred to buy the computer.2.定冠詞用法

(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:

The book on the desk is an English dictionary.Beijing is the capital of China.(2)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:

Open the door, please.Jack is in the library.(3)上文提到過的人或事物。例如:

Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike.The bike cost him 200 yuan.(4)表示世界上獨一無二的事物。例如:

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.(5)用在序數詞和形容詞最高級之前。例如:

Shanghai is the biggest city in China.January is the first month of the year.(6)用在某些形容詞之前,表示某一類人或事物。例如:

The nurse is kind to the sick.We should take good care of the old.(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習慣用語中。例如:

the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。

(8)用在姓氏復數之前,表示“某某一家人”,“某某夫婦”。例如:

the Browns, the whites等。

(9)用在方位名詞前 或習慣用法

in the south / on the right / in the day / in the end

(10)用在山脈、江河、海洋、島等名詞前。

如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea, the Taiwan Island, etc.(11)用在某些建筑物名詞前。

如:the White House, the Great Hall of the People 3.不用冠詞的情況

(1)某些專有名詞(國名,城市名,人名, 路名),抽象名詞和物質名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如:

China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。

(2)名詞前已有作定語用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代詞時,不用冠詞。例如:

That is my cap.I have some questions.Go down this street.(3)復數名詞表示一類人或事物時,不用冠詞。They are workers.We are students.(4)稱呼語前不用冠詞,表示頭銜和職務的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如: I don’t feel well today, Mother.Bush was made president of the U.S.(5)三餐飯的名稱前,棋類, 球類活動,學科和節目名詞前,常不用冠詞。例如: I have lunch at home.He often plays football and chess after class.We have English and maths every day.(6)節日、星期、月份、季節名稱前。如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 但中國的傳統節日前一般加“the” The Mid-Autumn Day 中秋節

The Spring Festival 春節

(7)在某些固定詞組里,名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如:

By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school/university, on foot, from morning till night 等。定冠不定冠 意思差千萬

有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞,其意義有所不同。如: 1)at table在吃飯;

at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上課;

in the class在班級中 3)go to school去上學;go to the school到那所學校去 4)go to bed上床睡覺;

go to the bed到床那邊去 5)in front of在?的前面;

in the front of在?的前部.二.數詞的用法

數詞分基數詞和序數詞?;鶖翟~表示數目,序數詞表示順序。1.基數詞的用法

(1)基數詞在句中主要用作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語,例如:

Thirty of them are Party members.(主語)

---How many would you like?

---Three,please.(作賓語)

The nine boys are from Tianjing.(定語)

Six plus four is ten.(表語)

We four will go with you.(同位語)

(2)表示一個具體數字時,hundred, thousand, million一律不用復數;在表示一個不確定數字時則用復數。例如:

Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.There are three thousand students in our school.After the war, thousands of people became homeless.Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.They arrived in twos and threes.

(3)表示“??十”的數詞的復數形式可用來表示人的歲數或年代,例如:

He is in his early thirties.

He died still in his forties.

This took place in 1930s.(4)表示時刻用基數詞。例如: We get up at six.The workers begin work at eight.表示“幾點過幾分”,用介詞past,但須在半小時以內。例如: ten past ten,a quarter past nine, half past twelve

表示“幾點差幾分”用介詞to, 但分數須在半小時以上。例如: twenty to nine, five to eight, a quarter to ten

表示“幾點幾分”還可直接用基數詞。例如: seven fifteen, eleven thirty, nine twenty

2.序數詞的用法

(1)序數詞主要用作定語,前面要加定冠詞,例如:

The first truck is carrying a foot baskets.

John lives on the fifteenth floor.

(2)序數詞有時前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”,“又一”這樣的意思,例如:

We'll have to do it a second time.

Shall I ask him a third time?

When I sat down,a fourth man rose to speak.

(3)由幾個序數詞和基數詞在拼寫時不對應,很容易寫錯,應特別注意。它們是:

one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。(4)表示年,月,日時,年用基數詞表示,日用序數詞表示。例如: 1949年十月一日讀作: October(the)first, nineteen sixty 2004年九月十日讀作:September(the)tenth, two thousand and four(5)表示分數時,分子用基數詞表示,分母用序數詞表示。分子大于1時,分母加-s。例如:

three fourths,one second,two fifths(6)序數詞有時用縮寫形式:

first→1st second→2nd

third→3rd fourth→4th

twenty-second→22nd

三、知識拓展 冠詞和數詞練習

一、單項選擇。

1.(2007年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Guangdong Sports Games was held in Foshan last November.A.The twelve

B.Twelfth

C.The twelfth 2.(2007年廣東省佛山市中考題)Do you like a blue bike for your birthday?-----But I prefer

green one.A.the

B./

C.a 3.(2008年廣東省佛山市中考題)

When you make a mistake, don't always make _______ excuse for yourself.A.an

B.the

C./ 4.(2008年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Guangdong Sports Games was held in Foshan last November.A.The twelve

B.Twelfth

C.The twelfth 5.(2009年廣東省佛山市中考題)

After Lucy and Lily, Tony is now

student to win the game in our class.A.the third

B.a third

C.the second 6.(2009年廣東省佛山市中考題)

―Do you like the song You and Me?

一Yes, very much.I've never heard

.A.a better one

B.a good one

C.the best one 7.(2010年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Lao She was a very famous writer and even

young like his works.A.the

B./

C.a 8.(2011年廣東省佛山市中考題)

In LA Lingling lived with

Smiths and got on well with the host family.A.a

B.the

C./ 9.(2011年廣東省佛山市中考題)

To many foreigners, Guangzhou has become their

hometown.A.two

B.second

C.the second 10.(2012年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Was maths exam which we took yesterday difficult?

A.a B.the C.an 11.(2012年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Three students ran faster than Lily in the race.Lily was

.A.the fourth

B.four

C.the third 12.(2013年廣東省佛山市中考題)

______ 2013 Guangzhou Reading Month was started on Mar.30th.A.A

B.An

C.The 13.(2013年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Wang Yaping will become China’s ______ woman astronaut into space after Liu Yang.A.two

B.second

C.the second 14.(2014年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Thank you for

invitation.I’m looking forward to that party.A.a

B.an

C.the 15.(2014年廣東省佛山市中考題)

Batman and spiderman are

of the most famous American cartoons.A.two

B.second

C.the second 二.句子改錯:下面各句A, B, C, D中有一處錯誤,請指出并改正。1.May is

a

fifth month of the year.()

A

B

C

D 2.The film has been on for half a hour.()

A

B

C

D 3.The boys and the girls often play the foot ball in

the afternoon.()

A

B

C

D 4.It looks rain.Why not take a umbrella with you?()

A

B

C

D 5.Li Mei often gives us some good information by the e-meil.()

A

B

C

D

6.We’ve planted two hundreds trees in the centre of our city this year.()

A

B

C

D 7.Five million

of dollars is a lot of money.()

A

B

C

D 8.There are thousand of

children in the park now.()

A

B

C

D 9.By the end of twenty century, the world population had passed six billion.()

A

B

C

D 10.Over three fifth of the world’s books and newspapers are written in English.()

