第一篇：新視野大學英語第二版第四冊第二單元教案范文

Unit 2 Section A Charlie Chaplin

1.Pre-reading

1.1 Background information

Charles Spencer Chaplin Charles Spencer Chaplin was born on 16th April 1889 in Walworth, London, and lived a Dickensian childhood, shared with his brother, Sydney, that included extreme poverty, workhouses and seeing his mother’s mental decline put her into an institution.Both his parents, though separated when he was very young, were music hall artists, his father quite famously so.But it was his mother that Charlie idolised and was inspired by during his visit of the backstage while she performed, to take up such a career for himself.Charles Dickens Charles Dickens, 1812―1870, an English novelist, considered by many to be the greatest one of all.His many famous books describe life in Victorian England and show how hard it was, especially for the poor and for the children.They include The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Great Expectations and A Tale of Two Cities.Hollywood

Hollywood is an area of Los Angeles which is known as the center of the American film industry.In terms of geography, Hollywood refers to an area consisting of the City of West Hollywood and its vicinity that form part of the Greater Los Angeles metropolitan area.It is generally thought that everyone living in Hollywood is extremely rich, famous, and concerned with appearances but in fact many parts of Hollywood today are poor, dirty and badly cared for.Mack Sennett Mack Sennett:(1880―1960)U.S.film producer, born in Richmond, Quebec.He worked in the theatre as a comic in burlesque companies, and from 1908 in silent films.He later formed his own company and hundreds of shorts, establishing a whole generation of players and a tradition of knockabout slapstick under the name of Keystone Komics(1912), and later the Sennett Bathing Beauties(1920).He received a Special Academy Award in 1937.1.2 Topic-related video

1.3 Topic-related discussion 2.While-reading

2.1 Global reading

2.1.1 Understand the major details of the text

1)What do you learn about Charlie Chaplin from the first paragraph of the passage?

He lived a poor and miserable life during his childhood.2)What do you know about the film Modern Times from the fourth paragraph of the passage?

It was the first movie in which Charlie Chaplin used his voice for the characters.3)What happened to Charlie Chaplin after his death?

His body was stolen by thieves and held for money.2.1.2 Understand organization of the text

1)Main idea of the text

The world’s most famous comic, Charlie Chaplin, had a miserable childhood.However, after he moved to America, he gradually became famous.His excellent performance has brought laughter to people all over the world.2)Text structure analysis

Part One(Para.1-2): Introduction of Charlie Chaplin

Charlie Chaplin was born into a poor family but created comic characters of lasting fame.He won more reputation in many other countries than in the land of his birth.Part Two(Para.3-6): Charlie Chaplin’s professional success

This part is about Charlie Chaplin’s success with his Tramp, sound movies and his secrets of great comedy.Part Three(Para.7-8): Charlie Chaplin’s emotional life

This part is about Charlie Chaplin’s emotional collision and his stable happiness in his later years.Part Four(Para.9): Charlie Chaplin’s death A strange incident after his death is taken as a fitting memorial to the world’s most famous comic.2.2 Detail reading

2.2.1 Words and phrases

1)for good(L.8)

forever;permanently

這一次她將是永遠地離開她的國家了。

This time she’s leaving her country for good.The little boy had been abused by his stepfather until one day he ________.(永遠離家出走了)

(ran away from home for good)

2)crude(L.12)

a.rude and offensive

由于他粗俗的行為，他不大受到同班同學們的歡迎。

He was not very popular with his classmates because of his crude manner.At times his language _________ and made him look foolish.(變得粗魯)

(turned crude)

3)behave(L.21)

v.act in a particular way

人們常常強烈反對那些行為舉止不大尋常的人。

People often strongly disapprove of others who behave in unusual ways.We should not allow violent behavior on school grounds;people should ____________.(以禮相待)

(behave politely to each other)

4)make up(L.27)

invent

我正試圖為遲到這么長時間編個好借口。

I was trying to make up a good excuse for being so late.Sometimes I'll read her a story from a book and sometimes ___________.(我自己編故事)

(I'll make one up)

5)come down in the world(L.29)

be reduced to a humbler standard of living or social level

你是否看過一片關于一個窮困潦倒的百萬富翁電影？

Have you seen the movie about a millionaire who has come down in the world?

When they ______________, they moved to a flat in London.(開始落魄)

(started to come down in the world)

6)rouse(L.39)

v.cause a particular feeling or attitude to exist

湯姆決定不去激怒她。

Tom was determined not to rouse her to anger.The speaker attempted to ____________ with a cry for action.(激勵人群)(rouse the crowd)

7)execute(L.46)

v.do or practice, esp.in a planned way

這個計劃是不錯的但是卻實施得很差。

The plan was good but was poorly executed.Now that we have approval we may _________ as previously agreed.(實施這項計劃)

(execute the plan)

8)find one’s way into(L.49)

arrive or get somewhere after some time

電腦已經(jīng)進入許多普通家庭。

Computers have found their way into many ordinary families.Some of the rivers in the country ______________________.(流入太平洋)

(find their way into the Pacific Ocean)

9)relief(L.53)

n.the feeling that results from the easing or removing of pain, distress or anxiety

當?shù)弥嚊]有受損，真令人感到欣慰。

It is a relief to learn that the car was not damaged._____________, all the children arrived home, safe and sound.(讓我們感到欣慰的是)

(Much to our relief)

10)spark(L.61)

v.be the cause of;lead to

組織者希望能激起年輕人的興趣。

The organizers are hoping to spark some interest in young people.Winds brought down power lines, ___________.（引起了火災）

(sparking a fire)

2.2.2 Sentence patterns

1）Typical patterns for emphasis:

原句: Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin’s childhood.But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of “the Tramp”, the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.(L.2-4)

狄更斯或許會創(chuàng)作出查理?卓別林的童年故事，但只有查理?卓別林才能塑造出了不起的喜劇角色“流浪者”，這個使其創(chuàng)作者聲名永駐的衣衫襤褸的小人物。

句型提煉：

1.Sb.else might do/have done sth.But only sb.can do/could have done sth.else.別人或許會做某事，但只有某人才會做別的事。

應用：

其他作家或許會創(chuàng)作出關于倫敦的故事，但只有他才能塑造出“大衛(wèi)”這樣一個使其創(chuàng)作者聲名永駐的人物。

Other writers might have written stories about London.But only he could have created the character David, who gave his creator permanent fame.2）Typical patterns for addition of sth.:

原句：His huge fame gave him the freedom ― and, more importantly, the money ― to be his own master.(L.35)

他的巨大名聲為他帶來了自由，更重要的是帶來了財富，他因此得以成為自己的主人。

句型提煉：

Sth/Sb.… More importantly, sth./Sb.else…

某事??，更重要的是??

應用：

工作不僅是維持生計的方式，更重要的是人們可以通過工作展現(xiàn)自己的才能，實現(xiàn)自己的抱負，建立人際關系和奠定社會地位的途徑。

Work is not only a means of sustaining life.More importantly, it is the way through which people display their talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status.2.2.3 Difficult sentences

1)Certainly middle-class audiences did;the working-class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted against authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear.（L.11-14）

中產(chǎn)階級當然這樣認為；勞動階級倒更有可能為這樣一個反抗權勢的角色拍手喝彩：他以頑皮的小拐杖使絆子，或把皮靴后跟對準權勢者寬大的臀部一踢。

Meaning: There is no doubt that middle-class audiences thought so(Charlie Chaplin’s Tramp a little crude);this character was more popular among working-class audiences because he showed his discontent with people of authority by using his little cane to make them fall or by directing a kick at their rears.2）As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well-prepared for the battle that Chaplin’s life became as unfounded rumors of Marxist sympathies surrounded them both―and, later on, she was the center of rest in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in their own large family of talented children.（L.58-61）

由于沃娜本人出生在一個被各種麻煩困擾的大家庭，她對卓別林生活中將面臨的挑戰(zhàn)也做好了充分準備，因為當時有毫無根據(jù)的流言說他倆是馬克思主義的同情者。后來在他們自己的有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓別林有時會引發(fā)爭吵，而她則成了安寧的中心。

Meaning: Oona had met with many problems in her own family before marrying, so she was able to deal with the problems in Chaplin’s life.For example, at that time, there were unfounded rumors that they sympathized with Marxism;when Chaplin caused quarrels in their large family with many talented children, it was Oona who solved such problems and brought peace back into the family.3.Post-reading

3.1 Useful expressions

1.使某人聲名永駐

2.給予某人掌聲和利益

concerned(L.6)

3.永久地離開了某地

4.不幸的是

5.為??拍手喝彩

6.反抗

7.絆倒某人

8.把??對準??

9.仍然;仍舊

10.盡量推遲??