A

B

C

D

四、知識小結

本節課主要學習了Module9重要的單詞和短語,對Module9的弱項知識進行訓練,讓學生掌握做題技巧,鞏固學生的弱項知識點,并講解單元語法冠詞和數詞,了解其用法及考點,為中考考此類型的題奠定基礎。

五、布置作業 模塊綜合檢測(九)Module 9(45分鐘

100分)第Ⅰ卷(共40分)Ⅰ.聽力(10分)(Ⅰ)錄音中有五段對話,聽一遍后,選擇最佳答案。(5分)1.Which country has the larger population? A.China.B.India.C.Canada.2.Does the man think the world’s population will stop increasing? A.Yes,he does.B.No,he doesn’t.C.I don’t know.3.What does the man think is the biggest problem in the world today? A.Too much traffic.B.Poor education.C.Population growth.4.Does the man know what will happen? A.Yes.B.No.C.We don’t know.5.Why can’t they watch TV? A.Because they are too close to the TV.B.Because the man doesn’t like watching TV.C.Because there is no TV show at that time.(Ⅱ)錄音中有一篇短文,聽兩遍后,選擇最佳答案。(5分)6.China has a population of about______.A.1.37 million

B.13.7 billion C.1.37 billion 7.Half of the people in China live______.A.in the countryside

B.in the island C.out of the country 8.______the families can offer their children a good education.A.All

B.None of

C.Not all 9.______problem is still very serious in China according to the letter.A.Less developed education B.Comfortable life C.The large population 10.Maria wants to know______of Dick’s country.A.the population

B.the life C.the education Ⅱ.單項選擇(10分)1.(2012·涼山中考)This is______interesting movie and it’s also______most interesting one I’ve ever seen.A.an;a

B.an;the

C.a;the 2.______trees will be planted on that mountain next spring.A.Thousands of

B.Two thousands C.Two thousand of

D.Thousand of 3.Many countries are making laws to______pollution.A.protect

B.fight

C.save

D.try 4.There______many changes in my home town in ten years’time.A.will have

B.will has C.will be

D.is having 5.To live a green life,we should try to save______energy and produce______ pollution.A.more;less

B.less;more C.more;fewer

D.most;least 6.Mo Yan is one of the______writers in China.A.largest

B.greatest

C.biggest

D.hugest 7.She is a quiet girl,so she doesn’t like too______people or too______noise.A.many;many

B.much;much C.many;much

D.much;many 8.Business is too bad.They will have to______soon.A.pick up

B.close to C.pay for

D.close down 9.—Can you finish the work in an hour? —______.A.Good idea

B.That’s all right C.No problem

D.I don’t believe it

10.______the population of China by the year 2060? A.How many will be

B.How much will be C.What will be

D.What will Ⅲ.完形填空(10分)

What is the population of China?There are more than 1.37 billion people in China.It is__1__one fifth of the world’s population.How to control the population growth is a big problem.Some people think it’s__2__to control the population growth.But I don’t quite agree__3__them because where there is a will,there is a way.The question is how we could__4__it known to everyone how serious the population problems are.Our farmland is becoming less and less to everyone.We have already got too many mouths to feed.__5__we control the population growth,many people will die__6__hunger.Too fast population growth will be bad for our nation.Though laws have been passed to control the population growth,in some places__7__is done to carry out(貫徹)the laws.We should make people__8__that it is foolish of them to give birth to too many children.They should no longer do what they have been doing for many years.We are fighting__9__too fast population growth.Yet the fighting won’t end__10__everyone knows its importance and does something for it.1.A.most B.almost

C.highly

D.hardly 2.A.possible

B.necessary C.impossible

D.unnecessary 3.A.to

B.for

C.with

D.on 4.A.let

B.make

C.ask

D.bring 5.A.If not

B.Unless

C.Until

D.If 6.A.of

B.about

C.in

D.out of 7.A.many

B.little

C.a lot

D.much 8.A.to know

B.to learn C.know

D.learning 9.A.for

B.against

C.to

D.about 10.A.until

B.after

C.when

D.as Ⅳ.任務型閱讀(10分)Most new people were born in developing countries.These countries are found in much of Africa,South America and some parts of Asia.In the developed countries of Europe and North America,the population is growing very slowly.This is because women in these countries have,on average(平均),only one or two children.In the developing countries,many women have five or more children.In 1950,around__________①(百分之二十五)of the world’s population lived in the developed countries.By 2050,these countries will be home to only around one tenth of the world’s population.②In the developing countries,more than one billion people are still living below the poverty(貧困)line.These people do not have enough food to eat and they live in poor housing.Children get little time at school and people suffer(遭受痛苦)from many kinds of diseases.③At the beginning of the 21st century,the world’s population was around six billion.The U.N.has said that the world’s population will level off(平穩下降)at 12.5 billion by the year 2100.Other groups think the world’s population will continue to grow,reaching 14 billion before it becomes stable(穩定的),or even falls.閱讀短文,完成下列任務。

1.In what areas of the world can developing countries be found? __________________________________________________________________ 2.將①處的漢語翻譯成英語。

__________________________________________________________________ 3.將句②翻譯成漢語。

__________________________________________________________________ 4.寫出句③的同義句。

At the beginning of the 21st century,the world______ ______ ______ ______about six billion.5.There will be twelve and a half billion people on the earth in 2100,won’t there? __________________________________________________________________ 第Ⅱ卷(共60分)Ⅴ.詞匯運用(10分)(Ⅰ)根據句意及首字母提示完成單詞。(5分)1.It’s hard for us to s________the problem.2.The factory has produced a lot of r______,so the environment is very dirty around it.3.Many p______are playing basketball with their PE teacher on the playground now.4.A b______is one thousand million.5.It’s q________and dark in the midnight there.(Ⅱ)用所給詞的適當形式填空。(5分)6.Which city has the______(large)population,Shanghai,Beijing or Qingdao? 7.Two______(five)of the students are girls in Class 6,Grade 8.8.Countryside’s population______(not grow)so fast in the future.9.Look!She______(make)notes.10.The government needs______(build)more homes.Ⅵ.完成句子(10分)1.——你好,我是凱羅爾,請瑪麗接電話好嗎? ——請稍等,她馬上來。

—Hello,this is Carol.May I______ ______Mary? —Please______ ______.She is coming at once.2.我家在公園附近。

My home______ ______ ______the park.3.去年帕克威爾的人口是多少呢? ______ ______the population______Parkville last year? 4.我們搬到了一所有2 000名學生的學校。We______ ______a school______2,000 students.5.噪音污染對我們的聽力是有害的。______ ______is bad for our hearing.Ⅶ.短文填空(10分)enough,health,live in,stand room,thousand, slow,grow,ever before,earth,population Ten thousand years ago,the world’s__1__was very small.For several__2__years it grew quite__3__.But during the last three or four hundred years it__4__very quickly.Today,it is still growing faster than__5__.In 600 years,there will be only__6__on the earth.Each person will have one half to one square metre of space__7__.This means we must grow more food,and have smaller families with fewer,but__8__children.If we don’t do these things,the results will be bad.There will not be__9__space even to stand in on the__10__.1.______2.______3.______4.______5.______ 6.______7.______8.______9.______10.______ Ⅷ.書面表達(30分)

結合本模塊所學知識,從自己的切身感受出發,以“Problems Caused by the Increasing Population”為題,寫一篇有關人口增長引發的問題的短文。要求:80個詞左右。短文開頭已給出,不計入總詞數。Problems Caused by the Increasing Population Nowadays,the population of the world is becoming larger and larger.With the increase of the population of the world, ____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案解析

Ⅰ.【聽力材料】

(Ⅰ)1.W:What about the population of India? M:It’s just smaller than that of China.2.W:What will the population of the world be? M:It will increase,I think.3.W:What’s the biggest problem the world faces today? M:Some say it’s too much traffic.Others say it’s poor education.I think it’s population growth.4.W:Can you guess what’s the next for the competition? M:Sorry.I have no idea.5.W:How about watching TV with me,Tony? M:Oh,no.Television closes down for the night after eleven o’clock.答案:1~5.ABCBC(Ⅱ)Dear Dick, How time flies!I have been back to school for two weeks.These days,I have known a lot about the population of China.China has a population of about 1.37 billion.It has reached about one fifth of the world’s population.About 50 percent of the people live in the countryside.It causes many difficulties.In less developed areas,some parents prefer boys to girls.Not all the families can offer their children a good education.Some children can’t go to school.China has tried to control the population.The large population problem is still serious in China though we have had a more comfortable life.How about the population of your country?Can you tell me about it? Yours, Maria 答案:6~10.CACCA Ⅱ.1.【解析】選B。本題考查冠詞的用法。a用在以輔音(指輔音音素)開頭的詞前,an用在以元音(指元音音素)開頭的詞前。故interesting前用an,最高級前要加the。故選B。

2.【解析】選A。本題考查數詞的用法。thousand“千”,thousands of意為“成千上萬的”;當thousand前有數詞修飾時,thousand只能用單數形式,也不可以和of連用。故選A。3.【解析】選B。本題考查動詞詞義辨析。protect“保護”,fight“與??斗爭”,save“節省”,try“嘗試”。句意:許多國家正在制定法律抗擊污染。故選B。

4.【解析】選C。本題考查固定句式。句意:十年后,我的家鄉將會有很多變化。there be結構的將來時,可用there will+be+...來表示,故選C。

5.【解析】選A。本題考查形容詞的比較級。根據句意“為了綠色生活,我們應該節省更多的能源和產生更少的污染?!笨芍xA。6.【解析】選B。本題考查形容詞辨析。句意:莫言是中國最偉大的作家之一。四個詞都有“大的”意思,但是great指“偉大的”,帶有一定的感情色彩,故選B。

7.【解析】選C。本題考查形容詞辨析。many修飾可數名詞,much修飾不可數名詞。people“人;人們”表示復數意義,用many來修飾;noise是不可數名詞,用much修飾。故選C。8.【解析】選D。本題考查固定短語。pick up“撿起”;close to“在??附近”;pay for“支付”;close down“關閉”。句意:生意太壞了,他們將不得不歇業。故選D。

9.【解析】選C。本題考查情景交際。句意:——你能在一小時內完成這項工作嗎?——沒問題。Good idea“好主意”;That’s all right“沒關系”;No problem“沒問題”;I don’t believe it“我不相信”。故選C。

10.【解析】選C。本題考查固定句型。對人口數量提問的句型為:What’s the population of...?時間狀語是by the year 2060,所以該句使用一般將來時。故選C。

Ⅲ.1.【解析】選B。本題考查詞義辨析。句意:那幾乎是世界人口的五分之一。most“大部分”;almost“幾乎”;highly“非常,很”;hardly“幾乎不”。B項符合題意。

2.【解析】選C。本題考查語境理解。由下文“我不同意他們的觀點,因為‘有志者事竟成’”可知這句話的意思為“一些人認為控制人口增長是不可能的”。possible“可能的”;necessary“必要的”;impossible“不可能的”;unnecessary“不必要的”。C項符合題意。

3.【解析】選C。本題考查固定搭配。agree with sb.“同意某人的觀點”,固定短語。故選C。4.【解析】選B。本題考查詞義辨析。“使某事被做”make sth.done,其他三個動詞無此用法。故選B。

5.【解析】選B。本題考查連詞。句意:除非我們控制人口增長??。if not“如果不”,可以單獨使用,后面不接從句;unless“除非”;until“直到”;if“如果”。故選B。6.【解析】選A。本題考查固定搭配。die of“死于”,故選A。

7.【解析】選B。本題考查詞義辨析。句意:雖然頒布了許多控制人口的法律,但是在有些地方,幾乎沒做什么來貫徹法律。many/a lot/much“許多”,little“幾乎沒有”。故選B。8.【解析】選C。本題考查固定搭配。make sb.do sth.“讓某人做某事”。故選C。

9.【解析】選B。本題考查固定搭配。fight against“與??作斗爭”,固定搭配。故選B。10.【解析】選A。本題考查固定搭配。not...until“直到??才”,固定句型。故選A。Ⅳ.答案:1.In much of Africa,South America and some parts of Asia.2.twenty-five percent 3.在發展中國家,超過10億的人仍然生活在貧困線以下。4.had a population of 5.Yes,there will.Ⅴ.答案:1.solve 2.rubbish 3.pupils 4.billion 5.quiet 6.largest 7.fifths 8.won’t grow 9.is making 10.to build Ⅵ.答案:1.speak to;hang on 2.is close to 3.What was;of 4.moved to;with 5.Noise pollution Ⅶ.答案:1.population 2.thousand 3.slowly 4.grew 5.ever before 6.standing room 7.to live in 8.healthier 9.enough 10.earth Ⅷ.【參考范文】

Problems Caused by the Increasing Population Nowadays,the population of the world is becoming larger and larger.With the increase of the population of the world,there are more and more problems.First,there is less and less food for everyone to eat.So some people in poor areas will even die of hunger.Second,the cities become bigger and bigger,and more and more people have their own cars.This causes much more air pollution and noise pollution.Third,there is less and less energy for people to use.So we should try our best to control the increase of the population.Then we will have a happier life.

第二篇:冠詞及數詞教學反思

冠詞及數詞教學反思

這節課的題目是《2014年中考英語語法復習—冠詞數詞》,課題是“專題語法復習課型”。以下本人將從教學設計,課堂組織,重難點突破,教學效果,存在問題和教學改進措施等方面進行反思。一. 教學設計

1.冠詞的分類及用法。

2.數次的分類及用法(包括分數的表達法)。

這節課的重點是基數詞變序數詞的表達法,并根據重難點設計了課堂演練-歷年中考英語對冠詞及數詞的考核題目,同時也設計了課后作業。二. 課堂組織 1.Lead-in 2.Presention 3.Practice 4.Homework 5.Self-relfection 6.Blackboard-design 三. 重難點突破