11.落魄，潦倒

12.聞名世界

13.有意做某事

14.有一種??的沖動

15.激起某人的想像

to give sb.permanent fame(L.4)to provide applause and profit where sb.is

to quit a place for good(L.7)

sad to say(L.11)

to clap for sth./sb.(L.13)

to revolt against sb.(L.13)

to trip sb.up(L.14)

to aim? at?(L.14)

all the same(L.14)

to postpone?as long as possible(L.26)

to come down in the world(L.29)

to achieve world fame(L.31)

to do sth.on purpose(L.32)to have the urge to do sth.(L.36)

to rouse one’s imagination(L.39)

16.強烈需要?.to have a deep need to do sth.(L.47)

17.進入，來到（某處）??

to find one’s way into?(L.49)

18.失去了對??的信心

to lose one’s faith in sb./sth.(L.50)

19.與某人白頭偕老

to walk into the sunset with sb.(L.51)

20.跨越年齡的差異

to span the age difference between?(L.55)

3.2 Summary of the text

Charlie Chaplin was born in London.However, he was much more popular in other countries than the land of his birth.Many English people considered Chaplin’s Tramp a little crude.However, in Modern Times in 1936, he made up a nonsense language with no known nationality and this helped to bring about his huge success.Chaplin was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along.The physical transformation of lifeless objects, plus his skill in acting became the secrets of Chaplin’s great comedy.Chaplin had a deep need to be loved and fortunately life eventually gave him stable happiness when he married Oona in 1942.3.3 Writing

3.4 Assignments

1)Finish all the exercises of Section A.2)Preview Section B, including reading skills.3)Writing:

Section B The Political Career of a Female Politician

1.Reading skill

1.1 Mixture of Fact and Opinion

As we learned in Unit 2, Book 1, Unit 3 and Unit 8, Book 2, and Unit 2, Book 3, developing the ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts on the one hand and the writer’s opinion or interpretations on the other.It is always appreciated that we can keep facts and opinions apart, but writers often mix facts and opinions even within the same sentence, with some words representing facts and others representing opinions.1.2 Examples

Example 1:

But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of “The Tramp”, the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.(Para.1, Reading Passage A, Unit 2)

Even though the words only, great, permanent state opinions, the sentence states many facts―Charlie Chaplin, created, comic character, the Tramp, the little man in rags.Even more important, the main point of the sentence is to state the fact that Charlie Chaplin created “The Tramp”, which brought him fame.Thus the sentence is basically factual.Example 2:

This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, are surely the secrets of Chaplin’s great comedy.(Para.6, Reading Passage A, Unit 2)

Even though the words surely, secrets, great state opinions, the sentence states many facts―physical transformation, the skill he executed with, again and again.The sentence is basically factual as it deals with Charlie Chaplin’s skills in performance.1.3 Text reading

1)vote(L.4)

v.express one’s choice or opinion, esp.by officially marking a paper or by raising one’s hand or speking in a meeting

這位總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)是第三次當選了。

The President has been voted in for the third time running.Have you decided ________________？（支持哪個黨派）

(which party you will vote for)

2)spy…on(L.32)

watch secretly

你付了這個人多少錢來暗中監(jiān)視你丈夫？

How much did you pay the man to spy on your husband?

He ____________ through this window without being seen.(監(jiān)視他的鄰居)

(spied on his neighbors)

3)shut …out of(L.33)

not include in an activity

她決定永遠都不會讓約翰進入她的生活。

She decided to shut John out of her life forever.Some leaders in that country were afraid of losing their power, so they tried everything to ____.(杜絕婦女進入政界)

(shut women out of politics)

4)have the upper hand(L.35)

have or get the advantage or control over sb.上半場結束時似乎意大利隊占上風。

At half time, the Italian team seemed to have the upper hand.After hours of fierce negotiations, _____________.(總統(tǒng)占了上風)

(the president had the upper hand)

5)fierce(L.47)

a.strong and powerful

在上周激烈的戰(zhàn)斗中有兩百個士兵陣亡了。

Two hundred soldiers were killed during the fierce fighting last week.__________________________ as they fought their way into the mountain village.(他們遭遇猛烈的抵抗)

(They encountered fierce resistance)

6)break up(L.52)

(cause to)come to an end

警察到達時聚會已經(jīng)結束了。

The party had already broken up when the police arrived.___________ because there was no love between them.(他們的婚姻結束了)

(Their marriage broke up)

7)witness(L.55)

vt.see sth.happen because one is there when it happens

二十世紀目睹了全世界的政治經(jīng)濟和文化的巨大變革。

The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural transformation.He _____________ and observed its growth and development at a crucial period in its history.(親眼目睹了祖國的誕生)

(witnessed the birth of his country)

8)in earnest(L.58)

seriously and sincerely

她認真地承諾不會干涉我們的事。

He was in earnest in promising not to interfere in our business.Now I shall have to ______________________, keeping one chapter ahead of the students each week.（認真學英語）

(study English in earnest)

9)refresh(L.67)

vt.give new energy and strength to sb.在炎熱的夏天喝一杯冰果汁會讓人精神為之一振。

A glass of iced juice can be very refreshing on a hot summer day.Having had a good sleep, ______________.（他感到精神抖擻）

(he felt thoroughly refreshed)

10)deliver the goods(L.69)

fulfill a promise

他滿口諾言，事實上卻難得兌現(xiàn)。

He's full of promises but in fact he rarely delivers the goods.____________, they could well be looking for a new prime minister by next summer.(如果他不兌現(xiàn)諾言)

(If he fails to deliver the goods)

2.Revision

2.1 Multiple choice

1)If a ________ were to reach the gas it would go off at once.A)spot

B)spill

C)spark

D)spray

2)After about an hour and a half the party ______ because there was not enough wine that evening.A)broke off

B)broke away

C)broke up

D)broke through

3)House purchase is the biggest decision that most people make and the easiest one to _______ for various reasons.A)postpone

B)conduct

C)replace

D)last

4)Somewhat to my _______, the police will soon eliminate her from their inquiries.A)entertainment

B)judgment

C)relief

D)relaxation

5)The political weakness of these countries _________their economic weakness.A)compromised with

B)competed with

C)communicated to

D)corresponded to 6)A series of tragic _______ made Mr.Terres feel he has to face up to his life.A)accidents

B)incidents

C)events

D)occurrences

7)The foreign-born Chinese are thought of as yellow on the outside and white on the inside because they only look like Chinese but never think or ______ like Chinese.A)direct

B)accustom

C)adjust

D)behave

8)For many young people, the late 1960s was a period of _______ against the moral values that had been the pride of the past generations.A)revolt

B)rebel

C)chaos

D)challenge

9)I promised to_________ the others at 5 a.m.A)rouse

B)stimulate

C)motivate

D)prompt

10)Prisoners are reported to have been deliberately _______ without trial.A)murdered

B)convicted

C)executed

D)punished

11)This swimming costume is made of ______ material.A)elastic

B)clumsy

C)coarse

D)delicious

12)Two drivers were killed in a head-on ________ down a car and a taxi last night.A)collapse

B)conflict

C)collision

D)crush 13)A few shots of this drug cleared up the disease ______

A)for long

B)before long

C)ever since

D)for good

14)The citizens in the neighborhood all______for the local government's decision to close the small paint factory.A)claimed

B)cracked

C)clapped

D)crashed

15)The government attempts to put down the______ of the president's sex scandal.A)news

B)rumor

C)saying

D)proverb

16)The fact that we underestimated our ______ led to our bitter defeat.A)opponent

B)candidate

C)colleague

D)advocate

17)The girls were all _____ of Grace because she was so pretty, with beautiful hands and a face like a film-star's.A)greedy

B)controversial

C)competitive

D)jealous

18)The Watergate ______ was exposed by two investigative journalists working for the Washington Post.A)shame

B)conviction

C)rumor

D)scandal

19)Japanese banks, once _____ competitors in the British banking market, have all but disappeared.A)bold

B)fierce C)wild

D)harmful

20)5000 people held a protest march and_____ against sexual discrimination.A)rally

B)conjunction

C)episode

D)riot

21)A _____ broke out at the stadium when the home team lost 5-0.A)rebel

B)strike

C)violation

D)riot

22)It was the third time in three weeks that such ugly scenes had been _______ in London.A)endeavored

B)demonstrated

C)witnessed

D)judged

23)You may laugh at my idea but I'm in deadly _____.A)intensive

B)generous

C)earnest

D)voluntary

24)When I come back, I feel _____and many new ideas occur to me.A)renewed

B)recreated

C)reshaped

D)refreshed

25)According to the Centers for Disease Control, women will soon _____ 80 percent of those diagnosed with HIV.A)make up

B)build up

C)stand for

D)conform to

26)She ______the knives and forks at the lunch table.A)laid up

B)laid off

C)laid down

D)laid out

27)________some other low-income countries in Africa, most children here do eventually get to primary school and stay there for a few years.A)Contrary to

B)In regard to C)In contrast to

D)With respect to

28)Seven hundred thousand tons of ______ oil has poured out of the damaged tanker into the sea.A)raw

B)rough

C)crude

D)tough

29)Fertile soil helps Canada________ among the world's leading wheat producers.A)rank

B)occupy

C)arrange

D)classify

30)The film producer sent him the ______ and assured him there was no question of him appearing on stage in the role.A)scrape

B)catalog

C)category

D)script

2.2 Error correction

1)If I knew that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.A

B

C

D

(A.had known)

2)Whenever I see someone having a drink in a TV programme, I feel like to have a drink myself and

A

B

C

it's the same with cigarettes and food.D

(C.having)

3)Before the 1950s, ships sinking in the Triangle were in some degree common occurrences.A

B

C

D

(C.to)

4)Awaiting her husband at the airport, she couldn't help but to smile to herself.A

B

C

D

(D.smile)

5)Despite of the high divorce rate in the United States, young men and women continue to marry on

A

B

C

the basis of romantic love.D

(A.Despite)

2.3 Text extension

Discussion: Is it possible for a woman to become a successful politician?

3.Assignments

1)Finish all the exercises of Section B

2)Read the article of Section C and finish the related exercises.