本節課的重難點是冠詞及基數詞變序數詞的表達法,在課堂組織方面把課堂主動權交給學生,讓學生自己會議舊知并梳理歸納。四. 教學效果

通過課前安排,學生基本認真探究合作討論,完成課前預習,對冠詞和數詞的基本用法有了一定的了解。但由于時間緊張,對一些細節問題掌握不到位。五. 成功之處

這節課課題課型明顯,課堂目標,重難點明確,提出了中考英語復習的一般性方法,系統歸納考點,做題訓練。課堂組織以學生為主體,以老師為主導。六.不足之處

時間倉促,做題訓練力度不強,學困生學習效果令人擔憂。七.改進措施

1.內容的設計方面可以全面,但是課堂的討論和展示要凸顯重點,學生會的不必再啰嗦。

2.語法的教授,可以通過一個知識點對應一些習題進行;或通過相關的幾道題目,然后讓學生整理歸納。以上就是本人從教學設計,課堂組織,教學效果改進措施等方面所進行的反思。

“有效教學”活動教案

及說課材料

馬林芳 2014.4.02

第三篇:中考冠詞、數詞用法復習小結

培優中考冠詞用法復習小結

歌曰:定冠詞用法有規律,防止遺志很容易。

冠詞是英語中最常見的一種限定詞,它在句子中不能充當任何句子成分,所以也不能單獨使用,特指雙方都熟悉,上文已經被提及。只能用在名詞前面,說明所指的人或物。冠詞共有兩種:不定冠詞和定冠詞。不定冠詞有a和an,世上無二僅獨一,序數詞和最高級。定冠詞有the。在實際使用中,還有一種叫零冠詞的,即在名詞的前面不用任何冠詞。

山河海島建筑物,姓氏復數奏樂器。

[焦點一]不定冠詞

少數形表人一類,方位名詞須牢記。1.用法

普構專有慣用詞,試用此訣有效率。l)表示數量有“一”的意思,但數的概念沒有one強。l)特指某人或某物。如________ woman over there is ____________ popular teacher in our school.A.A;an

B.The;a C.The;the

D.A;the(2000年青海?。㏕here are sixty minutes in _____________ hour.A.an B.a

C.the

D.× 2)指雙方都知道的人或事物。如:Where are the new books,Jim? 2)表示某個人或事物,但不具體說明何人或何物,表示泛指。3)指上文提到過的人或物。如:There is an old woman standing there.The old woman looked worried.3):表示人或事物的某一類。4)用在世上獨一無二的事物名詞前。如:the sun, the sky, the earth, the world, etc.如:Pass me an apple, please. 5)用在序數詞和形容詞最高級前。如:The third one is carrying the fewest of all.4)表示“每一”的意思,相當于every\per。6)用在山脈、江河、海洋、島等名詞前。如:the Himalaya Mountains, the Yellow River, the Red Sea,the Taiwan Island, etc.如:Mr.Green goes to the cinema once a week.

5)表示某一個,相當于a certain 7)用在某些建筑物名詞前。如:the White House, the Great Hall of the People A Mr, Smith is asking to see you.8)用在姓氏復數形式之前,表示“某某一家”或“某某夫婦”。如:the Greens, the Blacks, etc.2 不定冠詞a用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前面,an用在以元音音素開頭的單詞前面。另外,在表9)用在樂器名詞前。如:the piano, the violin, etc.示一個以輔音音素開頭的字母(如:b,c,d,g,j,k等)時,字母前面用a;在表示一個以元音10)用在少數名詞化的形容詞前表示一類人或事物。如:the old, the poor, the blind, etc.音素開頭的字母(如:a,e,l,m,n等)時,字母前面用an。例如: 11)用在表示方向位置的名詞前。如:in the east, on the right, in the centre, etc.1)(2002年濟南市)This is ________ empty bottle.Could you give me ______ full one? 12)用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前。如:the People’s Republic of China, etc.A.a;a

B.an;a

C.the;the

D.×;a 13)用在某些習慣用語中。如:in the morning, by the way, look the same, etc.2)(2003年廣西壯族自治區)There is __________ apple and some pears on the table.in the evening 在晚上in the field

在田野里in the country

在鄉間in the sun

在陽光下

A.the

B.×

C.a

D.an on the right

在右邊by the way

順便說一下in the front of 在前部in the daytime

白天

3)(2004年廣東?。?---Did you do well in ____________ English exam? go to the concert

去聽音樂會 in the beginning

開始

at the moment

當時,此刻

----Yes, I got ____________“A”.all the year round

一年到頭go to the cinema

去看電影go to the theatre 去看戲

A.the;an

B.an;the

C.a;×

D.the;a at the weekend

周末 in the afternoon

在下午in the sky

在空中in the dark 在暗處

3.用于某些固定詞組中。例如:half an apple 半個蘋果 in the rain 在雨中on the left

在左邊all the time

始終in the middle of 在中間

Two hours and a half

half an hour

半個小時as a result

因此

for a while

一會兒

once on the way home 回家途中all the same 依然at the same time 同時in the end 終于 in a while

偶爾

for a moment 一會兒

have a word with sb.同某人談話

have a nice trip

on the one hand, on the other hand

一方面,另一方面 旅途愉快

have(/take)a walk

散步

make a face

做鬼臉

in a hurry

匆忙地

do sb.a [焦點三]不用冠詞的幾種情況:零冠詞的基本用法 favor

幫某人忙

take an active part in 積極參加

live a happy life

過幸福生活

歌曰:下列情況不用冠,名詞之前代詞限; give a lesson

教一堂課

once upon a time

從前

專有名詞不可數,球類學科與三餐;

(2004年福州市)----Where is Xiao Ming?--He’s having __________ rest over there.復數名詞表泛指,節日月份星期前;

A.a B.an

C.the

D.×

顏色語種和國名,稱呼習語及頭銜。a useful book

一件有用的書

a university

一所大學 1)當名詞前已經有this, that, my, whose, some, any, no, each, every等物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、a European country

一個歐洲國家

a one-eyed man

一個一目失明的人 名詞所有格等修飾限定時,不加冠詞 an hour

一小時

an honor 一種榮譽 如:The letter is in her bag.an honest boy

一個誠實的男孩

an umbrella

一把傘 an uncle

一位叔叔 2)專有名詞、物質名詞和抽象名詞等不可數名詞前。如:China,water,music, etc.

[焦點二]定冠詞主要和名詞連用,表示某個或某些特定的人或物。其用法如下:

3)球類活動、學科名詞、一日三餐前。4)復數名詞表示泛指。如:They are workers 5)節日、星期、月份、季節名稱前。如:June 1 is Children’s Day. 6)表示顏色、語言、稱呼語和官職、頭銜的名詞前。Make her monitor 7)某些固定詞組或習慣用語中。

如:at night noon , go to school, by bus, at home

在家

on time 準時in time 按時at work 在工作on show

在展出in trouble 處于困境 at first 起初at last

終于in fact

事實上on holiday

在度假on duty

值日 at times

有時候after class

課后at night

在夜間with pleasure

樂意地 8 某些交通工具名稱前不用冠詞 by train 乘火車(=on a train)by ship 乘船(=on a ship)by taxi 乘出租車(= in a taxi)by plane 乘飛機(=on a plane)by bus 乘公交車(=on a bus)by bike 騎自行車(=on a bike)by car 乘小汽車(=in a car)

on foot 步行 定冠不定冠 意思差千萬

有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞,其意義有所不同。如:1)at table在吃飯;

at the table在桌子旁 2)in class在上課;

in the class在班級中 3)go to school去上學;go to the school到那所學校去 4)go to bed上床睡覺;

go to the bed到床那邊去 5)in front of在…的前面;

in the front of在…的前部.6)take place 發生,舉行 take one's place

代替某人(的工作)

7)on earth

究竟,到底(用于加強語氣)on the earth

在地球上

8)four of them

他們當中4人(不只4人)he four of them

他們4人(共計4人)9)next week(month)下周(下個月)(以現在看將來)

the next week(month)

第二周(下個月)(在過去某一時間之后)10)in hospital 因病住院in the hospital 在醫院里(不一定生病)11)a number of 許多(修飾可數名詞復數)

the number of ……的數量(修飾可數名詞,作主語是謂語動詞用單數)13 兩個平行、并列的名詞前不用冠詞

例:arm in arm 臂挽臂side by side

肩并肩one by one 一個接一個

hand in hand

手拉手

face to face

面對面

day by day 一天一天的day and night

日日夜夜

中考考點冠詞練習

舉一反三,學的更輕松!