第二篇：新視野大學英語第二版第四冊讀寫教程1-10單元答案

新視野大學英語第二版第四冊 讀寫教程 答案

【Unit 1】

SECTION A III.1.idle 2.justify 3.discount 4.distinct 5.minute 6.accused 7.object 8.contaminate 9.sustain 10.worship IV.1.accusing...of 2.end up 3.came upon 4.at her worst 5.pa: 6.run a risk of 7.participate in 8.other than 9.object to/objected V 1.K 2.G 3.C 4.E 5.N 6.0 7.1 8.L 9.A 10.D Collocation VI.1.delay 2.pain 3.hardship 4.suffering 5.fever 6.defeat 7.poverty 8.treatment 9.noise 10.agony Word building VII.1.justify 2.glorify 3.exemplifies 4.classified 5.purified 6.intensify 7.identify 8.terrified VIII.1.bravery 2.jewelry 3.delivery 4.machinery 5.robbery 6.nursery 7.scenery 8.discovery sentence Structure IX.1.other than for funerals and weddings 2.other than to live an independent life 3.other than that they appealed to his eye..` 4.but other than that, he'll eat just about everything.5.other than that it's somewhere in the town center X.1.shouldn't have been to the cinema last night 2.would have;told him the answer 3.they needn't have gone at all 4.must have had too much work to do 5.might have been injured seriously Translation XI.-1.The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2.Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do;we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world.The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6.They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何場所時，如果你帶有寵物，一定要了解有關寵物的規(guī)定。2一些女性完全可以不待在家里，而是去工作，掙一份不錯的工資。但是為了家 庭，她們放棄 了工作。

3.你怎么為這樣粗魯?shù)男袨檗q護？你將會為此付出沉重的代價，因為他們己經(jīng)以低 毀名譽的罪 名起訴你了。

4.批評有其重要作用；我們可能當時不喜歡它，但是它能激勵我們?nèi)プ龈鼈ゴ蟮氖?情。

5.他毫不讓步的行為遭到公眾的反對，這使得他陷人了精神上崩潰、經(jīng)濟上破產(chǎn)的 境地。

6．即使你失敗了，也不要被失敗傷害，更不要被失敗左右。記住：失敗是學習過 程中必要的一

步；它不是學習、的結束，而是學習的開始。close XIII.1 ．B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A II．D 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.C I9.A 20.D

Section B Reading Skills.I.1.I was a black and was looked down on because of the ugly shadow of racism in 1976.2.It means that the man was different from others for he was honest and paid debts.3.The farmer's attitude toward me changed when he learned that I was the son of an honest man who was different from other blacks.4.Because American social morality has changed for the worse.5.Because people believe in honesty and this helps me in my life.Comprehension o f the Text II.1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.T 7.F 8.T Vocabulary 1.melted 2.restore 3.initiative 4.obligation, 5.induce 6.lest 7.relief 8.furnish 9.enquire 10.meanwhile Exercises on Web course only: 11.deposit 12: intent 13.behave 14.amused 15.glue IV 1.kept his word 2: shrugged off 3.melted away 4.enquire into 5.cool off 6.pave the way for 7.hold up 8.fall apart 9.wipe away 10.on credit

【unit 2】

Section A Comprehension o f the text 1.He lived a poor and miserable life during his childhood.2.Because no one in Britain appeared to appreciate his talent for comedy.His comic figures did not conform to British standards.3.Because his dress and behavior didn't seem that English.4.It was the first movie in which Chaplin spoke.5.He used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along without a prepared script.6.His transformation of lifeless objects into other kinds of objects, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again.7.She brought stability and happiness to him and became a center of calm in his family.8.Comic.Vocabulary III.1.coarse 2.betrayed 3.incident 4.postponed 5.execute 6.surrounding 7.applause 8.extraordinary 9.clumsy 10.sparked IV.1.for 2.against 3.up 4.about 5.up 6.to 7.down 8.down 9.in 10.on V.l.I 2.J 3.B 4.D 5.E 6.G 7.F 8.L 9.N 10.A Collocation
VI.1.service 2.help/hand 3.influence 4.guarantee 5.visit 6.span.7.welcome 8.spirit 9.duties 10.buildings Word Building VII.1.artist 2.terrorist 3.novelist 4.activists 5.biologists 6.idealist 7.capitalists 8.tourist VIII.1.terrorism 2.industrialism 3.realism 4.idealism 5.criticism 6.heroism 7.racism 8.Modernism sentence structure IX 1.If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.2.If he had tried to leave the country, he would have been stopped at the border.3.If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life.4.If I had caught that plane, I would have been killed in the air crash.5.If he had been in good health, he could have written many books.X.1.it is a wonder to find 2.It is a surprise for us to find 3.it is a waste of time to argue with him 4.It's a comfort to know 5.It is a relief for us to learn XI 1.If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.2.She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3.I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.4.As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.5.She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6.No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.XII ．If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous，it would have attracted a larger audience．?

2.She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3 ．I never had formal training，I just learned as I went along·

4.As their products find their way into the international market，their brand is gaining in popularity.5 ．She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all her money was gone，but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6 ．No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him． XII.1.如果沒有查理·卓別林，世界電影史就會不一樣了。

2.令人感到寬慰的是，他的努力最終給予了他長期渴望的結果—他成功地發(fā)現(xiàn)了這 種疾病的原因。

3.查理·卓別林是最偉大、最廣受熱愛的電影明星之一。從《流浪漢》到《摩登時 代》，他拍

攝了許多他那個時代最有趣、最受歡迎的電影。他最出名的是他扮演的一個人物— 年輕可

愛的小流浪漢。

4.卓別林是一個才能非凡的人：自他1914年第一次在電影中出現(xiàn)，兩年時間內(nèi)他就 成了這個國

家最有名的人物之一。

5.查理·卓別林對20世紀初期每個人的生活都產(chǎn)生了影響。與有史以來的任何人相 比，他讓更

多的人歡笑，改變了人們看待這個世界的方式。

6.1977年，查理·卓別林在圣誕節(jié)那天去世了，身后留下了悲傷的家人和朋友，以 及全世界數(shù)

以百萬計的影迷。Cloze XIII.1 ．C 2.B 3．C 4.B 5．A 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.C 11 ．D 12.A 13．A 14.C 15．B 16.D 17．A 18．C 19.B 20.A Structured Writing XV.Charlie Chaplin is a great comic for his native land Britain, but even more so for the world.On the stage he often wore tiny moustaches, huge pants and tailcoats that were perhaps more characteristic of Europeans and may be not much of the British.Since more than half of the roles Chaplin played were in silent films, people throughout the world had no difficulty understanding his films.With sound movies, Chaplin created a nonsense language that sounded like no known nationality and was accepted and appreciated by people all over the world.For most of his lifetime he did not stay in his mother country;he traveled throughout the world to appear on stage for people of different nationalities.SECTION B I.1.F.It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions.Words representing opinions: a most revolutionary thing Words representing facts: six months ago;ran for mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won 2.F? It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions.Words representing opinions: even more surprising Words representing facts: was voted in by her colleagues on the District Council, all men 3.O.It is basically an opinion though the sentence contains some words for facts.Words representing opinions: suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force Words representing facts: thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of Nairobi 4.F.It is basically a fact though the sentence contains some words for opinions.Words representing opinions: many women had not been taught the basics of political participation Words representing facts: One veteran female political activist said What the veteran female political activist said was a fact.So the sentence is basically factual.5.O.It is basically an opinion though the sentence contains some words for facts.Words representing opinions: not a new phenomenon Words representing facts: political activity among Kenyan women Comprehension of the 5-ext II.1.T 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.F 8.T Vocabulary III.1.fierce 2.launched 3.colleagues 4.illegal 5.funded 6.jealous 7.refresh 8.substantial 9.sow 10.ridiculous IV.1.Could we take a walk? I feel like a little exercise.2.Ms.Mbogo had made a bold decision: to run for mayor of Embu, Kenya.3.Some leaders in Kenya were afraid of losing their power, so they tried everything to shut' Kenyan women out of politics.4.She decided long ago that she would study the subject in earnest as soon as she left school.5.He was arrested because he was paid to spy on our air bases.6.After almost four hours of fierce negotiation, the President had the upper hand.7.Victims of traffic accidents make up almost a quarter of the hospital's patients.8.Ms.Mbogo's victory was important because all her male colleagues voted her in.9.Two young men were originally hired to watch over the house as it was being built.10.It is reported that government troops tried to break up the protest by firing their guns in the air.【unit 3】

Section A Vocabulary III.1.raw 2.convicted 3.compensation 4.notify 5.provisions 6.receipt 7.paste 8.altered 9.thrive 10.certify Exercises on Web course only: 11.donation 12.roast 13.rent 14.champion 15.temptation IV 1.up 2.to 3.down 4.of 5.out 6.into 7.for 8.on 9.through 10.of V.1.M 2.E 3.G 4.A 5.H 6.C 7.1 8.K 9.0 10.D Collocation VI.1.respect 2.degree 3.money 4.living 5.praise 6.place 7.success 8.scholarship 9.job 10.reputation Word Building VII.1.longish 2.animal-like 3.selfish 4.honey-like 5.ball-like 6.boyish 7.yellowish 8.bookish VIII.1.politicians 2.technician 3.comedian 4.musicians 5.physicians 6.electricians 7.beautician 8.magician sentence structure IX.1.The wanted man is believed to be living in New York.2.Many people are said to be homeless after the floods.3.Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion.4.The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.5.Four people are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident.X.1.He tried sending her flowers, but it didn't have any effect.2.I don't regret telling her what I thought, even if I upset her.3.The window was broken because I forgot to close it when I left.4.We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are out of stock.5.He welcomed the new student and then went on to explain the college regulations.Translation XI.1.Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into the affair in person.2.These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work.Now they are again faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3.You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.4.Their car broke down halfway for no reason.As a result they arrived three hours later than they had planned.5.The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6.The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business is thriving.XII 1.據(jù)報道這個男子曾在私下說：“許多救濟對象在欺騙我們，因此，作為補償，我 們有權讓他們對我們點頭哈腰。

2.我們考慮了你的背景與經(jīng)歷，很遺憾地告訴你，我們目前沒有適合你的工作機會。3.我沒能按奧斯卡的暗示去做，相反，我反駁了那個婦女，結果她竟然是我們的新 經(jīng)理。

4.需要有人來充當窮人權利的捍衛(wèi)者，因為這一體制太容易被濫用。

5.我的車子在高速公路上拋錨后，我打電話向警察求助，20分鐘后他們趕來幫我。6.他熱愛藝術，卻經(jīng)受了巨大的痛苦—貧窮與誤解。close XIII.1 ．B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5．B 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.B 11 ．D 12.A 13.C 14.B 15．D 16.B 17.C 18.A 19:D 20.B structured Writing XV It is difficult to get a welfare client?s wheelchair repaired．Once my wheelchair needed repairing，and I notified my caseworker.She gave me a lecture that I hadn?t taken good care of my wheelchair.Then she told me that I must have the patience to wait until she had the time to report my wheelchair conditions to my medical worker.Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid and informed the main welfare office at the state capital．It took them another several days to consider the matter.When they finally got my wheelchair repaired，I had been confined to bed for more than half a month．

Section B Reading Skills I.1.“The stacks of paper” is being personified as someone who can bear witness to something.2.“Western ears” symbolize people from Western countries.3.“A gallery of human faces” symbolizes a gathering of people of different origins.4.As we know a portrait does not have life.It is in a figurative way to say “a living portrait”.5.The word “l(fā)ike” tells us that this part is a simile, comparing hats to small crowns.6.“Two tiny birds” are clearly a metaphor for the girl's two small hands, showing that it was with loving care that the blind man held the girl's hands.Comprehension of the Text II.1.The stacks of paper bore witness to a huge amount of work waiting to be done, even though I had been working seven days a week.2.I remember feeling annoyed at this dense collection of humanity.3.Then the truth struck me.He was blind.4.As we waited for our drinks, the blind man said, “The music seems out of tune to our Western ears, but it has charm.” 5.They are motionless, waiting for the performance to start.6.The first performance ended just as we finished dessert, and I excused myself and went to talk to the theater manager.7.A few minutes later he was standing next to one of the dancers, her little crowned head hardly reaching his chest.8.About a week after our trip, the chairman told me the Chinese executive had called to express great satisfaction with the trip.Vocubulary III.1.skimmed 2.steer 3.chartered 4.angle 5.veil 6.magic 7.realm 8.annoy 9.dense 10.highlighted IV.1.Many of these poems bear witness to his years spent in India, England, and China.2.The other players in the team are better than me, but I'm slowly catching up.3.1 was loaded with many parcels, unable to walk any faster.4.The place was deserted and there was no sign of human beings living there.5.These instruments should be switched on and checked before we start our work.6.My friend was dressed in a black coat whereas I was in jeans.7.All those connected with the mission were in prayer for her, but her life was not spared.8.May I excuse myself for a while, Mr.Davis? 9.Have you ever noticed that at yesterday's concert one of the violinists was out of tune? 10.All too soon it was over and we left feeling we had just skimmed the surface of this fascinating topic.*

【unit 4】

Section A Vocabulary III.1.investment 2.disposal 3.condensed 4.strategic 5.revenue 6.scratch 7.utilities 8.invested 9.nowhere 10.transmission IV.1.is lagging far behind 2.are stuck with 3.going for 4.remain in contact 5.keep pace with 6.at your disposal 7.dates from 8.scratched the surface of 9.stuck in 10.choose between V.1.L 2.N 3.D 4.E 5.H 6.1 7.F 8.0 9.1 10.B Collocation VI.1.exchange 2.growth 3.opportunities 4.understanding 5.benefits 6.peace 7.development 8.career 9.will 10.status Word Building VII.1.superpower 2.superabundant 3.supermarket 4.super-speed 5.supercomputer 6.superman 7.superstar 8.super-efficient VIII.1.auto-timer 2.auto-focus 3.autograph 4.auto-reverse 5.autobiography 6.automakers 7.autoloading 8.autocriticism sentence structure IX 1.Concentrate on indoor delights rather than outdoor fights and you'll be much better appreciated.2.As a result of the development of computer technology many people may eventually be able to work at home rather than go to the office.3.Some people say that the pupils' achievements this term will be measured by a formal test rather than their teacher's assessment.4.They argued that their products should be developed on the basis of need rather than profit.5.During weekends the businessmen may spend time establishing friendship and mutual trust rather than discussing any particular item of business.X.1.Petrol now is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.2.Theirs is about three times as big as ours.3.Latin American customers talk two to four times as long on the phone as people in North America.4.the fee for cell phones is typically twice as much as for calls made over fixed lines 5.can transmit 250,000 times as much data as a standard telephone wire Translation XI.1.Rather than invest in my education, my parents spent their money on a new house.2.Today, people are spending twice as much on entertainment and relaxation as they did in the past.3.In order to be successful, a business must keep pace with developments in the marketplace.4.Her fluency in English gave her an advantage over other girls for the job.5.For students, nowhere is better than the library, where all the books are at their disposal.6.We should make full use of the platform to strengthen communication, expand cooperation in more areas and seek further development through joint efforts.XII.1，發(fā)展中國家認為信息技術是促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的途徑，但一些國家在估算成本與選 擇技術方面缺乏經(jīng)驗。

2.據(jù)說地球擁有的地下水量大約是其擁有的河流和湖泊水量的三千倍，而且地下水 要干凈得多。

3.任何人都能照出好照片—問題只是你是否在合適的時間和地點。

4.通過在他們的學校和圖書館安裝計算機，這些社區(qū)的領導們表明他們決心不在技 術上落后。

5.當他開始創(chuàng)辦這家公司時，他想他將能在市場上與那些頂級公司并駕齊驅，可是 他現(xiàn)在失望

了，因為他沒有成功。

6.佛羅里達的一對夫婦在建造一座他們稱之為未來之家的房子，它既能抵御咫風，又與周圍環(huán) 境十分協(xié)調(diào)。Cloze XIII.1 ．C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.C 10.D 11．A 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.C Structured Writing XV.Compare the new welfare system with the old one and you would find a world of difference between the two.Under the new welfare system, the law encourages welfare clients to work on their own for a gradual shift away from welfare, and this is not the case in the past.Welfare clients now can develop their talents to make money.In the past, they often cheated to bleed the system for a few extra dollars.Now caseworkers will gladly help their clients find appropriate jobs rather than act like detectives to try to seek out any unreported properties.Today many welfare clients have made a choice to live a life of complete honesty and they tell the truth to caseworkers and declare any extra income they make.In cases like this, caseworkers will feel greatly relieved because they don't need to search for any cheating as in the past.Section B Readinq Skills I.1.Your home computer or TV can provide whatever you need whenever you like.2.You can learn language easily via computer over distance.3.Poor people must also have access to high technology as it is essential for their education, work and daily lives.4.Some companies provide the technology of information highway to the rich first as that is business.5.Advocates of universal access have already launched a number of projects of their own for the poor.Comprehension o f the text II.1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.T Vocabulary III.1.transmit 2.insure 3.crucial 4.feedback 5.correspondence 6.specialized 7.tutor 8.hence 9.portion 10.files Exercises on Web course only: 11.format/file 12.dose 13.terminal 14.correspondent IV.1.differ on 2.refer to 3.Compared to 4.specialize in 5.make routine 6.come up with 7.has access to 8.Some steps should be taken 9.signed up for 10.in the hands of

【unit 5】

Section A Comprehension o f the text I.1.Because 22 million people live alone, which suggests that it is an overwhelming phenomenon in the United States.2.Because they can find inspiration in solitude.3.The more positive one is toward oneself, the less the need for staying with others.4.It depends.If they live with their friends, the friends' temporary leaving will be received as a welcome change.However, if they live alone, the temporary absence of friends may leave them with a feeling of emptiness.5.Because the need to talk is the most basic need of a solitary person.6.They may call friends to tell them important things, or talk to themselves, their pets, the television, or even to strangers.7.To stay rational, settle down in a comfortable way and find pleasure from the current life,.wait for anything happy that may happen.8.The writer thinks that as ordinary people's solitary life differs from that of great minds(like poets and philosophers), they should cherish the thought that “since we are here, we may as well accept it and make the best of it”.Vocabulary III.1.humble 2.slippery 3.tame 4.inspiration 5.crept 6.apology 7.observation 8.dictate 9.inadequate 10.solitary Exercises on Web course only: 1l.choked 12.waterproof 13.poetry 14.commodity IV 1.cast out 2.all by himself 3.stay up late 4.was fond of 5.at one sitting 6.filled up with 7.speaks highly of 8.set forth 9.at length 10.for the time being V.1.K 2.H 3.M 4.B 5.A 6.0 7.J 8.D 9.F 10.1 Collocation VI.1.efficiency 2.status 3.performance 4.standard 5.coordination 6.sense 7.career 8.quality 9.supply 10.accuracy Word Cjuifdin8 VIl.1.underestimated 2.underpaid 3.overslept 4.Underdeveloped 5.overestimated 6.overcharged 7.underweight 8.overloaded VIll.1.simplified 2.electrician 3.recovery 4.childlike 5.autobiography 6.underline 7.terrorist 8.overreact sentence structure IX.1.The distance between them is not so great as to be unbridgeable.2.The unity of the masses with the party is never so strong as it is now.3.The punishment was harsh because Maggie would lose her position, but it was not so bad as losing her pay.4.I've heard the terrible noise once or twice before, but never so loud as this one.5.Men are never so peaceful, so graceful with each other as they are now.X.1.You might as well go there to see whether there is the information you need.2.We might as well call it freedom.3.You might as well ring and tell them you're going to visit them.4.We might as well walk home.5.We might as well find an easier one to read.Translation XI.1.This little man is not so innocent as he appears.2.There's nothing I can do about the problem, so you might as well turn to Professor Wang for help.3.Both sides speak highly of the fruits in their cooperation in different areas, and hope that the cooperation can be furthered.4.On the one hand, an image of being close to the people can get a new policy more easily accepted.On the other hand, it will “encourage people to speak their minds and come up with constructive suggestions”.5.His sense of loneliness rose and fell and he sometimes would talk at length to himself and his pets and the television.6.After all, money is not everything.The richest people are not necessarily the happiest.XII 1.新的機制并不像他們預期的那樣有效，因為數(shù)月過去了，但管理效率并沒有明顯 改進。