1.-What are you going to be when you grow up?-I hope to be ________ artist when I grow up.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./ 2.-Are you ________ Chinese or American?-Chinese.But I was brought up in New York.A.an

B./

C.the

D.one 3.-Where is Tom?

-He's having ________ rest over there.A.a

B.an

C.the

D.不填

4.Antonia is ________ American girl.She studies in ________ university in Changsha.A.the;a

B.a;a

C.an;a

D.an; an 5.-Have you got ________ E-mail address?-Oh yes.Mine is hfc2008@sohu.com.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

6.-Have you seen ________ magazine? I left it here a moment ago.-Is it________ new English magazine? I saw it was taken away by Bruce.A.a; a

B.a;an

C.a; the

D.the; the 7.We can't see ________sun at ________ night.A.a,/ B.a,the

C.the,/

D.the,the

8.This is ________song I've told you about.Isn't it ________beautiful song? A.the;the B.a; a

C.the; a

D.a; the 9.-Did you enjoy your stay in Guangzhou?

-Yes.We had ________ wonderful time in the White Clouds Hill.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

10.Jim is good at ________ piano.He does well in ________ football,too.A.playing,playing

B.playing,playing the C.playing the,to play

D.playing the,playing

11.There's ________apple tree in front of ________house.A.an,/ B.the,the

C.an,the

D.a,the

12.It takes us ________ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train.A.an,a B.a,an

C.an,/

D.a,/ 練習與鞏固:熟能生巧,取得好成績!

1.September 10th is ____________ Teachers' Day.2.---Do you like playing _________ football?

---Yes.But I have only _________ basketball.3.Do you know _______girl on ________ other side of ________ lake?

4.There's ________ “u” and ________ “s” in ________work “use”.5.She says ________animals cant's live without __________air, either.6.His father, who is ________honest man, is teaching in ________ university.7.Which is heavier, ________elephant or ________ horse?

8.Don't make any noise in ______class.9.He is always ready to help _________ old and ________ young.10.________ Greens are traveling in _________ South China.11.Although ________ most of us like to drink beer, those who drink ________most are _______ least healthy.12.Xiaomei saw _________ interesting film last night.________ film was about ______ kind doctor.一、數詞的分類 1.基數詞

表示數目的詞稱為基數詞。其形式如下: A.從1——10 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.從 11——19 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen. 這里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個位數形式后添加后綴-teen構成。C.從 21——99 整數幾十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個位數形式后添加后綴-ty構成。表示幾十幾時,在幾十和個位基數詞形式之間添加連字符“-” 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six D.百位數

個數基數詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位數以上

從數字的右端向左端數起,每三位數加一個逗號“,”。從右開始,第一個“,”前的數字后添加 thousand,第二個“,”前面的數字后添加 million,第三個“,”前的數字后添加 billion。然后一節一節分別表示,兩個逗號之間最大的數為百位數形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four F.基數詞在表示確切的數字時,不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復數形式;但是,當基數詞表示不確切數字,如成百、成千上萬,三三兩兩時,基數詞則以復數形式出現。There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大廳里有數以百計的人。

Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and

Horses every day.

每天有成千上萬的人來參觀秦兵馬涌博物館。They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他們三三兩兩地來到了劇院。

G.表示人的不確切歲數或年代,用幾十的復數形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多歲時成為了教授。She died of lung cancer in forties.她四十來歲時死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s.那是在二十世紀六十年代。H.基數詞的句法功能

基數詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語。

The two happily opened the box.兩個人高興地打開了盒子。(作主語)I need three altogether.我總共需要三個。(作賓語)

Four students are playing volleyball outside.四個學生在外面打排球。(作定語)We are sixteen.我們是16個人。(作表語)

They three tried to finish the task before sunset.他們三個人盡力想在日落前完成任務。(作同位語)2.序數詞

表示順序的詞稱為序數詞。序數詞的主要形式: A.從第一至第十九

其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth為特殊形式,其它的序數詞都是由其相對應的基數詞后面添加“th”構成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.從第二十至第九十九

整數第幾十的形式由其對應的基數詞改變結尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth

表示第幾十幾時,用幾十的基數詞形式加上連字符“-”和個位序數詞形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C.第一百以上的多位序數詞

由基數詞的形式變結尾部分為序數詞形式來表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一

one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 D.序數詞的縮寫形式

有時,序數詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 其中lst,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯數字后加上th。E.序數詞的句法功能

序數詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和表語。

The second is what I really need.第二個是我真正需要的。(作主語)He choose the second.他挑選了第二個。(作賓語)

We are to carry out the first plan.我們將執行第一個計劃。(作定語)She is the second in our class.在我們班她是第二名。(作表語)

注:序數詞在使用時,通常前面要加定冠詞 the;但是如果序數詞前出現不定冠詞a或an時,則表示“再——”,“又——”。

We'll go over it a second time.我們得再念第二遍。

We've tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?我們已經試過三遍了,還必須試一次(第四次)嗎?

另外,基數詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后即可,不需要添加定冠詞。the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5(five)

the twenty-first room——Room 21(twenty-one)

二、時刻表示法

1.表示幾點鐘用基數詞加可以省略的o'clock 5:00 讀作 five o'clock 或 five 2.表示幾點過幾分,在分鐘后加past,再加小時 five past seven 七點過五分 half past six 六點半

a quarter past eight 八點過一刻 seven past eight 八點過七分

3.表示幾點差幾分,在分鐘后面加to,再加小時 ten to eight 差十分八點(七點五十分)

a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點(十一點四十五分)twenty to six 差二十分六點(五點四十分)

在日常生活中,常用下列簡單方法表示時間。以小時、分種為單位分別讀出數字。6:31讀作 six thirty-one 10:26讀作 ten twenty-six 14:03 讀作 fourteen o three 16:15 讀作 sixteen fifteen 18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty 23:55 讀作 twenty-three fifty-five

注:時刻表上的時間大多采用24小時表示法,這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午,p.m.表示下午了。