2.我不想不必要地嚇唬你，可你最好還是面對事實，看看一些數(shù)字吧。

3.孤獨的特點是一種與世隔絕感，而獨居則是獨自一人卻不感到寂寞的狀態(tài)，它能 引發(fā)自我 意識。

4.孤獨是一種消極的狀態(tài)，你會感到失去了某種東西。你可能與別人在一起仍然感 到孤獨—

這也許是孤獨最痛苦的形式。

5.獨居是一種與自我相約的積極的狀態(tài)。獨居是值得向往的，是獨自一人、享受自 我愉快而又

充實的陪伴的一種狀態(tài)。

6.梭羅說，一個人即使身處同伴之中，如果不對他們敞開心扉，仍會感到孤獨。Cloze XIII.1 ．B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5．C 6.C 7．D 8．D 9.B 10.A 11 ．C 12.B 13．A 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.C

Structured Writing XV.Some people prefer to live alone whereas some others have to live alone for one reason or another.Those people believing in inspirational solitude argue that no companion is more companionable than solitude.Literary giants such as William Wordsworth, John Milton and Henry Thoreau enjoyed living alone on purpose.Hunters or explorers enjoy themselves as they venture out to tame the great wild areas.On the other hand, there are some other people who have to live alone due to various reasons: being divorced, widowed or never married.Many of them feel bitter to live in solitude.They have no one to talk to and as a result they talk at length to themselves and to their pets and to the television.Section B Reading skills

1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C Comprehension o f the text II.1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F

Vocabulary III.1.abstract 2.holy 3.Nevertheless 4.odds 5.complicate 6.tolerate 7.depression 8.resorting 9.exclaimed 10.disorder Exercises on Web course only: 11.chew 12.vibrate 13.stale 14.jury IV 1.When he received the admission notice from the university, he knew it was time he struck out on his own.2.I had to keep the video camera readily accessible in case I saw something that needed to be filmed.3.Every time she tried to argue with her identical twin Katie, she would end up crying her eyes out.4.Serious violence has sprung from the conflict over insignificant, irritating differences.5.There are many people who believe sincerely that you can train children for life without resorting to punishment.6.Alan signed a dorm contract with his roommate to head off possible conflicts.7.He was required to fill in a form before the job interview.8.Her major concern is how she will make sure the people on the teams get along with one another.9.Against all the odds, it has worked, and this is a measure of just how strong they both were as individuals when they came to the marriage ten years ago.10.What I'd like to do is to help them to see that they don't need to give up on the computer, that they can actually be the master of it.Unit Six

【Unit 6】

Section A vocabulary III.1.Substantial 2.concerning 3.negotiation 4.exaggerate 5.withdrawn 6.commissions 7.financed 8.secure 9.impose 10.donation IV 1.by 2.in 3.of 4.to 5.up 6.on/upon 7.with 8.in 9.in 10.between V 1.O 2.E 3.G 4.1 5.J 6.B 7.K 8.N 9.M 10.D Collocation
VI.1.approaches 2.reward 3.protection 4.honor 5.advice 6.access 7.advantages 8.help 9.sympathy 10.understanding Word Building VII.1.foresight 2.forewarned 3.foreground 4.postgraduate 5.post-race 6.foresaw 7.post-Christmas 8.post-election VIII.1.e-shopper 2.e-merchant 3.e-journal 4.e-classroom 5.e-commerce 6.e-mail 7.e-dictionaries 8.e-cash sentence structure IX.1.It's pointless to go there next Monday-there's a public holiday.2.It is easy to talk about having high moral standards, but, in practice, what would one really do in such a situation? 3.It is interesting to see different cultures and ways of life.4.It is really astonishing that she refuses to talk to you.5.It is important that she come straight to me when she arrives.X.1.Suppose you object to carrying out a particular managem_ent order and you are afraid of the manager, what would you do? 2.Suppose you have just got married and you are about to work abroad for three years, how would you explain it to your newly-married wife? 3.Suppose someone couldn't understand why you didn't arrest Harry, would you explain to remove the doubts? 4.Suppose your tenant fails to pay the rent in time, would you throw him out? 5.Suppose you are a very heavy smoker and are anxious to break the habit, where could you get help? Translation XI.1.Suppose you found out that your colleague takes bribes, would you just ignore it? 2.We've given up on him because he is so stubborn.It is pointless to argue with him.3.He hit upon a good method to speed up the progress of the experiment, but opinions differed among members of the group on it.4.Today I'm able to square my profession with my interest, which I wasn't able to do before.5.The ability to visually distinguish between red and green is essential to becoming a driver.6.The team consisted of seven people who met on a regular basis to share their information with each other.XII.1.假設有人向你行賄，要換取一種承諾，你會怎么做？是接受呢，還是堅持自己的 原則？

2.現(xiàn)在人們不會忍受那些糟糕的境況，可是在那些日子里卻只能接受那樣的現(xiàn)實。3.大學校園里形形色色的作弊現(xiàn)象越來越多，我已不記得這學期有多少學生因作弊 而被捉住孔

4.當艾奇先生被披露曾受賄時，他不得不退出州長職位的競爭。

5.雖然他原先完全支持改革政策，可后來卻開始抨擊這場改革運動了。6.這位教授肯定不會同意翻譯基本是在詞典里查生詞的觀點。Cloze XIII.1 ．A 2.D 3．C 4.B 5．B 6.D 7．A 8.C 9.C 10.A 11 ．B 12.D 13.B 14.A 15．C 16.D 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.B XV Typically there are two kinds of people who choose to live alone on purpose.The first group of people is artists.They believe in the inspiration in solitude.One of my friends is a writer.He enjoys the time when he is alone because he can stay up late to read and, above all, concentrate on his writing without fear of being interrupted by others.On his wall he posts a quotation from Thoreau: “I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude.” The second group consists of people who are disappointed with their marriage or family life.A woman I know has been living alone since her husband left her five years ago.She is not waiting for his return but she is just disappointed with life.SECTION B Reading Skills I.1.They act out various types of situations to bring the people in the training camp into some real life situations.2.Because the journalists are inexperienced in deciding whom to shoot, whether or not to shoot and when to shoot.As a result, they “killed” innocent people because of mistakes of judgment.3.They probably don't want to take on more responsibilities.4.They want armed officers to ensure social security instead of protecting themselves by carrying guns.5.The policeman has been so much occupied with some extra duties that they wouldn't have time even for answering questions.Comprehension o f the text II.1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.F 8.T Vocabulary III.1.tackle 2.imitating 3.dimmed 4.fake 5.impressive 6.encountered 7.ccluivalent 8.widespread 9.priority 10.residents Exercises on Web court only: 11.temporary 12.apparently 13.innocent 14.prosperous IV.1.up 2.away 3.up 4.up 5.up 6.out 7.to 8.on 9.up 10.from Exercises on Web course only: 11.of 12.of 13.in 14.to

【unit 7】

Section A Vocabulary III.1.discounted 2.biased 3.variation 4.potential 5.Confronted 6.migrate 7.descended 8.distinct 9.superficial 10.extensive IV 1.to date 2.in effect 3.nothing less than 4.As of 5.in combination with 6.In addition to 7.shed new light on 8.is...confined to 9.serve as 10.adapt to V.1.K 2.0 3.C 4.F 5.J 6.1 7.G 8.A 9.M 10.E Collocation
VI.1.awards 2.challenges 3.component 4.advances 5.changes 6.advantage 7.influence 8.effect 9.objective 10.threat Word Building VII.1.privacy 2.intimacy 3.frequency 4.fluency 5.secrecy 6.urgency 7.consistency 8.dependency VIII.1.politics 2.classics 3.electronics 4.economics 5.psychology 6.methodology 7.technology 8.biology sentence structure IX.1.Being healthy is more than a question of not being ill.2.I was more than a little upset at not being invited to the wedding.3.This story is more than interesting;it is educational as well.4.Hepworth is more than a filmmaker;he had learnt to find stories that would have genuine popular appeal.5.Compared our achievements today with what we started out to be, it is more than a miracle brought about by years of exceptionally hard work.X.1.What was needed was nothing less than a new industrial revolution.2.This is nothing less than a call to restore the vitality of the American Dream.3.Their dream was nothing less than a revolutionary project to bring computers and ordinary people together., 4.The experience of sightseeing in the wonderful island is nothing less than exciting and I am moved to tears.5.He was very concerned that she should not be tired or bored;he wanted to make sure that the holiday would be nothing less than perfect for her.Translation XI.1.In the process of creating the genetic map, these scientists realized that cooperation was more than an attractive option;it was a responsibility.2.Their research findings were nothing less than a miracle.As a result of their findings, new light has been shed on the history of human genes.3.In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage over others.4.The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to others.5.The risk of infection is confined to those who have close contact with the patients.6.From such an analysis we are in a better position to understand what has happened and what to do about it.X11.1．作為一個負責的生產(chǎn)廠家，我們不僅僅關注環(huán)境；我們還積極參與環(huán)境保護。2.當然，她最后還是離開，去結婚了，但我敢肯定的是：她對工作盡職盡責，從不 允許自己的