三、年月表示法

1.世紀可以用定冠詞加序數詞加世紀century表示,也可以用定冠詞加百位進數加's表示 the sixth(6th)century 公元六世紀

the eighteenth(18th)century 公元十八世紀 the 1900's 二十世紀 the 1600's 十七世紀

這里,用百位數整數表示的世紀比這一百位阿拉伯數字本身多一個世紀。2.年代用定冠詞及基數詞表示的世紀加十位整數的復數形式構成

in the 1930's(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世紀三十年代

in the 1860's(in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties)在十九世紀六十年代 In the 1870's when Marx was already in his fifties,he found it important to study the situation in Russia,so he began to learn Russian.在十九世紀七十年代當馬克思已經五十多歲時,他發現研究俄國的形勢很重要,便開始學習俄語。

3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠詞后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920's 在二十世紀二十年代早期 in the mid-1950's 在二十世紀五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法

A.年份用基數詞表示,一般寫為阿拉伯數字,讀時可以以hundred為單位,也可以以世紀、年代為單位分別來讀。

1949 讀作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 讀作 eighteen hundred 253 讀作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three 1902 讀作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two 表示在哪一年,一般在年數前加介詞in,使用year時,year放在數詞之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 但是,通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯數字。

B.月份,在哪個月用介詞in加第一個字母大寫的月份詞表示。例如:in May在五月; in July在七月。為了簡便起見,月份與日期連用時,月份常用縮寫形式表示??s寫形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三個字母表示,但September除外。January——Jan.一月 February——Feb.二月 March——Mar.三月 April——Apr.四月 August——Aug.八月 September——Sept.九月 October——Oct.十月 November——Nov.十一月 December——Dec.十二月

注:這里縮寫形式后面加點不能省略,因為它是表示縮寫形式的符號。C.日期用定冠詞the加序數詞表示。在哪一天要添加介詞on。National Day is on Oct.1.國慶節是十月一日。(讀作 October first)此句也可以表示為 National Day is on the 1st of October. May 5 五月五日(讀作May fifth)也可以表示為the fifth(5th)of May Mar.1(st)三月一日(讀作March first或 the first of March)

5.表示不具體、不確切的時間,如世紀、年代、年份、月份時,用介詞in表示,表示具體確切的某一天用介詞on表示通常情況下morning,afternoon,evening等詞前用介詞in。但是,當這些詞前后有一修飾限定的詞作為定語,把它們限定為某一天早晨、下午或晚上時,介詞in應改為on。這里的修飾限定詞可以是介詞短語、名詞、形容詞、定語從句等。

On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.在一個寒冷的早晨,這個老人孤獨地死在自己的房子里。

I don't want to be disturbed on nights when I have to study.我不愿意在我必須學習的晚上被打擾。The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7.這次事故發生在7月7日下午。We are to have a small test on Monday morning.星期一早晨我們將進行一次小測驗。

四、加減乘除表示法

1.“加”用plus,and或add表示;“等于”用is,make,equal等詞表示。2+3=? 可表示為: How much is two plus three? 2+3=5Two plus three is five. Two and three is equal to five. Two and three make five. Two added to three equals five.

If we add two to/and three, we get five.二加三等于五 2.“減”用 minus或 take from表示 10-6=? How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4Ten minus six is four.

Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six(taken)from ten is four.十減去六等于四 3.“乘”用time(動詞)或multiply表示 3X4=? How much is three times four? 3X4=12Three times four is/are twelve. Multiply three by four,we get twelve.

Three multiplied by four makes twelve.三乘以四等于十二 4.“除”用divide的過去分詞形式表示

16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four? 16÷4=4Sixteen divided by four is four.

Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.十六除以四等于四。

五、分數表示法

1.分數是由基數詞和序數詞一起來表示的。基數詞作分子,序數詞作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其它情況下序數詞都要用復數形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 1 1/4 one and a quarter 2.當分數后面接名詞時,如果分數表示的值大于1,名詞用復數;小于1,名詞用單數。1 1/2 hours 一個半小時(讀作 one and a half hours)3/4 meters 二又四分之三米(讀作two and three-fourths meters)4/5 meter 五分之四米 5/6 inch 六分之五英寸

3.表示“n次方”的說法:指數用序數詞,底數用基數詞。

10的7次方 the seventh power of ten(ten to the seventh power)6的10次方 the tenth power of six(six to the tenth power)六、小數表示法

1.小數用基數詞來表示,以小數點為界,小數點左首的數字為一個單位,表示整數,數字合起來讀;小數點右首的數字為一個單位,表示小數,數字分開來讀;小數點讀作 point,o讀作 zero或o[ou],整數部分為零時,可以省略不讀。0.4 zero point four或point four 零點四 10.23 ten point two three 十點二三

25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點六七 l.03 one point o three 一點零三

2.當數字值大于1時,小數后面的名詞用復數,數字值小于1時,小數后面的名詞用單數。1.03 meters 一點零三米 0.49 ton 零點四九噸 l.5 tons 一點五噸

七、百分數表示法

百分數用基數+percent表示 50% fifty percent

百分之五十 3% three percent

百分之三

0.12% zero point one two percent 百分之零點一二

這里的percent前半部per表示“每一”,cent這一后半部分表示“百”,所以百分之幾中percent不用復數形式。

八、數量表示法

1.表示長、寬、高、面積等,用基數詞+單位詞(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容詞(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基數詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞(length,width,height,weight等)表示。

two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高 four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸寬 This box is 2 kilograms in weight.這個盒子有兩千克重。

The city wall of Xi'an is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high.西安城墻是12米寬,12米高。2.表示時間、距離時,使用含數詞的名詞所有格形式作定語。five minutes' walk步行五分鐘(的距離)

It's an hour's ride from my hometown to our university.從我的家鄉到我們大學是乘車一小時的路程?;颍簭奈业募亦l到我們大學需要乘車一小時。

It's three kilometers' distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.從我們校園到鐘樓有三公里遠。3.表示溫度時,用below zero表示零下溫度,溫度用基數詞+degree(s)+單位詞(centigrade攝氏或Fahrenheit華氏)表示。

thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ 攝氏 36度

four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 攝氏零下4度

Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit.水在華氏三十二度時結冰。Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade.水在攝氏一百度時沸騰。這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時,可以省略。

You are 37℃.(讀作 thirty-seven degrees)你是三十七度。(攝氏)It's seven degrees below zero.今天是零下七度。(攝氏)

4.由數詞和其他名詞構成的名詞性短語作定語時,其中的名詞用單數形式,名詞性短語中各部分間要用連字符“-”來連接。

It's a five-minute walk from the library to the playground.從圖書館到操場需要走五分鐘。She's a sixteen-year-old girl.她是個十六歲的女孩。5.表示“比···大(或)幾倍”的說法。

This room is two times bigger than that one.這個房間比那個(房間)大兩倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book.這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。My age is two times older than his.我的年齡比他大兩倍。

第四篇:2014年中考英語語法考點專題總復習教案冠詞和數詞

冠詞和數詞 不定冠詞的用法

冠詞本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種,一種是定冠詞,另一種是不定冠詞,還有一種是零冠詞。

不定冠詞a(an)與數詞one 同源,是“一個”的意思。a用于輔音音素前,一般讀作[e],而an則用于元音音素前,一般讀做[en]。

1)表示“一個”,意為one;指某人或某物,意為a certain。例如:

A Mr.Ling is waiting for you.有位姓凌的先生在等你。

2)代表一類人或物。例如:

A knife is a tool for cutting with.刀是切割的工具。

Mr.Smith is an engineer.史密斯先生是工程師。

3)組成詞組或成語,如a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try /keep an eye on / all of a sudden等。定冠詞的用法

定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源,有“那(這)個”的意思,但意義較弱,可以和一個名詞連用,來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。

1)特指雙方都明白的人或物。例如:

Take the medicine.把藥吃了。

2)上文提到過的人或事。例如:

He bought a house.I've been to the house.他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。

3)指世上獨一物二的事物,如the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth等。

4)與單數名詞連用表示一類事物,如the dollar 美元;the fox 狐貍;或與形容詞或分詞連用,表示一類人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。

5)用在序數詞和形容詞最高級,及形容詞only,very,same等前面。例如:

Where do you live? I live on the second floor.你住在哪?我住在二層。

That's the very thing I've been looking for.那正是我要找的東西。

6)與復數名詞連用,指整個群體。例如:

They are the teachers of this school.(指全體教師)

They are teachers of this school.(指部分教師)

7)表示所有,相當于物主代詞,用在表示身體部位的名詞前。例如:

She caught me by the arm..她抓住了我的手臂。

8)用在某些由普通名詞構成的國家名稱、機關團體、階級、等專有名詞前。例如:

the People's Republic of China

中華人民共和國

the United States

美國

9)用在表示樂器的名詞之前。例如:

She plays the piano.她會彈鋼琴。

10)用在姓氏的復數名詞之前,表示一家人。例如:

the Greens

格林一家人(或格林夫婦)

11)用在慣用語中。例如:

in the day, in the morning(afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow

the day before yesterday, the next morning,in the sky(water,field,country)

in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,in the middle(of), in the end, on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre 3 零冠詞的用法

1)國名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:England,Mary。

2)泛指的復數名詞,表示一類人或事物時,可不用定冠詞。例如:

They are teachers.他們是教師。

3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞。例如:

Failure is the mother of success.失敗乃成功之母。

4)物質名詞表示一般概念時,通常不加冠詞,當表示特定的意思時,需要加定冠詞。例如:

Man cannot live without water.離開水人就無法生存。

5)在季節、月份、節日、假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前,不加冠詞。例如:

We go to school from Monday to Friday.我們從星期一到星期五都上課。

6)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞。例如:

The guards took the American to General Lee.士兵們把這個美國人送到李將軍那里。

7)在三餐、球類運動和娛樂運動的名稱前,不加冠詞,如have breakfast,play chess。

8)當兩個或兩個以上名詞并用時,常省去冠詞。例如:

I can't write without pen or pencil.沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字。

9)當by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時,中間無冠詞,如by bus,by train。

10)有些個體名詞不用冠詞,如school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等個體名詞,直接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義。例如:

go to hospital

去醫院看病

go to the hospital

去醫院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)

11)不用冠詞的序數詞;

a.序數詞前有物主代詞時。

b.序數詞作副詞。例如:He came first in the race.他跑步得了第一。

c.在固定詞組中,如at(the)first, first of all, from first to last等。冠詞與形容詞+名詞結構

1)兩個形容詞都有冠詞,表示兩個不同的人或物。例如:

He raises a black and a white cat.他養了一只黑貓和一只白貓。

The black and the white cats are hers.這只黑貓和白貓都是他的。

2)如后一個形容詞無冠詞,則指一人或一物。例如:

He raises a black and white cat.他養了一只花貓。冠詞位置

1)不定冠詞位置

不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意:

a.位于such,what,many,half等形容詞之后。例如:

I have never seen such an animal.我從來沒見過這樣的動物。

Many a man is fit for the job.許多人適合這崗位。

b.當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時,不定冠詞應放在形容詞之后。例如:

It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.我從未這么高興過。

So short a time 如此短的時間

Too long a distance 距離太遠了

c.quite,rather與單數名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。但當rather,quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可,如:rather a cold day/a rather cold day。

d.在as,though 引導的讓步狀語從句中,當表語為形容詞修飾的名詞時,不定冠詞放形容詞后。例如:

Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes.他盡管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發抖。2)定冠詞位置

定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之后,名詞之前。例如:

All the students in the class went out.班里的所有學生都出去了。

數詞

表示數目多少或順序多少的詞叫數詞,數詞分為基數詞和序數

詞。表示數目多少的數詞叫基數詞;表示順序的數詞叫序數詞。

一、基數詞

1)基數詞一般可寫成如345或three hundred and forty-five。

2)基數詞一般是單數形式,但遇下列情況,常用復數:

a.與of 短語連用,表示概數,不能與具體數目連用,如scores of people 指許多人;

b.在一些表示“一排”或“一組”的詞組里。例如:

They arrived in twos and threes.他們三三兩兩的到了。

c.表示“幾十歲”。

d.表示“年代”,用 in +the +數詞復數。

e.在乘法運算的一種表示法里,如Three fives is(are)fifteen。

二、序數詞

序數詞的縮寫形式如first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st等。

三、數詞的用法

1)倍數表示法

a.主語+謂語+倍數(或分數)+ as + adj.+ as。例如

I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多。

b.主語+謂語+倍數(分數)+ the size(amount,length…)of…。例如:

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。

c.主語+謂語+倍數(分數)+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than…。例如:

The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last

year.今年比去年糧食產量增加8%。

d.還可以用by+倍數,表示增加多少倍。例如:

The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年糧食產量增加了4倍。

2)分數表示法的構成:基數詞代表分子,序數詞代表分母。分子大于1時,分子的序數詞用單數,分母序數詞用復數。例如:

1/3

one-third; 3/37

three and three-sevenths.

第五篇:數詞小結

數詞

數詞:基數詞,序數詞,分數

一、數詞的分類 數詞主要分為基數詞和序數詞兩類。1.基數詞 表示數目的詞稱為基數詞。其形式如下:

A.從1——10: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten. B.從11-19: eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen.

這里除 eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為特殊形式外,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其個位數形式后添加后綴-teen構成。

C.從 21——99:整數幾十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty為特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其個位數形式后添加后綴-ty構成。表示幾十幾時,在幾十和個位基數詞形式之間添加連字符“-” ①21 twenty-one ② 76 seventy-six D.百位數:1-9基數詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and. 101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight E.千位數以上:從數字的右端向左端數起,每三位數加一個逗號“,”。從右開始,第一個“,”前的數字后添加 thousand,第二個“,”前面的數字后添加 million,第三個“,”前的數字后添加 billion。然后一節一節分別表示,兩個逗號之間最大的數為百位數形式。①2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight。

②16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four.③5,237,166,234 five billion,two hundred and thirty-seven million,one hundred and sixty-six thousand,two hundred and thirty-four ★★F.基數詞在表示確切的數字時,要用百、千、百萬、十億的單數形式;但是,當基數詞表示不確切數字,如成百、成千上萬,三三兩兩時,則以復數形式出現。four hundred boys There are hundreds of people in the hall. They went to the theatre in twos and threes.

注:several+ hundred/thousand/million /billion+復數名詞 eg:There are several hundred students.G.表示人的不確切歲數或年代,用幾十的復數形式表示。1)表年齡: in one’s + 整十的復數,表示在某人幾十歲時

①He became a professor in his thirties.他三十多歲時成為了教授 ②在他四十歲時: ___ 2)表示年代: in the + 年份的復數,在幾世紀幾十年代.It was in the 1960s.那是在二十世紀六十年代。

H.基數詞的句法功能

基數詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語。

The two happily opened the box.(作主語)I need three altogether.(作賓語)Four students are playing volleyball outside.(作定語)We are sixteen.(作表語)They three tried to finish the task before sunset.(作同位語)2.序數詞:表示順序的詞稱為序數詞。序數詞的主要形式:

A.從第一至第十九:其中,one— first,two— second,three— third,five— fifth,eight—eighth,nine—ninth,twelve— twelfth為特殊形式,其它的序數詞都是由其相對應的基數詞后面添加“th”構成。例如: six— sixth、nineteen— nineteenth. B.從第二十至第九十九:

整數第幾十的形式由其對應的基數詞改變結尾字母y為i,再加“eth”構成。twenty——twentieth thirty——thirtieth 第四十 第五十

表示第幾十幾時,用幾十的基數詞形式加上連字符“-”和個位序數詞形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 C.第一百以上的多位序數詞:由基數詞的形式變結尾部分為序數詞形式來表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一;one thousand,three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十

D.序數詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。first——lst second——2nd third——3rd fourth——4th sixth——6th twentieth——20th twenty-third——23rd 注:lst,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯數字后加上th。E.序數詞的句法功能:序數詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和表語。

The second is what I really need.(作主語)He choose the second.(作賓語)We are to carry out the first plan.(作定語)She is the second in our class.(作表語)★序數詞前常要加定冠詞 the;但若序數詞前出現不定冠詞a或an時,則表示“再一”“又一”。

We’ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time? 我們已經試過三遍了還必須試一次(第四次)嗎?

▲表編號 結構:名詞(首字母要大寫)+ 基數詞 = the +序數詞 +名詞

Lesson One = the first lesson the fifth page=Page 5(five)the twenty-first room=Room 21(twenty-one)★

二、時刻表示法

1.表示幾點鐘用基數詞可以加o`clock,也可省略:5:00 讀作 five o`clock 或 five 2.表示幾點過幾分,在分鐘后加past,再加小時

eg: five past seven 七點過五分 half past six 六點半 a quarter past eight 八點過一刻 3.表示幾點差幾分,在分鐘后面加to,再加小時

ten to eight 差十分八點(七點五十分)a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點(十一點四十五分)

差二十分六點

4.在日常生活中,以小時、分種為單位分別讀出數字:

讀作 ten twenty-six 14:03 讀作 fourteen o three 18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty 23:55 讀作

注:時刻表上的時間大多采用24小時表示法,這樣就不需要用a.m.表上午,p.m.表下午了。

三、年月表示法

1.世紀=定冠詞+序數詞+century表示,也可以用定冠詞+百位進數+`s表示

the sixth/6th century=the 500’s 公元六世紀 the 1900`s 二十世紀 the 1600`s 十七世紀 2.年代用定冠詞+基數詞+十位整數的所有格或復數形式構成

in the 1930`s/in the 1930s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties)在二十世紀三十年代;在十九世紀六十年代

3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期,可以在定冠詞后,年代前添加 early,mid-,late in the early 1920`s 在二十世紀二十年代早期 in the mid-1950`s 在二十世紀五十年代中期 4.年月日表示法

A.年份用基數詞表示,一般為阿拉伯數字:

1949 讀作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine 1800 讀作 eighteen hundred 1902 讀作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two ★表示在哪一年,一般在年數前加介詞in,eg: in 2012 在2012年

使用year時,year放在數詞之前in the year two hundred fifty-three B.C.在公元前253年 B.月份,在哪個月,用介詞in加第一個字母大寫的月份詞:例如:in May在五月; 月份常用縮寫形式表示:縮寫形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三個字母表示,但September除外。January—Jan. February—Feb. March—Mar.April—Apr.

August—Aug. September—Sept. October—Oct. November—Nov. December—Dec. 注:這里縮寫形式后面加點不能省略

C.日期 在具體哪一天要添加介詞on。更多資料QQ378459309制作:

National Day is on Oct.1.(October first也可以表示為 National Day is on the 1st of October.)

May 5(th)五月五日(讀作May fifth)也可以表示為the fifth(5th)of May

Mar.1(st)(讀作March first或 the first of March)

★★注:通常情況下morning,afternoon,evening等詞前用介詞in。但是,當這些詞前后有一修飾限定的詞作為定語,把它們限定為某一天早晨、下午或晚上時,介詞應改為on。這里的修飾限定詞可以是介詞短語、名詞、形容詞、定語從句等。On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.

The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7./ We are to have a small test on Monday morning. ★

四、分數表示法.1).結構: a).分子用基數詞,分母用序數詞.b).當分子大于1時,分母加復數.3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 1/2 a half = one second 1 1/2 one and a half 2).注意: a).當分數后面接可數名詞時,如果分數表示的值大于1,名詞用復數;<1,名詞用單數。1 1/2 hours 一個半小時(讀作 one and a half hours)4/5 meter 五分之四米 2 3/4 mete rs 二又四分之三米(讀作two and three-fourths meters)★b).分數詞作主語時, 謂語動詞根據分數詞后面的名詞來確定.Two fifths of the milk ______(be)drunk by Tom.One third of the students _______(be)girls.五、小數表示法

1.小數用基數詞來表示,小數點讀作 point,o讀作 zero或o[ou],整數部分為零時,可以省略不讀。

0.4 zero point four或point four 零點四 10.23 ten point two three 十點二三 25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點六七 l.03 one point o three 一點零三

2.當數字值大于1時,小數后面的名詞用復數,數字值小于1時,小數后面的名詞用單數。1.03 meters 一點零三米 0.49 ton 零點四九噸 l.5 tons 一點五噸

六、百分數表示法 : 百分數=基數+percent表示 這里的percent不用復數形式。50% fifty percent 3% three percent 0.12% zero point one two percent

七、數量表示法

1.表示長、寬、高、面積等: 用基數詞+單位詞(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容詞(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基數詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞(length,width,height,weight等)表示。two meters long或 two meters in length 2米長 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高

2.表示溫度時,用below zero表示零下溫度,溫度=基數詞+degree(s)+單位詞(centigrade攝氏)表示。thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ four degrees below zero centigrade或-4℃ 攝氏零下4度

這里的單位詞在人們都很清楚是什么度量制度時,可以省略。It’s seven degrees below zero. 今天是零下七度。(攝氏)

★3.表示時間、距離時,使用含數詞的名詞所有格形式作定語。

five minutes` walk 步行五分鐘(的距離)one kilometer’s distance 一公里遠?!?.數詞加名詞單數構成的短語,短語中間要用連字符“-”來連接,作定語修飾名詞 It’s a five-minute walk from the library to the playground. She’s a sixteen-year-old girl.

八、特殊用法

★1.數詞作主語,謂語動詞用單數。如: Two months is quite a long time. Four and two is six.What’s two and three?

2.一個半小時(一年半,一個半月可類推)one/an hour and a half =one and a half hours

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