職業(yè)重點受到影響。

3.除了學業(yè)上的成績，你迄今為止最大的成就是什么？

4.觀察和實驗的目的是為了驗證或闡明某些理論，只有那些被視為與任務相關的觀 察才應該被 記錄下來。

5.不管現(xiàn)在身處何地，黑人都是非洲人的后裔，但是數(shù)百年來，由于種種原因，他 們的遺傳基

因已經(jīng)變得多樣化且非常復雜。

6.實際上，他們都同意這種觀點：法律的變化引起了社會本質(zhì)的變化以及社會中人 與人之間關 系的變化。Cloze XIII.1 ．A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5．D 6.C 7．B 8．A 9.D 10.C 11，B 12.A 13.A 14.B 15．D 16.C 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.B Structured Writing XV.Sticking to high moral standards is easier said than done.Once, a young British car sales manager who had just finished courses on business ethics was sent to sell cars to an African country.The negotiations had been going on for months without any real results．He was at his wits' end.Finallyxhe hit upon a solution．One day he bought a popular novel and slipped a check of #20,000 in the book.Then he presented it to the minister in charge of transportation.This minister examined its contents，pretending he didn?t see the check at all．Then he said with a smile：“Young man，I hear London is at its best in May.”The sales manager, who was quick-witted, replied: ”My company in London will be most honored to welcome your visit！”A short time later, the deal was approved in London！

Section B Reading Skills 1.The writer holds a doubtful attitude toward this opinion, calling it a popular myth.We can find the writer's doubtful attitude in Paragraph 1.2.They are the supportive style and the stimulating style.We can find the information in Paragraph 4.3.Four groups of children: one with supportive parents, one with stimulating parents, one whose parents combining both qualities and a final group who offered neither.We can find the information in Paragraph 6.4.Eleven seconds a day in Holland and less than a minute a day in the United States.We can find the information in Paragraph 10.5.The environmental factors such as better parenting and educational techniques.We can find the information in Paragraph 15, the last paragraph.Comprehension o f the 5ext II.1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C Vocabulary III.1.supervising 2.fascinate3.guarantee 4.explore 5.sophisticated 6.identified 7.steer 8.beneficial 9.demonstrate 10.implication IV 1.up 2.out 3.up 4.in 5.over 6.on 7.in5.8.into 9.from 10.in

【unit 7】 Section A Vocabulary III.1.discounted 2.biased 3.variation 4.potential 5.Confronted 6.migrate 7.descended 8.distinct 9.superficial 10.extensive IV 1.to date 2.in effect 3.nothing less than 4.As of 5.in combination with 6.In addition to 7.shed new light on 8.is...confined to 9.serve as 10.adapt to V.1.K 2.0 3.C 4.F 5.J 6.1 7.G 8.A 9.M 10.E Collocation
VI.1.awards 2.challenges 3.component 4.advances 5.changes 6.advantage 7.influence 8.effect 9.objective 10.threat Word Building VII.1.privacy 2.intimacy 3.frequency 4.fluency 5.secrecy 6.urgency 7.consistency 8.dependency VIII.1.politics 2.classics 3.electronics 4.economics 5.psychology 6.methodology 7.technology 8.biology sentence structure IX.1.Being healthy is more than a question of not being ill.2.I was more than a little upset at not being invited to the wedding.3.This story is more than interesting;it is educational as well.4.Hepworth is more than a filmmaker;he had learnt to find stories that would have genuine popular appeal.5.Compared our achievements today with what we started out to be, it is more than a miracle brought about by years of exceptionally hard work.X.1.What was needed was nothing less than a new industrial revolution.2.This is nothing less than a call to restore the vitality of the American Dream.3.Their dream was nothing less than a revolutionary project to bring computers and ordinary people together., 4.The experience of sightseeing in the wonderful island is nothing less than exciting and I am moved to tears.5.He was very concerned that she should not be tired or bored;he wanted to make sure that the holiday would be nothing less than perfect for her.Translation XI.1.In the process of creating the genetic map, these scientists realized that cooperation was more than an attractive option;it was a responsibility.2.Their research findings were nothing less than a miracle.As a result of their findings, new light has been shed on the history of human genes.3.In fact, only hard work in combination with proper methods will give you an advantage over others.4.The judge said the punishment would serve as a warning to others.5.The risk of infection is confined to those who have close contact with the patients.6.From such an analysis we are in a better position to understand what has happened and what to do about it.X11.1．作為一個負責的生產(chǎn)廠家，我們不僅僅關注環(huán)境；我們還積極參與環(huán)境保護。2.當然，她最后還是離開，去結婚了，但我敢肯定的是：她對工作盡職盡責，從不 允許自己的

職業(yè)重點受到影響。

3.除了學業(yè)上的成績，你迄今為止最大的成就是什么？

4.觀察和實驗的目的是為了驗證或闡明某些理論，只有那些被視為與任務相關的觀 察才應該被 記錄下來。

5.不管現(xiàn)在身處何地，黑人都是非洲人的后裔，但是數(shù)百年來，由于種種原因，他 們的遺傳基

因已經(jīng)變得多樣化且非常復雜。

6.實際上，他們都同意這種觀點：法律的變化引起了社會本質(zhì)的變化以及社會中人 與人之間關 系的變化。Cloze XIII.1 ．A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5．D 6.C 7．B 8．A 9.D 10.C 11，B 12.A 13.A 14.B 15．D 16.C 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.B Structured Writing XV.Sticking to high moral standards is easier said than done.Once, a young British car sales manager who had just finished courses on business ethics was sent to sell cars to an African country.The negotiations had been going on for months without any real results．He was at his wits' end.Finallyxhe hit upon a solution．One day he bought a popular novel and slipped a check of #20,000 in the book.Then he presented it to the minister in charge of transportation.This minister examined its contents，pretending he didn?t see the check at all．Then he said with a smile：“Young man，I hear London is at its best in May.”The sales manager, who was quick-witted, replied: ”My company in London will be most honored to welcome your visit！”A short time later, the deal was approved in London！Section B Reading Skills 1.The writer holds a doubtful attitude toward this opinion, calling it a popular myth.We can find the writer's doubtful attitude in Paragraph 1.2.They are the supportive style and the stimulating style.We can find the information in Paragraph 4.3.Four groups of children: one with supportive parents, one with stimulating parents, one whose parents combining both qualities and a final group who offered neither.We can find the information in Paragraph 6.4.Eleven seconds a day in Holland and less than a minute a day in the United States.We can find the information in Paragraph 10.5.The environmental factors such as better parenting and educational techniques.We can find the information in Paragraph 15, the last paragraph.Comprehension o f the 5ext II.1.B 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C Vocabulary III.1.supervising 2.fascinate3.guarantee 4.explore 5.sophisticated 6.identified 7.steer 8.beneficial 9.demonstrate 10.implication IV 1.up 2.out 3.up 4.in 5.over 6.on 7.in5.8.into 9.from 10.in

Unit 8 Section A Comprehension o f the text I.1.They hid behind their curtains and peered at the travelers cautiously.2.It means that the small town was a stage where the different travelers who passed by were actors revealing themselves to the audience-the villagers.3.Probably there were different ways of greetings between them, so there might be some misunderstandings or inappropriate responses.4.Because she wanted to sing and dance so much that she thought the money was given as a discouragement rather than an encouragement.5.When she left her hometown of Eatonville for Jacksonville at thirteen, she experienced a huge change and she was aware that she was black.6.It means that she was not emotionally disturbed by the fact that she was a descendent of slaves.She felt good about herself.7.The writer compared herself to a brown bag of mixed items propped up against a wall with other bags.8.As is described, the contents revealed are nothing but common objects.It suggests that for ordinary people, no matter whether they are white or black, they share something in common.Vocabulary III.1.cautiously 2.bribing 3.disapprove(d)4.tendency 5.permanent 6.depression 7.fragrance 8.guarantee 9.exclusively 10.generously IV..1.peering at 2.be broken off 3.disapproved of 4.prop up 5.In the main 6.in company with 7.in that 8.pay the price 9.belong to 10.more or less V 1.L 2.O3.H 4.D 5.1 6.E 7.N 8.K 9.G 10.B Collocation
VI.1 ．plans 2.lifestyle 3.fact 4.policies 5.rules 6.concentration 7.world 8.voice 9.inheritance 10.content Word Building VII.1.devalued 2.demobilized 3.deregulated 4.decentralized 5.destabilizing 6.depersonalized 7.de-emphasize 8.decoded VIII.1.retirees 2.interviewees 3.trainee 4.employees 5.escapees 6.addressee 7.devotee 8.divorcee sentence structure IX 1.I know she isn't really interested in window-shopping, but she doesn't mind waiting while I have a look.2.If people don't mind my not having a degree, I could give a few music lessons!3.People don't mind paying a lot more for good software because they can see the benefits of using it.4.1 don't mind if people perceive me as arrogant.You need certain degree of it to succeed.5.We don't mind if it takes time for people to express their hopes, goals, fears, and needs in their lives.X.1.No friends came to see her;she shut herself off, in the old familiar world of bedroom and drawing room.2.No cigarette end could give us any clue to or sign of anyone having ever been there.3.No gas, no water and no electricity in the hospital!How could you expect the children to survive this? 4.No other information is given about the book itself, although there is a brief biographical, note about the writer.5.No effort has been made to investigate the “disappearances” that have occurred over the past three years.Translation XI.1.1 don't mind his staying out so late as long as he behaves himself.2.1 prefer his plan to others in that I think no plan is more practical than his.3.They broke off business relations with that company as it suffered huge losses in the last fiscal year and went bankrupt.4.Now that you don't like him, why did you invite him to your birthday party in the first place? 5.Though we knew our chances to win were slim, we were more or less depressed when we lost in the game.6.Perhaps this was the price that has to be paid for progress-who knows? XII.1.我不在乎他們否定我的計劃，但在內(nèi)心深處我仍渴望得到他們的支持。2.彼得宣布他不想與她們中任何一個女孩一起唱歌或跳舞，他沒給任何理由。

3.我們尊敬的是那些奉獻時間、友誼和才能的人，而不是那些一心只為自己謀求私利的人。4.看來我生意遭到一了巨大損失，這是我不聽父母忠告所付出的代價。

5.他們只是順便又提到了這一點：在我去那個國家旅行時，會有一位翻譯一直在我身邊。6.即使當父母強烈反對子女的行為方式時，他們拒絕接受的是那種行為方式而不是子女本人，澄清這一點十分重要。Cloze XIII.1 ．B 2.C 3．B 4.D 5．A 6.D 7．A 8.B 9.B 10.C 11 ．A 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.B 16.D 17.C 18.D 19.D 20.A Structured Writing XV Small in size and light in weight, electronic dictionaries are convenient to use．They are easy to carry and students can take them anywhere they go.Whenever they come across a new word in reading, they can find out its meaning with the help of an electronic dictionary.An electronic dictionary usually contains the information of several paper dictionaries．When students have one such dictionary, they actually have more than one dictionary in hand．Meanwhile，electronic dictionaries are time-saving.They save students from turning pages over to find the word．Instead, they only need to key in the word and the meaning will appear on the screen.Considering all the above factors，no wonder more and more students are using electronic dictionaries nowadays． Section B Readinq skills I.1.F.It is basically factual that the value of youth enabled people to make money.2.F.It states a fact that what manufacturers claim has caused worries from doctors.3.F.It is basically factual that a woman was doubtful about the effect of Imedeen before.4.F.It is basically factual that a doctor questions the methods used in the study.5.O.From “it is difficult to...” we know it is an opinion.Comprehension of the text II.1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.T 8.T Vocabulary III.1.appeal 2.nutrition 3.denied 4.ingredients 5.stimulated 6.perceived 7.accelerate 8.controversy 9.extracts 10.ridiculous Exercises on Web course only: 11.renew 12.multiply 13.utilized 14.demonstrate IV 1.look into 2.poured out 3.beat back 4.When it comes to 5.have to do with 6.specialize in 7.was tied up with 8.symbolic of 9.do the trick 10.attached(great)importance to unit 9 Section A Vocabulary III.1.violated 2.delicate 3.contended 4.invasion 5.illustration 6.attendance 7.concessions 8.unique 9.contemplated 10.excess 11.banned 12.symbol 13.figured 14 assemble IV 1.made some concessions 2.putting…before 3.be untroubled about 4.take it to court 5.came into service 6.in response to 7.rather than 8.focused … on 9.it depends 10.In a flash V.1.L 2.J 3.E 4.I 5.D 6.N 7.B 8.O 9.A 10.G Collocation.1.calming 2.long-term 3.negative 4.destructive 5.marginal 6.harmful 7.disastrous 8.emotional 9.similar 10.stimulating Word Building VII.1.endurance 2.tolerance 3.defiance 4.attendance 5.acceptance 6.admittance 7.Reliance 8.Observance VIII.1.unanimous 2.unify 3.unicycle 4.unique 5.uniform 6.unite 7.union 8.unity XII.1盡管他們做了解釋，工會仍然認為公司的著裝規(guī)定侵犯了個人自由，也違反了勞工法。2．在工會的壓力下，資方已同意提高10%的薪酬，但是拒絕做出進一步的讓步。3．我們可以改革我們的公共衛(wèi)生醫(yī)療體系，該體系雖然有缺陷，但仍為我們提供了世界上最好的衛(wèi)生保健服務。

4．如果他有錢，而且沒有充足的理由不償還欠你的錢，那將他告上法庭也許是唯一的解決辦法了。

5．直到目前，解決中東沖突的各項努力都沒有任何成效；中東沖突自去年二月以來，已造成100多人死亡。6．在這一章，我們集中談論如何以論點的形式安排你所收集到的材料。Cloze XIII.1.Reacted 2.lack 3.emphasizing 4.figure 5.creative 6.claimed 7.appropriate 8.signs 9.as well as 10.chat 11.On 12.concede 13.essence 14.as 15.point 16.within 17.of 18.represented 19.but also 20.undeniable

unit 10 Section A Vocabulary III.1.incorporate 2.triggered 3.perspectives 4.cultivating 5.confine 6.capacity 7.Controversial 8.consciousness 9.recommend 10.application 11.sort 12.maturity 13.mechanisms 14 adaptive IV 1.to 2.at 3.to 4.aside 5.to 6.on/onpon 7.through 8.of 9.of 10.in V.1.F 2.J 3.G 4.D 5.M 6.A 7.K 8.C 9.O 10.H Collocation.1.constant 2.enormous 3.blood 4.intense 5.work 6.economic 7.international 8.personal 9.external 10.military Word Building VII.1.multicolored 2.multicultural 3.multimedia 4.multinational 5.multidimensional 6.multimillion 7.multiparty 8.multipurpose VIII.1.semi-permanent 2.semi-final 3.semi-automatic 4.semi-detached 5.semi-darkness 6.semi-official 7.semi-skilled 8.semi-retired sentence structure

Cloze XIII.1 ．B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5．D 6.C 7．B 8．A 9.D 10.C 11，A 12.D 13.C 14.B 15．C 16.D 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.B

第三篇：新視野大學英語(第二版)第四冊UNIT1課后作文

Life is never short of beauty

Most people are very busy every day.They've been busying with study, work and family ,so they often complain that life is bad.In fact, I want to say that life is never short of beauty.I once saw a child riding on the swing.He screamed as he almost touched the sky with each upward curve of the swing.His father looked at him and longed to share his joy.Finally, he loosened his tie and swing as his son did.I think he won't forget that day forever.I recall a famous article “YOUTH”: Youth is not a time of life, it is the state of mind, it is the freshness of the deep spring of life.The fact, the heart of everyone is just like a crystal ball.We should try to give off the mass of color to every corner of our life.Look at the transparent blue sky and think of that pure snowman, beauty fill our life.Treasure them.Every day in the morning we can say with a big smile: “Oh, what a lovely day!”

Life is full of beauty.Notice it.Notice the bumble bee, the small child, and the smiling faces.Smell the rain, and feel the wind.Live your life to the fullest potential, and fight for your dreams.In my eyes, beauty means such things that can arouse many of human's wonderful emotions: appreciation, respect, encouragement.生活是永遠不會缺少美麗

大多數(shù)人每天都很忙。他們一直忙著與學習、工作和家庭,所以他們經(jīng)常抱怨生活太糟糕了。事實上,我想說生活是永遠不會缺少美麗。

有一次,我看見一個孩子蕩秋千。他尖叫起來,因為他幾乎觸到天空與每個上行曲線的浪潮。他父親看著他和渴望分享他的喜悅。最后,他解開了領帶擺動和他兒子所做的。我認為他不會忘記那一天,直到永遠。我想起來一個著名的文章《青春》:青春不是生命的一個階段,它是心的境界,它是生命的深泉在涌流。

事實上,每一個人的心中就像一個水晶球。我們應該設法把大規(guī)模的顏色對人們生活的各個角落。看那透明的藍色的天空,想想:純粹的雪人祥和、充滿我們的生活。珍愛他們,每一處一天早晨,我們可以用一個燦爛的微笑說:“噢,這是一個多么美好的一天!”

生活充滿了美麗。注意到它。注意到蜜蜂仙蒂,小小孩,笑臉。聞到雨,感覺到風。活出你自己的生活充滿無限潛能,為你的夢想而戰(zhàn)。

第四篇：21世紀大學英語第四冊第二單元課文翻譯

A我們需要的感激A ?J ?克羅寧一個晴朗的下午，我在紐約上了一輛出租車。從司機的表情和他猛拉排擋的樣子中，我可以看出他很不高興。我問他是怎么回事。“我完全有理由生氣，”他怒氣沖沖地說。“今天上午我的一個乘客把錢包忘在我車里了。里面有近300塊錢。我花了一個多小時想方設法找那個家伙。最后我在他的賓館里找到了他。他拿了錢包，一聲不吭地瞪著眼看著我，好像我本來打算要偷他的錢包似的。”“他沒有給你酬金？”我大聲問。“一個子兒也沒有。但我要的不是錢??”他咕噥著，然后突然大聲說，“只要那個家伙說句什么??”因為他誠實的助人行為沒有得到感激，那位出租車司機一整天都悶悶不樂，而且我知道以后他在做類似的好事之前會仔細考慮一下了。這種對感激的需要是我們都能感受到的，而拒絕表示感謝則會大大扼殺善良與合作的精神。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，辛辛那提的一位母親收到他參軍的兒子一封來信，信中提到諾曼底一個村莊中的一位婦女在他受傷饑餓時將他帶到家中，幫他躲過了德國人的搜捕。不幸的是，后來那男孩在阿登高地的進攻戰(zhàn)中陣亡了。然而，這位母親卻受到一種不可抗拒的愿望的驅使。她積蓄了兩年，穿過大西洋，找到了她兒子提到的那個村莊。經(jīng)過多次打聽之后，她找到了那位曾經(jīng)保護過她兒子的婦女——一位貧窮農(nóng)夫的妻子——將一個包裹硬塞進她手里。那是她兒子在畢業(yè)典禮上獲得的一塊金表，是那個男孩曾經(jīng)擁有過的唯一真正有價值的東西。這位母親表示感激的舉動深深觸動了人們的心靈，在那個村莊內(nèi)外成為傳奇般的故事。它比出色的演講更能讓人培養(yǎng)起對美國人的好感。感激是對每一個無論大小的善行

優(yōu)雅地接受并表示欣賞的藝術。我們大多數(shù)人受到款待，接受禮物和明顯的好處時都不會忘記表示我們的愉悅之情，但即使在這種情況下我們也還能夠完善我們表示感激的方式，讓它盡可能的個人化和真誠。最近，我和妻子在意大利南部旅游時，我給康涅狄格州的一位朋友寄去了幾瓶令我們喜歡的當?shù)丶厌劇Ｄ鞘羌⌒〉亩Y物，然而令我們驚訝的是，我們收到的不是一封傳統(tǒng)的感謝信而是一張電唱機唱片。我們播放它時，聽到了我們的朋友在飯后的一段話，描述他和他的客人們?nèi)绾蜗矚g那酒，并感謝我們考慮得周到。有這件不同尋常的東西來證明別人欣賞我們的禮物真令人愉快。有時感激不僅僅是一件個人的事。我在麥吉爾大學學醫(yī)的兒子告訴我，有一位被送到蒙特利爾醫(yī)院的病人經(jīng)過輸血而獲救。康復以后他問：“我是否能找到那位獻血者的名字，向他表示感謝？”他被告知獻血者的名字是從來不公開的。出院幾個星期后他回來獻了一品脫血。從那以后他一次又一次地為了同一目的回來。當一名外科醫(yī)生稱贊這種不留姓名的高尚行為時，他只是回答說：“有個我永遠也不知道是誰的人為我這樣做了。我只是在說‘謝謝’。”感激不僅可以是一種轉瞬即逝的情緒，在有些情況下還可以是一種能持續(xù)終生的更新，想到這一點真令人感到欣慰。丈夫充滿感激地回想起妻子慷慨無私的行為，妻子從不忘記丈夫送給她的禮物，這些都大大有助于使家庭生活保持和諧。英國作家和博物學家W?H?赫德森曾經(jīng)寫道：“一天晚上，我?guī)б粋€朋友回家同我們一起吃了頓家常便飯。后來他對我說：‘你真幸運，你的妻子雖然身體不好還要照顧孩子，但菜燒得那么好吃。’那句贊美的話打開

了我的眼睛，它教會我要感謝妻子日復一日的、而一直被我習以為常的英雄行為。”感激的禮儀首先應該在小事情上用得最多。送報的男孩、送牛奶的人、郵遞員、理發(fā)師、飯店里的女招待、開電梯的人——所有這些人都在以某種方式為我們服務。通過表示感謝我們可以使日常平淡的關系具有人情味，使單調(diào)的任務變得令人愉快。我的一位在倫敦當公共汽車售票員的病人有一次對我吐露說，“有時我真厭倦了我的工作。人們抱怨，麻煩你，說車錢找得不對。但是有一位早晚乘我車的女士總是在我收她的車票時用一種特別友好的方式感謝我。我真希望她是代表所有的乘客在說話。這使我一直保持微笑。”阿諾德?本涅特的一個出版商夸獎自己的秘書效率特高。一天，本涅特對她說：“你的老板說你效率極高。你的秘訣是什么？”“那不是我的秘訣，”秘書回答。“那是他的。”每次她為他做一件事，無論多小的事，他從未忘記表示感謝。因此，她工作一直非常努力。有些人不愿表達感激之情，因為他們覺得這不會受歡迎。我的一個病人在出院幾個星期后回到醫(yī)院來感謝他的護士。“我沒有更早地回來，”他解釋說，“是因為我猜想你們對于人們的感激一定厭煩得要命。”“正好相反，”她回答說，“我很高興你來。很少有人意識到我們多么需要鼓勵，我們從那些鼓勵我們的人身上獲得了多大的幫助。”我們所給予的感激永遠不會過多。因為我們身邊的人在構筑他們的人生哲學時所依據(jù)的正是這些微笑、我們所表示的感謝和我們表示欣賞的各種小小的示意動作。

B禮儀為什么是重要的朱迪思?馬丁 朱迪思?馬丁(生于1938年)是

《華盛頓郵報》的戲劇和電影評論家，她撰寫的聯(lián)合特寫專欄“禮儀小姐”通過稿件辛迪加在國際上多家報紙同時發(fā)表。她在哈佛大學的一次演講中闡述了她在《普通禮節(jié)》一書中的觀點，現(xiàn)轉載如下。如今的美國人錯誤地認為只要具有個人美德就會毫不費力地、自然地產(chǎn)生可接受的社會行為。道德和禮節(jié)之間的區(qū)別已變得模糊了。大多數(shù)人以為，你只需要有一副好心腸，其余的事情便不用你費心了。你不必寫感謝信。這種對于人際關系的“自然的”態(tài)度認定：熟知任何一個人就是愛他，人類唯一的問題只是溝通問題。這既否認了人們可能被基本的、的確不可調(diào)和的差異——哲學的、政治的或者宗教的差異——所分隔，也假定了所有這樣的差異僅是誤解而已。許多形式的禮節(jié)恰恰是用來掩蓋那些由不可調(diào)和的分歧所造成的厭惡之情的。只要禮儀應當完全符合道德的想法存在，用來潤滑普通生活的應酬話或慣例就會產(chǎn)生道德問題。過去人們講究義務性的正式拜訪，那個時候，“夫人不在家”的意思顯然就是“夫人不想見你，就像你并不想見她一樣，不過她注意到你已經(jīng)盡職了。”如今，我們從來不給自己暫時被別人聯(lián)系不上的便利，甚至對陌生人也不例外。有了電話和BP機，人們使得自己能隨時被任何人所立即接通，而被認為無禮的并不是打電話干擾別人的人，而是不肯聽電話的人。我收到許多記者的來信，他們認為只有直言不諱才是誠實。他們感到氣憤，因為問他們“你好嗎？”的人們并不真正想聽他們說肚子不舒服。在寫信給那些他們并不想結交的人時，他們要求不以“你的忠實的”來簽署信件。讓人有點討厭的是，在說“早上好”之前得看一下天氣預報。那

些提倡實話實說的人在回答“我看上去好嗎？”之類漫不經(jīng)心的問題時會說實話，這也等于要求給粗野無禮以特別許可。禮儀標準化的缺乏導致了一個經(jīng)常是憤怒與混亂的社會，在那兒每個人都赤裸著他的道德觀，每一個細小的行為都被視作是一種道德觀的顯露。今天，每個人都聲稱不僅有權設計自己的禮節(jié)，而且有權在別人不遵守這些禮節(jié)時發(fā)火，即使他并沒有費心讓別人了解過他的喜好。事實上，現(xiàn)在比任何時候更容易在無意中傷人。一位紳士為一位女士開門，因為他的母親告訴他女士們喜歡這樣的禮節(jié)，但是這位女士卻轉過身來，對他現(xiàn)出一面蔑視的樣子，因為他侮辱了她作為女性的人格。一個年輕女子在一輛擁擠的公共汽車上給一位身體虛弱的年長男士讓座，而他厭惡地瞪了她一眼，因為她損傷了他作為男子的尊嚴。注意，這些人只是想表示友好；唯一的問題是他們在遵循不同的禮節(jié)體系而已。奇怪的是，現(xiàn)在比任何時候更難故意傷人。如果你說，“你面目可憎，我恨你，”那人可能會回答，“你正在氣頭上 ；我會等你感覺好一些。”解釋自己的動機能夠為所有的過失開脫，這種觀念也許在一個凌辱肆虐的世界里十分重要，在那兒，萬能的理由，“我心情不好”，赦免了一個人所有的義務或責任。有人認為，人們無需借助全社會默認的一種人為規(guī)范就可以“自然地”為人處事。這種想法就像認為人們可以用一種沒有被普遍認可的語法規(guī)則的語言來交際的想法一樣愚蠢。如同語言一樣，禮儀的準則可以被運用得或嫻熟或拙劣，其目的可以是崇高的或邪惡的，其表達的觀念和感情可以多種多樣。如同語言一樣，禮儀不停地經(jīng)歷著緩慢的變化和適應過程，但這些變化必須是全

球性的，而不是細微局部的。因為如果人人都即興創(chuàng)造自己的禮儀，那誰也不會理解另一個人行為的含義，結果就會造成社會的混亂和文明的終結。

第五篇：新視野大學英語第二學期作文題

第二學期作文題

3-6 Part VI.Writing(10分)

Direction: Write a composition on the topic “How to prepare ourselves well for a big earthquake?”.You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline below referring to the useful words and expressions.1.為了預防地震，我們應該掌握哪些知識。（備用的東西，躲藏的地方，怎樣與外界聯(lián)系??）

2.地震發(fā)生后我們應該怎么做。（如果在戶外，??；如果在家里，??；如果在開車，??）Useful words and expressions:

a survival kit, first aid kit, be clear about the safe as well as danger spots in your home, get your family reunited, overpasses and power lines, aftershocks, secondary disasters, landslide

3-7

Part VI.Writing(10分)

Direction: Write a composition on the topic “Bill Gates”.You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline below referring to the useful words and expressions.1.簡述蓋茨(chairman, CEO, businessman, Microsoft)

2.蓋茨成功的原因。(traits, Brilliance, competitiveness, workaholic)

3.他與眾不同的風格：把握時間的技能，“多任務操作”能力。(skill, multitasks)

4.結束語。(modernize, change, impact, dominate, computing revolution)

3-9

Part VI.Writing(10分)

Direction: Write a composition on the topic “Premarital Agreements”.You should write no less than 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline below referring to the useful words and expressions.1.婚前協(xié)議的內(nèi)容一般是什么？簽婚前協(xié)議的主要原因是什么？（確定自己婚后的權力，如誰做家務活；以防離婚時產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟糾紛，??）

2.一般來說，什么人需要婚前協(xié)議。（富人，再婚者，即將繼承巨額遺產(chǎn)或家庭產(chǎn)業(yè)者）

3.你對婚前協(xié)議的看法。

Useful words:

Financial, divorce, assets, inherit, remarry

期末題型：

1.聽力20’ 課外, 沒有聽寫，每題1’

2.閱讀15’（3篇）課外，每題1’

3.詞匯10’（10題），選自課后練習中的vocabulary部分前兩項，每題1’

4.詞匯選擇5’（15選10），選自課文, 每題0.5’

5.翻譯 10’（漢譯英2句，選自課后翻譯題； 英譯漢3句，課文中句子，都是翻譯半句）

6.作文10’，選自平時布置的作文題